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Muñoz-Fernández N, Del Rey R, Mora-Merchán JA, Elipe P. Sexual Diversity Bullying and Cyberbullying Questionnaires: An Inclusive Approach to Measure Sexuality-Based Bullying. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024; 71:2740-2763. [PMID: 37756388 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2260922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
LGBTQ+ bullying is a specific type of stigma-based bullying with a high prevalence among LGBTQ+ people. However, instruments to assess this phenomenon are scarce and focus on homophobic aggressions, and the motivations therefor, mainly in relation to gay and lesbian youths. In this study, we introduce and validate an instrument to assess LGBTQ+ bullying. The instrument covers general and specific aggressions, as well as dimensions of sexuality besides sexual orientation such as gender identity and expression, as a more comprehensive approach to understand the phenomenon. The study included 2,552 adolescents (MAge = 14.54, SD = 1.76) from 13 Andalusian public secondary schools. Regarding gender identity, 43.9% of participants were cisgender boys, 53.5% were cisgender girls, and 2.6% were trans-binary and non-binary gender youths. In terms of sexual orientation, 81.1% of participants were heterosexual students, 2.4% lesbian/gay, 11.2% bisexual/pansexual, 4.4% questioning, and 0.9% asexual. Second-order models for bullying and cyberbullying had a good fit. Moreover, invariance was seen for bullying [ΔCFI = -.003] and cyberbullying [ΔCFI = .003] victimization measures. Furthermore, there was a sexual diversity bias: cisgender heterosexual students were more likely to perpetrate LGBTQ+ aggressions, and LGBTQ+ students were more likely to be targets of general and specific aggressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Muñoz-Fernández
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Del Rey
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín A Mora-Merchán
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Education, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paz Elipe
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Cheng SY, Gerassi LB. The roles of dating and victimization on adverse mental health among teens: Survey findings during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Adolesc 2024; 96:1628-1641. [PMID: 38976294 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between romantic involvement, dating violence, other victimizations, and mental health among adolescents in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is understudied. METHODS This study analyzed 2021 survey data collected from a representative sample of 9th-12th grade students (n = 10,792) from 24 high schools in a US Midwestern state. Most respondents identified as White, heterosexual, and US-born, with more than three-quarters aged 15-17 years. Guided by the poly-victimization framework, this study explored: (a) How do youth victimizations and mental health concerns differ by their experience of dating and dating violence? (b) What are the associations between youth mental health concerns, victimizations, and dating? RESULTS Youths reported mental health concerns and victimizations at considerable rates during the COVID-19 pandemic when in-person interactions were limited. Those who experienced dating violence were at a higher risk of reporting other victimizations (i.e., unwanted sexual comments, unwanted sexual contact, sexual photos/videos, sex trading for compensation, discrimination, and bullying). The number of victimizations demonstrated a cumulative effect on teen mental health. Most individual victimizations showed significant net associations with mental health concerns, even when controlling for other differing victimizations. CONCLUSIONS Dating violence plays a critical role in the interconnectedness of victimizations, and the number of victimizations has a cumulative effect on teen mental health. The high prevalence of youth victimizations during the time when in-person interactions were limited suggests that victimizations may transfer from in-person forms to virtual forms and occur offline. Implications for individual and community prevention and interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lara B Gerassi
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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National Association of School Nurses Position Statement: Prevention and Intervention of Bullying and Cyberbullying in Schools. J Sch Nurs 2024:10598405241283722. [PMID: 39300824 DOI: 10.1177/10598405241283722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
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Wang F, Zhu D, He Y, Yuan M, Li Y, Xie F, Wen X, Tong Y, Zhang X, Su P, Wang G. Longitudinal and Reciprocal Effects in the Association Between School Bullying and Homicidal Ideation During Early Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1971-1986. [PMID: 38750309 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Several cross-sectional studies indicated a positive association between school bullying and homicidal ideation during early adolescence. However, few longitudinal studies investigated this association. This study examined whether a bi-directional relationship exists within the longitudinal association between bullying victimization or bullying perpetration and homicidal ideation among early adolescents using a Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model. A total of 1611 early adolescents (39.5% girls; Mage = 12.50 years, SD = 0.50) were recruited from the Chinese Early Adolescents Cohort study. Data on bullying victimization, bullying perpetration, and homicidal ideation collected during three time points (September 2019, September 2020, and September 2021) were used. Bullying victimization showed a significant positive association with homicidal ideation at the between-person level. Bullying victimization and bullying perpetration had a bi-directional relationship with homicidal ideation at the within-person level. Additionally, this study considered the impact of biological sex-based differences and bullying types on adolescents' homicidal ideation. Based on these findings, school bullying might exhibit unique reciprocal associations with homicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dongxue Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuheng He
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyuan Yuan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yonghan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Faliang Xie
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yingying Tong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Gengfu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Morales-Arjona I, Benítez-Hidalgo V, Ruiz-Pérez I, Higueras-Callejón C, Pastor-Moreno G. Cyberbullying and Suicidal Behavior, Self-Harm, and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024. [PMID: 39207253 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2024.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Aim: Identify and systematically review cohort studies examining the association between cyberbullying (CB) and suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, self-harm, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Methods: Systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines. Searches for relevant literature were conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, PsyINFO, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane up until July 2023. Cohort studies were included that provided information regarding the association between CB and different dimensions pertaining to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) separately. Gathered information included data on study characteristics, sample characteristics, prevalence, and associations between CB and variables pertaining to SITB. Findings were synthesized, and grouping studies as a function of the outcome variable was analyzed. Results: A total of 19 studies were included. Suicidal ideation was analyzed in 11 studies, with the majority (n = 8) reporting statistically significant positive associations (aOR = 1.88 [1.08, 3.29], β = 0.08 to 0.47). Only a single study conducted independent analysis of attempted suicide, finding a statistically significant association (aOR 1.88 [1.08, 3.29]). Outcomes regarding the self-harm variable were equivocal, with only two out of five studies finding a statistically significant association and one of these, which conducted a gender differentiated analysis, only finding a significant association in females. Studies that considered the NSSI dimension were also inconclusive, with only a limited number of studies (n = 5) producing contradictory outcomes. Conclusion: There is a need to continue exploring the relationship between CB and different dimensions within the spectrum of SITB through longitudinal studies. It is recommended that analyses adopt a new perspective in which short-term follow-up is prioritized or individualized follow-up periods are considered, given the rapidly changing nature of suicidal tendencies. It would be interesting to analyze the frequency, persistence, or severity of CB events and broaden research to include all age ranges. Special attention should also be given to potential gender differences and possible mediators or moderators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel Ruiz-Pérez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | | | - Guadalupe Pastor-Moreno
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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Galán-Arroyo C, Flores-Ferro E, Castillo-Retamal F, Rojo-Ramos J. Motor self-efficacy and physical education in school bullying. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1401801. [PMID: 39262827 PMCID: PMC11388318 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1401801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a notable increase in bullying rates in school. Bullying is characterized as a repeated set of malicious actions by an individual or group toward another individual in an imbalanced power dynamic, resulting in physical, psychological, social, or material harm to the victim, with the intention of causing social exclusion. The scientific literature has investigated the factors that influence this type of behavior, environmental factors, such as school location and student age, as well as other factors, such as gender and level of physical fitness, also play an important role. This study examined the correlation between motor self-efficacy and bullying, considering that physical activity acts as a regulator in these cases. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was employed to assess the normality of the data distribution, and Spearman's Rho test was used to analyze the relationship between each dimension of the EBIPQ and E-AEM scores. The Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate the reliability of each instrument. The results indicated a significant inverse correlation between the EBIP-Q and E-AEM in the variables of sex, educational stage and school environment. In conclusion, an inverse correlation was observed between motor self-efficacy and bullying, indicating that higher levels of motor self-efficacy are related to lower levels of bullying victimization. Motor self-efficacy could be used as a tool to reduce bullying situations at school. It would be important for government policies to encourage the practice of physical activity in all areas of life in order to improve motor self-efficacy and end bullying.
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Winstone L, Jamal S, Mars B. Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization as Risk Factors for Self-Harm: Results From a Longitudinal Cohort Study of 13-14-Year-Olds in England. J Adolesc Health 2024; 75:298-304. [PMID: 38864792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyberbullying is a crucial issue that affects adolescent mental health, with evidence to suggest that adolescents who are victims of cyberbullying are at higher risk for self-harm. However, longitudinal evidence is lacking, meaning the direction of effects cannot be established. This study investigated longitudinal associations between levels of cyberbullying involvement (bully, victim, or both), frequency, and self-harm a year later in an adolescent sample. METHODS Data were collected from Year 9 students (13-14-year-olds; N = 1,195) enrolled in 19 schools in Southwest England using an online questionnaire with a 1-year follow-up period (October 2019-October 2020). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to test for associations between different levels of cyberbullying involvement at baseline and the likelihood of self-harm a year later, adjusting for key covariates. A secondary regression analysis also explored the associations between the frequency of cyberbullying involvement at baseline and subsequent self-harm. RESULTS Compared to those with no cyberbullying involvement, individuals who were both victims and perpetrators (adjusted odds ratio = 2.94, 95% confidence interval: 1.99-4.34) as well as victims only (adjusted odds ratio = 2.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.95-4.04) showed an increased risk of subsequent self-harm. In terms of frequency, associations were found between frequent and occasional cyberbullying and self-harm for both victims and perpetrators; however, associations for the perpetrator group attenuated to the null following adjustment for covariates. DISCUSSION Our findings highlight cyberbullying in early adolescence as a risk factor for subsequent self-harm. Cyberbullying prevention should be a priority for school mental health interventions, with consideration that most perpetrators of cyberbullying may also be victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizzy Winstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah Jamal
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Becky Mars
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Alghamdi W, Almadani S, Banjer H, Alsulami D, Alghamdi Y. Relationship between cyberbullying, anxiety, and depression among university students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Int J Psychiatry Med 2024:912174241265560. [PMID: 39041253 DOI: 10.1177/00912174241265560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cyberbullying is online aggressive behavior that involves insulting or threatening others, and can cause severe psychological issues, particularly in students. This is often attributed to the frequency and anonymity of the bullying behaviors. Given the lack of research on this issue in Saudi Arabia, the current study sought to evaluate the prevalence of cyberbullying and its relationship with anxiety, depression, and stress among university students in Jeddah. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved administration of an online questionnaire to 877 university students in Jeddah. Cyberbullying and cybervictimization were assessed using the Revised Cyberbullying Inventory scale (RCBI-II) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21). RESULTS The majority of students had the experience of being a cyberbully (73%), while 54% had been a victim of cyberbullying. No significant association was found between gender and cyberbullying, with both males and females reporting high rates of cyberbullying. The majority of participants (n = 498) also reported significant depressive symptoms. A significant positive association was found between cyberbullying/cybervictimization and depression, anxiety, and stress. CONCLUSION A considerable number of university students were found to be victims of cyberbullying, with a strong correlation between cyberbullying and anxiety, depression, and stress, indicating a potential impact on the psychological well-being of students. To address this issue, increased awareness of cyberbullying is needed, along with implementation of preventive measures such as educational campaigns and empathy-building activities among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Alghamdi
- Department of psychiatry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samara Almadani
- College of medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin Banjer
- College of medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dima Alsulami
- College of medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara Alghamdi
- College of medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Bae SM. Characteristics and Treatment of Cyberviolence Trauma in Children and Adolescents. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2024; 35:169-174. [PMID: 38966194 PMCID: PMC11220480 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.240005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyberviolence is a new form of violence encompassing any online activity that results in harm to the psychological, emotional, financial, or physical well-being of an individual or group. These adverse activities often lead to serious offline and long-lasting negative impact, especially on children and adolescents whose development has not matured sufficiently. Therefore, it is more important for mental health professionals to be well informed about the rapidly evolving forms of cyberviolence and its risks and to respond appropriately. This article provides an overview of the concept and unique features of cyberviolence trauma in minors in South Korea while also examining ongoing efforts to explore and implement effective treatment programs. Cyberbullying and digital sexual abuse, the most common forms of cyberviolence experienced by minors in South Korea, are explored in detail. Additionally, this review proposes directions for future research and the efforts that clinicians should focus on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Support Center for Victims of Crime (Incheon Smile Center), Incheon, Korea
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Rostam-Abadi Y, Stefanovics EA, Zhai ZW, Potenza MN. An exploratory study of the prevalence and adverse associations of in-school traditional bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents in Connecticut. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:372-380. [PMID: 38593696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Bullying, traditional or cyber, among adolescents, is a public health concern. In this study, we explored frequencies and correlates of different forms of bullying among Connecticut high-school students. Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from 2019 from Connecticut adolescents (N = 1814) were used. χ2 tests and survey-weighted logistic regressions examined relationships between bullying subgroups (in-school traditional bullying (ISTB) only, cyberbullying only, and both) and mental concerns, risk behaviors, academic performance, physical health, and receipt of social support, with the logistic regressions adjusted for demographics. The past-12-month frequency of having experienced only cyberbullying was 5.6%, only ISTB was 9.1%, and both forms was 8.7%. Between-group differences were observed by bullying status in terms of sex and race/ethnicity. In adjusted models, bullying status was associated with suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, self-harm, depression/dysphoria, mental health, use of alcohol, marijuana, injection drugs, tobacco, and e-vapor, gambling, driving under influence of alcohol, high-risk sexual behavior, physical fights, weapon-carrying, injuries/threats at school, feeling unsafe at school, dating violence, obesity, poor general health, insecure housing, less perceived family support, and poor academic performance. People experiencing both types of bullying were typically more likely to report adverse measures. High-school students commonly report bullying. The findings that both forms (traditional and cyber) were more robustly linked to negative experiences highlight the need for examining further relationships between types and patterns of bullying and mental health and functioning. Better understanding may help improve preventive anti-bullying interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasna Rostam-Abadi
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elina A Stefanovics
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs New England Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Center (MIRECC), West Haven, CT, USA; National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Zu Wei Zhai
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Singh MK, Gorelik AJ, Stave C, Gotlib IH. Genetics, epigenetics, and neurobiology of childhood-onset depression: an umbrella review. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:553-565. [PMID: 38102485 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a serious and persistent psychiatric disorder that commonly first manifests during childhood. Depression that starts in childhood is increasing in frequency, likely due both to evolutionary trends and to increased recognition of the disorder. In this umbrella review, we systematically searched the extant literature for genetic, epigenetic, and neurobiological factors that contribute to a childhood onset of depression. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, OVID/PsychInfo, and Google Scholar with the following inclusion criteria: (1) systematic review or meta-analysis from a peer-reviewed journal; (2) inclusion of a measure assessing early age of onset of depression; and (3) assessment of neurobiological, genetic, environmental, and epigenetic predictors of early onset depression. Findings from 89 systematic reviews of moderate to high quality suggest that childhood-onset depressive disorders have neurobiological, genetic, environmental, and epigenetic roots consistent with a diathesis-stress theory of depression. This review identified key putative markers that may be targeted for personalized clinical decision-making and provide important insights concerning candidate mechanisms that might underpin the early onset of depression.
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Yu DJ, Wing YK, Li TMH, Chan NY. The Impact of Social Media Use on Sleep and Mental Health in Youth: a Scoping Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2024; 26:104-119. [PMID: 38329569 PMCID: PMC10948475 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Social media use (SMU) and other internet-based technologies are ubiquitous in today's interconnected society, with young people being among the commonest users. Previous literature tends to support that SMU is associated with poor sleep and mental health issues in youth, despite some conflicting findings. In this scoping review, we summarized relevant studies published within the past 3 years, highlighted the impacts of SMU on sleep and mental health in youth, while also examined the possible underlying mechanisms involved. Future direction and intervention on rational use of SMU was discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Both cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort studies demonstrated the negative impacts of SMU on sleep and mental health, with preliminary evidence indicating potential benefits especially during the COVID period at which social restriction was common. However, the limited longitudinal research has hindered the establishment of directionality and causality in the association among SMU, sleep, and mental health. Recent studies have made advances with a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of SMU on sleep and mental health in youth, which is of public health importance and will contribute to improving sleep and mental health outcomes while promoting rational and beneficial SMU. Future research should include the implementation of cohort studies with representative samples to investigate the directionality and causality of the complex relationships among SMU, sleep, and mental health; the use of validated questionnaires and objective measurements; and the design of randomized controlled interventional trials to reduce overall and problematic SMU that will ultimately enhance sleep and mental health outcomes in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny J Yu
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tim M H Li
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ngan Yin Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Weigle PE, Shafi RMA. Social Media and Youth Mental Health. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2024; 26:1-8. [PMID: 38103128 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01478-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review recent evidence regarding the relationship between the social media (SM) habits, experiences, and the mental health of youth. We examine effects of social media use (SMU) on specific diagnoses including depression and anxiety. The relationship between psychiatric illness, specific SM experiences, and the issue of SM mental health contagion is also explored. RECENT FINDINGS Youth engagement in SMU has increased dramatically in recent years, concurrent with increases in prevalence of depression and anxiety. The relationship between SMU and mental illness is complex and depends on characteristics of the user (e.g., social comparison and fear of missing out (FOMO) and their SM habits and experiences (e.g., cyberbullying, and sexting,). SM engagement has distinct impacts on anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Growing evidence documents how SM may be a medium for psychiatric contagion. Research findings are largely correlational and dependent on subjective report, limiting their interpretation. The mental health of youth is increasingly tied to their SMU, depending greatly on how youth engage with SM and resultant feedback. Future research must look to establish causality in relationships between SM and mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Weigle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA.
- Quinnipiac University School of Medicine, North Haven, USA.
- Hartford Healthcare, 189 Storrs Road, Mansfield Center, CT, 06250, USA.
| | - Reem M A Shafi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Service, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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Li Y, Shang Y, Yang Y, Hou C, Yang H, Hu Y, Zhang J, Song H, Zhang W. Association of childhood adversities with psychosocial difficulties among Chinese children and adolescents. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1887-1897. [PMID: 37659106 PMCID: PMC10749775 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been well recognized as risk factors for various adverse outcomes. However, the impacts of ACEs on psychological wellbeing among Chinese children and adolescents are unknown. METHODS In total, 27 414 participants (6592 Grade 4-6 and 20 822 Grade 7-12 students) were included and information on ACEs and various psychosocial outcomes was collected. We identified subgroups with distinct psychosocial statuses using cluster analysis and logistic regression was applied to measure the associations of ACEs [individual, cumulative numbers by categories or co-occurring patterns identified by using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA)] with item- and cluster-specific psychosocial difficulties. RESULTS Three and four cluster-based psychosocial statuses were identified for Grade 4-6 and Grade 7-12 students, respectively, indicating that psychosocial difficulties among younger students were mainly presented as changes in relationships/behaviours, whereas older students were more likely featured by deviations in multiple domains including psychiatric symptoms and suicidality. Strongest associations were found for threat-related ACEs (e.g. bullying experiences) with item- or cluster-based psychosocial difficulties (e.g. for cluster-based difficulties, the highest odds ratios = 1.72-2.08 for verbal bullying in Grade 4-6 students and 6.30-12.81 for cyberbullying in Grade 7-12 students). Analyses on cumulative numbers of ACEs and MCA-based ACE patterns revealed similar risk patterns. Additionally, exposure patterns predominated by poor external environment showed significant associations with psychosocial difficulties among Grade 7-12 students but not Grade 4-6 students. CONCLUSIONS Chinese adolescents faced different psychosocial difficulties that varied by age, all of which were associated with ACEs, particularly threat-related ACEs. Such findings prompt the development of early interventions for those key ACEs to prevent psychosocial adversities among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Li
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan Shang
- School of Health Management, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Can Hou
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huazhen Yang
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Song
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Vaillancourt T, Farrell AH, Brittain H, Krygsman A, Vitoroulis I, Pepler D. Bullying before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 53:101689. [PMID: 37690185 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The rates of bullying during the COVID-19 pandemic, a time of unprecedented public health and social restrictions, were compared to earlier times when students attended school in person. Several studies indicated a notable decrease in the prevalence of bullying victimization and perpetration during the pandemic, particularly when online learning was implemented. But studies from countries with fewer social restrictions indicated increases in rates of bullying during the pandemic. Mixed results regarding prevalence rates for some bullying forms (e.g., cyberbullying) were also found. Racialized youth and LGBTQ+ youth reliably reported higher rates of bullying victimization during the pandemic, consistent with pre-pandemic patterns. Reasons for the inconsistencies in findings likely relate to diverse methods, timeframes, and sampling techniques, as well as different experiences with pandemic social restrictions. More longitudinal studies are needed to assess whether bullying involvement did in fact "change" during, compared to before, the pandemic. The findings point to the importance of peer relationships and hint at the potential of increased teacher supervision as a bullying prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ann H Farrell
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Brittain
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Krygsman
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Vitoroulis
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Debra Pepler
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Stambouli M, Malaeb D, Farah N, Cheour M, Obeid S, Hallit S. Insomnia and distress as mediators on the relationship from cyber-victimization to self-reported psychotic experiences: a binational study from Tunisia and Lebanon. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:524. [PMID: 37475011 PMCID: PMC10360279 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While expansive research has accumulated concerning the association between traditional, face-to-face peer victimization and psychosis, a paucity of empirical research has been undertaken so far to investigate these associations with experiences of new and evolving ways of victimization through the digital world. Exploring these associations is highly relevant and timely, given that emerging adults are heavy users of digital technologies, highly exposed to online risks, and are at the peak age of onset of psychosis. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that psychological distress and insomnia symptoms have a significant indirect mediating effect on the association between cyber-victimization and self-reported positive psychotic experiences (SRPEs) in a binational sample of Tunisian and Lebanese community adults. METHOD The total sample was composed of 3766 participants; 3103 were from Lebanon (Mean age: 21.73 ± 3.80 years, 63.6% females) and 663 from Tunisia (Mean age: 26.32 ± 4.86 years, 59.9% females). Online anonymous self-report questionnaires were administered to all participants. RESULTS Higher SRPEs were found in Lebanese participants compared to Tunisians, in single participants compared to married ones, in those with a university level of education compared to secondary or less, in those who live in rural areas compared to urban, in those who do not smoke, do not drink alcohol and do not use marijuana or any other illegal drug. Furthermore, more cyber-victimization, a higher insomnia severity and psychological distress were significantly associated with higher SRPEs. After adjusting for potential confounders, mediation analysis demonstrated that higher cyber-victimization was significantly associated with more insomnia severity/psychological distress; which were, in turn, significantly associated with greater SRPEs. Finally, more cyber-victimization was significantly and directly associated with more positive dimension. CONCLUSION Identifying insomnia and distress as mediators could provide novel insight for psychosis prevention efforts and intervention targets for cyber-victimized individuals prone to experience subclinical psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi hospital, Manouba, 2010 Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Manel Stambouli
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi hospital, Manouba, 2010 Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nour Farah
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Majda Cheour
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi hospital, Manouba, 2010 Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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17
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Da Q, Huang J, Peng Z, Chen Y, Li L. Did the prevalence of traditional school bullying increase after COVID-19? Evidence from a two-stage cross-sectional study before and during COVID-19 pandemic. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 143:106256. [PMID: 37262980 PMCID: PMC10213298 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has had a range of adverse effects on the behavior and mental health of adolescents globally, including bullying, anxiety and depression. However, there is a lack of comparative studies on the changes of school bullying before and during COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE To examine the changes in traditional bullying before and during COVID-19 pandemic and reveal the related risk factors in Shantou, China. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Two samples of secondary school students were collected in 2018 and 2021 in Shantou, respectively. METHODS Bullying history and risk behaviors of students were measured in the past six months. The χ2 test was used to analyze differences in baseline information and bullying types. The binary logistic regression with Forward LR method was used to analyze factors that affect the risk of bullying victimization and perpetration before and during COVID-19. RESULTS A total of 5782 secondary school students were included, 3071 before COVID-19 pandemic and 2711 during COVID-19. The prevalence of different types of victimization and perpetration all increased during COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Boarding, being a lower secondary school student (as opposed to upper secondary school), being male (as opposed to female), drinking, and playing violent video games were shared risk factors for bullying victimization and perpetration. Living in an urban (as opposed to rural and island) was a risk factor for perpetration. Smoking was a risk factor for perpetration. All differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found that the prevalence of bullying victimization as well as perpetration increased during COVID-19. It suggests that we need to pay more attention to traditional school bullying prevention and control in China in the pandemic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Da
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Jinyu Huang
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangzhou Huangpu District, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhekuan Peng
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yueliang Chen
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Liping Li
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China; Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
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