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Xing H, Chen J, Gong S, Liu S, Xu G, Chen M, Li F, Shi Z. Variation in photosynthetic capacity of Salvia przewalskii along elevational gradients on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108801. [PMID: 38850729 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Elevational variation in plant growing environment drives diversification of photosynthetic capacity, however, the mechanism behind this reaction is poorly understood. We measured leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, anatomical characteristics, and biochemical traits of Salvia przewalskii at elevations ranging from 2400 m to 3400 m above sea level (a.s.l) on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. We found that photosynthetic capacity showed an initial increase and then a decrease with rising elevation, and the best state observed at 2800 m a.s.l. Environmental factors indirectly regulated photosynthetic capacity by affecting stomatal conductance (gs), mesophyll conductance (gm), maximum velocity of carboxylation (Vc max), and maximum capacity for photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax). The average temperature (T) and total precipitation (P) during the growing season had the highest contribution to the variation of photosynthetic capacity of S. przewalskii in subalpine areas, which were 25% and 24%, respectively. Photosynthetic capacity was mainly affected by diffusional limitations (71%-89%), and mesophyll limitation (lm) played a leading role. The variation of gm was attributed to the effects of environmental factors on the volume fraction of intercellular air space (fias), the thickness of cell wall (Tcw), the surface of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts exposed to intercellular airspace (Sm, Sc), and plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIPs, PIP1, PIP2), independent of carbonic anhydrase (CA). Optimization of leaf tissue structure and adaptive physiological responses enabled plants to efficiently cope with variable climate conditions of high-elevation areas, and the while maintaining high levels of carbon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China; Sichuan Miyaluo Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Lixian, 623100, China
| | - Gexi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China; Sichuan Miyaluo Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Lixian, 623100, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Feifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
| | - Zuomin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China; Sichuan Miyaluo Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Lixian, 623100, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China.
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Xiao Y, Yang D, Zhang SB, Mo YX, Dong YY, Wang KF, He LY, Dong B, Dossa GGO, Zhang JL. Nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing legume plants differ in leaf nutrient concentrations and relationships between photosynthetic and hydraulic traits. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae048. [PMID: 38691446 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Legumes account for a significant proportion of plants in the terrestrial ecosystems. Nitrogen (N)-fixing capability of certain legumes is a pivotal trait that contributes to their ecological dominance. Yet, the functional traits and trait relationships between N-fixer and non-N-fixer legumes are poorly understood. Here, we investigated 27 functional traits associated with morphology, nutrients, hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis in 42 woody legumes (19 N-fixers and 23 non-N-fixers) in a common garden. Our results showed that N-fixers had higher specific leaf area, photosynthetic phosphorus (P)-use efficiency, leaf N, and iron concentrations on both area and mass basis, N/P ratio, and carbon (C) to P ratio, but lower wood density, area-based maximum photosynthetic rate (Aa), photosynthetic N-use efficiency, leaf mass- and area-based P and molybdenum and area-based boron concentrations, and C/N ratio, compared with non-N-fixers. The mass-based maximum photosynthetic rate (Am), stomatal conductance (gs), intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi), mass- and area-based leaf potassium and mass-based boron concentrations, leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), and whole-shoot hydraulic conductance (Kshoot) showed no difference between N-fixers and non-N-fixers. Significant positive associations between all hydraulic and photosynthetic trait pairs were found in N-fixers, but only one pair (Kshoot-Aa) in non-N-fixers, suggesting that hydraulic conductance plays a more important role in mediating photosynthetic capacity in N-fixers compared with non-N-fixers. Higher mass-based leaf N was linked to lower time-integrated gs and higher WUEi among non-N-fixer legumes or all legumes pooled after phylogeny was considered. Moreover, mass-based P concentration was positively related to Am and gs in N-fixers, but not in non-N-fixers, indicating that the photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance in N-fixers were more dependent on leaf P status than in non-N-fixers. These findings expand our understanding of the trait-based ecology within and across N-fixer and non-N-fixer legumes in tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK
| | - Da Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Shu-Bin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Mo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yi-Yi Dong
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Ke-Fei Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Puer University, Puer, Yunnan 665000, China
| | - Ling-Yun He
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Bing Dong
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Dyers Brae, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Gbadamassi G O Dossa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
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Ishida A, Yamaji K, Nakano T, Ladpala P, Popradit A, Yoshimura K, Saiki ST, Maeda T, Yoshimura J, Koyama K, Diloksumpun S, Marod D. Comparative physiology of canopy tree leaves in evergreen and deciduous forests in lowland Thailand. Sci Data 2023; 10:601. [PMID: 37684226 PMCID: PMC10491629 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The typical seasonally dry forests in Southeast Asia are the mixed deciduous forest (MDF), dry dipterocarp (deciduous) forest (DDF), and dry evergreen forest (DEF). We obtained 21 physiological traits in the top/sunlit leaves of 107, 65 and 51 tree species in MDF, DEF and DDF, respectively. Approximately 70%, 95% and 95% of canopy tree species which consist of MDF, DEF and DDF are sampled, respectively. Light-saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat) exhibit a positive correlation with foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on leaf mass and area bases across tree species. Decreased leaf mass-based P reduces the positive slope of the mass-based N and Asat relationship across species and habitats. The differences in nutrient and water use and leaf habits are well matched to the variation in soil properties among the forest types, highlighting the reliability of this comprehensive database for revealing the mechanism of niche segregation based on edaphic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan.
| | - Keiko Yamaji
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0006, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Yamanashi Mount Fuji Research Institute, Kami-Yoshida, Fuji-Yoshida, Yamanashi, 403-0005, Japan
| | - Phanumard Ladpala
- Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Ananya Popradit
- College of Innovation Management, Valaya Alongkorn University under the Royal Patronage, Klongluang, Pathum Thani, 13180, Thailand
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Shin-Taro Saiki
- Department of Forest Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Takahisa Maeda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Jin Yoshimura
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kohei Koyama
- Asahikawa campus, Hokkaido University of Education, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 070-8621, Japan
| | - Sapit Diloksumpun
- Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Dokrak Marod
- Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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Hu W, Zhao M, Zhang S, Li Y, Dai J, Gu C, Li X, Yang L, Qin L, Liao X. Optimized leaf storage and photosynthetic nitrogen trade-off promote synergistic increases in photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14013. [PMID: 37882267 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A coordinated increase in the photosynthetic rate (A) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) is an effective strategy for improving crop yield and nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency. PNUE tends to decrease with increasing N levels, but there are natural variations. Consequently, leaf functional N partitioning in Brassica napus genotypes under different N rates was measured to explore the optimized N allocation model for synchronously increasing A and PNUE values. The results showed that genotypes whose PNUE increased with increasing N supply (PNUE-I) produced an approximate A value with a relatively low leaf N content, owing to reduced storage N (Nstore ) and close photosynthetic N (Npsn ) content. Partial least squares path modeling showed that A was dominated by the Npsn content, and PNUE was directly influenced by A and Nstore . The A value increased with the Npsn content until the Npsn content exceeded the threshold value. The boundary line of PNUE varied with the Npsn and Nstore proportions, indicating that the optimum Npsn and Nstore proportions were 51.6% and 40.3%, respectively. The Nstore proportion of PNUE-I was closer to the thresholds and benefited from lower increments in Rubisco content and nonprotein form storage N content with improved N supply. Optimized Nstore and Npsn trade-off by regulating increments in Nstore content with increased N supply, thereby promoting coordinated increases in A and PNUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Manli Zhao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinshui Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Chiming Gu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Qin
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Liao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
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Liu J, Zhang K, Bi J, Yu X, Luo L, Hu L. Mesophyll conductance and N allocation co-explained the variation in photosynthesis in two canola genotypes under contrasting nitrogen supply. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1171331. [PMID: 37223789 PMCID: PMC10202220 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1171331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The application of nitrogen fertilizer within a normal range has been found to increase the leaf nitrogen content and photosynthetic rate of canola plants (Brassica napus L.). Despite numerous studies on the separate effects of CO2 diffusion limitation and nitrogen allocation trade-off on photosynthetic rate, few have examined both these factors in relation to the photosynthetic rate of canola. In this study, two genotypes of canola with varying leaf nitrogen content were analyzed to determine the impact of nitrogen supply on leaf photosynthesis, mesophyll conductance, and nitrogen partitioning. The results showed that the CO2 assimilation rate (A), mesophyll conductance (g m), and photosynthetic nitrogen content (N psn) increased with an increase in nitrogen supply in both genotypes. The relationship between nitrogen content and A followed a linear-plateau regression, while A had linear relationships with both photosynthetic nitrogen content and g m, indicating that the key to enhancing A is increasing the distribution of leaf nitrogen into the photosynthetic apparatus and g m, rather than just increasing nitrogen content. Under high nitrogen treatment, the genotype (QZ) with high nitrogen content had 50.7% more nitrogen than the other genotype (ZY21), but had similar A, which was primarily due to ZY21's higher photosynthetic nitrogen distribution ratio and stomatal conductance (g sw). On the other hand, QZ showed a higher A than ZY21 under low nitrogen treatment as QZ had higher N psn and g m compared to ZY21. Our results indicate that, in selecting high PNUE rapeseed varieties, it is important to consider the higher photosynthetic nitrogen distribution ratio and CO2 diffusion conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Junguo Bi
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinqiao Yu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyong Hu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Nadal M, Clemente-Moreno MJ, Perera-Castro AV, Roig-Oliver M, Onoda Y, Gulías J, Flexas J. Incorporating pressure-volume traits into the leaf economics spectrum. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:549-562. [PMID: 36750322 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, attempts have been made in linking pressure-volume parameters and the leaf economics spectrum to expand our knowledge of the interrelationships among leaf traits. We provide theoretical and empirical evidence for the coordination of the turgor loss point and associated traits with net CO2 assimilation (An ) and leaf mass per area (LMA). We measured gas exchange, pressure-volume curves and leaf structure in 45 ferns and angiosperms, and explored the anatomical and chemical basis of the key traits. We propose that the coordination observed between mass-based An , capacitance and the turgor loss point (πtlp ) emerges from their shared link with leaf density (one of the components of LMA) and, specially, leaf saturated water content (LSWC), which in turn relates to cell size and nitrogen and carbon content. Thus, considering the components of LMA and LSWC in ecophysiological studies can provide a broader perspective on leaf structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Nadal
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma, Spain
| | - María J Clemente-Moreno
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Alicia V Perera-Castro
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma, Spain
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Margalida Roig-Oliver
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Javier Gulías
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA) - Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma, Spain
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Huang G, Peng S, Li Y. Variation of photosynthesis during plant evolution and domestication: implications for improving crop photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4886-4896. [PMID: 35436322 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the mechanisms underlying the variation of photosynthesis along plant phylogeny and especially during domestication are of great importance, and may provide new insights to further improve crop photosynthesis. In the present study, we compiled a database including 542 sets of data of leaf gas exchange parameters and leaf structural and chemical traits in ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, non-crop angiosperms, and crops. We found that photosynthesis was dramatically improved from ferns and fern allies to non-crop angiosperms, and further increased in crops. The improvement of photosynthesis during phylogeny and domestication was related to increases in carbon dioxide diffusional capacities and, to a lesser extent, biochemical capacity. Cell wall thickness rather than chloroplast surface area facing intercellular airspaces drives the variation of mesophyll conductance. The variation of the maximum carboxylation rate was not related to leaf nitrogen content. The slope of the relationship between mass-based photosynthesis and nitrogen was lower in crops than in non-crop angiosperms. These findings suggest that the manipulation of cell wall thickness is the most promising approach to further improve crop photosynthesis, and that an increase of leaf nitrogen will be less efficient in improving photosynthesis in crops than in non-crop angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Momayyezi M, Rippner DA, Duong FV, Raja PV, Brown PJ, Kluepfel DA, Earles JM, Forrestel EJ, Gilbert ME, McElrone AJ. Structural and functional leaf diversity lead to variability in photosynthetic capacity across a range of Juglans regia genotypes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2351-2365. [PMID: 35642731 PMCID: PMC9543909 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Similar to other cropping systems, few walnut cultivars are used as scion in commercial production. Germplasm collections can be used to diversify cultivar options and hold potential for improving crop productivity, disease resistance and stress tolerance. In this study, we explored the anatomical and biochemical bases of photosynthetic capacity and response to water stress in 11 Juglans regia accessions in the U.S. department of agriculture, agricultural research service (USDA-ARS) National Clonal Germplasm. Net assimilation rate (An ) differed significantly among accessions and was greater in lower latitudes coincident with higher stomatal and mesophyll conductances, leaf thickness, mesophyll porosity, gas-phase diffusion, leaf nitrogen and lower leaf mass and stomatal density. High CO2 -saturated assimilation rates led to increases in An under diffusional and biochemical limitations. Greater An was found in lower-latitude accessions native to climates with more frost-free days, greater precipitation seasonality and lower temperature seasonality. As expected, water stress consistently impaired photosynthesis with the highest % reductions in lower-latitude accessions (A3, A5 and A9), which had the highest An under well-watered conditions. However, An for A3 and A5 remained among the highest under dehydration. J. regia accessions, which have leaf structural traits and biochemistry that enhance photosynthesis, could be used as commercial scions or breeding parents to enhance productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Momayyezi
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Fiona V. Duong
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pranav V. Raja
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Patrick J. Brown
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - J. Mason Earles
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Andrew J. McElrone
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- USDA‐ARS, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research UnitDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Seedling responses to soil moisture amount versus pulse frequency in a successfully encroaching semi-arid shrub. Oecologia 2022; 199:441-451. [PMID: 35661250 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rainfall timing, frequency, and quantity is rapidly changing in dryland regions, altering dryland plant communities. Understanding dryland plant responses to future rainfall scenarios is crucial for implementing proactive management strategies, particularly in light of land cover changes concurrent with climate change. One such change is woody plant encroachment, an increasing abundance of woody plants in areas formerly dominated by grasslands or savannas. Continued woody plant encroachment will depend, in part, on seedling capacity to establish and thrive under future climate conditions. Seedling performance is primarily impacted by soil moisture conditions governed by precipitation amount (quantity) and frequency. We hypothesized that (H1) seedling performance would be enhanced by both greater soil moisture and pulse frequency, such that seedlings with similar mean soil moisture would perform best under high pulse frequency. Alternatively, (H2) mean soil moisture would have greater influence than pulse frequency, such that a given pulse frequency would have little influence on seedling performance. The hypotheses were tested with Prosopis velutina, a shrub native to the United States that has encroached throughout its range and is invasive in other continents. Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse under two soil moisture treatments, each which was maintained by two pulse frequency treatments. Contrary to H1, mean soil moisture had greater impact than pulse frequency on seedling growth, photosynthetic gas exchange, leaf chemistry, and biomass allocation. These results indicate that P. velutina seedlings may be more responsive to rainfall amount than frequency, at least within the conditions seedlings experienced in this experimental manipulation.
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Xia A, Wu Y. Joint interactions of carbon and nitrogen metabolism dominated by bicarbonate and nitrogen in Orychophragmus violaceus and Brassica napus under simulated karst habitats. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:264. [PMID: 35619072 PMCID: PMC9134658 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Karst habitats are uniquely characterized by high bicarbonate, high nitrate, and low ammonium, which are in-conducive to their growth and biodiversity. The occurrence of inorganic carbon and nitrogen in karst soil profoundly affects the carbon/nitrogen metabolism and adaptability of plants. However, there has been no final conclusion to the joint interactions of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in plants under karst habitats. In this study, we selected a karst-adaptable plant Orychophragmus violaceus (Ov), and a non-karst-adaptable plant Brassica napus (Bn) as experimental plants, and compared their joint effects of carbon and nitrogen metabolism under simulated karst habitats. It was found that the two species had different joint effects of carbon and nitrogen metabolisms. Bicarbonate and nitrate joint promoted photosynthetic activity and glucose metabolism, facilitating the carbon/nitrogen metabolism and growth of Ov, but their impacts on the carbon and nitrogen metabolism were insignificant in Bn. Bicarbonate and ammonium joint inhibited the photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism, but promoted water use efficiency in Ov, leading to its enhance of growth reduction, ammonium toxicity alleviation, and drought resistance, while they inhibited the water use efficiency of Bn. In general, bicarbonate and nitrate/ammonium more significantly joint affected the carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Ov than Bn, which is vital for Ov to adapt to karst habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antong Xia
- Research Center for Environmental Bio-Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 550081 Guiyang, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyou Wu
- Research Center for Environmental Bio-Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 550081 Guiyang, P.R. China
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11
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Momayyezi M, Borsuk AM, Brodersen CR, Gilbert ME, Théroux‐Rancourt G, Kluepfel DA, McElrone AJ. Desiccation of the leaf mesophyll and its implications for CO 2 diffusion and light processing. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1362-1381. [PMID: 35141930 PMCID: PMC9314819 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaves balance CO2 and radiative absorption while maintaining water transport to maximise photosynthesis. Related species with contrasting leaf anatomy can provide insights into inherent and stress-induced links between structure and function for commonly measured leaf traits for important crops. We used two walnut species with contrasting mesophyll anatomy to evaluate these integrated exchange processes under non-stressed and drought conditions using a combination of light microscopy, X-ray microCT, gas exchange, hydraulic conductance, and chlorophyll distribution profiles through leaves. Juglans regia had thicker palisade mesophyll, higher fluorescence in the palisade, and greater low-mesophyll porosity that were associated with greater gas-phase diffusion (gIAS ), stomatal and mesophyll (gm ) conductances and carboxylation capacity. More and highly-packed mesophyll cells and bundle sheath extensions (BSEs) in Juglans microcarpa led to higher fluorescence in the spongy and in proximity to the BSEs. Both species exhibited drought-induced reductions in mesophyll cell volume, yet the associated increases in porosity and gIAS were obscured by declines in biochemical activity that decreased gm . Inherent differences in leaf anatomy between the species were linked to differences in gas exchange, light absorption and photosynthetic capacity, and drought-induced changes in leaf structure impacted performance via imposing species-specific limitations to light absorption, gas exchange and hydraulics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Momayyezi
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aleca M. Borsuk
- School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J. McElrone
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- USDA‐ARSCrops Pathology and Genetics Research UnitDavisCaliforniaUSA
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12
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Jiao Y, Niklas KJ, Wang L, Yu K, Li Y, Shi P. Influence of Leaf Age on the Scaling Relationships of Lamina Mass vs. Area. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:860206. [PMID: 35463398 PMCID: PMC9024345 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.860206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf lamina mass and area are closely correlated with the photosynthetic capacity and competitive ability of plants, whereas leaf age has been demonstrated to affect physiological processes such as photosynthesis. However, it remains unknown whether the lamina mass vs. area scaling relationship is influenced by leaf age, which is important for understanding plant adaptive strategies and, more broadly, resource utilization and growth. We measured the leaf functional traits of five leaf-age groups of Photinia × fraseri for a total of 1,736 leaves. ANOVA followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference test was used to compare the functional traits among the five leaf-age groups. Reduced major axis regression protocols were used to fit the scaling relationship between lamina mass and area, and the bootstrap percentile method was used to compare the lamina mass vs. area scaling relationships among the leaf-age groups. Lamina area, and the ratio of lamina dry mass to lamina fresh mass increased with increasing leaf age. Lamina fresh mass per unit area, and lamina dry mass per unit area both exhibited a parabolic-like trend as leaf age increased, i.e., at the leaf maturation stage, it showed a slight but significant decline. The phenomenon called diminishing returns were confirmed by each of the five leaf-age groups, i.e., all of the numerical values of the scaling exponents of lamina mass vs. area were significantly greater than 1. There were significant differences in the scaling exponents of lamina mass vs. area for the leaves across different sampling times. The scaling exponents were lower at the early rapid growth stage, indicating a lower cost for increasing leaf area compared to the leaf maturation stage. These data are consistent with leaves undergoing a transition from resource acquisition to resource conservation in the process of their development and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Jiao
- College of Biology and the Environment, Bamboo Research Institution, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Karl J. Niklas
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Bamboo Research Institution, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kexin Yu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Bamboo Research Institution, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yirong Li
- College of Biology and the Environment, Bamboo Research Institution, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peijian Shi
- College of Biology and the Environment, Bamboo Research Institution, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Scartazza A, Di Baccio D, Mariotti L, Bettarini I, Selvi F, Pazzagli L, Colzi I, Gonnelli C. Photosynthesizing while hyperaccumulating nickel: Insights from the genus Odontarrhena (Brassicaceae). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 176:9-20. [PMID: 35182963 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-induced changes in photosynthetic activity were investigated in three Ni-hyperaccumulating Odontarrhena species with increasing Ni tolerance and accumulation capacity, O. muralis, O. moravensis, and O. chalcidica. Plantlets were grown in hydroponics at increasing NiSO4 concentrations (0, 0.25, and 1 mM) for one week, and the effects of Ni on growth, metal accumulation, photosynthesis, and nitrogen (N) allocation to components of the photosynthetic apparatus were analysed. Nickel treatments in O. chalcidica, and O. moravensis to a lesser extent, increased not only the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and the CO2 assimilation rate, but also CO2 diffusion from the atmosphere to the carboxylation sites. These two species displayed a specific increase and/or rearrangement of the photosynthetic pigments and a higher leaf N allocation to the photosynthetic components in the presence of the metal. Odontarrhena muralis displayed a decrease in photosynthetic performance at the lowest Ni concentration due to a combination of both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations. Our data represent the first complete investigation of the effects of Ni on the photosynthetic machinery in Ni hyperaccumulating plants. Our findings clearly indicate a stimulatory, hormetic-like, effect of the metal on both biophysics and biochemistry of photosynthesis in the species with the highest hyperaccumulation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scartazza
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniela Di Baccio
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Mariotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via Mariscoglio 34, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Isabella Bettarini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Micheli 1, I-50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest Sciences, Laboratories of Botany, Università degli Studi di Firenze, P. le Cascine 28, I-50144, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Luigia Pazzagli
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, I-50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Micheli 1, I-50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Micheli 1, I-50121, Firenze, Italy.
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14
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Liu M, Liu X, Zhao Y, Korpelainen H, Li C. Sex-specific nitrogen allocation tradeoffs in the leaves of Populus cathayana cuttings under salt and drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 172:101-110. [PMID: 35051894 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) partitioning within a leaf affects leaf photosynthesis and adaptation to environmental fluctuations. However, how plant sex influences leaf N allocation and its tradeoffs in acclimation to drought, excess salt and their combination remains unknown. Here, leaf N allocation between the photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic apparatus and among the components of the photosynthesis in Populus cathayana Rehder females and males were investigated under drought, salt and their combination to clarify the underlying mechanism. We found that males with a lower leaf N allocation (NL) into non-protein N (Nnp), showed a greater leaf N allocation into photosynthetic apparatus, especially into the carboxylation component under all treatments, and a greater leaf N allocation into cell wall under drought and salt stress alone, consequently causing higher photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) and tolerance to stresses. Conversely, females had a greater leaf N allocation into Nnp under all treatments than males and a lower leaf photosynthetic N (NP) allocation. There was a tradeoff in leaf N allocation among photosynthetic apparatus (NP/NL), cell wall (NCW/NL) and Nnp, which explained plant responses to drought, salt and their combination. Moreover, the leaf N allocation into the carboxylation component could explain the intersexual difference in responses to all treatments, while leaf cell wall N (NCW) and Nnp reflected intrasexual differences among treatments in both sexes. These findings indicate sex-specific strategies in coping with drought, salt and their combination that relate to leaf N allocation, which may contribute to sex-specific photosynthesis and niche segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Helena Korpelainen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Chunyang Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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15
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Byeon S, Song W, Park M, Kim S, Kim S, Lee H, Jeon J, Kim K, Lee M, Lim H, Han SH, Oh C, Kim HS. Canopy height affects the allocation of photosynthetic carbon and nitrogen in two deciduous tree species under elevated CO 2. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153584. [PMID: 34890847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Down-regulation of leaf N and Rubisco under elevated CO2 (eCO2) are accompanied by increased non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) due to the sink-source imbalance. Here, to investigate whether the canopy position affects the down-regulation of Rubisco, we measured leaf N, NSC and N allocation in two species with different heights at maturity [Fraxinus rhynchophylla (6.8 ± 0.3 m) and Sorbus alnifolia (3.6 ± 0.2 m)] from 2017 to 2019. Since 2009, both species were grown at three different CO2 concentrations in open-top chambers: ambient CO2 (400 ppm; aCO2); ambient CO2 × 1.4 (560 ppm; eCO21.4); and ambient CO2 × 1.8 (720 ppm; eCO21.8). Leaf N per unit mass (Nmass) decreased under eCO2, except under eCO21.8 in S. alnifolia and coincided with increased NSC. NSC increased under eCO2 in F. rhynchophylla, but the increment of NSC was greater in the upper canopy of S. alnifolia. Conversely, Rubisco content per unit area was reduced under eCO2 in S. alnifolia and there was no interaction between CO2 and canopy position. In contrast, the reduction of Rubisco content per unit area was greater in the upper canopy of F. rhynchophylla, with a significant interaction between CO2 and canopy position. Rubisco was negatively correlated with NSC only in the upper canopy of F. rhynchophylla, and at the same NSC, Rubisco was lower under eCO2 than under aCO2. Contrary to Rubisco, chlorophyll increased under eCO2 in both species, although there was no interaction between CO2 and canopy position. Finally, photosynthetic N content (Rubisco + chlorophyll + PSII) was reduced and consistent with down-regulation of Rubisco. Therefore, the observed Nmass reduction under eCO2 was associated with dilution due to NSC accumulation. Moreover, down-regulation of Rubisco under eCO2 was more sensitive to NSC accumulation in the upper canopy. Our findings emphasize the need for the modification of the canopy level model in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Byeon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyung Song
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjee Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - HoonTaek Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745, Jena, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jihyeon Jeon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhyo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Lim
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Sim-Hee Han
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyoung Oh
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Sturchio MA, Chieppa J, Chapman SK, Canas G, Aspinwall MJ. Temperature acclimation of leaf respiration differs between marsh and mangrove vegetation in a coastal wetland ecotone. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:612-629. [PMID: 34653300 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Temperature acclimation of leaf respiration (R) is an important determinant of ecosystem responses to temperature and the magnitude of temperature-CO2 feedbacks as climate warms. Yet, the extent to which temperature acclimation of R exhibits a common pattern across different growth conditions, ecosystems, and plant functional types remains unclear. Here, we measured the short-term temperature response of R at six time points over a 10-month period in two coastal wetland species (Avicennia germinans [C3 mangrove] and Spartina alterniflora [C4 marsh grass]) growing under ambient and experimentally warmed temperatures at two sites in a marsh-mangrove ecotone. Leaf nitrogen (N) was determined on a subsample of leaves to explore potential coupling of R and N. We hypothesized that both species would reduce R at 25°C (R25 ) and the short-term temperature sensitivity of R (Q10 ) as air temperature (Tair ) increased across seasons, but the decline would be stronger in Avicennia than in Spartina. For each species, we hypothesized that seasonal temperature acclimation of R would be equivalent in plants grown under ambient and warmed temperatures, demonstrating convergent acclimation. Surprisingly, Avicennia generally increased R25 with increasing growth temperature, although the Q10 declined as seasonal temperatures increased and did so consistently across sites and treatments. Weak temperature acclimation resulted in reduced homeostasis of R in Avicennia. Spartina reduced R25 and the Q10 as seasonal temperatures increased. In Spartina, seasonal temperature acclimation was largely consistent across sites and treatments resulting in greater respiratory homeostasis. We conclude that co-occurring coastal wetland species may show contrasting patterns of respiratory temperature acclimation. Nonetheless, leaf N scaled positively with R25 in both species, highlighting the importance of leaf N in predicting respiratory capacity across a range of growth temperatures. The patterns of respiratory temperature acclimation shown here may improve the predictions of temperature controls of CO2 fluxes in coastal wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Sturchio
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jeff Chieppa
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Samantha K Chapman
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriela Canas
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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17
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Byeon S, Song W, Park M, Kim S, Kim S, Lee H, Jeon J, Kim K, Lee M, Lim H, Han SH, Oh C, Kim HS. Down-regulation of photosynthesis and its relationship with changes in leaf N allocation and N availability after long-term exposure to elevated CO 2 concentration. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 265:153489. [PMID: 34416600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Down-regulation of photosynthesis under elevated CO2 (eCO2) concentrations could be attributed to the depletion of nitrogen (N) availability after long-term exposure to eCO2 (progressive nitrogen limitation, PNL) or leaf N dilutions due to excessive accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates. To determine the mechanism underlying this down-regulation, we investigated N availability, photosynthetic characteristics, and N allocation in leaves of Pinus densiflora (shade-intolerant species, evergreen tree), Fraxinus rhynchophylla (intermediate shade-tolerant species, deciduous tree), and Sorbus alnifolia (shade-tolerant species, deciduous tree). The three species were grown under three different CO2 concentrations in open-top chambers, i.e., ambient 400 ppm (aCO2); ambient × 1.4, 560 ppm (eCO21.4); and ambient × 1.8, 720 ppm (eCO21.8), for 11 years. Unlike previous studies that addressed PNL, after 11 years of eCO2 exposure, N availability remained higher under eCO21.8, and chlorophyll and photosynthetic N use efficiency increased under eCO2. In the case of nonstructural carbohydrates, starch and soluble sugar showed significant increases under eCO2. The maximum carboxylation rate, leaf N per mass (Nmass), and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) were low under eCO21.8. The ratio of RuBP regeneration to the carboxylation rate as well as that of chlorophyll N to Rubisco N increased with CO2 concentrations. Based on the reduction in Nmass (not in Narea) that was diluted by increase in nonstructural carbohydrate, down-regulation of photosynthesis was found to be caused by the dilution rather than PNL. The greatest increases in chlorophyll under eCO2 were observed in S. alnifolia, which was the most shade-tolerant species. This study could help provide more detailed, mechanistically based processes to explain the down-regulation of photosynthesis by considering two hypotheses together and showed N allocation seems to be flexible against changes in CO2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Byeon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyung Song
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjee Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - HoonTaek Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745, Jena, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jihyeon Jeon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhyo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Lim
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Gyeonggi, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Sim-Hee Han
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Gyeonggi, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangYoung Oh
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Gyeonggi, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Global variation in the fraction of leaf nitrogen allocated to photosynthesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4866. [PMID: 34381045 PMCID: PMC8358060 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants invest a considerable amount of leaf nitrogen in the photosynthetic enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO), forming a strong coupling of nitrogen and photosynthetic capacity. Variability in the nitrogen-photosynthesis relationship indicates different nitrogen use strategies of plants (i.e., the fraction nitrogen allocated to RuBisCO; fLNR), however, the reason for this remains unclear as widely different nitrogen use strategies are adopted in photosynthesis models. Here, we use a comprehensive database of in situ observations, a remote sensing product of leaf chlorophyll and ancillary climate and soil data, to examine the global distribution in fLNR using a random forest model. We find global fLNR is 18.2 ± 6.2%, with its variation largely driven by negative dependence on leaf mass per area and positive dependence on leaf phosphorus. Some climate and soil factors (i.e., light, atmospheric dryness, soil pH, and sand) have considerable positive influences on fLNR regionally. This study provides insight into the nitrogen-photosynthesis relationship of plants globally and an improved understanding of the global distribution of photosynthetic potential.
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19
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Cun Z, Zhang JY, Wu HM, Zhang L, Chen JW. High nitrogen inhibits photosynthetic performance in a shade-tolerant and N-sensitive species Panax notoginseng. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:283-300. [PMID: 33587246 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a primary factor limiting leaf photosynthesis. However, the mechanism of high-N-driven inhibition on photosynthetic efficiency and photoprotection is still unclear in the shade-tolerant and N-sensitive species such as Panax notoginseng. Leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content, Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) activity and content, N allocation in the photosynthetic apparatus, photosynthetic performance and Chl fluorescence were comparatively analyzed in a shade-tolerant and N-sensitive species P. notoginseng grown under the levels of moderate nitrogen (MN) and high nitrogen (HN). The results showed that Rubisco content, Chl content and specific leaf nitrogen (SLN) were greater in the HN individuals. Rubisco activity, net photosynthetic rate (Anet), photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE), maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) were lower when plants were exposed to HN as compared with ones to MN. A large proportion of leaf N was allocated to the carboxylation component under the levels of MN. More N was only served as a form of N storage and not contributed to photosynthesis in HN individuals. Compared with the MN plants, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching of PSII (NPQ), effective quantum yield and electron transport rate were obviously reduced in the HN plants. Cycle electron flow (CEF) was considerably enhanced in the MN individuals. There was not a significant difference in maximum photo-oxidation P700+ (Pm) between the HN and MN individuals. Most importantly, the HN individuals showed higher K phase in the fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetic curve (OJIP kinetic curve) than the MN ones. The results obtained suggest that photosynthetic capacity might be primarily inhibited by the inactivated Rubisco in the HN individuals, and HN-induced depression of photoprotection might be caused by the photodamage to the donor side of PSII oxygen-evolving complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center On Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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20
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Wu J, Shi Z, Liu S, Centritto M, Cao X, Zhang M, Zhao G. Photosynthetic capacity of male and female Hippophae rhamnoides plants along an elevation gradient in eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:76-88. [PMID: 32785643 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elevational variations in the growing environment and sex differences in individuals drive the diversification of photosynthetic capacity of plants. However, photosynthetic response of dioecious plants to elevation gradients and the mechanisms that cause these responses are poorly understood. We measured foliar gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and nitrogen allocations of male and female Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) at the elevation of 1900-3700 m above sea level (a.s.l.) on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Male and female plants showed increased leaf photosynthetic capacity at higher elevation generally with no sex-specific difference. Photosynthetic photon flux density-saturated photosynthesis (Asat) was limited mostly by diffusional components (77 ± 1%), whereas biochemical components contributed minor limitations (22 ± 1%). Mesophyll conductance (gm) played an essential role in Asat variation, accounting for 40 ± 2% of the total photosynthetic limitations and had a significant positive correlation with Asat. Leaf nitrogen allocations to Rubisco (PR) and bioenergetics (PB) in the photosynthetic apparatus were major drivers for variations in photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency. The increase of these resource uptake capacities enables H. rhamnoides to maintain a high level of carbon assimilation and function efficiently to cope with the harsh conditions and shorter growing season at higher elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zuomin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Torino 10135, Italy
| | - Shun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Torino 10135, Italy
| | - Xiangwen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Guangdong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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21
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Detto M, Xu X. Optimal leaf life strategies determine V c,max dynamic during ontogeny. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:361-375. [PMID: 32473028 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Leaf photosynthetic properties, for example the maximum carboxylation velocity or Vc,max , change with leaf age due to ontogenetic processes. This study introduces an optimal dynamic allocation scheme to model changes in leaf-level photosynthetic capacity as a function of leaf biochemical constraints (costs of synthesis and defence), nitrogen availability and other environmental factors (e.g. light). The model consists of a system of equations describing RuBisCO synthesis and degradation within chloroplasts, defence and ageing at leaf levels, nitrogen transfer and carbon budget at plant levels. Model results show that optimal allocation principles explained RuBisCO dynamics with leaf age. An approximated analytical solution can reproduce the basic pattern of RuBisCO and Vc,max in rice and in two tropical tree species. The model also reveals leaf life complementarities that remained unexplained in previous approaches, as the interplay between Vc,max at maturation, life span and the decline in photosynthetic capacity with age. Furthermore, it explores the role of defence, which is not implemented in current models. This framework covers some of the existing gaps in integrating multiple processes across plant organs (chloroplast, leaf and whole plant) and is a first-step towards representing mechanistically leaf ontogenetic processes into physiological and ecosystem models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Detto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, 0843-03092, Republic of Panama
| | - Xiangtao Xu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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22
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Pan Y, Cieraad E, Armstrong J, Armstrong W, Clarkson BR, Colmer TD, Pedersen O, Visser EJW, Voesenek LACJ, van Bodegom PM. Global patterns of the leaf economics spectrum in wetlands. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4519. [PMID: 32908150 PMCID: PMC7481225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaf economics spectrum (LES) describes consistent correlations among a variety of leaf traits that reflect a gradient from conservative to acquisitive plant strategies. So far, whether the LES holds in wetland plants at a global scale has been unclear. Using data on 365 wetland species from 151 studies, we find that wetland plants in general show a shift within trait space along the same common slope as observed in non-wetland plants, with lower leaf mass per area, higher leaf nitrogen and phosphorus, faster photosynthetic rates, and shorter leaf life span compared to non-wetland plants. We conclude that wetland plants tend to cluster at the acquisitive end of the LES. The presented global quantifications of the LES in wetland plants enhance our understanding of wetland plant strategies in terms of resources acquisition and allocation, and provide a stepping-stone to developing trait-based approaches for wetland ecology. Leaf economics spectrum theory has greatly advanced understanding of plant functional ecology, but it is unclear whether its predictions hold in wetland communities. Here, Pan and colleagues analyse leaf economics traits in wetland plants, showing that their trait relationships deviate from fully terrestrial plants, particularly by clustering towards acquisitive plant strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingji Pan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen Cieraad
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Armstrong
- Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - William Armstrong
- Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Timothy D Colmer
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ole Pedersen
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Freshwater Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric J W Visser
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Ye M, Zhang Z, Huang G, Xiong Z, Peng S, Li Y. High leaf mass per area Oryza genotypes invest more leaf mass to cell wall and show a low mesophyll conductance. AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plaa028. [PMID: 32765824 PMCID: PMC7396964 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The intraspecific variations of leaf structure and anatomy in rice leaves and their impacts on gas diffusion are still unknown. Researches about the tradeoff between structural compositions and intracellular chemical components within rice leaves are still lacking. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the varietal differences in leaf structure and leaf chemical compositions, and the tradeoff between leaf structural tissues and intracellular chemical components in rice leaves. Leaf structure, leaf anatomy, leaf chemical composition concentrations and gas exchange parameters were measured on eight Oryza sativa L. genotypes to investigate the intraspecific variations in leaf structure and leaf anatomy and their impacts on gas exchange parameters, and to study the tradeoff between leaf structural compositions (cell wall compounds) and intracellular chemical components (non-structural carbohydrates, nitrogen, chlorophyll). Leaf thickness increased with leaf mass per area (LMA), while leaf density did not correlate with LMA. Mesophyll cell surface area exposed to intercellular airspace (IAS) per leaf area, the surface area of chloroplasts exposed to IAS and cell wall thickness increased with LMA. Cell wall compounds accounted for 71.5 % of leaf dry mass, while mass-based nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations decreased with LMA. Mesophyll conductance was negatively correlated with LMA and cell wall thickness. High LMA rice genotypes invest more leaf mass to cell wall and possess a low mesophyll conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Ye
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengcan Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guanjun Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
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24
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Liu Z, Hikosaka K, Li F, Jin G. Variations in leaf economics spectrum traits for an evergreen coniferous species: Tree size dominates over environment factors. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Liu
- Center for Ecological Research Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management‐Ministry of Education Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Fengri Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management‐Ministry of Education Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- School of Forestry Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Guangze Jin
- Center for Ecological Research Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management‐Ministry of Education Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
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25
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Park M, Cho S, Park J, Lee H, Song W, Park IK, Kim HS. Size-dependent variation in leaf functional traits and nitrogen allocation trade-offs in Robinia pseudoacacia and Cornus controversa. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:755-766. [PMID: 30924868 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tree species vary in how they invest resources to different functions throughout their life histories, and investigating the detailed patterns of ontogenetic changes in key functional traits will aid in predicting forest dynamics and ecosystem processes. In this context, we investigated size-dependent changes in key leaf functional traits and nitrogen (N) allocation trade-offs in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L., an N-fixing pioneer species) and giant dogwood (Cornus controversa Hemsl., a mid-successional species), which have different life-history strategies, especially in their light use. We found that the leaf mass per area and leaf carbon concentrations increased linearly with tree size (diameter at breast height, DBH), whereas leaf N concentrations decreased nonlinearly, with U- and hump-shaped patterns in black locust and giant dogwood, respectively. We also discovered large differences in N allocation between the two species. The fraction of leaf N invested in cell walls was much higher in black locust than in giant dogwood, while the opposite was true for the light harvesting N fraction. Furthermore, these fractions were related to DBH to varying degrees: the cell wall N fraction increased with DBH for both species, whereas the light harvesting N fraction of giant dogwood decreased nonlinearly and that of black locust remained constant. Instead, black locust reduced the fraction of leaf N invested in other N pools, resulting in a smaller fraction compared to that of giant dogwood. On the other hand, both species had similar fraction of leaf N invested in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase across tree size. This study indicated that both species increased leaf mechanical toughness through characteristic changes in N allocation trade-offs over the lifetimes of the trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Park
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsik Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhan Park
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HoonTaek Lee
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyung Song
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Park
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Tang J, Sun B, Cheng R, Shi Z, Da Luo, Liu S, Centritto M. Effects of soil nitrogen (N) deficiency on photosynthetic N-use efficiency in N-fixing and non-N-fixing tree seedlings in subtropical China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4604. [PMID: 30872731 PMCID: PMC6418086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil nitrogen (N) deficiencies can affect the photosynthetic N-use efficiency (PNUE), mesophyll conductance (gm), and leaf N allocation. However, lack of information about how these physiological characteristics in N-fixing trees could be affected by soil N deficiency and the difference between N-fixing and non-N-fixing trees. In this study, we chose seedlings of two N-fixing (Dalbergia odorifera and Erythrophleum fordii) and two non-N-fixing trees (Castanopsis hystrix and Betula alnoides) as study objects, and we conducted a pot experiment with three levels of soil N treatments (high nitrogen, set as Control; medium nitrogen, MN; and low nitrogen, LN). Our results showed that soil N deficiency significantly decreased the leaf N concentration and photosynthesis ability of the two non-N-fixing trees, but it had less influence on two N-fixing trees. The LN treatment had lower gm in D. odorifera and lower leaf N allocated to Rubisco (PR), leaf N allocated to bioenergetics (PB), and gm in B. alnoides, eventually resulting in low PNUE values. Our findings suggested that the D. odorifera and E. fordii seedlings could grow well in N-deficient soil, and adding N may increase the growth rates of B. alnoides and C. hystrix seedlings and promote the growth of artificial forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Tang
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.,School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Baodi Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Ruimei Cheng
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zuomin Shi
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China. .,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China. .,Tree and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Da Luo
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.,Research Institute of Economic Forestry, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Science, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Tree and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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27
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Tang J, Sun B, Cheng R, Shi Z, Luo D, Liu S, Centritto M. Seedling leaves allocate lower fractions of nitrogen to photosynthetic apparatus in nitrogen fixing trees than in non-nitrogen fixing trees in subtropical China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208971. [PMID: 30830910 PMCID: PMC6398865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic-nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) is a useful trait to characterize leaf physiology and survival strategy. PNUE can also be considered as part of ‘leaf economics spectrum’ interrelated with leaf nutrient concentrations, photosynthesis and respiration, leaf life-span and dry-mass investment. However, few studies have paid attention to PNUE of N-fixing tree seedlings in subtropical China. In this study, we investigated the differences in PNUE, leaf nitrogen (N) allocation, and mesophyll conductance (gm) in Dalbergia odorifera and Erythrophleum fordii (N-fixing trees), and Betula alnoides and Castanopsis hystrix (non-N-fixing trees). PNUE of D. odorifera and E. fordii were significantly lower than those of B. alnoides and C. hystrix mainly because of their allocation of a lower fraction of leaf N to Rubisco (PR) and bioenergetics (PB). Mesophyll conductance had a significant positive correlation with PNUE in D. odorifera, E. fordii, and B. alnoides, but the effect of gm on PNUE was different between species. The fraction of leaf N to cell wall (PCW) had a significant negative correlation with PR in B. alnoides and C. hystrix seedling leaves, but no correlation in D. odorifera and E. fordii seedling leaves, which may indicate that B. alnoides and C. hystrix seedling leaves did not have enough N to satisfy the demand from both the cell wall and Rubisco. Our results indicate that B. alnoides and C. hystrix may have a higher competitive ability in natural ecosystems with fertile soil, and D. odorifera and E. fordii may grow well in N-poor soil. Mixing these non-N-fixing and N-fixing trees for afforestation is useful for improving soil N utilization efficiency in the tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Tang
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, China
| | - Baodi Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruimei Cheng
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuomin Shi
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Tree and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Da Luo
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Economic Forestry, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Tree and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy
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28
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Waryszak P, Lenz TI, Leishman MR, Downey PO. Herbicide effectiveness in controlling invasive plants under elevated CO 2: Sufficient evidence to rethink weeds management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 226:400-407. [PMID: 30138839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that chemical weed control will be less effective for some weed species under future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Such reductions in plant sensitivity to herbicides under elevated CO2 may be due to greater biomass accumulation and differences among growth types. However, these studies have been limited to few growth types (herbaceous and grass species) and to a single herbicide (glyphosate). This study tested a more extensive range of weed species (both in number and growth form) and herbicides to assess general patterns of plant response. We grew 14 environmental weed species representing four different growth forms (grasses, herbs, shrubs and vines), that are commonly found in south-eastern Australia, under ambient (380 ppm) and elevated (550 ppm) CO2 concentrations. We then applied the recommended and double-recommended concentrations of two herbicides: glyphosate and fluroxypyr-meptyl. We found that responses of the weed species to herbicide under elevated CO2 were species-specific. However, the C3 grasses tended to be the most sensitive to herbicide application followed by the herbs and C4 grasses while shrubs and vines demonstrated the highest resistance. Our results highlight the need for broader testing to determine the species most likely to exhibit increased tolerance to herbicide in the future in order to improve management options beforehand and thus offset a future liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Waryszak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Tanja I Lenz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Michelle R Leishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Paul O Downey
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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29
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Watanabe M, Kamimaki Y, Mori M, Okabe S, Arakawa I, Kinose Y, Nakaba S, Izuta T. Mesophyll conductance to CO 2 in leaves of Siebold's beech (Fagus crenata) seedlings under elevated ozone. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:907-914. [PMID: 30203164 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-018-1063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is an air pollutant that negatively affects photosynthesis in woody plants. Previous studies suggested that ozone-induced reduction in photosynthetic rates is mainly attributable to a decrease of maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and/or maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) estimated from response of net photosynthetic rate (A) to intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) (A/Ci curve) assuming that mesophyll conductance for CO2 diffusion (gm) is infinite. Although it is known that Ci-based Vcmax and Jmax are potentially influenced by gm, its contribution to ozone responses in Ci-based Vcmax and Jmax is still unclear. In the present study, therefore, we analysed photosynthetic processes including gm in leaves of Siebold's beech (Fagus crenata) seedlings grown under three levels of ozone (charcoal-filtered air or ozone at 1.0- or 1.5-times ambient concentration) for two growing seasons in 2016-2017. Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were simultaneously measured in July and September of the second growing season. We determined the A, stomatal conductance to water vapor and gm, and analysed A/Ci curve and A/Cc curve (Cc: chloroplast CO2 concentration). We also determined the Rubisco and chlorophyll contents in leaves. In September, ozone significantly decreased Ci-based Vcmax. At the same time, ozone decreased gm, whereas there was no significant effect of ozone on Cc-based Vcmax or the contents of Rubisco and chlorophyll in leaves. These results suggest that ozone-induced reduction in Ci-based Vcmax is a result of the decrease in gm rather than in carboxylation capacity. The decrease in gm by elevated ozone was offset by an increase in Ci, and Cc did not differ depending on ozone treatment. Since Cc-based Vcmax was also similar, A was not changed by elevated ozone. We conclude that gm is an important factor for reduction in Ci-based Vcmax of Siebold's beech under elevated ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Yu Kamimaki
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Marino Mori
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Okabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Izumi Arakawa
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kinose
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakaba
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izuta
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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30
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Nadal M, Flexas J, Gulías J. Possible link between photosynthesis and leaf modulus of elasticity among vascular plants: a new player in leaf traits relationships? Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1372-1379. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Nadal
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions Departament de Biologia; Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA; Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Illes Balears Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions Departament de Biologia; Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA; Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Illes Balears Spain
| | - Javier Gulías
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions Departament de Biologia; Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA; Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Illes Balears Spain
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31
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Gamage D, Thompson M, Sutherland M, Hirotsu N, Makino A, Seneweera S. New insights into the cellular mechanisms of plant growth at elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1233-1246. [PMID: 29611206 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2 ]) significantly influences plant growth, development, and biomass. Increased photosynthesis rate, together with lower stomatal conductance, has been identified as the key factors that stimulate plant growth at elevated [CO2 ] (e[CO2 ]). However, variations in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance alone cannot fully explain the dynamic changes in plant growth. Stimulation of photosynthesis at e[CO2 ] is always associated with post-photosynthetic secondary metabolic processes that include carbon and nitrogen metabolism, cell cycle functions, and hormonal regulation. Most studies have focused on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in response to e[CO2 ], despite the emerging evidence of e[CO2 ]'s role in moderating secondary metabolism in plants. In this review, we briefly discuss the effects of e[CO2 ] on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and then focus on the changes in other cellular mechanisms and growth processes at e[CO2 ] in relation to plant growth and development. Finally, knowledge gaps in understanding plant growth responses to e[CO2 ] have been identified with the aim of improving crop productivity under a CO2 rich atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dananjali Gamage
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya, 81 100, Sri Lanka
| | - Michael Thompson
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
| | - Mark Sutherland
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
| | - Naoki Hirotsu
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Oura-gun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Saman Seneweera
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya, 81 100, Sri Lanka
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32
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Liu T, Ren T, White PJ, Cong R, Lu J. Storage nitrogen co-ordinates leaf expansion and photosynthetic capacity in winter oilseed rape. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2995-3007. [PMID: 29669007 PMCID: PMC5972566 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Storage nitrogen (N) is a buffer pool for maintaining leaf growth and synthesizing photosynthetic proteins, but the dynamics of its forms within the life cycle of a single leaf and how it is influenced by N supply remain poorly understood. A field experiment was conducted to estimate the influence of N supply on leaf growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and N partitioning inthe sixth leaf of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) from emergence through senescence. Storage N content (Nstore) decreased gradually along with leaf expansion. The relative growth rate based on leaf area (RGRa) was positively correlated with Nstore during leaf expansion. The water-soluble protein form of storage N was the main N source for leaf expansion. After the leaves fully expanded, the net photosynthetic rate (An) followed a linear-plateau response to Nstore, with An stabilizing at the highest value above a threshold and declining below the threshold. Non-protein and SDS (detergent)-soluble protein forms of storage N were the main N sources for maintaining photosynthesis. For the leaf N economy, storage N is used for co-ordinating leaf expansion and photosynthetic capacity. N supply can improve Nstore, thereby promoting leaf growth and biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Rihuan Cong
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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33
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Kuusk V, Niinemets Ü, Valladares F. Structural controls on photosynthetic capacity through juvenile‐to‐adult transition and needle ageing in Mediterranean pines. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Kuusk
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesEstonian University of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesEstonian University of Life Sciences Tartu Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences Tallinn Estonia
| | - Fernando Valladares
- LINCGlobalDepartamento de Biogeografía y Cambio GlobalMuseo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesMNCN‐CSIC Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Biología y GeologíaESCETUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos Móstoles Spain
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34
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Anderegg LDL, Berner LT, Badgley G, Sethi ML, Law BE, HilleRisLambers J. Within‐species patterns challenge our understanding of the leaf economics spectrum. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:734-744. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leander D. L. Anderegg
- Department of Biology University of Washington Box 351800 Seattle WA 98195 USA
- Department of Global Ecology Carnegie Institution for Science 260 Panama StStanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Logan T. Berner
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University 330 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
- School of Informatics, Cumputing, and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University 1295 S. Knoles Drive Flagstaff AZ, 86011 USA
| | - Grayson Badgley
- Department of Global Ecology Carnegie Institution for Science 260 Panama StStanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Meera L. Sethi
- Department of Biology University of Washington Box 351800 Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Beverly E. Law
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University 330 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
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35
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Tang J, Cheng R, Shi Z, Xu G, Liu S, Centritto M. Fagaceae tree species allocate higher fraction of nitrogen to photosynthetic apparatus than Leguminosae in Jianfengling tropical montane rain forest, China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192040. [PMID: 29390007 PMCID: PMC5794133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in photosynthetic-nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) is generally affected by several factors such as leaf nitrogen allocation and leaf diffusional conductances to CO2, although it is still unclear which factors significantly affect PNUE in tropical montane rain forest trees. In this study, comparison of PNUE, photosynthetic capacity, leaf nitrogen allocation, and diffusional conductances to CO2 between five Fagaceae tree species and five Leguminosae tree species were analyzed in Jianfengling tropical montane rain forest, Hainan Island, China. The result showed that PNUE of Fagaceae was significantly higher than that of Leguminosae (+35.5%), attributed to lower leaf nitrogen content per area (Narea, -29.4%). The difference in nitrogen allocation was the main biochemical factor that influenced interspecific variation in PNUE of these tree species. Fagaceae species allocated a higher fraction of leaf nitrogen to the photosynthetic apparatus (PP, +43.8%), especially to Rubisco (PR, +50.0%) and bioenergetics (PB +33.3%) in comparison with Leguminosae species. Leaf mass per area (LMA) of Leguminosae species was lower than that of Fagaceae species (-15.4%). While there was no significant difference shown for mesophyll conductance (gm), Fagaceae tree species may have greater chloroplast to total leaf surface area ratios and that offset the action of thicker cell walls on gm. Furthermore, weak negative relationship between nitrogen allocation in cell walls and in Rubisco was found for Castanopsis hystrix, Cyclobalanopsis phanera and Cy. patelliformis, which might imply that nitrogen in the leaves was insufficient for both Rubisco and cell walls. In summary, our study concluded that higher PNUE might contribute to the dominance of most Fagaceae tree species in Jianfengling tropical montane rain forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Tang
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Ruimei Cheng
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zuomin Shi
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Tree and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gexi Xu
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory on Forest Ecology and Environmental Sciences of State Forestry Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Tree and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy
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36
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Onoda Y, Wright IJ, Evans JR, Hikosaka K, Kitajima K, Niinemets Ü, Poorter H, Tosens T, Westoby M. Physiological and structural tradeoffs underlying the leaf economics spectrum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1447-1463. [PMID: 28295374 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The leaf economics spectrum (LES) represents a suite of intercorrelated leaf traits concerning construction costs per unit leaf area, nutrient concentrations, and rates of carbon fixation and tissue turnover. Although broad trade-offs among leaf structural and physiological traits have been demonstrated, we still do not have a comprehensive view of the fundamental constraints underlying the LES trade-offs. Here, we investigated physiological and structural mechanisms underpinning the LES by analysing a novel data compilation incorporating rarely considered traits such as the dry mass fraction in cell walls, nitrogen allocation, mesophyll CO2 diffusion and associated anatomical traits for hundreds of species covering major growth forms. The analysis demonstrates that cell wall constituents are major components of leaf dry mass (18-70%), especially in leaves with high leaf mass per unit area (LMA) and long lifespan. A greater fraction of leaf mass in cell walls is typically associated with a lower fraction of leaf nitrogen (N) invested in photosynthetic proteins; and lower within-leaf CO2 diffusion rates, as a result of thicker mesophyll cell walls. The costs associated with greater investments in cell walls underpin the LES: long leaf lifespans are achieved via higher LMA and in turn by higher cell wall mass fraction, but this inevitably reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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37
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Bahar NHA, Ishida FY, Weerasinghe LK, Guerrieri R, O'Sullivan OS, Bloomfield KJ, Asner GP, Martin RE, Lloyd J, Malhi Y, Phillips OL, Meir P, Salinas N, Cosio EG, Domingues TF, Quesada CA, Sinca F, Escudero Vega A, Zuloaga Ccorimanya PP, Del Aguila-Pasquel J, Quispe Huaypar K, Cuba Torres I, Butrón Loayza R, Pelaez Tapia Y, Huaman Ovalle J, Long BM, Evans JR, Atkin OK. Leaf-level photosynthetic capacity in lowland Amazonian and high-elevation Andean tropical moist forests of Peru. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1002-1018. [PMID: 27389684 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether variations in photosynthetic capacity are linked to variations in the environment and/or associated leaf traits for tropical moist forests (TMFs) in the Andes/western Amazon regions of Peru. We compared photosynthetic capacity (maximal rate of carboxylation of Rubisco (Vcmax ), and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax )), leaf mass, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) per unit leaf area (Ma , Na and Pa , respectively), and chlorophyll from 210 species at 18 field sites along a 3300-m elevation gradient. Western blots were used to quantify the abundance of the CO2 -fixing enzyme Rubisco. Area- and N-based rates of photosynthetic capacity at 25°C were higher in upland than lowland TMFs, underpinned by greater investment of N in photosynthesis in high-elevation trees. Soil [P] and leaf Pa were key explanatory factors for models of area-based Vcmax and Jmax but did not account for variations in photosynthetic N-use efficiency. At any given Na and Pa , the fraction of N allocated to photosynthesis was higher in upland than lowland species. For a small subset of lowland TMF trees examined, a substantial fraction of Rubisco was inactive. These results highlight the importance of soil- and leaf-P in defining the photosynthetic capacity of TMFs, with variations in N allocation and Rubisco activation state further influencing photosynthetic rates and N-use efficiency of these critically important forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur H A Bahar
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - F Yoko Ishida
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Rossella Guerrieri
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Edificio C, 08290, Cerdanyola, Barcelona Spain
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
| | - Odhran S O'Sullivan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Keith J Bloomfield
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Gregory P Asner
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Roberta E Martin
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jon Lloyd
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Oliver L Phillips
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS9 2JT, UK
| | - Patrick Meir
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
| | - Norma Salinas
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
- Seccion Quimica, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, Perú
| | - Eric G Cosio
- Seccion Quimica, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, Perú
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Quesada
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Felipe Sinca
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alberto Escudero Vega
- Seccion Quimica, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Av Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima, Perú
| | - Paola P Zuloaga Ccorimanya
- Escuela Profesional de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av de la Cultura, No. 733, Cusco, Perú
| | - Jhon Del Aguila-Pasquel
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP), Av. José A. Quiñones km. 2.5, Apartado Postal 784, Iquitos, Perú
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Katherine Quispe Huaypar
- Escuela Profesional de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av de la Cultura, No. 733, Cusco, Perú
| | - Israel Cuba Torres
- Escuela Profesional de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av de la Cultura, No. 733, Cusco, Perú
| | - Rosalbina Butrón Loayza
- Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av de la Cultura, No. 733, Cusco, Perú
| | - Yulina Pelaez Tapia
- Escuela Profesional de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av de la Cultura, No. 733, Cusco, Perú
| | - Judit Huaman Ovalle
- Escuela Profesional de Biologia, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av de la Cultura, No. 733, Cusco, Perú
| | - Benedict M Long
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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38
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Fernàndez-Martínez J, Fransi MA, Fleck I. Ecophysiological responses of Betula pendula, Pinus uncinata and Rhododendron ferrugineum in the Catalan Pyrenees to low summer rainfall. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:1520-1535. [PMID: 27784825 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is producing modifications in the intensity and frequency of rainfall in some regions of the planet. According to predictions, annual rainfall distribution in Western Europe will result in an increase in episodes of drought, thereby negatively affecting nutrient availability. Since high mountain systems will be particularly vulnerable, the physiological and nutritional responses to changes in summer rainfall were monitored over the course of two consecutive summers on three species, which are representative of subalpine forests: birch (Betula pendula Roth.), rhododendron (Rhododendron ferrugineum L.) and mountain pine (Pinus uncinata Mill.). Birch was especially susceptible to scarce precipitation showing alterations in leaf morphology and a decline in net photosynthesis (A) due to stomatal closure, which led to photoinhibition and to early leaf senescence as shown by the photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE), carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, foliar N and 13C isotope discrimination (Δ13C) results. The Δ13C of the soluble fraction is a good estimator of intrinsic water-use efficiency in this species. Rhododendron and mountain pine had sclerophyllous leaves, as indicated by leaf mass per area, Δ13C, PNUE and C/N results. Rhododendron was particularly affected by short periods of scarce rainfall, which negatively affected gas exchange and photochemistry, and reduced the remobilization of leaf N and P. Mountain pine was the most tolerant species since alterations of gas exchange, photochemistry and Δ13C were not observed. Its highest investment of N in RuBisCo and highest potassium, iron and magnesium leaf concentration contributed to the highest A rates observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Fernàndez-Martínez
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Alba Fransi
- Medi Ambient i Serveis Urbans-Ecologia Urbana, Ajuntament de Barcelona, Torrent de l'Olla, 218-220, E-08012 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Fleck
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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39
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Hikosaka K. Optimality of nitrogen distribution among leaves in plant canopies. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:299-311. [PMID: 27059755 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The vertical gradient of the leaf nitrogen content in a plant canopy is one of the determinants of vegetation productivity. The ecological significance of the nitrogen distribution in plant canopies has been discussed in relation to its optimality; nitrogen distribution in actual plant canopies is close to but always less steep than the optimal distribution that maximizes canopy photosynthesis. In this paper, I review the optimality of nitrogen distribution within canopies focusing on recent advancements. Although the optimal nitrogen distribution has been believed to be proportional to the light gradient in the canopy, this rule holds only when diffuse light is considered; the optimal distribution is steeper when the direct light is considered. A recent meta-analysis has shown that the nitrogen gradient is similar between herbaceous and tree canopies when it is expressed as the function of the light gradient. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain why nitrogen distribution is suboptimal. However, hypotheses explain patterns observed in some specific stands but not in others; there seems to be no general hypothesis that can explain the nitrogen distributions under different conditions. Therefore, how the nitrogen distribution in canopies is determined remains open for future studies; its understanding should contribute to the correct prediction and improvement of plant productivity under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
- CREST, JST, Tokyo, Japan.
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Niinemets Ü. Does the touch of cold make evergreen leaves tougher? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:267-72. [PMID: 26917702 PMCID: PMC4885950 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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González-Zurdo P, Escudero A, Babiano J, García-Ciudad A, Mediavilla S. Costs of leaf reinforcement in response to winter cold in evergreen species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:273-86. [PMID: 26764268 PMCID: PMC4885944 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The competitive equilibrium between deciduous and evergreen plant species to a large extent depends on the intensity of the reduction in carbon gain undergone by evergreen leaves, associated with the leaf traits that confer resistance to stressful conditions during the unfavourable part of the year. This study explores the effects of winter harshness on the resistance traits of evergreen leaves. Leaf mass per unit area (LMA), leaf thickness and the concentrations of fibre, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), soluble protein, chlorophyll and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) were determined in three evergreen and two deciduous species along a winter temperature gradient. In the evergreen species, LMA, thickness, and P and structural carbohydrate concentrations increased with the decrease in winter temperatures. Nitrogen and lignin concentrations did not show definite patterns in this regard. Chlorophyll, soluble proteins and Rubisco decreased with the increase in winter harshness. Our results suggest that an increase in LMA and in the concentration of structural carbohydrates would be a requirement for the leaves to cope with low winter temperatures. The evergreen habit would be associated with higher costs at cooler sites, because the cold resistance traits imply additional maintenance costs and reduced N allocation to the photosynthetic machinery, associated with structural reinforcement at colder sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia González-Zurdo
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alfonso Escudero
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Josefa Babiano
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Mediavilla
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37071 Salamanca, Spain
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Wang Z, Liu X, Bao W. Higher photosynthetic capacity and different functional trait scaling relationships in erect bryophytes compared with prostrate species. Oecologia 2015; 180:359-69. [PMID: 26552378 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ecophysiological studies of bryophytes have generally been conducted at the shoot or canopy scale. However, their growth forms are diverse, and knowledge of whether bryophytes with different shoot structures have different functional trait levels and scaling relationships is limited. We collected 27 bryophyte species and categorised them into two groups based on their growth forms: erect and prostrate species. Twenty-one morphological, nutrient and photosynthetic traits were quantified. Trait levels and bivariate trait scaling relationships across species were compared between the two groups. The two groups had similar mean values for shoot mass per area (SMA), light saturation point and mass-based nitrogen (N(mass)) and phosphorus concentrations. Erect bryophytes possessed higher values for mass-based chlorophyll concentration (Chl(mass)), light-saturated assimilation rate (A(mass)) and photosynthetic nitrogen/phosphorus use efficiency. N(mass), Chl(mass) and A(mass) were positively related, and these traits were negatively associated with SMA. Furthermore, the slope of the regression of N(mass) versus Chl(mass) was steeper for erect bryophytes than that for prostrate bryophytes, whereas this pattern was reversed for the relationship between Chl(mass) and A(mass). In conclusion, erect bryophytes possess higher photosynthetic capacities than prostrate species. Furthermore, erect bryophytes invest more nitrogen in chloroplast pigments to improve their light-harvesting ability, while the structure of prostrate species permits more efficient light capture. This study confirms the effect of growth form on the functional trait levels and scaling relationships of bryophytes. It also suggests that bryophytes could be good models for investigating the carbon economy and nutrient allocation of plants at the shoot rather than the leaf scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikai Bao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Oguchi R, Ozaki H, Hanada K, Hikosaka K. Which plant trait explains the variations in relative growth rate and its response to elevated carbon dioxide concentration among Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes derived from a variety of habitats? Oecologia 2015; 180:865-76. [PMID: 26494563 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration ([CO2]) enhances plant growth, but this enhancement varies considerably. It is still uncertain which plant traits are quantitatively related to the variation in plant growth. To identify the traits responsible, we developed a growth analysis model that included primary parameters associated with morphology, nitrogen (N) use, and leaf and root activities. We analysed the vegetative growth of 44 ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana L. grown at ambient and elevated [CO2] (800 μmol mol(-1)). The 44 ecotypes were selected such that they were derived from various altitudes and latitudes. Relative growth rate (RGR; growth rate per unit plant mass) and its response to [CO2] varied by 1.5- and 1.7-fold among ecotypes, respectively. The variation in RGR at both [CO2]s was mainly explained by the variation in leaf N productivity (LNP; growth rate per leaf N),which was strongly related to photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE). The variation in the response of RGR to [CO2] was also explained by the variation in the response of LNP to [CO2]. Genomic analyses indicated that there was no phylogenetic constraint on inter-ecotype variation in the CO2 response of RGR or LNP. We conclude that the significant variation in plant growth and its response to [CO2] among ecotypes reflects the variation in N use for photosynthesis among ecotypes, and that the response of PNUE to CO2 is an important target for predicting and/or breeding plants that have high growth rates at elevated [CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Riichi Oguchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ozaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kousuke Hanada
- Frontier Research Academy for Young Researchers, Kyusyu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
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Singh V, Gupta S, Singh H, Raghubanshi AS. Ecophysiological characteristics of five weeds and a wheat crop in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India. WEED BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 2015; 15:102-112. [PMID: 32834774 PMCID: PMC7169674 DOI: 10.1111/wbm.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to compare selected ecophysiological parameters for a wheat crop found in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India and its five dominant weeds. The dominant and regionally ubiquitous weeds in the wheat field that was selected for the study were Anagallis arvensis, Chenopodium album, Melilotus albus, Phalaris minor and Rumex dentatus. Taller weeds, such as C. album and P. minor, constituted one group along with the crop, with a low photosynthetic rate, specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen mass basis, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency and leaf area ratio, in comparison to shorter weeds, such as A. arvensis, M. albus and R. dentatus, which formed another group with a high photosynthetic rate, specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen mass basis, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency and leaf area ratio. Interspecific variations in the photosynthetic rate were driven mainly by variability in the specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content. The taller weeds and the crop had a low specific leaf area later in the season, whereas the smaller weeds had a relatively high specific leaf area, which might be an adaptation to the shaded environment below the canopy. The result indicates that any weed management in the wheat fields of the Indo-Gangetic Plains will need two different approaches because of the different strategies followed by the two weed groups that were identified in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Singh
- Ecosystems Analysis LaboratoryBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Sweta Gupta
- Ecosystems Analysis LaboratoryBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Hema Singh
- Ecosystems Analysis LaboratoryBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
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Moon M, Kang KS, Park IK, Kim T, Kim HS. Effects of leaf nitrogen allocation on the photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency of seedlings of three tropical species in Indonesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-015-0074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang XW, Wang JR, Ji MF, Milne RI, Wang MH, Liu JQ, Shi S, Yang SL, Zhao CM. Higher thermal acclimation potential of respiration but not photosynthesis in two alpine Picea taxa in contrast to two lowland congeners. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123248. [PMID: 25874631 PMCID: PMC4395334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the genus Picea form a dominant component in many alpine and boreal forests which are the major sink for atmospheric CO2. However, little is known about the growth response and acclimation of CO2 exchange characteristics to high temperature stress in Picea taxa from different altitudes. Gas exchange parameters and growth characteristics were recorded from four year old seedlings of two alpine (Picea likiangensis vars. rubescens and linzhiensis) and two lowland (P. koraiensis and P. meyeri) taxa. Seedlings were grown at moderate (25°C/15°C) and high (35°C/25°C) day/night temperatures, for four months. The approximated biomass increment (ΔD2H) for all taxa decreased under high temperature stress, associated with decreased photosynthesis and increased respiration. However, the two alpine taxa exhibited lower photosynthetic acclimation and higher respiratory acclimation than either lowland taxon. Moreover, higher leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) and leaf nitrogen content per unit area (Narea), and a smaller change in the nitrogen use efficiency of photosynthesis (PNUE) for lowland taxa indicated that these maintained higher homeostasis of photosynthesis than alpine taxa. The higher respiration rates produced more energy for repair and maintenance biomass, especially for higher photosynthetic activity for lowland taxa, which causes lower respiratory acclimation. Thus, the changes of ΔD2H for alpine spruces were larger than that for lowland spruces. These results indicate that long term heat stress negatively impact on the growth of Picea seedlings, and alpine taxa are more affected than low altitude ones by high temperature stress. Hence the altitude ranges of Picea taxa should be taken into account when predicting changes to carbon fluxes in warmer conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Ru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ming Fei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Richard Ian Milne
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, King’s Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH93JH, United Kingdom
| | - Ming Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jian-Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shu-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chang-Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Kamiyama C, Oikawa S, Hikosaka K. Seasonal change in light partitioning among coexisting species of different functional groups along elevation gradient in subalpine moorlands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 204:913-23. [PMID: 25103246 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Species niches are expected to differ between different functional groups and between species with different functional traits. However, it is still unclear how functional traits contribute to niche separation between species coexisting in a community and between sites along environmental gradients. We studied seasonal changes in light partitioning among coexisting species belonging to different functional groups in moorland plant communities at different altitudes. We estimated the lifetime light absorption per unit invested leaf biomass (ΦLleafmass) as a measure of the benefit/cost ratio of light acquisition. Evergreen species absorbed more light in spring, whereas deciduous species absorbed more light in summer. A similar tradeoff was also found between short and tall species within each functional group. As a result, evergreen and shorter species had comparable ΦLleafmass values to those of deciduous and taller species. Evergreen species had higher ΦLleafmass at higher altitudes relative to deciduous species, suggesting that evergreen habit is more advantageous for the lifetime light interception at higher altitudes. Our results demonstrate that phenological tradeoffs for light partitioning can contribute to the coexistence of species with different functional traits. Our results also reveal that the most advantageous traits differ depending on environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Kamiyama
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan; Risk Analysis Research Center, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8562, Japan
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Driever SM, Lawson T, Andralojc PJ, Raines CA, Parry MAJ. Natural variation in photosynthetic capacity, growth, and yield in 64 field-grown wheat genotypes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4959-73. [PMID: 24963002 PMCID: PMC4144772 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing photosynthesis in wheat has been identified as an approach to enhance crop yield, with manipulation of key genes involved in electron transport and the Calvin cycle as one avenue currently being explored. However, natural variation in photosynthetic capacity is a currently unexploited genetic resource for potential crop improvement. Using gas-exchange analysis and protein analysis, the existing natural variation in photosynthetic capacity in a diverse panel of 64 elite wheat cultivars grown in the field was examined relative to growth traits, including biomass and harvest index. Significant variations in photosynthetic capacity, biomass, and yield were observed, although no consistent correlation was found between photosynthetic capacity of the flag leaf and grain yield when all cultivars were compared. The majority of the variation in photosynthesis could be explained by components related to maximum capacity and operational rates of CO2 assimilation, and to CO2 diffusion. Cluster analysis revealed that cultivars may have been bred unintentionally for desirable traits at the expense of photosynthetic capacity. These findings suggest that there is significant underutilized photosynthetic capacity among existing wheat varieties. Our observations are discussed in the context of exploiting existing natural variation in physiological processes for the improvement of photosynthesis in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Driever
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - T Lawson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - P J Andralojc
- Plant Biology & Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - C A Raines
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - M A J Parry
- Plant Biology & Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
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Hikosaka K. Optimal nitrogen distribution within a leaf canopy under direct and diffuse light. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2077-85. [PMID: 24506525 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen distribution within a leaf canopy is an important determinant of canopy carbon gain. Previous theoretical studies have predicted that canopy photosynthesis is maximized when the amount of photosynthetic nitrogen is proportionally allocated to the absorbed light. However, most of such studies used a simple Beer's law for light extinction to calculate optimal distribution, and it is not known whether this holds true when direct and diffuse light are considered together. Here, using an analytical solution and model simulations, optimal nitrogen distribution is shown to be very different between models using Beer's law and direct-diffuse light. The presented results demonstrate that optimal nitrogen distribution under direct-diffuse light is steeper than that under diffuse light only. The whole-canopy carbon gain is considerably increased by optimizing nitrogen distribution compared with that in actual canopies in which nitrogen distribution is not optimized. This suggests that optimization of nitrogen distribution can be an effective target trait for improving plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan; CREST, JST, Japan
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