1
|
Zohreh Vahedi S, Farhadian S, Shareghi B, Asgharzadeh S. Interaction between the antioxidant compound safranal and α-chymotrypsin in spectroscopic fields and molecular modeling approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4097-4109. [PMID: 37969053 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2272186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Among various herbal plants, saffron has been the subject of study in various medical and food fields. Among the compounds of saffron, safranal is one of them. Safranal is a monoterpene aldehyde. The precursor of safranal is called picrocrocin, whose hydrolysis leads to the production of safranal. picrocrocin has two sugar components and aglycone. sugar component was separated during the drying process of saffron and safranal is produced. Saffron is the cause of the saffron aroma. Previous studies have shown that safranal offers many benefits such as antioxidants, blood pressure regulation and anti-tumor qualities. On the other hand, α-Chy is an enzyme secreted by the pancreas into the intestine and then acts as an efficient protease. In this study, various methods, such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and molecular binding, and different spectroscopic techniques, as well as protein stability techniques, were used to investigate the possible interactions between safranal and α-Chy. UV spectroscopic studies were showing that the existence of safranal decreased α-Chy absorption intensity. safranal caused the intrinsic fluorescence of α-Chy to be quenched too. According to the Stern-Volmer equation, the interaction between safranal and α-Chy was of the static type. In thermodynamic calculations, the interaction between safranal and α-Chy was stabilized by hydrophobic forces. And it was found that this interaction continued spontaneously. These results were, thus, consistent with the Docking data simulation (with the negative ΔG° number and positive changes in enthalpy and entropy). The thermal stability of α-Chy was also measured, showing that its melting point was shifted to a higher threshold as a result of the interaction. also, MD simulation indicated that α-Chy became more stable in the presence of safranal. In this paper, all the results of the laboratory techniques were confirmed by molecular dynamic simulations, so the correctness of the results was confirmed. From this research, we hope to carefully observe the possible changes in the behavior and structure of the enzyme in the presence of safranal.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sadegh Farhadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Behzad Shareghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sanaz Asgharzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gorgzadeh A, Amiri PA, Yasamineh S, Naser BK, Abdulallah KA. The potential use of nanozyme in aging and age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2024:10.1007/s10522-024-10095-w. [PMID: 38466515 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The effects of an increasingly elderly population are among the most far-reaching in 21st-century society. The growing healthcare expense is mainly attributable to the increased incidence of chronic illnesses that accompany longer life expectancies. Different ideas have been put up to explain aging, but it is widely accepted that oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids contributes to the aging process. Increases in life expectancy in all contemporary industrialized cultures are accompanied by sharp increases in the prevalence of age-related diseases such as cardiovascular and neurological conditions, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer. Therefore, academic and public health authorities should prioritize the development of therapies to increase health span. Nanozyme (NZ)-like activity in nanomaterials has been identified as promising anti-aging nanomedicines. More than that, nanomaterials displaying catalytic activities have evolved as artificial enzymes with high structural stability, variable catalytic activity, and functional diversity for use in a wide range of biological settings, including those dealing with age-related disorders. Due to their inherent enzyme-mimicking qualities, enzymes have attracted significant interest in treating diseases associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS). The effects of NZs on aging and age-related disorders are summarized in this article. Finally, prospects and threats to enzyme research and use in aging and age-related disorders are offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paria Arab Amiri
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
He F, Chen C, Wang Y, Wang S, Lyu S, Jiao J, Huang G, Yang J. Safranal acts as a neurorestorative agent in rats with cerebral ischemic stroke via upregulating SIRT1. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:71. [PMID: 38234630 PMCID: PMC10792405 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Safranal is an active ingredient of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Its neuroprotective role in ischemic stroke (IS) through reducing oxidative stress damage has been widely reported. However, the neurorestorative mechanisms of safranal are still in the preliminary stage of exploration. the present study is aimed to discuss the effects of safranal on the recovery of neural function after IS. A middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMEC) were established to explore the effects of safranal on IS in vivo and in vitro. It was found that safranal dramatically reduced infarct size and Nissl's body loss in rats subjected to MCAO/R. Safranal also promoted neuron survival, stimulated neurogenesis, induced angiogenesis and increased SIRT1 expression in vivo and in vitro. Silencing of SIRT1 reversed the above effects of safranal on OGD/R-induced RBMEC. The present study indicated that safranal was a promising compound to exert neurorestorative effect in IS via upregulating SIRT1 expression. These results offer insight into developing new mechanisms in the recovery of neural function after safranal treatment of IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325006, P.R. China
| | - Chunmian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Endocrinology, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325006, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325006, P.R. China
| | - Shuen Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325006, P.R. China
| | - Shuangyan Lyu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325006, P.R. China
| | - Junqiang Jiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325006, P.R. China
| | - Guoyong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Endocrinology, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325006, P.R. China
| | - Jiangshun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Endocrinology, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boccaccini A, Cavaterra D, Carnevale C, Tanga L, Marini S, Bocedi A, Lacal PM, Manni G, Graziani G, Sbardella D, Tundo GR. Novel frontiers in neuroprotective therapies in glaucoma: Molecular and clinical aspects. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101225. [PMID: 38000334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, neuroprotective therapies have attracted the researcher interests as modern and challenging approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, aimed at protecting the nervous system from injuries. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive excavation of the optic nerve head, retinal axonal injury and corresponding vision loss that affects millions of people on a global scale. The molecular basis of the pathology is largely uncharacterized yet, and the therapeutic approaches available do not change the natural course of the disease. Therefore, in accordance with the therapeutic regimens proposed for other neurodegenerative diseases, a modern strategy to treat glaucoma includes prescription of drugs with neuroprotective activities. With respect to this, several preclinical and clinical investigations on a plethora of different drugs are currently ongoing. In this review, first, the conceptualization of the rationale for the adoption of neuroprotective strategies for retina is summarized. Second, the molecular aspects highlighting glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease are reported. In conclusion, the molecular and pharmacological properties of most promising direct neuroprotective drugs used to delay glaucoma progression are examined, including: neurotrophic factors, NMDA receptor antagonists, the α2-adrenergic agonist, brimonidine, calcium channel blockers, antioxidant agents, nicotinamide and statins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dario Cavaterra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Marini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessio Bocedi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Manni
- IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Raffaella Tundo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier n. 1, 00133, Roma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De la Fuente Muñoz M, Román-Carmena M, Amor S, García-Villalón ÁL, Espinel AE, González-Hedström D, Granado García M. Effects of Supplementation with the Standardized Extract of Saffron (affron ®) on the Kynurenine Pathway and Melatonin Synthesis in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1619. [PMID: 37627614 PMCID: PMC10451224 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is mainly synthesized in the pineal gland from tryptophan after its conversion into serotonin. Under normal conditions, less than 5% of tryptophan is reserved for the synthesis of serotonin and melatonin. The remaining 95% is metabolized in the liver through the kynurenine pathway. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and cortisol increase the metabolism of tryptophan through the kynurenine pathway and reduce its availability for the synthesis of melatonin and serotonin, which may cause alterations in mood and sleep. The standardized saffron extract (affron®) has shown beneficial effects on mood and sleep disorders in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the effects of affron® supplementation on the kynurenine pathway and the synthesis of melatonin in rats. For this purpose, adult male Wistar rats were supplemented for 7 days with 150 mg/kg of affron® or vehicle (2 mL/kg water) administered by gavage one hour before sleep. Affron® supplementation reduced body weight gain and increased the circulating levels of melatonin, testosterone, and c-HDL. Moreover, animals supplemented with affron® showed decreased serum levels of kynurenine, ET-1, and c-LDL. In the pineal gland, affron® reduced Il-6 expression and increased the expression of Aanat, the key enzyme for melatonin synthesis. In the liver, affron® administration decreased the mRNA levels of the enzymes of the kynurenine pathway Ido-2, Tod-2, and Aadat, as well as the gene expression of Il-1β and Tnf-α. Finally, rats treated with affron® showed increased mRNA levels of the antioxidant enzymes Ho-1, Sod-1, Gsr, and Gpx-3, both in the liver and in the pineal gland. In conclusion, affron® supplementation reduces kynurenine levels and promotes melatonin synthesis in rats, possibly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, making this extract a possible alternative for the treatment and/or prevention of mood and sleep disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario De la Fuente Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.l.F.M.); (M.R.-C.); (S.A.); (Á.L.G.-V.)
| | - Marta Román-Carmena
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.l.F.M.); (M.R.-C.); (S.A.); (Á.L.G.-V.)
| | - Sara Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.l.F.M.); (M.R.-C.); (S.A.); (Á.L.G.-V.)
| | - Ángel Luís García-Villalón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.l.F.M.); (M.R.-C.); (S.A.); (Á.L.G.-V.)
| | - Alberto E. Espinel
- Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U., Parque Científico de Madrid, Avenida del Doctor Severo Ochoa, 37 Local 4J, 28108 Alcobendas, Spain; (A.E.E.); (D.G.-H.)
| | - Daniel González-Hedström
- Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U., Parque Científico de Madrid, Avenida del Doctor Severo Ochoa, 37 Local 4J, 28108 Alcobendas, Spain; (A.E.E.); (D.G.-H.)
| | - Miriam Granado García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.D.l.F.M.); (M.R.-C.); (S.A.); (Á.L.G.-V.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Anaeigoudari F, Anaeigoudari A, Kheirkhah‐Vakilabad A. A review of therapeutic impacts of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its constituents. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15785. [PMID: 37537722 PMCID: PMC10400758 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of herbal medicines in the treatment of diseases is in the center of attention of medical scientific societies. Saffron (Cricus sativus L.) is a medicinal plant belonging to the Iridaceae family with different therapeutic properties. The outcomes of human and animal experiments indicate that therapeutic impacts of saffron and its constituents, crocin, crocetin, and safranal, mainly are mediated via inhibiting the inflammatory reactions and scavenging free radicals. It has been suggested that saffron and crocin extracted from it also up-regulate the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), down-regulate nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and untimely improve the body organs dysfunction. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) also is attributed to crocin. The current review narrates the therapeutic effects of saffron and its constituents on various body systems through looking for the scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar from the beginning of 2010 until the end of 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Anaeigoudari
- Student Research Committee, Afzalipour Faculty of MedicineKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineJiroft University of Medical SciencesJiroftIran
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gómez Gómez L, Morote L, Frusciante S, Rambla JL, Diretto G, Niza E, López-Jimenez AJ, Mondejar M, Rubio-Moraga Á, Argandoña J, Presa S, Martín-Belmonte A, Luján R, Granell A, Ahrazem O. Fortification and bioaccessibility of saffron apocarotenoids in potato tubers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1045979. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1045979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are C40 isoprenoids with well-established roles in photosynthesis, pollination, photoprotection, and hormone biosynthesis. The enzymatic or ROS-induced cleavage of carotenoids generates a group of compounds named apocarotenoids, with an increasing interest by virtue of their metabolic, physiological, and ecological activities. Both classes are used industrially in a variety of fields as colorants, supplements, and bio-actives. Crocins and picrocrocin, two saffron apocarotenoids, are examples of high-value pigments utilized in the food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a unique construct was achieved, namely O6, which contains CsCCD2L, UGT74AD1, and UGT709G1 genes responsible for the biosynthesis of saffron apocarotenoids driven by a patatin promoter for the generation of potato tubers producing crocins and picrocrocin. Different tuber potatoes accumulated crocins and picrocrocin ranging from 19.41–360 to 105–800 μg/g DW, respectively, with crocetin, crocin 1 [(crocetin-(β-D-glucosyl)-ester)] and crocin 2 [(crocetin)-(β-D-glucosyl)-(β-D-glucosyl)-ester)] being the main compounds detected. The pattern of carotenoids and apocarotenoids were distinct between wild type and transgenic tubers and were related to changes in the expression of the pathway genes, especially from PSY2, CCD1, and CCD4. In addition, the engineered tubers showed higher antioxidant capacity, up to almost 4-fold more than the wild type, which is a promising sign for the potential health advantages of these lines. In order to better investigate these aspects, different cooking methods were applied, and each process displayed a significant impact on the retention of apocarotenoids. More in detail, the in vitro bioaccessibility of these metabolites was found to be higher in boiled potatoes (97.23%) compared to raw, baked, and fried ones (80.97, 78.96, and 76.18%, respectively). Overall, this work shows that potatoes can be engineered to accumulate saffron apocarotenoids that, when consumed, can potentially offer better health benefits. Moreover, the high bioaccessibility of these compounds revealed that potato is an excellent way to deliver crocins and picrocrocin, while also helping to improve its nutritional value.
Collapse
|
8
|
Molecular Mechanisms behind Safranal's Toxicity to HepG2 Cells from Dual Omics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061125. [PMID: 35740022 PMCID: PMC9219844 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The spice saffron (Crocus sativus) has anticancer activity in several human tissues, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its potential therapeutic effects are poorly understood. We investigated the impact of safranal, a small molecule secondary metabolite from saffron, on the HCC cell line HepG2 using untargeted metabolomics (HPLC–MS) and transcriptomics (RNAseq). Increases in glutathione disulfide and other biomarkers for oxidative damage contrasted with lower levels of the antioxidants biliverdin IX (139-fold decrease, p = 5.3 × 105), the ubiquinol precursor 3-4-dihydroxy-5-all-trans-decaprenylbenzoate (3-fold decrease, p = 1.9 × 10−5), and resolvin E1 (−3282-fold decrease, p = 45), which indicates sensitization to reactive oxygen species. We observed a significant increase in intracellular hypoxanthine (538-fold increase, p = 7.7 × 10−6) that may be primarily responsible for oxidative damage in HCC after safranal treatment. The accumulation of free fatty acids and other biomarkers, such as S-methyl-5′-thioadenosine, are consistent with safranal-induced mitochondrial de-uncoupling and explains the sharp increase in hypoxanthine we observed. Overall, the dual omics datasets describe routes to widespread protein destabilization and DNA damage from safranal-induced oxidative stress in HCC cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gül M, Kayhan Kuştepe E, Erdemli ME, Altınöz E, Gözükara Bağ HG, Gül S, Göktürk N. Protective effects of crocin on acrylamide-induced testis damage. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14176. [PMID: 34309867 DOI: 10.1111/and.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to acrylamide (Ac) through food is almost inevitable and this kind of toxicity may cause lifelong harm. In present study, we researched effects of Crocin (Cr) on testis histopathology in Ac-induced testis of rats. Adult male rats were grouped as: group 1, 1 ml saline only; group 2, 50 mg/kg Cr only; group 3, 25 mg/kg Ac only and group 4, 25 mg/kg Ac + 50 mg/kg Cr. All administrations were given as 1 ml/day by gavage for 21 days. It was found that Ac adversely influenced the levels of FSH, testosterone and LH in the blood serum; malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI)/ glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant status (TAS) oxidant/antioxidant parameters in testis tissue (p < .01) and the histopathological parameters like Johnson's score, seminiferous tubule diameter, seminiferous epithelial height and H-score for caspase-3 immunoreactivity. In contrary, Cr treatment resulted in increase in testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizan hormone (LH) levels and SOD, CAT, GSH, TAS levels (p < .01) and improved all the histopathological changes. In conclusion, Cr has a promising protective potential against Ac-caused toxic damages in testicular tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gül
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Battalgazi, Turkey
| | - Elif Kayhan Kuştepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Battalgazi, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erman Erdemli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Battalgazi, Turkey
| | - Eyüp Altınöz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabük University, Kılavuzlar, Turkey
| | - Harika Gözde Gözükara Bağ
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Battalgazi, Turkey
| | - Semir Gül
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Battalgazi, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Göktürk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Battalgazi, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao L, Wang M, Liao L, Gou N, Xu P, Ren Z, Yao M, Yuan E, Yang X, Ren J. A Slc25a46 Mouse Model Simulating Age-Associated Motor Deficit, Redox Imbalance, and Mitochondria Dysfunction. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:440-447. [PMID: 33277645 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial theory of aging postulates that accumulation of mtDNA mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction are responsible for producing aging phenotypes. To more comprehensively explore the complex relationship between aging and mitochondria dysfunction, we have developed a mouse model with Slc25a46 knockout, a nuclear gene described as encoding mitochondrial carriers, by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to mimic some typical aging phenotypes in human. Slc25a46-/- mice present segmental premature aging phenotypes characterized by shortened life span of no more than 2 months, obviously defective motor ability, gastrocnemius muscle atrophy, and imbalance of redox level in brain and liver. The underlying mechanism for multiple organ disorder may attribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is mainly manifested in the damaged mitochondrial structure (eg, vacuolar structure, irregular swelling, and disorganized cristae) and an age-associated decrease in respiratory chain enzyme (mainly complex I and IV) activity. In summary, our study suggests that the Slc25a46-/- mouse is a valid animal model for segmental aging-related pathologies studies based on mitochondrial theory, generating a new platform to both understand mechanisms between aging and mitochondria dysfunction as well as to design mitochondria-based therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial quality, and thereby the overall healthspan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linfeng Liao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Gou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Piao Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyu Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Maojin Yao
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Erdong Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinquan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Samini M, Farkhondeh T, Azimi-Nezhad M, Samarghandian S. Chrysin's Impact on Oxidative and Inflammation Damages in the Liver of Aged Male Rats. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:743-748. [PMID: 32679027 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200717162304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of chrysin on one of the natural antioxidants on aging progression in an animal model. BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation increase in hepatic tissue during aging, leading to liver dysfunction. OBJECTIVE The current research was conducted to show the effect of chrysin on the activities of antioxidant enzyme (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), serum nitric oxide (NO), and lipid peroxidation as well as inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) of aging rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats of different ages, 2, 10, and 20 months, were randomly divided into six groups as follows (n=8, per each group): young control rats (C2), young CH-treated rats (CH2), middle- aged control rats (C10), middle-aged CH-treated group (CH10), aged control group (C20), and aged CH-treated group (CH20). Chrysin (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once a day for 30 days. RESULT Present findings indicated that chrysin treatment ameliorated the increased liver levels of lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, and IL-1β as well as serum levels of NO. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that chrysin could be effective against the progression of ageinduced damage by modulation of oxidant-antioxidant system and inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samini
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mousavi SM, Mokhtari P, Asbaghi O, Rigi S, Persad E, Jayedi A, Rezvani H, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Sadeghi O. Does saffron supplementation have favorable effects on liver function indicators? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6315-6327. [PMID: 33724127 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1900059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical approaches have been suggested to improve liver health. There is a large discrepancy in the effects of saffron supplementation on liver function in adults. To fill this knowledge gap, this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assess the effects of saffron supplementation on liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). A systematic search current to August 2020 was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords to detect eligible articles. A random-effects model was used to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence (95% CI). Nine eligible trials were included in the final analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that serum ALT concentrations were significantly reduced using saffron compared to placebo (WMD: -2.39 U/L; 95% CI: -4.57 to -0.22; P = 0.03, I2= 87.9%, P < 0.001). However, saffron supplementation did not affect levels of serum AST (WMD: 1.12 U/L; 95% CI: -1.42 to 3.65; P = 0.39) or ALP (WMD: 4.32 U/L; 95% CI: -6.91 to 15.54; P = 0.78). In the dose-response analysis, we did not find a significant dose-response relationship between dosage and duration of saffron supplementation on serum levels of ALT, AST, and ALP. We found that saffron supplementation can reduce ALT serum concentrations without significant effects on other liver function indicators, including AST and ALP. Nevertheless, future large RCTs on diverse populations are needed to understand better the effects of saffron and its constituents on these enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pari Mokhtari
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Somaye Rigi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emma Persad
- Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hamid Rezvani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Mahamat-Saleh
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Gerash Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nanda S, Madan K. The role of Safranal and saffron stigma extracts in oxidative stress, diseases and photoaging: A systematic review. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06117. [PMID: 33615006 PMCID: PMC7881230 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a result of various environmental factors and cellular metabolism reactions creating oxidative stress. The reversible oxidative modification on proteins such as cysteine oxidation may be useful and can play positive role. ROS generated offer some benefits such as cellular signalling and tissue repair when present in low concentration. However, most of the times, these reactive species cause detrimental effects to cell components which leads to various pathological conditions which causes or aggravates diseases due to oxidative stress. The degenerative diseases due to oxidative stress are diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, epilepsy, cancer and aging. Antioxidants are the compounds which scavenge these free radicals and hence neutralize their effects. Research has enabled the use of natural antioxidants as therapeutic agent in the treatment of diseases. Safranal is one such natural agent which is a major volatile component of saffron. Saffron, Red gold is the most expensive spice found in limited region of the planet and is also reported to be used in traditional systems of medicine. Chemically, safranal is a monoterpene aldehyde possessing a sweet fragrance. While exploring for the photoprotective properties of safranal, we learnt about the immense antioxidant potential of safranal. Investigation by various research groups established safranal as an anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, anxiolytic, antiasthamatic, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, anticancer and antitussive and antigenotoxic agent. It has brought researchers over the world to explore the antioxidant benefits of saffron for human health. In the present paper, potential of safranal and its related molecules as radical scavenger in combating oxidative stress, diseased conditions is collated and the underlying mechanisms have been explained. Various cell lines and animal models used for study of Safranal have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Nanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M. D. University, 124001 Rohtak, India
| | - Kumud Madan
- Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Soheili M, Karimian M, Hamidi G, Salami M. Alzheimer's disease treatment: The share of herbal medicines. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:123-135. [PMID: 33953850 PMCID: PMC8061323 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.50536.11512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the most frequent forms of dementia in neurological disorders is Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by impaired learning and memory. Pathological symptoms as extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles occur in AD. Due to the aging of the population and increased prevalence of AD, discovery of new therapeutic agents with the highest effectiveness and fewer side effect seems to be necessary. Numerous synthetic medicines such as tacrine, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, glutathione, ascorbic acid, ubiquinone, ibuprofen, and ladostigil are routinely used for reduction of the symptoms and prevention of disease progression. Nowadays, herbal medicines have attracted popular attention for numerous beneficial effects with little side effects. Lavandula angustifolia, Ginkgo biloba, Melissa officinalis, Crocus sativus, Ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Magnolia officinalis have been widely used for relief of symptoms of some neurological disorders. This paper reviews the therapeutic effects of phytomedicines with prominent effects against various factors implicated in the emergence and progression of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Soheili
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Gholamali Hamidi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Salami
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Boukada F, Meddah B. Flavonoids from aerial part of Algerian Ajuga iva (L.) schreb.: The HPLC-UV analysis and Antioxidant capacity. KRAGUJEVAC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/kgjsci2143023b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The study deals with the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of extracts from the aerial part of Algerian Ajuga iva. Extraction of flavonoids was carried out by 85% of methanol, then the crude extract was successively separated with ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, reducing power, and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances assays. Extracts are subject to HPLC-UV analysis. The average total phenol contents of extracts vary between 3.87 ± 0.17 and 149.74 ± 3.94 (gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry extract). Furthermore, tested extracts exhibited a broad range of flavonoid contents varying from 1.54 ± 0.09 to 41.18 ± 1.03 (catechin equivalent per gram of dry extract). Butanol and ethyl acetate fractions displayed the highest antioxidant activity. A good correlation between the phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant activity was observed. Rutin, caffeic acid, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, luteolin, and cinnamic acid were present in the extracts. The plant could be a potential source of antioxidant agents.
Collapse
|
16
|
Cerdá-Bernad D, Valero-Cases E, Pastor JJ, Frutos MJ. Saffron bioactives crocin, crocetin and safranal: effect on oxidative stress and mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:3232-3249. [PMID: 33356506 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1864279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is used as a spice for its organoleptic characteristics related to its coloring and flavoring properties, and it has been also used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases. The main chemical components responsible for these properties are crocin, crocetin and safranal. These compounds have been shown to have a wide spectrum of biological activities, including several properties as antigenotoxic, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiatherosclerotic, antidiabetic, hypotensive, hypoglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antidegenerative and antidepressant, among others. This review article highlights the antioxidant effects of these bioactive compounds to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mechanisms of action involved, since there are a multitude of diseases related to oxidative stress and the generation of free radicals (FRs). Recent studies have shown that the effects of crocin, crocetin and safranal against oxidative stress include the reduction in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA] levels) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and the increase in the levels of glutathione, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]) and thiol content. Therefore, due to the great antioxidant effects of these saffron compounds, it makes saffron a potential source of bioactive extracts for the development of bioactive ingredients, which can be used to produce functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Cerdá-Bernad
- Research Group on Quality and Safety, Food Technology Department, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Estefanía Valero-Cases
- Research Group on Quality and Safety, Food Technology Department, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, Spain
| | | | - María José Frutos
- Research Group on Quality and Safety, Food Technology Department, Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Malfa GA, Tomasello B, Acquaviva R, Mantia AL, Pappalardo F, Ragusa M, Renis M, Di Giacomo C. The Antioxidant Activities of Betula etnensis Rafin. Ethanolic Extract Exert Protective and Anti-diabetic Effects on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E847. [PMID: 32927638 PMCID: PMC7555603 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological mechanisms correlating diabetes mellitus with associated complications are still not completely clear, even though oxidative stress seems to play a pivotal role. Literature data suggest that cell damages induced by hyperglycemia, although multifactorial, have a common pathway in oxidative/nitrosative stress. The present study evaluated the effects of Betula etnensis Raf. bark extract, a plant belonging to the Betulaceae family endemic to Sicily, on oxidative stress and in preventing and/or retarding diabetes-associated complications in streptozotocin diabetic rats treated with the extract at dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight per day for 28 consecutive days. The extract administration significant decreased food and water intake, fasting blood glucose, weight loss and polyuria, compared with untreated diabetic animals. Furthermore, oxidative stress markers particularly, lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and nitrite/nitrate levels, non-proteic thiol groups (RSH), γ-glutamyl-cysteine-synthetase (γ-GCS) activities and expression, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (i-NOS e-NOS) expression, significantly changed by streptozocin treatment, were markedly restored both in plasma and tissues together with nuclear sirtuins activity (Sirt1). Results suggested that B. etnensis bark alcoholic extract is able to counteract oxidative stress and to ameliorate some general parameters related to diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Antonio Malfa
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.L.M.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.L.M.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Rosaria Acquaviva
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.L.M.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Alfonsina La Mantia
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.L.M.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Francesco Pappalardo
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.L.M.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Monica Ragusa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Marcella Renis
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.L.M.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Claudia Di Giacomo
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (B.T.); (A.L.M.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (C.D.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Orio L, Alen F, Ballesta A, Martin R, Gomez de Heras R. Antianhedonic and Antidepressant Effects of Affron ®, a Standardized Saffron ( Crocus Sativus L.) Extract. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143207. [PMID: 32679643 PMCID: PMC7397008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depression have high prevalence in the general population, affecting millions of people worldwide, but there is still a need for effective and safe treatments. Nutritional supplements have recently received a lot of attention, particularly saffron. Thus, several pre-clinical studies support a beneficial role for bioactive compounds, such as saffron, in anxiety and depression. Here we used an animal model of depression based on social isolation to assess the effects of affron®, a standardized saffron extract containing ≥3.5% of total bioactive compounds safranal and crocin isomers. Affron® was administered both through the oral and the intraperitoneal routes, and several tasks related to anxiety and depression, such as the elevated plus maze, the forced swimming test or the sucrose preference test, were assessed. These tasks model key features of depressive states and anxious states relating to fear, behavioral despair or anhedonia, the lack of motivation and/or pleasure from everyday activities, respectively. Animals receiving oral affron® displayed behaviors congruent with improvements in their anxious/depressive state, showing the enhanced consumption of a sweet solution, as well as an increase in certain escape responses in the forced swimming test. Our data support a beneficial role for oral saffron in anxious/depressive states.
Collapse
|
19
|
Fernández-Albarral JA, de Hoz R, Ramírez AI, López-Cuenca I, Salobrar-García E, Pinazo-Durán MD, Ramírez JM, Salazar JJ. Beneficial effects of saffron ( Crocus sativus L.) in ocular pathologies, particularly neurodegenerative retinal diseases. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1408-1416. [PMID: 31997799 PMCID: PMC7059587 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.274325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has been traditionally used in food preparation and as a medicinal plant. It currently has numerous therapeutic properties attributed to it, such as protection against ischemia, as well as anticonvulsant, antidepressant, anxiolytic, hypolipidemic, anti-atherogenic, anti-hypertensive, antidiabetic, and anti-cancer properties. In addition, saffron has remarkable beneficial properties, such as anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, due to its main metabolites, among which crocin and crocetin stand out. Furthermore, increasing evidence underwrites the possible neuroprotective role of the main bioactive saffron constituents in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, both in experimental models and in clinical studies in patients. Currently, saffron supplementation is being tested for ocular neurodegenerative pathologies, such as diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma, among others, and shows beneficial effects. The present article provides a comprehensive and up to date report of the investigations on the beneficial effects of saffron extracts on the main neurodegenerative ocular pathologies and other ocular diseases. This review showed that saffron extracts could be considered promising therapeutic agents to help in the treatment of ocular neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo; Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo; Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés López-Cuenca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María D Pinazo-Durán
- Unidad de Investigación Oftalmológica Santiago Grisolia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo; Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Salazar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo; Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Azizi M, Abbasi N, Mohamadpour M, Bakhtiyari S, Asadi S, Shirzadpour E, Aidy A, Mohamadpour M, Amraei M. Investigating the effect of Crocus sativus L. petal hydroalcoholic extract on inflammatory and enzymatic indices resulting from alcohol use in kidney and liver of male rats. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:269-283. [PMID: 31632125 PMCID: PMC6790211 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s216125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that consumption of high levels of alcohol causes many negative effects on the liver and kidneys where antioxidant ingredients can be a proper solution to reducing the resulting damages. So, the present study investigated the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) petal with antioxidant properties on the changes in inflammatory and enzymatic indices resulting from alcohol use in the male rats’ kidney and liver. Materials and methods After preparing the extract, LD50 was determined and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to specify the type and the rate of the active ingredients of the extract. Then, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n=6). The first group was only administered with normal saline and the second group only received ethyl alcohol 6 mL/kg/day·BW. The third and the fourth groups received ethyl alcohol 6 mL/kg/day·BW plus 167.5 and 335 mg/kg/day·BW saffron petal extract for 8 weeks. The fifth and the sixth groups received ethyl alcohol 6 mL/kg/day·BW for the first 8 weeks and were subsequently gavage fed on saffron extract for 167.5 and 335 mg/kg/day·BW, respectively, during the next 8 weeks. In the beginning and after the termination of the treatment, blood samples were collected from all rats. Results The LD50 of the extract was about 670 mg/kg. The HPLC results indicated that the extract contains important antioxidant ingredients. At the end of the study, the serum concentration of the inflammatory indices, renal enzymes, and hepatic enzymes experienced a significant reduction in all of the intervened groups compared to the negative control group (minimum significant difference: P<0.05) except for the treatment group 1. Conclusion Based on the current results, the extract has a protective effect in a dosage-dependent way and greater protective roles were documented for higher dosages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Azizi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Naser Abbasi
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mohamadpour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sirous Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shirzadpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Aidy
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mohamadpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mansour Amraei
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Moratalla-López N, Bagur MJ, Lorenzo C, Salinas MEMNR, Alonso GL. Bioactivity and Bioavailability of the Major Metabolites of Crocus sativus L. Flower. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152827. [PMID: 31382514 PMCID: PMC6696252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Crocus sativus L. has been cultivated throughout history to obtain its flowers, whose dried stigmas give rise to the spice known as saffron. Crocetin esters, picrocrocin, and safranal are the main metabolites of this spice, which possess a great bioactivity, although the mechanisms of action and its bioavailability are still to be solved. The rest of the flower is composed by style, tepals, and stamens that have other compounds, such as kaempferol and delphinidin, which have an important antioxidant capacity, and these can be applied in foods, phytopharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The aim of this work was to provide an updated and critical review of the research on the main compounds of Crocus sativus L. flower, including the adequate analytical methods for their identification and quantification, with a focus on their bioactivity and bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Moratalla-López
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - María José Bagur
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Cándida Lorenzo
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Gonzalo L Alonso
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, ETSI Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mardani H, Maninang J, Appiah KS, Oikawa Y, Azizi M, Fujii Y. Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron ( Crocus sativus) by Using Static Exposure Method. Molecules 2019; 24:E1788. [PMID: 31072064 PMCID: PMC6539543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Safranal, the main volatile chemical of Saffron (Crocus sativus) was studied to estimate its allelopathic effects on the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll, leaf electrolyte leakage, fresh weight, catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) activity of the test plant Lettuce (Lactuca sativa). In this study, the effective concentration (EC50) of safranal on CAT was estimated to be 6.12 µg/cm3. CAT activity was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the increase in the safranal concentration while POX activity was increased. Moreover, Safranal caused significant physiological changes in chlorophyll content, leaf electrolyte leakage, and fresh weight of several weed species with Lolium multiflorum being the most sensitive. Furthermore, 5 µM Safranal showed significant inhibitory activity against dicotyledonous in comparison to the monocotyledons under greenhouse conditions. The inhibition of the CAT by safranal was similar to those of uncompetitive inhibitors, and therefore the decline in carbon fixation by plants might be the mechanism behind the inhibitory activity of safranal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mardani
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu Campus, 2N405, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - John Maninang
- Center for Global Communication Strategies (CGCS) College of Arts and Sciences,The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Kwame Sarpong Appiah
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu Campus, 2N405, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Yosei Oikawa
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu Campus, 2N405, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Majid Azizi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Yoshiharu Fujii
- Center for Global Communication Strategies (CGCS) College of Arts and Sciences,The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ashktorab H, Soleimani A, Singh G, Amin A, Tabtabaei S, Latella G, Stein U, Akhondzadeh S, Solanki N, Gondré-Lewis MC, Habtezion A, Brim H. Saffron: The Golden Spice with Therapeutic Properties on Digestive Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050943. [PMID: 31027364 PMCID: PMC6567082 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Saffron is a natural compound that has been used for centuries in many parts of the world as a food colorant and additive. It was shown to have the ability to mitigate various disorders through its known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of saffron in the treatment of various chronic diseases like inflammatory bowel diseases, Alzheimer's, rheumatoid arthritis as well as common malignancies of the colon, stomach, lung, breast, and skin. Modern day drugs generally have unwanted side effects, which led to the current trend to use naturally occurring products with therapeutic properties. In the present review, the objective is to systematically analyze the wealth of information regarding the potential mechanisms of action and the medical use of saffron, the "golden spice", especially in digestive diseases. We summarized saffron influence on microbiome, molecular pathways, and inflammation in gastric, colon, liver cancers, and associated inflammations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Akbar Soleimani
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Gulshan Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Amr Amin
- Biology Department, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, UAE.
| | - Solmaz Tabtabaei
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition division, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University Medical Sciences, Tehran 14167-53955, Iran.
| | - Naimesh Solanki
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Marjorie C Gondré-Lewis
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghanbari-Niaki A, Saeidi A, Kolahdouzi S, Aliakbari-Baydokhty M, Ardeshiri S, Abderrahman A, Rhibi F, Malekian F, Zouhal H. Effect of Crocus Sativus Linnaeus (saffron) supplementations combined with circuit resistance training on total creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase MB levels in young untrained men. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
25
|
ALAYUNT ÖMERN, AKSOY LAÇINE, KARAFAKIOĞLU YASEMINS, SEVIMLI SEVCAN. Assessment of Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Safranal on CCI4-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 91:e20181235. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920181235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
26
|
Madan K, Nanda S. In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant, anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, anti-hyaluronidase activities of safranal and determination of its sun protection factor in skin photoaging. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:159-167. [PMID: 29353733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Safranal, a monoterpene aldehyde, is present as one of the main volatile constituents of Crocus sativus Linn. (saffron flowers). This volatile constituent not only contributes to the aroma of saffron but has been reported to possess antidiabetic, antiulcer, antiasthamatic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, cardioprotective, anticancer and UV protective properties. Most of these therapeutic actions are contributed by its potential to quench reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidant properties of phytoconstituents are now being explored for developing photoprotective skin formulations. These bioactives have the potential to protect the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin which mainly comprises of elastin and collagen. When UV rays penetrate the dermal layers, there is an increased production of elastase, collagenase and hyaluronidase leading to degradation of collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid respectively. These dermal components are responsible to provide strength, elasticity and moisture to the skin. Due to frequent exposure to sunlight, these conditions tend to augment leading to wrinkle formation and sagging of skin. Although antioxidant properties of safranal have been established on various cell lines but till date no studies have been reported regarding the dermal enzyme inhibition activities. In the current research work, a comprehensive in vitro evaluation of antioxidant, anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, anti-hyaluronidase activities of safranal along with determination of sun protection factor (SPF) was carried out. The in vitro antioxidant activity was carried out by diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and its IC50 value was found to be 22.7 μg/ml. The enzyme inhibition IC50 values of safranal for anti elastase activity were found to be 43.6 μg/ml, 70 μg/ml for antihyaluronidase activity and 9.4 μg/ml for anticollagenase activity. Photoprotective activity of safranal was determined by UV absorbance method and SPF calculated by Mansur equation which was found to be 6.6. The significant inhibitory activity of safranal on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) responsible for aging and a higher SPF established that this bioorganic molecule is a strong photoprotective agent. Its established free radical scavenging capability along with above characteristics make it a valuable component to be incorporated into herbal antiaging formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
| | - Sanju Nanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M. D. University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
José Bagur M, Alonso Salinas GL, Jiménez-Monreal AM, Chaouqi S, Llorens S, Martínez-Tomé M, Alonso GL. Saffron: An Old Medicinal Plant and a Potential Novel Functional Food. Molecules 2017; 23:E30. [PMID: 29295497 PMCID: PMC5943931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spice saffron is made from the dried stigmas of the plant Crocus sativus L. The main use of saffron is in cooking, due to its ability to impart colour, flavour and aroma to foods and beverages. However, from time immemorial it has also been considered a medicinal plant because it possesses therapeutic properties, as illustrated in paintings found on the island of Santorini, dated 1627 BC. It is included in Catalogues of Medicinal Plants and in the European Pharmacopoeias, being part of a great number of compounded formulas from the 16th to the 20th centuries. The medicinal and pharmaceutical uses of this plant largely disappeared with the advent of synthetic chemistry-produced drugs. However, in recent years there has been growing interest in demonstrating saffron's already known bioactivity, which is attributed to the main components-crocetin and its glycosidic esters, called crocins, and safranal-and to the synergy between the compounds present in the spice. The objective of this work was to provide an updated and critical review of the research on the therapeutic properties of saffron, including activity on the nervous and cardiovascular systems, in the liver, its antidepressant, anxiolytic and antineoplastic properties, as well as its potential use as a functional food or nutraceutical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María José Bagur
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.J.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Food Science, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence, Campus International de Excelencia Regional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, CIBERobn, ISCIII, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.J.-M.); (M.M.-T.)
| | | | - Antonia M. Jiménez-Monreal
- Department of Food Science, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence, Campus International de Excelencia Regional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, CIBERobn, ISCIII, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.J.-M.); (M.M.-T.)
| | - Soukaina Chaouqi
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.J.B.); (S.C.)
- Laboratory of Materials, Environment and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofaïl University, P.O. Box 242, 14000 Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Silvia Llorens
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Magdalena Martínez-Tomé
- Department of Food Science, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence, Campus International de Excelencia Regional “Campus Mare Nostrum”, CIBERobn, ISCIII, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.M.J.-M.); (M.M.-T.)
| | - Gonzalo L. Alonso
- Cátedra de Química Agrícola, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 02071 Albacete, Spain; (M.J.B.); (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Doumouchtsis EK, Tzani A, Doulamis IP, Konstantopoulos P, Laskarina-Maria K, Agrogiannis G, Agapitos E, Moschos MM, Kostakis A, Perrea DN. Effect of Saffron on Metabolic Profile and Retina in Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Diet Suppl 2017; 15:471-481. [PMID: 28937827 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1356417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Saffron is a spice that has been traditionally used as a regimen for a variety of diseases due to its potent antioxidant attributes. It is well documented that impaired systemic oxidative status is firmly associated with diverse adverse effects including retinal damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of saffron administration against the retinal damage in apoE -/- mice fed a high-fat diet, since they constitute a designated experimental model susceptible to oxidative stress. Twenty-one mice were allocated into three groups: Group A (control, n = 7 c57bl/6 mice) received standard chow diet; Group B (high-fat, n = 7 apoE -/- mice) received a high-fat diet; and Group C (high-fat and saffron, n = 7 apoE -/- mice) received a high-fat diet and saffron (25 mg/kg/d) through their drinking water. The duration of the study was 20 weeks. Lipidemic profile, glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), and total oxidative capacity (PerOX) were measured in blood serum. Histological analysis of retina was also conducted. Administration of saffron resulted in enhanced glycemic control and preservation of retinal thickness when compared with apoE -/- mice fed a high-fat diet. The outcomes of the study suggest the potential protective role of saffron against retinal damage induced by oxidative stress. Nevertheless, verification of these results in humans is required before any definite conclusions can be drawn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos K Doumouchtsis
- a Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Aspasia Tzani
- a Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Ilias P Doulamis
- a Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Panagiotis Konstantopoulos
- a Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Korou Laskarina-Maria
- a Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Georgios Agrogiannis
- b Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Pathology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Emmanouil Agapitos
- b Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Pathology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Marilita M Moschos
- c Faculty of Medicine, University Eye Clinic, General Hospital of Athens "G. Gennimatas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- a Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Despina N Perrea
- a Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas," National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Samarghandian S, Samini F, Azimi-Nezhad M, Farkhondeh T. Anti-oxidative effects of safranal on immobilization-induced oxidative damage in rat brain. Neurosci Lett 2017; 659:26-32. [PMID: 28866053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Safranal, a major constituent of saffron, possesses antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties showing considerable neuroprotective effects. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of safranal against restraint stress induced oxidative damage in the rat brain. For inducing the chronic restraint stress, rats were kept in the restrainers for 1h every day, for 21 consecutive days, then, the animals received systemic administrations of vehicle (0.1% DMSO) acted as the control group or safranal daily for 21days. Results indicated that the rats submitted to restraint stress showed an increase in the immobility time versus the non-stress rats. In addition, stress decreased number of crossing in the rats submitted to restraint stress versus the non-stress animals. Treatment with safranal (0.75mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in the immobility time compared to the non-treated stress group, while, the treatment improved the number of crossing in rats submitted to restraint stress versus the vehicle-treated stress rats. In the stressed animals that received vehicle, the MDA level was significantly higher and the levels of GSH and antioxidant enzymes were significantly lower than the non-stressed rats. Safranal ameliorated the changes in the stressed animals as compared with the control groups. The present findings indicate that safranal might be effective against depressant-like effects induced by chronic stress via modulating brain oxidative response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Department of Neurosyrgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Fariborz Samini
- Department of Neurosyrgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Department of Neurosyrgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Neurosyrgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Innovative Medical Research Center, Department of Immunology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pattamayutanon P, Angeli S, Thakeow P, Abraham J, Disayathanoowat T, Chantawannakul P. Volatile organic compounds of Thai honeys produced from several floral sources by different honey bee species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172099. [PMID: 28192487 PMCID: PMC5305196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of four monofloral and one multifloral of Thai honeys produced by Apis cerana, Apis dorsata and Apis mellifera were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The floral sources were longan, sunflower, coffee, wild flowers (wild) and lychee. Honey originating from longan had more VOCs than all other floral sources. Sunflower honey had the least numbers of VOCs. cis-Linalool oxide, trans-linalool oxide, ho-trienol, and furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde were present in all the honeys studied, independent of their floral origin. Interestingly, 2-phenylacetaldehyde was detected in all honey sample except longan honey produced by A. cerana. Thirty-two VOCs were identified as possible floral markers. After validating differences in honey volatiles from different floral sources and honeybee species, the results suggest that differences in quality and quantity of honey volatiles are influenced by both floral source and honeybee species. The group of honey volatiles detected from A. cerana was completely different from those of A. mellifera and A. dorsata. VOCs could therefore be applied as chemical markers of honeys and may reflect preferences of shared floral sources amongst different honeybee species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Angeli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Prodpran Thakeow
- Division of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - John Abraham
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Terd Disayathanoowat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Panuwan Chantawannakul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Samarghandian S, Azimi-Nezhad M, Farkhondeh T. Crocin attenuate Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat aorta. Cytokine 2016; 88:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
32
|
Mashmoul M, Azlan A, Mohtarrudin N, Mohd Yusof BN, Khaza’ai H, Khoo HE, Farzadnia M, Boroushaki MT. Protective effects of saffron extract and crocin supplementation on fatty liver tissue of high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:401. [PMID: 27770798 PMCID: PMC5075149 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Saffron is the dried stigma of Crocus sativus L. flower which commonly used as a natural remedy to enhance health and even fights disease in the Middle-East and Southeast Asian countries. Methods This study was aimed to investigate protective effect of saffron extract and crocin in fatty liver tissue of high-fat diet induced obese rats. A total of 36 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups. Two groups served as controls, a normal diet (ND) and a high-fat diet (HFD). The other four groups were each supplemented with saffron extract and crocin at concentrations of 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight/day for 8 weeks. All groups except ND were fed with HFD until end of the study. At baseline, blood sample was collected for determination of levels of hepatic marker enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatise and albumin. Liver sample was collected, weighed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin for further histopathological examination. Results Saffron extract and crocin at concentrations of 40 and 80 mg/kg had dose-dependently alleviated levels of liver enzymes and histopathological changes in diet-induced obese rat model compared to control (HFD group). Conclusion This study suggested that saffron extract and crocin supplements have hepatoprotective effect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and HFD-induced liver damage.
Collapse
|
33
|
Investigation of the effect of safranal and crocin pre-treatment on hepatic injury induced by infrarenal aortic occlusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:160-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
34
|
Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of saffron aqueous extract (Crocus sativus L.) on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Indian Heart J 2016; 69:151-159. [PMID: 28460761 PMCID: PMC5414951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Crocus sativus L. (saffron) has many biological effects such as antioxidant property. The present study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of the aqueous saffron extract on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods In this study, the rats were divided into the following groups of 9 animals each: control, untreated diabetic, three saffron extract-treated diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by STZ in rats. Saffron was administered 3 days after STZ administration; these injections were continued to the end of the study (4 weeks). At the end of the 4-week period, blood was drawn for biochemical assays and the abdominal aorta was removed for detecting the inflammatory cytokines expression. Results We found that saffron decreased blood glucose, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol levels significantly (p < 0.01) and increased glutathione level, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities in the saffron-treated diabetic groups compared with the untreated groups, in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001). On the other hand, saffron-treated diabetic rats inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the abdominal aorta versus the untreated diabetic rats. Conclusion Our results validate the use of saffron as a treatment against diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications.
Collapse
|
35
|
Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. The hepatoprotective effects of curcumin against drugs and toxic agents: an updated review. TOXIN REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2016.1215333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
36
|
Samarghandian S, Azimi-Nezhad M, Borji A, Farkhondeh T. Effect of crocin on aged rat kidney through inhibition of oxidative stress and proinflammatory state. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1345-53. [PMID: 27279282 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether crocin, a bioactive component of saffron, has a protective effect on kidney through reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in aged rats. In this study the changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) levels and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum and renal tissue were evaluated by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. The middle and aged rats were given intraperitoneal injections of crocin (10, 20, 30 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, animals were anesthetized with diethyl ether. The kidney samples were taken for biochemical analysis. The results revealed the aging was associated with a significant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and GSH content with increase in lipid peroxidation level in kidney of the aged rats (p < 0.001). The increased levels of serum renal functional parameter, oxidative parameters (p < 0.01) and also pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly reduced by crocin administration (p < 0.05). The aged rats exhibited a dysregulation of the oxidative stress, and inflammation in the kidneys, but crocin treatment significantly reduced the expression of the inflammatory genes. These results provide pivotal documentation that crocin has a renoprotective effects against the development of oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidney of old rats. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Department of Basic Medical sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abasalt Borji
- Department of Basic Medical sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Immunogenetics, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Saio V, Syiem D, Sharma R, Dkhar J. Amelioration of age-dependent increase in oxidative stress markers in male mice by extract of Potentilla fulgens. Redox Rep 2016; 21:130-8. [PMID: 25856159 PMCID: PMC6837390 DOI: 10.1179/1351000215y.0000000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Potentilla fulgens extract on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in male mice as a function of age. METHODS Eighteen-month-old Swiss albino male mice were administered the dichloromethane-methanol extract of P. fulgens (250 mg/kg b.w.) on alternate days via intraperitoneal route for a period of 14 days. Lipid peroxidation and activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) in liver and kidney were measured and serum oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was estimated. Phytochemical analysis of P. fulgens extract using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was carried out with gallic acid, quercetin, catechin, and epicatechin as markers. RESULTS Significant increase in level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), decreased GPx1, and CAT activities as well as reduction in ORAC were observed in 18-month-old mice as compared to that of 2-month-old mice. Treatment with P. fulgens extract significantly lowered TBARS level, ameliorated CAT, and GPx1 activities in liver and kidney and improved serum ORAC in aging mice. HPTLC studies revealed well resolved bands of P. fulgens extract containing epicatechin and catechin. DISCUSSION This study showed that P. fulgens is a potent antioxidative agent, which can emerge as a promising candidate in alleviating the age-associated oxidative stress and related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valrielyn Saio
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Donkupar Syiem
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Jameris Dkhar
- Department of Biochemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Protective Effects of Salidroside on Mitochondrial Functions against Exertional Heat Stroke-Induced Organ Damage in the Rat. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:504567. [PMID: 26664452 PMCID: PMC4667077 DOI: 10.1155/2015/504567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exertional heat stroke (EHS) results in a constellation of systemic inflammatory responses resulting in multiorgan failure and an extremely high mortality. The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of salidroside on EHS by improving mitochondrial functions in the rat model. Liver and heart mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was detected by a fluorescent probe. Intramitochondrial free Ca2+ concentration, mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity were detected by the corresponding kits. RT-PCR was performed to estimate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and manganese form of SOD (MnSOD) mRNA expression. The results demonstrated that salidroside was able to relieve EHS damage by reducing the swelling of mitochondria, ROS levels, and MDA activity, as well as increasing ΔΨm, RCR, free Ca2+ concentration, SOD, PGC-1α, and MnSOD mRNA levels. In conclusion, salidroside has protective effects on mitochondrial functions against exertional heat stroke-induced organ damage in the rat.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang H, Davies KJA, Forman HJ. Oxidative stress response and Nrf2 signaling in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:314-336. [PMID: 26066302 PMCID: PMC4628850 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing oxidative stress, a major characteristic of aging, has been implicated in a variety of age-related pathologies. In aging, oxidant production from several sources is increased, whereas antioxidant enzymes, the primary lines of defense, are decreased. Repair systems, including the proteasomal degradation of damaged proteins, also decline. Importantly, the adaptive response to oxidative stress declines with aging. Nrf2/EpRE signaling regulates the basal and inducible expression of many antioxidant enzymes and the proteasome. Nrf2/EpRE activity is regulated at several levels, including transcription, posttranslation, and interactions with other proteins. This review summarizes current studies on age-related impairment of Nrf2/EpRE function and discusses the changes in Nrf2 regulatory mechanisms with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; School of Natural Science, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95344, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fernández-Sánchez L, Lax P, Noailles A, Angulo A, Maneu V, Cuenca N. Natural Compounds from Saffron and Bear Bile Prevent Vision Loss and Retinal Degeneration. Molecules 2015; 20:13875-93. [PMID: 26263962 PMCID: PMC6332441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200813875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All retinal disorders, regardless of their aetiology, involve the activation of oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways. The administration of neuroprotective factors is crucial in all phases of the pathology, even when vision has been completely lost. The retina is one of the most susceptible tissues to reactive oxygen species damage. On the other hand, proper development and functioning of the retina requires a precise balance between the processes of proliferation, differentiation and programmed cell death. The life-or-death decision seems to be the result of a complex balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic signals. It has been recently shown the efficacy of natural products to slow retinal degenerative process through different pathways. In this review, we assess the neuroprotective effect of two compounds used in the ancient pharmacopoeia. On one hand, it has been demonstrated that administration of the saffron constituent safranal to P23H rats, an animal model of retinitis pigmentosa, preserves photoreceptor morphology and number, the capillary network and the visual response. On the other hand, it has been shown that systemic administration of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), the major component of bear bile, to P23H rats preserves cone and rod structure and function, together with their contact with postsynaptic neurons. The neuroprotective effects of safranal and TUDCA make these compounds potentially useful for therapeutic applications in retinal degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Departament of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Pedro Lax
- Departament of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Agustina Noailles
- Departament of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Antonia Angulo
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Departament of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Thiab NR, King N, Jones GL. Effect of ageing and oxidative stress on antioxidant enzyme activity in different regions of the rat kidney. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 408:253-60. [PMID: 26169983 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in ageing and the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. We examined levels of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as modulated by age and oxidative stress in different regions of the kidney. Antioxidant enzymes were examined in different regions of the kidney in male Wistar rats. Kidneys from rats of different ages (5, 12, 36 and 60 weeks) were dissected into cortex, outer medulla and inner medulla. Tissues were incubated for 30 min with or without 0.2 mM H2O2 to induce oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities progressively decreased with age under both control and stress conditions (P < 0.05) after peaking at 12 weeks. Antioxidant enzyme activities were greater in the cortex (P < 0.05) by comparison with the outer and inner medulla, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Riyadh Thiab
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Nicola King
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Graham L Jones
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mardani H, Sekine T, Azizi M, Mishyna M, Fujii Y. Identification of Safranal as the Main Allelochemical from Saffron ( Crocus sativus). Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dried parts of 75 medicinal plant species collected from different regions in Iran were assayed by the Dish Pack Method for volatile allelopathic activity, using Lactuca sativa (lettuce) as the test plant. The highest (60%) inhibition was observed for saffron (stigma of Crocus sativus), followed by Dracocephalum kotschyi, Solanum nigrum and Artemisia aucheri. Safranal was identified as the main chemical by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) analyses of saffron. Moreover, the EC50 of safranal was evaluated as 1.2 μg/L (ppb). This is the first report on allelopathic activity of safranal as a bioactive compound identified from saffron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mardani
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 183-8509 Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 9177948974 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Takayuki Sekine
- Miyagi Prefectural Agriculture and Horticulture Research Center, 981-1243 Miyagi, Japan
| | - Majid Azizi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 9177948974 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryia Mishyna
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 183-8509 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Fujii
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 183-8509 Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Samarghandian S, Azimi-Nezhad M, Afshari R, Farkhondeh T, Karimnezhad F. Effects of Buprenorphine on Balance of Oxidant/Antioxidant System in the Different Ages of Male Rat Liver. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 29:249-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences; Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences; Neyshabur Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Reza Afshari
- Addiction Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Addiction Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karimnezhad
- Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen F, Su Y, Zhang F, Guo Y. Low-temperature headspace-trap gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the determination of trace volatile compounds from the fruit ofLycium barbarumL. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:670-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangjiao Chen
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Yue Su
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Fang Zhang
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Suyavaran A, Ramamurthy C, Mareeswaran R, Subastri A, Lokeswara Rao P, Thirunavukkarasu C. TNF-α suppression by glutathione preconditioning attenuates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in young and aged rats. Inflamm Res 2014; 64:71-81. [PMID: 25420731 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (I/R) stimulates Kupffer cells and initiates injury through tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) upregulation. Aim of this study was to compare the variable effects of reduced glutathione (GSH) pre-treatment on I/R liver injury in young and aged rats. METHODS Wistar male rats were sorted into young (groups I-III) and aged (groups IV-VI). All groups except sham (groups I and IV) were subjected to 90-min ischemia and 2-h reperfusion. The treatment groups received 200 mg/kg bwt (groups III and VI) of GSH, 30 min prior to I/R. Variable effects of GSH were studied by transaminase activities, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), GSH level, GSH/oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio, TNF-α level, apoptotic markers and confirmed by histopathological observations. RESULTS Our findings revealed that I/R inflicted more liver damage in aged rats than young rats. The GSH treatment prior to surgery significantly lowered the serum transaminase activities, hepatic TBARS level and effectively restored the GSH/GSSG ratio in both young and aged rats more remarkably in the mitochondria. Western analysis depicted that the GSH treatment effectively suppressed TNF-α expression and apoptotic markers in both young and aged rats. These findings were further confirmed by terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay and histopathological observations of liver sections of young and aged rats. CONCLUSION Restoration of GSH/GSSG ratio through GSH pre-conditioning inhibits TNF-α and apoptosis in hepatic I/R injury. Hence, GSH pre-conditioning may be utilized in both young and aged individuals during liver transplantation/surgery for better post-operative outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Suyavaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lopresti AL, Drummond PD. Saffron (Crocus sativus) for depression: a systematic review of clinical studies and examination of underlying antidepressant mechanisms of action. Hum Psychopharmacol 2014; 29:517-27. [PMID: 25384672 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saffron, a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, has now undergone several trials examining its antidepressant effects and, in a recent meta-analysis, was confirmed to be effective for the treatment of major depression. OBJECTIVE To provide an expanded systematic analysis of the completed clinical studies on saffron and depression, detailing dosages, extract sources, standardisations, safety profile and treatment duration; and, through a narrative review, to examine its potential antidepressant mechanisms of action. DESIGN In the systematic review of clinical trials, electronic databases were searched for high-quality, randomised, double-blind studies, with placebo or antidepressant controls. A narrative review of in vivo and in vitro studies was conducted to examine its potential antidepressant mechanisms of action. RESULTS In the systematic review, six studies were identified. In the placebo-comparison trials, saffron had large treatment effects and, when compared with antidepressant medications, had similar antidepressant efficacy. Saffron's antidepressant effects potentially are due to its serotonergic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuro-endocrine and neuroprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS Research conducted so far provides initial support for the use of saffron for the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression. Further research is required to expand our understanding of the role and actions of saffron in major depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Lopresti
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Samarghandian S, Azimi-Nezhad M, Samini F. Preventive effect of safranal against oxidative damage in aged male rat brain. Exp Anim 2014; 64:65-71. [PMID: 25312506 PMCID: PMC4329517 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its elimination by antioxidant defense system in the body has been implicated for causes of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. This study was design to assess the changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase), lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the brain of 2, 10 and 20 month old rats, and to determine the effect of safranal on the status of selected oxidative stress indices in the 10 and 20 month old rats. The aged rats (10 and 20 months) were given intraperitoneal injections of safranal (0.5 mg/kg day) daily for one month. The results of this study demonstrated that aging caused significant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation as well decrease in the GSH level and activities of SOD and GST in the brain of aging rats. The results of this study showed that safranal ameliorated the increased lipid peroxidation level as well as decreased GSH content of the brain of 10 and 20 month old rats. In addition, safranal treatment to the 20 month old rats, which restored the SOD and GST activities. In conclusion, safranal can be effective to protect susceptible aged brain from oxidative damage by increasing antioxidant defenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Park JH, Chung HY, Kim M, Lee JH, Jung M, Ha H. Daumone fed late in life improves survival and reduces hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in mice. Aging Cell 2014; 13:709-18. [PMID: 24796965 PMCID: PMC4326938 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is one of the most susceptible organs to aging, and hepatic inflammation and fibrosis increase with age. Chronic inflammation has been proposed as the major molecular mechanism underlying aging and age-related diseases, whereas calorie restriction has been shown to be the most effective in extending mammalian lifespan and to have anti-aging effects through its anti-inflammatory action. Thus, it is necessary to develop effective calorie restriction mimetics. Daumone [(2)-(6R)-(3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)heptanoic acid], a pheromone secreted by Caenorhabditis elegans, forces them to enter the dauer stage when facing inadequate conditions. Because Caenorhabditis elegans live longer during the dauer stage under energy deprivation, it was hypothesized that daumone may improve survival in mammals by mimicking calorie restriction. Daumone (2 mg kg(-1) day(-1) ) was administered orally for 5 months to 24-month-old male C57BL/6J mice. Daumone was found to reduce the risk of death by 48% compared with age-matched control mice, and the increased plasma insulin normally presented in old mice was significantly reduced by daumone. The increased hepatic hypertrophy, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, insulin resistance, lipid accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in old mice were significantly attenuated by daumone. From a mechanistic view, daumone reduced the phosphorylation of the IκBα and upregulation of Rela and Nfkbia mRNA in the livers of old mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of daumone was confirmed in lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury model. Oral administration of daumone improves survival in mice and delivers anti-aging effects to the aged liver by modulating chronic inflammation, indicating that daumone could be developed as an anti-aging compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Park
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Ewha Womans University Global Top 5 Research Program 52 Ewhayoedae‐gil, Seodaemun‐guSeoul Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Aging Tissue Bank Department of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Pusan National University 2 Busandaehak‐ro 63beon‐gil, Geumjeong‐guBusan Korea
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University 50 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Ewha Womans University Global Top 5 Research Program 52 Ewhayoedae‐gil, Seodaemun‐guSeoul Korea
| | - Mankil Jung
- Department of Chemistry Yonsei University 50 Yonsei‐ro, Seodaemun‐gu Seoul Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Ewha Womans University Global Top 5 Research Program 52 Ewhayoedae‐gil, Seodaemun‐guSeoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Evaluation of lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid oxidative stress indices for assessing the preventing effects of safranal on respiratory distress in diabetic rats. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:251378. [PMID: 24701146 PMCID: PMC3950999 DOI: 10.1155/2014/251378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of antioxidant activity of safranal, a constituent of Crocus sativus L., against lung oxidative damage in diabetic rats. The rats were divided into the following groups of 8 animals each: control, diabetic, and three diabetic + safranal-treated (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mg/kg/day) groups. Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a single dose of 60 mg/kg for diabetes induction. Safranal was administered (i.p.) from 3 days after STZ administration to the end of the study. At the end of the 4-week period, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue. Safranal in the diabetic groups inhibited the level of MDA and NO in BALF supernatant and lung homogenate. The median effective dose (ED50) values were 0.42, 0.58, and 0.48, 0.71 mg/kg, respectively. Safranal in the diabetic groups increased the level of GSH and the activity of CAT and SOD in BALF supernatant and lung homogenate. The ED50 values were 0.25, 0.33, 0.26 in BALF and 0.33, 0.35, 0.46 mg/kg in lung, respectively. Thus, safranal may be effective to prevent lung distress by amelioration oxidative damage in STZ diabetic rats.
Collapse
|
50
|
Samini F, Samarghandian S, Borji A, Mohammadi G, bakaian M. Curcumin pretreatment attenuates brain lesion size and improves neurological function following traumatic brain injury in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 110:238-44. [PMID: 23932920 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Turmeric has been in use since ancient times as a condiment and due to its medicinal properties. Curcumin, the yellow coloring principle in turmeric, is a polyphenolic and a major active constituent. Besides anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic and anti-carcinogenic activities, curcumin also possesses strong antioxidant property. The neuroprotective effects of curcumin were evaluated in a weight drop model of cortical contusion trauma in rat. Male Wistar rats (350-400 g, n=9) were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (60 mg/kg i.p.) and subjected to head injury. Five days before injury, animals randomly received an i.p. bolus of either curcumin (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, n=9) or vehicle (n=9). Two weeks after the injury and drug treatment, animals were sacrificed and a series of brain sections, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were evaluated for quantitative brain lesion volume. Two weeks after the injury, oxidative stress parameter (malondialdehyde) was also measured in the brain. Curcumin (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the size of brain injury-induced lesions (P<0.05). Neurological examinations (rotarod and inclined-plane tests) were performed on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 post-brain injury. Control injured rats had a significant neurological deficit during 2 weeks (P<0.001). The injury increased brain levels of the malondialdehyde by 35.6% and these increases were attenuated by curcumin (100 mg/kg). Curcumin treatment significantly improved the neurological status evaluated during 2 weeks after brain injury. The study demonstrates the protective efficacy of curcumin in rat traumatic brain injury model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Samini
- Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|