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Vrážel M, Ismail RK, Courson R, Hammouti A, Bouška M, Larrodé A, Baillieul M, Giraud W, Le Floch S, Bodiou L, Charrier J, Boukerma K, Michel K, Němec P, Nazabal V. Surface functionalization of a chalcogenide IR photonic sensor by means of a polymer membrane for water pollution remediation. Analyst 2024. [PMID: 39105485 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00721b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Rapid, simultaneous detection of organic chemical pollutants in water is an important issue to solve for protecting human health. This study investigated the possibility of developing an in situ reusable optical sensor capable of selective measurements utilizing a chalcogenide transducer supplemented by a hydrophobic polymer membrane with detection based on evanescent waves in the mid-infrared spectrum. In order to optimise a polyisobutylene hydrophobic film deposited on a chalcogenide waveguide, a zinc selenide prism was utilized as a testbed for performing attenuated total reflection with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. To comply with the levels mentioned in health guidelines, the target detection range in this study was kept rather low, with the concentration range extended from 50 ppb to 100 ppm to cover accidental pollution problems, while targeted hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and xylene) were still detected at a concentration of 100 ppb. Infrared measurements in the selected range showed a linear behaviour, with the exception of two constantly reproducible plateau phases around 25 and 80 ppm, which were observable for two polymer film thicknesses of 5 and 10 μm. The polymer was also found to be reusable by regenerating it with water between individual measurements by increasing the water temperature and flow to facilitate reverse exchange kinetics. Given the good conformability of the hydrophobic polymer when coated on chalcogenide photonic circuits and its demonstrated ability to detect organic pollutants in water and to be regenerated afterwards, a microfluidic channel utilising water flow over an evanescent wave optical transducer based on a chalcogenide waveguide and a polyisobutylene (PIB) hydrophobic layer deposited on its surface was successfully fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane by filling a mold prepared via CAD and 3D printing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vrážel
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Raïssa Kadar Ismail
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
- BRGM, Direction Eau, Environnement et Ecotechnologies, 45100 Orleans, France
| | - Rémi Courson
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Détection, Capteurs et Mesures, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Abdelali Hammouti
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut Foton - UMR 6082, F-22305 Lannion, France
| | - Marek Bouška
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Amélie Larrodé
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Marion Baillieul
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Loïc Bodiou
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut Foton - UMR 6082, F-22305 Lannion, France
| | - Joël Charrier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut Foton - UMR 6082, F-22305 Lannion, France
| | - Kada Boukerma
- IFREMER, Laboratoire Détection, Capteurs et Mesures, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Karine Michel
- BRGM, Direction Eau, Environnement et Ecotechnologies, 45100 Orleans, France
| | - Petr Němec
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Virginie Nazabal
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Ikayaja EO, Arimoro FO. Organophosphate pesticide residue impact on water quality and changes in macroinvertebrate community in an Afrotropical stream flowing through farmlands. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:489. [PMID: 38689125 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
River Chanchaga has experienced significant agricultural practices around its catchment, which involved the indiscriminate use of pesticides. However, residents of the study area are not well aware of the negative impact of pesticides on water quality and macroinvertebrates. In this study, the first report on the influence of organophosphate pesticide contamination on the abundance of the macroinvertebrate community was provided. Sampling for the determination of organophosphate pesticide residues was carried out during the peak of the two seasons, while macroinvertebrates and physicochemical variables were observed for 6 months. We examined 11 organophosphate pesticide residues using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, 12 water quality variables, and 625 macroinvertebrate individuals. The concentration of recorded organophosphate pesticide residues ranged from 0.01 to 0.52 μg/L. From the Canonical Correspondence Analysis plot, malathion, chlorine, and paraffin show a positive correlation with Unima sp., Hydrocanthus sp., Chironomus sp., and Potadoma sp. At station 3, depth shows a positive correlation with Biomphalaria sp. and Zyxomma sp., indicating poor water quality as most of these macroinvertebrates are indicators of water pollution. Diuron and carbofuran show a negative correlation with Lestes sp. and Pseudocloeon sp., and these are pollution-sensitive macroinvertebrates. The total mean concentration of organophosphate pesticide residues was above international drinking water standards set by the World Health Organization except for paraffin, chlorpyrifos, and diuron. In conclusion, the observations recorded from this research are useful in managing pesticide applications around the river catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice O Ikayaja
- Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, P.M.B. 65, Nigeria.
| | - Francis O Arimoro
- Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, P.M.B. 65, Nigeria
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Makgoba L, Abrams A, Röösli M, Cissé G, Dalvie MA. DDT contamination in water resources of some African countries and its impact on water quality and human health. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28054. [PMID: 38560195 PMCID: PMC10979284 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) usage has been prohibited in developed nations since 1972 but is exempted for use in indoor residual spraying (IRS) in developing countries, including African countries, for malaria control. There have been no previous reviews on DDT residues in water resources in Africa. The study aimed to provide a review of available research investigating the levels of DDT residues in water sources in Africa and to assess the consequent human health risks. A scoping review of published studies in Africa was conducted through a systematic electronic search using PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO HOST, and Scopus. A total of 24 articles were eligible and reviewed. Concentrations of DDT ranged from non-detectable levels to 81.2 μg/L. In 35% of the studies, DDT concentrations surpassed the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water guideline of 1 μg/L in the sampled water sources. The highest DDT concentrations were found in South Africa (81.2 μg/L) and Egypt (5.62 μg/L). DDT residues were detected throughout the year in African water systems, but levels were found to be higher during the wet season. Moreover, water from taps, rivers, reservoirs, estuaries, wells, and boreholes containing DDT residues was used as drinking water. Seven studies conducted health risk assessments, with two studies identifying cancer risk values surpassing permissible thresholds in water sampled from sources designated for potable use. Non-carcinogenic health risks in the studies fell below a hazard quotient of 1. Consequently, discernible evidence of risks to human health surfaced, given that the concentration of DDT residues surpassed either the WHO drinking water guidelines or the permissible limits for cancer risk in sampled drinking sources within African water systems. Therefore, alternative methods for malaria vector control should be investigated and applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lethabo Makgoba
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Health Sciences Faculty, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Amber Abrams
- Future Water Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guéladio Cissé
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Health Sciences Faculty, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- Future Water Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
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Gallego JL, Shipley ER, Vlahos P, Olivero-Verbel J. Occurrence and toxicological relevance of pesticides and trace metals in agricultural soils, sediments, and water of the Sogamoso River basin, Colombia. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141713. [PMID: 38490613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Historical pesticide use in agriculture and trace metal accumulation have long term impact on soil, sediment, and water quality. This research quantifies legacy and current-use pesticides and trace metals, assessing their occurrence and toxicological implications on a watershed scale in the Sogamoso River basin, tributary of the Magdalena River in Colombia. Organochlorine pesticides (22), organophosphates (7), and azole fungicides (5), as well as trace metals cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were analyzed in croplands and along the river. Toxic units (TU) and hazard quotients (HQ) were calculated to assess the mixture toxicity. Organochlorines were detected in 84% of soils, 100% of sediments, and 80% of water samples. Organophosphates were found in 100% of soil and sediment samples, as well as in 70% of water samples. Azole fungicides were present in 79% of soils, 60% of sediments, and in 10% of water samples. Total pesticide concentrations ranged from 214.2 to 8497.7 μg/kg in soils, 569.6-12768.2 μg/kg in sediments, and 0.2-4.1 μg/L in water. In addition, the use of partition coefficient (Kd) and organic carbon fraction (foc) allowed the distribution analysis for most of the pesticides in sediments, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and water systems, but not for soils. Concentrations of trace metals Cu, Zn, Pb, and Zn exceeded international quality guidelines for agricultural soils in 16% of the samples. Furthermore, Cu and Zn concentrations exceeded sediment quality guidelines in 50 and 90% of the samples, respectively. These findings demonstrate the broad distribution of complex mixtures of trace metals, legacy organochlorines, and current-use pesticides across the basin, indicating that conventional agriculture is a significant source of diffuse pollution. Sustainable agricultural practices are needed to mitigate adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Gallego
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia; Engineering Department, University of Medellin, Medellin, 050026, Colombia.
| | - Emma R Shipley
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Avery Point, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
| | - Penny Vlahos
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Avery Point, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340, United States.
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia.
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Rex KR, Vinod PG, Praveen KS, Chakraborty P. Sediment-water exchange and risk assessment of pesticidal persistent organic pollutants in Bharathappuzha and Periyar Riverine region along the Arabian Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:144. [PMID: 38538830 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Considering the extensive agricultural practices along the perennial rivers, viz. Periyar and Bharathappuzha of Kerala in the southwest coast of India, the first comprehensive surveillance of new and legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface sediment was conducted. Further, the sediment-water exchange fluxes have been elucidated. Mean concentrations of total HCH, DDT and endosulfan were 0.84 ng/g, 0.42 ng/g and 0.30 ng/g for Bharathappuzha Riverine sediment (BRS) and 1.08 ng/g, 0.39 ng/g and 0.35 ng/g for Periyar Riverine sediment (PRS). The dominance α-HCH and β-HCH isomers in PRS and BRS reflect the ongoing use of technical HCH in Kerala. The calculated KSW in both rivers was very low in comparison with other Indian rivers. The average log K'OC for all the detected OCPs in both the rivers was lower than the predicted log KOC in equilibrium indicating the higher adherence of OCPs to sediment. Furthermore, fugacity fraction (fs/fw) was < 1.0 for all OCPs confirming the net deposition of OCPs into the sediment. Sediment concentrations for each of the OCPs in PRS and BRS did not surpass the threshold effect level and probable effect level as stipulated by the Canadian Council of Ministry of the Environment Guidelines. In addition, all the sites of both rivers had sediment quality guideline quotient (SQGQ) values below 0.1 indicating the absence of significant biological and ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ronnie Rex
- Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate CHange (REACH), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - P G Vinod
- GeoVin Solutions Pvt. Ltd, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Neuvo Chakra (OPC) Pvt. Ltd., Vasai, India
| | - K S Praveen
- Liquid Waste Management Division, Suchitwa Mission, Government of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate CHange (REACH), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
- UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, The University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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6
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Peivasteh-roudsari L, Barzegar-bafrouei R, Sharifi KA, Azimisalim S, Karami M, Abedinzadeh S, Asadinezhad S, Tajdar-oranj B, Mahdavi V, Alizadeh AM, Sadighara P, Ferrante M, Conti GO, Aliyeva A, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Origin, dietary exposure, and toxicity of endocrine-disrupting food chemical contaminants: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18140. [PMID: 37539203 PMCID: PMC10395372 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a growing public health concern worldwide. Consumption of foodstuffs is currently thought to be one of the principal exposure routes to EDCs. However, alternative ways of human exposure are through inhalation of chemicals and dermal contact. These compounds in food products such as canned food, bottled water, dairy products, fish, meat, egg, and vegetables are a ubiquitous concern to the general population. Therefore, understanding EDCs' properties, such as origin, exposure, toxicological impact, and legal aspects are vital to control their release to the environment and food. The present paper provides an overview of the EDCs and their possible disrupting impact on the endocrine system and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raziyeh Barzegar-bafrouei
- Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Kurush Aghbolagh Sharifi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shamimeh Azimisalim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Karami
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Abedinzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Asadinezhad
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Behrouz Tajdar-oranj
- Food and Drug Administration of Iran, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Mahdavi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 1475744741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adel Mirza Alizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia,” Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia,” Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Aynura Aliyeva
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Technology of Chemistry, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology – State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Lajmanovich RC, Repetti MR, Cuzziol Boccioni AP, Michlig MP, Demonte L, Attademo AM, Peltzer PM. Cocktails of pesticide residues in Prochilodus lineatus fish of the Salado River (South America): First record of high concentrations of polar herbicides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:162019. [PMID: 36740068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Muscle and viscera (gills-liver) of the fish Prochilodus lineatus were obtained from four sites of lower course of Salado river and one site at Santa Fe river near to its confluence with Salado river from Santa Fe (Argentina) between December 2021 and February 2022. Sediment samples were also obtained from the same sites. All samples were analyzed for pesticide residues following the QuEChERS method to quantify 136 compounds by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-EI-MS/MS. Overall, muscle fish tissue showed very high concentrations (maximum concentrations detected) of the insecticide cypermethrin (204 μg/kg), polar herbicides (glyphosate; 187 μg/kg and its degradation product (aminomethylphosphonic acid) AMPA; 3116 μg/kg, and glufosinate-ammonium; 677 μg/kg), and the fungicide pyraclostrobin (50 μg/kg). In viscera samples, high values of cypermethrin (506 μg/kg), chlorpyrifos (78 μg/kg), and lambdacyhalothrin (73 μg/kg) were the main pesticides found. Mean residues concentrations detected among sites were not significantly different neither in muscle nor viscera of P. lineatus in most of the cases. Exceptionally, the southernmost studied site of the Lower Salado river showed significant differences in concentration of residues found in muscle, due to high concentrations of glyphosate and glufosinate-amonium (KW = 11.879 and KW = 13.013, respectively, P < 0.05). Other norther Lower Salado river site showed significant higher AMPA concentration in fish viscera than in the rest of the studied sites (KW = 12.86 P < 0.05). Some sediment samples showed low levels of herbicides such as glyphosate (24 μg/kg) and fungicides. However, the world highest levels of polar herbicides were recorded in fish muscle. The results of this study highlight the need for periodic monitoring due to the high concentration of pesticides and its potential risk in a very important commercial freshwater fish from Argentina, which is consumed locally and exported to other countries for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Lajmanovich
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María R Repetti
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana P Cuzziol Boccioni
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina P Michlig
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luisina Demonte
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Attademo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola M Peltzer
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Singh RP, Mahajan M, Gandhi K, Gupta PK, Singh A, Singh P, Singh RK, Kidwai MK. A holistic review on trend, occurrence, factors affecting pesticide concentration, and ecological risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:451. [PMID: 36890356 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Demographic outbursts and increased food demands invoke excessive use of pesticides in the agricultural field for increasing productivity which leads to the relentless decline of riverine health and its tributaries. These tributaries are connected to a plethora of point and non-point sources that transport pollutants including pesticides into the Ganga river's mainstream. Simultaneous climate change and lack of rainfall significantly increase pesticide concentration in the soil and water matrix of the river basin. This paper is intended to review the paradigm shift of pesticide pollution in the last few decades in the river Ganga and its tributaries. Along with this, a comprehensive review suggests the ecological risk assessment method which facilitates policy development, sustainable riverine ecosystem management, and decision-making. Before 2011, the total mixture of Hexachlorocyclohexane was found at 0.004-0.026 ng/mL in Hooghly, but now, the concentration has increased up to 0.465-4.132 ng/mL. Aftermath of critical review, we observed maximum residual commodities and pesticide contamination reported in Uttar Pradesh > West Bengal > Bihar > Uttara Khand possibly because of agricultural load, increasing settlement, and incompetency of sewage treatment plant in the reclamation of pesticide contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Pratap Singh
- Waste management, Resource recovery & Ecotoxicology (WRE) Laboratory, Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Monika Mahajan
- Waste management, Resource recovery & Ecotoxicology (WRE) Laboratory, Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Kavita Gandhi
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Sophisticated Environmental Analytical Facility, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Gupta
- Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anita Singh
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Prafull Singh
- Remote Sensing & Groundwater Modeling Lab, Department of Geology, Central University South Bihar (CUSB), Gaya, 824236, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mohd Kashif Kidwai
- Department of Energy & Environmental Sciences, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana, India
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9
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Shah ZU, Parveen S. Distribution and risk assessment of pesticide residues in sediment samples from river Ganga, India. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279993. [PMID: 36730256 PMCID: PMC9894440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Indiscriminate use of pesticides leads to their entry in to the bottom sediments, where they are absorbed in the sediment's particle and thus, may become the consistent source of aquatic pollution. The present work was carried out to evaluate pesticide residues in the sediment samples and associated human health risk of commonly used pesticides along the basin of river Ganga. Total of 16 pesticides were analyzed along three stretches of river Ganga. The concentration of pesticides in the upper stretch ranged from ND to 0.103 μg/kg, in the middle stretch ND to 0.112 μg/kg, and in the lower stretch ND to 0.105 μg/kg. Strong positive correlation was found between total organic carbon and total pesticide residues in sediment samples. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic values were estimated below the threshold limit suggesting no associated risk. Risks associated with the inhalation route of exposure were found to be higher than the dermal and ingestion routes. Children were found at higher risk at each site from multiple routes of exposure than adult population groups. Toxic unit values were found to be below the threshold value suggesting no risk associated with exposure of pesticides from sediments. However, long term effects on ecological quality due to consistent pesticide exposure must not be ignored. Therefore, the present study focuses on concrete efforts like lowering the irrational used of pesticides, tapping of agricultural and domestic drains, advice to farmers for appropriate use of pesticide doses, to reduce the threat of pesticide pollution in the river system and possible human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshan Umar Shah
- Department of Zoology, Limnology Research Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Saltanat Parveen
- Department of Zoology, Limnology Research Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Health Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water of Upper Jhelum Region in Kashmir Valley-India by GC-MS/MS. Int J Anal Chem 2023; 2023:6802782. [PMID: 36741419 PMCID: PMC9897932 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6802782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally growing demand for agricultural and farm foods has more or less become dependent on chemical pesticides to maintain the supply chain, which undoubtedly boosts agricultural production. However, pesticides not only impact the target pests but cause hazard to human health. Pesticides are ubiquitous and can be found in almost every component of the environment. They can therefore impair human and biota health when present over the threshold level. The present study assessed the concentration of commonly used pesticides for agricultural purposes but get mixed in different sources of water, as such fifteen sampling sites along the upper Jhelum basin of Kashmir valley were chosen. For the analysis, 60 water samples were obtained from different water sources. Gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used to determine pesticide residues in water samples. Pesticide residues from 10 of the 26 commonly used pesticides were detected in water samples. Difenoconazole had the highest concentration among the pesticides detected, with a mean concentration of 0.412 ± 0.424 μg/L ranging from 0.0 μg/L to 0.8196 μg/L. The target hazards quotient (THQ) was used to quantify the possible noncarcinogenic health risks associated with drinking pesticide-contaminated water. Only chlorpyrifos and quinalphos were detected >1 in RWS3 (1.6571), RWS4 (1.0285), RWS14 (1.2571), and RWS15 (1.2000) sample sites, implying that the drinking water poses a health risk to humans. Hence, pesticide hazards should be mitigated and rigorous monitoring is needed to reduce pesticide residues in drinking water.
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Oltramare C, Weiss FT, Staudacher P, Kibirango O, Atuhaire A, Stamm C. Pesticides monitoring in surface water of a subsistence agricultural catchment in Uganda using passive samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10312-10328. [PMID: 36074287 PMCID: PMC9898397 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are intensely used in the agricultural sector worldwide including smallholder farming. Poor pesticide use practices in this agronomic setting are well documented and may impair the quality of water resources. However, empirical data on pesticide occurrence in water bodies of tropical smallholder agriculture is scarce. Many available data are focusing on apolar organochlorine compounds which are globally banned. We address this gap by studying the occurrence of a broad range of more modern pesticides in an agricultural watershed in Uganda. During 2.5 months of the rainy season in 2017, three passive sampler systems were deployed at five locations in River Mayanja to collect 14 days of composite samples. Grab samples were taken from drinking water resources. In these samples, 27 compounds out of 265 organic pesticides including 60 transformation products were detected. In the drinking water resources, we detected eight pesticides and two insecticide transformation products in low concentrations between 1 and 50 ng/L. Also, in the small streams and open fetch ponds, detected concentrations were generally low with a few exceptions for the herbicide 2,4-D and the fungicide carbendazim exceeding 1 ug/L. The widespread occurrence of chlorpyrifos posed the largest risk for macroinvertebrates. The extensive detection of this compound and its transformation product 3,4,5-trichloro-2-pyridinol was unexpected and called for a better understanding of the use and fate of this pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Oltramare
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederik T Weiss
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Staudacher
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Kibirango
- Directorate of Government Analytical Laboratory (DGAL), Ministry of Internal Affairs, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aggrey Atuhaire
- Uganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health (UNACOH), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Christian Stamm
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Shehu Z, Nyakairu GWA, Tebandeke E, Odume ON. Overview of African water resources contamination by contaminants of emerging concern. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158303. [PMID: 36030854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review look at several classes of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in conventional and non-conventional water resources across the African continent's five regions. According to the review, pharmaceuticals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, personal care products, pesticides, per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds, and microplastics were found in conventional and non-conventional water resources. Most conventional water resources, such as rivers, streams, lakes, wells, and boreholes, are used as drinking water sources. Non-conventional water sources, such as treated wastewater (effluents), are used for domestic and agricultural purposes. However, CECs remain part of the treated wastewater, which is being discharged to surface water or used for agriculture. Thus, wastewater (effluent) is the main contributor to the pollution of other water resources. For African countries, the prevalence of rising emerging pollutants in water poses a severe environmental threat. There are different adverse effects of CECs, including the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, ecotoxicological effects, and several endocrine disorders. Therefore, this needs the urgent attention of the African Union, policymakers, Non-Governmental Organizations, and researchers to come together and tackle the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaccheus Shehu
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Chemistry, Gombe State University, P.M. B. 127, Gombe, Nigeria
| | | | - Emmanuel Tebandeke
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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13
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Arisekar U, Shakila RJ, Shalini R, Jeyasekaran G, Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Keerthana M, Perumal K. Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs) at different growth stages of pacific white leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei): First report on ecotoxicological and human health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136459. [PMID: 36150495 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues (PRs) in farmed shrimps are concerning food safety risks. Globally, India is a major exporter of pacific white leg shrimp (P. vannamei). This study was undertaken to analyze PRs in the water, sediments, shrimps, and feed at different growth stages to evaluate the ecotoxicological and human health risks. PRs in the seawater and sediments ranged from not detected (ND) to 0.027 μg/L and 0.006-12.39 μg/kg, and the concentrations were within the maximum residual limits (MRLs) and sediment quality guidelines prescribed by the World Health Organization and Canadian Environment Guidelines, respectively. PRs in shrimps at three growth stages viz. Postlarvae, juvenile, and adults, ranged from ND to 0.522 μg/kg, below the MRLs set by Codex Alimentarius Commission and European Commission. Most of the PRs in water, sediments, and shrimps did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) from days of culture (DOC-01) to DOC-90. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard ratio (HR) were found to be < 1, indicating that consumption of shrimps has no noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. PRs in shrimp feed ranged from ND to 0.777 μg/kg and were found to be below the MRLs set by EC, which confirms that the feed fed is safe for aquaculture practices and does not biomagnify in animals. The risk quotient (RQ) and toxic unit (TU) ranged from insignificant level (ISL) to 0.509 and ISL to 0.022, indicating that PRs do not pose acute and chronic ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms. The study suggested no health risk due to PRs in shrimps cultured in India and exported to the USA, China, and Japan. However, regular monitoring of PRs is recommended to maintain a sustainable ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Robinson Jeya Shakila
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rajendran Shalini
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Tuticorin, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muruganantham Keerthana
- Department of Fisheries and Fishermen Welfare, Department of Fisheries (AD Office), Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Perumal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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14
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Hussein MA, Hammad OS, Tharwat AE, Darwish WS, Sayed-Ahmed A, Zigo F, Farkašová Z, Rehan IF. Health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in edible tissue of seafood. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1042956. [PMID: 36544552 PMCID: PMC9761600 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1042956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish is one of the most valuable foods with high-quality animal protein. However, aquaculture, or ingesting contaminated food, allows organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) to enter the fish's body, and therefore, it negatively impacted public health. One-hundred and twenty random samples of Clupea harengus (C. harengus), Mugil cephalus (M. cephalus), Sardinella aurita (S. aurita), Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus), Neptunus pelagicus (N. pelagicus) and Sepia savigngi (S. savigngi) (n = 20 each) were collected from local markets in Mansoura city, Egypt. Samples were checked to see whether any residues of OCPs with the application of risk assessment due to their consumption by Mansoura citizens. The findings indicated that summation hexachlorocyclohexane (∑HCH) in examined seafood samples ranged from 0.27 ± 0.13 in N. pelagicus to 61.61 ± 52.03 μg.kg-1 in S. aurita. Also, the γ-HCH isomer was considered the more prominent among isomers. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was found in five different species, with mean values of 2.03 ± 1.85, 1.5.7 ± 1.17, 0.94 ± 0.87, 0.35 ± 0.06, and 0.18 ± 0.06 μg.kg-1 in C. harengus, S. aurita, M. cephlaus, O. niloticus, and S. savigngi. Moreover, summation of Heptachlors (∑HPTs) was 10.19 ± 7.63, 1.27 ± 0.26, 2.58 ± 0.11, 0.95 ± 0.12, 0.21 ± 0.11 and 0.32 ± 0.03 μg.kg-1 of wet weight in examined C. harengus, M. cephlaus, S. aurita, O. niloticus, N. pelagicus, and S. savigngi. Aldrin and dieldrin residues were 3.75 ± 1.31 and 4.86 ± 1.33 μg.kg-1 in C. harengu, meanwhile they were 1.61 ± 0.77 and 0.78 ± 0.04 μg.kg-1in M. cephalus. Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (pp-DDE) was dominant in all examined species within different concentrations 5.08 ± 4.12, 0.98 ± 0.10, 3.07 ± 0.91, 0.93 ± 0.27, 0.08 ± 0.01 and 0.35 ± 0.02 μg.kg-1 in C. harengus, M. cephlaus, S. aurita, O. niloticus, N. pelagicus and S. savigngi, respectively. We concluded that all examined seafood samples were lower than the recommended maximum residue limit. Also, the estimated daily intake was less than the permitted daily intake. Non-carcinogenic indices of target hazard quotient and hazard index for OCPs in all examined species were less than 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Hussein
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Omnya S. Hammad
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Tharwat
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Wageh S. Darwish
- Department of Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Alkom, Egypt
| | - František Zigo
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Farkašová
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ibrahim F. Rehan
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Alkom, Egypt
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University Yagotoyama, Nagoya-shi, Japan
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15
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Mega OO, Benneth BA, Edesiri TP, Rume RA, Victor E, Rotu RA, Oghenetega BO, Agbonifo-Chijiokwu E, Kingsley NE, Andrew UO, Adebayo OG. Possible mechanisms involved in the testicular-protective property of quercetin in rats exposed to endosulfan toxicity. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105224. [PMID: 36464344 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of quercetin and putative mechanisms involved against endosulfan-testicular impairments in rats. Rats were allotted into five treatment groups (n = 5). Groups 1-2 had normal saline and maize oil (vehicle) (10 mL/kg), group 3 received quercetin (20 mg/kg), 4-5 had endosulfan (5 mg/kg, p.o) orally for 28 days. However, from days 14-28, group 4 received an additional dose of vehicle (10 mL/kg, p.o./day), while group 5 received quercetin (20 mg/kg, p.o./day). Thereafter, blood samples and testes were harvested for markers of cholinergic, hormonal and testicular oxido-nitrergic, inflammatory, apoptosis and proton pump ATPase activities. Also, testicular histopathological changes were also evaluated alongside with germ cell count, testicular injury and spermatogenesis score. Quercetin increased testicular/body weights and spermatogenesis, androgenic hormones (follicle stimulating hormones, FSH; luteinizing hormone, LH; testosterone), acetylcholinesterase levels and attenuated altered membrane integrity, DNA fragmentation, increased caspases-3 levels in rats exposed to endosulfan. Moreover, quercetin increased testicular B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated x-protein (Bax) and proton pump adenosine trisphosphate (ATPase) and sialic acid levels. Of note, quercetin reversed endosulfan-mediated increased malondialdehyde, nitrite, peroxynitrite formation, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and lowered antioxidant enzymes in the testes. The increased levels of testicular myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) by endosulfan were also reduced by quercetin administration. Additionally, quercetin attenuate endosulfan-induced testicular histopathological changes of rats. Our findings showed that quercetin significantly inhibited endosulfan-induced testicular damage and altered spermatogenesis through inhibition of oxido-nitrergic pathway, inflammatory mediators, apoptosis, acetylcholinesterase activity and enhancement of testicular hormones and improvement in testicular ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyovwi O Mega
- Department of Human Physiology, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | - Ben-Azu Benneth
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Tesi P Edesiri
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwash-Uku, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Rotu A Rume
- Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Emojevwe Victor
- Department of Physiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Rotu A Rotu
- Department of Industrial safety and Environmental Management, School of Maritime Technology, Burutu, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Bright Onome Oghenetega
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Babcock University, Illisan-Romo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ejime Agbonifo-Chijiokwu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Nwangwan E Kingsley
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Udi O Andrew
- Department of Human Physiology, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Adebayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcourt, River State, Nigeria
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16
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Perera-Rios J, Ruiz-Suarez E, Bastidas-Bastidas PDJ, May-Euán F, Uicab-Pool G, Leyva-Morales JB, Reyes-Novelo E, Pérez-Herrera N. Agricultural pesticide residues in water from a karstic aquifer in Yucatan, Mexico, pose a risk to children's health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2218-2232. [PMID: 34282684 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1950652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Yucatan is a region with a high impact of water contamination since it has a karst type soil favoring contaminants entry into the phreatic level, the only source of freshwater in the area. However, no studies report pesticides in water for human consumption or the risk it represents. The objective of this study was to detect and measure pesticide concentrations in domestic tap water to estimate the risk (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic) to health. A non-probabilistic sampling was applied of 48 tap water sources, and then pesticide detection with solid-phase extraction gas chromatography coupled to the electron capture and flame photometric detectors allowed the estimation of risk through hazard ratios. The present results suggest that aldrin, heptachlor, and β-BHC residues in domestic tap water from Ticul, Yucatan, pose a risk to children's health, particularly for potential carcinogenic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Perera-Rios
- Facultad De Medicina, Universidad Autónoma De Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | - Pedro de Jesús Bastidas-Bastidas
- Laboratorio Nacional Para La Investigación En Inocuidad Alimentaria (Residuos De Plaguicidas), CIAD, A.C. Unidad Culiacán, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Fernando May-Euán
- Facultad De Medicina, Universidad Autónoma De Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
- Facultad De Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma De Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Gloria Uicab-Pool
- Facultad De Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma De Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - José Belisario Leyva-Morales
- Centro De Investigación En Recursos Naturales Y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago De Chile, Chile
- Doctorado En Sustentabilidad, Universidad Autónoma De Occidente (Unidad Guasave, Sinaloa), Guasave, Sinaloa, México
| | - Enrique Reyes-Novelo
- Centro De Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Unidad Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma De Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Norma Pérez-Herrera
- Facultad De Medicina, Universidad Autónoma De Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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17
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Mumtaz N, Javaid A, Imran M, Latif S, Hussain N, Nawaz S, Bilal M. Nanoengineered metal-organic framework for adsorptive and photocatalytic mitigation of pharmaceuticals and pesticide from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119690. [PMID: 35772620 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly expanding water pollution has transformed into significant dangers around the world. In recent years, the pharmaceutical and agriculture field attained enormous progress to meet the necessities of health and life; however, discharge of trace amounts of pharmaceuticals and pesticides into water significantly have a negative influence on human health and the environment. Contamination with these pollutants also constitutes a great threat to the aquatic ecosystem. To deal with the harmful impacts of such pollutants, their expulsion has attracted researchers' interest a lot, and it became essential to figure out techniques suitable for the removal of these pollutants. Thus, many researchers have devoted their efforts to improving the existing technology or providing an alternative strategy to solve this environmental problem. One of the attractive materials for this purpose is metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to their superior high surface area, high porosity, and the tunable features of their structures and function. Among various techniques of wastewater treatment, such as biological treatment, advanced oxidation process and membrane technologies, etc., metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials are tailorable porous architectures and are viably used as adsorbents or photocatalysts for wastewater treatment due to their porosity, tunable internal structure, and large surface area. MOFs are synthesized by various methods such as solvo/hydrothermal, sonochemical, microwave and mechanochemical methods. Most common method used for the synthesis of MOFs is solvothermal/hydrothermal methods. Herein, this review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in MOFs and their derivatives, focusing on the following aspects: synthesis and applications. This review comprehensively highlights the application of MOFs and nano-MOFs to remove pharmaceuticals and pesticides from wastewater. For the past years, transition metal-based MOFs have been concentrated as photocatalyst/adsorbents in treating contaminated water. However, work on main group metal-based MOFs is not so abundant. Hence, the foremost objective of this review is to present the latest material and references concerning main group element-based MOFs and nanoscale materials derived from them towards wastewater treatment. It summarizes the possible research challenges and directions for MOFs and their derivatives as catalysts applied to wastewater treatment in the future. With the context of recent pioneering studies on main group elements-based MOFs and their derivatives; we hope to stimulate some possibilities for further development, challenges and future perspectives in this field have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Mumtaz
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Javaid
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shoomaila Latif
- School of Physical Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
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18
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Chormare R, Kumar MA. Environmental health and risk assessment metrics with special mention to biotransfer, bioaccumulation and biomagnification of environmental pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134836. [PMID: 35525441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The environment pollutants, which are landed up in environment because of human activities like urbanization, mining and industrializations, affects human health, plants and animals. The living organisms present in environment are constantly affected by the toxic pollutants through direct contact or bioaccumulation of chemicals from the environment. The toxic and hazardous pollutants are easily transferred to different environmental matrices like land, air and water bodies such as surface and ground waters. This comprehensive review deeply discusses the routes and causes of different environmental pollutants along with their toxicity, impact, occurrences and fate in the environment. Environment health and risk assessment tools that are used to evaluate the harmfulness, exposure of living organisms to pollutants and the amount of pollutant accumulated are explained with help of bio-kinetic models. Biotransfer, toxicity factor, biomagnification and bioaccumulation of different pollutants in the air, water and marine ecosystems are critically addressed. Thus, the presented survey would be collection of correlations those addresses the factors involved in assessing the environmental health and risk impacts of distinct environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh Chormare
- Process Design and Engineering Cell, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhava Anil Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364 002, Gujarat, India.
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19
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Islam MA, Amin SMN, Brown CL, Juraimi AS, Uddin MK, Arshad A. Determination of the Most Efficient Household Technique for the Reduction of Pesticide Residues from Raw Fish Muscles. Foods 2022; 11:1254. [PMID: 35563977 PMCID: PMC9103239 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial quantities of pesticides are routinely applied to enhance agricultural crop production. Pesticides used in this way continuously accumulate in the environment and in foods. Harvested crops contain pesticide residues at various concentrations, with potential harmful impacts on human health. Hence, it is of value to identify techniques for the effective decontamination of tainted foods. However, cleaning with water or household agents, e.g., acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate, are recognized treatments for the efficient degradation of pesticides from vegetables and fruits. There is an apparent void of information about the decontamination treatments for raw fishes using household agents that are affordable for all classes of consumers. Hence, the present study was performed to determine the most efficient household technique for reducing pesticide residue levels from precooked raw fish to ensure the utmost food safety. Fish muscles of four species of fishes, viz., Clarias gariepinus, Channa striatus, Anabas testudineus and Trichogaster trichopterus, were treated with six treatments: washing with running tap water (T1), dipping in normal water (T2), dipping in 2% salt solution (T3), dipping in 2% vinegar (T4), dipping in 0.1% sodium bicarbonate solution (T5) as well as dipping in 0.1% sodium bicarbonate solution + 2% vinegar + 2% salt solution + lemon juice (T6), as fish muscle is the major consumable portion of fish. The current study demonstrated that the removal percentage of lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, endosulfan, dieldrin, endrin, DDT, methoxychlor and cypermethrin residues against the treated household treatments, in downward order, were soaking in 0.1% sodium bicarbonate solution + 2% vinegar + 2% salt solution + lemon juice solution (T6) > soaking in 2% vinegar (T4) solution > soaking in 0.1% sodium bicarbonate (T5) solution > soaking in 2% salt (T3) solution > washing with running tap water (T1) > soaking in stable normal water (T2). The treatment of raw fish muscle samples by soaking them in 0.1% sodium bicarbonate solution + 2% vinegar + 2% salt solution + lemon juice was found to be the most efficient household treatment, performing significant reductions (%) in pesticide concentration: 72−80% (p < 0.05) in Channa striata, 71−79% (p < 0.05) in Clarias gariepinus, 74−80% (p < 0.05) in Anabas testudineus as well as 78−81% (p < 0.05) in Trichogaster trichopterus before cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ariful Islam
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.I.); (S.M.N.A.)
- Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Shrimp Research Station, Bagerhat 9300, Bangladesh
| | - S. M. Nurul Amin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.I.); (S.M.N.A.)
- Department of Aquaculture, FAO World Fisheries University, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea;
| | - Christopher L. Brown
- Department of Aquaculture, FAO World Fisheries University, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea;
| | - Abdul Shukor Juraimi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Md. Kamal Uddin
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Aziz Arshad
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.I.); (S.M.N.A.)
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Okoye CO, Okeke ES, Okoye KC, Echude D, Andong FA, Chukwudozie KI, Okoye HU, Ezeonyejiaku CD. Occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs) and pesticides in African water systems: A need for timely intervention. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09143. [PMID: 35345397 PMCID: PMC8956874 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of emerging contaminants (ECs) such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs) and pesticides in the aquatic environment has raised serious concerns about their adverse effects on aquatic species and humans. Because of their toxicity and bioactive nature, PPCPs and pesticides have more potential to impair water systems than any other contaminants, causing several adverse effects, including antibiotic resistance, reproductive impairment, biomagnification, bioaccumulation, etc. Over 35 publications from Africa have reported on the occurrence and fate of PPCPs and pesticides in African water systems with little or no data on remediation and control. As a result, adequate intervention strategies are needed for regulating the persistence of PPCPs and pesticides in African water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Obinwanne Okoye
- Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
- Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Corresponding author.
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kingsley Chukwuebuka Okoye
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Entomology Unit, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Echude
- Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Felix Attawal Andong
- Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley Ikechukwu Chukwudozie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
- Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Henrietta Ukamaka Okoye
- Social Policy Unit, Department of Public Administration and Local Government, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
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21
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Fuhrimann S, Wan C, Blouzard E, Veludo A, Holtman Z, Chetty-Mhlanga S, Dalvie MA, Atuhaire A, Kromhout H, Röösli M, Rother HA. Pesticide Research on Environmental and Human Exposure and Risks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:259. [PMID: 35010520 PMCID: PMC8750985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
On the African continent, ongoing agriculture intensification is accompanied by the increasing use of pesticides, associated with environmental and public health concerns. Using a systematic literature review, we aimed to map current geographical research hotspots and gaps around environmental and public health risks research of agriculture pesticides in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Studies were included that collected primary data on past and current-used agricultural pesticides and assessed their environmental occurrence, related knowledge, attitude and practice, human exposure, and environmental or public health risks between 2006 and 2021. We identified 391 articles covering 469 study sites in 37 countries in SSA. Five geographical research hotspots were identified: two in South Africa, two in East Africa, and one in West Africa. Despite its ban for agricultural use, organochlorine was the most studied pesticide group (60%; 86% of studies included DDT). Current-used pesticides in agriculture were studied in 54% of the study sites (including insecticides (92%), herbicides (44%), and fungicides (35%)). Environmental samples were collected in 67% of the studies (e.g., water, aquatic species, sediment, agricultural produce, and air). In 38% of the studies, human subjects were investigated. Only few studies had a longitudinal design or assessed pesticide's environmental risks; human biomarkers; dose-response in human subjects, including children and women; and interventions to reduce pesticide exposure. We established a research database that can help stakeholders to address research gaps, foster research collaboration between environmental and health dimensions, and work towards sustainable and safe agriculture systems in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fuhrimann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.V.); (S.C.-M.); (M.R.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Chenjie Wan
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Elodie Blouzard
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Adriana Veludo
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.V.); (S.C.-M.); (M.R.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zelda Holtman
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7729, South Africa; (Z.H.); (M.A.D.); (H.-A.R.)
- Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7729, South Africa
| | - Shala Chetty-Mhlanga
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.V.); (S.C.-M.); (M.R.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7729, South Africa; (Z.H.); (M.A.D.); (H.-A.R.)
| | - Aggrey Atuhaire
- Uganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health (UNACOH), Kampala 12590, Uganda;
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.V.); (S.C.-M.); (M.R.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hanna-Andrea Rother
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7729, South Africa; (Z.H.); (M.A.D.); (H.-A.R.)
- Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7729, South Africa
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22
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Douny C, Zoumenou YMBG, Aïna M, Toko II, Igout A, Guedegba L, Chabi SK, Kestemont P, Scippo ML. Contamination of Water, Sediment and Fish with Residues of Pesticides Used in Cotton Production in Northern Benin. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:367-385. [PMID: 34518919 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In Northern Benin, insecticides are used for cotton production. These insecticides can be easily transferred to water ponds close to cotton fields. To monitor insecticides levels in water, sediments and fish samples from water ponds, a GC-MS analytical method was developed to detect residues of endosulfan, DDT and its parent compounds, isomers of HCH, pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos. In addition, the influence of storage conditions of water sample on pesticides determination performance has been studied. The limits of quantification were between 0.16 and 0.32 µg/L in water, 0.5 and 1 μg/kg in sediment and 1 and 2 μg/kg in fish. Twenty samples of water, twenty of sediments and forty of fish were taken in four different water reservoirs at five different times. Alpha-endosulfan, lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin were identified in sediment while p,p'-DDE, α- and β-HCH, chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin were detected in fish. Only organochlorines were determined in water because of the lack of recovery of pyrethroids from water stored in glass. Concentrations of insecticide residues in sediment for all water ponds ranged from non-detected to 101 µg/kg and from non-detected to 36 µg/kg in fish. Preliminary risk assessment for consumers of the North of Benin showed that the Estimated Daily Intakes were lower than the Acceptable Daily Intakes and Acute Reference Doses for all consumers. However, as one fish can be contaminated by five pesticide residues at the same time, it is not possible to exclude a risk for the consumer due to his exposure to mixtures of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Douny
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Science, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Y M Berny's G Zoumenou
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Science, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l'Eau, Ecole Polytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Godomey, Benin
| | - Martin Aïna
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l'Eau, Ecole Polytechnique d'Abomey-Calavi, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Godomey, Benin
| | - Ibrahim Imorou Toko
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Aquaculture et Écotoxicologie Aquatique (LaRAEAq), Faculté d'Agronomie, Université de Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Ahmed Igout
- Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Léa Guedegba
- Unit of Research in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Sika K Chabi
- Laboratoire de Contrôle et de Sécurité Sanitaire Des Aliments (LCSSA), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Unit of Research in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Science, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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23
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE, Matarrita J, Herrero-Nogareda L, Pérez-Rojas G, Alpízar-Marín M, Chinchilla-Soto C, Pérez-Villanueva M, Vega-Méndez D, Masís-Mora M, Cedergreen N, Carazo-Rojas E. Environmental monitoring and risk assessment in a tropical Costa Rican catchment under the influence of melon and watermelon crop pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117498. [PMID: 34261216 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A monitoring network was established in streams within a catchment near the Costa Rican Pacific coast (2008-2011) to estimate the impact of pesticides in surface water (84 samples) and sediments (84 samples) in areas under the influence of melon and watermelon production. A total of 66 (water) and 47 (sediment) pesticides were analyzed, and an environmental risk assessment (ERA) was performed for four taxa (algae, Daphnia magna, fish and Chironomus riparius). One fungicide and seven insecticides were detected in water and/or sediment; the fungicide azoxystrobin (water) and the insecticide cypermethrin (sediments) were the most frequently detected pesticides. The insecticides endosulfan (5.76 μg/L) and cypermethrin (301 μg/kg) presented the highest concentrations in water and sediment, respectively. The ERA revealed acute risk in half of the sampling points of the melon-influenced area and in every sampling point from the watermelon-influenced area. Safety levels were exceeded within and around the crop fields, suggesting that agrochemical contamination was distributed along the catchment, with potential influence of nearby crops. Acute risk was caused by the insecticides chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and endosulfan to D. magna, fish and C. riparius; the latter was the organism with the overall highest/continuous risk. High chronic risk was determined in all but one sampling point, and revealed a higher number of pesticides of concern. Cypermethrin was the only pesticide to pose chronic risk for all benchmark organisms. The results provide new information on the risk that tropical crops pose to aquatic ecosystems, and highlight the importance of including the analysis of sediment concentrations and chronic exposure in ERA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessie Matarrita
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Laia Herrero-Nogareda
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Greivin Pérez-Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Melvin Alpízar-Marín
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Cristina Chinchilla-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marta Pérez-Villanueva
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Dayana Vega-Méndez
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mario Masís-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Nina Cedergreen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth Carazo-Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
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24
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Wang T, Zhong M, Lu M, Xu D, Xue Y, Huang J, Blaney L, Yu G. Occurrence, spatiotemporal distribution, and risk assessment of current-use pesticides in surface water: A case study near Taihu Lake, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146826. [PMID: 33839661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study involved the monitoring and risk assessment of current-use pesticides in surface water from the northwestern section of the Taihu Lake Basin (China) in 2019. In particular, 114 current-use pesticides were measured in samples collected during four campaigns spread across the wet, dry, and normal seasons. Pesticide concentrations were measured by means of a novel analytical method involving online solid-phase extraction coupled to LC-MS/MS. In total, 1 plant growth regulator, 34 herbicides, 23 insecticides, and 25 fungicides were detected. Detection frequencies greater than 90% were recorded for 26 pesticides; furthermore, acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, bentazone, carbendazim, isoprothiolane, metolachlor, paclobutrazol, and triadimenol were present in every sample. The measured pesticide concentrations varied widely, from below the detection limit to 10,600 ng/L (tricyclazole). The highest median concentrations for the fungicide, herbicide, and insecticide families were observed for carbendazim (135 ng/L), metolachlor (40 ng/L), and imidacloprid (31 ng/L), respectively. Twenty-two pesticides were quantitatively reported in Chinese surface water for the first time. The number and concentration of detected pesticides were significantly higher in June and September (wet season) compared to March and December (dry season). Agricultural areas of the study area were more contaminated than the residential and industrial sections. Imidacloprid was the only pesticide that exhibited high risk to sensitive ecological species (RQmedian > 1) in all four seasons. Isoproturon, isoprothiolane, and pretilachlor were identified as high risk in March (RQmedian = 4.5), September (1.3), and June (1.1), respectively; moreover, another eight pesticides posed a high ecological risk at specific sites. Seven pesticides recorded moderate risks (i.e., RQmedian = 0.1-1.0). Of the 18 pesticides with cases of high risk, a novel risk index, which accounted for frequency of PNEC exceedance, ranged from 6.7 (imidacloprid) to 7.1 × 10-5 (propiconazole). The integrated consideration of ecological risk and frequency of risk inform priorities for regional pesticide management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tielong Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhong
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meiling Lu
- Agilent Technologies (China) Co. Limited, China
| | - Dongjiong Xu
- Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Yingang Xue
- Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou 213001, China; School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Jun Huang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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25
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Egbuna C, Amadi CN, Patrick-Iwuanyanwu KC, Ezzat SM, Awuchi CG, Ugonwa PO, Orisakwe OE. Emerging pollutants in Nigeria: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:103638. [PMID: 33757839 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pollutants represent a group of synthetic or naturally occurring compounds that are not normally monitored within the environment but can enter into the environment and cause different adverse ecological and health effects. This systematic review identified the various emerging pollutants in Nigeria. The following databases, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and African Journals OnLine (AJOL) were searched to identify studies on pollutants of emerging concerns in Nigeria. A total of 933 articles were identified out of which 30 articles were selected to be eligible for the study. Over 250 emerging pollutants were identified and divided into 9 major groups which are personal care products, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, mycotoxins, radionuclides and electromagnetic radiations (Gamma radiation) and other pollutants of emerging concerns such as microbes, microplastics, and particulate matter. These pollutants are found in water bodies and underground waters, soils and sediments, biological systems, and ambient air at different concentrations with seasonal variations. Some of these pollutants act as endocrine disruptors, β-adrenergic receptors agonist blockers, oxidative stress inducers and can cause genetic alterations in DNA and epigenetic reprogramming through global DNA methylation, gene-specific CpG methylation and microRNA expression. Emerging pollutants of public health concern in Nigeria are on the increase and are threat to both ecological and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuebuka Egbuna
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Campus, Anambra State -431124, Nigeria
| | - Cecilia N Amadi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley C Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
| | | | - Peter Okechukwu Ugonwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Campus, Anambra State -431124, Nigeria
| | - Orish E Orisakwe
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port-Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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26
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Distribution of organochlorine pesticide pollution in water, sediment, mollusk, and fish at Saguling Dam, West Java, Indonesia. Toxicol Res 2021; 38:149-157. [PMID: 35419272 PMCID: PMC8960551 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-021-00094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the distribution of organochlorine pesticide pollution in water, sediments, mollusks, and fish at Saguling Dam as baseline data of organochlorine pollution. Samples were obtained from 12 locations, with 9 and 3 sampling points inside and outside the dam, respectively. Measurement of organochlorine residues was carried out using methods of extraction, purification, evaporation, and gas chromatography. Results showed the presence of several types of organochlorine compounds, namely, lindane, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and endosulfan. Aldrin was dominant in water (2-37 μg/L) and sediments (2-1438 μg/L), while DDT and heptachlor were dominant organochlorine compounds in mollusks (13-2758 µg/L) and fish (11-104 μg/L), respectively. Sediments demonstrated higher organochlorine concentrations than water, mollusk, and fish. The distribution of organochlorine was affected by land use around the Citarum watershed and pollutant input from tributaries.
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27
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Abstract
The Ganga basin includes some of the most densely populated areas in the world, in a region characterized by extremely high demographic and economic growth rates. Although anthropogenic pressure in this area is increasing, the pollution status of the Ganga is still poorly studied and understood. In the light of this, we have carried out a systematic literature review of the sources, levels and spatiotemporal distribution of organic pollutants in surface water and sediment of the Ganga basin, including for the first time emerging contaminants (ECs). We have identified 61 publications over the past thirty years, with data on a total of 271 organic compounds, including pesticides, industrial chemicals, and by-products, artificial sweeteners, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (PPCPs). The most studied organic contaminants are pesticides, whereas knowledge of industrial compounds and PPCPs, among which some of the major ECs, is highly fragmentary. Most studies focus on the main channel of the Ganga, the Yamuna, the Gomti, and the deltaic region, while most of the Ganga's major tributaries, and the entire southern part of the catchment, have not been investigated. Hotspots of contamination coincide with major urban agglomerations, including Delhi, Kolkata, Kanpur, Varanasi, and Patna. Pesticides levels have decreased at most of the sites over recent decades, while potentially harmful concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organotin compounds (OTCs), and some PPCPs have been detected in the last ten years. Considering the limited geographical coverage of sampling and number of analyzed compounds, this review highlights the need for a more careful selection of locations, compounds and environmental matrices, prioritizing PPCPs and catchment-scale, source-to-sink studies.
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Fuhrimann S, Klánová J, Přibylová P, Kohoutek J, Dalvie MA, Röösli M, Degrendele C. Qualitative assessment of 27 current-use pesticides in air at 20 sampling sites across Africa. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127333. [PMID: 32947666 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increasing use of current-use pesticides (CUPs) in Africa raises environmental and public health concerns. But there is a large uncertainty about their occurrence and the composition of pesticide mixtures on this continent. This paper investigates the presence of 27 CUPs in air across 20 sampling sites in Africa. 166 passive air samples, consisting of polyurethane foam (PUF), were collected in 12 African countries between 2010 and 2018. Samples were extracted with methanol and analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The detection frequencies of CUPs per site were compared to land use patterns and sampling years, while their similarities were assessed using hierarchical cluster analysis. Overall, 24 CUPs were detected at least once. In 93% of all samples, at least one CUP was detected, while 78% of the samples had mixtures of two or more CUPs (median 3, interquartile range 5). Atrazine and chlorpyrifos were detected in 19 out of 20 sampling sites. Carbaryl, metazachlor, simazine, tebuconazole and terbuthylazine had the highest detection frequencies at sampling sites dominated by croplands. Across all the sampling years, 16 CUPs were present. Seven CUPs were newly detected from 2016 onwards (azinfos-methyl, dimetachlor, chlorsulfuron, chlortoluron, isoproturon, prochloraz and pyrazon), while metamitron was only present before 2012. Sites within a radius of about 200 km showed similarities in detected CUP mixtures across all samples. Our results show the presence of CUP mixtures across multiple agricultural and urban locations in Africa which requires further investigation of related environmental and human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fuhrimann
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jana Klánová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX Centre, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX Centre, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiři Kohoutek
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX Centre, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Céline Degrendele
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX Centre, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Chen C, Zou W, Cui G, Tian J, Wang Y, Ma L. Ecological risk assessment of current-use pesticides in an aquatic system of Shanghai, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127222. [PMID: 32505951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of current-use pesticides (CUPs) in modern agriculture has threatened the survival of aquatic organisms. Therefore, the residual levels, spatial distribution, and ecological risk assessment of 18 CUPs are investigated in an aquatic system of Shanghai. The aquatic system focused on a freshwater system that contains particles smaller than 0.45 μm in size, which are easily absorbed by aquatic organisms. The mean values of chlorpyrifos, napropamide, and atrazine were found to be the highest concentration CUPs, and propazine, mevinphos, ametryn, butylate, dichlorvos, ethoprop, and prometryn displayed the most significant positive correlations with each other. The concentration of the ∑18CUPs was higher in the southern areas of Shanghai (generally greater than 100 ng/L), but it was relatively low in the central areas (generally smaller than 75 ng/L). Six important CUPs were identified, and the differences in the concentration contribution rates and contribution amounts among different intensive land-use types were noticeable. The ecological risk in most areas of this aquatic system of Shanghai was high. Chlorpyrifos and butachlor produced the maximum toxic unit (mTU) for daphnid and green algae, respectively, and their toxic unit contribution rates to the entire mixture toxicity were both greater than 50%. This confirms that the mixture toxicity of the CUPs to aquatic organisms in this aquatic system of Shanghai primarily resulted from a few dominant toxic pesticides. However, for each sensitive organism, there will still be a risk contribution of approximately 5%-30% due to other CUPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Wenbing Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Guolu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Jichen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yuncai Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Limin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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Umulisa V, Kalisa D, Skutlarek D, Reichert B. First evaluation of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) residues and other Persistence Organic Pollutants in soils of Rwanda: Nyabarongo urban versus rural wetlands. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110574. [PMID: 32311612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was the first to evaluate the occurrence, residue levels, spatial distribution and sources of DDT and other Persistence Organic Pollutants (POPs), which can be found in the Nyabarongo lower catchment (NLC) in Rwanda. These include Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endosulfan, Endrin, Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), Heptachlor, Heptachlorepoxide, Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), Isodrin, Methoxychlor, Mirex and Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A total of 108 soil samples were collected in the wetland area, both extracted and eluted with cyclohexane and analysed by GC-MS. The results indicated that DDT isomers and degradation products were major POPs and were detected in 44 samples (40%). Their detection frequency followed the order of 4,4'-DDE > 4,4' -DDT > 4,4' -DDD > 2,4' -DDT > 2,4' -DDD and 2,4' -DDE. Residues varied from non-detected (nd) to 120 μg kg-1 dry weight (dw), with a mean value of 3.93 μg kg-1 dw and a high variation (SD = 10.17 μg kg-1 dw). The degradation ratios confirmed both the historical and recent application of DDT and Dieldrin (0.53-18 μg kg-1 dw). Other detected POPs included PCBs in Kigali city which ranged from 0.1 to 0.21 μg kg-1 dw, confirming that the old contamination drifted from electric transformers. Aldrin (0.38-0.59 μg kg-1 dw); Heptachlor (0.14-0.19 μg kg-1 dw) residues probably reached the catchment through rain-washout. This study confirms that even though Rwanda banned the use of DDT and other POPs including pesticides (Aldrine, Chlordane, DDT, Dieldrine, Endrine, Heptachlor, Hexachlorobenzene, Mirex, and Toxaphene); Industrial products (Hexachlorobenzene and Polychlorobiphenyl PCBS) and unintentional sub-products, since 2002, some of above products are still used in random areas (e.g: DDT, Dieldrin). The highest residues were detected close to Lake Muhazi and areas surrounding Kigali city. This study recommends full evaluation of human health and ecological risks from exposure to DDT. Additionally, the National Implementation Plan (NIP) for the Stockholm Convention to eliminate POPs should be reinforcement through strengthening the market control and educational programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Umulisa
- Institute for Geosciences and Meteorology, Section Geology, University of Bonn, Nußallee 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Daniel Kalisa
- College of Science and Technology, The University of Rwanda, KK 737 Street, Gikondo, 4285, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Dirk Skutlarek
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Reichert
- Institute for Geosciences and Meteorology, Section Geology, University of Bonn, Nußallee 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Xu L, Granger C, Dong H, Mao Y, Duan S, Li J, Qiang Z. Occurrences of 29 pesticides in the Huangpu River, China: Highest ecological risk identified in Shanghai metropolitan area. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126411. [PMID: 32169697 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the occurrence and risk of pesticides in the Huangpu River basin, spatial and temporal concentration variations of 29 commonly used pesticides and their risk quotient (RQ) values for three different trophic organisms (fish, daphnia, green algae) from 16 sampling sites were conducted in 2018-2019. These 29 pesticides include 4 carbamates, 2 benzimidazoles, 6 neonicotinoids, 2 organophosphates, 9 triazoles, and 6 others. Of the 29 pesticides analyzed, 18 were present in every sample taken from the Huangpu River. The concentration of target pesticides in water samples ranged from < LOQ (for buprofezin in summer, autumn, and winter) to 607.30 ng L-1 (for carbendazim in spring). From the source (i.e., Taihu Lake) to the estuary of the Huangpu River, with the exception of isocarbophos and isoprothiolane (gradual decrease), the spatial variation of target pesticide concentrations firstly exhibited an increasing trend and then a decreasing trend. Peak spatial variation was seen in metropolitan area, which is closely related to the type of land use and the discharge of tributaries. In addition, the total summed concentration of the 29 pesticides during winter (1037.60 ng L-1) was higher than summer (788.82 ng L-1) in rural and metropolitan areas. For the ecological risk assessments of fish, daphnia, and green algae, the triazoles, carbamates, neonicotinoids were risk-dominant pesticides, respectively. Notably, carbendazim had a 100% detection frequency and the highest concentration of the 29 pesticides analyzed, indicating its high consumption in the Huangpu River basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Caroline Granger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yuanxiang Mao
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shule Duan
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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K'oreje KO, Okoth M, Van Langenhove H, Demeestere K. Occurrence and treatment of contaminants of emerging concern in the African aquatic environment: Literature review and a look ahead. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 254:109752. [PMID: 31733478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Awareness about the rising detection and reported (eco)toxicological effects of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs, e.g. pharmaceuticals and personal care products - PPCPs - and modern pesticides) in the aquatic environment is growing. CECs are increasingly reported in the African aquatic environment, although the amount of data available is still limited. In this work, a comprehensive review is presented on the occurrence of CECs in wastewater, sludge, surface water, sediment, groundwater and drinking water of Africa. Further attention is given to the performance of wastewater stabilization ponds (WSPs) and trickling filters (TF) with respect to CECs removal. For the first time, we also look at the state of knowledge on the performance of point-of-use technologies (POUs) regarding the removal of CECs in drinking water. Generally, CECs in Africa occur at the same order of magnitude as in the Western world. However, for particular groups of compounds and at specific locations such as informal settlements, clearly higher concentrations are reported in Africa. Whereas antiretroviral and antimalarial drugs are rarely detected in the Western world, occurrence patterns in Africa reveal concentrations up to >100 μg L-1. Removal efficiencies of WSPs and TFs focus mainly on PPCPs and vary significantly, ranging from no removal (e.g. carbamazepine) to better than 99.9% (e.g. paracetamol). Despite the rising adoption of POUs, limited but promising information is available on their performance regarding CECs treatment in drinking water, particularly for the low-cost devices (e.g. ceramic filters and solar disinfection - SODIS) being adopted in Africa and other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Otieno K'oreje
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium; Water Resources Authority (WRA), P.O. Box 45250, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya.
| | - Maurice Okoth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Kenya Methodist University, P.O. Box 267-60200, Meru, Kenya.
| | - Herman Van Langenhove
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Tokatlı C. Pesticide accumulations in water and sediment of dam lakes located in Thrace part of Marmara Region (Turkey). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3153/ar20011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Olisah C, Adeniji AO, Okoh OO, Okoh AI. Occurrence and risk evaluation of organochlorine contaminants in surface water along the course of Swartkops and Sundays River Estuaries, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2777-2801. [PMID: 31177475 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine contaminants were analysed in surface water from Sundays (SDE) and Swartkops Estuaries (SWE), Eastern Cape Province, which is among the largest estuaries in South Africa. The concentration of Σ18OCPs ranged from 16.7 to 249.2 ng/L in autumn, 19.9-81.4 ng/L in winter, 43.6-126.8 ng/L in spring and 68.3-199.9 ng/L in summer for SDE, whereas in SWE, the values varied from 20.9 to 259.7 ng/L in autumn, 58.9-263.9 ng/L in winter, 3.2-183.6 ng/L in spring and 118.0-188.9 ng/L in summer. Among all OCPs, α-HCH, β-HCH, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, endrin, dieldrin and endrin aldehyde were predominant in surface water samples from SDE and SWE. Furthermore, the mean concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ranged from 126.7 ng/L in winter to 151.0 ng/L in spring for SDE and 249.0 ng/L in spring to 727.6 ng/L in winter for SWE. Tri- and tetra-PCBs dominated the PCB homologue profile. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the study sites into three regions from least polluted to most polluted, indicated that SWE is more polluted compared to SDE, probably due to the influx of agricultural and industrial effluents. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that the water from both estuaries is not safe for drinking, although suitable for bathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Olisah
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Alice, 5700, South Africa.
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
| | - Abiodun O Adeniji
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Alice, 5700, South Africa
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Omobola O Okoh
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Alice, 5700, South Africa
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Alice, 5700, South Africa
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
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Barizon RRM, Figueiredo RDO, de Souza Dutra DRC, Regitano JB, Ferracini VL. Pesticides in the surface waters of the Camanducaia River watershed, Brazil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 55:283-292. [PMID: 31778093 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1693835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Camanducaia River is part of the Piracicaba watershed responsible for pumping water into the Cantareira System, which is one of the main water sources for the metropolis of São Paulo and Campinas, Brazil. Intensive use of pesticides and hilly topography represents a situation of high risk for river water contamination. Therefore, water samples from 12 locations were collected along the Camanducaia River and its tributaries, over a period of 4 mo during the rainy season, and analyzed by GC-MS/MS or UPLC- MS/MS for the presence of 46 pesticides. Seven pesticides (fipronil, methyl parathion, metolachlor, atrazine, carbofuran, diuron, and simazine) were positively detected. Only atrazine (the most frequently detected) and diuron were present at concentrations above the limit of quantification of the analytical method (0.32 and 0.57 μg L-1 for atrazine and diuron, respectively). Pesticides detection frequency was higher than expected for a river system where only 11.8% of the land area is under agriculture. The vulnerability of the Camanducaia basin to pesticide contamination is attributed to the high annual precipitation (> 1.5 m y-1 in the headwaters), associated with topographical features (steep terrain) and soil types that favor surface runoff, which has been exacerbated by poor soil management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson R M Barizon
- Research and Development Department, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vera Lúcia Ferracini
- Research and Development Department, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ogbeide O, Uhunamure G, Uwagboe L, Osakpamwan T, Glory M, Chukwuka A. Comparative gill and liver pathology of Tilapia zilli, Clarias gariepinus and Neochanna diversus in owan river (Nigeria): Relative ecological risks of species in a pesticide-impacted river. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:1-13. [PMID: 31200248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The dissimilar ecological behavior of species including, extent of mobility and feeding strategies, may predispose them to greater toxic effects. This hypothesis was tested by histological-based assessment of gills and liver of pelagic (Tilapia zilli) and benthic (Clarias gariepinus and Neochanna diversus) fish species of River Owan. The fish species were sampled monthly across seasons from river sites where they were observed to be most abundant. The pathologies were examined from light micrographs, and severity was evaluated by semi-quantitative analyses. Gill pathology of Tilapiazilli showed a moderate occurrence of shortened secondary lamellae, compared with Clarias gariepinus and Neochanna diversus which showed a high incidence of very distinct structural disruptions including epithelial lifting, collapsed secondary lamella structure due to pilaster disruption. Although hepatocellular damage, fibrotic biliary disruptions and parasite incidence were the most evident pathological features in liver of all species, parasite variety and lesion severity differed across species. Principal component analysis (PCA) associated benthic species with more severe gills and liver pathologies, indicating that, benthic species in the Owan riverscape were more at risks compared to pelagic species. As such, we successfully demonstrate that relative ecological risks and potential adverse health effects on fish species could be dependent on ecological behavior and preferences. Conservation efforts particularly for endangered species could be better developed if relative risks and vulnerability of species are understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozekeke Ogbeide
- Ecotoxicology Unit, Department of Entomology and Zoology, Afromountane Unit, University of the Free State, Qwa Qwa, Free State, South Africa; Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Grace Uhunamure
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Lancelot Uwagboe
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Tray Osakpamwan
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Mfon Glory
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Azubuike Chukwuka
- Department of Environmental Quality Control (EQC), Conservation Unit, National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Nigeria.
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Kunene PN, Mahlambi PN. Development and application of SPE-LC-PDA method for the determination of triazines in water and liquid sludge samples. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 249:109415. [PMID: 31445375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The solid phase extraction method has been developed and applied for the simultaneous analysis of the five most commonly used triazine pesticides. The analysis was conducted using a liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector, which was first optimized to improve the limit of quantification and detection. The extraction parameters (conditioning solvent and sample volume) that affect the recovery of the analytes for solid phase extraction were optimized. The recoveries obtained were between 107 and 111%. The limit of detection ranged between 0.668 and 1.16 μg/L and the limit of quantification ranged between 2.01 and 3.54 μg/L. Good precision with a relative standard deviation of less than 8% in all compounds was achieved. The developed and validated method was then applied to river water, wastewater and sludge samples from around KwaZulu-Natal. The quantified concentrations ranged from 8.35 to 2820 μg/L, 2.41-48.7 μg/L and 3.20-65.0 μg/L in sludge, wastewater, and river water respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philisiwe N Kunene
- Department of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu Natal, PBag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Precious N Mahlambi
- Department of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu Natal, PBag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
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Ogbeide O, Uhunamure G, Okundaye F, Ejeomo C. First report on probabilistic risk assessment of pesticide residues in a riverine ecosystem in South-South Nigeria. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 231:546-561. [PMID: 31151015 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the ecological and human health risk associated with concentrations of legacy organochlorine pesticide residues in Ikpoba River, a major River in the heart of Benin City, a Nigerian urban town located in Edo State. Standard methods were used to collect, extract and analyze samples, while risk assessment was carried out using standard models and indices. Results showed varying pesticide concentrations in both sediment and water samples with α-HCH (0.24 ± 0.11 μg L-l), predominant in water, whereas dieldrin (0.99 ± 0.33 μg kg-l) was the highest concentration in sediment. Compared to the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), this study concentrations of pesticides in sediments were below the values of effect range medium, effect range low, probable effect level and threshold effects level, suggesting low environmental hazard to benthic organisms. However, on exposure to contaminated sediments, probabilistic ecological risk assessment using Monte Carlo techniques showed potential risk to algae, daphnid and fish. Human health risk estimates using dermal and ingestion exposure deterministic and probabilistic routes revealed a potential risk to adults and children exposed to contaminated water and sediment. Estimates for detected pesticides exceeded the threshold level, indicating potential cancer effects for both children and adults who rely on the resources of the river. This study highlights the need for concerted efforts to curb the threat of pesticides and other contaminants in the aquatic environment by all relevant stakeholders in Nigeria and Africa as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozekeke Ogbeide
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State. (Qwa Qwa campus), Free State, South Africa; Afromountane Research Unit (ARU) University of the Free State. (Qwa Qwa campus), Free State, South Africa; Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology. Faculty of Life Sciences. University of Benin. Benin City, Nigeria.
| | - Grace Uhunamure
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology. Faculty of Life Sciences. University of Benin. Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Fabulous Okundaye
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology. Faculty of Life Sciences. University of Benin. Benin City, Nigeria
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Chukwuka A, Ogbeide O, Uhunamure G. Gonad pathology and intersex severity in pelagic (Tilapia zilli) and benthic (Neochanna diversus and Clarias gariepinus) species from a pesticide-impacted agrarian catchment, south-south Nigeria. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:535-547. [PMID: 30901648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are distributed to different degrees in surface water and sediment, thus, risks of toxicity and adverse impacts to physiology of resident species could be determined by their microhabitat (sub-habitat) associations, either water column or sediment. River Owan receives pesticide input from diffuse sources from adjacent farmlands. Surface water, sediment and fish samples [(Pelagic: Tilapia zilli (n = 92) and benthic: Neochanna diversus (n = 59), Clarias gariepinus (n = 68) were collected within the catchment area across seasons for 18-months (August 2016-January 2018) and measured for pesticide levels. Testicular and Ovarian tissue samples across the three species were also examined for pathological alterations. Individual pesticide concentrations in surface water and sediment exceeded international allowable limits, while concentration of pesticide residues in tissues of benthic species was higher compared to pelagic fish. Histopathological assessment revealed a higher incidence of ovarian disruption including atretic follicles, intersex and disorganization of ovarian structure in benthic (bottom-dwelling) fish (C. gariepinus and N. diversus) compared to pelagic (water-column) fish (T. zilli). Males benthic fish species also recorded more severe anomalies, compared to pelagic fish. The damages and anomalies observed in ovarian and testicular tissue indicate chronic responses to pollutant exposure, and implicates the elevation of pesticide concentrations in surface water and sediment above permissible limits. The higher incidence of anomalies recorded for benthic species compared to pelagic species, indicates greater risks of reproductive disruption and could be associated with the microhabitat preferences (water-column or sediment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Azubuike Chukwuka
- Department of Environmental Quality Control (EQC), Conservation Unit, National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Nigeria.
| | - Ozekeke Ogbeide
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ecotoxicology Unit, Department of Entomology and Zoology, University of the Free State, Qwa Qwa, Free State, South Africa
| | - Grace Uhunamure
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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40
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Taiwo AM. A review of environmental and health effects of organochlorine pesticide residues in Africa. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:1126-1140. [PMID: 33395800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are generally categorized as chlorinated cyclodienes, chlorodiphenylethanes, chlorinated benzenes and cyclohexanes. The presence of OCP residues in foodstuffs, water, soil, sediments, blood serum and air has generated a surge of global interest. This is due to their severe environmental and health ill-effects. OCPs are characteristically described as persistent and bio-accumulating substances prone to long-range transportation. The aim of this present study is to assess the environmental and health risks associated with OCP residues. Published works on OCPs in surface water, sediments and fish samples were reviewed. Possible non-carcinogenic (Hazard Quotient, HQ and Hazard Index, HI) and carcinogenic (Cancer Risk, CR) health effects of OCPs were assessed in fish samples. High concentrations of OCP residues were determined in environmental samples from African countries. The non-carcinogenic health assessment of OCPs in most fish samples from Nigeria revealed HI values greater than 1.0 establishing their adverse effects. The CR data of OCPs in fish samples also showed values higher than the permissible standard of 1.0 × 10-4 indicating possible development of cancer through fish consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Matthew Taiwo
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB, 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
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41
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Bai Y, Ruan X, van der Hoek JP. Residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in aquatic environment and risk assessment along Shaying River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:2525-2538. [PMID: 29748733 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are pesticides with global scale ubiquity, persistence and bioaccumulation, which leave long-term residuals in the water body. OCPs' high toxicity poses significant threats to human health and aquatic biodiversity, making assessment of OCPs' impact on aquatic ecology and human health urgently necessary. In this research, the presence of 16 OCPs in surface water and groundwater along Shaying River, China, as well as OCPs concentration correlations, was investigated at 24 selected sampling sites. At the same time, the ecological risk and human carcinogenic risk were also analyzed by risk quotient method and USEPA's Risk Assessment Guidance, respectively. Results showed that the total concentration of OCPs ranged from 21.0 to 61.4 ng L-1 in groundwater, and 12.3-77.5 ng L-1 in surface water. Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and heptachlor were the prominent contaminants in groundwater, which indicated their use in the recent past and confirmed their persistence. The α-HCH/γ-HCH ratios in groundwater confirmed that γ-HCH (lindane) was used as main substitute of technical HCH in the study area. The correlation analysis illustrated that δ-HCH and γ-HCH played a dominant role in HCHs residue. Heptachlor and α-HCH, as well as endosulfan and heptachlor epoxide, had a strongly significant positive correlation, suggesting an associated usage of the two pair OCPs. An extremely high ecological risk for aquatic organism was observed for γ-HCH, heptachlor and dieldrin, while the carcinogenic risks posed by the selected OCPs in surface water and groundwater were all acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Surfacial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaohong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Surfacial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - J P van der Hoek
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg1, 2628CN, Delft, The Netherlands
- Strategic Centre, Waternet, Korte Ouderkerkerdijk 7, 1096AC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mondal R, Mukherjee A, Biswas S, Kole RK. GC-MS/MS determination and ecological risk assessment of pesticides in aquatic system: A case study in Hooghly River basin in West Bengal, India. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 206:217-230. [PMID: 29751247 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) for water and modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for sediment combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) detection in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was standardized for determination of 31 pesticides. Performance characteristics for the selected pesticides were acceptable according to European Commission's (EC) guidelines for method validation (recovery 70-120%, RSD <20% and R2 value ≥ 0.99). River, pond and tubewell water and river sediment samples (64 nos.) were collected from Hooghly River basin in West Bengal, India during 2014-2016. About 42% of the samples showed the presence of 19 pesticides with the highest loading of total pesticides (T-pesticides) in river water (3.01 ng mL-1) followed by sediment (1.25 ng g-1), pond (0.40 ng mL-1) and tubewell (0.02 ng mL-1) water. The non-agricultural OC (organochlorine) insecticides were detected in all river water and sediment samples mainly due to HCHs (hexachlorocyclohexane) from old source and fresh use of DDTs (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) in local areas. No OC insecticides were detected in pond and tubewell water. Maximum residues of some recommended pesticides in agriculture were obtained in pond water. Most of the river water samples (93.7%) were in excess of EC limit (0.50 ng mL-1) of T-pesticides for drinking followed by pond water samples (56.2%). Tubewell water samples were free from T-pesticide threat but exceeded the EC limit (0.10 ng mL-1) for single pesticide in case of chlorpyrifos only. Ecological risk on aquatic animals was observed for OCs in river and chlorpyrifos in pond aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mondal
- Department of Agricultural Chemicals, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayan Mukherjee
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture, Palli-Siksha Bhavana, Visva Bharati, Sriniketan-731236, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - Subrata Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Ramen Kumar Kole
- Department of Agricultural Chemicals, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
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Ogbeide O, Chukwuka A, Tongo I, Ezemonye L. Relationship between geosorbent properties and field-based partition coefficients for pesticides in surface water and sediments of selected agrarian catchments: Implications for risk assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 217:23-37. [PMID: 29579538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies on pesticide behavior, adsorption-likelihood, and bioavailability vis-a-vis geosorbent properties and seasons, are critical for understanding pesticide-fate and risks in pesticide-prone environments. We examined the relationship between geosorbent profiles of sediments (percentage sand, silt, clay, organic carbon content) across seasons and occurrence of pesticide residues in surface water and sediment of agricultural catchments at Owan, Ogbesse and Illushi communities of Edo State, Nigeria. Pesticide concentrations were measured monthly in samples of surface water and sediments across the selected sites for 18-months. Pesticide behavior and sorption-likelihoods were examined using partition coefficients Kd (sediment-water coefficient), Koc (sediment-water coefficient normalized for organic carbon) and Log Kow (octane-water coefficient); the relationship between Kd and Koc was also examined. Results of the principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that pesticide levels in sediment and surface water were positively associated with the rainy season, total organic content (TOC), percentage silt and clay in sediment. Field-derived pesticide partition coefficients (Kd < 100 and log Koc < 3) indicated that pesticide species were largely mobile and less likely to be retained in sediments by adsorption. As such, pesticides irrespective of solubility would end up in surface water, increasing risks for pelagic biota and humans sourcing river water for domestic use. Values of Log Kow indicate that organochlorines including DDT, dieldrin, endrin and heptachlor epoxide portend significant bioaccumulation risks to humans and biota across sites. The relationship between Kd and Koc for each site fitted into a quadratic model; it depicted a biphasic behavior of pesticide adsorption and desorption to sediments revealing that concentration of organic carbon across study sites was a limiting factor determining the extent of pesticide adsorption. This study demonstrates that understanding pesticide mobility using field-based partition coefficients could give a clearer picture of pesticide risks to biota and human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozekeke Ogbeide
- Ecotoxicology Unit, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Qwa Qwa Campus, Free State, South Africa; Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Azubuike Chukwuka
- Environmental Quality Control (EQC) Department, Conservation Unit, National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Isioma Tongo
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence Ezemonye
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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Rodrigues ET, Alpendurada MF, Ramos F, Pardal MÂ. Environmental and human health risk indicators for agricultural pesticides in estuaries. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 150:224-231. [PMID: 29288903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to contribute to a better assessment of pesticide environmental and human health (here evaluated in the context of human exposure via food items) risks for the estuarine system by comprehensively studying the spatial and temporal occurrence of the pesticides atrazine, azoxystrobin, bentazon, λ-cyhalothrin, penoxsulam and terbuthylazine in the River Mondego estuary (Portugal). Pesticide quantification was performed in surface water, sediment, macroalgae (Ulva spp., Gracilaria gracilis, Fucus vesiculosus), aquatic plants (Zostera noltii, Spartina maritime, Scirpus maritimus) and bivalves (Scrobicularia plana). Since intense precipitation could promote the runoff of pesticides from the surrounding agricultural fields, a single long-duration flood event was also studied in this estuarine system. Under normal flow conditions, quantified concentrations were determined mostly during summer in agreement with the pesticide application period. Azoxystrobin presented the highest detection frequency and atrazine (an herbicide used globally but banned in the EU) presented the second highest frequency, thus highlighting the need to include legacy pesticides in monitoring programmes. Pesticide concentrations in surface water determined in the present study suggest low risk to estuarine organisms. However, all the pesticides were bioaccumulated by S. plana, leading us to consider that pesticides may not only cause adverse effects on the aquatic organism itself, but should also be an alert for human exposure, for this is an edible species and is considered of economic interest. Concern is also expressed about edible seaweeds, since s-triazine pesticides were found in Ulva spp. and G. gracilis. Acknowledging these concerns, developing and establishing allowable pesticide safety values for edible seaweeds and bivalves is recommended, as well as monitoring bivalve pesticide levels, using the whole animal, as a human health exposure indicator for estuarine systems. During the studied flood event, it appears that no serious pesticide contamination has occurred in the River Mondego estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Teresa Rodrigues
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Fátima Alpendurada
- Water Institute of the Northern Region, Rua Dr. Eduardo Torres 229, 4450-113 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Health Sciences Campus, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Ângelo Pardal
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Stremel TRDO, Domingues CE, Zittel R, Silva CP, Weinert PL, Monteiro FC, Campos SX. Development, validation and matrix effect of a QuEChERS method for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in fish tissue. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:246-254. [PMID: 29278983 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1410414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to develop and validate a method to determine OCPs in fish tissues, minimizing the consumption of sample and reagents, by using a modified QuEChERS along with ultrasound, d-SPE and gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD), refraining the pooling. Different factorial designs were employed to optimize the sample preparation phase. The validation method presented a recovery of around 77.3% and 110.8%, with RSD lower than 13% and the detection limits were between 0.24 and 2.88 μgkg-1, revealing good sensitiveness and accuracy. The method was satisfactorily applied to the analysis of tissues from different species of fish and OCPs residues were detected. The proposed method was shown effective to determine OCPs low concentrations in fish tissues, using small sample mass (0.5 g), making the sample analyses viable without the need for grouping (pool).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana R De O Stremel
- a Department of Chemistry , Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Cinthia E Domingues
- a Department of Chemistry , Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Rosimara Zittel
- a Department of Chemistry , Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Cleber P Silva
- a Department of Chemistry , Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Patricia L Weinert
- b Department of Chemistry , Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Franciele C Monteiro
- c Department of Chemistry , Graduate Program in Chemistry, Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
| | - Sandro X Campos
- a Department of Chemistry , Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), Ponta Grossa State University (UEPG) , Ponta Grossa , Paraná , Brazil
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Sousa JCG, Ribeiro AR, Barbosa MO, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT. A review on environmental monitoring of water organic pollutants identified by EU guidelines. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:146-162. [PMID: 29674092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of fresh water is a global concern. The huge impact of natural and anthropogenic organic substances that are constantly released into the environment, demands a better knowledge of the chemical status of Earth's surface water. Water quality monitoring studies have been performed targeting different substances and/or classes of substances, in different regions of the world, using different types of sampling strategies and campaigns. This review article aims to gather the available dispersed information regarding the occurrence of priority substances (PSs) and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that must be monitored in Europe in surface water, according to the European Union Directive 2013/39/EU and the Watch List of Decision 2015/495/EU, respectively. Other specific organic pollutants not considered in these EU documents as substances of high concern, but with reported elevated frequency of detection at high concentrations, are also discussed. The search comprised worldwide publications from 2012, considering at least one of the following criteria: 4 sampling campaigns per year, wet and dry seasons, temporal and/or spatial monitoring of surface (river, estuarine, lake and/or coastal waters) and ground waters. The highest concentrations were found for: (i) the PSs atrazine, alachlor, trifluralin, heptachlor, hexachlorocyclohexane, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate; (ii) the CECs azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, diclofenac, 17α-ethinylestradiol, imidacloprid and 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate; and (iii) other unregulated organic compounds (caffeine, naproxen, metolachlor, estriol, dimethoate, terbuthylazine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, ketoprofen, atenolol, Bisphenol A, metoprolol, carbofuran, malathion, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine and ofloxacin). Most frequent substances as well as those found at highest concentrations in different seasons and regions, together with available risk assessment data, may be useful to identify possible future PS candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C G Sousa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marta O Barbosa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Fernando R Pereira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Da C, Wu K, Jin J, Yu M. Levels and Sources of Organochlorine Pesticides in Surface Sediment from Anhui Reach of Huaihe River, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:784-790. [PMID: 28421253 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-two organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were investigated in Anhui reach of Huaihe river, China. Seventeen out of 22 OCPs were detected by GC-MS. The mean concentrations of OCPs followed the order: HCHs > DDTs > HCB > chlordanes > endosulfans. Levels of total HCHs and total DDTs ranged from 2.54 to 13.91 ng g-1 (mean = 7.52 ng g-1) and 0.016 to 2.54 ng g-1 (mean = 0.45 ng g-1), respectively. The concentrations of DDTs were lower than those of HCHs. Compared with the other rivers in China, DDTs and HCHs were relatively lower or similar. Statistical analysis indicated that the OCPs concentration differences were not insignificant between upstream, midstream and downstream. The compound compositions suggested that historical usage of lindane and fresh DDT were the main sources. The regression analysis indicated that TOC has influence on the levels of HCHs and little influence on the levels of DDTs in the sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnian Da
- Department of Biology and Environment Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, China.
| | - Ke Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Pollution Prevention and Ecological Restoration of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Environmental Pollution Prevention and Ecological Restoration of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Minjun Yu
- BoZhou University Department of biological and chemical engineering, Hefei, Anhui, China
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48
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Niu Z, Li X, Zhang Y. Composition profiles, levels, distributions and ecological risk assessments of trihalomethanes in surface water from a typical estuary of Bohai Bay, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 117:124-130. [PMID: 28153498 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To characterize the spatiotemporal distribution and potential ecological risk for trihalomethanes (THMs) in the surface water of a river estuary, surface water samples were collected over five consecutive months (from March to July 2016) from four sites in the Haihe River estuary of Bohai Bay. The potential ecological risks of THMs were evaluated quantitatively based on a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) model. The results demonstrate that trichloromethane (TCM) was the predominant THM in surface water of the Haihe River estuary (2.93±1.98μg/L) followed by tribromomethane (TBM) (0.42±0.33μg/L), bromodichloromethane (BDCM) (0.14±0.06μg/L) and dibromochloromethane (DBCM) (0.09±0.10μg/L). The concentration of TCM was higher in summer than that in spring, while TBM displayed the opposite trend. The TCM concentration decreased from the estuary to the adjacent sea. However, the levels of TBM and DBCM in the adjacent sea were higher than those in the estuary. The ecological risks of THMs in surface water of Haihe River were notably low, and the ecological risks of THMs in freshwater were generally higher than those in seawater. Compared with other contaminants in water and surface sediment from rivers and coastal areas, the ecological risk levels of THMs in surface water can be considered low. This study is a contribution to the progress of ecological risk assessment of THMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Niu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xiaonan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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49
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Sifakis S, Androutsopoulos VP, Tsatsakis AM, Spandidos DA. Human exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals: effects on the male and female reproductive systems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 51:56-70. [PMID: 28292651 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) comprise a group of chemical compounds that have been examined extensively due to the potential harmful effects in the health of human populations. During the past decades, particular focus has been given to the harmful effects of EDCs to the reproductive system. The estimation of human exposure to EDCs can be broadly categorized into occupational and environmental exposure, and has been a major challenge due to the structural diversity of the chemicals that are derived by many different sources at doses below the limit of detection used by conventional methodologies. Animal and in vitro studies have supported the conclusion that endocrine disrupting chemicals affect the hormone dependent pathways responsible for male and female gonadal development, either through direct interaction with hormone receptors or via epigenetic and cell-cycle regulatory modes of action. In human populations, the majority of the studies point towards an association between exposure to EDCs and male and/or female reproduction system disorders, such as infertility, endometriosis, breast cancer, testicular cancer, poor sperm quality and/or function. Despite promising discoveries, a causal relationship between the reproductive disorders and exposure to specific toxicants is yet to be established, due to the complexity of the clinical protocols used, the degree of occupational or environmental exposure, the determination of the variables measured and the sample size of the subjects examined. Future studies should focus on a uniform system of examining human populations with regard to the exposure to specific EDCs and the direct effect on the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Sifakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, GR 71003, Greece
| | | | - Aristeidis M Tsatsakis
- Department of Toxicology, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, GR 71003, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Department of Clinical Virology, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, GR 71003, Greece
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50
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Cruzeiro C, Pardal MÂ, Rodrigues-Oliveira N, Castro LFC, Rocha E, Rocha MJ. Multi-matrix quantification and risk assessment of pesticides in the longest river of the Iberian peninsula. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:263-272. [PMID: 27501425 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of pesticides in dissolved aqueous phase (DAP), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and Scrobicularia plana soft tissues from the Tagus River estuary was determined to evaluate the chemicals pollution status and their hazard potential in this area. Samples were collected in 6 campaigns (December 2012-October 2013), from 3 strategical sites, and analysed via different extraction procedures followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) determination. The contamination profile among matrices (DAP, SPM, and soft tissue from bivalves (STB)) was marked by average concentrations of 345ng/L, 0.51mg/kg, and 0.02mg/kg, respectively, with several samples above the 2013/39/EU Directive of environmental quality standards (EQS); no differences were observed between sex. A wider range of pesticides was present in STB (n=53) than in SPM (n=36) and DAP (n=19) matrices. Sediment-water partition coefficient, bioaccumulation factor in both DAP and SPM fraction were estimated ranging between 2.5 and 4.4 and 0.008-2799, respectively. The spatial distribution of most pesticides and physicochemical parameters were consistent, indicating a pollution pattern primarily near the Trancão River mouth. Due to the presence of the target compounds, calculated risk quotients pointed out potential hazards for aquatic organisms, mainly to invertebrates. The estimated average daily intake, theoretical maximum daily intake, and hazard quotient of the studied pesticides-via bivalve ingestion-indicated no risk for human health, although it is important to note possible biomagnification processes that may happen along the estuarine food-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Cruzeiro
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, U.Porto-University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Group of Histomorphology, Pathophysiology and Applied Toxicology, U.Porto-University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Ângelo Pardal
- CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, UC-University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, P 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Nádia Rodrigues-Oliveira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Group of Histomorphology, Pathophysiology and Applied Toxicology, U.Porto-University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Group of Histomorphology, Pathophysiology and Applied Toxicology, U.Porto-University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, U.Porto-University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Group of Histomorphology, Pathophysiology and Applied Toxicology, U.Porto-University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Rocha
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, U.Porto-University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, P 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Group of Histomorphology, Pathophysiology and Applied Toxicology, U.Porto-University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
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