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Iovoli F, Hall M, Nenadic I, Straube B, Alexander N, Jamalabadi H, Jansen A, Stein F, Brosch K, Thomas-Odenthal F, Usemann P, Teutenberg L, Wroblewski A, Pfarr J, Thiel K, Flinkenflügel K, Meinert S, Grotegerd D, Hahn T, Goltermann J, Gruber M, Repple J, Enneking V, Winter A, Dannlowski U, Kircher T, Rubel JA. Exploring the complex interrelation between depressive symptoms, risk, and protective factors: A comprehensive network approach. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:12-21. [PMID: 38548192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms seem to be interrelated in a complex and self-reinforcing way. To gain a better understanding of this complexity, the inclusion of theoretically relevant constructs (such as risk and protective factors) offers a comprehensive view into the complex mechanisms underlying depression. METHODS Cross-sectional data from individuals diagnosed with a major depressive disorder (N = 986) and healthy controls (N = 1049) were analyzed. Participants self-reported their depressive symptoms, as well as several risk factors and protective factors. Regularized partial correlation networks were estimated for each group and compared using a network comparison test. RESULTS Symptoms of depression were more strongly connected in the network of depressed patients than in healthy controls. Among the risk factors, perceived stress, the experience of negative life events, emotional neglect, and emotional abuse were the most centrally embedded in both networks. However, the centrality of risk factors did not significantly differ between the two groups. Among the protective factors, social support, personal competence, and acceptance were the most central in both networks, where the latter was significantly more strongly associated with the symptom of self-hate in depressed patients. CONCLUSION The network analysis revealed that key symptoms of depression were more strongly connected for depressed patients than for healthy controls, and that risk and protective factors play an important role, particularly perceived stress in both groups and an accepting attitude for depressed patients. However, the purpose of this study is hypothesis generating and assisting in the potential selection of non-symptom nodes for future research.
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Cengiz S, Peker A. Depression and life satisfaction after Kahramanmaraş earthquakes: The serial mediation roles of life meaning and coping with earthquake stress. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241229554. [PMID: 38321711 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241229554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the meaning of life, and the mediating effect of strategies for coping with earthquake stress in the relationship between depression, and life satisfaction in survivors of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş centered earthquakes. The participants of this study were 472 adults (31.1% male, 68.9% female; Mage = 24.52) who were affected by earthquakes. The data of the study were tested with the bootstrapping-based PROCESS macro program (Model-81). The results showed that depression negatively predicted life satisfaction. Meaning of life mediated the relationship between depression and life satisfaction. However, problem solving and cognitive avoidance coping strategies reduced the effects of depression and the meaning of life on life satisfaction. These results can be a resource for mental health services for earthquake victims. At the same time, the study provides evidence that protecting personal resources in disaster situations positively affects life satisfaction in terms of conservation of resources theory (COR).
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Kuroda Y. Interpersonal stress generation among young adolescents: vulnerable and resilient interpersonal behaviors and the generation of negative and positive interpersonal events. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1246927. [PMID: 38023014 PMCID: PMC10664565 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1246927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Theoretical and empirical studies on stress generation suggest four event generation processes: (1) vulnerability factors predict more negative interpersonal events; (2) vulnerability factors predict fewer positive interpersonal events; (3) resiliency factors predict fewer negative interpersonal events; and (4) resiliency factors predict more positive interpersonal events. However, few studies have examined these four processes simultaneously within a single analytic model. Therefore, it is unclear whether vulnerability and resiliency factors make unique and differential contributions to the occurrences of negative and positive interpersonal events. General objectives This study aimed to fill this important gap by examining whether social withdrawal and excessive reassurance-seeking (vulnerable interpersonal behaviors) and prosocial behaviors (a resilient interpersonal behavior) uniquely and differentially predict the occurrences of negative and positive peer events among young adolescents. This study also examined the sex differences in these relationships. Methods One hundred and ninety-eight students (109 girls) were recruited from a public middle school in Japan. A multiple-group path analysis was conducted to examine possible sex differences. Results Social withdrawal uniquely predicted more negative peer events for boys and fewer positive peer events for boys and girls. Excessive reassurance-seeking uniquely predicted both more negative peer events and more positive peer events for boys and girls. Prosocial behavior uniquely predicted more positive peer events for boys and girls. Conclusion This study underscores the unique and differential roles of vulnerable and resilient interpersonal behaviors in predicting negative and positive peer events among young adolescents. These findings not only advance our understanding of stress generation processes but also have broader implications for adolescent development and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kuroda
- Center for Arts and Sciences, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan
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Seidel-Koulaxis LJ, Daniels JK, Ostafin BD. Psychosocial predictors of distress in East and West Germans during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Health 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37861064 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2265929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological (meaning in life, science attitude, internal locus of control, religiosity), and social factors (social support, cohesion) can counteract stressor-related distress. We investigated these factors' links with peri-pandemic distress (depression, anxiety, intrusions) and whether they weakened the impact of being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared prior East and West Germans on predictors and distress to investigate if their different backgrounds created lasting differences. METHODS A population-representative German sample aged 45 to 70 (N = 380) in terms of age, sex, and school education completed online questionnaires in May-July 2020 and June-July 2021. We examined the predictive relations with correlation, forward inclusion regression, and moderation analyses. RESULTS Social support predicted lower distress, also prospectively. Meaning in life predicted lower distress cross-sectionally. Religiosity predicted greater distress. Life meaning and social support partly weakened the link between being affected by the pandemic and distress, religiosity and science attitude strengthened this link. The only significant East/West difference was in religiosity, which was higher in the West. CONCLUSION Social resources appeared particularly important in adjusting to the pandemic. The identified predictors may inform interventions. East and West Germans' similarity might indicate that their post-war separation did not create lasting differences in the investigated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Jasmin Seidel-Koulaxis
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith K Daniels
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brian D Ostafin
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Hielscher E, Blake J, Chang I, Crandon T, McGrath M, Scott JG. Sense of purpose interventions for depression and anxiety in youth: A scoping review and cross-cultural youth consultation. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:887-932. [PMID: 37315589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of sense of purpose (SOP) interventions in preventing or reducing anxiety or depression in youth aged 14-24 years. METHODS A systematic search was conducted of the academic (PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE) and grey literature. We also consulted two SOP experts and an Australian and Indian youth advisory group with lived experience of anxiety and/or depression. Consultations focused on the feasibility and acceptability of reviewed interventions. RESULTS The search identified 25 studies reporting on 4408 participants from six countries (64.0 % of studies in the US). Multi-component interventions targeting several SOP components (i.e., value clarification, goal setting, gratitude enhancement) reported, on average, moderate reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms in youth. Interventions were generally more effective at reducing depression than anxiety symptoms. In terms of sub-populations or groups, there was some evidence for greater intervention effectiveness among youth with prior therapy experience, extraverted personalities, and those with already elevated anxiety/depression symptoms. Youth advisors and experts opined that group interventions were most acceptable to young people. LIMITATIONS This review was limited to a recent 10-year timeframe and publications in English, potentially excluding relevant studies published prior to 2011 or in other languages. CONCLUSIONS Fostering SOP can lead to better psychological wellbeing in youth. Potential harms resulting from interventions can occur without adequate consideration for a person's readiness for purpose discovery, environmental barriers, and familial and cultural settings. Further research in more diverse populations is required to determine who benefits and in what contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hielscher
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Flourish Australia, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Julie Blake
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Ivan Chang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tara Crandon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martina McGrath
- Centre for Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James G Scott
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (QCMHR), The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia; Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland South Brisbane, Qld Australia; Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Hospital Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Xue L, Yan Y, Fan H, Zhang L, Wang S, Chen L. Future self-continuity and depression among college students: The role of presence of meaning and perceived social support. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1463-1477. [PMID: 37455393 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Future self-continuity has been shown to have a protective effect against depression. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between future self-continuity and depression among college students, and to explore the mediating role of the presence of meaning and the moderating role of perceived social support. METHODS We conducted two studies in China in 2022 and 2023. Study 1 was a longitudinal cross-lagged study that examined the relationship between future self-continuity and depression among 173 participants (49.13% females, Mage = 19.39, SD = 1.63). Study 2 was a cross-sectional study that explored the mediating role of the presence of meaning and the moderating role of perceived social support among 426 participants (48.59% females, Mage = 19.30, SD = 1.60). RESULTS Study 1 showed that future self-continuity (T1) could significantly predict depression (T2), but depression (T1) could not predict future self-continuity (T2). Study 2 showed that after controlling for gender, the presence of meaning mediated the relationship between future self-continuity and depression, whereas perceived social support moderated the first half of the mediated model's pathway and the direct pathway. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that enhancing the future self-continuity of college students and increasing the level of presence of meaning are effective measures for alleviating depression. Meanwhile, educators and families are called upon to provide more social support to college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xue
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yan
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Fan
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Siyun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Wang X, Song C. The impact of gratitude interventions on patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1243598. [PMID: 37809310 PMCID: PMC10551131 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1243598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive psychological factors play a pivotal role in improving cardiovascular outcomes. Gratitude interventions are among the most effective positive psychological interventions, with potential clinical applications in cardiology practice. To better understand the potential clinical effects of gratitude interventions in cardiovascular disease, four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycArticles) were searched from 2005 to 2023 for relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials of gratitude interventions as the intervention and that reported physiological or psychosocial outcomes were eligible for inclusion. In total, 19 studies were identified, reporting results from 2951 participants from 19 to 71 years old from both healthy populations and those with clinical diagnoses. The studies showed that gratitude not only promotes mental health and adherence to healthy behaviors but also improves cardiovascular outcomes. Gratitude may have a positive impact on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk, especially asymptomatic heart failure, cardiovascular function, and autonomic nervous system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunli Song
- The Second Hospital affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Lasota A. Crisis Experience and Purpose in Life in Men and Women: The Mediating Effect of Gratitude and Fear of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6490. [PMID: 37569030 PMCID: PMC10418392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated whether gratitude and fear of COVID-19 mediated the relationship between crisis experience during the pandemic and purpose in life in men and women. METHODS Six hundred and five participants aged between 18 and 60 years (M = 25.6; SD = 8.39) completed the Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Scale-Short Form (GRAT-S), Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and Purpose in Life Test (PIL). In addition, the respondents were questioned about life crises during the previous six months (e.g., the death of a loved one or illness). RESULTS Men and women differed in their endorsement of gratitude or fear of COVID-19 as a mediator. Women's experiences of the crisis related both directly and indirectly to purpose in life, with gratitude and fear of COVID-19 mediating this relationship. In men, only the indirect path, from crisis experience, through gratitude, to purpose in life, turned out to be significant. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that coping styles differ in men and women and, as a consequence, that crisis interventions need to take gender into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lasota
- Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
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Baquero-Tomás M, Grau MD, Moliner AR, Sanchis-Sanchis A. Meaning in life as a protective factor against depression. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1180082. [PMID: 37529311 PMCID: PMC10389663 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1180082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to analyze the mediating role that meaning in life has between emotion dysregulation and depressive symptomatology in Spanish university students. Five hundred and sixty-six Spanish university students participated in the study. All of them completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Purpose in Life Test (PIL-10). A mediation model was performed to test the hypothesis that meaning in life mediates the effect of emotional dysregulation on depressive symptomatology in college students. The results show a positive, moderate, and statistically significant correlation between depression and emotional dysregulation. In addition, a negative, moderate, and statistically significant correlation was found between depression and meaning in life, and a negative, small, and statistically significant correlation between emotional dysregulation and meaning in life. Finally, the results of the mediation model evidence the role of meaning in life in different emotional dysregulation strategies and depressive symptomatology. These findings suggest the importance of incorporating the meaning in life variable in the development and implementation of prevention and treatment programs for psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Baquero-Tomás
- Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª Dolores Grau
- Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
- Campus Capacitas-UCV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adoración-Reyes Moliner
- Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Bitar Z, Rogoza R, Hallit S, Obeid S. Mindfulness among lebanese university students and its indirect effect between mental health and wellbeing. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:114. [PMID: 37055857 PMCID: PMC10100626 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students are a high-risk population for developing mental health issues. Mindfulness, the non-judgmental awareness of the present moment, has an effective role in numerous psychological contexts among students. However, no previous studies have investigated the association between mindfulness, mental health and wellbeing among Lebanese university students. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the mediating effect of mindfulness in the association between mental health and wellbeing in this population. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 363 Lebanese university students recruited through convenience sampling (July-September 2021). The Wellbeing Index Scale, Lebanese Anxiety Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire and Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory were used to assess subjective well-being, anxiety, depression and mindfulness respectively. RESULTS Our findings showed that higher mindfulness (Beta = 0.18; p < 0.001) was significantly correlated with a higher wellbeing, whereas more depression (Beta=-0.36; p < 0.001) was significantly associated with a lower wellbeing. The results of the indirect effect analysis showed that mindfulness mediated the association between anxiety and wellbeing and between depression and wellbeing. Higher anxiety/depression were significantly associated with lower mindfulness and a lower wellbeing (direct effect). Moreover, higher mindfulness was significantly associated with a higher wellbeing. CONCLUSION Mindfulness is associated with improved wellbeing and plays an indirect role between mental health issues and wellbeing. Our results suggest that mindfulness presents an adaptive approach and coping method associated with improved students' wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Bitar
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay university, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Radosław Rogoza
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland
- Social Innovation Chair, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon.
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11
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Remmers C, Zürn M, Anoschin A, Topolinski S, Zimmermann J. Intuition and meaning in life in persons with varying level of depressive symptoms and impairments in personality functioning. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:1398-1419. [PMID: 36693351 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current research explored the interplay between intuition, meaning in life, and psychopathology. Specifically, we investigated whether experiential and reflective components of meaning in life are associated with depressive symptoms and personality pathology, whether intuition is related to the experience of meaning, and whether psychopathology has disruptive effects on intuition as well as on the link between intuition and the experience of meaning. METHODS We tested our preregistered hypotheses in two independent studies. In Study 1, N = 448 participants completed self-report instruments assessing the experiential and the reflective dimensions of meaning in life, depressive symptoms, and impairments in personality functioning. Intuition was operationalized as the ability to intuitively detect semantic coherence in an experimental task. Additionally, self-reported confidence in intuition was assessed. In Study 2, we aimed to replicate our findings and hypotheses that emerged from Study 1 with a new sample of N = 1189 participants. RESULTS In both studies, participants with more depressive symptoms or higher levels of personality pathology experienced life as less meaningful but reflected significantly more about meaning in life. The intuitive ability to discriminate between coherence and incoherence in the experimental task was neither related to the experience of meaning in life nor to psychopathology, but more confidence in intuition was associated with experiencing life as more meaningful and with less psychopathological symptoms. It was tentatively supported that the association between meaning in life and intuition was moderated by psychopathology. CONCLUSION The findings are discussed in terms of their clinical implications and regarding the cognitive-affective processes potentially underlying people's experience of life being meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Remmers
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Michael Zürn
- Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albert Anoschin
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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Wu N, Mo J, Wen A, Ou H, Gu W, Qiu Y, Yuan L, Lan X. Longitudinal Relationship between Bullying Victimization and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Chinese Adolescents: The Buffering Roles of Gratitude and Parental Autonomy Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1440. [PMID: 36674195 PMCID: PMC9859190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on the resilience-oriented socioecological framework, the current study contributes to scarce scholarship by exploring intrapersonal (i.e., gratitude) and interpersonal (i.e., parental autonomy support) factors in the longitudinal association between bullying victimization and adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Participants were 238 Chinese adolescents (Mage at Time 1 (T1) = 13.45 years; 106 girls and 132 boys) based on a two-wave prospective design with data spanning one year. At T1, adolescents self-rated all study variables, and at Time 2 (T2), youth again reported their NSSI. The results showed a significant main effect (b = 0.12, SE = 0.05, p = 0.04), indicating that bullying victimization was positively related to T2 NSSI one year later, even controlling for T1 NSSI. Moderation analyses further indicated that parental autonomy support buffered against the positive association between bullying victimization and T2 NSSI, but only when adolescents experienced lower levels of gratitude. Specifically, for adolescents with lower levels of gratitude, high levels of parental autonomy support, in a compensatory way, prevented adolescents from NSSI after victimization occurred (b = -0.03, SE = 0.09, p = 0.78); by contrast, for those with higher levels of gratitude, bullying victimization was not significantly related to T2 NSSI, regardless of the levels of parental autonomy support (b = 0.07, SE = 0.04, p = 0.59 for higher parental autonomy support; b = 0.01, SE = 0.07, p = 0.93 for lower parental autonomy support). These findings suggest that gratitude and parental autonomy support, manifesting in a compensatory interaction pattern, could serve as targeted agents for breaking the vicious linkage between bullying victimization and NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nini Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Jianhong Mo
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anluan Wen
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Haoer Ou
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Weixin Gu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Lixin Yuan
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lan
- Promenta Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
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Kurian RM, Thomas S. Gratitude as a path to human prosperity during adverse circumstances: a narrative review. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2022.2154314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shinto Thomas
- Department of Psychology, CHRIST University, Bengaluru, India
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Ng WQ, Yang H. Investigating the Link Between IADL and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Serial Mediation Model. Clin Gerontol 2023; 46:844-859. [PMID: 36196029 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2130847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a dearth of research on the psychological processes that underlie the negative relation between impaired instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and depressive symptoms in older adults. Drawing on the stress process model and the resilience framework, we investigated whether purpose in life and resilience serially mediate the relationship between impaired IADL and depressive symptoms. METHODS We recruited 111 cognitively healthy community-dwelling older adults (ages 54-85; M = 66.5) who scored a minimum of 25 points on the Mini-Mental State Examination. RESULTS We found that purpose in life and resilience serially mediated the relationship between IADL and depressive symptomatology in older adults. This association held true when we controlled for covariates. Additional sensitivity analyses also supported these findings. CONCLUSIONS This study extends our understanding of how IADL limitations contribute to depressive symptoms. Using a community-dwelling, cognitively healthy sample, we demonstrate that functional limitations indirectly influence older adults' depressive symptoms through a decreased sense of purpose in life and decreased resilience. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Our findings have implications for intervention programs that aim to alleviate IADL limitations and mental health issues in an aging population and promote healthy aging by improving psychosocial resources (i.e., purpose in life and resilience).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Qin Ng
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore
| | - Hwajin Yang
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore
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15
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Borelli E, Bigi S, Potenza L, Gilioli F, Artioli F, Porzio G, Porro CA, Efficace F, Bruera E, Luppi M, Bandieri E. Gratitude among advanced cancer patients and their caregivers: The role of early palliative care. Front Oncol 2022; 12:991250. [PMID: 36353529 PMCID: PMC9639866 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.991250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A cancer diagnosis represents a unique trauma, given its life-threatening, multidimensional, and uncertain nature. Gratitude is a construct representing the emotional state that arises when individuals recognize that a benefit has been received as a result of someone else's action or a spiritual entity's intervention. Based on the positive psychological wellbeing, gratitude has been associated with improved health outcomes even in the disease setting. Thus, the models of care that foster gratitude should be adopted in the clinical context. This study aims to explore whether and how gratitude may originate in patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers undergoing early palliative care (EPC). METHODS We analyzed 251 reports from 133 patients and 118 caregivers describing their clinical experience in two EPC units. The sources of gratitude were identified and ranked based on their frequencies. Words expressing gratitude and words referring to communication and spirituality were collected by means of the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software and correlated. RESULTS In total, 123 (92.5%) of 133 patients' and 97 (82.2%) of 118 caregivers' reports, respectively, included explicit or implicit expressions of gratitude. Gratitude was associated specifically with successful physical symptom management, emotional support, improved attitude toward death, better information, humanity, and the familiar environment. The use of words of gratitude in patients' reports was positively correlated with the use of words referring to communication (r = .215, p = .026) and spirituality (r = .612, p <.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that interventions within the EPC model based on doctor-patient-caregiver communication may allow patients and caregivers to experience a feeling of gratitude, and this may represent a resource to be exploited to improve their physical and psychosocial wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Borelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sarah Bigi
- Department of Linguistic Sciences and Foreign Literatures, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Hematology Unit and Chair, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Gilioli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unitá Sanitaria Locale (USL), Modena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Artioli
- Oncology and Palliative Care Units, Civil Hospital Carpi, Unitá Sanitaria Locale (USL), Carpi, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Adolfo Porro
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Efficace
- Health Outcomes Research Unit, Italian Group for Adult Hematologic Diseases (GIMEMA), Rome, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mario Luppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Hematology Unit and Chair, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Bandieri
- Oncology and Palliative Care Units, Civil Hospital Carpi, Unitá Sanitaria Locale (USL), Carpi, Italy
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Zhang S, Tang Y, Yong S. The influence of gratitude on pre-service teachers’ career goal self-efficacy: Chained intermediary analysis of meaning in life and career calling. Front Psychol 2022; 13:843276. [PMID: 35967650 PMCID: PMC9367964 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.843276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to explore the relationship among gratitude, meaning in life (MIL), career calling, and career goal self-efficacy (CGSE) of the pre-service teachers in the Free Teacher Education program in China and the internal mechanism of action. Methods In this study, gratitude, MIL, career calling, and CGSE questionnaires were used to investigate 801 pre-service teachers. IBM SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used for data processing, and SPSS macro program Model 6 was used for the mediating mechanism. Results (1) Gratitude was positively correlated with MIL and career calling. MIL was positively correlated with career calling. Gratitude, MIL, and career calling were significantly and positively associated with CGSE. (2) Gratitude influences pre-service teachers’ CGSE mainly through the independent intermediary of MIL and career calling, and the chain intermediary of MIL→career calling, three indirect effects. Conclusion Gratitude indirectly predicts CGSE of pre-service teachers not only through the independent intermediary of MIL and career calling but also through the chain intermediary of MIL and career calling.
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Vilca LW, Cervigni M, Gallegos M, Martino P, Calandra M, Anacona CAR, López-Calle C, Moreta-Herrera R, Chacón-Andrade ER, Lobos-Rivera ME, del Carpio P, Quintero Y, Robles E, Lombardo MP, Recalde OG, Figares AB, White M, Videla CB, Carbajal-León C. Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the purpose in life test - Short form (PIL-SF) in seven Latin American countries. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-16. [PMID: 35915774 PMCID: PMC9331043 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to test the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the PIL-SF in a sample of people from seven Latin American countries. Additionally, the characteristics of the PIL-SF items were evaluated and to assess the relationship between purpose in life, as measured by the PIL-SF, and fear of COVID-19. A total of 4306 people from seven Latin American countries participated in the study. The results indicated that the PIL-SF is invariant in the seven participating countries and, therefore, there is evidence that the items reflect the purpose of life in the same way in all countries. This allows comparisons of purpose in life between countries that are free of bias, reflecting the true differences in how countries respond to items. From IRT, the discrimination parameters are adequate and indicate that the items cover a wide range of the purpose in life construct. The difficulty parameters are adequate and increase monotonically. This indicates that people would need a higher level of purpose in life to respond to the higher response categories. Thus, the PIL-SF items would be useful in determining people with a relatively high degree of purpose in life. Identifying people with different levels of purpose in life would allow them to be part of intervention programs, either to support those with low levels or to maintain and reinforce their purpose in life. The evidence of cross-country measurement invariance of the PIL-SF provides a measure to be used in cross-cultural studies about the meaning of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Av. Alfredo Mendiola 6062, Los Olivos, Lima Peru
| | - Lindsey W. Vilca
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Mauricio Cervigni
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cognición y Emoción, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina
- Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pablo Martino
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cognición y Emoción, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Manuel Calandra
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Cognición y Emoción, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Edgardo René Chacón-Andrade
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Marlon Elías Lobos-Rivera
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | | | - Erika Robles
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Michael White
- Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Educación, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Carmen Burgos Videla
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Educación, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
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Li L, Hang R, Qin L, Liu H, Liu H, Hu F, Huang L. Relationship between stress response and depression in vocational medical school students in the COVID-19 epidemic: A moderated mediation model. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 227:103617. [PMID: 35597135 PMCID: PMC9116141 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between stress response and depression in vocational medical school students at the initial stage of COVID-19 epidemic, and to explore the mediating role of meaning in life and the moderating role of prosocial behavior. The COVID-19 Stress Response Questionnaire, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire, the Prosocial Behavior Scale and the Depression Scale, were used to investigate 3526 vocational medical school students. The results showed that: (1) The relationship between stress response and depression in vocational medical school students was partially mediated by presence of meaning and search for meaning. Stress response has indirect effect on depression of vocational medical school students through meaning in life. (2) Prosocial behavior moderated the relationship between meaning in life and depression. Specifically, meaning in life has a more significant effect on depression for college students with higher levels of prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- School of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ronghua Hang
- School of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Li Qin
- School of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hairong Liu
- School of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Feng Hu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China.
| | - Long Huang
- School of Humanities and Management, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
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Lin Z. Emotion Regulation Strategies and Sense of Life Meaning: The Chain-Mediating Role of Gratitude and Subjective Wellbeing. Front Psychol 2022; 13:810591. [PMID: 35664148 PMCID: PMC9159759 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.810591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the mechanism of college students' meaning of life. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Gratitude Questionnaire Six-Item Form, the General Wellbeing Schedule, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire were used as measurement instruments. In total, 1,312 valid responses were obtained. The results showed that the cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression strategies were significantly positively and negatively correlated with gratitude, subjective wellbeing, and the sense of life meaning, respectively. Further, Emotion regulation strategies can affect college students' sense of life meaning through three paths: the mediating effect of gratitude; the mediating effect of subjective wellbeing; the chain mediating effect of gratitude and subjective wellbeing. This study illuminated the roles of gratitude, and subjective wellbeing in influencing the sense of life meaning among the Chinese college students. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Lin
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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20
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Huang Z, Zhang L, Wang J, Xu L, Wang T, Tang Y, Li Y, Guo M, Xiong Y, Wang W, Yang X, Yu Y, Lu H. Family function and life satisfaction of postgraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of meaning in life and depression. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09282. [PMID: 35464699 PMCID: PMC9013680 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have documented life satisfaction of people have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is unknown about the influential factors and mechanisms of life satisfaction of postgraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a strong link among life satisfaction and individual quality of life and achievement, so it is important to explore the influence mechanism of life satisfaction of postgraduate medical students and explore ways to improve life satisfaction for the development of postgraduate medical students. The current study was based on the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family System, The Theory of Family Functioning, The Meaning Maintenance Model, The Theory of Personal Meaning and Existential Theory to construct theoretical framework and examine whether meaning in life and depression would mediate the link between family function and postgraduate medical students’ life satisfaction. By convenient sampling method, a total of 900 postgraduate medical students (Mage = 27.01 years, SD = 3.33) completed questionnaires including Family APGAR Scale, Chinese Version of Meaning In Life Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Satisfaction With Life Scale. In this study, SPSS 25.0 was used for correlation analysis, regression analysis and common method bias test, and AMOS 23.0 was used for structural equation modeling analysis. The results showed that (a) family function could predict life satisfaction of postgraduate medical students significantly; (b) both meaning in life and depression mediated the association between family function and life satisfaction in a parallel manner; (c) meaning in life and depression sequentially mediated the link between family function and life satisfaction of postgraduate medical students. The study illuminates the role of meaning in life and depression in improving life satisfaction and implies that it is necessary to focus on the changes of life satisfaction of postgraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic, and medical educator can improve the sense of meaning in life of postgraduate medical students through improving their family function, further decreasing the risk of depression, finally improving their life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Lejun Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Nerve Electrophysiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yipin Xiong
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenying Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xialing Yang
- Graduate Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yifeng Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Heli Lu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Corresponding author.
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21
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Use of Spirituality in the Treatment of Depression: Systematic Literature Review. Psychiatr Q 2022; 93:255-269. [PMID: 35226252 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-020-09881-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Spirituality has been gaining recognition as a potential treatment modality. Our paper aimed to provide a systematic overview of existing research examining the use of spirituality as a treatment method for depression. All articles published between 2000 and 2018 that scientifically evaluated therapeutic interventions with elements of spirituality were included in the review. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Their analysis showed that there were elements of spirituality-based treatments that were repeatedly mentioned, including gratitude, forgiveness, self-acceptance, and compassion. Most often, spirituality was used together with psychotherapy. The review also noted the emergence of digital interventions.
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22
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Students’ Depression and School Burnout in the Context of Family Network Acceptance and Deviation from Balanced Time Perspective. EDUCATION SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/educsci12030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, a growing increase in depression and school burnout is being observed in students. The research aim is to test the mediating effect deviation from balanced time perspective, gender, and subjective sense of family network acceptance on the relationship between depression and school burnout. The sample consisted of 355 students (61.6% girls, 48.4% boys) from the third grade of high school in the south of Poland (mean age 18.5). The student school burnout scale for youth, Time Perspective Inventory, and Depression Scale for youth were used in the survey. Results showed significant relationships between the time perspective indicators, depression, and school burnout as well as a mediation effect of the past time perspective and the fatalistic present time perspective towards depression through school burnout. The findings confirmed that the focus of a person on immediate hedonistic goals becomes significant for the severity of depression only after accounting for the level of school burnout. Conclusions comprised the design of psychological interventions aimed at the group of young people experiencing depression and school burnout considering the time perspective development.
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Zhang B, Zhao L, Liu X, Bu Y, Ren Y. The Influence of Employee Emotion Fluctuation on Service Performance: An Experience Sampling Data Analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:648142. [PMID: 35264992 PMCID: PMC8898957 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.648142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the relationship between emotions and job performance is ubiquitous, yet few scholars have examined the combined effects of different emotions. Drawing on the broaden-and-build theory and conservation of resources (COR) theory, we propose that employees’ daily emotion fluctuations (positive emotions vs. negative emotions) will affect their service performance in opposite directions. Furthermore, we propose these effects will be moderated by psychological [i.e., regulatory emotional self-efficacy (RESE)] and physiological (i.e., sleep quality) characteristics of the employees. Based on the experience sampling method (ESM), data (N = 810) obtained from 187 frontline employees of 35 bank branches over 18 consecutive days supports our hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqian Zhang
- School of Business Administration, Faculty of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Regional Economics, West Center for Economic Research, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Business Administration, Research Institute of Economics and Management, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinwei Bu
- Chengdu Branch, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingwei Ren
- School of Business Administration, Faculty of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yingwei Ren,
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Zajenkowska A, Nowakowska I, Kaźmierczak I, Rajchert J, Bodecka-Zych M, Jakubowska A, Anderson JL, Sellbom M. The interplay between disinhibition and Present-Hedonistic time perspective in the relation between Borderline Personality Organization and depressive symptoms. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Boring BL, Maffly-Kipp J, Mathur VA, Hicks JA. Meaning in Life and Pain: The Differential Effects of Coherence, Purpose, and Mattering on Pain Severity, Frequency, and the Development of Chronic Pain. J Pain Res 2022; 15:299-314. [PMID: 35140515 PMCID: PMC8820455 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s338691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Meaning in life is consistently associated with better health outcomes across a range of mental and physical domains. However, meaning in life is a complex construct involving three distinct facets: coherence, purpose, and mattering. While these facets have been studied individually in relation to pain, they have not been assessed concurrently to parse out their potential distinct contributions to pain outcomes. We sought to identify the unique relationships of these individual facets of meaning with pain experiences and specify the components associated with pain-related resilience. Methods The associations of coherence, purpose, and mattering with pain outcomes were examined across three studies. Study 1 used data from the Midlife in the United States National Survey to determine associations between facets and the frequency of various recently experienced pains, and the development of chronic pain nine years later. Study 2 cross-sectionally observed the association between facets and recent pain severity in young adults. Using a diary-type approach, Study 3 captured fluctuations of pain severity in relation to the facets across the span of four weeks. Results Coherence was uniquely associated with less headache, backache, joint, and extremities pain frequency in Study 1, over and above purpose and mattering, controlling for other health variables. Coherence was also associated with lower odds of developing chronic pain. In Study 2, coherence was associated with less pain severity and fully mediated the relationship between global meaning in life and pain. Study 3 found that coherence predicted the most unique variance in weekly pain fluctuations. Conclusion Across three studies and timescales, coherence was uniquely associated with fewer and less severe pain experiences over and above purpose and mattering. These findings provide support for the value of coherence as a resilience factor in the context of pain and suggest a potential benefit for coherence-specific interventions in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Boring
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Correspondence: Brandon L Boring, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA, Email
| | - Joseph Maffly-Kipp
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Vani A Mathur
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Joshua A Hicks
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Czyżowska N, Gurba E. Enhancing Meaning in Life and Psychological Well-Being Among a European Cohort of Young Adults via a Gratitude Intervention. Front Psychol 2022; 12:751081. [PMID: 35058837 PMCID: PMC8763971 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.751081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Strengthening the sense of meaning in life and psychological well-being brings benefits for mental health. The group particularly vulnerable to mental problems are young adults, therefore the aim of our research was to explore how a gratitude intervention will affect the sense of meaning in life, psychological well-being, general health and perceived stress among them. The research also took into account the issue of expressing gratitude. Method: The study involved 80 young adults (58 women and 22 men) who were randomly assigned to the experimental group that filled out the specially prepared diaries for a week (participants were asked to list three things for which they feel grateful, to whom they are grateful and if and how they expressed their gratitude) or the control group. Participants completed the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), the General Health Questionnaire – 28 (GHQ-28), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being (PWBS) twice (before and after intervention). Results: In the experimental group significant increases were observed in three areas of psychological well-being: environmental mastery, relationships with others and purpose in life. The significant decrease was also noted in anxiety/insomnia and depression symptoms as well as in perceived stress. There were no differences in the level of meaning in life. There was a positive relationship between expressing gratitude and meaning in life and psychological well-being. Conclusion: Proposed gratitude intervention has the potential to enhance psychological well-being among young adults, however, it may not be effective in enhancing meaning in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Czyżowska
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Gurba
- Department of Philosophy, The Pontifical University of John Paul II, Kraków, Poland
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27
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Edler JS, Manz K, Rojas-Perilla N, Baumeister H, Cohrdes C. The role of personality traits and social support in relations of health-related behaviours and depressive symptoms. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:52. [PMID: 35065643 PMCID: PMC8784003 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence has suggested that physically inactive individuals and extensive media users are at high risk for experiencing depressive symptoms. We examined personality traits and perceived social support as potential moderators of this association. Personality and perceived social support were included as two of the most frequently considered variables when determining predispositioning factors for media use phenomena also discussed in relation to physical activity. METHODS We analysed cross-sectional data from 1402 adults (18-31 years old) who participated in a national health survey in Germany (KiGGS, Study on the health of children and adolescents in Germany, wave 2). The data included one-week accelerometer assessments as objective indicators of physical activity, self-reported media use, depressive symptoms, perceived social support and Big 5 personality traits. An elastic net regression model was fit with depressive symptoms as outcome. Ten-fold cross-validation was implemented. RESULTS Amongst the main effects, we found that high media use was positively correlated with depressive symptoms, whereas physical activity was not correlated. Looking at support and individual differences as moderators, revealed that PC use was more strongly correlated with depressive symptoms in cases of low levels of perceived social support. Positive associations of social media use with depressive symptoms were more pronounced, whereas negative associations of moderate to vigorous physical activity with depressive symptoms were less pronounced in extraverts than they were in introverts. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of considering individual factors for deriving more valid recommendations on protective health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna-Sophie Edler
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Unit 26 Mental Health, PO Box 650261, 13302, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kristin Manz
- Physical Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Rojas-Perilla
- Department of Analytics in the Digital Era, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Caroline Cohrdes
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Unit 26 Mental Health, PO Box 650261, 13302, Berlin, Germany
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Li PFJ, Wong YJ, McCullough KM, Jin L, Wang CDC. Existential Meaninglessness Scale: Scale Development and Psychometric Properties. JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00221678211072450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grounded in a tripartite existential meaninglessness model, the authors developed the 18-item Existential Meaninglessness Scale (EMS) to assess one’s concern and anxiety of existential meaninglessness. Across three samples, the EMS’s factor structure and evidence of convergent, criterion-related, and incremental validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability were examined. Exploratory factor analyses demonstrated three dimensions of the EMS: incomprehension, purposelessness, and insignificance. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that a bifactor model was a better fit to the data than other models. The bifactor model provided evidence for a general factor and measurement invariance. Ancillary bifactor indices indicated EMS’s unidimensionality. Findings of bivariate correlations and hierarchical regression analyses provided evidence for different aspects of construct validity and internal consistency. Both the Concern and Anxiety measures of the EMS positively predicted depressive symptoms and suicide ideation above and beyond the effects of general existential meaninglessness, general feelings of anxiety, and presence of meaning in life. Based on the findings, the authors discuss future research directions on existential meaninglessness using the EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ling Jin
- University of Calgary, Calgary, CA
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Cook SH, Wood EP, Mirin N, Bandel M, Delorme M, Gad L, Jayakar O, Mustafa Z, Tatar R, Javdani S, Godfrey E. Optimizing a mindfulness-based intervention to alleviate stress from discrimination among young sexual and gender minorities of color: A study protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e35593. [PMID: 34928237 PMCID: PMC8800091 DOI: 10.2196/35593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Young sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) of color may face unique experiences of discrimination based on their intersectional positions (eg, discrimination based on both racial or ethnic identity and sexual identity). Emerging evidence suggests that mindfulness practices may reduce stress from discrimination and improve overall well-being among young SGM. Moreover, the omnipresence of smartphone access among racial or ethnic and sexual minority communities provides a method through which to administer mindfulness-based interventions among young SGMs of color. Objective This paper outlines the protocol of the Optimizing a Daily Mindfulness Intervention to Reduce Stress from Discrimination among Young Sexual and Gender Minorities of Color (REDUCE) study, a pilot optimization trial of a smartphone-based mindfulness intervention that was developed in conjunction with the Healthy Minds Program (HMP) with the aim of reducing stress from discrimination among young SGMs. Methods In total, 80 young (ages 18-29 years) SGMs of color will be enrolled in the study. The HMP is a self-guided meditation practice, and participants will be randomized to either a control condition or an intervention that uses a neuroscience-based approach to mindfulness. We will use the multiphase optimization strategy to assess which combination of mindfulness interventions is the most effective at reducing stress from discrimination among young SGMs of color. A combination of mindfulness-based meditation intervention components will be examined, comprising mindfulness-based practices of awareness, connection, and purpose. Awareness refers to the practice of self-awareness, which reduces the mind’s ability to be distracted and instead be present in the moment. Connection refers to the practice of connection with oneself and others and emphasizes on empathy and compassion with oneself and others. Purpose encourages goal-making in accordance with one’s values and management of behavior in accordance with these goals. In addition, we will assess the feasibility and acceptability of the HMP application among young SGMs of color. Results The REDUCE study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of New York University, and recruitment and enrollment began in the winter of 2021. We expect to complete enrollment by the summer of 2022. The results will be disseminated via social media, journal articles, abstracts, or presentations, as well as to participants, who will be given the opportunity to provide feedback to the researchers. Conclusions This optimization trial is designed to test the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of implementing an application-based, mindfulness-based intervention to reduce stress from discrimination and improve well-being among young SGMs of color. Evidence from this study will assist in the creation of a sustainable, culturally relevant mobile app–based mindfulness intervention to reduce stress from discrimination among young SGMs of color. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05131360; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05131360 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/35593
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McCuskey B, Zhang F. A holistic approach to campus well-being: Steps to Leaps at Purdue University. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY WELL-BEING 2021; 4:647-668. [PMID: 34849456 PMCID: PMC8613514 DOI: 10.1007/s42413-021-00147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In response to the increasing demand of mental health solutions, Purdue University launched the Steps to Leaps initiative in 2019 to promote student well-being. It provided the tools and resources to build students’ resilience skills and establish lifelong habits to help them realize their personal definitions of success. Working collaboratively with students, faculty, and front- line staff, the initiative identified five pillars, to address these concerns: well-being, leadership/professional development, impact, networks and grit. This article briefly outlined the program implementation and provides relevant theoretical frameworks in a case study format. It then summarized twelve key lessons learned from the two years of practice and concluded with a community perspective.
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Bohlmeijer E, Westerhof G. The Model for Sustainable Mental Health: Future Directions for Integrating Positive Psychology Into Mental Health Care. Front Psychol 2021; 12:747999. [PMID: 34744925 PMCID: PMC8566941 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.747999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This position paper proposes a model for systematic integration of positive psychology interventions (PPIs) in mental healthcare. On the one hand, PPIs can contribute to the decrease of dysfunctional processes underlying mental illness. This evidence is at the core of the new domains of positive clinical psychology and positive psychiatry. On the other hand, a growing number of studies demonstrate that mental health is not merely the absence of mental illness. Mental wellbeing represents a related but separate dimension of mental health. Mental wellbeing reduces the risk of future incidence of mental illness and is highly valued by people receiving psychological treatment as an important aspect of personal and complete recovery and personal growth. This makes mental wellbeing a vital outcome of mental healthcare. PPIs can directly increase mental wellbeing. The model of sustainable mental health is presented integrating the science of positive psychology and mental wellbeing into mental healthcare. This heuristic model can guide both practitioners and researchers in developing, implementing, and evaluating a more balanced, both complaint- and strength-oriented, treatment approach. The role of gratitude interventions is discussed as an example of applying the model. Also, three potential modalities for implementing PPIs as positive psychotherapy in treatment are as: positive psychotherapy as primary treatment, as combinatorial treatment, and as intervention for personal recovery of people with severe or persistent mental disorder. Finally, we argue that longitudinal studies are needed to substantiate the model and the processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Bohlmeijer
- University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.,Center for eHealth and well-being, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Gerben Westerhof
- University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.,Center for eHealth and well-being, Enschede, Netherlands
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Halama P, Záhorcová L, Škrobáková Ž. Meaning making in retirement transition: a qualitative inquiry into Slovak retirees. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2021; 16:1985414. [PMID: 34696699 PMCID: PMC8555547 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2021.1985414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study is a qualitative inquiry into meaning making during retirement transition. The study focuses on how Slovak retirees reconstruct meanings during the transition and the factors which both help and hinder this process.Methods: Forty individuals (M = 63.36; SD = 2.47) who had recently transitioned into retirement were interviewed and data were analysed using the Consensual Qualitative Research-Modified approach.Results: The analysis generated five basic domains with categories and subcategories of the participants' responses. The analysis showed that once retired, the participants generally continued to rely on previous meaning sources such as work and family; however, there were changes such as switching from job-related work to work related to hobbies and housekeeping, or from financially providing for the family to maintaining family relationships and grandparenting. The main factors facilitating the meaning making process were positive attitudes and social support for meaning. The risk factors included lack of finances, poor health of retiree or a close person, and the loss of a spouse.Conclusions: In general, the research showed that the main features of the retirees' meaning making processes were maintaining accessible sources, compensating for sources lost during the transition, and managing beneficial and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Halama
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Záhorcová
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Žaneta Škrobáková
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Isham EA, Lomayesva S. Involuntary classroom transition moderates the effect of Present Hedonistic perspective on the belief in free will. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 186:111321. [PMID: 34658472 PMCID: PMC8506235 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitigation plans during the early stages of COVID-19 provided a unique, antagonistic environment in which drastic changes occurred quickly and did so with minimal freedom of choice (e.g., involuntary transition from in-person to online classroom). As such, individuals of different beliefs and perspectives would respond differently to these mitigations. We examined the interaction between the Present-Hedonistic (PH) perspective and involuntary classroom transition on the belief in free will (N = 131). PH-oriented individuals exhibit a strong desire for choice while also welcome new opportunities and change. Importantly, the perceived freedom of choice and capacity for change also serve as foundational constructs to the belief in free will. Our results revealed that involuntary transition weakened the free will belief in those with lower PH but did not affect those of higher PH orientation. These findings suggest that the interplay between the perception of choice and capacity for change account for how individuals responded to the COVID-19 pandemic mitigation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve A Isham
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 1503 E. University Blvd. Building 68, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States of America
| | - Sara Lomayesva
- New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 37100, Phoenix, AZ 85069-7100, United States of America
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Garg N, Katiyar N. Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6)-Exploring Psychometric Properties in India. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:3716-3731. [PMID: 34480259 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to culture-based differences in conceptualization, expression, and gratitude experience, the GQ-6 scale has been validated in different countries. The present study examines the adaptability of the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6) scale in India. Two studies are conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of GQ-6 for Indian college students. The first study explores factorial validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of the scale. Appropriate factor loading in exploratory factor analysis and model fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) provides empirical evidence of the scale's factorial validity. The second study investigates the convergent and criterion validity of the scale. A positive correlation with positive affect (PANAS scale) and life satisfaction (Wheel of Life Scale) and a negative association with negative affect (PANAS scale) establish criterion validity of GQ-6. The results conclude adequate suitability of the GQ-6 scale for Indian college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naval Garg
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India.
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35
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Hao Y, Zhang L, Bai C, Li W, Li C, Kong F. Gratitude and depressive symptoms in Chinese nurses: A longitudinal cross-lagged study. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2021; 14:329-343. [PMID: 34496153 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nurses have a relatively higher rate of depressive symptoms compared to other people. Previous studies have reported that gratitude is correlated with depressive symptoms among healthcare workers. The purpose of this study was to explore the causal relationship between gratitude and depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses. We collected data over 4 months, with 393 nurses at Time 1 and 241 at Time 2. All participants completed online questionnaires. We employed the structural equation models to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that gratitude at Time 1 could predict depressive symptoms at Time 2, and depressive symptoms at Time 1 could predict gratitude at Time 2. These results remained significant after controlling for gender, age, education, marital status, professional title, general positive affect, and negative affect. The findings provide initial evidence about the causal relationship between gratitude and depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses. Hospital administrators can intervene in depressive symptoms of nurses by developing gratitude interventions. Furthermore, nurses with lower levels of depressive symptoms feel more grateful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hao
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linting Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengzhi Bai
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Kong
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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36
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Kim JY, Jun WH. The effect of gratitude and self-encouragement on depression in psychiatric inpatients in Korea. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:323-328. [PMID: 33966800 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of gratitude and self-encouragement on depression in psychiatric inpatients in South Korea. A cross-sectional and correlational research design was used. The participants were 112 psychiatric inpatients recruited from the psychiatric units of four general hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected using the Korean version of the Gratitude Questionnaire-6, the Self-Encouragement Inventory, and the Korean version of Beck's Depression Inventory II. Data were analyzed using two-stage hierarchical regression analysis. The results showed that emotional self-encouragement (β = -0.43, p = .004) and gratitude (β = -0.22, p = .029) were factors significantly influencing depression. The regression model explained 28.0% of depression. Therefore, it is recommended that mental health nurses provide intervention to psychiatric inpatients to help them foster gratitude and emotional self-encouragement so that they can decrease depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yeon Kim
- College of Nursing, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, South Korea
| | - Won Hee Jun
- College of Nursing, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, South Korea.
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Carreno DF, Eisenbeck N, Pérez-Escobar JA, García-Montes JM. Inner Harmony as an Essential Facet of Well-Being: A Multinational Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:648280. [PMID: 33841286 PMCID: PMC8034265 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role of two models of well-being in the prediction of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely PERMA and mature happiness. According to PERMA, well-being is mainly composed of five elements: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning in life, and achievement. Instead, mature happiness is understood as a positive mental state characterized by inner harmony, calmness, acceptance, contentment, and satisfaction with life. Rooted in existential positive psychology, this harmony-based happiness represents the result of living in balance between positive and negative aspects of one's life. We hypothesized that mature happiness would be a more prominent protective factor during the present pandemic than the PERMA composite. A total of 12,203 participants from 30 countries responded to an online survey including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the PERMA-Profiler, and the Mature Happiness Scale-Revised (MHS-R). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that PERMA and mature happiness were highly correlated, but nonetheless, they represented two separate factors. After controlling for demographic factors and country-level variables, both PERMA Well-being and MHS-R were negative predictors of psychological distress. Mature happiness was a better predictor of stress, anxiety, and general distress, while PERMA showed a higher prediction of depression. Mature happiness moderated the relation between the perceived noxious effects of the pandemic and all markers of distress (depression, anxiety, stress, and total DASS-21). Instead, PERMA acted as a moderator in the case of depression and stress. These findings indicate that inner harmony, according to the mature happiness theory, is an essential facet of well-being to be taken into consideration. The results of this study can also orient policies aimed to alleviate the negative effects of the pandemic on mental health through the promotion of well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Carreno
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Nikolett Eisenbeck
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pérez-Escobar
- Chair of History and Philosophy of Mathematics, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Eisenbeck N, Carreno DF, Pérez-Escobar JA. Meaning-Centered Coping in the Era of COVID-19: Direct and Moderating Effects on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. Front Psychol 2021; 12:648383. [PMID: 33815231 PMCID: PMC8010126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has subjected most of the world’s population to unprecedented situations, like national lockdowns, health hazards, social isolation and economic harm. Such a scenario calls for urgent measures not only to palliate it but also, to better cope with it. According to existential positive psychology, well-being does not simply represent a lack of stress and negative emotions but highlights their importance by incorporating an adaptive relationship with them. Thus, suffering can be mitigated (and transformed into growth) by, among other factors, adopting an attitude of positive reframing, maintaining hope, existential courage, life appreciation, engagement in meaningful activities, and prosociality. The conglomerate of these elements has been recently denominated as meaning-centered coping. In this study, we evaluated the protective role of this type of coping on mental health. A sample of 12,243 participants from 30 countries across all continents completed measures of Meaning-Centered Coping Scale (MCCS), depression, stress, anxiety and stressful COVID-19 related conditions they experienced. Results indicated that meaning-centered coping was strongly associated with diminished symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. Moreover, it moderated various relationships between vulnerability factors and markers of psychological distress, especially in the case of depression. These findings call for attention to meaning-centered coping approaches in the context of hardship, such as the current COVID-19 health crisis. In these difficult times, decision-makers and health organizations may integrate these approaches into their guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Eisenbeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.,Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - David F Carreno
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - José Antonio Pérez-Escobar
- Chair of History and Philosophy of Mathematical Sciences, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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39
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Meaning-motivated community action: The need for meaning and prosocial goals and behavior. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Arslan G, Yıldırım M. Coronavirus stress, meaningful living, optimism, and depressive symptoms: a study of moderated mediation model. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1882273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gökmen Arslan
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, BurdurMehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
- International Network on Personal Meaning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Psychology, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
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Routledge C, FioRito TA. Why Meaning in Life Matters for Societal Flourishing. Front Psychol 2021; 11:601899. [PMID: 33519608 PMCID: PMC7842113 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.601899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clay Routledge
- Department of Management and Marketing, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Taylor A FioRito
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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Crego A, Yela JR, Gómez-Martínez MÁ, Riesco-Matías P, Petisco-Rodríguez C. Relationships between Mindfulness, Purpose in Life, Happiness, Anxiety, and Depression: Testing a Mediation Model in a Sample of Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:925. [PMID: 33494471 PMCID: PMC7908241 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness is connected to positive outcomes related to mental health and well-being. However, the psychological mechanisms that account for these relationships are largely unknown. A multiple-step multiple mediator structural equation modeling (SEM) model was tested with mindfulness as the independent variable; purpose in life and behavioral activation as serial mediators; and happiness, anxiety, and depression as outcome measures. Data were obtained from 1267 women. Higher mindfulness was associated with higher levels of happiness and lower anxiety and depression symptoms. The association of mindfulness with the outcome variables could be partially accounted for by purpose in life and behavioral activation. The SEM model explained large proportions of variance in happiness (50%), anxiety (34%), and depression (44%) symptoms. Mindfulness is associated with both a sense of purpose in life and engagement in activities, which are also connected with positive outcomes. Moreover, having purposes in life is linked to higher levels of behavioral activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Crego
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Calle de la Compañía 5, 37002 Salamanca, Spain; (J.R.Y.); (M.Á.G.-M.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - José Ramón Yela
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Calle de la Compañía 5, 37002 Salamanca, Spain; (J.R.Y.); (M.Á.G.-M.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - María Ángeles Gómez-Martínez
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Calle de la Compañía 5, 37002 Salamanca, Spain; (J.R.Y.); (M.Á.G.-M.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - Pablo Riesco-Matías
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Calle de la Compañía 5, 37002 Salamanca, Spain; (J.R.Y.); (M.Á.G.-M.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - Cristina Petisco-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, Calle Henry Collet 52-70, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
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Bodecka M, Nowakowska I, Zajenkowska A, Rajchert J, Kaźmierczak I, Jelonkiewicz I. Gender as a moderator between Present-Hedonistic time perspective and depressive symptoms or stress during COVID-19 lock-down. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 168:110395. [PMID: 33012936 PMCID: PMC7521869 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have addressed the impact of the COVID-19 lock-downs on psychological distress, scarce data is available relating to the role of Present-Hedonistic (PH) time perspective and gender differences in the development of depressive symptoms and stress during the period of strict social distancing. We hypothesized that gender would moderate the relationship between PH and depressiveness or stress levels, such that PH would negatively correlate with psychological distress in women but correlate positively in men. The present study was online and questionnaire-based. N = 230 participants aged 15-73 from the general population took part in the study. The results of moderation analysis allowed for full acceptance of the hypothesis for depression as a factor, but for stress the hypothesis was only partially confirmed, since the relationship between PH time perspective and stress was not significant for men (although it was positive, as expected). The findings are pioneering in terms of including PH time perspective in predicting psychological distress during the COVID-19 lock-down and have potentially significant implications for practicing clinicians, who could include the development of more adaptive time perspectives and balance them in their therapeutic work with people experiencing lock-down-related distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bodecka
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Szczęśliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Nowakowska
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Szczęśliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zajenkowska
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Szczęśliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Rajchert
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Szczęśliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Kaźmierczak
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Szczęśliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Jelonkiewicz
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Szczęśliwicka 40, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
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44
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Ginty AT, Tyra AT, Young DA, John-Henderson NA, Gallagher S, Tsang JAC. State gratitude is associated with lower cardiovascular responses to acute psychological stress: A replication and extension. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 158:238-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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45
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Park CL, Knott CL, Williams RM, Clark EM, Williams BR, Schulz E. Meaning in Life Predicts Decreased Depressive Symptoms and Increased Positive Affect over Time but Does Not Buffer Stress Effects in a National Sample of African-Americans. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2020; 21:3037-3049. [PMID: 33343225 PMCID: PMC7747937 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-019-00212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have specifically focused on meaning in life in African Americans and many important questions remain, including whether effects of meaning in life are direct or moderated by levels of stress. In a national sample of 909 African Americans, we tested meaning in life as a prospective predictor of changes in depressive symptoms and positive affect over a 2.5-year period. Controlling for demographics and hassles, meaning in life predicted decreased depressive symptoms and increased positive affect across the span of 2.5 years. Moderation effects were not found for hassles, age, or income. Gender moderated the effect of meaning on positive affect such that effects were stronger for women than for men. These results suggest that, for African Americans, meaning in life appears to robustly protect against future depressive symptoms and promote positive affect over time unaffected by amount of stress experienced or most demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheryl L Knott
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Randi M Williams
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, USA
| | - Eddie M Clark
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Emily Schulz
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Northern Arizona University - Phoenix Biomedical Campus, Phoenix, USA
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46
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van Zyl LE, Zondervan-Zwijnenburg MAJ, Dickens LR, Hulshof IL. Exploring meaning in life through a brief photo-ethnographic intervention using Instagram: a Bayesian growth modelling approach. Int Rev Psychiatry 2020; 32:723-745. [PMID: 33016795 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2020.1809357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The 4th Industrial Revolution has provided several digital platforms through which to disseminate scalable and cost-effective interventions (e.g. Apps and Social media). Instagram, a popular visual-ethnographic social media platform, could be employed to implement and scale interventions aimed at aiding individuals in discovering meaning in life and gratitude through capturing and reflecting upon photographs of meaningful moments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of a brief photo-ethnographic meaningful-moments intervention aimed at enhancing wellbeing (life satisfaction) and managing common mental health problems (stress/depression/anxiety) through Instagram. A 4 × 1 treatment-only intervention design was used to assess the immediate and long-term changes in meaning, gratitude, life satisfaction, and depression/stress/anxiety. Within-person development on the subscales was evaluated with Bayesian level and shape models. The results showed significant improvements in all factors directly after the intervention. Over the long term, significant changes with baseline measures for the presence of meaning, appreciation for others, and life satisfaction was found. Participants also reported a significant but small change in depression over the long term. Instagram could therefore be an interesting tool to consider when the aim is to enhance wellbeing and manage common mental health problems in the short-, medium- and long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llewellyn E van Zyl
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University (VTC), Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.,Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.,Department of Social Psychology, Institut für Psychologie, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Leah R Dickens
- Department of Psychology, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, USA
| | - Inge L Hulshof
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Work and Organisational Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, the Netherlands
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47
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Yang K, Yan W, Jia N, Wang Q, Kong F. Longitudinal relationship between trait gratitude and subjective well-being in adolescents: Evidence from the bi-factor model. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2020.1818812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kairong Yang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ning Jia
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiuling Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Feng Kong
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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48
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Marco JH, Alonso S, Baños R. Meaning-making as a mediator of anxiety and depression reduction during cognitive behavioral therapy intervention in participants with adjustment disorders. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 28:325-333. [PMID: 32881109 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a consensus among researchers about the link between low meaning in life and anxiety and depressive symptoms. One unanswered question is whether meaning-making is a mediator of the change in anxiety and depression symptoms in participants with adjustment disorders during cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) treatment. The aims of this study were (a) to analyse whether there was meaning-making during the application of the CBT, (b) to analyse whether meaning-making was a mediator of anxiety psychopathology and (c) to analyse whether meaning-making was a mediator of depressive symptoms. The sample was composed of 115 patients who satisfied the full Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-5 criteria for adjustment disorder as their primary diagnosis and completed CBT treatment in a primary care mental health service: 74.78% women, n = 86, and 25.22% men, n = 29, with a mean age of 41.89 (standard deviation [SD] = 10.39) years. The diagnosis was established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5), and participants filled out the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory and Purpose in Life questionnaires. The therapists were clinical psychologists with experience in clinical assessment. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two mediation analyses using the bootstrap method were performed. The results indicated that (a) There was meaning-making during the CBT because the treated sample showed a statistically significant improvement in meaning in life, and (b) meaning-making during the CBT was a partial mediator between anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms before and after the treatment. The present study suggests that meaning in life could be an important variable in the psychopathology of adjustment disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- José H Marco
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Alonso
- Catedra UMIVALE Innovación e Investigación en la Patologia del Trabajo, Valencia, Spain.,Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Baños
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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49
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Chopik WJ, Kelley WL, Vie LL, Oh J, Bonett DG, Lucas RE, Seligman MEP. Development of character strengths across the deployment cycle among U.S. Army soldiers. J Pers 2020; 89:23-34. [PMID: 32453864 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite a narrative of post-traumatic growth and resilience, research reliably demonstrating positive character development following adversity has proved elusive. In the current study, we examined changes in character strengths in Army soldiers deploying for the first time. METHOD The sample was comprised of 212,386 Army soldiers (Mage = 26.5 years old, SD = 7.13; 70.8% White) who were deploying for the first time. Character strengths were assessed once before and up to three times following soldiers' return from deployment. RESULTS We found evidence for two classes of change-a resilient class ("stable high") and a declining class ("persistent low"). Most soldiers were resilient-they had high levels of character strengths prior to deployment and changed very little across the deployment cycle. Approximately 40% of soldiers started with lower character and experienced initial declines post-deployment, from which they experienced no more than small gains over time. CONCLUSIONS Character strengths were highly stable across the deployment transition but some soldiers experienced initial declines from which they never fully rebounded. The findings are discussed in the context of the mechanisms that drive character development.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Chopik
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Whitney L Kelley
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Research Facilitation Laboratory, Army Analytics Group, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Loryana L Vie
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Research Facilitation Laboratory, Army Analytics Group, Monterey, CA, USA
| | - Jeewon Oh
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Douglas G Bonett
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Richard E Lucas
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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50
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Meaning in life and risk of cognitive impairment: A 9-Year prospective study in 14 countries. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 88:104033. [PMID: 32182537 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A meaningful and purpose-driven life is associated with better health outcomes. We test whether meaning in life is associated with risk of cognitive impairment using data from a large, multi-national study. METHODS Participants (N = 22,514) were from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Participants from 14 countries reported on their meaning in life. Cognitive impairment was derived from performance on cognitive tasks administered at baseline and at up to three follow-up waves (waves 2-6 assessed between 2010-2015). RESULTS Lack of meaning in life was associated with a more than 20 % increased risk of incident cognitive impairment over the up to 9-year follow-up (Hazard Ratio = 1.24; 95 % Confidence Interval = 1.17-1.31). Further, compared to participants who reported often feeling meaning in life, participants who reported never feeling meaning in life were at an approximately 75 % increased risk of impairment (Hazard Ratio = 1.75, 95 % Confidence Interval = 1.19-2.57). The association between meaning in life and risk of cognitive impairment was apparent across four regions of Europe (Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western) and in Israel and was not moderated by sociodemographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Reporting lower meaning in one's life is associated with risk of incident cognitive impairment. Meaning may be a potential target of intervention for healthier cognitive aging.
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