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Wang Y, Torres-García D, Mostert TP, Reinalda L, Van Kasteren SI. A Bioorthogonal Dual Fluorogenic Probe for the Live-Cell Monitoring of Nutrient Uptake by Mammalian Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401733. [PMID: 38716701 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Cells rely heavily on the uptake of exogenous nutrients for survival, growth, and differentiation. Yet quantifying the uptake of small molecule nutrients at the single cell level is difficult. Here we present a new approach to studying the nutrient uptake in live single cells using Inverse Electron-Demand Diels Alder (IEDDA) chemistry. We have modified carboxyfluorescein-diacetate-succinimidyl esters (CFSE)-a quenched fluorophore that can covalently react with proteins and is only turned on in the cytosol of a cell following esterase activity-with a tetrazine. This tetrazine serves as a second quencher for the pendant fluorophore. Upon reaction with nutrients modified with an electron-rich or strained dienophile in an IEDDA reaction, this quenching group is destroyed, thereby enabling the probe to fluoresce. This has allowed us to monitor the uptake of a variety of dienophile-containing nutrients in live primary immune cell populations using flow cytometry and live-cell microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Torres-García
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thijmen P Mostert
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk Reinalda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sander I Van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Yang Y, Hong Q, Zhang X, Liu Z. Rheumatoid arthritis and the intestinal microbiome: probiotics as a potential therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331486. [PMID: 38510244 PMCID: PMC10950920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by swollen joints, discomfort, stiffness, osteoporosis, and reduced functionality. Genetics, smoking, dust inhalation, high BMI, and hormonal and gut microbiota dysbiosis are all likely causes of the onset or development of RA, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Compared to healthy controls, patients with RA have a significantly different composition of gut microbiota. It is well known that the human gut microbiota plays a key role in the initiation, maintenance, and operation of the host immune system. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has local or systematic adverse effects on the host immune system, resulting in host susceptibility to various diseases, including RA. Studies on the intestinal microbiota modulation and immunomodulatory properties of probiotics have been reported, in order to identify their potential possibility in prevention and disease activity control of RA. This review summarized current studies on the role and potential mechanisms of gut microbiota in the development and progression of RA, as well as the preventative and therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of probiotics on RA. Additionally, we proposed the challenges and difficulties in the application of probiotics in RA, providing the direction for the research and application of probiotics in the prevention of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
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Siddiqui F, Gallagher D, Shuster-Hyman H, Lopez L, Gauthier-Fisher A, Librach CL. First trimester human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVC) modulate the kynurenine pathway and glutamate neurotransmission in an LPS-induced mouse model of neuroinflammation. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:15. [PMID: 37127610 PMCID: PMC10152638 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Kynurenine Pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation and glutamate toxicity is implicated in several neurological disorders, including depression. The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), owing to their well documented phagocytosis-driven mechanism of immunomodulation and neuroprotection, has been tested in many neurological disorders. However, their potential to influence KP and the glutamatergic system has not yet been investigated. Hence, this study sought to investigate the effect of HUCPVC, a rich and potent source of MSC, on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated KP metabolites, KP enzymes, and key components of glutamate neurotransmission. METHODS The immunomodulatory effect of peripherally administered HUCPVC on the expression profile of kynurenine pathway metabolites and enzymes was assessed in the plasma and brain of mice treated with LPS using LCMS and QPCR. An assessment of the glutamatergic system, including selected receptors, transporters and related proteins was also conducted by QPCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS HUCPVC were found to modulate LPS-induced activation of KP enzymes and metabolites in the brain associated with neurotoxicity. Moreover, the reduced expression of the glutamatergic components due to LPS was also found to be significantly improved by HUCPVC. CONCLUSIONS The immunomodulatory properties of HUCPVC appear to confer neuroprotection, at least in part, through their ability to modulate the KP in the brain. This KP modulation enhances neuroprotective regulators and downregulates neurotoxic consequences, including glutamate neurotoxicity, which is associated with neuroinflammation and depressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fyyaz Siddiqui
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada.
| | - Denis Gallagher
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada
| | - Hannah Shuster-Hyman
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lianet Lopez
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada
| | | | - Clifford L Librach
- CReATe Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 1100, Toronto, ON, M5G 1N8, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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4
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Apaydın H, Koca Bicer C, Feyza Yurt E, Abdulkadir Serdar M, Dogan İ, Erten S. Elevated Kynurenine Levels in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Lab Med 2023; 54:166-172. [PMID: 36053233 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the plasma levels of tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS The study included 34 pSS patients and 42 healthy individuals, and serum Trp and kynurenine (Kyn) concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Trp degradation was predicted using the ratio of Kyn and Trp concentrations (Kyn/Trp). RESULTS In our study, the mean serum Trp concentration was found to be considerably lower in the pSS group than in the control group (P = .001). The levels of Kyn (P = .019) and the Kyn/Trp ratio (P < .001) were significantly higher in the pSS group than in the control group. The Kyn/Trp ratio was negatively correlated with C-reactive protein (r = -0.369, P = .032). CONCLUSION We found that Kyn pathway metabolism was altered in patients with pSS. This suggests that Trp metabolism may be closely linked to the disease pathogenesis of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Apaydın
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemile Koca Bicer
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Feyza Yurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - İsmail Dogan
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sukran Erten
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Midttun Ø, Ulvik A, Meyer K, Zahed H, Giles GG, Manjer J, Sandsveden M, Langhammer A, Sørgjerd EP, Behndig AF, Johansson M, Freedman ND, Huang WY, Chen C, Prentice R, Stevens VL, Wang Y, Le Marchand L, Weinstein SJ, Cai Q, Arslan AA, Chen Y, Shu XO, Zheng W, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Visvanathan K, Sesso HD, Zhang X, Gaziano JM, Fanidi A, Robbins HA, Brennan P, Johansson M, Ueland PM. A cross-sectional study of inflammatory markers as determinants of circulating kynurenines in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1011. [PMID: 36653422 PMCID: PMC9849351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating concentrations of metabolites (collectively called kynurenines) in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism increase during inflammation, particularly in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Neopterin and the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR) are IFN-γ induced inflammatory markers, and together with C-reactive protein (CRP) and kynurenines they are associated with various diseases, but comprehensive data on the strength of associations of inflammatory markers with circulating concentrations of kynurenines are lacking. We measured circulating concentrations of neopterin, CRP, tryptophan and seven kynurenines in 5314 controls from 20 cohorts in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3). The associations of neopterin, KTR and CRP with kynurenines were investigated using regression models. In mixed models, one standard deviation (SD) higher KTR was associated with a 0.46 SD higher quinolinic acid (QA), and 0.31 SD higher 3-hydroxykynurenine (HK). One SD higher neopterin was associated with 0.48, 0.44, 0.36 and 0.28 SD higher KTR, QA, kynurenine and HK, respectively. KTR and neopterin respectively explained 24.1% and 16.7% of the variation in QA, and 11.4% and 7.5% of HK. CRP was only weakly associated with kynurenines in regression models. In summary, QA was the metabolite that was most strongly associated with the inflammatory markers. In general, the inflammatory markers were most strongly related to metabolites located along the tryptophan-NAD axis, which may support suggestions of increased production of NAD from tryptophan during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øivind Midttun
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Arve Ulvik
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Klaus Meyer
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hana Zahed
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malte Sandsveden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmo, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Hunt Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Hunt Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Annelie F Behndig
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umea University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Ross Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Ying Wang
- American Cancer Society, Atlanta, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Alan A Arslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baltimore, USA
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hilary A Robbins
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Per M Ueland
- Bevital AS, Laboratory Building, Jonas Lies Veg 87, 5021, Bergen, Norway
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Stone TW, Clanchy FIL, Huang YS, Chiang NY, Darlington LG, Williams RO. An integrated cytokine and kynurenine network as the basis of neuroimmune communication. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1002004. [PMID: 36507331 PMCID: PMC9729788 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two of the molecular families closely associated with mediating communication between the brain and immune system are cytokines and the kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan. Both groups regulate neuron and glial activity in the central nervous system (CNS) and leukocyte function in the immune system, although neither group alone completely explains neuroimmune function, disease occurrence or severity. This essay suggests that the two families perform complementary functions generating an integrated network. The kynurenine pathway determines overall neuronal excitability and plasticity by modulating glutamate receptors and GPR35 activity across the CNS, and regulates general features of immune cell status, surveillance and tolerance which often involves the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR). Equally, cytokines and chemokines define and regulate specific populations of neurons, glia or immune system leukocytes, generating more specific responses within restricted CNS regions or leukocyte populations. In addition, as there is a much larger variety of these compounds, their homing properties enable the superimposition of dynamic variations of cell activity upon local, spatially limited, cell populations. This would in principle allow the targeting of potential treatments to restricted regions of the CNS. The proposed synergistic interface of 'tonic' kynurenine pathway affecting baseline activity and the superimposed 'phasic' cytokine system would constitute an integrated network explaining some features of neuroimmune communication. The concept would broaden the scope for the development of new treatments for disorders involving both the CNS and immune systems, with safer and more effective agents targeted to specific CNS regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Trevor W. Stone,
| | - Felix I. L. Clanchy
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Shu Huang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nien-Yi Chiang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L. Gail Darlington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ashtead Hospital, Ashtead, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O. Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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7
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He G, Wan S, Wu Y, Chu Z, Shen H, Zhang S, Chen L, Bao Z, Gu S, Huang J, Huang L, Gong G, Zou Y, Zhu Q, Xu Y. Discovery of the First Selective IDO2 Inhibitor As Novel Immunotherapeutic Avenues for Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14348-14365. [PMID: 35952367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), a closely related homologue of well-studied immunomodulatory enzyme IDO1, has been identified as a pathogenic mediator of inflammatory autoimmunity in preclinical models. Therapeutic targeting IDO2 in autoimmune diseases has been challenging due to the lack of small-molecule IDO2 inhibitors. Here, based on our previously developed IDO1/IDO2 dual inhibitor, guided by the homology model of the IDO2 structure, we discovered compound 22, the most potent inhibitor targeting IDO2 with good in vitro inhibitory activity (IDO2 IC50 = 112 nM). Notably, treatment with 22 alleviated disease severity and reduced inflammatory cytokines in both the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model and adjuvant arthritis (AA) rat model. Our study offered for the first time a selective small-molecule IDO2 inhibitor 22 with IC50 at the nanomolar level, which may be used not only as a candidate compound for the treatment of autoimmune diseases but also as a tool compound for further IDO2-related mechanistic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Sheng Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yunze Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhaoxing Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Linya Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zijing Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shuhui Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Junzhang Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Guoqing Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qihua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yungen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Nkandeu DS, Basson C, Joubert AM, Serem JC, Bipath P, Nyakudya T, Hlophe Y. The involvement of a chemokine receptor antagonist CTCE-9908 and kynurenine metabolites in cancer development. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:608-622. [PMID: 35789495 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Skin cancer is the most common cancer in South Africa with nearly 20,000 reported cases every year and 700 deaths. If diagnosed early, the 5-year survival rate is about 90%, however, when diagnosed late, the 5-year survival rate decreases to about 20%. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer with an estimated 5-year survival rate of approximately 90%. Neuroblastoma is a paediatric cancer with a low survival rate. Sixty percent of patients with metastatic disease do not survive 5 years after diagnosis. Despite recent advances in targeted therapies, there is a crucial need to identify reliable prognostic biomarkers which will be able to contribute to the development of more precision-based chemotherapeutic strategies to prevent tumour migration and metastasis. The compound, CTCE-9908 inhibits the binding of CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) to the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) receptor leading to reduced metastasis. Kynurenine metabolites are derived tryptophan, which is an essential amino acid. Kynurenine metabolites inhibit T-cell proliferation resulting in cell growth arrest. For this reason, chemokines receptors represent potential targets for the treatment of cancer growth and metastasis. In this review paper, the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling pathway in the development of cancer is highlighted together with the current available treatments involving the CTCE-9908 compound in combination with microtubule inhibitors like paclitaxel and docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Sandra Nkandeu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charlize Basson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anna Margaretha Joubert
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - June Cheptoo Serem
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Priyesh Bipath
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Trevor Nyakudya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yvette Hlophe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Kazmi S, Khan MA, Shamma T, Altuhami A, Assiri AM, Broering DC. Therapeutic nexus of T cell immunometabolism in improving transplantation immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Liu H, Chen YG. The Interplay Between TGF-β Signaling and Cell Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:846723. [PMID: 35359452 PMCID: PMC8961331 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.846723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a critical role in the development and tissue homeostasis in metazoans, and deregulation of TGF-β signaling leads to many pathological conditions. Mounting evidence suggests that TGF-β signaling can actively alter metabolism in diverse cell types. Furthermore, metabolic pathways, beyond simply regarded as biochemical reactions, are closely intertwined with signal transduction. Here, we discuss the role of TGF-β in glucose, lipid, amino acid, redox and polyamine metabolism with an emphasis on how TGF-β can act as a metabolic modulator and how metabolic changes can influence TGF-β signaling. We also describe how interplay between TGF-β signaling and cell metabolism regulates cellular homeostasis as well as the progression of multiple diseases, including cancer.
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11
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Orsatti L, Stiehl T, Dischinger K, Speziale R, Di Pasquale P, Monteagudo E, Müller-Tidow C, Radujkovic A, Dreger P, Luft T. Kynurenine pathway activation and deviation to anthranilic and kynurenic acid in fibrosing chronic graft-versus-host disease. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100409. [PMID: 34755129 PMCID: PMC8561165 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosing chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a debilitating complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). A driver of fibrosis is the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway, and Kyn metabolism patterns and cytokines may influence cGVHD severity and manifestation (fibrosing versus gastrointestinal [GI] cGVHD). Using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach on sera obtained from 425 patients with allografts, we identified high CXCL9, high indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity, and an activated Kyn pathway as common characteristics in all cGVHD subtypes. Specific Kyn metabolism patterns could be identified for non-severe cGVHD, severe GI cGVHD, and fibrosing cGVHD, respectively. Specifically, fibrosing cGVHD was associated with a distinct pathway shift toward anthranilic and kynurenic acid, correlating with reduced activity of the vitamin-B2-dependent kynurenine monooxygenase, low vitamin B6, and increased interleukin-18. The Kyn metabolite signature is a candidate biomarker for severe fibrosing cGVHD and provides a rationale for translational trials on prophylactic vitamin B2/B6 supplementation for cGVHD prevention. High IDO activity and an activated Kyn pathway are common in all cGVHD subtypes Specific Kyn metabolism patterns were identified for gastrointestinal and fibrosing cGVHD A pathway shift toward anthranilic and kynurenic acid was found in fibrosing cGVHD A rationale for vitamin B2/B6 adjustment for cGVHD prevention is presented
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orsatti
- ADME/DMPK Department, IRBM SpA, Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas Stiehl
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine–Disease Modeling, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Dreger
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Luft
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Corresponding author
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12
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Morita N, Hoshi M, Hara T, Ninomiya S, Enoki T, Yoneda M, Tsurumi H, Saito K. Viability of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells is regulated by kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activity. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:790. [PMID: 34584567 PMCID: PMC8461759 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically heterogeneous lymphoid malignancy that is the most common type of lymphoma in Japan. Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with DLBCL have a poor prognosis due to increased levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygnase and kynurenine (KYN). However, the roles of metabolites acting downstream of KYN and associated enzymes are not fully understood. The present study investigated the role of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), which catalyzes the conversion of KYN to 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), using serum samples from patients with DLBCL and human DLBCL cell lines with different KMO expression [STR-428 cells with high levels of KMO expression (KMOhigh) and KML-1 cells with low levels of KMO expression (KMOlow)]. Serum samples from 28 patients with DLBCL and 34 healthy volunteers were used to investigate the association between prognosis and KMO activity or 3-HK levels. Furthermore, to investigate the roles of KMO and its related metabolites, STR-428 and KML-1 cell lines, and the lymph nodes of patients with DLBCL were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR for KMO, KYNU, 3-hydroxyanthranilate-3,4-dioxygenase and quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase, by western blotting, and immunohistochemical or immunofluorescence staining for KMO, and by cell viability and NAD+/NADH assays. KYN pathway metabolites in serum samples were measured by HPLC. Serum 3-HK levels were regulated independently of serum KYN levels, and increased serum 3-HK levels and KMO activity were found to be associated with worse disease progression. Notably, the addition of KMO inhibitors and 3-HK negatively and positively regulated the viability of DLBCL cells, respectively. Furthermore, NAD+ levels in KMOhigh STR-428 cells were significantly higher than those in KMOlow KML-1 cells. These results suggested that 3-HK generated by KMO activity may be involved in the regulation of DLBCL cell viability via NAD+ synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanaka Morita
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masato Hoshi
- Department of Biochemical and Analytical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hara
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Matsunami General Hospital, Kasamatsucho, Gifu 501-6062, Japan
| | - Soranobu Ninomiya
- Department of Hematology, Matsunami General Hospital, Kasamatsucho, Gifu 501-6062, Japan
| | - Taisuke Enoki
- Department of Educational Collaboration, Health and Safety Sciences, Osaka Kyoiku University, Kashiwara, Osaka 582-8285, Japan
| | - Misao Yoneda
- Department of Pathology, Suzuka University of Medical Sciences, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tsurumi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Matsunami General Hospital, Kasamatsucho, Gifu 501-6062, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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13
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Multiple roles of haem in cystathionine β-synthase activity: implications for hemin and other therapies of acute hepatic porphyria. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229241. [PMID: 34251022 PMCID: PMC8298261 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of haem in the activity of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is reviewed and a hypothesis postulating multiple effects of haem on enzyme activity under conditions of haem excess or deficiency is proposed, with implications for some therapies of acute hepatic porphyrias. CBS utilises both haem and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) as cofactors. Although haem does not participate directly in the catalytic process, it is vital for PLP binding to the enzyme and potentially also for CBS stability. Haem deficiency can therefore undermine CBS activity by impairing PLP binding and facilitating CBS degradation. Excess haem can also impair CBS activity by inhibiting it via CO resulting from haem induction of haem oxygenase 1 (HO 1), and by induction of a functional vitamin B6 deficiency following activation of hepatic tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and subsequent utilisation of PLP by enhanced kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) and kynureninase (Kynase) activities. CBS inhibition results in accumulation of the cardiovascular risk factor homocysteine (Hcy) and evidence is emerging for plasma Hcy elevation in patients with acute hepatic porphyrias. Decreased CBS activity may also induce a proinflammatory state, inhibit expression of haem oxygenase and activate the extrahepatic kynurenine pathway (KP) thereby further contributing to the Hcy elevation. The hypothesis predicts likely changes in CBS activity and plasma Hcy levels in untreated hepatic porphyria patients and in those receiving hemin or certain gene-based therapies. In the present review, these aspects are discussed, means of testing the hypothesis in preclinical experimental settings and porphyric patients are suggested and potential nutritional and other therapies are proposed.
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14
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de Barros TT, Venancio VDP, Hernandes LC, Antunes LMG, Hillesheim E, Salomão RG, Mathias MG, Coelho-Landell CA, Toffano RBD, Almada MORDV, Camelo-Junior JS, Moco S, Cominetti O, Ued FDV, Kaput J, Monteiro JP. DNA Damage, n-3 Long-Chain PUFA Levels and Proteomic Profile in Brazilian Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082483. [PMID: 34444642 PMCID: PMC8401971 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids play a significant role in maintaining cellular and DNA protection and we previously found an inverse relationship between blood levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and DNA damage. The aim of this study was to explore differences in proteomic profiles, for 117 pro-inflammatory proteins, in two previously defined groups of individuals with different DNA damage and EPA and DHA levels. Healthy children and adolescents (n = 140) aged 9 to 13 years old in an urban area of Brazil were divided by k-means cluster test into two clusters of DNA damage (tail intensity) using the comet assay (cluster 1 = 5.9% ± 1.2 and cluster 2 = 13.8% ± 3.1) in our previous study. The cluster with higher DNA damage and lower levels of DHA (6.2 ± 1.6 mg/dL; 5.4 ± 1.3 mg/dL, p = 0.003) and EPA (0.6 ± 0.2 mg/dL; 0.5 ± 0.1 mg/dL, p < 0.001) presented increased expression of the proteins CDK8-CCNC, PIK3CA-PIK3R1, KYNU, and PRKCB, which are involved in pro-inflammatory pathways. Our findings support the hypothesis that low levels of n-3 long-chain PUFA may have a less protective role against DNA damage through expression of pro-inflammatory proteins, such as CDK8-CCNC, PIK3CA-PIK3R1, KYNU, and PRKCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris Trevisan de Barros
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vinicius de Paula Venancio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (V.d.P.V.); (L.M.G.A.)
| | - Lívia Cristina Hernandes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (V.d.P.V.); (L.M.G.A.)
| | - Lusania Maria Greggi Antunes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (V.d.P.V.); (L.M.G.A.)
| | - Elaine Hillesheim
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Roberta Garcia Salomão
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Mariana Giaretta Mathias
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Carolina Almeida Coelho-Landell
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Roseli Borges Donegá Toffano
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Maria Olimpia Ribeiro do Vale Almada
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
| | - José Simon Camelo-Junior
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Sofia Moco
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, EPFL Innovation Park, CH1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.M.); (O.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Ornella Cominetti
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, EPFL Innovation Park, CH1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.M.); (O.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Fábio da Veiga Ued
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil;
| | - Jim Kaput
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, EPFL Innovation Park, CH1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.M.); (O.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Jacqueline Pontes Monteiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (E.H.); (R.G.S.); (M.G.M.); (C.A.C.-L.); (R.B.D.T.); (M.O.R.d.V.A.); (J.S.C.-J.); (J.P.M.)
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15
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Uremic Toxins and Their Relation with Oxidative Stress Induced in Patients with CKD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126196. [PMID: 34201270 PMCID: PMC8229520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of toxins is believed to be a major factor in the development of uremia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Uremic toxins have been divided into 3 groups: small substances dissolved in water, medium molecules: peptides and low molecular weight proteins, and protein-bound toxins. One of the earliest known toxins is urea, the concentration of which was considered negligible in CKD patients. However, subsequent studies have shown that it can lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induce insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo, as well as cause carbamylation of proteins, peptides, and amino acids. Other uremic toxins and their participation in the damage caused by oxidative stress to biological material are also presented. Macromolecules and molecules modified as a result of carbamylation, oxidative stress, and their adducts with uremic toxins, may lead to cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of mortality in patients with CKD.
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16
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Ravid JD, Kamel MH, Chitalia VC. Uraemic solutes as therapeutic targets in CKD-associated cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:402-416. [PMID: 33758363 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the retention of a myriad of solutes termed uraemic (or uremic) toxins, which inflict damage to several organs, including the cardiovascular system. Uraemic toxins can induce hallmarks of cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as atherothrombosis, heart failure, dysrhythmias, vessel calcification and dysregulated angiogenesis. CVD is an important driver of mortality in patients with CKD; however, reliance on conventional approaches to managing CVD risk is insufficient in these patients, underscoring a need to target risk factors that are specific to CKD. Mounting evidence suggests that targeting uraemic toxins and/or pathways induced by uraemic toxins, including tryptophan metabolites and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), can lower the risk of CVD in patients with CKD. Although tangible therapies resulting from our growing knowledge of uraemic toxicity are yet to materialize, a number of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have the potential to abrogate the effects of uraemic toxins, for example, by decreasing the production of uraemic toxins, by modifying metabolic pathways induced by uraemic toxins such as those controlled by aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling and by augmenting the clearance of uraemic toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Ravid
- School of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohamed Hassan Kamel
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vipul C Chitalia
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. .,Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA. .,Global Co-creation Lab, Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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17
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Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut-Brain Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062973. [PMID: 33804088 PMCID: PMC8000752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid critical for protein synthesis in humans that has emerged as a key player in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It is the only precursor for the neurotransmitter serotonin, which is vital for the processing of emotional regulation, hunger, sleep, and pain, as well as colonic motility and secretory activity in the gut. Tryptophan catabolites from the kynurenine degradation pathway also modulate neural activity and are active in the systemic inflammatory cascade. Additionally, tryptophan and its metabolites support the development of the central and enteric nervous systems. Accordingly, dysregulation of tryptophan metabolites plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Gut microbes influence tryptophan metabolism directly and indirectly, with corresponding changes in behavior and cognition. The gut microbiome has thus garnered much attention as a therapeutic target for both neurologic and psychiatric disorders where tryptophan and its metabolites play a prominent role. In this review, we will touch upon some of these features and their involvement in health and disease.
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18
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Kim M, Tomek P. Tryptophan: A Rheostat of Cancer Immune Escape Mediated by Immunosuppressive Enzymes IDO1 and TDO. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636081. [PMID: 33708223 PMCID: PMC7940516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Blockade of the immunosuppressive tryptophan catabolism mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) holds enormous promise for sensitising cancer patients to immune checkpoint blockade. Yet, only IDO1 inhibitors had entered clinical trials so far, and those agents have generated disappointing clinical results. Improved understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the immune-regulatory function of the tryptophan catabolism is likely to optimise therapeutic strategies to block this pathway. The immunosuppressive role of tryptophan metabolite kynurenine is becoming increasingly clear, but it remains a mystery if tryptophan exerts functions beyond serving as a precursor for kynurenine. Here we hypothesise that tryptophan acts as a rheostat of kynurenine-mediated immunosuppression by competing with kynurenine for entry into immune T-cells through the amino acid transporter called System L. This hypothesis stems from the observations that elevated tryptophan levels in TDO-knockout mice relieve immunosuppression instigated by IDO1, and that the vacancy of System L transporter modulates kynurenine entry into CD4+ T-cells. This hypothesis has two potential therapeutic implications. Firstly, potent TDO inhibitors are expected to indirectly inhibit IDO1 hence development of TDO-selective inhibitors appears advantageous compared to IDO1-selective and dual IDO1/TDO inhibitors. Secondly, oral supplementation with System L substrates such as leucine represents a novel potential therapeutic modality to restrain the immunosuppressive kynurenine and restore anti-tumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minah Kim
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Petr Tomek
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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19
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Sumitomo M, Takahara K, Zennami K, Nagakawa T, Maeda Y, Shiogama K, Yamamoto Y, Muto Y, Nukaya T, Takenaka M, Fukaya K, Ichino M, Sasaki H, Saito K, Shiroki R. Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in tumor cells is associated with resistance to immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1038-1047. [PMID: 33410234 PMCID: PMC7935775 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a key enzyme associated with immunomodulation through its regulation of the tryptophan‐kynurenine (Kyn) pathway in advanced cancers, including metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, the failure of IDO1 inhibitors when used in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as observed in clinical trials, raises a number of questions. This study aimed to investigate the association of tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase (TDO) and IDO1 with cancer development and resistance to immunotherapy in patients with RCC. In our analysis of RCC tissue samples, tissue Kyn levels were elevated in advanced‐stage RCC and correlated well with TDO expression levels in RCC tumor cells. In patients with mRCC, TDO rather than IDO1 was expressed in RCC tumor cells, showing a strong association with Kyn expression. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of TDO was strongly associated with the staining intensity of forkhead box P3, as well as ICI therapy response and survival in patients with mRCC. Our study is the first to show that TDO expression in tumor tissues is associated with progression and survival, confirming its potential as a predictive biomarker of primary resistance to immunotherapy in patients with mRCC. Our findings suggest that strategies aimed at inhibiting TDO, rather than IDO1, in combination with ICI therapy may aid in the control of mRCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sumitomo
- Fujita Cancer Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.,Department of Medical Research for Intractable Disease, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takahara
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kenji Zennami
- Fujita Cancer Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nagakawa
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Maeda
- Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Center for Joint Research Facilities Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Muto
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takuhisa Nukaya
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masashi Takenaka
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fukaya
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Manabu Ichino
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sasaki
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Shiroki
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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20
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Mirgaux M, Leherte L, Wouters J. Influence of the presence of the heme cofactor on the JK-loop structure in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 76:1211-1221. [DOI: 10.1107/s2059798320013510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 has sparked interest as an immunotherapeutic target in cancer research. Its structure includes a loop, named the JK-loop, that controls the orientation of the substrate or inhibitor within the active site. However, little has been reported about the crystal structure of this loop. In the present work, the conformation of the JK-loop is determined for the first time in the presence of the heme cofactor in the active site through X-ray diffraction experiments (2.44 Å resolution). Molecular-dynamics trajectories were also obtained to provide dynamic information about the loop according to the presence of cofactor. This new structural and dynamic information highlights the importance of the JK-loop in confining the labile heme cofactor to the active site.
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21
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Early lung cancer diagnostic biomarker discovery by machine learning methods. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100907. [PMID: 33217646 PMCID: PMC7683339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis could improve lung cancer survival rate. The availability of blood-based screening could increase lung cancer patient uptake. An interdisciplinary mechanism combines metabolomics and machine learning methods. Metabolic biomarkers could be potential screening biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer. Naïve Bayes is recommended as an exploitable tool for early lung tumor prediction.
Early diagnosis has been proved to improve survival rate of lung cancer patients. The availability of blood-based screening could increase early lung cancer patient uptake. Our present study attempted to discover Chinese patients’ plasma metabolites as diagnostic biomarkers for lung cancer. In this work, we use a pioneering interdisciplinary mechanism, which is firstly applied to lung cancer, to detect early lung cancer diagnostic biomarkers by combining metabolomics and machine learning methods. We collected total 110 lung cancer patients and 43 healthy individuals in our study. Levels of 61 plasma metabolites were from targeted metabolomic study using LC-MS/MS. A specific combination of six metabolic biomarkers note-worthily enabling the discrimination between stage I lung cancer patients and healthy individuals (AUC = 0.989, Sensitivity = 98.1%, Specificity = 100.0%). And the top 5 relative importance metabolic biomarkers developed by FCBF algorithm also could be potential screening biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer. Naïve Bayes is recommended as an exploitable tool for early lung tumor prediction. This research will provide strong support for the feasibility of blood-based screening, and bring a more accurate, quick and integrated application tool for early lung cancer diagnostic. The proposed interdisciplinary method could be adapted to other cancer beyond lung cancer.
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Zhang S, Guo L, Yang D, Xing Z, Li W, Kuang C, Yang Q. Evaluation and comparison of the commonly used bioassays of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104348. [PMID: 33142415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) are potential drugs for the treatment of tumor and neurological diseases. A variety of bioassays have been developed to evaluate IDO1/TDO (IDO1 and/or TDO) inhibitors, with uncertainty regarding how the differences in the assay methods or protocols may influence the assay outcomes. The enzymatic assays of IDO1/TDO are usually performed with NFK assay and Kyn adduct assay while the cellular assays of IDO1 are carried out with Hela assay and HEK293 assay. The present study focused on the comparison of the most common bioassays of IDO1/TDO. In addition, the effects of major factors of bioassays such as reaction time and culture medium on the assay outcomes were evaluated. The study will provide reference for the researchers to select IDO1/TDO inhibitors with bioassays, and promote the development of IDO1/TDO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Leilei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Zikang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Weirui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092 Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Proietti E, Rossini S, Grohmann U, Mondanelli G. Polyamines and Kynurenines at the Intersection of Immune Modulation. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:1037-1050. [PMID: 33055013 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines (i.e., putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are bioactive polycations capable of binding nucleic acids and proteins and modulating signaling pathways. Polyamine functions have been studied most extensively in tumors, where they can promote cell transformation and proliferation. Recently, spermidine was found to exert protective effects in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and to confer immunoregulatory properties on dendritic cells (DCs), via the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme. IDO1 converts l-tryptophan into metabolites, collectively known as kynurenines, endowed with several immunoregulatory effects via activation of the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Because AhR activation increases polyamine production, the emerging scenario has identified polyamines and kynurenines as actors of an immunoregulatory circuitry with potential implications for immunotherapy in autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Proietti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sofia Rossini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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Mor A, Kalaska B, Pawlak D. Kynurenine Pathway in Chronic Kidney Disease: What’s Old, What’s New, and What’s Next? Int J Tryptophan Res 2020; 13:1178646920954882. [PMID: 35210786 PMCID: PMC8862190 DOI: 10.1177/1178646920954882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired kidney function and increased inflammatory process occurring in the course of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) contribute to the development of complex amino-acid alterations. The essential amino-acid tryptophan (TRP) undergoes extensive metabolism along several pathways, resulting in the production of many biologically active compounds. The results of many studies have shown that its metabolism via the kynurenine pathway is potently increased in the course of CKD. Metabolites of this pathway exhibit differential, sometimes opposite, roles in several biological processes. Their accumulation in the course of CKD may induce oxidative cell damage which stimulates inflammatory processes. They can also modulate the activity of numerous cellular signaling pathways through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, leading to the disruption of homeostasis of various organs. As a result, they can contribute to the development of the systemic disorders accompanying the course of chronic renal failure. This review gathers and systematizes reports concerning the knowledge connecting the kynurenine pathway metabolites to systemic disorders accompanying the development of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Mor
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Kalaska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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25
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Cabbia A, Hilbers PA, van Riel NA. A Distance-Based Framework for the Characterization of Metabolic Heterogeneity in Large Sets of Genome-Scale Metabolic Models. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 1:100080. [PMID: 33205127 PMCID: PMC7660451 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression and protein abundance data of cells or tissues belonging to healthy and diseased individuals can be integrated and mapped onto genome-scale metabolic networks to produce patient-derived models. As the number of available and newly developed genome-scale metabolic models increases, new methods are needed to objectively analyze large sets of models and to identify the determinants of metabolic heterogeneity. We developed a distance-based workflow that combines consensus machine learning and metabolic modeling techniques and used it to apply pattern recognition algorithms to collections of genome-scale metabolic models, both microbial and human. Model composition, network topology and flux distribution provide complementary aspects of metabolic heterogeneity in patient-specific genome-scale models of skeletal muscle. Using consensus clustering analysis we identified the metabolic processes involved in the individual responses to endurance training in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cabbia
- Computational Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A.J. Hilbers
- Computational Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Natal A.W. van Riel
- Computational Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 5, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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26
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Amino Acid Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Friend or Foe? Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091280. [PMID: 32899743 PMCID: PMC7563518 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, amino acid metabolism has evolved to act as a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of inflammatory arthropathy sustained by autoimmune responses. We examine here the current knowledge of tryptophan and arginine metabolisms and the main immunoregulatory pathways in amino acid catabolism, in both RA patients and experimental models of arthritis. We found that l-tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and, in particular, the kynurenine pathway would exert protective effects in all experimental models and in some, but not all, RA patients, possibly due to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene coding for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1; the enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway). The function, i.e., either protective or pathogenetic, of the l-arginine (Arg) metabolism in RA was less clear. In fact, although immunoregulatory arginase 1 (ARG1) was highly induced at the synovial level in RA patients, its true functional role is still unknown, possibly because of few available preclinical data. Therefore, our analysis would indicate that amino acid metabolism represents a fruitful area of research for new drug targets for a more effective and safe therapy of RA and that further studies are demanding to pursue such an important objective.
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27
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Huang JY, Larose TL, Wang R, Fanidi A, Alcala K, Stevens VL, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D, Caporaso N, Purdue M, Zeigler R, Freedman N, Lan Q, Prentice R, Pettinger M, Thomsen CA, Cai Q, Wu J, Blot WJ, Shu XO, Zheng W, Arslan AA, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Haiman CA, Zhang X, Stampfer M, Smith-Warner S, Han J, Giles GG, Hodge AM, Severi G, Johansson M, Grankvist K, Langhammer A, Hveem K, Xiang YB, Li HL, Gao YT, Visvanathan K, Bolton JH, Ueland PM, Midttun Ø, Ulvik A, Buring JE, Lee IM, Sesso HD, Gaziano JM, Manjer J, Relton C, Koh WP, Brennan P, Johansson M, Yuan JM. Circulating markers of cellular immune activation in prediagnostic blood sample and lung cancer risk in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3). Int J Cancer 2020; 146:2394-2405. [PMID: 31276202 PMCID: PMC6960354 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-mediated immune suppression may play an important role in lung carcinogenesis. We investigated the associations for circulating levels of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenine:tryptophan ratio (KTR), quinolinic acid (QA) and neopterin as markers of immune regulation and inflammation with lung cancer risk in 5,364 smoking-matched case-control pairs from 20 prospective cohorts included in the international Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium. All biomarkers were quantified by mass spectrometry-based methods in serum/plasma samples collected on average 6 years before lung cancer diagnosis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for lung cancer associated with individual biomarkers were calculated using conditional logistic regression with adjustment for circulating cotinine. Compared to the lowest quintile, the highest quintiles of kynurenine, KTR, QA and neopterin were associated with a 20-30% higher risk, and tryptophan with a 15% lower risk of lung cancer (all ptrend < 0.05). The strongest associations were seen for current smokers, where the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of lung cancer for the highest quintile of KTR, QA and neopterin were 1.42 (1.15-1.75), 1.42 (1.14-1.76) and 1.45 (1.13-1.86), respectively. A stronger association was also seen for KTR and QA with risk of lung squamous cell carcinoma followed by adenocarcinoma, and for lung cancer diagnosed within the first 2 years after blood draw. This study demonstrated that components of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway with immunomodulatory effects are associated with risk of lung cancer overall, especially for current smokers. Further research is needed to evaluate the role of these biomarkers in lung carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Yongxu Huang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tricia L. Larose
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health & Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anouar Fanidi
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karine Alcala
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Victoria L. Stevens
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Inc. 250 Williams St. Atlanta, GA 30303
| | | | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH
| | - Neil Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH
| | - Mark Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH
| | - Regina Zeigler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH
| | - Neal Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH
| | - Qin Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH
| | - Ross Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 1100 Fairview Ave. N, Seattle, Washington 98109, U.S.A
| | - Mary Pettinger
- Division of Public Health Sciences Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 1100 Fairview Ave. N, Seattle, Washington 98109, U.S.A
| | - Cynthia A. Thomsen
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William J. Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alan A. Arslan
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Population Health, Environmental Medicine and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine and Perlmutter Cancer Centre, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lynn R. Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Prevention, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Smith-Warner
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Center, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allison M Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology Center, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Center, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Torino, Italy
- Centre de Recherche en Epidemiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP) UMR1018 Inserm, Facultés de Médicine Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, UVSQ, Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health & Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Lan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- George W Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention Health Monitoring Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Judy Hoffman Bolton
- George W Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention Health Monitoring Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Julie E. Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I-Min Lee
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard D. Sesso
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston VA Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö Lund University, Malmö Sweden
| | - Caroline Relton
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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28
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Matino D, Afraz S, Zhao G, Tieu P, Gargaro M, Fallarino F, Iorio A. Tolerance to FVIII: Role of the Immune Metabolic Enzymes Indoleamine 2,3 Dyoxigenase-1 and Heme Oxygenase-1. Front Immunol 2020; 11:620. [PMID: 32351505 PMCID: PMC7174632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of neutralizing anti-FVIII antibodies is a major complication in the treatment of patients affected by hemophilia A. The immune response to FVIII is a complex, multi-factorial process that has been extensively studied for the past two decades. The reasons why only a proportion of hemophilic patients treated with FVIII concentrates develop a clinically significant immune response is incompletely understood. The "danger theory" has been proposed as a possible explanation to interpret the findings of some observational clinical studies highlighting the possible detrimental impact of inflammatory stimuli at the time of replacement therapy on inhibitor development. The host immune system is often challenged to react to FVIII under steady state or inflammatory conditions (e.g., bleeding, infections) although fine tuning of mechanisms of immune tolerance can control this reactivity and promote long-term unresponsiveness to the therapeutically administered factor. Recent studies have provided evidence that multiple interactions involving central and peripheral mechanisms of tolerance are integrated by the host immune system with the environmental conditions at the time of FVIII exposure and influence the balance between immunity and tolerance to FVIII. Here we review evidences showing the involvement of two key immunoregulatory oxygenase enzymes (IDO1, HO-1) that have been studied in hemophilia patients and pre-clinical models, showing that the ability of the host immune system to induce such regulatory proteins under inflammatory conditions can play important roles in the balance between immunity and tolerance to exogenous FVIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Matino
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sajjad Afraz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - George Zhao
- McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Tieu
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Alfonso Iorio
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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29
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Tashita C, Hoshi M, Hirata A, Nakamoto K, Ando T, Hattori T, Yamamoto Y, Tezuka H, Tomita H, Hara A, Saito K. Kynurenine plays an immunosuppressive role in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfate-induced colitis in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:918-932. [PMID: 32206003 PMCID: PMC7081011 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i9.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation leading to intestinal mucosal damage. Inflammatory bowel disease causes dysregulation of mucosal T cell responses, especially the responses of CD4+ T cells. Previously, we demonstrated that indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase plays an immunosuppressive role in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfate (TNBS)-induced colitis. Although indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase exerts immunosuppressive effects by altering the local concentration of tryptophan (Trp) and immunomodulatory Trp metabolites, the specific changes in immune regulation during colitis caused by Trp metabolites and its related enzymes remain unclear.
AIM To investigate role of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) in TNBS-induced colitis and involvement of Trp metabolites in maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
METHODS Colitis was induced in eight-week-old male KMO+/+ or KMO−/− mice of C57BL/6N background using TNBS. Three days later, the colon was used for hematoxylin-eosin staining for histological grading, immunohistochemical or immunofluorescence staining for KMO, cytokines, and immune cells. Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured using quantitative RT-PCR, and kynurenine (Kyn) pathway metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The cell proportions of colonic lamina propria and mesenteric lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry.
RESULTS KMO expression levels in the colonic mononuclear phagocytes, including dendritic cells and macrophages increased upon TNBS induction. Notably, KMO deficiency reduced TNBS-induced colitis, resulting in an increased frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and increased mRNA and protein levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10.
CONCLUSION Absence of KMO reduced TNBS-induced colitis via generation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells by producing Kyn. Thus, Kyn may play a therapeutic role in colon protection during colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Tashita
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masato Hoshi
- Department of Biochemical and Analytical Science, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Division of Animal Experiment, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakamoto
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hattori
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Gifu University of Medical Science, Gifu 501-3892, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tezuka
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
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Ogbechi J, Clanchy FI, Huang YS, Topping LM, Stone TW, Williams RO. IDO activation, inflammation and musculoskeletal disease. Exp Gerontol 2019; 131:110820. [PMID: 31884118 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The IDO/kynurenine pathway is now established as a major regulator of immune system function. The initial enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is induced by IFNγ, while tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is induced by corticosteroids. The pathway is therefore positioned to mediate the effects of systemic inflammation or stress-induced steroids on tissue function and its expression increases with age. Disorders of the musculoskeletal system are a common feature of ageing and many of these conditions are characterized by an inflammatory state. In inflammatory arthritis and related disorders, kynurenine protects against the development of disease, while inhibition or deletion of IDO1 increases its severity. The long-term regulation of autoimmune disorders may be influenced by the epigenetic modulation of kynurenine pathway genes, with recent data suggesting that methylation of IDO may be involved. Osteoporosis is also associated with abnormalities of the kynurenine pathway, reflected in an inversion of the ratio between blood levels of the metabolites anthranilic acid and 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid. This review discusses evidence to date on the role of the IDO/kynurenine pathway and the highly prevalent age-related disorders of osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis and identifies key areas that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Ogbechi
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Felix I Clanchy
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Yi-Shu Huang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Louise M Topping
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Trevor W Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Richard O Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK.
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Yang D, Zhang S, Fang X, Guo L, Hu N, Guo Z, Li X, Yang S, He JC, Kuang C, Yang Q. N-Benzyl/Aryl Substituted Tryptanthrin as Dual Inhibitors of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase and Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9161-9174. [PMID: 31580660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), which catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism, has emerged as a key target in cancer immunotherapy because of its role in enabling cancers to evade the immune system. Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) catalyze the same reaction and play a potential role in cancer immunotherapy. Starting from our previously discovered tryptanthrin IDO1 inhibitor scaffold, we synthesized novel N-benzyl/aryl substituted tryptanthrin derivatives and evaluated their inhibitory efficacy on IDO1, TDO, and IDO2. Most compounds showed similar high inhibitory activities on both IDO1 and TDO, which were significantly superior over that of IDO2 with magnitude difference. We showed that N-benzyl/aryl substituted tryptanthrin directly interacted with IDO1, TDO, and IDO2, significantly augmented the proliferation of T cells in vitro, blocked the kynurenine pathway, and suppressed tumor growth when administered to LLC and H22 tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Leilei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Nan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Zhanling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Xishuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Shuangshuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Jin Chao He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Department of Chemistry , Tongji University , Siping Road 1239 , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences , Fudan University , Songhu Road 2005 , Shanghai 200438 , China
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Badawy AAB, Guillemin G. The Plasma [Kynurenine]/[Tryptophan] Ratio and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase: Time for Appraisal. Int J Tryptophan Res 2019; 12:1178646919868978. [PMID: 31488951 PMCID: PMC6710706 DOI: 10.1177/1178646919868978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma kynurenine to tryptophan ([Kyn]/[Trp]) ratio is frequently used to express or reflect the activity of the extrahepatic Trp-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). This ratio is increasingly used instead of measurement of IDO activity, which is often low or undetectable in immune and other cells under basal conditions, but is greatly enhanced after immune activation. The use of this ratio is valid in in vitro studies, eg, in cell cultures or isolated organs, but its ‘blanket’ use in in vivo situations is not, because of modulating factors, such as supply of nutrients; the presence of multiple cell types; complex structural and functional tissue arrangements; the extracellular matrix; and hormonal, cytokine, and paracrine interactions. Determinants other than IDO may therefore be involved in vivo. These are hepatic tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) activity and the flux of plasma-free Trp down the Kyn pathway. In addition, conditions leading to accumulation of Kyn, eg, inhibition of activities of Kyn monooxygenase and kynureninase, could lead to elevation of the aforementioned ratio. In this review, the origin of use of this ratio will be discussed, variations in extent of its elevation will be described, evidence against its indiscriminate use will be presented, and examining determinants other than IDO activity and their correlates will be proposed for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilles Guillemin
- Centre for MND Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism. iScience 2019; 19:1291-1336. [PMID: 31402257 PMCID: PMC6831821 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although in recent years there has been an increased awareness of the widespread nature of biofluorescence in the marine environment, the diversity of the molecules responsible for this luminescent phenotype has been mostly limited to green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), GFP-like proteins, and fluorescent fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). In the present study, we describe a previously undescribed group of brominated tryptophan-kynurenine small molecule metabolites responsible for the green biofluorescence in two species of sharks and provide their structural, antimicrobial, and spectral characterization. Multi-scale fluorescence microscopy studies guided the discovery of metabolites that were differentially produced in fluorescent versus non-fluorescent skin, as well as the species-specific structural details of their unusual light-guiding denticles. Overall, this study provides the detailed description of a family of small molecules responsible for marine biofluorescence and opens new questions related to their roles in central nervous system signaling, resilience to microbial infections, and photoprotection. We describe a new form of biofluorescence from the skin of catsharks Bromo-tryptophan-kynurenines are biofluorescent and show antimicrobial activities Specific dermal denticles in the chain catshark act as optical light-guides This study opens questions related to biological function of shark fluorescence
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Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitory activities of tryptanthrin derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 160:133-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Eyraud D, Granger B, Bardier A, Loncar Y, Gottrand G, Le Naour G, Siksik JM, Vaillant JC, Klatzmann D, Puybasset L, Charlotte F, Augustin J. Immunological environment in colorectal cancer: a computer-aided morphometric study of whole slide digital images derived from tissue microarray. Pathology 2018; 50:607-612. [PMID: 30166125 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer research has moved from investigating tumour cells to including analysis of the tumour microenvironment as well. The aim of this study was to assess the cellular infiltrate of colorectal cancer (CRC) using computer-aided analysis of whole slide digital image derived from tissue microarray (TMA). TMA slides from 31 CRC patients were immunostained for forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) and immunomodulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) at four sites: centre (C) and invasive front (F) of the tumour, proximal non-metastatic draining lymph node (N-), tumour-draining lymph node with metastasis (N+) and healthy mucosa at 10 cm from the cancer (M). We analysed the proportion of IDO+ tissue areas in the lamina propria or in the non-epithelial area of the lymph node and in epithelial cells in each site. The normal mucosa of patients operated on for benign disease was also analysed. The proportion (%) of FOXP3+ tissue area in C, F, N-, N+ and M were 2.3 ± 1.8, 2.6 ± 2.9, 6.0 ± 2.9, 14.2 ± 5.8 and 1.2 ± 0.8 (p < 0.001). The proportion (%) of IDO+ tissue area in the lamina propria of C, F, N-, N+ and M were 1.6 ± 3.1, 1.1 ± 1.3, 3.4 ± 2.5, 9.1 ± 8.5 and 6.7 ± 5.4 (p < 0.001). IDO+ tissue area in the lamina propria was not significantly different between healthy mucosa of patients with cancer than without (1.8 ± 3 vs 1.1 ± 0.95). The proportion of IDO positive tissue area in the epithelium was significantly higher in healthy mucosa of patients with cancer than without (5.4 ± 13.8 vs 2.1 ± 2.4). The FOXP3+ tissue area was increased in healthy mucosa of CRC patients in comparison with healthy mucosa of patients with colorectal resection for disease other than cancer: 1.20 ± 1.81 versus 0.81 ± 0.51 (p < 0.05). The proportion of IDO+ tissue area in lymph node (N-) was correlated with the proportion of FOXP3+ tissue area in tumour area (r = 0.44, p < 0.01). TMA technique permits simultaneous analysis of FOXP3+ and IDO+ cells at different sites including tumour, draining non-metastatic lymph node, metastatic lymph node and normal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eyraud
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, UIMAP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Service de Biothérapies, UPMC, CNRS 7211, INSERM 959, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Benjamin Granger
- Département de Biostatistiques, de Santé Publique et d'Information Médicale, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Armelle Bardier
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, UIMAP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Yann Loncar
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - GaËlle Gottrand
- Service de Biothérapies, UPMC, CNRS 7211, INSERM 959, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Le Naour
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, UIMAP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Siksik
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive et de Transplantation Hépatique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Vaillant
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive et de Transplantation Hépatique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - David Klatzmann
- Service de Biothérapies, UPMC, CNRS 7211, INSERM 959, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Louis Puybasset
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Charlotte
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, UIMAP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jeremy Augustin
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, UIMAP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Greene LI, Bruno TC, Christenson JL, D'Alessandro A, Culp-Hill R, Torkko K, Borges VF, Slansky JE, Richer JK. A Role for Tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase in CD8 T-cell Suppression and Evidence of Tryptophan Catabolism in Breast Cancer Patient Plasma. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:131-139. [PMID: 30143553 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan catabolism is an attractive target for reducing tumor progression and improving antitumor immunity in multiple cancers. Tumor infiltration by CD8 T cells correlates with improved prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and a significant effort is underway to improve CD8 T-cell antitumor activity. In this study, primary human immune cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of patients and used to demonstrate that the tryptophan catabolite kynurenine induces CD8 T-cell death. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that anchorage-independent TNBC utilizes the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) to inhibit CD8 T-cell viability. Publicly available data revealed that high TDO2, the gene encoding TDO, correlates with poor breast cancer clinical outcomes, including overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival, while expression of the gene encoding the more commonly studied tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme, IDO1 did not. Metabolomic analysis, using quantitative mass spectrometry, of tryptophan and its catabolites, including kynurenine, in the plasma from presurgical breast cancer patients (n = 77) and 40 cancer-free donors (n = 40) indicated a strong correlation between substrate and catabolite in both groups. Interestingly, both tryptophan and kynurenine were lower in the plasma from patients with breast cancer compared with controls, particularly in women with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and stage III and IV breast cancer. IMPLICATIONS: This study underscores the importance of tryptophan catabolism, particularly in aggressive disease, and suggests that future pharmacologic efforts should focus on developing drugs that target both TDO and IDO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa I Greene
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tullia C Bruno
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica L Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachel Culp-Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kathleen Torkko
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Virginia F Borges
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jill E Slansky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer K Richer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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Åkesson K, Pettersson S, Ståhl S, Surowiec I, Hedenström M, Eketjäll S, Trygg J, Jakobsson PJ, Gunnarsson I, Svenungsson E, Idborg H. Kynurenine pathway is altered in patients with SLE and associated with severe fatigue. Lupus Sci Med 2018; 5:e000254. [PMID: 29868176 PMCID: PMC5976103 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2017-000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatigue has been reported as the most disturbing symptom in a majority of patients with SLE. Depression is common and often severe. Together these symptoms cause significant morbidity and affect patients with otherwise relatively mild disease. Tryptophan and its metabolites in the kynurenine pathway are known to be important in several psychiatric conditions, for example, depression, which are often also associated with fatigue. We therefore investigated the kynurenine pathway in patients with SLE and controls. METHODS In a cross-sectional design plasma samples from 132 well-characterised patients with SLE and 30 age-matched and gender-matched population-based controls were analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to measure the levels of tryptophan and its metabolites kynurenine and quinolinic acid. Fatigue was measured with Fatigue Severity Scale and depression with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. SLE disease activity was assessed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). RESULTS The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, as a measure of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity, was increased in patients with SLE. Patients with active disease (SLEDAI ≥6) showed lower tryptophan levels compared with controls (54 µM, SD=19 vs 62 µM, SD=14, p=0.03), although patients with SLE overall did not differ compared with controls. Patients with SLE had higher levels of tryptophan metabolites kynurenine (966 nM, SD=530) and quinolinic acid (546 nM, SD=480) compared with controls (kynurenine: 712 nM, SD=230, p=0.0001; quinolinic acid: 380 nM, SD=150, p=0.001). Kynurenine, quinolinic acid and the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio correlated weakly with severe fatigue (rs =0.34, rs =0.28 and rs =0.24, respectively) but not with depression. CONCLUSIONS Metabolites in the kynurenine pathway are altered in patients with SLE compared with controls. Interestingly, fatigue correlated weakly with measures of enhanced tryptophan metabolism, while depression did not. Drugs targeting enzymes in the kynurenine pathway, for example, IDO inhibitors or niacin (B12) supplementation, which suppresses IDO activity, merit further investigation as treatments in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Åkesson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Pettersson
- Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Ståhl
- Personalized Healthcare and Biomarkers Laboratories, Innovative Medicines, Science for Life Laboratory, Translational Science Centre, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Izabella Surowiec
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Life Science Cluster, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hedenström
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Life Science Cluster, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susanna Eketjäll
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johan Trygg
- Department of Chemistry, Computational Life Science Cluster, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Svenungsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Idborg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kolachalama VB, Shashar M, Alousi F, Shivanna S, Rijal K, Belghasem ME, Walker J, Matsuura S, Chang GH, Gibson CM, Dember LM, Francis JM, Ravid K, Chitalia VC. Uremic Solute-Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Tissue Factor Axis Associates with Thrombosis after Vascular Injury in Humans. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1063-1072. [PMID: 29343519 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017080929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with CKD are particularly predisposed to thrombosis after vascular injury. Using mouse models, we recently described indoxyl sulfate, a tryptophan metabolite retained in CKD and an activator of tissue factor (TF) through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling, as an inducer of thrombosis across the CKD spectrum. However, the translation of findings from animal models to humans is often challenging. Here, we investigated the uremic solute-AHR-TF thrombosis axis in two human cohorts, using a targeted metabolomics approach to probe a set of tryptophan products and high-throughput assays to measure AHR and TF activity. Analysis of baseline serum samples was performed from 473 participants with advanced CKD from the Dialysis Access Consortium Clopidogrel Prevention of Early AV Fistula Thrombosis trial. Participants with subsequent arteriovenous thrombosis had significantly higher levels of indoxyl sulfate and kynurenine, another uremic solute, and greater activity of AHR and TF, than those without thrombosis. Pattern recognition analysis using the components of the thrombosis axis facilitated clustering of the thrombotic and nonthrombotic groups. We further validated these findings using 377 baseline samples from participants in the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction II trial, many of whom had CKD stage 2-3. Mechanistic probing revealed that kynurenine enhances thrombosis after vascular injury in an animal model and regulates thrombosis in an AHR-dependent manner. This human validation of the solute-AHR-TF axis supports further studies probing its utility in risk stratification of patients with CKD and exploring its role in other diseases with heightened risk of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya B Kolachalama
- Section of Computational Biomedicine and.,Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, and.,Hariri Institute for Computing and Computational Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Mostafa E Belghasem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - C Michael Gibson
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Laura M Dember
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Katya Ravid
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, and
| | - Vipul C Chitalia
- Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, and .,Renal Section, Department of Medicine.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Lin H, Liu Z, Pi Z, Men L, Chen W, Liu Z. Urinary metabolomic study of the antagonistic effect of P. ginseng in rats with estrogen decline using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Food Funct 2018; 9:1444-1453. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01680h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the antagonistic effect of Panax ginseng in rats with estrogen decline by its intervention in some major endogenous metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Lin
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Zhongying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
| | - Lihui Men
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Weijia Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- China
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40
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de Vries LV, Minović I, Franssen CFM, van Faassen M, Sanders JSF, Berger SP, Navis G, Kema IP, Bakker SJL. The tryptophan/kynurenine pathway, systemic inflammation, and long-term outcome after kidney transplantation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F475-F486. [PMID: 28490533 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00690.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is metabolized along the kynurenine pathway, initially to kynurenine, and subsequently to cytotoxic 3-hydroxykynurenine. There is increasing interest in this pathway because of its proinflammatory nature, and drugs interfering in it have received increasing attention. We aimed to investigate whether serum and urinary parameters of the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway, and particularly cytotoxic 3-hydroxykynurenine, are associated with systemic inflammation and long-term outcome in renal transplant recipients (RTR). Data were collected in outpatient RTR with a functioning graft for >1 yr. Tryptophan, kynurenine, and 3-hydroxykynurenine in serum and urine were measured using LC-MS/MS. A total of 561 RTR (age: 51 ± 12 yr; 56% male) were included at a median of 6.0 (2.6-11.6) yr posttransplantation. Baseline median serum tryptophan was 40.0 (34.5-46.0) µmol/l, serum kynurenine was 1.8 (1.4-2.2) µmol/l, and serum 3-hydroxykynurenine was 42.2 (31.0-61.7) nmol/l. Serum kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine were strongly associated with parameters of systemic inflammation. During follow-up for 7.0 (6.2-7.5) yr, 51 RTR (9%) developed graft failure and 120 RTR (21%) died. Both serum kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine were independently associated with graft failure [HR 1.72 (1.23-2.41), P = 0.002; and HR 2.03 (1.42-2.90), P < 0.001]. Serum 3-hydroxykynurenine was also independently associated with mortality [HR 1.37 (1.08-1.73), P = 0.01], whereas serum kynurenine was not. Urinary tryptophan/kynurenine pathway parameters were not associated with outcome. Of tryptophan metabolites, serum 3-hydroxykynurenine is cross-sectionally most strongly and consistently associated with systemic inflammation and prospectively with adverse long-term outcome after kidney transplantation. Serum 3-hydroxykynurenine may be an interesting biomarker and target for the evaluation of drugs interfering in the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Isidor Minović
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and.,Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper F M Franssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Jan-Stephan F Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan P Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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41
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Ohta Y, Kubo H, Yashiro K, Ohashi K, Tsuzuki Y, Wada N, Yamamoto Y, Saito K. Effect of water-immersion restraint stress on tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway in rat tissues. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:361-372. [PMID: 27364617 PMCID: PMC10717894 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS) on tryptophan (Trp) catabolism through the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway in rat tissues. The tissues of rats subjected to 6 h of WIRS (+WIRS) had increased tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activities and increased TDO and IDO1 (one of two IDO isozymes in mammals) mRNA expression levels, with decreased Trp and increased Kyn contents in the liver. +WIRS rats had unchanged TDO and IDO activities in the kidney, decreased TDO activity and unchanged IDO activity in the brain, and unchanged IDO activity in the lung and spleen, with increased Kyn content in all of these tissues. Pretreatment of stressed rats with RU486, a glucocorticoid antagonist, attenuated the increased TOD activity, but not the increased IDO activity, with partial recoveries of the decreased Trp and increased Kyn contents in the liver. These results indicate that WIRS enhances hepatic Trp catabolism by inducing both IDO1 and TDO in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiji Ohta
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Hisako Kubo
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 666-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Yashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yuji Tsuzuki
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 666-8507, Japan
| | - Naoya Wada
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 666-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 666-8507, Japan
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 666-8507, Japan
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
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42
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Cheng J, Jin H, Hou X, Lv J, Gao X, Zheng G. Disturbed tryptophan metabolism correlating to progression and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:781-787. [PMID: 28342863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies worldwide. Lymph node metastasis is the leading cause of death in ESCC patients. To identify early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of ESCC and elucidate underlying pathogenesis of the disease, a targeted metabolomics strategy based on liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry was applied to explore tryptophan metabolism between ESCC patients, metastatic ESCC patients (mESCC), and healthy controls. Statistical analysis on metabolite expression abundance and compound concentration ratio was conducted to discriminate patients from healthy controls. The concentration ratio of kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine to their precursor tryptophan were identified as potential biomarkers, presenting high diagnostic capacity for distinguishing ESCC and mESCC patients from healthy controls. Moreover, a prognostic prediction model was also built on these ratios to distinguish metastasis patients from non-metastasis patients successfully. The high performance of ESCC prediction models suggest that concentration ratios of compounds may be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. In addition, concentration ratios of compounds show a progressively increased trend from non-metastasis to metastasis patients compared with healthy controls, which is in accordance with process of malignant transformation of ESCC. This interested finding suggests that disturbed tryptophan metabolism is correlated to progression and metastasis of ESCC since concentration ratios of compounds reflect activity of enzymes involved in tryptophan metabolism. This study reveals the impact of tryptophan metabolism to tumorigenesis and metastasis of ESCC, which help biologists investigate mechanism of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Department of Medical Instrument, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaobei Hou
- Department of Medical Instrument, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Department of Medical Instrument, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xianfu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Guangyong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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43
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Xu T, Feng G, Zhao B, Zhao J, Pi Z, Liu S, Song F, Liu Z. A non-target urinary and serum metabolomics strategy reveals therapeutical mechanism of Radix Astragali on adjuvant-induced arthritis rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1048:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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44
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Li Y, Hu N, Yang D, Oxenkrug G, Yang Q. Regulating the balance between the kynurenine and serotonin pathways of tryptophan metabolism. FEBS J 2017; 284:948-966. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Nan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Gregory Oxenkrug
- Psychiatry and Inflammation Program Department of Psychiatry Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center Boston MA USA
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing (SCICB) East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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45
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Badawy AAB. Tryptophan availability for kynurenine pathway metabolism across the life span: Control mechanisms and focus on aging, exercise, diet and nutritional supplements. Neuropharmacology 2017; 112:248-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Fernstrom JD. A Perspective on the Safety of Supplemental Tryptophan Based on Its Metabolic Fates. J Nutr 2016; 146:2601S-2608S. [PMID: 27934651 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.228643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 50 y, tryptophan has been ingested in amounts well in excess of its dietary requirement. This use is based on extensive findings that ingesting tryptophan increases brain tryptophan concentrations, which stimulates the synthesis and release of the neurotransmitter serotonin, from which it is derived. Such increases in serotonin function may improve mood and sleep. However, tryptophan ingestion has other effects, such as increasing serotonin production in the gut, increasing serotonin concentrations in blood, stimulating the production of the hormone melatonin (a tryptophan metabolite), stimulating tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway, and possibly stimulating the production of tryptophan metabolites in the gut microbiome. Several of the kynurenine metabolites have actions on excitatory glutamate receptors in the gut and brain and on cells of the immune system. In addition, metabolites of tryptophan produced by colonic bacteria are reported to cause adverse effects in some species. This review examines each of these tryptophan pathways to determine if any of the metabolites increase after tryptophan ingestion, and if so, whether effects are seen on target body functions. In this regard, recent research suggests that it may be useful to examine kynurenine pathway metabolites and some microbial tryptophan metabolites to determine whether supplemental tryptophan consumption increases their concentrations in the body and amplifies their actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Fernstrom
- Departments of Psychiatry, and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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47
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Kubo H, Hoshi M, Mouri A, Tashita C, Yamamoto Y, Nabeshima T, Saito K. Absence of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase reduces mortality of acute viral myocarditis in mice. Immunol Lett 2016; 181:94-100. [PMID: 27889626 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infection of the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) in mice is an established model for viral myocarditis. Previously, we have demonstrated that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an L-tryptophan - kynurenine pathway (KP) enzyme, affects acute viral myocarditis. However, the roles of KP metabolites in EMCV infection remain unclear. Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) is one of the key regulatory enzymes, which metabolizes kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine in the KP. Therefore, we examined the role of KMO in acute viral infection by comparing between KMO-/- mice and KMO+/+ mice. KMO deficiency resulted in suppressed mortality after EMCV infection. The number of infiltrating cells and F4/80+ cells in KMO-/- mice was suppressed compared with those in KMO+/+ mice. KMO-/- mice showed significantly increased levels of serum KP metabolites, and induction of KMO expression upon EMCV infection was involved in its effect on mortality through EMCV suppression. Furthermore, KMO-/- mice showed significantly suppression of CCL2, CCL3 and CCL4 on day 2 and CXCL1 on day 4 after infection. These results suggest that increased KP metabolites reduced chemokine production, resulting in suppressed mortality upon KMO knockdown in EMCV infection. KP metabolites may thus provide an effective strategy for treating acute viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Kubo
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masato Hoshi
- Department of Biochemical and Analytical Sciences, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Chieko Tashita
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Gifu University of Medical Science, Gifu 501-3892, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamamoto
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Aichi 468-0069, Japan; Aino University, Osaka, Ibaragi 567-0012, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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48
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Li J, Li Y, Yang D, Hu N, Guo Z, Kuang C, Yang Q. Establishment of a human indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 2 (hIDO2) bioassay system and discovery of tryptanthrin derivatives as potent hIDO2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:171-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Zhang X, Zhu X, Wang C, Zhang H, Cai Z. Non-targeted and targeted metabolomics approaches to diagnosing lung cancer and predicting patient prognosis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:63437-63448. [PMID: 27566571 PMCID: PMC5325375 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in China. We characterized metabolic alterations in lung cancer using two analytical platforms: a non-targeted metabolic profiling strategy based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and a targeted metabolic profiling strategy based on rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC). Changes in serum metabolite levels during oncogenesis were evaluated in 25 stage I lung cancer patients and matched healthy controls. We identified 25 metabolites that were differentially regulated between the lung cancer patients and matched controls. Of those, 16 were detected using the non-targeted approach and 9 were identified using the targeted approach. Both groups of metabolites could differentiate between lung cancer patients and healthy controls with 100% sensitivity and specificity. The principal metabolic alternations in lung cancer included changes in glycolysis, lipid metabolism, choline phospholipid metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. The targeted metabolomics approach was more sensitive, accurate, and specific than the non-targeted metabolomics approach. However, our data suggest that both metabolomics strategies could be used to detect early-stage lung cancer and predict patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Shijiazhuang Huaguang Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, China
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50
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Yang TH, Hsu PY, Meng M, Su CC. Supplement of 5-hydroxytryptophan before induction suppresses inflammation and collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:364. [PMID: 26669765 PMCID: PMC4699591 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence is accumulating that a preclinical phase is present before the onset of clinical signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This phase represents an important therapeutic window within which interventions can dramatically modulate outcomes. An agent able to prevent RA for high risk individuals in this phase is therefore desired. In this study, we investigated whether tryptophan metabolite, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) or 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP), can act as such an agent for primary prevention of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods Mouse splenocytes were pretreated with 5-HTP or 5-MTP and activated by anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 antibodies in vitro. The percentages of interferon-γ (IFNγ)+CD4+ T cells and interleukin-17 (IL-17)+CD4+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, serotonin and kynurenine was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A CIA model was used to investigate the in vivo effects of 5-HTP on the prevention of arthritis. Results 5-HTP decreased the percentages of IFNγ+CD4+ T cells and IL-17+CD4+ T cells and suppressed the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and IFNγ in activated splenocytes. 5-HTP administered before induction decreased the disease activities in CIA mice and suppressed the production of TNFα, IL-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 in arthritic joints. 5-HTP also increased serotonin, but decreased kynurenine in the CIA mice. Conclusions 5-HTP suppresses inflammation and arthritis through decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. 5-HTP supplement before induction ameliorates arthritis in a CIA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Hsiang Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Peng-Yang Hsu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan.
| | - Menghsiao Meng
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Chun Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135, Nan-Hsiao Street, Changhua, Taiwan, 500, ROC. .,Graduate Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan. .,Department of Bioindustry Technology, Da-Yeh University, Datsuen, Changhua, Taiwan.
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