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Capuozzo A, Rizzato S, Grossi G, Strappini F. A Systematic Review on Social Cognition in ADHD: The Role of Language, Theory of Mind, and Executive Functions. Brain Sci 2024; 14:1117. [PMID: 39595880 PMCID: PMC11592136 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: In this systematic review, conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we aimed to assess differences in the cognitive processes associated with social cognition-namely language, theory of mind (ToM), and executive functions (EFs)-between ADHD and control groups. Methods: The review included studies indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO up until May 2024. Eligible original peer-reviewed articles met the following criteria: they were written in English, included a clinical group with a current primary ADHD diagnosis, were empirical, included quantitative data, and utilized standardized and validated measures with adequate psychometric properties to assess social cognitive processes. Results and Discussion: A total of 1215 individuals with ADHD participated in the selected studies. Out of the 22 articles reviewed, 17 reported significant differences between ADHD and the controls across several cognitive processes related to language and EF rather than ToM. These processes included pragmatic skills, verbal and nonverbal communication, emotional prosody, interaction skills, sarcasm, paradoxical sarcasm recognition, ambiguous situations, emotion recognition, false belief, social problem solving, social behaviors, and gesture codification. We also discuss the limitations of the research and the implications of our findings. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO ID: CRD42023474681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Capuozzo
- Italian Society of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, SITCC, Viale Antonio Gramsci, 13, 80122 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rizzato
- Dipartimento Salute Mentale, Asl Roma 4, Via Trento, 20, 62, 00062 Bracciano, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Grossi
- Center for Psychotherapy and Rehabilitation “InMovimento”, Via Andrea Doria, 19-21, 04022 Fondi, Italy;
- Association School of Cognitive Psychology (APC-SPC), Viale Castro Pretorio 116, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Strappini
- Association School of Cognitive Psychology (APC-SPC), Viale Castro Pretorio 116, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartiment of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Bullard CC, Roberts DK, Tatsuki MO, Sullivan MA, Kofler MJ, Alderson RM. Social functioning in children with ADHD: an examination of inhibition, self-control, and working memory as potential mediators. Child Neuropsychol 2024; 30:987-1009. [PMID: 38269494 PMCID: PMC11269528 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2024.2304375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience a host of social problems, in addition to significant impairments in behavioral inhibition, working memory, and self-control. Behavioral inhibition and working memory difficulties have been linked with social functioning deficits, but to date, most studies have examined these neurocognitive problems either in isolation or as an aggregate measure in relation to social problems, and none has considered the role of self-control. Thus, it remains unclear whether all of these executive functions are linked with social problems or if the link can be more parsimoniously explained by construct overlap. Fifty-eight children with ADHD and 63 typically developing (TD) children completed tests assessing self-control, behavioral inhibition, and working memory; parents and teachers rated children's social functioning. Examination of potential indirect effects with the bootstrapping procedure indicated that working memory mediated the relation between group membership (ADHD, TD) and child social functioning based on teacher but not parent ratings. Behavioral inhibition and self-control did not have direct relations with either parent- or teacher-rated social functioning. These findings point to important differences regarding how executive functioning difficulties manifest at school compared to home, as well as the specific executive function components that predict ADHD-related social difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delanie K. Roberts
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology
- Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles
| | - Miho O. Tatsuki
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology
| | | | | | - R. Matt Alderson
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Psychology
- Posthumous author
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Hocking MC, Albee MV, Kim M, Berman JI, Fisher MJ, Roberts TP, Blaskey L. Social challenges, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in youth with neurofibromatosis type I. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38864448 PMCID: PMC11635006 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2024.2365383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Youth with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) demonstrate high rates of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), which often have overlapping behaviors. Diagnostic clarity is important to guide services. This study evaluated ASD classification in NF1 using various methods and whether those with ADHD suspicion have more social challenges associated with ASD. METHOD 34 youth with NF1 (Mage = 10.5 ± 1.6 years), completed ASD assessments that combined direct observation and informant ratings to yield a Clinician Best Estimate (CBE) classification. Caregivers rated ASD-related social challenges using the Social Responsiveness Scale- 2nd Edition (SRS-2). RESULTS ASD classification varied depending on the method, ranging from 32% using low-threshold SRS-2 cut-scores (T ≥ 60) to under 6% when combining cut scores for diagnostic observational tools and stringent SRS-2 cut-scores (T ≥ 70). 14.7% had a CBE ASD classification. 44% were judged to have autism traits associated with a non-ASD diagnosis. The 52.9% with a suspicion of ADHD had higher SRS-2 scores than those without ADHD, F (7, 26) = 3.45, p < .05, Wilk's lambda = 0.518, partial eta squared = 0.482. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of rigorous diagnostic methodology when evaluating ASD in NF1 to inform the selection of targeted interventions for socialization challenges in NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Hocking
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
- Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Mina Kim
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Jeffrey I. Berman
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
- Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J. Fisher
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
- Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy P.L. Roberts
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
- Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
- Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania
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Prochnow A, Zhou X, Ghorbani F, Roessner V, Hommel B, Beste C. Event segmentation in ADHD: neglect of social information and deviant theta activity point to a mechanism underlying ADHD. Gen Psychiatr 2024; 37:e101486. [PMID: 38859926 PMCID: PMC11163598 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2023-101486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents. Although the symptoms appear to be well described, no coherent conceptual mechanistic framework integrates their occurrence and variance and the associated problems that people with ADHD face. Aims The current study proposes that altered event segmentation processes provide a novel mechanistic framework for understanding deficits in ADHD. Methods Adolescents with ADHD and neurotypically developing (NT) peers watched a short movie and were then asked to indicate the boundaries between meaningful segments of the movie. Concomitantly recorded electroencephalography (EEG) data were analysed for differences in frequency band activity and effective connectivity between brain areas. Results Compared with their NT peers, the ADHD group showed less dependence of their segmentation behaviour on social information, indicating that they did not consider social information to the same extent as their unaffected peers. This divergence was accompanied by differences in EEG theta band activity and a different effective connectivity network architecture at the source level. Specifically, NT adolescents primarily showed error signalling in and between the left and right fusiform gyri related to social information processing, which was not the case in the ADHD group. For the ADHD group, the inferior frontal cortex associated with attentional sampling served as a hub instead, indicating problems in the deployment of attentional control. Conclusions This study shows that adolescents with ADHD perceive events differently from their NT peers, in association with a different brain network architecture that reflects less adaptation to the situation and problems in attentional sampling of environmental information. The results call for a novel conceptual view of ADHD, based on event segmentation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Prochnow
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xianzhen Zhou
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Foroogh Ghorbani
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hommel
- Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Sørensen L, Adolfsdottir S, Kvadsheim E, Eichele H, Plessen KJ, Sonuga-Barke E. Suboptimal decision making and interpersonal problems in ADHD: longitudinal evidence from a laboratory task. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6535. [PMID: 38503800 PMCID: PMC10951300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Over half of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) display interpersonal and social problems. Several lines of research suggest that suboptimal decision making, the ability to adjust choices to different risk-varying options, influences poorer choices made in social interactions. We thus measured decision making and its prediction of social problems longitudinally with the Cambridge Gambling Task in children with ADHD over four years. Children with ADHD had shown suboptimal decision making driven mainly by delay aversion at baseline and we expected this to be a stabile trait which would predict greater parent-reported social problems. From the baseline assessment (n = 70), 67% participated at the follow-up assessment, 21 from the ADHD group and 26 from the typically developing group. The mean age at the follow-up was 14.5 years old. The results confirmed our expectations that suboptimal decision making was a stabile trait in children and adolescents with ADHD. Although delay aversion did not differ from controls at follow-up it still proved to be the main longitudinal predictor for greater social problems. Our findings indicate that impulsivity in social interactions may be due to a motivational deficit in youth with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sørensen
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Liesvei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway.
| | - S Adolfsdottir
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Jonas Liesvei 91, 5009, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Vision Impairments, Statped - National Service for Special Needs Education, Bergen, Norway
| | - E Kvadsheim
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Eichele
- Regional Resource Centre for Autism, ADHD and Tourette Syndrome Western Norway, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - K J Plessen
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
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Flynn LT, Bouras NN, Migovich VM, Clarin JD, Gao WJ. The "psychiatric" neuron: the psychic neuron of the cerebral cortex, revisited. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1356674. [PMID: 38562227 PMCID: PMC10982399 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1356674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Nearly 25 years ago, Dr. Patricia Goldman-Rakic published her review paper, "The 'Psychic' Neuron of the Cerebral Cortex," outlining the circuit-level dynamics, neurotransmitter systems, and behavioral correlates of pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex, particularly as they relate to working memory. In the decades since the release of this paper, the existing literature and our understanding of the pyramidal neuron have increased tremendously, and research is still underway to better characterize the role of the pyramidal neuron in both healthy and psychiatric disease states. In this review, we revisit Dr. Goldman-Rakic's characterization of the pyramidal neuron, focusing on the pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and their role in working memory. Specifically, we examine the role of PFC pyramidal neurons in the intersection of working memory and social function and describe how deficits in working memory may actually underlie the pathophysiology of social dysfunction in psychiatric disease states. We briefly describe the cortico-cortical and corticothalamic connections between the PFC and non-PFC brain regions, as well the microcircuit dynamics of the pyramidal neuron and interneurons, and the role of both these macro- and microcircuits in the maintenance of the excitatory/inhibitory balance of the cerebral cortex for working memory function. Finally, we discuss the consequences to working memory when pyramidal neurons and their circuits are dysfunctional, emphasizing the resulting social deficits in psychiatric disease states with known working memory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Taylor Flynn
- Department of Neurobiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nadia N. Bouras
- Department of Neurobiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Volodar M. Migovich
- Department of Neurobiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jacob D. Clarin
- Department of Neurobiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wen-Jun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Saban-Bezalel R, Ben-Itzchak E, Zachor DA. Friendship in Autism Spectrum Disorder Is Related to Diverse Developmental Changes Between Toddlerhood and Adolescence. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06284-8. [PMID: 38456995 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Follow-up studies of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in early childhood that focus on friendship formation during adolescence are scarce. The present study focused on exploring characteristics possibly related to the ability to establish friendships during adolescence among children diagnosed with ASD in toddlerhood. METHODS The cohort included 43 participants who underwent comprehensive assessments during toddlerhood and adolescence. Participants were divided into two groups [Friendship(+)/Friendship(-)] based on (1) adolescent social insight as assessed by professionals and (2) parental and adolescent self-reports regarding having or not having friends. No differences in IQ, ASD symptoms, or adaptive behavior during early childhood were found between the two groups. RESULTS Different and better changes in social communication, adaptive socialization, and daily living skills were observed for the Friendship(+) group. Adolescents with ASD in the Friendship(+) group exhibited greater social independence. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder incidence, anxiety symptom severity, and placement in mainstream or special education classes did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION This long-term study highlights that for children with ASD, longitudinal growth in social communication and adaptive functioning is possible, highly important for and related to the development of the complex ability to establish friendship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Saban-Bezalel
- Bruckner Center for Autism Research, Department of Communication Disorders, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Esther Ben-Itzchak
- Bruckner Center for Autism Research, Department of Communication Disorders, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ditza A Zachor
- The Autism Center/ALUT, Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, 70300, Israel
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Karadağ M, Yılmaz Saygılı G, Topal Hangül Z, Subaşı Turgut F. Does attention deficit hyperactivity disorder worsen family functioning and parenting styles? A case control study. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2024; 28:2-8. [PMID: 38014674 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2023.2283221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A bidirectional relationship between family functioning and parenting styles and Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is proposed. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of ADHD symptoms on parenting styles and the general functionality of the family as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety. METHODS 73 children with ADHD (56%) and 56 controls (43%) (a total of 129 participants, 31% female, 69% male) with a mean age of 11.3 (7-17, n: 129) were included in the study, which was conducted in Gaziantep University Hospital Child Psychiatry Department in 2022. The participants completed psychometric scales. RESULTS Parents of children with ADHD showed higher positive parenting scores than the control group (p < 0.05). Inconsistent discipline scores were substantially higher in the ADHD combined subtype (14.38 ± 5.2) than in the attention deficit dominant group (17.59 ± 3.96) In addition, a strong correlation was found between familial functionality scores and ADHD severity in the ADHD attention deficit dominant subtype (r:0.601; p:0.027) and as ADHD severity increased, family functionality decreased. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that parents of children with ADHD have different parenting styles and ADHD affects the overall functionality of the family in the Turkish sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karadağ
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Gizem Yılmaz Saygılı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Zehra Topal Hangül
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Fatma Subaşı Turgut
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medicine Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Nguyen T, Elkins SR, Curtis DF. Peer-Based Intervention for Socioemotional Concerns Among Children with ADHD. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1386-1395. [PMID: 35307775 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the potential benefits of peer-based dyadic interventions for improving the socioemotional functioning of children with ADHD. Participants included children ages 8-12 diagnosed with ADHD-combined type (n = 34) pooled from a larger randomized study comparing peer-based dyadic interventions. Self-concept and depressive symptoms were evaluated at pre- and post-treatment using single group design. Results showed significantly positive child responses to intervention for self-concept. Further, improvements in self-concept were not moderated by the type of dyadic intervention received or by treatment related changes in externalizing behaviors. The severity of reported depressive symptoms, however, did not significantly change. This suggests therapeutic interaction with peers, as demonstrated in peer-based dyadic intervention models, can improve self-concept in children with ADHD even when socioemotional concerns are not a primary target of treatment and independent of behavioral outcomes achieved. These preliminary findings support promoting prosocial peer behavior as a critical domain for ADHD intervention for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Nguyen
- Department of Clinical, Health, and Applied Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, 77058, USA.
- Department of Clinical, Health, and Applied Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, 2700 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX, 77058, USA.
| | - Sara R Elkins
- Department of Clinical, Health, and Applied Sciences, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
| | - David F Curtis
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Houston College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
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Zhang K, Yuan J, Pei X, Fu Z, Zhao Y, Hu N, Wang Y, Yang L, Cao Q. Cerebral blood flow characteristics of drug-naïve attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with social impairment: Evidence for region-symptom specificity. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1149703. [PMID: 37025372 PMCID: PMC10070692 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1149703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Social deficits are among the most important functional impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the relationship between social impairment and ADHD core symptoms as well as the underlying cerebral blood flow (CBF) characteristics remain unclear. Methods A total of 62 ADHD subjects with social deficits (ADHD + SD), 100 ADHD subjects without social deficits (ADHD-SD) and 81 age-matched typically developing controls (TDC) were enrolled. We first examined the correlation between the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-1) and ADHD core symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsion) and then explored categorical and dimensional ADHD-related regional CBF by arterial spin labeling (ASL). For the categorical analysis, a voxel-based comparison of CBF maps between the ADHD + SD, ADHD-SD, and TDC groups was performed. For the dimensional analysis, the whole-brain voxel-wise correlation between CBF and ADHD symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and total scores) was evaluated in three groups. Finally, correlations between the SRS-1 and ADHD-related regional CBF were investigated. We applied Gaussian random field (GRF) for the correction of multiple comparisons in imaging results (voxel-level P < 0.01, and cluster-level P < 0.05). Results The clinical characteristics analysis showed that social deficits positively correlated with ADHD core symptoms, especially in social communication and autistic mannerisms domains. In the categorical analysis, we found that CBF in the left middle/inferior temporal gyrus in ADHD groups was higher than TDCs and was negatively correlated with the social motivation scores. Moreover, in dimensional analysis, we found that CBF in the left middle frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with the inattention scores, SRS total scores and autistic mannerisms scores in ADHD + SD subjects. Conclusion The present study shows that inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity may be responsible for the occurrence of social deficits in ADHD, with autistic traits being another significant contributing factor. Additionally, CBF in the left middle/inferior temporal gyrus and the left middle frontal gyrus might represent the corresponding physiological mechanisms underlying social deficits in ADHD.
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Mindfulness Interventions for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PSYCHIATRY INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint3040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition impacting children and adults. Current treatments are limited and there is increasing interest in the use of mindfulness, which is growing in popularity. Previous systematic reviews have typically focused on specific ages, outcome measures or interventions. The current review aimed to take a more comprehensive approach. Title and abstract searches were performed in five databases for randomized and non-randomized controlled trials or pre-post studies with participants with an ADHD diagnosis or a score above a clinically relevant cut-off on a validated ADHD measure. Studies had to measure symptoms of ADHD, global or social functioning. Extraction of key information including participant status (i.e., diagnosis, scale scores, comorbidities, medication use), study design, and outcome measures was conducted. Effect sizes (Hedge’s g) were calculated and where a measure had been used in at least three studies with the same population, meta-analyses were considered. Twenty-nine studies were initially identified, with seven deemed poor quality and removed from further analysis leaving, 22 studies containing data from 1237 children and adults with ADHD along with data from 525 family members. The data indicate possible benefits of mindfulness on self-compassion, quality of life, wellbeing, depression, and anxiety. The findings also suggest that mindfulness may also improve ADHD symptoms, executive function, problematic behaviours, and emotional dysregulation, although results vary by age of patient and measures used. Parent stress and parenting style have received limited attention, highlighting the need for more studies in these areas. Whilst the data presented suggest that mindfulness may be beneficial, the evidence base is not as strong as the popularity of the approach. Many of the studies lacked blind assessment, adequate randomization, or suitable control conditions. As such high-quality controlled studies considering medication, other psychosocial interventions, use of active and in active controls and comorbidity as well as longer follow-up periods, are needed to confirm this.
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Ikuse D, Hayashi W, Hanawa Y, Nakamura D, Arai G, Saga N, Iwanami A. Effects of Gaze Cues on Distributive Behavior of the Ultimatum Game in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 2022; 210:525-531. [PMID: 35766545 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulty in social decision-making. The ultimatum game (UG) is a popular economic game used to evaluate social decision-making. This study aimed to examine the effects of schematically depicted eyes and ADHD symptoms on UG performance. Thirty adults with ADHD were recruited. The computer screen background was changed among the "eyespots," "neutral," and "flowers" conditions among 30 trials of UG. Through all trials, task performances were recorded, and then compared with 30 typical adults and 30 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The reaction time was not affected by the background in any group. Although typical adults distributed more money in the "eyespots" condition, a nonsignificant background effect was observed in adults with ADHD or ASD. These results may be associated with reduced attention to social cues in individuals with ADHD, and this ADHD characteristic might lead to difficulty in social decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gousuke Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo
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Li B, Guo J, Zhao C, Luo X, Kong Y, Chen Y, Liu H, Sun L, Song Y. Lack of an association between anticipatory alpha oscillations and attentional selection in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 138:25-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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van Hoorn J, de Water E, Dekkers TJ, Pollak Y, Popma A, Jansen BRJ, Huizenga HM, van Duijvenvoorde ACK. Peer feedback decreases impulsive choice in adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. JCPP ADVANCES 2022; 2:e12065. [PMID: 37431500 PMCID: PMC10242953 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Impulsivity is a core feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous work using the delay discounting task to assess impulsivity reveals that adolescents with ADHD tend to prefer a smaller-immediate reward over a larger-delayed reward, and this relates to problematic choices in daily life. To gain a better understanding of daily decision-making in adolescence, it is important to examine the social context, as peers have a major influence on decisions. Peer influence often has a negative connotation, but also provides an opportunity to promote positive outcomes. To date, it is unclear if peers affect impulsive decision-making in adolescents with ADHD, for better or for worse. Methods The aim of this preregistered study was to examine the effect of peer feedback on impulsive choice in male adolescents with and without ADHD (ages 13-23; N = 113). We utilized an adapted delay discounting task that was administered alone, in a social condition, and alone again. In the social condition, adolescents received either (between-subjects) manipulated impulsive or non-impulsive peer feedback. Impulsive peer feedback consisted of likes for choosing the smaller immediate reward, whereas non-impulsive peers endorsed choosing the larger delayed reward. Results Preregistered analyses showed that non-impulsive peer feedback resulted in decreased impulsive choice, whereas impulsive peer feedback did not alter decision-making in adolescents with and without ADHD. Explorative analyses of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms in the total sample, irrespective of diagnosis, showed that lower hyperactivity-impulsivity and more inattention symptoms were associated with increased susceptibility to non-impulsive peer feedback. Conclusions Together, these findings indicate that peers may provide an opportunity to decrease impulsivity and emphasize individual differences in susceptibility to non-impulsive peer feedback related to inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Therefore, peer feedback may be a promising component in behavioral peer-supported interventions in adolescents with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorien van Hoorn
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Developmental and Educational PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenThe Netherlands
- LevvelAcademic Center for Child‐ and Adolescent PsychiatryAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Tycho J. Dekkers
- LevvelAcademic Center for Child‐ and Adolescent PsychiatryAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Child‐ and Adolescent PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Child‐ and Adolescent PsychiatryAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Yehuda Pollak
- Seymour Fox School of EducationHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Arne Popma
- LevvelAcademic Center for Child‐ and Adolescent PsychiatryAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Child‐ and Adolescent PsychiatryAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Brenda R. J. Jansen
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Research Priority Area YieldAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hilde M. Huizenga
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Research Priority Area YieldAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anna C. K. van Duijvenvoorde
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Developmental and Educational PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenThe Netherlands
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15
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Park S, Chang H. Developmental Trajectory of Inattention and Its Association With Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: Peer Relationships as a Mediator. Front Psychol 2022; 12:736840. [PMID: 35178006 PMCID: PMC8845459 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the developmental trajectory of inattention symptoms as a predictor of later depressive symptoms in adolescence, and examined potential mediating role of peer relationships in this process. Participants were adolescents who were part of the large longitudinal panel study on Korean Youths, Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey 2010 (KCYPS 2010) of the National Youth Policy Institute (NYPI). Specifically, data were drawn from two cohorts of KCYPS that differed in participant age (Panel 1: 2003 birth cohort, n = 2,342, 48.2% girls; Panel 2: 2000 birth cohorts, n = 2,378, 40.0% girls). We analyzed data collected from 2010 to 2016 when children in panel 1 were 6-7 to 12-13 years old, and children in panel 2 were 9-10 to 15-16 years old. Results of latent growth modeling (LGM) were as follows. In Panel 1, the inattention symptoms increased from 9-10 to 12-13 years. Otherwise, the inattention symptoms decreased from 11-12 to 15-16 years in panel 2. Additionally, in both panels, initial status and slope of inattention significantly predicted later levels of depressive symptoms, and peer relationships partly mediated the association between inattention trajectory and depressive symptoms. The findings are discussed with respect to considering the growth of inattention and the quality of peer relationships as promising targets for early identification and intervention of depression in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyein Chang
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Powell LA, Parker J, Weighall A, Harpin V. Psychoeducation Intervention Effectiveness to Improve Social Skills in Young People with ADHD: A Meta-Analysis. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:340-357. [PMID: 33666104 PMCID: PMC8785297 DOI: 10.1177/1087054721997553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be associated with limited understanding of the condition and poor social skills. Some evidence favors a psychoeducational approach, but little is known about the effectiveness of psychoeducation. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing psychoeducational interventions that aim to improve social skills of young people with ADHD. RESULTS Ten studies, including 943 participants, reported across 13 papers met the inclusion criteria. Although effect sizes were small, findings suggest the included interventions significantly improved social skills in young people with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Results show promise for psychoeducational behavioral interventions . However, the recommendations that can be developed from existing evidence are somewhat limited by the low quality of studies. Further rigorous trials are needed. In addition, future research should consider the long-term outcomes for these interventions, they should be iteratively co-designed and research should consider the context they intend to be delivered in.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valerie Harpin
- Ryegate Children’s Centre, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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17
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Cavicchioli M, Ogliari A, Movalli M, Maffei C. Persistent Deficits in Self-Regulation as a Mediator between Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Substance Use Disorders. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1837-1853. [PMID: 36096483 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2120358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) has been largely demonstrated. Some scholars have hypothesized that self-regulation mechanisms might play a key role in explaining this association. Objective(s): The current study tested the hypothesis that retrospective childhood ADHD symptoms might lead to more severe SUDs and this association should be mediated by current self-ratings of behavioral disinhibition, inattention, and emotional dysregulation among 204 treatment-seeking adults (male: 67.3%; female: 32.7%) with a primary diagnosis of alcohol use disorder and other SUDs. Methods: The mediational model was estimated through self-report measures of childhood ADHD symptoms (independent variable; WURS), current self-regulation mechanisms (mediators)-behavioral disinhibition (BIS-11 motor subscale), difficulties with attention regulation (MAAS) and emotion regulation (DERS)-and severity of SUDs (dependent variable; SPQ alcohol, illicit and prescribed drugs). Results: The analysis showed that alterations in the self-regulation system fully mediated the association between the severity of childhood ADHD symptoms and SUDs in adulthood. Behavioral disinhibition and difficulties in attention regulation were the most representative alterations in self-regulation processes that explained this association. Conclusions: These findings suggest it is useful to implement several therapeutic approaches (e.g. behavioral, mindfulness-based, and pharmacological) to increase the self-regulation abilities of children and adolescents with ADHD in order to reduce the probability of SUD onset in adulthood. However, future longitudinal neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies are needed to further support the role of self-regulation mechanisms in explaining the prospective association between childhood ADHD symptoms and SUDs in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavicchioli
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ogliari
- Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Child in Mind Lab, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Movalli
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Maffei
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
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18
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Gupta M, Sharma A. Fear of missing out: A brief overview of origin, theoretical underpinnings and relationship with mental health. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4881-4889. [PMID: 34307542 PMCID: PMC8283615 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fear of missing out (FoMO) is a unique term introduced in 2004 to describe a phenomenon observed on social networking sites. FoMO includes two processes; firstly, perception of missing out, followed up with a compulsive behavior to maintain these social connections. We are interested in understanding the complex construct of FoMO and its relations to the need to belong and form stable interpersonal relationships. It is associated with a range of negative life experiences and feelings, due to it being considered a problematic attachment to social media. We have provided a general review of the literature and have summarized the findings in relation to mental health, social functioning, sleep, academic performance and productivity, neuro-developmental disorders, and physical well-being. We have also discussed the treatment options available for FoMo based on cognitive behavior therapy. It imperative that new findings on FoMO are communicated to the clinical community as it has diagnostic implications and could be a confounding variable in those who do not respond to treatment as usual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Gupta
- Clarion Psychiatric Center and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clarion, PA 16214, United States
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
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19
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Effectiveness of group psychodrama on aggression and social anxiety of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized clinical trial. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2021.101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Martel MM, Eng AG, Bansal PS, Smith TE, Elkins AR, Goh PK. Multiple informant average integration of ADHD symptom ratings predictive of concurrent and longitudinal impairment. Psychol Assess 2021; 33:443-451. [PMID: 33719467 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To date, there remains no consensus about the best evidence-based method for integrating multiple informant data in the diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Several approaches exist, including the psychometrically sound approach of averaging scores, as well as the use of "OR" and "AND" algorithms, which are still commonly used in research. The current study tested these major integration methods in their concurrent and longitudinal prediction of clinician-rated impairment, teacher-rated academic, and parent- and self-rated social skill ratings in children overrecruited for ADHD across a 6-year span from childhood to adolescence. The sample included a total of 800 children, 480 with ADHD, ages 6 to 13, who completed a "gold standard" assessment of ADHD and associated impairment. Overall, the "OR," "AND," and average integration approaches showed significantly high interrelations with one another (r range from .78 to .96) and were all significantly and strongly related to impairment measures concurrently and longitudinally. Multivariate regressions demonstrated that the average integration approach concurrently and longitudinally out predicted the other two approaches. Results demonstrated that the average approach slightly outperformed the other two in its prediction of concurrent and longitudinal clinician-rated impairment, teacher-rated academic skills, and parent- and self-rated child social skills across childhood and adolescence. Evidence-based assessment integration of parent and teacher ratings of ADHD in childhood might best utilize an averaging approach, as it is most related to later impairment ratings, particularly if such findings are replicated by other groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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21
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Ballard R, Perez-Reisler M. Developmental Aspects of Pediatric Mental Health. Pediatr Ann 2020; 49:e426-e430. [PMID: 33034657 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20200921-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mental health disorders emerge in predictable patterns across pediatric development. Understanding these patterns can help clinicians anticipate emerging mental health problems. In this article, we review child development, merging concepts from developmental psychology with motor, language, cognitive, and social development. We point out developmental red flags for mental health disorders in each developmental period. [Pediatr Ann. 2020;49(10):e426-e430.].
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22
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Gourlay C, Collin P, Caron PO, D'Auteuil C, Scherzer PB. Psychometric assessment of social cognitive tasks. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2020; 29:731-749. [PMID: 32841055 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1807348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although there has been a marked increase in interest in social cognition (SC) in recent years, psychometric data relating to many tasks used to measure its components remain limited in healthy populations with only five articles published to date. It is accordingly premature to speak of a consensus concerning the specific components, or best tests of the components, and possible cultural differences. The present study sought to partially fill that gap, examining the psychometric properties of a battery of SC tasks in a sample of 100 healthy adults aged 18-85 years old. Initially, nine tasks assessing four SC components were selected: emotion recognition, theory of mind, attributional bias, and social judgment. Construct validity and criterion-related validity were assessed using factor and correlational analyses. Performance across age and sex groups was also investigated. Reliability was assessed through internal consistency, interrater and intercoder agreement. Results indicated satisfactory properties for the Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire-blame score, the Social Judgment Task, the Facial Emotions Recognition Test, and a modified version of the Strange Stories Task. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups with regard to age and sex after accounting for demographic and cognitive factors. However, the correlations of these measures with relationship quality were mostly very low, raising questions about their concomitant validity. Other tasks showed sub-optimal properties, suggesting that some frequently used tests require further validation or modifications to ensure the quality of research findings. Based on the results, recommended measures for future studies and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gourlay
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Pascal Collin
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Camille D'Auteuil
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Peter B Scherzer
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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23
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Fenesy MC, Teh SE, Lee SS. Negative Parenting Moderates the Prospective Association of ADHD Symptoms and Youth Social Problems. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1583-1597. [PMID: 30955186 PMCID: PMC10089769 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although ADHD and negative parenting are established predictors of youth outcomes, their independent and interactive effects on youth social functioning remain unclear. We tested childhood ADHD symptoms and negative parenting as independent and interactive predictors of prospective change in social problems across a four-year follow-up. At baseline, families of 221 (33% female) children with (n = 94) and without ADHD were rigorously assessed including observed positive and negative parenting behavior, youth ADHD symptoms, as well as multi-informant ratings of youth social problems at multiple occasions. Based on multiple regression with robust standard errors and full-information maximum likelihood procedures to address missing data, ADHD symptoms positively predicted social problems, even with control of observed parenting behavior, child age and sex, oppositional defiant disorder symptoms, and baseline social problems. Additionally, a child ADHD symptoms x negative parenting interaction uniquely predicted separate parent- and teacher-rated social problems where ADHD symptoms positively predicted social problems exclusively in the context of high (+1SD) and very high (+2 SD) negative parenting, respectively. When ADHD was separated into distinct dimensions (i.e., inattention, hyperactivity), an interaction between inattention symptoms and negative parenting approached significance such that inattention symptoms positively predicted parent-rated social problems in the context of high negative parenting. We discuss the interaction between parenting and ADHD symptoms in predictions of youth social problems and implications for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Fenesy
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA
| | - Shin Er Teh
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University School of Arts and Sciences, Busch Campus, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Steve S Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA.
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24
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Humphreys KL, Gabard-Durnam L, Goff B, Telzer EH, Flannery J, Gee DG, Park V, Lee SS, Tottenham N. Friendship and social functioning following early institutional rearing: The role of ADHD symptoms. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1477-1487. [PMID: 30588896 PMCID: PMC6597328 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early institutional rearing is associated with increased risk for subsequent peer relationship difficulties, but the underlying mechanisms have not been identified. Friendship characteristics, social behaviors with peers, normed assessments of social problems, and social cue use were assessed in 142 children (mean age = 10.06, SD = 2.02; range 7-13 years), of whom 67 were previously institutionalized (PI), and 75 were raised by their biological families. Anxiety and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, often elevated among PI children, were examined as potential mediators of PI status and baseline social functioning and longitudinal follow-ups (2 and 4 years later). Twenty-seven percent of PI children fell above the Child Behavior Checklist Social Problems cutoff. An examination of specific social behaviors with peers indicated that PI and comparison children did not differ in empathic concern or peer social approach, though parents were more likely to endorse aggression/overarousal as a reason that PI children might struggle with friendships. Comparison children outperformed PI children in computerized testing of social cue use learning. Finally, across these measures, social difficulties exhibited in the PI group were mediated by ADHD symptoms with predicted social problems assessed 4 years later. These findings show that, when PI children struggle with friendships, mechanisms involving attention and behavior regulation are likely contributors.
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25
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van Hoorn J, McCormick EM, Telzer EH. Moderate social sensitivity in a risky context supports adaptive decision making in adolescence: evidence from brain and behavior. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29529318 PMCID: PMC6007597 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of increased social-affective sensitivity, which is often related to heightened health-risk behaviors. However, moderate levels of social sensitivity, relative to either low (social vacuum) or high levels (exceptionally attuned), may confer benefits as it facilitates effective navigation of the social world. The present fMRI study tested a curvilinear relationship between social sensitivity and adaptive decision-making. Participants (ages 12-16; N = 35) played the Social Analogue Risk Task, which measures participants' willingness to knock on doors in order to earn points. With each knock, the facial expression of the house's resident shifted from happy to somewhat angrier. If the resident became too angry, the door slammed and participants lost points. Social sensitivity was defined as the extent to which adolescents adjusted their risky choices based on shifting facial expressions. Results confirmed a curvilinear relationship between social sensitivity and self-reported adaptive decision-making at the behavioral and neural level. Moderate adolescent social sensitivity was modulated via heightened tracking of social cues in the temporoparietal junction, insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and related to adaptive decision-making. These findings suggest that social-affective sensitivity may positively impact outcomes in adolescence and have implications for interventions to help adolescents reach mature social goals into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorien van Hoorn
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ethan M McCormick
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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26
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Familiarity modulates social approach toward stressed conspecifics in female rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200971. [PMID: 30278039 PMCID: PMC6168124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Familiarity between conspecifics may influence how social affective cues shape social behaviors. In a social affective preference test, experimental rats, when given the choice to explore an unfamiliar stressed or a naive adult, will avoid interaction with a stressed conspecific. To determine if familiarity would influence social interactions with stressed conspecifics, male and female test rats underwent 2 social affective preference tests in isosexual triads where an experimental rat was presented with a naïve and a stressed target conspecific who were either familiar (cagemate) or unfamiliar. Male and female experimental rats avoided stressed unfamiliar conspecifics. However, experimental female rats demonstrated a preference to interact with their stressed, familiar cagemates. Male and female rats exhibited more self-grooming and immobility behavior in the presence of stressed conspecifics, which may indicate emotion contagion. These findings suggest a sex-specific role of familiarity in social approach and avoidance, and warrant further mechanistic exploration.
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27
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Millenet SK, Nees F, Heintz S, Bach C, Frank J, Vollstädt-Klein S, Bokde A, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Fröhner J, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Ittermann B, Lemaire H, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Papadoulos DO, Paus T, Poustka L, Rietschel M, Smolka MN, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Banaschewski T, Hohmann S. COMT Val158Met Polymorphism and Social Impairment Interactively Affect Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Symptoms in Healthy Adolescents. Front Genet 2018; 9:284. [PMID: 30108607 PMCID: PMC6079264 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic system has been shown to have substantial effects on the etiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, while some studies found a significant direct effect, others did not. In this context, social behavior might play an important role as a factor that is related both to the dopaminergic system and ADHD. In a large epidemiological sample of adolescents (N = 462; 16-17 years), we assessed the level of ADHD symptoms using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, social behavior using the Social Responsiveness Scale, and the allelic distribution of the dopaminergic catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism. We found a significant association between COMT and social impairment, insofar as Met-allele carriers showed increased levels of social impairment. Moreover, social impairment significantly determined an association between COMT and ADHD (explained variance: 19.09%). This effect did not significantly differ between males and females. COMT and social impairment might interactively affect ADHD symptomatology, and could thus represent significant gene-phenotypic risk factors for ADHD symptomatology. This might have interesting implications for prevention and intervention strategies with a focus on social behavior in genetically at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina K. Millenet
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Heintz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christiane Bach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Erin B. Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juliane Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig Institute Berlin, Germany
| | - Herve Lemaire
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry,” Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry,” University Paris Sud – Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes; Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure P. Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging & Psychiatry,” University Paris Sud – Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes; and AP-HP, Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine and MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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McCormick EM, Perino MT, Telzer EH. Not just social sensitivity: Adolescent neural suppression of social feedback during risk taking. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:134-141. [PMID: 29518712 PMCID: PMC6014584 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of sensitivity to social stimuli. In particular, research has focused on the increased sensitivity to risks and social information seen during adolescence. However, recent evidence also suggests that adolescents can flexibly use information in service of their goals, raising an interesting question: are adolescents able to selectively discount social information if it conflicts with their goals? To test this question, fifty-five children and adolescents (ages 8-17 years) completed a social variant of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task during an fMRI session. Adolescents showed decreased tracking of negative social feedback in regions involved in salience-monitoring (e.g. insula) and social processing (e.g., TPJ, pSTS). Age-related changes in neural processing of risk and social feedback contributed to better performance for older participants. These results suggest that adolescents are able to suppress goal-irrelevant social feedback, rather than being uniformly hyper-sensitive to social information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M McCormick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Michael T Perino
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61820, United States
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Aduen PA, Day TN, Kofler MJ, Harmon SL, Wells EL, Sarver DE. Social Problems in ADHD: Is it a Skills Acquisition or Performance Problem? JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2018; 40:440-451. [PMID: 30287981 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-018-9649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent models suggest that social skills training's inefficacy for children with ADHD may be due to target misspecification, such that their social problems reflect inconsistent performance rather than knowledge/skill gaps. No study to date, however, has disentangled social skills acquisition from performance deficits in children with ADHD. Children ages 8-12 with ADHD (n=47) and without ADHD (n=23) were assessed using the well-validated social behavioral analysis framework to quantify cross-informant social skills acquisition deficits, performance deficits, and strengths. Results provided support for the construct and predictive validities of this Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS) alternate scoring method, including expected magnitude and valence relations with BASC-2 social skills and ADHD symptoms based on both parent and teacher report. Acquisition deficits were relatively rare and idiosyncratic for both the ADHD and Non-ADHD groups, whereas children with ADHD demonstrated cross-informant social performance deficits (d=0.82-0.99) on several specific behaviors involving attention to peer directives, emotion regulation, and social reciprocity. Relative to themselves, children with ADHD were perceived by parents and teachers as exhibiting more social strengths than social acquisition deficits; however, they demonstrated significantly fewer social strengths than the Non-ADHD group (d = -0.71 to -0.89). These findings are consistent with recent conceptualizations suggesting that social problems in ADHD primarily reflect inconsistent performance rather than a lack of social knowledge/skills. Implications for refining social skills interventions for ADHD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylor N Day
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology
| | | | | | | | - Dustin E Sarver
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advancement of Youth
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30
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Kofler MJ, Harmon SL, Aduen PA, Day TN, Austin K, Spiegel J, Irwin L, Sarver DE. Neurocognitive and behavioral predictors of social problems in ADHD: A Bayesian framework. Neuropsychology 2018; 32:344-355. [PMID: 29620405 PMCID: PMC5890822 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social problems are a key area of functional impairment for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and converging evidence points to executive dysfunction as a potential mechanism underlying ADHD-related social dysfunction. The evidence is mixed, however, with regard to which neurocognitive abilities account for these relations. METHOD A well-characterized group of 117 children ages 8-13 (M = 10.45, SD = 1.53; 43 girls; 69.5% Caucasian/Non-Hispanic) with ADHD (n = 77) and without ADHD (n = 40) were administered multiple, counterbalanced tests of neurocognitive functioning and assessed for social skills via multi-informant reports. RESULTS Bayesian linear regressions revealed strong support for working memory and cross-informant interfering behaviors (inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity) as predictors of parent- and teacher-reported social problems. Working memory was also implicated in social skills acquisition deficits, performance deficits, and strengths based on parent and/or teacher report; inattention and/or hyperactivity showed strong correspondence with cross-informant social problems in all models. There was no evidence for, and in most models strong evidence against, effects of inhibitory control and processing speed. The ADHD group was impaired relative to the non-ADHD group on social skills (d = 0.82-0.88), visuospatial working memory (d = 0.89), and phonological working memory (d = 0.58). In contrast, the Bayesian ANOVAs indicated that the ADHD and non-ADHD groups were equivalent on processing speed, IQ, age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES). There was no support for or against group differences in inhibition. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm that ADHD is associated with impaired social performance, and implicate working memory and core ADHD symptoms in the acquisition and performance of socially skilled behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lauren Irwin
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology
| | - Dustin E. Sarver
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics,
Center for Advancement of Youth
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31
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Humphreys KL, Tottenham N, Lee SS. Risky decision-making in children with and without ADHD: A prospective study. Child Neuropsychol 2018; 24:261-276. [PMID: 27937142 PMCID: PMC6156794 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2016.1264578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Learning from past decisions can enhance successful decision-making. It is unclear whether difficulties in learning from experience may contribute to risky decision-making, which may be altered among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study follows 192 children with and without ADHD aged 5 to 10 years for approximately 2.5 years and examines their risky decision-making using the Balloon Emotional Learning Task (BELT), a computerized assessment of sequential risky decision-making in which participants pump up a series of virtual balloons for points. The BELT contains three task conditions: one with a variable explosion point, one with a stable and early explosion point, and one with a stable and late explosion point. These conditions may be learned via experience on the task. Contrary to expectations, ADHD status was not found to be related to greater risk-taking on the BELT, and among younger children ADHD status is in fact associated with reduced risk-taking. In addition, the typically-developing children without ADHD showed significant learning-related gains on both stable task conditions. However, the children with ADHD demonstrated learning on the condition with a stable and early explosion point, but not on the condition with the stable and late explosion point, in which more pumps are required before learning when the balloon will explode. Learning during decision-making may be more difficult for children with ADHD. Because adapting to changing environmental demands requires the use of feedback to guide future behavior, negative outcomes associated with childhood ADHD may partially reflect difficulties in learning from experience.
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32
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The Association between Sleep and Theory of Mind in School Aged Children with ADHD. Med Sci (Basel) 2017; 5:medsci5030018. [PMID: 29099034 PMCID: PMC5635805 DOI: 10.3390/medsci5030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory of Mind (ToM) is defined as the ability to infer a range of internal mental states of others, including beliefs, intentions, desires, and emotions. These abilities are associated with children’s ability to socialize effectively with peers. ToM impairments are associated with peer rejection and psychiatric disorders such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Previous studies have found poor sleep negatively impacts executive functioning (EF) and emotional information processing, which are essential for the effective use of ToM. Youth with ADHD have EF deficits and sleep problems. However, the relationship between sleep, executive functioning, and ToM in children with ADHD has not been studied. In this review, we propose that the poor social and interpersonal skills characterizing individuals with ADHD could be explained by the impact of poor sleep on the emotional and cognitive mechanisms underlying ToM.
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33
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Canela C, Buadze A, Dube A, Eich D, Liebrenz M. Attitudes Toward Stimulant Treatment of Offspring of Adult Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2017; 27:422-428. [PMID: 28422527 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2016.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to investigate how adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder viewed the testing and use of stimulants in their children. METHODS Using a qualitative approach, we interviewed 32 outpatients from a special care unit of a university hospital. RESULTS Emerging themes centered around concerns about the right age to test children and opinions about stimulant treatment ranging from unreserved agreement to reluctance, as well as the need for a shared decision with the child. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that better psychoeducational programs are needed, especially for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, in which long-term consequences of the disorder, areas of impairment, and possible treatment effects in their children are explained and concerns about unknown side effects and the right time to test and treat are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Canela
- 1 Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Buadze
- 2 Division of ADHD Research, Psychiatric University Hospital , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anish Dube
- 3 Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, UC Irvine Medical Center , Orange, California
| | - Dominique Eich
- 2 Division of ADHD Research, Psychiatric University Hospital , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Liebrenz
- 1 Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland
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34
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Chou WJ, Huang MF, Chang YP, Chen YM, Hu HF, Yen CF. Social skills deficits and their association with Internet addiction and activities in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Behav Addict 2017; 6:42-50. [PMID: 28245666 PMCID: PMC5572997 DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The aims of this study were to examine the association between social skills deficits and Internet addiction and activities in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as the moderators for this association. Methods A total of 300 adolescents, aged between 11 and 18 years, who had been diagnosed with ADHD participated in this study. Their Internet addiction levels, social skills deficits, ADHD, parental characteristics, and comorbidities were assessed. The various Internet activities that the participants engaged in were also examined. Results The associations between social skills deficits and Internet addiction and activities and the moderators of these associations were examined using logistic regression analyses. Social skills deficits were significantly associated with an increased risk of Internet addiction after adjustment for the effects of other factors [odds ratio (OR) = 1.049, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.030-1.070]. Social skills deficits were also significantly associated with Internet gaming and watching movies. The maternal occupational socioeconomic levels of the participants moderated the association between social skills deficits and Internet addiction. Conclusions Social skills deficits should be considered targets in prevention and intervention programs for treating Internet addiction among adolescents with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jiun Chou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang
Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center and College of Medicine,
Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung,
Taiwan
| | - Mei-Feng Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung
Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung,
Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and
Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Chang
- School of Nursing, The State University of
New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY,
USA
| | - Yu-Min Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung
Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung,
Taiwan
| | - Huei-Fan Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Municipal
Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan,Corresponding authors: Cheng-Fang Yen, MD, PhD;
Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou
1st Rd., Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Phone: +886 7 3121101 ext. 6816; Fax:
+886 7 3134761; E-mail: ; Huei-Fan Hu,
MD; Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Municipal Hospital, 670 Chongde Road, East
District, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Phone: +886 6 2609926886; Fax: +886 6
2606351; E-mail:
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung
Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung,
Taiwan,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and
Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Corresponding authors: Cheng-Fang Yen, MD, PhD;
Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou
1st Rd., Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Phone: +886 7 3121101 ext. 6816; Fax:
+886 7 3134761; E-mail: ; Huei-Fan Hu,
MD; Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Municipal Hospital, 670 Chongde Road, East
District, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Phone: +886 6 2609926886; Fax: +886 6
2606351; E-mail:
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35
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Sex-dependent changes in neuronal morphology and psychosocial behaviors after pediatric brain injury. Behav Brain Res 2016; 319:48-62. [PMID: 27829127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic social behavior problems after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) significantly contribute to poor quality of life for survivors. Using a well-characterized mouse model of early childhood TBI, we have previously demonstrated that young brain-injured mice develop social deficits by adulthood. As biological sex may influence both normal and aberrant social development, we here evaluated potential sex differences in post-TBI psychosocial deficits by comparing the behavior of male and female mice at adulthood (8 weeks post-injury). Secondly, we hypothesized that pediatric TBI would influence neuronal morphology identified by Golgi-Cox staining in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, regions involved in social cognition and behavior, before the onset of social problems (3 weeks post-injury). Morphological analysis of pyramidal neurons in the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex and granule cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus revealed a reduction in dendritic complexity after pediatric TBI. This was most apparent in TBI males, whereas neurons from females were less affected. At adulthood, consistent with previous studies, TBI males showed deficits in sociability and social recognition. TBI females also showed a reduction in sociability, but intact social recognition and increased sociosexual avoidance. Together, these findings indicate that sex is a determinant of regional neuroplasticity and social outcomes after pediatric TBI. Reduced neuronal complexity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, several weeks after injury in male mice, appears to precede the subsequent emergence of social deficits. Sex-specific alterations in the social brain network are thus implicated as an underlying mechanism of social dysfunction after pediatric TBI.
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36
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Social Skills Mediate the Association of ADHD and Depression in Preadolescents. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-016-9569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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37
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van der Meer D, Hoekstra PJ, Bralten J, van Donkelaar M, Heslenfeld DJ, Oosterlaan J, Faraone SV, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Hartman CA. Interplay between stress response genes associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and brain volume. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:627-36. [PMID: 27391809 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor plays a pivotal role in the brain's response to stress; a haplotype of functional polymorphisms in the NR3C1 gene encoding this receptor has been associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene polymorphism 5-HTTLPR is known to influence the relation between stress exposure and ADHD severity, which may be partly because of its reported effects on glucocorticoid levels. We therefore investigated if NR3C1 moderates the relation of stress exposure with ADHD severity and brain structure, and the potential role of 5-HTTLPR. Neuroimaging, genetic and stress exposure questionnaire data were available for 539 adolescents and young adults participating in the multicenter ADHD cohort study NeuroIMAGE (average age: 17.2 years). We estimated the effects of genetic variation in NR3C1 and 5-HTT, stress exposure and their interactions on ADHD symptom count and gray matter volume. We found that individuals carrying the ADHD risk haplotype of NR3C1 showed significantly more positive relation between stress exposure and ADHD severity than non-carriers. This gene-environment interaction was significantly stronger for 5-HTTLPR L-allele homozygotes than for S-allele carriers. These two- and three-way interactions were reflected in the gray matter volume of the cerebellum, parahippocampal gyrus, intracalcarine cortex and angular gyrus. Our findings illustrate how genetic variation in the stress response pathway may influence the effects of stress exposure on ADHD severity and brain structure. The reported interplay between NR3C1 and 5-HTT may further explain some of the heterogeneity between studies regarding the role of these genes and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D van der Meer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. .,Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - P J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M van Donkelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - D J Heslenfeld
- Clinical Neuropsychology Section, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Oosterlaan
- Clinical Neuropsychology Section, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S V Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre.,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C A Hartman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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