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Jiang Q, Song G, He L, Li X, Jiang B, Wang Q, Wang S, Kim C, Barkestani MN, Lopez R, Fan M, Wanniarachchi K, Quaranta M, Tian X, Mani A, Gonzalez A, Goodwin JE, Sessa WC, Ishibe S, Jane-Wit D. ZFYVE21 promotes endothelial nitric oxide signaling and vascular barrier function in the kidney during aging. Kidney Int 2024; 106:419-432. [PMID: 38797325 PMCID: PMC11343665 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
ZFYVE21 is an ancient, endosome-associated protein that is highly expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) but whose function(s) in vivo are undefined. Here, we identified ZFYVE21 as an essential regulator of vascular barrier function in the aging kidney. ZFYVE21 levels significantly decline in ECs in aged human and mouse kidneys. To investigate attendant effects, we generated EC-specific Zfyve21-/- reporter mice. These knockout mice developed accelerated aging phenotypes including reduced endothelial nitric oxide (ENOS) activity, failure to thrive, and kidney insufficiency. Kidneys from Zfyve21 EC-/- mice showed interstitial edema and glomerular EC injury. ZFYVE21-mediated phenotypes were not programmed developmentally as loss of ZFYVE21 in ECs during adulthood phenocopied its loss prenatally, and a nitric oxide donor normalized kidney function in adult hosts. Using live cell imaging and human kidney organ cultures, we found that in a GTPase Rab5- and protein kinase Akt-dependent manner, ZFYVE21 reduced vesicular levels of inhibitory caveolin-1 and promoted transfer of Golgi-derived ENOS to a perinuclear Rab5+ vesicular population to functionally sustain ENOS activity. Thus, our work defines a ZFYVE21- mediated trafficking mechanism sustaining ENOS activity and demonstrates the relevance of this pathway for maintaining kidney function with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Jiang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Guiyu Song
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Liying He
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Qianxun Wang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Catherine Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mahsa Nouri Barkestani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Roberto Lopez
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Matthew Fan
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kujani Wanniarachchi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya Quaranta
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Arya Mani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anjelica Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julie E Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - William C Sessa
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dan Jane-Wit
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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2
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Sapkota A, Halder SK, Milner R. Hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling responses in the brain are much more robust than other organs. Microvasc Res 2023; 148:104517. [PMID: 36894025 PMCID: PMC10258146 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chronic mild hypoxia (CMH; 8-10% O2) promotes a robust vascular remodeling response in the brain resulting in 50% increased vessel density over a period of two weeks. It is currently unknown whether blood vessels in other organs show similar responses. To address this question, mice were exposed to CMH for 4 days and various markers of vascular remodeling were examined in the brain along with heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and liver. In contrast to brain, where CMH strongly promoted endothelial proliferation, none of the peripheral organs showed this response and in heart and liver, CMH notably reduced endothelial proliferation. While the MECA-32 endothelial activation marker was strongly induced by CMH in brain, in peripheral organs it was constitutively expressed either on a sub-population of vessels (heart and skeletal muscle) or on all vessels (kidney and liver), and notably, CMH did not affect expression. Endothelial expression of the tight junction proteins claudin-5 and ZO-1 were markedly increased on cerebral vessels, but in the peripheral organs examined, CMH either had no effect or reduced ZO-1 expression (liver). Finally, while CMH had no impact on the number of Mac-1 positive macrophages in the brain, heart, or skeletal muscle, this number was markedly decreased in the kidney but increased in the liver. Our findings show that the vascular remodeling responses to CMH are organ-specific, with the brain showing a strong angiogenic response and enhanced tight junction protein expression, but heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and liver failing to show these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sapkota
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sebok K Halder
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Richard Milner
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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3
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Wei W, Li W, Yang L, Weeramantry S, Ma L, Fu P, Zhao Y. Tight junctions and acute kidney injury. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:727-741. [PMID: 36815285 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a rapid reduction in kidney function caused by various etiologies. Tubular epithelial cell dysregulation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AKI. Tight junction (TJ) is the major molecular structure that connects adjacent epithelial cells and is critical in maintaining barrier function and determining the permeability of epithelia. TJ proteins are dysregulated in various types of AKI, and some reno-protective drugs can reverse TJ changes caused by insult. An in-depth understanding of TJ regulation and its causality with AKI will provide more insight to the disease pathogenesis and will shed light on the potential role of TJs to serve as novel therapeutic targets in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiying Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florida Hospital/AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Letian Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Savidya Weeramantry
- Department of Internal Medicine, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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4
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Loss of CLDN5 in podocytes deregulates WIF1 to activate WNT signaling and contributes to kidney disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1600. [PMID: 35332151 PMCID: PMC8948304 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mature podocytes lack tight junctions, tight junction integral membrane protein claudin-5 (CLDN5) is predominantly expressed on plasma membranes of podocytes under normal conditions. Using podocyte-specific Cldn5 knockout mice, we identify CLDN5 as a crucial regulator of podocyte function and reveal that Cldn5 deletion exacerbates podocyte injury and proteinuria in a diabetic nephropathy mouse model. Mechanistically, CLDN5 deletion reduces ZO1 expression and induces nuclear translocation of ZONAB, followed by transcriptional downregulation of WNT inhibitory factor-1 (WIF1) expression, which leads to activation of WNT signaling pathway. Podocyte-derived WIF1 also plays paracrine roles in tubular epithelial cells, as evidenced by the finding that animals with podocyte-specific deletion of Cldn5 or Wif1 have worse kidney fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction than littermate controls. Systemic delivery of WIF1 suppresses the progression of diabetic nephropathy and ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis. These findings establish a function for podocyte CLDN5 in restricting WNT signaling in kidney. Claudin-5 is a tight junction integral membrane protein, but it is also expressed in mature podocytes which lack tight junctions. Here the authors report that podocyte claudin-5 regulates WNT signaling activity by modulating WIF1 expression, and its downregulation contributes to kidney disease progression in mice.
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5
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Jo CH, Kim S, Kim GH. Claudins in kidney health and disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2022; 41:275-287. [PMID: 35354245 PMCID: PMC9184838 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are strategically located to exert their physiologic actions along with the nephron segments from the glomerulus. Claudin-1 is normally located in the Bowman’s capsule, but its overexpression can reach the podocytes and lead to albuminuria. In the proximal tubule (PT), claudin-2 forms paracellular channels selective for water, Na+, K+, and Ca2+. Claudin-2 gene mutations are associated with hypercalciuria and kidney stones. Claudin-10 has two splice variants, -10a and -10b; Claudin-10a acts as an anion-selective channel in the PT, and claudin-10b functions as a cation-selective pore in the thick ascending limb (TAL). Claudin-16 and claudin-19 mediate paracellular transport of Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the TAL, where the expression of claudin-3/16/19 and claudin-10b are mutually exclusive. The claudin-16 or -19 mutation causes familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. Claudin-14 polymorphisms have been linked to increased risk of hypercalciuria. Claudin-10b mutations produce HELIX syndrome, which encompasses hypohidrosis, electrolyte imbalance, lacrimal gland dysfunction, ichthyosis, and xerostomia. Hypercalciuria and magnesuria in metabolic acidosis are related to downregulation of PT and TAL claudins. In the TAL, stimulation of calcium-sensing receptors upregulates claudin-14 and negatively acts on the claudin-16/19 complex. Claudin-3 acts as a general barrier to ions in the collecting duct. If this barrier is disturbed, urine acidification might be impaired. Claudin-7 forms a nonselective paracellular channel facilitating Cl– and Na+ reabsorption in the collecting ducts. Claudin-4 and -8 serve as anion channels and mediate paracellular Cl– transport; their upregulation may contribute to pseudohypoaldosteronism II and salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chor ho Jo
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sua Kim
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheun-Ho Kim
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Gheun-Ho Kim Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea. E-mail:
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6
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Li Z, Zhang J, Halbgebauer S, Chandrasekar A, Rehman R, Ludolph A, Boeckers T, Huber-Lang M, Otto M, Roselli F, Heuvel FO. Differential effect of ethanol intoxication on peripheral markers of cerebral injury in murine blunt traumatic brain injury. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkab027. [PMID: 34604393 PMCID: PMC8484207 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Blood-based biomarkers have proven to be a reliable measure of the severity and outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in both murine models and patients. In particular, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament light (NFL) and S100 beta (S100B) have been investigated in the clinical setting post-injury. Ethanol intoxication (EI) remains a significant comorbidity in TBI, with 30–40% of patients having a positive blood alcohol concentration post-TBI. The effect of ethanol on blood-based biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of TBI remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of EI on NSE, NFL and S100B and their correlation with blood–brain barrier integrity in a murine model of TBI. Methods We used ultra-sensitive single-molecule array technology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods to measure NFL, NSE, S100B and claudin-5 concentrations in plasma 3 hours post-TBI. Results We showed that NFL, NSE and S100B were increased at 3 hours post-TBI. Interestingly, ethanol blood concentrations showed an inverse correlation with NSE but not with NFL or S100B. Claudin-5 levels were increased post-injury but no difference was detected compared to ethanol pretreatment. The increase in claudin-5 post-TBI was correlated with NFL but not with NSE or S100B. Conclusions Ethanol induces an effect on biomarker release in the bloodstream that is different from TBI not influenced by alcohol. This could be the basis of investigations into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Li
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Halbgebauer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Akila Chandrasekar
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rida Rehman
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias Boeckers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital, ZBMF - Helmhotzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Olde Heuvel
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, ZBMF - Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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7
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Wang Y, Niu A, Pan Y, Cao S, Terker AS, Wang S, Fan X, Toth CL, Ramirez Solano MA, Michell DL, Contreras D, Allen RM, Zhu W, Sheng Q, Fogo AB, Vickers KC, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Profile of Podocyte Translatome During Development of Type 2 and Type 1 Diabetic Nephropathy Using Podocyte-Specific TRAP mRNA RNA-seq. Diabetes 2021; 70:2377-2390. [PMID: 34233930 PMCID: PMC8576501 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury is important in development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although several studies have reported single-cell-based RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of podocytes in type 1 DN (T1DN), the podocyte translating mRNA profile in type 2 DN (T2DN) has not previously been compared with that of T1DN. We analyzed the podocyte translatome in T2DN in podocin-Cre; Rosa26fsTRAP; eNOS-/-; db/db mice and compared it with that of streptozotocin-induced T1DN in podocin-Cre; Rosa26fsTRAP; eNOS-/- mice using translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) and RNA-seq. More than 125 genes were highly enriched in the podocyte ribosome. More podocyte TRAP genes were differentially expressed in T2DN than in T1DN. TGF-β signaling pathway genes were upregulated, while MAPK pathway genes were downregulated only in T2DN, while ATP binding and cAMP-mediated signaling genes were downregulated only in T1DN. Genes regulating actin filament organization and apoptosis increased, while genes regulating VEGFR signaling and glomerular basement membrane components decreased in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic podocytes. A number of diabetes-induced genes not previously linked to podocyte injury were confirmed in both mouse and human DN. On the basis of differences and similarities in the podocyte translatome in T2DN and T1DN, investigators can identify factors underlying the pathophysiology of DN and novel therapeutic targets to treat diabetes-induced podocyte injury.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Podocytes/pathology
- Protein Biosynthesis/genetics
- Proteome/analysis
- Proteome/genetics
- Proteome/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Seq
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Streptozocin
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Aolei Niu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Yu Pan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Shirong Cao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Andrew S Terker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Cynthia L Toth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Marisol A Ramirez Solano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Danielle L Michell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Danielle Contreras
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Ryan M Allen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Quanhu Sheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
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8
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Tesch F, Siegerist F, Hay E, Artelt N, Daniel C, Amann K, Zimmermann U, Kavvadas P, Grisk O, Chadjichristos C, Endlich K, Chatziantoniou C, Endlich N. Super-resolved local recruitment of CLDN5 to filtration slits implicates a direct relationship with podocyte foot process effacement. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7631-7641. [PMID: 34156149 PMCID: PMC8358871 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Under healthy conditions, foot processes of neighbouring podocytes are interdigitating and connected by an electron‐dense slit diaphragm. Besides slit diaphragm proteins, typical adherens junction proteins are also found to be expressed at this cell‐cell junction. It is therefore considered as a highly specialized type of adherens junction. During podocyte injury, podocyte foot processes lose their characteristic 3D structure and the filtration slits typical meandering structure gets linearized. It is still under debate how this change of structure leads to the phenomenon of proteinuria. Using super‐resolution 3D‐structured illumination microscopy, we observed a spatially restricted up‐regulation of the tight junction protein claudin‐5 (CLDN5) in areas where podocyte processes of patients suffering from minimal change disease (MCD), focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) as well as in murine nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis and uninephrectomy DOCA‐salt hypertension models, were locally injured. CLDN5/nephrin ratios in human glomerulopathies and NTS‐treated mice were significantly higher compared to controls. In patients, the CLDN5/nephrin ratio is significantly correlated with the filtration slit density as a foot process effacement marker, confirming a direct association of local CLDN5 up‐regulation in injured foot processes. Moreover, CLDN5 up‐regulation was observed in some areas of high filtration slit density, suggesting that CLND5 up‐regulation preceded the changes of foot processes. Therefore, CLDN5 could serve as a biomarker predicting early foot process effacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Tesch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Siegerist
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eleonora Hay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Nadine Artelt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Zimmermann
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Grisk
- Institute for Physiology, Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | | | - Karlhans Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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9
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Rosas-Martínez L, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Namorado-Tonix MDC, Missirlis F, Del Valle-Mondragón L, Sánchez-Mendoza A, Reyes-Sánchez JL, Cervantes-Pérez LG. Hyperglycemic levels in early stage of diabetic nephropathy affect differentially renal expression of claudins-2 and -5 by oxidative stress. Life Sci 2021; 268:119003. [PMID: 33417957 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.119003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study attempts to elicit whether the level of hyperglycemia in an early stage of diabetic nephropathy changes the renal expression of claudins-2 and -5 and to determine the involvement of glucose-induced oxidative stress. MAIN METHODS Streptozotocin-induced type-1 and type-2 diabetic (DM1, DM2)-rat models were used. At 14-week old, the rats were placed in metabolic cages to evaluate proteinuria, creatinine clearance, and electrolyte excretion. Proximal tubules and glomeruli were isolated and analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Renal oxidative stress and metalloproteinase activities were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS We found that claudin-5 expression in glomeruli and claudin-2 expression in proximal tubules were significantly reduced in DM1 versus DM2 model, paralleling with higher proteinuria and loss of sodium and potassium reabsorption, increased malondialdehyde levels, but lower antioxidant capacity in both models. Enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and-9 was increased in both diabetic groups versus control being higher in DM1 than DM2, suggesting higher claudin's degradation. SIGNIFICANCE The level of hyperglycemia determines the time-dependent progression to diabetic nephropathy; hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress parallels an increase in metalloproteinases (MMPs) activities consequently affecting the integrity of claudin-2 and -5 in glomerulus and proximal tubule. Our results suggest that chronic high-glycemia levels in early stages of diabetic nephropathy decrease expression of claudins-2 and -5, increase oxidative stress, and induce MMP-activity faster than chronic middle-glycemia levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rosas-Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - María Del Carmen Namorado-Tonix
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fanis Missirlis
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Leonardo Del Valle-Mondragón
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Mendoza
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José L Reyes-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV-IPN, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Luz Graciela Cervantes-Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Seccion XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
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10
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Brunner N, Stein L, Cornelius V, Knittel R, Fallier-Becker P, Amasheh S. Blood-Brain Barrier Protein Claudin-5 Expressed in Paired Xenopus laevis Oocytes Mediates Cell-Cell Interaction. Front Physiol 2020; 11:857. [PMID: 32848831 PMCID: PMC7396581 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin-5 determines the sealing properties of blood-brain barrier tight junctions and its function is impaired in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders. Focusing on the contribution of claudin-5 to the trans-interaction within the tight junction seal, we used Xenopus laevis oocytes as an expression system. Cells were clustered and challenged in a novel approach for the analysis of claudin interaction. We evaluated the strengthening effect of claudin-5 to cell-cell-connection in comparison to claudin-3. Application of a hydrostatic pressure impulse on clustered control oocyte pairs revealed a reduction of contact areas. In contrast, combinations with both oocytes expressing claudins maintained an enhanced connection between the cells (cldn5-cldn5, cldn3-cldn3). Strength of interaction was increased by both claudin-3 and claudin-5. This novel approach allowed an analysis of single claudins contributing to tight junction integrity, characterizing homophilic and hetrophilic trans-interaction of claudins. To test a new screening approach for barrier effectors, exemplarily, this 2-cell model of oocytes was used to analyze the effect of the absorption enhancer sodium caprate on the oocyte pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Brunner
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Stein
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valeria Cornelius
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ria Knittel
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Petra Fallier-Becker
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Salah Amasheh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Molina-Jijón E, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, González-Ramírez R, Namorado-Tónix C, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Reyes JL. Aldosterone signaling regulates the over-expression of claudin-4 and -8 at the distal nephron from type 1 diabetic rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177362. [PMID: 28493961 PMCID: PMC5426686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in diabetes alters tight junction (TJ) proteins in the kidney. We evaluated the participation of aldosterone (ALD), and the effect of spironolactone (SPL), a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, on the expressions of claudin-2, -4, -5 and -8, and occludin in glomeruli, proximal and distal tubules isolated from diabetic rats. Type 1 diabetes was induced in female Wistar rats by a single tail vein injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and SPL was administrated daily by gavage, from days 3–21. Twenty-one days after STZ injection the rats were sacrificed. In diabetic rats, the serum ALD levels were increased, and SPL-treatment did not have effect on these levels or in hyperglycemia, however, proteinuria decreased in SPL-treated diabetic rats. Glomerular damage, evaluated by nephrin and Wilm’s tumor 1 (WT1) protein expressions, and proximal tubular damage, evaluated by kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim-1) and heat shock protein 72 kDa (Hsp72) expressions, were ameliorated by SPL. Also, SPL prevented decrement in claudin-5 in glomeruli, and claudin-2 and occludin in proximal tubules by decreasing oxidative stress, evaluated by superoxide anion (O2●―) production, and oxidative stress markers. In distal tubules, SPL ameliorated increase in mRNA, protein expression, and phosphorylation in threonine residues of claudin-4 and -8, through a serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1), and with-no-lysine kinase 4 (WNK4) signaling pathway. In conclusion, this is the first study that demonstrates that ALD modulates the expression of renal TJ proteins in diabetes, and that the blockade of its actions with SPL, may be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent alterations of TJ proteins in diabetic nephropathy.
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MESH Headings
- Aldosterone/metabolism
- Animals
- Claudin-4/metabolism
- Claudins/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Female
- Hyperglycemia/blood
- Hyperglycemia/drug therapy
- Hyperglycemia/prevention & control
- Immediate-Early Proteins/metabolism
- Kidney Glomerulus/drug effects
- Kidney Glomerulus/pathology
- Kidney Tubules/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules/pathology
- Models, Biological
- Natriuresis/drug effects
- Nephrons/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Potassium/blood
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proteinuria/blood
- Proteinuria/complications
- Proteinuria/drug therapy
- Proteinuria/prevention & control
- Rats, Wistar
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Spironolactone/pharmacology
- Spironolactone/therapeutic use
- Tight Junctions/drug effects
- Tight Junctions/metabolism
- Weight Loss/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Molina-Jijón
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, México
- Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre el Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIIEMAD-IPN), Mexico City, México
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, México
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, Dr. Manuel Gea González, General Hospital, Mexico City, México
| | - Carmen Namorado-Tónix
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, México
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, México
| | - Jose L. Reyes
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, México
- * E-mail:
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12
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Kriz W, Lemley KV. Mechanical challenges to the glomerular filtration barrier: adaptations and pathway to sclerosis. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:405-417. [PMID: 27008645 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3358-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes are lost as viable cells by detachment from the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), possibly due to factors such as pressure and filtrate flow. Distension of glomerular capillaries in response to increased pressure is limited by the elastic resistance of the GBM. The endothelium and podocytes adapt to changes in GBM area. The slit diaphragm (SD) seems to adjust by shuttling SD components between the SD and the adjacent foot processes (FPs), resulting in changes in SD area that parallel those in perfusion pressure.Filtrate flow tends to drag podocytes towards the urinary orifice by shear forces, which are highest within the filtration slits. The SD represents an atypical adherens junction, mechanically interconnecting the cytoskeleton of opposing FPs and tending to balance the shear forces.If under pathological conditions, increased filtrate flows locally overtax the attachment of FPs, the SDs are replaced by occluding junctions that seal the slits and the attachment of podocytes to the GBM is reinforced by FP effacement. Failure of these temporary adaptive mechanisms results in a steady process of podocyte detachment due to uncontrolled filtrate flows through bare areas of the GBM and, subsequently, the labyrinthine subpodocyte spaces, presenting as pseudocysts. In our view, shear stress due to filtrate flow-not capillary hydrostatic pressure-is the major challenge to the attachment of podocytes to the GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Kriz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Kevin V Lemley
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Peter A, Fatykhova D, Kershaw O, Gruber AD, Rueckert J, Neudecker J, Toennies M, Bauer TT, Schneider P, Schimek M, Eggeling S, Suttorp N, Hocke AC, Hippenstiel S. Localization and pneumococcal alteration of junction proteins in the human alveolar-capillary compartment. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 147:707-719. [PMID: 28247028 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Loss of alveolar barrier function with subsequent respiratory failure is a hallmark of severe pneumonia. Although junctions between endo- and epithelial cells regulate paracellular fluid flux, little is known about their composition and regulation in the human alveolar compartment. High autofluorescence of human lung tissue in particular complicates the determination of subcellular protein localization. By comparing conventional channel mode confocal imaging with spectral imaging and linear unmixing, we demonstrate that background fluorescent spectra and fluorophore signals could be rigorously separated resulting in complete recovery of the specific signal at a high signal-to-noise ratio. Using this technique and Western blotting, we show the expression patterns of tight junction proteins occludin, ZO-1 as well as claudin-3, -4, -5 and -18 and adherence junction protein VE-cadherin in naive or Streptococcus pneumoniae-infected human lung tissue. In uninfected tissues, occludin and ZO-1 formed band-like structures in alveolar epithelial cells type I (AEC I), alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEC II) and lung capillaries, whereas claudin-3, -4 and -18 were visualised in AEC II. Claudin-5 was detected in the endothelium only. Claudin-3, -5, -18 displayed continuous band-like structures, while claudin-4 showed a dot-like expression. Pneumococcal infection reduced alveolar occludin, ZO-1, claudin-5 and VE-cadherin but did not change the presence of claudin-3, -4 and -18. Spectral confocal microscopy allows for the subcellular structural analysis of proteins in highly autofluorescent human lung tissue. The thereby observed deterioration of lung alveolar junctional organisation gives a structural explanation for alveolar barrier disruption in severe pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department for Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Fatykhova
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Rueckert
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Neudecker
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Toennies
- Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, HELIOS Klinikum Emil von Behring, Walterhöferstrasse 11, 14165, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten T Bauer
- Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, HELIOS Klinikum Emil von Behring, Walterhöferstrasse 11, 14165, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Schneider
- Department for General and Thoracic Surgery, DRK Clinics, Drontheimer Strasse 39-40, 13359, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schimek
- Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit, Klinikum Neukölln, Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Berlin, Rudower Straße 48, 12351, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Eggeling
- Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit, Klinikum Neukölln, Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Berlin, Rudower Straße 48, 12351, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Restricted nutrition-induced low birth weight, low number of nephrons and glomerular mesangium injury in Japanese quail. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2017; 8:287-300. [PMID: 28162133 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174416000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient nutrition during the perinatal period causes structural alterations in humans and experimental animals, leading to increased vulnerability to diseases in later life. Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica, in which partial (8-10%) egg white was withdrawn (EwW) from eggs before incubation had lower birth weights than controls (CTs). EwW birds also had reduced hatching rates, smaller glomeruli and lower embryo weight. In EwW embryos, the surface condensate area containing mesenchymal cells was larger, suggesting that delayed but active nephrogenesis takes place. In mature EwW quail, the number of glomeruli in the cortical region (mm2) was significantly lower (CT 34.7±1.4, EwW 21.0±1.2); capillary loops showed focal ballooning, and mesangial areas were distinctly expanded. Immunoreactive cell junction proteins, N-cadherin and podocin, and slit diaphragms were clearly seen. With aging, the mesangial area and glomerular size continued to increase and were significantly larger in EwW quail, suggesting compensatory hypertrophy. Furthermore, apoptosis measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling analysis was higher in EwWs than in CTs on embryonic day 15 and postnatal day 4 (D4). Similarly, plasma glucocorticoid (corticosterone) was higher (P<0.01) on D4 in EwW quail. These results suggest that although nephrogenic activity is high in low-nutrition quail during the perinatal period, delayed development and increased apoptosis may result in a lower number of mature nephrons. Damaged or incompletely mature mesangium may trigger glomerular injury, leading in later life to nephrosclerosis. The present study shows that birds serve as a model for 'fetal programming,' which appears to have evolved phylogenetically early.
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15
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Muto S. Physiological roles of claudins in kidney tubule paracellular transport. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F9-F24. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00204.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The paracellular pathways in renal tubular epithelia such as the proximal tubules, which reabsorb the largest fraction of filtered solutes and water and are leaky epithelia, are important routes for transepithelial transport of solutes and water. Movement occurs passively via an extracellular route through the tight junction between cells. The characteristics of paracellular transport vary among different nephron segments with leaky or tighter epithelia. Claudins expressed at tight junctions form pores and barriers for paracellular transport. Claudins are from a multigene family, comprising at least 27 members in mammals. Multiple claudins are expressed at tight junctions of individual nephron segments in a nephron segment-specific manner. Over the last decade, there have been advances in our understanding of the structure and functions of claudins. This paper is a review of our current knowledge of claudins, with special emphasis on their physiological roles in proximal tubule paracellular solute and water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeaki Muto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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16
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Ichimura K, Kakuta S, Kawasaki Y, Miyaki T, Nonami T, Miyazaki N, Nakao T, Enomoto S, Arai S, Koike M, Murata K, Sakai T. Morphological process of podocyte development revealed by block-face scanning electron microscopy. J Cell Sci 2016; 130:132-142. [PMID: 27358478 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.187815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes present a unique 3D architecture specialized for glomerular filtration. However, several 3D morphological aspects on podocyte development remain partially understood because they are difficult to reveal using conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Here, we adopted serial block-face SEM imaging, a powerful tool for analyzing the 3D cellular ultrastructure, to precisely reveal the morphological process of podocyte development, such as the formation of foot processes. Development of foot processes gives rise to three morphological states: the primitive, immature and mature foot processes. Immature podocytes were columnar in shape and connected to each other by the junctional complex, which migrated toward the basal side of the cell. When the junctional complex was close to the basement membrane, immature podocytes started to interdigitate with primitive foot processes under the level of junctional complex. As primitive foot processes lengthened, the junctional complex moved between primitive foot processes to form immature foot processes. Finally, the junctional complex was gradually replaced by the slit diaphragm, resulting in the maturation of immature foot processes into mature foot processes. In conclusion, the developmental process of podocytes is now clearly visualized by block-face SEM imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Ichimura
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Center for Biomedical Research Resources, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuto Kawasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyaki
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nonami
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyazaki
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Nakao
- High Voltage Electron Microscope Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Sakiko Enomoto
- High Voltage Electron Microscope Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shigeo Arai
- High Voltage Electron Microscope Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Sakai
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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17
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Gong Y, Sunq A, Roth RA, Hou J. Inducible Expression of Claudin-1 in Glomerular Podocytes Generates Aberrant Tight Junctions and Proteinuria through Slit Diaphragm Destabilization. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:106-117. [PMID: 27151920 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015121324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The tight junction (TJ) has a key role in regulating paracellular permeability to water and solutes in the kidney. However, the functional role of the TJ in the glomerular podocyte is unclear. In diabetic nephropathy, the gene expression of claudins, in particular claudin-1, is markedly upregulated in the podocyte, accompanied by a tighter filtration slit and the appearance of TJ-like structures between the foot processes. However, there is no definitive evidence to show slit diaphragm (SD) to TJ transition in vivo Here, we report the generation of a claudin-1 transgenic mouse model with doxycycline-inducible transgene expression specifically in the glomerular podocyte. We found that induction of claudin-1 gene expression in mature podocytes caused profound proteinuria, and with deep-etching freeze-fracture electron microscopy, we resolved the ultrastructural change in the claudin-1-induced SD-TJ transition. Notably, immunolabeling of kidney proteins revealed that claudin-1 induction destabilized the SD protein complex in podocytes, with significantly reduced expression and altered localization of nephrin and podocin proteins. Mechanistically, claudin-1 interacted with both nephrin and podocin through cis- and trans-associations in cultured cells. Furthermore, the rat puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis model, previously suspected of undergoing SD-TJ transition, exhibited upregulated expression levels of claudin-1 mRNA and protein in podocytes. Together, our data attest to the novel concept that claudins and the TJ have essential roles in podocyte pathophysiology and that claudin interactions with SD components may facilitate SD-TJ transition that appears to be common to many nephrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Gong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Renal Division, .,Department of Cell Biology, Center for Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, and
| | - Abby Sunq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Renal Division.,Department of Cell Biology, Center for Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, and
| | - Robyn A Roth
- Department of Cell Biology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jianghui Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Renal Division, .,Department of Cell Biology, Center for Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, and
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18
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Xu C, Wu X, Hack BK, Bao L, Cunningham PN. TNF causes changes in glomerular endothelial permeability and morphology through a Rho and myosin light chain kinase-dependent mechanism. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/12/e12636. [PMID: 26634902 PMCID: PMC4760430 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A key function of the endothelium is to serve as a regulated barrier between tissue compartments. We have previously shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a crucial role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute kidney injury, in part by causing injury to the renal endothelium through its receptor TNFR1. Here, we report that TNF increased permeability to albumin in primary culture mouse renal endothelial cells, as well as human glomerular endothelial cells. This process occurred in association with changes in the actin cytoskeleton and was associated with gaps between previously confluent cells in culture and decreases in the tight junction protein occludin. This process was dependent on myosin light chain activation, as seen by its prevention with Rho‐associated kinase and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitors. Surprisingly, permeability was not blocked by inhibition of apoptosis with caspase inhibitors. Additionally, we found that the renal glycocalyx, which plays an important role in barrier function, was also degraded by TNF in a Rho and MLCK dependent fashion. TNF treatment caused a decrease in the size of endothelial fenestrae, dependent on Rho and MLCK, although the relevance of this to changes in permeability is uncertain. In summary, TNF‐induced barrier dysfunction in renal endothelial cells is crucially dependent upon the Rho/MLCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley K Hack
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lihua Bao
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Patrick N Cunningham
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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19
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Yaoita E, Nishimura H, Nameta M, Yoshida Y, Takimoto H, Fujinaka H, Kawachi H, Magdeldin S, Zhang Y, Xu B, Oyama T, Nakamura F, Yamamoto T. Avian Podocytes, Which Lack Nephrin, Use Adherens Junction Proteins at Intercellular Junctions. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 64:67-76. [PMID: 26416242 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415611708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrin, a major intercellular junction (ICJ) molecule of mammalian podocytes in the renal glomerulus, is absent in the avian genome. We hypothesized that birds use ICJ molecules other than nephrin in their podocytes. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the possible involvement of adherens junction (AJ) proteins in the ICJs of avian podocytes. We found the AJ proteins N-cadherin and α- and β-catenins in podocytes of quail and chickens but not in those of rats, pigs or humans. The AJ proteins were prominent in avian glomerulus-rich fractions in immunoblot analyses, and in immunofluorescence microscopy analyses, they were localized along glomerular capillary walls appearing in at least two staining patterns: weakly diffuse and distinctly granular. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that the significant accumulation of immunogold particles for the AJ proteins were especially evident in avian slit diaphragms and AJs. Furthermore, N-cadherin was found to be expressed in all nephron cells in the early developmental stage but became confined to podocytes during maturation. These results indicate that avian slit diaphragms clearly express AJ proteins as compared with that in the mammal-where AJ proteins are suppressed to an extremely low level-and that avian podocytes are interconnected by AJs per se in addition to slit diaphragms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eishin Yaoita
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (EY, YY, HT, SM, YZ, BX, TO, FN, TY)
| | - Hiroko Nishimura
- Department of Health Informatics, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan (HN)
| | - Masaaki Nameta
- Cooperative Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan (MN)
| | - Yutaka Yoshida
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (EY, YY, HT, SM, YZ, BX, TO, FN, TY)
| | - Hiroki Takimoto
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (EY, YY, HT, SM, YZ, BX, TO, FN, TY)
| | - Hidehiko Fujinaka
- Institute for Clinical Research, Niigata National Hospital, Niigata, Japan (HF)
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology (HK), Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (EY, YY, HT, SM, YZ, BX, TO, FN, TY)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (EY, YY, HT, SM, YZ, BX, TO, FN, TY)
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (EY, YY, HT, SM, YZ, BX, TO, FN, TY)
| | - Tomizo Oyama
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (EY, YY, HT, SM, YZ, BX, TO, FN, TY)
| | - Fujio Nakamura
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (EY, YY, HT, SM, YZ, BX, TO, FN, TY)
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan (EY, YY, HT, SM, YZ, BX, TO, FN, TY)
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Molina-Jijón E, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Namorado MDC, Bautista-García P, Medina-Campos ON, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Reyes JL. All- trans retinoic acid prevents oxidative stress-induced loss of renal tight junction proteins in type-1 diabetic model. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:441-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Claudins are tight-junction membrane proteins that function as both pores and barriers in the paracellular pathway in epithelial cells. In the kidney, claudins determine the permeability and selectivity of different nephron segments along the renal tubule. In the proximal tubule, claudins have a role in the bulk reabsorption of salt and water. In the thick ascending limb, claudins are important for the reabsorption of calcium and magnesium and are tightly regulated by the calcium-sensing receptor. In the distal nephron, claudins need to form cation barriers and chloride pores to facilitate electrogenic sodium reabsorption and potassium and acid secretion. Aldosterone and the with-no-lysine (WNK) proteins likely regulate claudins to fine-tune distal nephron salt transport. Genetic mutations in claudin-16 and -19 cause familial hypomagnesemic hypercalciuria with nephrocalcinosis, whereas polymorphisms in claudin-14 are associated with kidney stone risk. It is likely that additional roles for claudins in the pathogenesis of other types of kidney diseases have yet to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S L Yu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, and the Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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22
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Trujillo J, Molina-Jijón E, Medina-Campos ON, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Reyes JL, Loredo ML, Tapia E, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Barrera-Oviedo D, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Renal tight junction proteins are decreased in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:520-8. [PMID: 25052570 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.948248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cisplatin (CP) is an antineoplastic agent that induces nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress. It is unknown whether renal tight junction (TJ) proteins expression and localization are modified in CP-induced nephrotoxicity. OBJECTIVE To study if the expression of the TJ proteins occludin, claudin-2, claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) is modified in rats with CP-induced nephrotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 5/group) were injected with saline solution (V group), and the other group (CP group) was injected with a single dose of saline solution and CP (7.5 mg/kg i.p.). Rats were sacrificed 72 h after CP injection and blood, and 24-h urine samples were collected. Several plasma and urinary injury biomarkers as well as renal histopathology lesions, oxidative and nitrosative stress markers were evaluated, and protein levels of ocludin, claudin-2, claudin-5, ZO-1 were measured by Western blot. Statistically significant changes noted with different p < 0.05 versus V. RESULTS Nephrotoxicity was evident by histological alterations, glycosuria, decrease in creatinine clearance, increase in fractional excretion of sodium, serum creatinine and kidney injury molecule-1. These changes were associated with oxidative/nitrosative stress (increased renal abundance of 3-nitrotyrosine and protein kinase Cβ2 and decreased renal expression of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2) and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes. Finally, it was found that CP-induced renal damage was associated with decreased renal expression of occludin and claudin-2. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION CP altered the TJ proteins expression and localization in the proximal tubule that was associated with oxidative/nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Trujillo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) , University City, Mexico D.F. , Mexico
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23
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Magdeldin S, Moresco JJ, Yamamoto T, Yates JR. Off-Line Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography and Auto Sampling Result in Sample Loss in LC/LC-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3826-36. [PMID: 25040086 PMCID: PMC4123945 DOI: 10.1021/pr500530e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale proteomics often employs two orthogonal separation methods to fractionate complex peptide mixtures. Fractionation can involve ion exchange separation coupled to reversed-phase separation or, more recently, two reversed-phase separations performed at different pH values. When multidimensional separations are combined with tandem mass spectrometry for protein identification, the strategy is often referred to as multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT). MudPIT has been used in either an automated (online) or manual (offline) format. In this study, we evaluated the performance of different MudPIT strategies by both label-free and tandem mass tag (TMT) isobaric tagging. Our findings revealed that online MudPIT provided more peptide/protein identifications and higher sequence coverage than offline platforms. When employing an off-line fractionation method with direct loading of samples onto the column from an eppendorf tube via a high-pressure device, a 5.3% loss in protein identifications is observed. When off-line fractionated samples are loaded via an autosampler, a 44.5% loss in protein identifications is observed compared with direct loading of samples onto a triphasic capillary column. Moreover, peptide recovery was significantly lower after offline fractionation than in online fractionation. Signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, however, was not significantly altered between experimental groups. It is likely that offline sample collection results in stochastic peptide loss due to noncovalent adsorption to solid surfaces. Therefore, the use of the offline approaches should be considered carefully when processing minute quantities of valuable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Magdeldin
- Department
of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research
Institute, 10550 North
Torrey Pines Road, SR11, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department
of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Graduate School
of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata
University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
- Department
of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - James J. Moresco
- Department
of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research
Institute, 10550 North
Torrey Pines Road, SR11, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department
of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology, Graduate School
of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata
University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - John R. Yates
- Department
of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research
Institute, 10550 North
Torrey Pines Road, SR11, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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24
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Molina-Jijón E, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Namorado MDC, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Reyes JL. Oxidative stress induces claudin-2 nitration in experimental type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:162-75. [PMID: 24726862 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal complications in diabetes are severe and may lead to renal insufficiency. Early alterations in tight junction (TJ) proteins in diabetic nephropathy (DN) have not been explored and the role of oxidative stress in their disassembly has been poorly characterized. We investigated the expression and distribution of TJ proteins: claudin-5 in glomeruli (GL), occludin and claudin-2 in proximal tubules (PTs), and ZO-1 and claudin-1, -4, and -8 in distal tubules (DTs) of rats 21 days after streptozotocin injection. Redox status along the nephron segments was evaluated. Diabetes increased kidney injury molecule-1 expression. Expression of sodium glucose cotransporters (SGLT1 and SGLT2) and facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT2) was induced. Increased oxidative stress was present in GL and PTs and to a lesser extent in DTs (measured by superoxide production and PKCβ2 expression), owing to NADPH oxidase activation and uncoupling of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent pathway. Claudin-5, occludin, and claudin-2 expression was decreased, whereas claudin-4 and -8 expression increased. ZO-1 was redistributed from membrane to cytosol. Increased nitration of tyrosine residues in claudin-2 was found, which might contribute to decrement of this protein in proximal tubule. In contrast, occludin was not nitrated. We suggest that loss of claudin-2 is associated with increased natriuresis and that loss of glomerular claudin-5 might explain early presence of proteinuria. These findings suggest that oxidative stress is related to alterations in TJ proteins in the kidney that are relevant to the pathogenesis and progression of DN and for altered sodium regulation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Molina-Jijón
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México, DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México, DF 07360, Mexico
| | - María del Carmen Namorado
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México, DF 07360, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510 University City, DF, Mexico
| | - José L Reyes
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México, DF 07360, Mexico.
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25
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Expression of tight junction protein claudin-1 in human crescentic glomerulonephritis. Int J Nephrol 2014; 2014:598670. [PMID: 24868462 PMCID: PMC4020360 DOI: 10.1155/2014/598670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of crescent forming cells in human glomerulonephritis (GN) remains unknown. Some animal studies demonstrated that parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule (PECs) were the main component of proliferating cells and PEC-specific tight junction protein claudin-1 was expressed in crescentic lesions. We investigated the expression of claudin-1 in human GN. Immunohistochemistry for claudin-1 was performed on 17 kidney biopsy samples with crescent formation. Colocalization of claudin-1 with intracellular tight junction protein ZO-1 was also evaluated by immunofluorescence double staining. Claudin-1 is expressed mainly at the cell to cell contact site of proliferating cells in cellular crescentic lesions in patients with these forms of human GN. Small numbers of crescent forming cells showed extrajunctional localization of claudin-1. Colocalization of claudin-1 with ZO-1 was found at cell to cell contact sites of adjacent proliferating cells. In control samples, staining of claudin-1 was positive in PECs, but not in podocytes. Our findings suggest that claudin-1 contributes to crescent formation as a component of the tight junction protein complex that includes ZO-1. Co-localization of claudin-1 with ZO-1 implies the formation of functional tight junction complexes in crescentic lesions to prevent the interstitial damage caused by penetration of filtered molecules from Bowman's space.
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Yaoita E, Yoshida Y, Nameta M, Zhang Y, Fujinaka H, Magdeldin S, Xu B, Yamamoto T. Heparin increasing podocyte-specific gene expressions. Nephrology (Carlton) 2014; 19:195-201. [DOI: 10.1111/nep.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eishin Yaoita
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshida
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Masaaki Nameta
- Cooperative Laboratory of Electron Microscopy; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Hidehiko Fujinaka
- Institute for Clinical Research; Niigata National Hospital; Niigata Japan
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Suez Canal University; Ismailia Egypt
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Structural Pathology, Institute of Nephrology; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Niigata Japan
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27
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PodNet, a protein-protein interaction network of the podocyte. Kidney Int 2013; 84:104-15. [PMID: 23552858 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between proteins crucially determine cellular structure and function. Differential analysis of the interactome may help elucidate molecular mechanisms during disease development; however, this analysis necessitates mapping of expression data on protein-protein interaction networks. These networks do not exist for the podocyte; therefore, we built PodNet, a literature-based mouse podocyte network in Cytoscape format. Using database protein-protein interactions, we expanded PodNet to XPodNet with enhanced connectivity. In order to test the performance of XPodNet in differential interactome analysis, we examined podocyte developmental differentiation and the effect of cell culture. Transcriptomes of podocytes in 10 different states were mapped on XPodNet and analyzed with the Cytoscape plugin ExprEssence, based on the law of mass action. Interactions between slit diaphragm proteins are most significantly upregulated during podocyte development and most significantly downregulated in culture. On the other hand, our analysis revealed that interactions lost during podocyte differentiation are not regained in culture, suggesting a loss rather than a reversal of differentiation for podocytes in culture. Thus, we have developed PodNet as a valuable tool for differential interactome analysis in podocytes, and we have identified established and unexplored regulated interactions in developing and cultured podocytes.
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Abstract
Claudins are tight junction membrane proteins that are expressed in epithelia and endothelia and form paracellular barriers and pores that determine tight junction permeability. This review summarizes our current knowledge of this large protein family and discusses recent advances in our understanding of their structure and physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Günzel
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Abstract
Claudins are tight junction membrane proteins that regulate paracellular permeability of renal epithelia to small ions, solutes, and water. Claudins interact within the cell membrane and between neighboring cells to form tight junction strands and constitute both the paracellular barrier and the pore. The first extracellular domain of claudins is thought to be the pore-lining domain and contains the determinants of charge selectivity. Multiple claudins are expressed in different nephron segments; such differential expression likely determines the permeability properties of each segment. Recent evidence has identified claudin-2 as constituting the cation-reabsorptive pathway in the proximal tubule; claudin-14, -16, and -19 as forming a complex that regulates calcium transport in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle; and claudin-4, -7, and -8 as determinants of collecting duct chloride permeability. Mutations in claudin-16 and -19 cause familial hypercalciuric hypomagnesemia with nephrocalcinosis. The roles of other claudins in kidney diseases remain to be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Hou
- Renal Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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30
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Claudin-5 as an immunohistochemical marker for angiosarcoma and hemangioendotheliomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2012; 35:1848-56. [PMID: 21959309 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e318229a401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Claudin-5 is a tight junction protein expressed in endothelial cells and in some epithelial cells. It has been shown as a marker in canine angiosarcoma; however, data on human mesenchymal tumors are limited. In this study, we examined claudin-5 in selected normal tissues, in 280 benign and malignant vascular tumors, and in 448 other epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuroectodermal tumors. Early human embryos showed limited claudin-5 expression in endothelia of large truncal vessels, in liver sinusoids, and in the epidermis. In adult human tissues, claudin-5 was widely present in the endothelia of vessels of different calibers. However, neovascular capillaries in carcinomas and other tumors were often negative. Claudin-5 was also present in many glandular and ductal epithelia, hair shafts, and glomerular podocytes. Capillary and cavernous hemangiomas and lymphangiomas generally showed endothelial positivity; however, many vessels, especially those with poorly formed lumina, were negative in juvenile capillary hemangiomas, and fewer vessels were highlighted in lobular capillary hemangiomas. Hemangioendotheliomas of retiform, kaposiform, epithelioid, and epithelioid sarcoma-like types showed positivity, the latter in a diffuse cytoplasmic manner. Most angiosarcomas (115 of 119) and Kaposi sarcomas (28 of 29) showed strong labeling, but rare cases only contained positive cytoplasmic dots. Claudin-5 was commonly present in carcinomas (except in sarcomatoid ones), but most tumors showed heterogenous labeling weaker than that in angiosarcomas. Seminomas and renal cell, hepatocellular, and signet ring cell carcinomas were negative. Among non-vascular mesenchymal tumors, biphasic synovial sarcoma was the only tumor to contain claudin-5-positive nonvascular elements. In hemangiopericytomas, glomus tumor, and melanomas, claudin-5 was expressed in endothelial cells only. Claudin-5 is a promising new marker for angiosarcomas and hemangioendotheliomas, but widespread expression in carcinomas and biphasic synovial sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis and addressed with the use of an antibody panel including keratins, especially the more epithelial-specific AE1/AE3 and epithelial membrane antigen.
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