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Liu X, Li Y, Huang L, Kuang Y, Wu X, Ma X, Zhao B, Lan J. Unlocking the therapeutic potential of P2X7 receptor: a comprehensive review of its role in neurodegenerative disorders. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1450704. [PMID: 39139642 PMCID: PMC11319138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1450704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), an ATP-gated ion channel, has emerged as a crucial player in neuroinflammation and a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders. This review explores the current understanding of P2X7R's structure, activation, and physiological roles, focusing on its expression and function in microglial cells. The article examines the receptor's involvement in calcium signaling, microglial activation, and polarization, as well as its role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The review highlights the complex nature of P2X7R signaling, discussing its potential neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects depending on the disease stage and context. It also addresses the development of P2X7R antagonists and their progress in clinical trials, identifying key research gaps and future perspectives for P2X7R-targeted therapy development. By providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge and future directions, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians interested in exploring the therapeutic potential of targeting P2X7R for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liting Huang
- Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingyan Kuang
- Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Wu
- Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangqiong Ma
- Henan Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Lan
- Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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An J, Yang H, Park SM, Chwae YJ, Joe EH. The LRRK2-G2019S mutation attenuates repair of brain injury partially by reducing the release of osteopontin-containing monocytic exosome-like vesicles. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 197:106528. [PMID: 38740348 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain injury has been suggested as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, defects in the brain's intrinsic capacity to repair injury may result in the accumulation of damage and a progressive loss of brain function. The G2019S (GS) mutation in LRRK2 (leucine rich repeat kinase 2) is the most prevalent genetic alteration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we sought to investigate how this LRRK2-GS mutation affects repair of the injured brain. METHODS Brain injury was induced by stereotaxic injection of ATP, a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) component, into the striatum of wild-type (WT) and LRRK2-GS mice. Effects of the LRRK2-GS mutation on brain injury and the recovery from injury were examined by analyzing the molecular and cellular behavior of neurons, astrocytes, and monocytes. RESULTS Damaged neurons express osteopontin (OPN), a factor associated with brain repair. Following ATP-induced damage, monocytes entered injured brains, phagocytosing damaged neurons and producing exosome-like vesicles (EVs) containing OPN through activation of the inflammasome and subsequent pyroptosis. Following EV production, neurons and astrocytes processes elongated towards injured cores. In LRRK2-GS mice, OPN expression and monocytic pyroptosis were decreased compared with that in WT mice, resulting in diminished release of OPN-containing EVs and attenuated elongation of neuron and astrocyte processes. In addition, exosomes prepared from injured LRRK2-GS brains induced neurite outgrowth less efficiently than those from injured WT brains. CONCLUSIONS The LRRK2-GS mutation delays repair of injured brains through reduced expression of OPN and diminished release of OPN-containing EVs from monocytes. These findings suggest that the LRRK2-GS mutation may promote the development of PD by delaying the repair of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei An
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Haijie Yang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Chwae
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Haley SA, O'Hara BA, Schorl C, Atwood WJ. JCPyV infection of primary choroid plexus epithelial cells reduces expression of critical junctional proteins and increases expression of barrier disrupting inflammatory cytokines. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0062824. [PMID: 38874395 PMCID: PMC11302677 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00628-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The human polyomavirus, JCPyV, establishes a lifelong persistent infection in the peripheral organs of a majority of the human population worldwide. Patients who are immunocompromised due to underlying infections, cancer, or to immunomodulatory treatments for autoimmune disease are at risk for developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) when the virus invades the CNS and infects macroglial cells in the brain parenchyma. It is not yet known how the virus enters the CNS to cause disease. The blood-choroid plexus barrier is a potential site of virus invasion as the cells that make up this barrier are known to be infected with virus both in vivo and in vitro. To understand the effects of virus infection on these cells we challenged primary human choroid plexus epithelial cells with JCPyV and profiled changes in host gene expression. We found that viral infection induced the expression of proinflammatory chemokines and downregulated junctional proteins essential for maintaining blood-CSF and blood-brain barrier function. These data contribute to our understanding of how JCPyV infection of the choroid plexus can modulate the host cell response to neuroinvasive pathogens. IMPORTANCE The human polyomavirus, JCPyV, causes a rapidly progressing demyelinating disease in the CNS of patients whose immune systems are compromised. JCPyV infection has been demonstrated in the choroid plexus both in vivo and in vitro and this highly vascularized organ may be important in viral invasion of brain parenchyma. Our data show that infection of primary choroid plexus epithelial cells results in increased expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines and downregulation of critical junctional proteins that maintain the blood-CSF barrier. These data have direct implications for mechanisms used by JCPyV to invade the CNS and cause neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A. Haley
- Department of Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Bethany A. O'Hara
- Department of Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Christoph Schorl
- Department of Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Walter J. Atwood
- Department of Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Zieger K, Cao C, Engele J. Evaluating CXCL12 for Effects on Reactive Gene Expression in Primary Astrocytes. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:57. [PMID: 38802573 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Upon injury to the CNS, astrocytes undergo morphological and functional changes commonly referred to as astrocyte reactivity. Notably, these reactive processes include altered expression of factors that control immune processes and neuronal survival, as well as increased expression of the CXCL12 receptor, CXCR7/ACKR3. We now asked whether these events are related in that the astrocytic CXCL12 system modulates immune responses and/or neuronal survival. Short-term exposure of astrocytes cultured from the postnatal rat cortex to CXCL12 prominently increased the expression of serpine1/PAI1 on the mRNA level, but showed either no or only minor effects on the expression of additional reactive genes, selected from previous array studies. CXCL12-induced increases in PAI1 protein levels were only detectable in the additional presence of chemokines/cytokines, suggesting that translation of serpine1 mRNA depends on the cooperation of various factors. As expected, expression of most of the selected genes increased after acute or chronic activation of astrocytes with either LPS or a combination of IL-1β and TNFα. CXCL12 partially attenuated expression of some of the LPS and IL-1β/TNFα-induced genes under acute conditions, in particular those encoding CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CCL5. Taken together, these findings argue for the involvement of the astrocyte CXCL12 system in the control of the immune response of the injured CNS, where it may control distinct steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Zieger
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carolina Cao
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Engele
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Shkundin A, Halaris A. IL-8 (CXCL8) Correlations with Psychoneuroimmunological Processes and Neuropsychiatric Conditions. J Pers Med 2024; 14:488. [PMID: 38793070 PMCID: PMC11122344 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8), an essential CXC chemokine, significantly influences psychoneuroimmunological processes and affects neurological and psychiatric health. It exerts a profound effect on immune cell activation and brain function, suggesting potential roles in both neuroprotection and neuroinflammation. IL-8 production is stimulated by several factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) known to promote inflammation and disease progression. Additionally, CXCL8 gene polymorphisms can alter IL-8 production, leading to potential differences in disease susceptibility, progression, and severity across populations. IL-8 levels vary among neuropsychiatric conditions, demonstrating sensitivity to psychosocial stressors and disease severity. IL-8 can be detected in blood circulation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, making it a promising candidate for a broad-spectrum biomarker. This review highlights the need for further research on the diverse effects of IL-8 and the associated implications for personalized medicine. A thorough understanding of its complex role could lead to the development of more effective and personalized treatment strategies for neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelos Halaris
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
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Zheng H, Liu Q, Zhou S, Luo H, Zhang W. Role and therapeutic targets of P2X7 receptors in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345625. [PMID: 38370420 PMCID: PMC10869479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), a non-selective cation channel modulated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), localizes to microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons in the central nervous system, with the most incredible abundance in microglia. P2X7R partake in various signaling pathways, engaging in the immune response, the release of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, cell division, and programmed cell death. When neurodegenerative diseases result in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, ATP activates the P2X7R. This activation induces the release of biologically active molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases, reactive oxygen species, and excitotoxic glutamate/ATP. Subsequently, this leads to neuroinflammation, which exacerbates neuronal involvement. The P2X7R is essential in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This implies that it has potential as a drug target and could be treated using P2X7R antagonists that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. This review will comprehensively and objectively discuss recent research breakthroughs on P2X7R genes, their structural features, functional properties, signaling pathways, and their roles in neurodegenerative diseases and possible therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Zheng
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siwei Zhou
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongliang Luo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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He B, Niu L, Li S, Li H, Hou Y, Li A, Zhang X, Hao H, Song H, Cai R, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Sustainable inflammatory activation following spinal cord injury is driven by thrombin-mediated dynamic expression of astrocytic chemokines. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:85-100. [PMID: 38042209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) always results in sustainable recruitment of inflammatory cells driven by sequentially generated chemokines, thereby eliciting excessive neuroinflammation. However, the underlying mechanism of temporally produced chemokines remains elusive. Reactive astrocytes are known to be the main sources of chemokines at the lesion site, which can be immediately activated by thrombin following SCI. In the present study, SCI was shown to induce a sequential production of chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 from astrocytes, which were associated with a persistent infiltration of macrophages/microglia. The rapidly induced CCL2 and later induced CCL5 from astrocytes were regulated by thrombin at the damaged tissues. Investigation of the regulatory mechanism revealed that thrombin facilitated astrocytic CCL2 production through activation of ERK/JNK/NFκB pathway, whereas promoted CCL5 production through PLCβ3/NFκB and ERK/JNK/NFκB signal pathway. Inhibition of thrombin activity significantly decreased production of astrocytic CCL2 and CCL5, and reduced the accumulation of macrophages/microglia at the lesion site. Accordingly, the locomotor function of rats was remarkably improved. The present study has provided a new regulatory mechanism on thrombin-mediated sequential production of astrocytic chemokines, which might be beneficial for clinical therapy of CNS neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqiang He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Niu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shaolan Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yuxuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Aicheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Huifei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Honghua Song
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Rixin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Patil V, Bohara R, Krishna Kanala V, McMahon S, Pandit A. Models and approaches to comprehend and address glial inflammation following spinal cord injury. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103722. [PMID: 37482236 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) culminates in chronic inflammation and glial scar formation driven by the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Current anti-inflammatory strategies to treat glial activation associated with SCI have several limitations. Existing in vitro and ex vivo models studying molecular mechanisms associated with inflammation focus only on the acute phase. However, the progression of glial cell-derived inflammation over the acute-to-chronic phases has not been assessed. Understanding this progression will help establish a framework for evaluating therapeutic strategies. Additionally, new models could be useful as high-throughput screening (HTS) platforms. This review aims to highlight currently available models and future methods that could facilitate screening of novel therapeutics for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Patil
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Raghvendra Bohara
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Vijaya Krishna Kanala
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Siobhan McMahon
- Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Chen J, Hong J, Li C, Zeng Y, Xie M, Zhang X, Wen H. Changes in gene expression and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of rats with poststroke cognitive impairment. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:883-896. [PMID: 37012665 PMCID: PMC10484197 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231157922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) often occurs during the stroke recovery period and greatly increases the difficulty of rehabilitation. Activation of neuroinflammation and long-term changes in gene expression patterns in the hippocampus could be essential in the development of PSCI. Therefore, this study aimed to identify neuroinflammation and changes in gene expression patterns in the hippocampus in rats with PSCI. Rats underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) or sham surgery. The infarct volume was measured on day 3 after surgery. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to assess cognitive function. Microglial activation and white matter (WM) lesions in the hippocampus were evaluated on day 28 after surgery. In addition, we compared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hippocampus between tMCAO group rats and sham group rats by RNA sequencing. Then, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses were conducted to investigate these DEGs. The results showed that the tMCAO group rats showed extensive infarction and cognitive dysfunction compared with the sham group rats. Microglial activation and WM damage were obvious in the hippocampus of tMCAO group rats. We found 43 DEGs by RNA sequencing: 29 genes with upregulated expression and 14 genes with downregulated expression. The GO analysis indicated that DEGs were mainly involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, cholesterol synthesis, and metabolism. The KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the DEGs were significantly enriched in intestinal immune network for IgA production and steroid biosynthesis. Acta2, Calb2, and Cxcl12 were notable in the PPI analysis. Our results suggest that microglial activation and WM damage are maintained in rats with PSCI. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of steroid biosynthesis, intestinal immunity, and potential key genes such as Acta2, Calb2, and Cxcl12 in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chao Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mengshu Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Wen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
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Xiong T, Yang K, Zhao T, Zhao H, Gao X, You Z, Fan C, Kang X, Yang W, Zhuang Y, Chen Y, Dai J. Multifunctional Integrated Nanozymes Facilitate Spinal Cord Regeneration by Remodeling the Extrinsic Neural Environment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205997. [PMID: 36646515 PMCID: PMC9982579 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation create a complicated extrinsic neural environment that dominates the initial post-injury period after spinal cord injury (SCI). The compensatory pathways between ROS and inflammation limited the efficacy of modulating the above single treatment regimen after SCI. Here, novel "nanoflower" Mn3 O4 integrated with "pollen" IRF-5 SiRNA was designed as a combination antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatment after SCI. The "nanoflower" and "pollen" structure was encapsulated with a neutrophil membrane for protective and targeted delivery. Furthermore, valence-engineered nanozyme Mn3 O4 imitated the cascade response of antioxidant enzymes with a higher substrate affinity compared to natural antioxidant enzymes. Nanozymes effectively catalyzed ROS to generate O2 , which is advantageous for reducing oxidative stress and promoting angiogenesis. The screened "pollen" IRF-5 SiRNA could reverse the inflammatory phenotype by reducing interferon regulatory factors-5 (IRF-5) expression (protein level: 73.08% and mRNA level: 63.10%). The decreased expression of pro-inflammatory factors reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells, resulting in less neural scarring. In SCI rats, multifunctional nanozymes enhanced the proliferation of various neuronal subtypes (motor neurons, interneurons, and sensory neurons) and the recovery of locomotor function, demonstrating that the remodeling of the extrinsic neural environment is a promising strategy to facilitate nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandi Xiong
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
| | - Keni Yang
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
| | - Tongtong Zhao
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
| | - Xu Gao
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
| | - Zhifeng You
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
| | - Caixia Fan
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
| | - Xinyi Kang
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano BionicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface ResearchDivision of NanobiomedicineSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development BiologyInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
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Rouchka EC, de Almeida C, House RB, Daneshmand JC, Chariker JH, Saraswat-Ohri S, Gomes C, Sharp M, Shum-Siu A, Cesarz GM, Petruska JC, Magnuson DS. Construction of a searchable database for gene expression changes in spinal cord injury experiments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526630. [PMID: 36778366 PMCID: PMC9915599 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating disease resulting in an estimated 18,000 new cases in the United States on an annual basis. Significant behavioral research on animal models has led to a large amount of data, some of which has been catalogued in the Open Data Commons for Spinal Cord Injury (ODC-SCI). More recently, high throughput sequencing experiments have been utilized to understand molecular mechanisms associated with SCI, with nearly 6,000 samples from over 90 studies available in the Sequence Read Archive. However, to date, no resource is available for efficiently mining high throughput sequencing data from SCI experiments. Therefore, we have developed a protocol for processing RNA-Seq samples from high-throughput sequencing experiments related to SCI resulting in both raw and normalized data that can be efficiently mined for comparisons across studies as well as homologous discovery across species. We have processed 1,196 publicly available RNA-seq samples from 50 bulk RNA-Seq studies across nine different species, resulting in an SQLite database that can be used by the SCI research community for further discovery. We provide both the database as well as a web-based front-end that can be used to query the database for genes of interest, differential gene expression, genes with high variance, and gene set enrichments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Rouchka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Kentucky IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (KY INBRE) Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 522 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY USA 40202
- Bioinformatics Program, School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Carlos de Almeida
- Translational Neuroscience Program, School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Randi B. House
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jonah C. Daneshmand
- Bioinformatics Program, School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Julia H. Chariker
- Kentucky IDeA Networks of Biomedical Research Excellence (KY INBRE) Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 522 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY USA 40202
- Department of Neuroscience Training, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Sujata Saraswat-Ohri
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Cynthia Gomes
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Morgan Sharp
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Alice Shum-Siu
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Greta M. Cesarz
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jeffrey C. Petruska
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - David S.K. Magnuson
- Translational Neuroscience Program, School of Interdisciplinary and Graduate Studies, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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12
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Zhao J, Guan K, Xing J. Construction and evaluation of an aging-associated genes-based model for pancreatic adenocarcinoma prognosis and therapies. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2023; 37:3946320231172072. [PMID: 37072128 PMCID: PMC10127222 DOI: 10.1177/03946320231172072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a highly malignant tumor. Despite extensive research, the precise role of aging-related genes in the initiation, microenvironment regulation, and progression of PAAD remains unclear.Methods: Patients with PAAD were selected from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts and the cell senescence-associated genes were obtained from CellAge. ConsensusClusterPlus was utilized for cluster identification. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was performed to construct a prognosis prediction model.Results: We identified three clusters (C1, C2, and C3) based on aging-associated gene profiles. The C1 cluster had a shorter overall survival time, advanced clinical grades, lower immune ESTIMATE score, and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score than the C3 subgroup. Moreover, signaling pathways for cell cycle activation were enriched in the C1 cluster. We also identified eight hub genes and constructed a risk model. The high cellular senescence-related signature (CSRS) score subtype exhibited poor prognosis, advanced clinical grades, M2 macrophage infiltration, higher immune checkpoint gene expression, and lower immunotherapeutic benefits.Conclusion: Our risk score model shows high prediction accuracy and survival prediction ability in individual clinical prognosis and pre-immunotherapy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Chin
| | - Kelei Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Chin
| | - Jiyuan Xing
- Infectious Diseases Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Marangon D, Castro e Silva JH, Lecca D. Neuronal and Glial Communication via Non-Coding RNAs: Messages in Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010470. [PMID: 36613914 PMCID: PMC9820657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been increasingly recognized as essential players in cell communication in many organs and systems, including the central nervous system (CNS). A proper interaction between neural cells is fundamental in the regulation of neurophysiological processes and its alteration could induce several pathological phenomena, such as neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and demyelination. EVs contain and transfer complex molecular cargoes typical of their cells of origin, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and metabolites to recipient cells. EVs are also enriched in non-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNA), which were formerly considered as cell-intrinsic regulators of CNS functions and pathologies, thus representing a new layer of regulation in the cell-to-cell communication. In this review, we summarize the most recent and advanced studies on the role of EV-derived ncRNAs in the CNS. First, we report the potential of neural stem cell-derived ncRNAs as new therapeutic tools for neurorepair. Then, we discuss the role of neuronal ncRNAs in regulating glia activation, and how alteration in glial ncRNAs influences neuronal survival and synaptic functions. We conclude that EV-derived ncRNAs can act as intercellular signals in the CNS to either propagate neuroinflammatory waves or promote reparative functions.
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14
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Soltani Khaboushan A, Pahlevan-Fallahy MT, Shobeiri P, Teixeira AL, Rezaei N. Cytokines and chemokines profile in encephalitis patients: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273920. [PMID: 36048783 PMCID: PMC9436077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encephalitis is caused by autoimmune or infectious agents marked by brain inflammation. Investigations have reported altered concentrations of the cytokines in encephalitis. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between encephalitis and alterations of cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. METHODS We found possibly suitable studies by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, systematically from inception to August 2021. 23 articles were included in the meta-analysis. To investigate sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. The protocol of the study has been registered in PROSPERO with a registration ID of CRD42021289298. RESULTS A total of 23 met our eligibility criteria to be included in the meta-analysis. A total of 12 cytokines were included in the meta-analysis of CSF concentration. Moreover, 5 cytokines were also included in the serum/plasma concentration meta-analysis. According to the analyses, patients with encephalitis had higher CSF amounts of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CXCL10, and TNF-α than healthy controls. The alteration in the concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL13, and IFN-γ was not significant. In addition, the serum/plasma levels of the TNF-α were increased in encephalitis patients, but serum/plasma concentration of the IL-6, IL-10, CXCL10, and CXCL13 remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides evidence for higher CSF concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CXCL10, and TNF-α in encephalitis patients compared to controls. The diagnostic and prognostic value of these cytokines and chemokines should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Soltani Khaboushan
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Taha Pahlevan-Fallahy
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Non–Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antônio L. Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Mesquida-Veny F, Martínez-Torres S, Del Rio JA, Hervera A. Nociception-Dependent CCL21 Induces Dorsal Root Ganglia Axonal Growth via CCR7-ERK Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880647. [PMID: 35911704 PMCID: PMC9331658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While chemokines were originally described for their ability to induce cell migration, many studies show how these proteins also take part in many other cell functions, acting as adaptable messengers in the communication between a diversity of cell types. In the nervous system, chemokines participate both in physiological and pathological processes, and while their expression is often described on glial and immune cells, growing evidence describes the expression of chemokines and their receptors in neurons, highlighting their potential in auto- and paracrine signalling. In this study we analysed the role of nociception in the neuronal chemokinome, and in turn their role in axonal growth. We found that stimulating TRPV1+ nociceptors induces a transient increase in CCL21. Interestingly we also found that CCL21 enhances neurite growth of large diameter proprioceptors in vitro. Consistent with this, we show that proprioceptors express the CCL21 receptor CCR7, and a CCR7 neutralizing antibody dose-dependently attenuates CCL21-induced neurite outgrowth. Mechanistically, we found that CCL21 binds locally to its receptor CCR7 at the growth cone, activating the downstream MEK-ERK pathway, that in turn activates N-WASP, triggering actin filament ramification in the growth cone, resulting in increased axonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francina Mesquida-Veny
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Torres
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Del Rio
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Hervera
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Arnau Hervera,
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16
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Nebie O, Buée L, Blum D, Burnouf T. Can the administration of platelet lysates to the brain help treat neurological disorders? Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:379. [PMID: 35750991 PMCID: PMC9243829 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and brain traumatic insults are characterized by complex overlapping pathophysiological alterations encompassing neuroinflammation, alterations of synaptic functions, oxidative stress, and progressive neurodegeneration that eventually lead to irreversible motor and cognitive dysfunctions. A single pharmacological approach is unlikely to provide a complementary set of molecular therapeutic actions suitable to resolve these complex pathologies. Recent preclinical data are providing evidence-based scientific rationales to support biotherapies based on administering neurotrophic factors and extracellular vesicles present in the lysates of human platelets collected from healthy donors to the brain. Here, we present the most recent findings on the composition of the platelet proteome that can activate complementary signaling pathways in vivo to trigger neuroprotection, synapse protection, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and neurorestoration. We also report experimental data where the administration of human platelet lysates (HPL) was safe and resulted in beneficial neuroprotective effects in established rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and stroke. Platelet-based biotherapies, prepared from collected platelet concentrates (PC), are emerging as a novel pragmatic and accessible translational therapeutic strategy for treating neurological diseases. Based on this assumption, we further elaborated on various clinical, manufacturing, and regulatory issues that need to be addressed to ensure the ethical supply, quality, and safety of HPL preparations for treating neurodegenerative and traumatic pathologies of the CNS. HPL made from PC may become a unique approach for scientifically based treatments of neurological disorders readily accessible in low-, middle-, and high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouada Nebie
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, 59045, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, LiCEND, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, 59045, Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, LiCEND, 59000, Lille, France
- NeuroTMULille International Laboratory, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, 59045, Lille, France.
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, LiCEND, 59000, Lille, France.
- NeuroTMULille International Laboratory, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.
- NeuroTMULille International Laboratory, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- NeuroTMULille International Laboratory, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- International PhD Program in Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Jiang Y, Guo J, Tang X, Wang X, Hao D, Yang H. The Immunological Roles of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:881162. [PMID: 35669779 PMCID: PMC9163387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating type of neurological disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with high mortality and disability. The pathological processes of SCI can usually be described as two stages, namely, primary and acute secondary injuries. Secondary injury produces more significant exacerbations of the initial injury. Among all the mechanisms of secondary damage, infection and inflammatory responses, as the principle culprits in initiating the second phase of SCI, can greatly contribute to the severity of SCI and numerous sequelae after SCI. Therefore, effectively antagonizing pro-inflammatory responses may be a promising treatment strategy to facilitate functional recovery after SCI. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), a unique type of glial cells, have increasingly become potential candidates for cell-based therapy in the injured CNS. Strikingly, there is growing evidence that the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory role of OECs are associated with the immune properties and secretory functions of these cells responsible for anti-neuroinflammation and immunoregulatory effects, leading to maintenance of the internal microenvironment. Accordingly, a more profound understanding of the mechanism of OEC immunological functions in the treatment of SCI would be beneficial to improve the therapeutic clinical applications of OECs for SCI. In this review, we mainly summarize recent research on the cellular and molecular immune attributes of OECs. The unique biological functions of these cells in promoting neural regeneration are discussed in relation of the development of novel therapies for CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Jiang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiangwen Tang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Basic Medical School Academy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Yang,
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18
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Demirci Y, Heger G, Katkat E, Papatheodorou I, Brazma A, Ozhan G. Brain Regeneration Resembles Brain Cancer at Its Early Wound Healing Stage and Diverges From Cancer Later at Its Proliferation and Differentiation Stages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:813314. [PMID: 35223842 PMCID: PMC8868567 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.813314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent type of brain cancers and characterized by continuous proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion and dedifferentiation, which are also among the initiator and sustaining factors of brain regeneration during restoration of tissue integrity and function. Thus, brain regeneration and brain cancer should share more molecular mechanisms at early stages of regeneration where cell proliferation dominates. However, the mechanisms could diverge later when the regenerative response terminates, while cancer cells sustain proliferation. To test this hypothesis, we exploited the adult zebrafish that, in contrast to the mammals, can efficiently regenerate the brain in response to injury. By comparing transcriptome profiles of the regenerating zebrafish telencephalon at its three different stages, i.e., 1 day post-lesion (dpl)-early wound healing stage, 3 dpl-early proliferative stage and 14 dpl-differentiation stage, to those of two brain cancers, i.e., low-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma (GBM), we reveal the common and distinct molecular mechanisms of brain regeneration and brain cancer. While the transcriptomes of 1 dpl and 3 dpl harbor unique gene modules and gene expression profiles that are more divergent from the control, the transcriptome of 14 dpl converges to that of the control. Next, by functional analysis of the transcriptomes of brain regeneration stages to LGG and GBM, we reveal the common and distinct molecular pathways in regeneration and cancer. 1 dpl and LGG and GBM resemble with regard to signaling pathways related to metabolism and neurogenesis, while 3 dpl and LGG and GBM share pathways that control cell proliferation and differentiation. On the other hand, 14 dpl and LGG and GBM converge with respect to developmental and morphogenetic processes. Finally, our global comparison of gene expression profiles of three brain regeneration stages, LGG and GBM exhibit that 1 dpl is the most similar stage to LGG and GBM while 14 dpl is the most distant stage to both brain cancers. Therefore, early convergence and later divergence of brain regeneration and brain cancer constitutes a key starting point in comparative understanding of cellular and molecular events between the two phenomena and development of relevant targeted therapies for brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Demirci
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Esra Katkat
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Irene Papatheodorou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory–European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alvis Brazma
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory–European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Gunes Ozhan,
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19
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Zhang L, Lu C, Kang L, Li Y, Tang W, Zhao D, Yu S, Liu R. Temporal characteristics of astrocytic activation in the TNC in a mice model of pain induced by recurrent dural infusion of inflammatory soup. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:8. [PMID: 35033010 PMCID: PMC8903672 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-021-01382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocytic activation might play a significant role in the central sensitization of chronic migraine (CM). However, the temporal characteristics of the astrocytic activation in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) and the molecular mechanism under the process remain not fully understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the duration and levels change of astrocytic activation and to explore the correlation between astrocytic activation and the levels change of cytokines release. Methods We used a mice model induced by recurrent dural infusion of inflammatory soup (IS). The variation with time of IS-induced mechanical thresholds in the periorbital and hind paw plantar regions were evaluated using the von Frey filaments test. We detected the expression profile of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the TNC through immunofluorescence staining and western blot assay. We also investigated the variation with time of the transcriptional levels of GFAP and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) through RNAscope in situ hybridization analysis. Then, we detected the variation with time of cytokines levels in the TNC tissue extraction and serum, including c-c motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), c-c motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), c-c motif chemokine ligand 7 (CCL7), c-c motif chemokine ligand 12 (CCL12), c-x-c motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), c-x-c motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 17A (IL-17A). Results Recurrent IS infusion resulted in cutaneous allodynia in both the periorbital region and hind paw plantar, ranging from 5 d (after the second IS infusion) to 47 d (28 d after the last infusion) and 5 d to 26 d (7 d after the last infusion), respectively. The protein levels of GFAP and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of GFAP and Iba1 significantly increased and sustained from 20 d to 47 d (1 d to 28 d after the last infusion), which was associated with the temporal characteristics of astrocytic activation in the TNC. The CCL7 levels in the TNC decreased from 20 d to 47 d. But the CCL7 levels in serum only decreased on 20 d (1 d after the last infusion). The CCL12 levels in the TNC decreased on 22 d (3 d after the last infusion) and 33 d (14 d after the last infusion). In serum, the CCL12 levels only decreased on 22 d. The IL-10 levels in the TNC increased on 20 d. Conclusions Our results indicate that the astrocytic activation generated and sustained in the IS-induced mice model from 1 d to 28 d after the last infusion and may contribute to the pathology through modulating CCL7, CCL12, and IL-10 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Lu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Kang
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingji Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengfa Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruozhuo Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
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Salvador AFM, Kipnis J. Immune response after central nervous system injury. Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101629. [PMID: 35753867 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic injuries of the central nervous system (CNS) affect millions of people worldwide, and they can lead to severely damaging consequences such as permanent disability and paralysis. Multiple factors can obstruct recovery after CNS injury. One of the most significant is the progressive neuronal death that follows the initial mechanical impact, leading to the loss of undamaged cells via a process termed secondary neurodegeneration. Efforts to define treatments that limit the spread of damage, while important, have been largely ineffectual owing to gaps in the mechanistic understanding that underlies the persisting neuronal cell death. Inflammation, with its influx of immune cells that occurs shortly after injury, has been associated with secondary neurodegeneration. However, the role of the immune system after CNS injury is far more complex. Studies have indicated that the immune response after CNS injury is detrimental, owing to immune cell-produced factors (e.g., pro-inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, neurotoxic glutamate) that worsen tissue damage. Our lab and others have also demonstrated the beneficial immune response that occurs after CNS injury, with the release of growth factors such as brain-derived growth factor (BDNF) and interleukin (IL-10) and the clearance of apoptotic and myelin debris by immune cells1-4. In this review, we first discuss the multifaceted roles of the immune system after CNS injury. We then speculate on how advancements in single-cell RNA technologies can dramatically change our understanding of the immune response, how the spinal cord meninges serve as an important site for hosting immunological processes critical for recovery, and how the origin of peripherally recruited immune cells impacts their function in the injured CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Francesca M Salvador
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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21
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Yu SS, Li ZY, Xu XZ, Yao F, Luo Y, Liu YC, Cheng L, Zheng MG, Jing JH. M1-type microglia can induce astrocytes to deposit chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1072-1079. [PMID: 34558535 PMCID: PMC8552861 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.324858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), astrocytes gradually migrate to and surround the lesion, depositing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix and forming astrocytic scar, which limits the spread of inflammation but hinders axon regeneration. Meanwhile, microglia gradually accumulate at the lesion border to form microglial scar and can polarize to generate a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype or an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. However, the effect of microglia polarization on astrocytes is unclear. Here, we found that both microglia (CX3CR1+) and astrocytes (GFAP+) gathered at the lesion border at 14 days post-injury (dpi). The microglia accumulated along the inner border of and in direct contact with the astrocytes. M1-type microglia (iNOS+CX3CR1+) were primarily observed at 3 and 7 dpi, while M2-type microglia (Arg1+CX3CR1+) were present at larger numbers at 7 and 14 dpi. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) was highly expressed in M1 microglia in vitro, consistent with strong expression of TGFβ1 by microglia in vivo at 3 and 7 dpi, when they primarily exhibited an M1 phenotype. Furthermore, conditioned media from M1-type microglia induced astrocytes to secrete chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in vitro. This effect was eliminated by knocking down sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) in astrocytes and could not be reversed by treatment with TGFβ1. Taken together, our results suggest that microglia undergo M1 polarization and express high levels of TGFβ1 at 3 and 7 dpi, and that M1-type microglia induce astrocytes to deposit chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan via the TGFβ1/SOX9 pathway. The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Anhui Medical University, China (approval No. LLSC20160052) on March 1, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Sheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xin-Zhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan-Chang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mei-Ge Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jue-Hua Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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22
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Wang Y, Yang Z, Wang Q, Ren Y, Wang Q, Li Z. Bavachin exerted anti-neuroinflammatory effects by regulation of A20 ubiquitin-editing complex. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108085. [PMID: 34454289 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a major pathophysiological contributor to the progression of the central nervous system disorders. Bavachin is a natural product belonging to the flavonoid class. The anti-neuroinflammatory effect and the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we found bavachin can exert anti-neuroinflammatory effect via inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. We found that bavachin can obviously upregulate the expression of A20 (TNFAIP3) in microglial cells. Further studies suggested siRNA-A20 knockdown treatment can attenuate the inhibitory effects of bavachin on neuroinflammation. We further found bavachin can increase the interaction of ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 complex including A20, Tax1-binding protein 1 (TAX1BP1) and Itch, the subsequently downregulated the K63-ubiquitination of TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and NF-κB signaling pathway. Altogether, our results indicated that bavachin exerted anti-neuroinflammatory effects through inhibition of NF-κB signaling mediated by regulation of ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 complex. Our finding has important clinical significance for the potential application of bavachin in the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qingchen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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23
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Jorda A, Aldasoro M, Aldasoro C, Valles SL. Inflammatory Chemokines Expression Variations and Their Receptors in APP/PS1 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1051-1060. [PMID: 34397415 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer's disease (AD), an increase in inflammation is distinctive. Amyloid precursor protein plus presenilin-1 (APP/PS1 mice) is a model for this illness. Chemokines secreted by central nervous system (CNS) cells could play multiple important roles in AD. Data looking for the chemokines involved in inflammatory mechanisms are lacking. To understand the changes that occur in the inflammation process in AD, it is necessary to improve strategies to act on specific inflammatory targets. OBJECTIVE Chemokines and their receptors involved in phagocytosis, demyelination, chemotaxis, and coagulation were the objective of our study. METHODS Female APPswe/PS1 double-transgenic mice (B6C3-Tg) were used and cortex brain from 20-22-month-old mice obtained and used to quantify chemokines and chemokine receptors expression using RT-PCR technique. RESULTS Significant inflammatory changes were detected in APP/PS1 compared to wild type mice. CCR1, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR9 were elevated, and CCR2 were decreased compared with wild type mice. Their ligands CCL7, CCL11, CCL17, CCL22, CCL25, and CXCL4 showed an increase expression; however, changes were not observed in CCL2 in APP/PS1 compared to wild type mice. CONCLUSION This change in expression could explain the differences between AD patients and elderly people without this illness. This would provide a new strategy for the treatment of AD, with the possibility to act in specific inflammatory targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Jorda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain.,Faculty of Surgery and Chiropody, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Aldasoro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Constanza Aldasoro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Soraya L Valles
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
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24
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Abstract
The damage or loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons accounts for the visual functional defects observed after traumatic injury, in degenerative diseases such as glaucoma, or in compressive optic neuropathies such as from optic glioma. By using optic nerve crush injury models, recent studies have revealed the cellular and molecular logic behind the regenerative failure of injured RGC axons in adult mammals and suggested several strategies with translational potential. This review summarizes these findings and discusses challenges for developing clinically applicable neural repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Williams
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Larry I Benowitz
- Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94303, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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25
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Chung Y, Lee H. Correlation between Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes using non-negative matrix factorization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15265. [PMID: 34315930 PMCID: PMC8316581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease that can be affected by various genetic factors. Although the cause of AD is not yet known and there is no treatment to cure this disease, its progression can be delayed. AD has recently been recognized as a brain-specific type of diabetes called type 3 diabetes. Several studies have shown that people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a higher risk of developing AD. Therefore, it is important to identify subgroups of patients with AD that may be more likely to be associated with T2D. We here describe a new approach to identify the correlation between AD and T2D at the genetic level. Subgroups of AD and T2D were each generated using a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) approach, which generated clusters containing subsets of genes and samples. In the gene cluster that was generated by conventional gene clustering method from NMF, we selected genes with significant differences in the corresponding sample cluster by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn-test. Subsequently, we extracted differentially expressed gene (DEG) subgroups, and candidate genes with the same regulation direction can be extracted at the intersection of two disease DEG subgroups. Finally, we identified 241 candidate genes that represent common features related to both AD and T2D, and based on pathway analysis we propose that these genes play a role in the common pathological features of AD and T2D. Moreover, in the prediction of AD using logistic regression analysis with an independent AD dataset, the candidate genes obtained better prediction performance than DEGs. In conclusion, our study revealed a subgroup of patients with AD that are associated with T2D and candidate genes associated between AD and T2D, which can help in providing personalized and suitable treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonwoo Chung
- grid.61221.360000 0001 1033 9831School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea.
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26
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Gonzalez-Rothi EJ, Tadjalli A, Allen LL, Ciesla MC, Chami ME, Mitchell GS. Protocol-Specific Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia Pre-Conditioning on Phrenic Motor Plasticity in Rats with Chronic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1292-1305. [PMID: 33446048 PMCID: PMC8182475 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
"Low-dose" acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH; 3-15 episodes/day) is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy to improve motor function after incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI). Conversely, chronic "high-dose" intermittent hypoxia (CIH; > 80-100 episodes/day) elicits multi-system pathology and is a hallmark of sleep apnea, a condition highly prevalent in individuals with cSCI. Whereas daily AIH (dAIH) enhances phrenic motor plasticity in intact rats, it is abolished by CIH. However, there have been no direct comparisons of prolonged dAIH versus CIH on phrenic motor outcomes after chronic cSCI. Thus, phrenic nerve activity and AIH-induced phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) were assessed in anesthetized rats. Experimental groups included: 1) intact rats exposed to 28 days of normoxia (Nx28; 21% O2; 8 h/day), and three groups with chronic C2 hemisection (C2Hx) exposed to either: 2) Nx28; 3) dAIH (dAIH28; 10, 5-min episodes of 10.5% O2/day; 5-min intervals); or 4) CIH (IH28-2/2; 2-min episodes; 2-min intervals; 8 h/day). Baseline ipsilateral phrenic nerve activity was reduced in injured versus intact rats but unaffected by dAIH28 or IH28-2/2. There were no group differences in contralateral phrenic activity. pLTF was enhanced bilaterally by dAIH28 versus Nx28 but unaffected by IH28-2/2. Whereas dAIH28 enhanced pLTF after cSCI, it did not improve baseline phrenic output. In contrast, unlike shorter protocols in intact rats, CIH28-2/2 did not abolish pLTF in chronic C2Hx. Mechanisms of differential responses to dAIH versus CIH are not yet known, particularly in the context of cSCI. Further, it remains unclear whether enhanced phrenic motor plasticity can improve breathing after cSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arash Tadjalli
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Latoya L. Allen
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marissa C. Ciesla
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mohamad El Chami
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gordon S. Mitchell
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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27
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Pandey GN, Rizavi HS, Bhaumik R, Zhang H. Chemokines gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of depressed suicide victims and normal control subjects. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 94:266-273. [PMID: 33571631 PMCID: PMC8231709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of neuroinflammation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression and suicide. This is primarily based on the observation that cytokines, which are major inflammatory molecules and play an important role in depression and suicide, are increased in both serum and in postmortem brain of depressed and suicidal subjects. Another class of immune mediators are chemokines which are primarily involved in chemotactic properties and trafficking of immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Chemokines also play an important role in CNS function. Whereas chemokines have been studied in the serum of depressed and suicidal patients, their role in brain of depressed or suicidal subjects is relatively unexplored. We studied the gene expression of several chemokines in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) obtained from depressed suicidal (DS) and normal control (NC) subjects. We determined the mRNA expression of several chemokines belonging to CXCL and CCL groups of chemokines using qPCR array technique and qPCR gene expression validation in 24 DS and 24 NC subjects. The postmortem brain samples were obtained from the Maryland Brain Collection. We found that the mRNA expression of chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3 and CCL2 was significantly decreased in the PFC of DS compared with NC subjects. No significant change was observed in CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL10, CCL8 and CCL19 between DS and NC subjects. Since many of the chemokines are involved in mediating certain important CNS functions, such as neurotrophic effect, neurogenesis, anti-apoptotic growth factor release, modulation of synaptic transmission, brain development and neuronal loss, decreased levels of chemokines can reduce these functions which may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam N. Pandey
- Corresponding Author: Ghanshyam N. Pandey, Ph.D., University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA, Phone (312) 413-4540, Fax: (312) 413-4547,
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28
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Mankuzhy PD, Ramesh ST, Thirupathi Y, Mohandas PS, Chandra V, Sharma TG. The preclinical and clinical implications of fetal adnexa derived mesenchymal stromal cells in wound healing therapy. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:347-369. [PMID: 33721373 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from fetal adnexa namely amniotic membrane/epithelium, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord have hogged the limelight in recent times, as a proposed alternative to MSCs from conventional sources. These cells which are identified as being in a developmentally primitive state have many advantages, the most important being the non-invasive nature of their isolation procedures, absence of ethical concerns, proliferation potential, differentiation abilities and low immunogenicity. In the present review, we are focusing on the potential preclinical and clinical applications of different cell types of fetal adnexa, in wound healing therapy. We also discuss the isolation-culture methods, cell surface marker expression, multi-lineage differentiation abilities, immune-modulatory capabilities and their homing property. Different mechanisms involved in the wound healing process and the role of stromal cells in therapeutic wound healing are highlighted. Further, we summarize the findings of the cell delivery systems in skin lesion models and paracrine functions of their secretome in the wound healing process. Overall, this holistic review outlines the research findings of fetal adnexa derived MSCs, their usefulness in wound healing therapy in human as well as in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratheesh D Mankuzhy
- Department of Physiology, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Sreekumar T Ramesh
- Department of Physiology, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Yasotha Thirupathi
- Physiology & Climatology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Deemed University), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ponny S Mohandas
- Consultant Gynecologist, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Meditrina Hospital, Ayathil, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Physiology & Climatology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Deemed University), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Taru Guttula Sharma
- Physiology & Climatology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (Deemed University), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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29
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The role of inflammatory mediators in epilepsy: Focus on developmental and epileptic encephalopathies and therapeutic implications. Epilepsy Res 2021; 172:106588. [PMID: 33721708 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the potential involvement of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Specifically, the role of innate immunity (that includes cytokines and chemokines) has been extensively investigated either in animal models of epilepsy and in clinical settings. Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) are a heterogeneous group of epileptic disorders, in which uncontrolled epileptic activity results in cognitive, motor and behavioral impairment. By definition, epilepsy in DEE is poorly controlled by common antiepileptic drugs but may respond to alternative treatments, including steroids and immunomodulatory drugs. In this review, we will focus on how cytokines and chemokines play a role in the pathogenesis of DEE and why expanding our knowledge about the role of neuroinflammation in DEE may be crucial to develop new and effective targeted therapeutic strategies to prevent seizure recurrence and developmental regression.
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30
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Lyu Z, Guo Y, Gong Y, Fan W, Dou B, Li N, Wang S, Xu Y, Liu Y, Chen B, Guo Y, Xu Z, Lin X. The Role of Neuroglial Crosstalk and Synaptic Plasticity-Mediated Central Sensitization in Acupuncture Analgesia. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8881557. [PMID: 33531894 PMCID: PMC7834789 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8881557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pain is regarded as a global public health priority, analgesic therapy remains a significant challenge. Pain is a hypersensitivity state caused by peripheral and central sensitization, with the latter considered the culprit for chronic pain. This study summarizes the pathogenesis of central sensitization from the perspective of neuroglial crosstalk and synaptic plasticity and underlines the related analgesic mechanisms of acupuncture. Central sensitization is modulated by the neurotransmitters and neuropeptides involved in the ascending excitatory pathway and the descending pain modulatory system. Acupuncture analgesia is associated with downregulating glutamate in the ascending excitatory pathway and upregulating opioids, 𝛾-aminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the descending pain modulatory system. Furthermore, it is increasingly appreciated that neurotransmitters, cytokines, and chemokines are implicated in neuroglial crosstalk and associated plasticity, thus contributing to central sensitization. Acupuncture produces its analgesic action by inhibiting cytokines, such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and upregulating interleukin-10, as well as modulating chemokines and their receptors such as CX3CL1/CX3CR1, CXCL12/CXCR4, CCL2/CCR2, and CXCL1/CXCR2. These factors are regulated by acupuncture through the activation of multiple signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling (e.g., the p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase pathways), which contribute to the activation of nociceptive neurons. However, the responses of chemokines to acupuncture vary among the types of pain models, acupuncture methods, and stimulation parameters. Thus, the exact mechanisms require future clarification. Taken together, inhibition of central sensitization modulated by neuroglial plasticity is central in acupuncture analgesia, providing a novel insight for the clinical application of acupuncture analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxi Lyu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yongming Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yinan Gong
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wen Fan
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 5100293, Japan
| | - Baomin Dou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ningcen Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shenjun Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Xiaowei Lin
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Reguilón MD, Ferrer-Pérez C, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Oxytocin reverses ethanol consumption and neuroinflammation induced by social defeat in male mice. Horm Behav 2021; 127:104875. [PMID: 33069753 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) modulates social interactions, attenuates stressful responses and can decrease drug-seeking and taking behaviors. In previous studies, we observed that social defeat (SD) induced a long-lasting increase in ethanol intake and neuroinflammation in male mice. We also know that OXT blocks the increase in cocaine reward induced by SD. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to evaluate the effect of 1 mg/kg of OXT administered 30 min before each episode of SD on ethanol consumption and the neuroinflammatory response in adult male mice. Three weeks after the last SD, mice underwent oral ethanol self-administration (SA) procedure, and striatal levels of the two chemokines CX3CL1 and CXCL12 were measured after the last SD and at the end of the ethanol SA. OXT administration blocked the increase in voluntary ethanol consumption observed in defeated mice, although it did not affect motivation for ethanol. An increase in the striatal levels of CX3CL1 and CXCL12 was observed in defeated animals immediately after the last defeat and after the ethanol SA. However, defeated mice treated with OXT did not show this increase in the neuroinflammatory response. In conclusion, OXT treatment can be a powerful therapeutic target to reduce the negative effects of social stress on ethanol consumption and the neuroinflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Reguilón
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - C Ferrer-Pérez
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Miñarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Mesquida-Veny F, Del Río JA, Hervera A. Macrophagic and microglial complexity after neuronal injury. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 200:101970. [PMID: 33358752 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injuries do not heal properly in contrast to normal tissue repair, in which functional recovery typically occurs. The reason for this dichotomy in wound repair is explained in part by macrophage and microglial malfunction, affecting both the extrinsic and intrinsic barriers to appropriate axonal regeneration. In normal healing tissue, macrophages promote the repair of injured tissue by regulating transitions through different phases of the healing response. In contrast, inflammation dominates the outcome of CNS injury, often leading to secondary damage. Therefore, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this dichotomy is critical to advance in neuronal repair therapies. Recent studies highlight the plasticity and complexity of macrophages and microglia beyond the classical view of the M1/M2 polarization paradigm. This plasticity represents an in vivo continuous spectrum of phenotypes with overlapping functions and markers. Moreover, macrophage and microglial plasticity affect many events essential for neuronal regeneration after injury, such as myelin and cell debris clearance, inflammation, release of cytokines, and trophic factors, affecting both intrinsic neuronal properties and extracellular matrix deposition. Until recently, this complexity was overlooked in the translation of therapies modulating these responses for the treatment of neuronal injuries. However, recent studies have shed important light on the underlying molecular mechanisms of this complexity and its transitions and effects on regenerative events. Here we review the complexity of macrophages and microglia after neuronal injury and their roles in regeneration, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, and we discuss current challenges and future opportunities for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francina Mesquida-Veny
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Del Río
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnau Hervera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
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An J, Yang H, Yang E, Chung S, Kim DY, Jou I, Park SM, Kim BG, Chwae YJ, Joe EH. Dying neurons conduct repair processes in the injured brain through osteopontin expression in cooperation with infiltrated blood monocytes. Glia 2020; 69:1037-1052. [PMID: 33300228 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The brain has an intrinsic capacity to repair injury, but the specific mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we found that, despite their incipient death, damaged neurons play a key repair role with the help of monocytes infiltrated from blood. Monocytes phagocytosed damaged and/or dying neurons that expressed osteopontin (OPN), with possible subsequent activation of their inflammasome pathway, resulting in pyroptosis. During this process, monocytes released CD63-positive exosome-like vesicles containing OPN. Importantly, following the exosome-like vesicles, neuron and astrocyte processes elongated toward the injury core. In addition, exosomes prepared from the injured brain contained OPN, and enhanced neurite outgrowth of cultured neurons in an OPN-dependent manner. Thus, our results introduce the concept that neurons in the injured brain that are destined to die perceive the stressful condition and begin the regeneration processes through induction of OPN, ultimately executing the repair process with the help of monocytes recruited from the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei An
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Haijie Yang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sooyoung Chung
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ilo Jou
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Byung Gon Kim
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Chwae
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, South Korea
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Andrés-Benito P, Povedano M, Domínguez R, Marco C, Colomina MJ, López-Pérez Ó, Santana I, Baldeiras I, Martínez-Yelámos S, Zerr I, Llorens F, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E, Ferrer I. Increased C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid as a Candidate Biomarker in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228680. [PMID: 33213069 PMCID: PMC7698527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons. Biomarkers are useful to facilitate the diagnosis and/or prognosis of patients and to reveal possible mechanistic clues about the disease. This study aimed to identify and validate selected putative biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of sALS patients at early disease stages compared with age-matched controls and with other neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer disease (AD), spinal muscular atrophy type III (SMA), frontotemporal dementia behavioral variant (FTD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). SWATH acquisition on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for protein quantitation, and ELISA for validation, were used in CSF samples of sALS cases at early stages of the disease. Analysis of mRNA and protein expression was carried out in the anterior horn of the lumbar spinal cord in post-mortem tissue of sALS cases (terminal stage) and controls using RTq-PCR, and Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. SWATH acquisition on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed 51 differentially expressed proteins in the CSF in sALS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed CXCL12 to be the most valuable candidate biomarker. We validated the values of CXCL12 in CSF with ELISA in two different cohorts. Besides sALS, increased CXCL12 levels were found in MS but were not altered in AD, SMA, and FTD. Therefore, increased CXCL12 levels in the CSF can be useful in the diagnoses of MS and sALS in the context of the clinical settings. CXCL12 immunoreactivity was localized in motor neurons in control and sALS, and in a few glial cells in sALS at the terminal stage; CXCR4 was in a subset of oligodendroglial-like cells and axonal ballooning of motor neurons in sALS; and CXCR7 in motor neurons in control and sALS, and reactive astrocytes in the pyramidal tracts in terminal sALS. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in the spinal cord probably plays a complex role in inflammation, oligodendroglial and astrocyte signaling, and neuronal and axonal preservation in sALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Andrés-Benito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- International Initiative for Treatment and Research Initiative to Cure ALS (TRICALS), Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.P.); (R.D.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (P.A.-B.); (I.F.); Tel./Fax: +34-94-403-5808 (P.A.-B. & I.F.)
| | - Mònica Povedano
- International Initiative for Treatment and Research Initiative to Cure ALS (TRICALS), Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.P.); (R.D.); (C.M.)
- Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Domínguez
- International Initiative for Treatment and Research Initiative to Cure ALS (TRICALS), Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.P.); (R.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Carla Marco
- International Initiative for Treatment and Research Initiative to Cure ALS (TRICALS), Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.P.); (R.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Maria J. Colomina
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, Bellvitge University Hospital-University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Óscar López-Pérez
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Department, CHUC—Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Neurology Department, CHUC—Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Sergio Martínez-Yelámos
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Llorens
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- IDISNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.F.-I.); (E.S.)
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- International Initiative for Treatment and Research Initiative to Cure ALS (TRICALS), Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.P.); (R.D.); (C.M.)
- Neuropathology, Pathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.A.-B.); (I.F.); Tel./Fax: +34-94-403-5808 (P.A.-B. & I.F.)
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Pawelec P, Ziemka-Nalecz M, Sypecka J, Zalewska T. The Impact of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Axis in Neurological Disorders. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102277. [PMID: 33065974 PMCID: PMC7600611 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) is a transmembrane chemokine expressed by neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). CX3CL1 signals through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, that is expressed in microglia. Within the CNS, fractalkine acts as a regulator of microglia activation in response to brain injury or inflammation. During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the roles that the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway plays in the neuropathology of a diverse array of brain disorders. However, the reported results have proven controversial, indicating that a disruption of the CX3CL1 axis induces a disease-specific microglial response that may have either beneficial or detrimental effects. Therefore, it has become clear that the understanding of neuron-to-glia signals mediated by CX3CL1/CX3CR1 at different stages of diseases could provide new insight into potential therapeutic targets. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a summary of the literature on the emerging role of CX3CL1 in animal models of some brain disorders.
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Huang J, Yang G, Xiong X, Wang M, Yuan J, Zhang Q, Gong C, Qiu Z, Meng Z, Xu R, Chen Q, Chen R, Xie L, Xie Q, Zi W, Jiang G, Zhou Y, Yang Q. Age-related CCL12 Aggravates Intracerebral Hemorrhage-induced Brain Injury via Recruitment of Macrophages and T Lymphocytes. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1103-1115. [PMID: 33014526 PMCID: PMC7505273 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating factors associated with aging have been shown to be involved in the development of age-related chronic and acute brain diseases. Here, we aimed to investigate the roles and mechanisms of CCL12, a circulating factor that is highly expressed in the plasma of aged rodents after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) using parabiosis and ICH models. Neurological deficit score (NDS), mortality rate, brain water content (BWC), and levels of inflammatory factors were determined to assess the degree of ICH-induced brain injury. Peripheral inflammatory cell infiltration was examined using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. After confirming that acute brain injury after ICH was aggravated with age, we found that brain and plasma CCL12 levels were markedly higher in old mice than in young mice after ICH, and that plasma CCL12 was able to enter the brain. Using CCL12-/- mice, we showed that the degree of damage in the brain—as determined by NDS, mortality rate, BWC, levels of inflammatory factors, and numbers of degenerative and apoptotic neural cells and surviving neurons was significantly attenuated compared to that observed in old wild-type (WT) mice. These effects were reversed in CCL12-treated old mice. The detrimental effects caused by CCL12 may involve its ability to recruit macrophages and T cells. Finally, the administration of an anti-CCL12 antibody markedly improved the outcomes of ICH mice. Our results are the first to indicate that elevated peripheral CCL12 levels in old mice aggravates ICH-induced brain injury by recruiting macrophages and T cells. Thus, CCL12 may be a new target for ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xiong
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- 1Central Laboratory, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Junjie Yuan
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Changxiong Gong
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhongming Qiu
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhaoyou Meng
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China.,1Central Laboratory, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Rui Xu
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ru Chen
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Lexing Xie
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qi Xie
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Wenjie Zi
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qingwu Yang
- 1Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, the Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
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Di Battista AP, Churchill N, Rhind SG, Richards D, Hutchison MG. The relationship between symptom burden and systemic inflammation differs between male and female athletes following concussion. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:11. [PMID: 32164571 PMCID: PMC7068899 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-0339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation appears to be an important component of concussion pathophysiology. However, its relationship to symptom burden is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers measured in the blood of male and female athletes following a sport-related concussion (SRC). RESULTS Forty athletes (n = 20 male, n = 20 female) from nine interuniversity sport teams at a single institution provided blood samples within one week of an SRC. Twenty inflammatory biomarkers were quantitated by immunoassay. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool version 5 (SCAT-5) was used to evaluate symptoms. Partial least squares (PLS) analyses were used to evaluate the relationship(s) between biomarkers and symptoms. In males, a positive correlation between interferon (IFN)-γ and symptom severity was observed following SRC. The relationship between IFN-γ and symptoms was significant among all symptom clusters, with cognitive symptoms displaying the largest effect. In females, a significant negative relationship was observed between symptom severity and cytokines IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and myeloperoxidase (MPO); a positive relationship was observed between symptom severity and MCP-4. Inflammatory mediators were significantly associated with all symptom clusters in females; the somatic symptom cluster displayed the largest effect. CONCLUSION These results provide supportive evidence of a divergent relationship between inflammation and symptom burden in male and female athletes following SRC. Future investigations should be cognizant of the potentially sex-specific pathophysiology underlying symptom presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Di Battista
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada.
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Nathan Churchill
- Neuroscience Program, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn G Rhind
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Doug Richards
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada
- David L. MacIntosh Sport Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Hutchison
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada
- David L. MacIntosh Sport Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Li L, Ni L, Heary RF, Elkabes S. Astroglial TLR9 antagonism promotes chemotaxis and alternative activation of macrophages via modulation of astrocyte-derived signals: implications for spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:73. [PMID: 32098620 PMCID: PMC7041103 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recruitment of immune system cells into the central nervous system (CNS) has a profound effect on the outcomes of injury and disease. Glia-derived chemoattractants, including chemokines, play a pivotal role in this process. In addition, cytokines and chemokines influence the phenotype of infiltrating immune cells. Depending on the stimuli present in the local milieu, infiltrating macrophages acquire the classically activated M1 or alternatively activated M2 phenotypes. The polarization of macrophages into detrimental M1 versus beneficial M2 phenotypes significantly influences CNS pathophysiology. Earlier studies indicated that a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) antagonist modulates astrocyte-derived cytokine and chemokine release. However, it is not known whether these molecular changes affect astrocyte-induced chemotaxis and polarization of macrophages. The present studies were undertaken to address these issues. METHODS The chemotaxis and polarization of mouse peritoneal macrophages by spinal cord astrocytes were evaluated in a Transwell co-culture system. Arrays and ELISA were utilized to quantify chemokines in the conditioned medium (CM) of pure astrocyte cultures. Immunostaining for M1- and M2-specific markers characterized the macrophage phenotype. The percentage of M2 macrophages at the glial scar was determined by stereological approaches in mice sustaining a mid-thoracic spinal cord contusion injury (SCI) and intrathecally treated with oligodeoxynucleotide 2088 (ODN 2088), the TLR9 antagonist. Statistical analyses used two-tailed independent-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test. A p value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS ODN 2088-treated astrocytes significantly increased the chemotaxis of peritoneal macrophages via release of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 (CCL1). Vehicle-treated astrocytes polarized macrophages into the M2 phenotype and ODN 2088-treated astrocytes promoted further M2 polarization. Reduced CCL2 and CCL9 release by astrocytes in response to ODN 2088 facilitated the acquisition of the M2 phenotype, suggesting that CCL2 and CCL9 are negative regulators of M2 polarization. The percentage of M2 macrophages at the glial scar was higher in mice sustaining a SCI and receiving ODN 2088 treatment as compared to vehicle-treated injured controls. CONCLUSIONS TLR9 antagonism could create a favorable environment during SCI by supporting M2 macrophage polarization and chemotaxis via modulation of astrocyte-to-macrophage signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Li
- Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 205 South Orange Avenue, F-1204, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
| | - Li Ni
- Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 205 South Orange Avenue, F-1204, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
| | - Robert F. Heary
- Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 205 South Orange Avenue, F-1204, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
| | - Stella Elkabes
- Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 205 South Orange Avenue, F-1204, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
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Fleming T, Balderas-Márquez JE, Epardo D, Ávila-Mendoza J, Carranza M, Luna M, Harvey S, Arámburo C, Martínez-Moreno CG. Growth Hormone Neuroprotection Against Kainate Excitotoxicity in the Retina is Mediated by Notch/PTEN/Akt Signaling. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 60:4532-4547. [PMID: 31675424 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the retina, growth hormone (GH) promotes axonal growth, synaptic restoration, and protective actions against excitotoxicity. Notch signaling pathway is critical for neural development and participates in the retinal neuroregenerative process. We investigated the interaction of GH with Notch signaling pathway during its neuroprotective effect against excitotoxic damage in the chicken retina. Methods Kainate (KA) was used as excitotoxic agent and changes in the mRNA expression of several signaling markers were determined by qPCR. Also, changes in phosphorylation and immunoreactivity were determined by Western blotting. Histology and immunohistochemistry were performed for morphometric analysis. Overexpression of GH was performed in the quail neuroretinal-derived immortalized cell line (QNR/D) cell line. Exogenous GH was administered to retinal primary cell cultures to study the activation of signaling pathways. Results KA disrupted the retinal cytoarchitecture and induced significant cell loss in several retinal layers, but the coaddition of GH effectively prevented these adverse effects. We showed that GH upregulates the Notch signaling pathway during neuroprotection leading to phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathways through downregulation of PTEN. In contrast, cotreatment of GH with the Notch signaling inhibitor, DAPT, prevented its neuroprotective effect against KA. We identified binding sites in Notch1 and Notch2 genes for STAT5. Also, GH prevented Müller cell transdifferentiation and downregulated Sox2, FGF2, and PCNA after cotreatment with KA. Additionally, GH modified TNF receptors immunoreactivity suggesting anti-inflammatory actions. Conclusions Our data indicate that the neuroprotective effects of GH against KA injury in the retina are mediated through the regulation of Notch signaling. Additionally, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fleming
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jerusa E Balderas-Márquez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - David Epardo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - José Ávila-Mendoza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Martha Carranza
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Maricela Luna
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Steve Harvey
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Carlos Arámburo
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Carlos G Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
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Song H, Zhang X, Chen R, Miao J, Wang L, Cui L, Ji H, Liu Y. Cortical Neuron-Derived Exosomal MicroRNA-181c-3p Inhibits Neuroinflammation by Downregulating CXCL1 in Astrocytes of a Rat Model with Ischemic Brain Injury. Neuroimmunomodulation 2019; 26:217-233. [PMID: 31665717 DOI: 10.1159/000502694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cortical neuron-released exosomes have been demonstrated to block inflammasome activation in the central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate whether cortical neuron-released exosomal microRNA-181c-3p (miR-181c-3p) affected ischemic brain injury (IBI). METHODS An IBI rat model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Astrocytes collected from rats were exposed to exosomes derived from cortical neurons to investigate the effect of exosomes on chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) expression and inflammatory response. Then, ectopic expression was induced in astrocytes treated with oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). RESULTS CXCL1 was identified to be an upregulated gene in IBI by microarray-based gene expression profiling. Additionally, upregulation of CXCL1 and promoted inflammatory response was also found in MCAO rats. miR-181c-3p was downregulated in OGD-treated cortical neurons and exosomes derived from OGD-treated cortical neurons. Exosomes derived from OGD-treated cortical neurons decreased the expression of CXCL1 and inflammatory factors in astrocytes, and exosomes delivered miR-181c-3p to decrease CXCL1 expression in astrocytes. CXCL1 was a target gene of miR-181c-3p. Delivery with miR-181c-3p mimic and siRNA against CXCL1 (si-CXCL1) was shown to inhibit inflammation in astrocytes by downregulating CXCL1. CONCLUSION Collectively, exosomal miR-181c-3p derived from cortical neurons exerts protective effects on neuroinflammation in astrocytes via downregulation of CXCL1 in an IBI rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China,
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, China,
| | - Rong Chen
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiangyong Miao
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui Ji
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
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Ceci M, Mariano V, Romano N. Zebrafish as a translational regeneration model to study the activation of neural stem cells and role of their environment. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:45-66. [PMID: 30067512 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The review is an overview of the current knowledge of neuronal regeneration properties in mammals and fish. The ability to regenerate the damaged parts of the nervous tissue has been demonstrated in all vertebrates. Notably, fish and amphibians have the highest capacity for neurogenesis, whereas reptiles and birds are able to only regenerate specific regions of the brain, while mammals have reduced capacity for neurogenesis. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a promising model of study because lesions in the brain or complete cross-section of the spinal cord are followed by an effective neuro-regeneration that successfully restores the motor function. In the brain and the spinal cord of zebrafish, stem cell activity is always able to re-activate the molecular programs required for central nervous system regeneration. In mammals, traumatic brain injuries are followed by reduced neurogenesis and poor axonal regeneration, often insufficient to functionally restore the nervous tissue, while spinal injuries are not repaired at all. The environment that surrounds the stem cell niche constituted by connective tissue and stimulating factors, including pro-inflammation molecules, seems to be a determinant in triggering stem cell proliferation and/or the trans-differentiation of connective elements (mainly fibroblasts). Investigating and comparing the neuronal regeneration in zebrafish and mammals may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind neurogenesis, and the failure of the regenerative response in mammals, first of all, the role of inflammation, considered the main inhibitor of the neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ceci
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, largo dell'Università, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Vittoria Mariano
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicla Romano
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, largo dell'Università, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Milenkovic VM, Stanton EH, Nothdurfter C, Rupprecht R, Wetzel CH. The Role of Chemokines in the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2283. [PMID: 31075818 PMCID: PMC6539240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating condition, whose high prevalence and multisymptomatic nature set its standing as a leading contributor to global disability. To better understand this psychiatric disease, various pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed, including changes in monoaminergic neurotransmission, imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory signaling in the brain, hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and abnormalities in normal neurogenesis. While previous findings led to a deeper understanding of the disease, the pathogenesis of MDD has not yet been elucidated. Accumulating evidence has confirmed the association between chronic inflammation and MDD, which is manifested by increased levels of the C-reactive protein, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin 1 beta, Interleukin 6, and the Tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, recent findings have implicated a related family of cytokines with chemotactic properties, known collectively as chemokines, in many neuroimmune processes relevant to psychiatric disorders. Chemokines are small (8-12 kDa) chemotactic cytokines, which are known to play roles in direct chemotaxis induction, leukocyte and macrophage migration, and inflammatory response propagation. The inflammatory chemokines possess the ability to induce migration of immune cells to the infection site, whereas their homeostatic chemokine counterparts are responsible for recruiting cells for their repair and maintenance. To further support the role of chemokines as central elements to healthy bodily function, recent studies suggest that these proteins demonstrate novel, brain-specific mechanisms including the modulation of neuroendocrine functions, chemotaxis, cell adhesion, and neuroinflammation. Elevated levels of chemokines in patient-derived serum have been detected in individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Furthermore, despite the considerable heterogeneity of experimental samples and methodologies, existing biomarker studies have clearly demonstrated the important role of chemokines in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the data from contemporary experimental and clinical studies, and to evaluate available evidence for the role of chemokines in the central nervous system (CNS) under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In light of recent results, chemokines could be considered as possible peripheral markers of psychiatric disorders, and/or targets for treating depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir M Milenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Neurosciences, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Evan H Stanton
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Neurosciences, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Caroline Nothdurfter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Neurosciences, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Neurosciences, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christian H Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Neurosciences, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Cudré-Cung HP, Remacle N, do Vale-Pereira S, Gonzalez M, Henry H, Ivanisevic J, Schmiesing J, Mühlhausen C, Braissant O, Ballhausen D. Ammonium accumulation and chemokine decrease in culture media of Gcdh -/- 3D reaggregated brain cell cultures. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:416-428. [PMID: 30686684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutaric Aciduria type I (GA-I) is caused by mutations in the GCDH gene. Its deficiency results in accumulation of the key metabolites glutaric acid (GA) and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3-OHGA) in body tissues and fluids. Present knowledge on the neuropathogenesis of GA-I suggests that GA and 3-OHGA have toxic properties on the developing brain. We analyzed morphological and biochemical features of 3D brain cell aggregates issued from Gcdh-/- mice at two different developmental stages, day-in-vitro (DIV) 8 and 14, corresponding to the neonatal period and early childhood. We also induced a metabolic stress by exposing the aggregates to 10 mM l-lysine (Lys). Significant amounts of GA and 3-OHGA were detected in Gcdh-/- aggregates and their culture media. Ammonium was significantly increased in culture media of Gcdh-/- aggregates at the early developmental stage. Concentrations of GA, 3-OHGA and ammonium increased significantly after exposure to Lys. Gcdh-/- aggregates manifested morphological alterations of all brain cell types at DIV 8 while at DIV 14 they were only visible after exposure to Lys. Several chemokine levels were significantly decreased in culture media of Gcdh-/- aggregates at DIV 14 and after exposure to Lys at DIV 8. This new in vitro model for brain damage in GA-I mimics well in vivo conditions. As seen previously in WT aggregates exposed to 3-OHGA, we confirmed a significant ammonium production by immature Gcdh-/- brain cells. We described for the first time a decrease of chemokines in Gcdh-/- culture media which might contribute to brain cell injury in GA-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Phuc Cudré-Cung
- Pediatric Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin de Mont-Paisible 18, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Noémie Remacle
- Pediatric Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin de Mont-Paisible 18, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sonia do Vale-Pereira
- Pediatric Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin de Mont-Paisible 18, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mary Gonzalez
- Pediatric Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin de Mont-Paisible 18, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Hugues Henry
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 19, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jessica Schmiesing
- Department of Biochemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Children's Hospital, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Chris Mühlhausen
- Department of Biochemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Children's Hospital, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Diana Ballhausen
- Pediatric Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin de Mont-Paisible 18, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Martin E, Amar M, Dalle C, Youssef I, Boucher C, Le Duigou C, Brückner M, Prigent A, Sazdovitch V, Halle A, Kanellopoulos JM, Fontaine B, Delatour B, Delarasse C. New role of P2X7 receptor in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:108-125. [PMID: 29934546 PMCID: PMC6756107 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular aggregates of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides, which are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD), act as an essential trigger for glial cell activation and the release of ATP, leading to the stimulation of purinergic receptors, especially the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). However, the involvement of P2X7R in the development of AD is still ill-defined regarding the dual properties of this receptor. Particularly, P2X7R activates the NLRP3 inflammasome leading to the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β; however, P2X7R also induces cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein generating Aβ peptides or the neuroprotective fragment sAPPα. We thus explored in detail the functions of P2X7R in AD transgenic mice. Here, we show that P2X7R deficiency reduced Aβ lesions, rescued cognitive deficits and improved synaptic plasticity in AD mice. However, the lack of P2X7R did not significantly affect the release of IL-1β or the levels of non-amyloidogenic fragment, sAPPα, in AD mice. Instead, our results show that P2X7R plays a critical role in Aβ peptide-mediated release of chemokines, particularly CCL3, which is associated with pathogenic CD8+ T cell recruitment. In conclusion, our study highlights a novel detrimental function of P2X7R in chemokine release and supports the notion that P2X7R may be a promising therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Martin
- Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Majid Amar
- Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Carine Dalle
- Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Ihsen Youssef
- Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Céline Boucher
- Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Duigou
- Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Matthias Brückner
- 0000 0004 0550 9586grid.438114.bCenter of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Max Planck research group Neuroimmunology, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annick Prigent
- Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Sazdovitch
- Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France ,0000 0001 2150 9058grid.411439.aAP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Annett Halle
- 0000 0004 0550 9586grid.438114.bCenter of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Max Planck research group Neuroimmunology, 53175 Bonn, Germany ,0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3Present Address: German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean M. Kanellopoulos
- 0000 0001 2171 2558grid.5842.bInstitut de Biologie Intégrative, I2BC-CNRS 9198, Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Structural Biology, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Bertrand Fontaine
- Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France ,0000 0001 2150 9058grid.411439.aAP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Delatour
- Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Delarasse
- Inserm, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France.
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Assunção-Silva RC, Mendes-Pinheiro B, Patrício P, Behie LA, Teixeira FG, Pinto L, Salgado AJ. Exploiting the impact of the secretome of MSCs isolated from different tissue sources on neuronal differentiation and axonal growth. Biochimie 2018; 155:83-91. [PMID: 30077816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation using Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome have recently been presented as a possible free-based therapy for CNS related disorders. MSC secretome is rich in several bio-factors that act synergically towards the repair of damaged tissues, thus making it an ideal candidate for regenerative applications. Great effort is currently being made to map the molecules that compose the MSC secretome. Previous proteomic characterization of the secretome (in the form of conditioned media - CM) of MSCs derived from adipose tissue (ASC), bone-marrow (BMSC) and umbilical cord (HUCPVC) was performed by our group, where proteins relevant for neuroprotection, neurogenic, neurodifferentiation, axon guidance and growth functions were identified. Moreover, we have found significant differences among the expression of several molecules, which may indicate that their therapeutic outcome might be distinct. Having this in mind, in the present study, the neuroregulatory potential of ASC, BMSC and HUCPVC CM in promoting neurodifferentiation and axonal outgrowth was tested in vitro, using human telencephalon neuroprogenitor cells and dorsal root ganglion explants, respectively. The CM from the three MSC populations induced neuronal differentiation from human neural progenitor cells, as well as neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglion explants. Moreover, all the MSC populations promoted the same extent of neurodifferentiation, while ASC CM demonstrated higher potential in promoting axonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Catarina Assunção-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4701-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; BnML, Behavioral and Molecular Lab, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Bárbara Mendes-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4701-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Patrício
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4701-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; BnML, Behavioral and Molecular Lab, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Leo A Behie
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fábio Gabriel Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4701-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4701-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; BnML, Behavioral and Molecular Lab, Braga, Portugal.
| | - António José Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4701-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Remacle N, Forny P, Cudré-Cung HP, Gonzalez-Melo M, do Vale-Pereira S, Henry H, Teav T, Gallart-Ayala H, Braissant O, Baumgartner M, Ballhausen D. New in vitro model derived from brain-specific Mut-/- mice confirms cerebral ammonium accumulation in methylmalonic aciduria. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 124:266-277. [PMID: 29934063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmalonic aciduria (MMAuria) is an inborn error of metabolism leading to neurological deterioration. In this study, we used 3D organotypic brain cell cultures derived from embryos of a brain-specific Mut-/- (brain KO) mouse to investigate mechanisms leading to brain damage. We challenged our in vitro model by a catabolic stress (temperature shift). RESULTS Typical metabolites for MMAuria as well as a massive NH4+ increase were found in the media of brain KO cultures. We investigated different pathways of intracerebral NH4+ production and found increased expression of glutaminase 2 and diminished expression of GDH1 in Mut-/- aggregates. While all brain cell types appeared affected in their morphological development in Mut-/- aggregates, the most pronounced effects were observed on astrocytes showing swollen fibers and cell bodies. Inhibited axonal elongation and delayed myelination of oligodendrocytes were also noted. Most effects were even more pronounced after 48 h at 39 °C. Microglia activation and an increased apoptosis rate suggested degeneration of Mut-/- brain cells. NH4+ accumulation might be the trigger for all observed alterations. We also found a generalized increase of chemokine concentrations in Mut-/- culture media at an early developmental stage followed by a decrease at a later stage. CONCLUSION We proved for the first time that Mut-/- brain cells are indeed able to produce the characteristic metabolites of MMAuria. We confirmed significant NH4+ accumulation in culture media of Mut-/- aggregates, suggesting that intracellular NH4+ concentrations might even be higher, gave first clues on the mechanisms leading to NH4+ accumulation in Mut-/- brain cells, and showed the involvement of neuroinflammatory processes in the neuropathophysiology of MMAuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Remacle
- Center of Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Forny
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Hong-Phuc Cudré-Cung
- Center of Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Mary Gonzalez-Melo
- Center of Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Sónia do Vale-Pereira
- Center of Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Hugues Henry
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Tony Teav
- Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8032, Switzerland.
| | - Diana Ballhausen
- Center of Molecular Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
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Takahashi A, Nakajima H, Uchida K, Takeura N, Honjoh K, Watanabe S, Kitade M, Kokubo Y, Johnson WEB, Matsumine A. Comparison of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Isolated from Murine Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1126-1139. [PMID: 29947256 PMCID: PMC6158550 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718780309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation to repair the injured spinal cord has shown consistent benefits in preclinical models. However, the low survival rate of grafted MSC is one of the most important problems. In the injured spinal cord, transplanted cells are exposed to hypoxic conditions and exposed to nutritional deficiency caused by poor vascular supply. Also, the transplanted MSCs face cytotoxic stressors that cause cell death. The aim of this study was to compare adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) isolated from individual C57BL6/J mice in relation to: (i) cellular characteristics, (ii) tolerance to hypoxia, oxidative stress and serum-free conditions, and (iii) cellular survival rates after transplantation. AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs exhibited a similar cell surface marker profile, but expressed different levels of growth factors and cytokines. To research their relative stress tolerance, both types of stromal cells were incubated at 20.5% O2 or 1.0% O2 for 7 days. Results showed that AD-MSCs were more proliferative with greater culture viability under these hypoxic conditions than BM-MSCs. The MSCs were also incubated under H2O2-induced oxidative stress and in serum-free culture medium to induce stress. AD-MSCs were better able to tolerate these stress conditions than BM-MSCs; similarly when transplanted into the spinal cord injury region in vivo, AD-MSCs demonstrated a higher survival rate post transplantation Furthermore, this increased AD-MSC survival post transplantation was associated with preservation of axons and enhanced vascularization, as delineated by increases in anti-gamma isotype of protein kinase C and CD31 immunoreactivity, compared with the BM-MSC transplanted group. Hence, our results indicate that AD-MSCs are an attractive alternative to BM-MSCs for the treatment of severe spinal cord injury. However, it should be noted that the motor function was equally improved following moderate spinal cord injury in both groups, but with no significant improvement seen unfortunately following severe spinal cord injury in either group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Takahashi
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kenzo Uchida
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Naoto Takeura
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kazuya Honjoh
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shuji Watanabe
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Makoto Kitade
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kokubo
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
| | - William E B Johnson
- 2 Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Stem Cells and Regenerative Biology, Parkgate Road, Chester, UK
| | - Akihiko Matsumine
- 1 Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, Japan
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48
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To Be or Not to Be: Environmental Factors that Drive Myelin Formation during Development and after CNS Trauma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/neuroglia1010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are specialized glial cells that myelinate central nervous system (CNS) axons. Historically, it was believed that the primary role of myelin was to compactly ensheath axons, providing the insulation necessary for rapid signal conduction. However, mounting evidence demonstrates the dynamic importance of myelin and oligodendrocytes, including providing metabolic support to neurons and regulating axon protein distribution. As such, the development and maintenance of oligodendrocytes and myelin are integral to preserving CNS homeostasis and supporting proper functioning of widespread neural networks. Environmental signals are critical for proper oligodendrocyte lineage cell progression and their capacity to form functional compact myelin; these signals are markedly disturbed by injury to the CNS, which may compromise endogenous myelin repair capabilities. This review outlines some key environmental factors that drive myelin formation during development and compares that to the primary factors that define a CNS injury milieu. We aim to identify developmental factors disrupted after CNS trauma as well as pathogenic factors that negatively impact oligodendrocyte lineage cells, as these are potential therapeutic targets to promote myelin repair after injury or disease.
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49
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Blood biomarkers are associated with brain function and blood flow following sport concussion. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 319:1-8. [PMID: 29685283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary injury pathophysiology after sport-related concussion (SRC) is poorly understood. Blood biomarkers may be a useful tool for characterizing these processes, yet there are limitations in their application as a single modality. Combining blood biomarker analysis with advanced neuroimaging may help validate their continued utility in brain injury research by elucidating important secondary injury mechanisms. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate co-modulation between peripheral blood biomarkers and advanced functional brain imaging after SRC. METHODS Forty-three university level athletes from 7 sports were recruited (16 recently concussed athletes; 15 healthy athletes with no prior history of concussion; 12 healthy athletes with a history of concussion). Seven blood biomarkers were evaluated: s100B, total tau (T-tau), von Willebrand factor (vWF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), peroxiredoxin (PRDX)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and -4. Resting-state functional MRI was employed to assess global neural connectivity (Gconn), and arterial spin labelling was used to evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF). We tested for concurrent alterations in blood biomarkers and MRI measures of brain function between athlete groups using a non-parametric, bootstrapped resampling framework. RESULTS Compared to healthy athletes, recently concussed athletes showed greater concurrent alterations in several peripheral blood biomarker and MRI measures: a decrease in T-Tau and Gconn, a decrease in T-Tau and CBF, a decrease in Gconn with elevated PRDX-6, a decrease in CBF with elevated PRDX-6, and a decrease in Gconn with elevated MCP-4. In addition, compared to healthy athletes with no concussion history, healthy athletes with a history of concussion displayed greater concurrent alterations in blood biomarkers and Gconn; lower GConn covaried with higher blood levels of s100B and MCP-4. CONCLUSION We identified robust relationships between peripheral blood biomarkers and MRI measures in both recently concussed athletes and healthy athletes with a history of concussion. The results from this combinatorial approach further support that human concussion is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular damage, and that physiological perturbations may extend chronically beyond recovery. Finally, our results support the continued implementation of blood biomarkers as a tool to investigate brain injury, particularly in a multimodal framework.
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50
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Kucharska-Mazur J, Jabłoński M, Misiak B, Frydecka D, Rybakowski J, Ratajczak MZ, Samochowiec J. Adult stem cells in psychiatric disorders - New discoveries in peripheral blood. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:23-27. [PMID: 28392482 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The new area of research in psychiatric disorders is concerned with abnormal regeneration processes. The role of brain neurogenesis has been studied for decades. New discoveries, concerned with the pluripotency of VSEL cells and the role of factors involved in stem cell trafficking in peripheral blood create hope that it will be possible to develop a better understanding of the processes of neuroregeneration/neurodegeneration. There is an ongoing research investigating concentrations of: sphingosine -1-phosphate, SDF-1, elements of complement cascade, and stem cells in peripheral blood, including their possible connection to psychiatric disorders. Collected data, suggesting an abnormal course of regeneration processes in psychiatric disorders, raises hope of finding new potential markers of psychosis and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Kucharska-Mazur
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Jabłoński
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
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