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Arredondo MM. Shining a light on cultural neuroscience: Recommendations on the use of fNIRS to study how sociocultural contexts shape the brain. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 29:106-117. [PMID: 34291971 PMCID: PMC8782924 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a portable neuroimaging technique that may serve as a methodological tool for studying how sociocultural contexts can shape the human brain and impact cognition and behavior. The use of fNIRS in community-based research may (a) advance theoretical knowledge in psychology and neuroscience, particularly regarding underrepresented ethnic-racial communities; (b) increase diversity in samples; and (c) provide neurobiological evidence of sociocultural factors supporting human development. The review aims to introduce the use of fNIRS, including its practicalities and limitations, to new adopters inquiring how sociocultural inputs affect the brain. The review begins with an introduction to cultural neuroscience, and a review on the use of fNIRS follows. Next, benefits and guidelines to the design of fNIRS research in naturalistic environments (in the community or in the field) using a cultural lens are discussed. Strengths-based and community-based approaches in cultural neuroscience are recommended throughout. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Garcini LM, Arredondo MM, Berry O, Church JA, Fryberg S, Thomason ME, McLaughlin KA. Increasing diversity in developmental cognitive neuroscience: A roadmap for increasing representation in pediatric neuroimaging research. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 58:101167. [PMID: 36335807 PMCID: PMC9638728 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of human brain development has advanced rapidly as the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience (DCN) has matured into an established scientific discipline. Despite substantial progress, DCN lags behind other related disciplines in terms of diverse representation, standardized reporting requirements for socio-demographic characteristics of participants in pediatric neuroimaging studies, and use of intentional sampling strategies to more accurately represent the socio-demographic, ethnic, and racial composition of the populations from which participants are sampled. Additional efforts are needed to shift DCN towards a more inclusive field that facilitates the study of individual differences across a variety of cultural and contextual experiences. In this commentary, we outline and discuss barriers within our current scientific practice (e.g., research methods) and beliefs (i.e., what constitutes good science, good scientists, and good research questions) that contribute to under-representation and limited diversity within pediatric neuroimaging studies and propose strategies to overcome those barriers. We discuss strategies to address barriers at intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, systemic, and structural levels. Highlighting strength-based models of inclusion and recognition of the value of diversity in DCN research, along with acknowledgement of the support needed to diversify the field is critical for advancing understanding of neurodevelopment and reducing health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M Garcini
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, United States
| | - Maria M Arredondo
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, United States.
| | - Obianuju Berry
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, United States
| | - Jessica A Church
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | | | - Moriah E Thomason
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, United States
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Burrage RL, Gagnon M, Graham-Bermann SA. Trauma History and Social Support Among American Indian/Alaska Native and Non-Native Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP3326-NP3345. [PMID: 29695220 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518772103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Social support (SS) is one of the most important protective factors against the deleterious effects of trauma exposure on mental health, but only a few studies have looked at predictors of SS among trauma-exposed populations. This study examines what predicts SS from friends, family, and other significant individuals in an ethnically diverse group of 61 women residing in Alaskan shelters for women who have experienced Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Results from bivariate tests indicated that survivors who identified as American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN) reported significantly higher SS from family (M = 5.04, SD = 1.74) in comparison with those who do not identify as AIAN (M = 3.80, SD = 2.31), t(56) = 2.24, p < .05. Income was positively correlated with higher SS from friends, r(59) = .33, p < .05. Lifetime history of interpersonal trauma was significantly and negatively related to variation in SS across multiple domains. When sociodemographic variables, trauma history, and violent relationship history were entered into a multiple regression, this model predicted 34% (p < .001) of the variance in Overall SS and 22% (p < .01), 32% (p < .001), and 17% (p < .05) of SS from family, friends, and other significant individuals, respectively. Taken together, these preliminary results suggest that income, race, lifetime interpersonal trauma history, and number of violent partners are important predictors of SS among women IPV survivors residing in shelters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - MaryBeth Gagnon
- Council on Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault, Juneau, AK, USA
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Brown RA, Dickerson DL, Klein DJ, Agniel D, Johnson CL, D’Amico EJ. Identifying as American Indian/Alaska Native in Urban Areas: Implications for Adolescent Behavioral Health and Well-Being. YOUTH & SOCIETY 2021; 53:54-75. [PMID: 34176991 PMCID: PMC8232344 DOI: 10.1177/0044118x19840048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth exhibit multiple health disparities, including high rates of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use, violence and delinquency, and mental health problems. Approximately 70% of AI/AN youth reside in urban areas, where negative outcomes on behavioral health and well-being are often high. Identity development may be particularly complex in urban settings, where youth may face more fragmented and lower density AI/AN communities, as well as mixed racial-ethnic ancestry and decreased familiarity with AI/AN lifeways. This study examines racial-ethnic and cultural identity among AI/AN adolescents and associations with behavioral health and well-being by analyzing quantitative data collected from a baseline assessment of 185 AI/AN urban adolescents from California who were part of a substance use intervention study. Adolescents who identified as AI/AN on their survey reported better mental health, less alcohol and marijuana use, lower rates of delinquency, and increased happiness and spiritual health.
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Walden AL, West AE. American Indian Researcher Perspectives on Qualitative Inquiry About and Within American Indian Communities. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 64:83-95. [PMID: 31313326 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is presumed that Indigenous researchers are optimally positioned to conduct research about or within their own or other Indigenous communities. However, these researchers may still experience challenges, barriers, and distressing events that are important to identify. Qualitative inquiry may be a particularly vulnerable context for Indigenous researchers given the nature of data collection methods and an emphasis on researcher-participant relationships. This paper details the personal reflections of two American Indian (AI) researchers who carried out qualitative research focused on AI issues and/or communities. The first project examined undergraduate students' opinions of the use of AI imagery in the form of a race-based university mascot. The second was a study of the mental health needs of AI youth and families in an urban community. Several themes characterized both of their experiences and might be generalizable to others working in these contexts: (a) coping with racism and microaggressions; (b) the role and impact of identity politics; (c) community insider/outsider tension; and (d) managing personal distress associated with the research topics and process. These themes are discussed to illuminate ways that Indigenous researchers, engaged in research on Indigenous topics and/or with Indigenous communities, are challenged and affected by their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Walden
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Science, Department of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy E West
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kading ML, Gonzalez MB, Herman KA, Gonzalez J, Walls ML. Living a Good Way of Life: Perspectives from American Indian and First Nation Young Adults. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 64:21-33. [PMID: 31486101 PMCID: PMC6800209 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we respond to calls for strengths-based Indigenous research by highlighting American Indian and First Nations (Anishinaabe) perspectives on wellness. We engaged with Anishinaabe community members by using an iterative, collaborative Group Concept Mapping methodology to define strengths from a within-culture lens. Participants (n = 13) shared what it means to live a good way of life/have wellness for Anishinaabe young adults, ranked/sorted their ideas, and shared their understanding of the map. Results were represented by nine clusters of wellness, which addressed aspects of self-care, self-determination, actualization, community connectedness, traditional knowledge, responsibility to family, compassionate respect toward others, enculturation, and connectedness with earth/ancestors. The clusters were interrelated, primarily in the relationship between self-care and focus on others. The results are interpreted by the authors and Anishinaabe community members though the use of the Seven Grandfather Teachings, which provide a framework for understanding Anishinaabe wellness. The Seven Grandfather Teachings include Honesty (Gwayakwaadiziwin), Respect (Manaadendamowin), Humility (Dabaadendiziwin), Love (Zaagi'idiwin), Wisdom (Nibwaakaawin), Bravery/Courage (Aakode'ewin), and Truth (Debwewin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarette L. Kading
- The College of St. Scholastica, Physician Assistant Studies, 940 Woodland Ave, Duluth, MN 55812
| | - Miigis B. Gonzalez
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 1915 South Street, Duluth, MN 55812
| | - Kaley A. Herman
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 1915 South Street, Duluth, MN 55812
| | - John Gonzalez
- Bemidji State University, 1500 Birchmont Drive NE, Bemidji, MN, 56601
| | - Melissa L. Walls
- Johns Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, 1915 South Street, Duluth, MN 55812
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Wendt DC, Hartmann WE, Allen J, Burack JA, Charles B, D'Amico EJ, Dell CA, Dickerson DL, Donovan DM, Gone JP, O'Connor RM, Radin SM, Rasmus SM, Venner KL, Walls ML. Substance Use Research with Indigenous Communities: Exploring and Extending Foundational Principles of Community Psychology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 64:146-158. [PMID: 31365138 PMCID: PMC6777961 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Many Indigenous communities are concerned with substance use (SU) problems and eager to advance effective solutions for their prevention and treatment. Yet these communities also are concerned about the perpetuation of colonizing, disorder-focused, stigmatizing approaches to mental health, and social narratives related to SU problems. Foundational principles of community psychology-ecological perspectives, empowerment, sociocultural competence, community inclusion and partnership, and reflective practice-provide useful frameworks for informing ethical community-based research pertaining to SU problems conducted with and by Indigenous communities. These principles are explored and extended for Indigenous community contexts through themes generated from seven collaborative studies focused on understanding, preventing, and treating SU problems. These studies are generated from research teams working with Indigenous communities across the United States and Canada-inclusive of urban, rural, and reservation/reserve populations as well as adult and youth participants. Shared themes indicate that Indigenous SU research reflects community psychology principles, as an outgrowth of research agendas and processes that are increasingly guided by Indigenous communities. At the same time, this research challenges these principles in important ways pertaining to Indigenous-settler relations and Indigenous-specific considerations. We discuss these challenges and recommend greater synergy between community psychology and Indigenous research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis C Wendt
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William E Hartmann
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington-Bothell, Bothell, WA, USA
| | - James Allen
- Memory Keepers Medical Discovery Team - American and Rural Health Equity, Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Jacob A Burack
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Billy Charles
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute for Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | | | - Colleen A Dell
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Daniel L Dickerson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis M Donovan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph P Gone
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roisin M O'Connor
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sandra M Radin
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stacy M Rasmus
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute for Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Kamilla L Venner
- Department of Psychology and Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Melissa L Walls
- Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth Campus, Duluth, MN, USA
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Brown RA, Dickerson DL, D'Amico EJ. Cultural Identity Among Urban American Indian/Alaska Native Youth: Implications for Alcohol and Drug Use. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2016; 17:852-61. [PMID: 27450682 PMCID: PMC5030149 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-016-0680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
American Indian / Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth exhibit high rates of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use, which is often linked to the social and cultural upheaval experienced by AI/ANs during the colonization of North America. Urban AI/AN youth may face unique challenges, including increased acculturative stress due to lower concentrations of AI/AN populations in urban areas. Few existing studies have explored cultural identity among urban AI/AN youth and its association with AOD use. This study used systematic qualitative methods with AI/AN communities in two urban areas within California to shed light on how urban AI/AN youth construct cultural identity and how this relates to AOD use and risk behaviors. We conducted 10 focus groups with a total of 70 youth, parents, providers, and Community Advisory Board members and used team-based structured thematic analysis in the Dedoose software platform. We identified 12 themes: intergenerational stressors, cultural disconnection, AI/AN identity as protective, pan-tribal identity, mixed racial-ethnic identity, rural vs. urban environments, the importance of AI/AN institutions, stereotypes and harassment, cultural pride, developmental trajectories, risks of being AI/AN, and mainstream culture clash. Overall, youth voiced curiosity about their AI/AN roots and expressed interest in deepening their involvement in cultural activities. Adults described the myriad ways in which involvement in cultural activities provides therapeutic benefits for AI/AN youth. Interventions that provide urban AI/AN youth with an opportunity to engage in cultural activities and connect with positive and healthy constructs in AI/AN culture may provide added impact to existing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Brown
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St., PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA.
| | - Daniel L Dickerson
- UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, 1640 Sepulveda Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Elizabeth J D'Amico
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St., PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA
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Saftner MA. Family and Friend Influence on Urban-Dwelling American Indian Adolescent Girl's Sexual Risk Behavior. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2016; 26:1561-1573. [PMID: 26612887 PMCID: PMC4882274 DOI: 10.1177/1049732315616627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous research with American Indian (AI) adolescent sexual risk behavior primarily focused on reservation-dwelling youth despite 70% of AIs living off Native lands. Using grounded theory methodology, I sampled 20 adolescent AI girls via talking circles and interviews to explore the perceptions of AI adolescent girls living in an urban, Midwest area about the influence of family and friends on their sexual behavior. Similar to research with other racial groups, participants cited their family and friends as a major influence. Five unique themes emerged related to family and friend influence. Urban-dwelling AI girls rely on their female family members and peers for information related to sex and receive varying messages from their networks of family and friends, which often overlap. AI youth have unique family groups yet have some similarities to other ethnic groups with regard to family and friend relationships that may allow for enhanced intervention development.
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Burrage RL, Gone JP, Momper SL. Urban American Indian Community Perspectives on Resources and Challenges for Youth Suicide Prevention. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 58:136-149. [PMID: 27576308 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
American Indian (AI) youth have some of the highest rates of suicide of any group in the United States, and the majority of AI youth live in urban areas away from tribal communities. As such, understanding the resources available for suicide prevention among urban AI youth is critical, as is understanding the challenges involved in accessing such resources. Pre-existing interview data from 15 self-identified AI community members and staff from an Urban Indian Health Organization were examined to understand existing resources for urban AI youth suicide prevention, as well as related challenges. A thematic analysis was undertaken, resulting in three principal themes around suicide prevention: formal resources, informal resources, and community values and beliefs. Formal resources that meet the needs of AI youth were viewed as largely inaccessible or nonexistent, and youth were seen as more likely to seek help from informal sources. Community values of mutual support were thought to reinforce available informal supports. However, challenges arose in terms of the community's knowledge of and views on discussing suicide, as well as the perceived fit between community values and beliefs and formal prevention models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Burrage
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Joseph P Gone
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sandra L Momper
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kulis SS, Jager J, Ayers SL, Lateef H, Kiehne E. Substance Use Profiles of Urban American Indian Adolescents: A Latent Class Analysis. Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51:1159-73. [PMID: 27191732 PMCID: PMC4964876 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2016.1160125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A growing majority of American Indian adolescents now live in cities and are at high risk of early and problematic substance use and its negative health effects. OBJECTIVE This study used latent class analysis to empirically derive heterogeneous patterns of substance use among urban American Indian adolescents, examined demographic correlates of the resulting latent classes, and tested for differences among the latent classes in other risk behavior and prosocial outcomes. METHOD The study employed a representative sample of 8th, 10th, and 12th grade American Indian adolescents (n = 2,407) in public or charter schools in metropolitan areas of Arizona in 2012. Latent class analysis examined eight types of last 30 day substance use. RESULTS Four latent classes emerged: a large group of "nonusers" (69%); a substantial minority using alcohol, tobacco, and/or marijuana [ATM] (17%); a smaller group of polysubstance users consuming, alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, other illicit drugs, and prescription or OTC drugs in combination (6%); and a "not alcohol" group reporting combinations of tobacco, marijuana, and prescription drug use, but rarely alcohol use (4%). The latent classes varied by age and grade level, but not by other demographic characteristics, and aligned in highly consistent patterns on other non-substance use outcomes. Polysubstance users reported the most problematic and nonusers the least problematic outcomes, with ATM and "not alcohol" users in the middle. CONCLUSIONS Urban AI adolescent substance use occurs in three somewhat distinctive patterns of combinations of recent alcohol and drug consumption, covarying in systematic ways with other problematic risk behaviors and attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Kulis
- a T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona , USA
- b Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center , Arizona State University , Phoenix , Arizona , USA
| | - Justin Jager
- a T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona , USA
- b Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center , Arizona State University , Phoenix , Arizona , USA
| | - Stephanie L Ayers
- b Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center , Arizona State University , Phoenix , Arizona , USA
| | - Husain Lateef
- b Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center , Arizona State University , Phoenix , Arizona , USA
- c School of Social Work , Arizona State University , Phoenix , Arizona , USA
| | - Elizabeth Kiehne
- b Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center , Arizona State University , Phoenix , Arizona , USA
- c School of Social Work , Arizona State University , Phoenix , Arizona , USA
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Rivas-Drake D, Camacho TC, Guillaume C. Just Good Developmental Science: Trust, Identity, and Responsibility in Ethnic Minority Recruitment and Retention. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 50:161-88. [PMID: 26956073 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Given the noted difficulty of recruiting and retaining ethnic and racial minority populations into various kinds of research endeavors (e.g., basic, prevention, intervention, health), they remain underrepresented and thus underserved by the research community as compared to other US groups. As developmental scientists, we often ask questions that imply longitudinal research designs, and thus, issues of attentiveness and responsiveness are paramount to the successful engagement (i.e., recruitment) and sustainability (i.e., retention) of our research with ethnic/racial minority samples. The goal of this chapter is to advance an ongoing dialogue about much of the work researchers of ethnic/racial minority child and youth development do in order to effectually recruit and retain youth and families but that is not often obvious to colleagues and readers of the final products. We frame our discussion with three key broadly significant themes: the role of trust, researcher identity and insider/outsider status, and responsibility. Perhaps most importantly, throughout the chapter, we provide concrete examples of the ways in which developmental scientists are transforming potential recruitment and retention challenges into opportunities in their own research programs.
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Mayan MJ, Daum CH. Worth the Risk? Muddled Relationships in Community-Based Participatory Research. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2016; 26:69-76. [PMID: 26612889 DOI: 10.1177/1049732315618660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a collaborative research approach that has two purposes: (a) to generate knowledge about and (b) to take action to improve the lives of people facing health, social, economic, political, and environmental inequities. The foundation of all CBPR projects is its partnership--its cooperative relationship between community members, service providers, program planners, policy makers, and academics. It is with people--and through relationships--that partnerships are built and sustained. Although relationships between academics and community members are critical to creating knowledge and change, they are overlooked in the literature. We often hear about CBPR "gone wrong," when tensions and conflicts arise because relationship boundaries become blurred. Our purpose is to expose the muddled relationships that can be created between academics and community members in CBPR projects. Drawing upon our experiences presented in a series of vignettes, we consider the nature of these relationships. We explore whether we conduct, in CBPR, good research at the expense of muddling relationships. Despite the potential for muddled relationships, we believe that CBPR is the best approach for research aimed at achieving a more equitable and just society.
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Isaak CA, Stewart DE, Mota NP, Munro G, Katz LY, Sareen J. Surviving, healing and moving forward: Journeys towards resilience among Canadian Cree adults. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2015; 61:788-95. [PMID: 25953776 DOI: 10.1177/0020764015584648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canadian First Nations (FN) people have experienced and continue to experience significant adversities, yet many demonstrate aspects of resilience. AIM The aim of this qualitative study was to specifically understand Cree adults' meanings and mechanisms of resilience following maltreatment. METHODS Ten Cree adults were interviewed individually. Modified grounded theory was used to interpret the transcribed interviews. RESULTS Participants discussed resilience as a journey of 'survival' and 'overcoming' and pathways to healing that were multifactorial and included traditional teachings. CONCLUSION Mental health providers should consider and incorporate these mechanisms into treatment for Cree people, when appropriate, to aid recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne A Isaak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Donna E Stewart
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie P Mota
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Garry Munro
- Cree Nation Tribal Health, The Pas, MB, Canada
| | - Laurence Y Katz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jitender Sareen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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