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Arutiunian V, Arcara G, Buyanova I, Fedorov M, Davydova E, Pereverzeva D, Sorokin A, Tyushkevich S, Mamokhina U, Danilina K, Dragoy O. Abnormalities in both stimulus-induced and baseline MEG alpha oscillations in the auditory cortex of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1225-1242. [PMID: 38683212 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is hypothetically related to the imbalance between neural excitation (E) and inhibition (I). Different studies have revealed that alpha-band (8-12 Hz) activity in magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG and EEG) may reflect E and I processes and, thus, can be of particular interest in ASD research. Previous findings indicated alterations in event-related and baseline alpha activity in different cortical systems in individuals with ASD, and these abnormalities were associated with core and co-occurring conditions of ASD. However, the knowledge on auditory alpha oscillations in this population is limited. This MEG study investigated stimulus-induced (Event-Related Desynchronization, ERD) and baseline alpha-band activity (both periodic and aperiodic) in the auditory cortex and also the relationships between these neural activities and behavioral measures of children with ASD. Ninety amplitude-modulated tones were presented to two groups of children: 20 children with ASD (5 girls, Mage = 10.03, SD = 1.7) and 20 typically developing controls (9 girls, Mage = 9.11, SD = 1.3). Children with ASD had a bilateral reduction of alpha-band ERD, reduced baseline aperiodic-adjusted alpha power, and flattened aperiodic exponent in comparison to TD children. Moreover, lower raw baseline alpha power and aperiodic offset in the language-dominant left auditory cortex were associated with better language skills of children with ASD measured in formal assessment. The findings highlighted the alterations of E / I balance metrics in response to basic auditory stimuli in children with ASD and also provided evidence for the contribution of low-level processing to language difficulties in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardan Arutiunian
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1920 Terry Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, United States of America.
| | | | - Irina Buyanova
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Makar Fedorov
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Davydova
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
- Chair of Differential Psychology and Psychophysiology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya Pereverzeva
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Sorokin
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Tyushkevich
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Uliana Mamokhina
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamilla Danilina
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Research and Practical Center of Pediatric Psychoneurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Dragoy
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Shen G, Green HL, Franzen RE, Berman JI, Dipiero M, Mowad TG, Bloy L, Liu S, Airey M, Goldin S, Ku M, McBride E, Blaskey L, Kuschner ES, Kim M, Konka K, Roberts TPL, Edgar JC. Resting-State Activity in Children: Replicating and Extending Findings of Early Maturation of Alpha Rhythms in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1961-1976. [PMID: 36932271 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Resting-state alpha brain rhythms provide a foundation for basic as well as higher-order brain processes. Research suggests atypical maturation of the peak frequency of resting-state alpha activity (= PAF) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examined resting-state alpha activity in young school-aged children, obtaining magnetoencephalographic (MEG) eyes-closed resting-state data from 47 typically developing (TD) males and 45 ASD males 6.0 to 9.3 years old. Results confirmed a higher PAF in ASD versus TD, and demonstrated that alpha power differences between groups were linked to the shift of PAF in ASD. Additionally, a higher PAF was associated with better cognitive performance in TD but not ASD. Finding thus suggested functional consequences of group differences in resting-state alpha activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Shen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Heather L Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rose E Franzen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marissa Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theresa G Mowad
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan Airey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sophia Goldin
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Ku
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma McBride
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Konka
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Bezgin G, Lewis JD, Fonov VS, Collins DL, Evans AC. Atypical co-development of the thalamus and cortex in autism: Evidence from age-related white-gray contrast change. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26584. [PMID: 38533724 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that white-gray contrast (WGC) of either cortical or subcortical gray matter provides for accurate predictions of age in typically developing (TD) children, and that, at least for the cortex, it changes differently with age in subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to their TD peers. Our previous study showed different patterns of contrast change between ASD and TD in sensorimotor and association cortices. While that study was confined to the cortex, we hypothesized that subcortical structures, particularly the thalamus, were involved in the observed cortical dichotomy between lower and higher processing. The current paper investigates that hypothesis using the WGC measures from the thalamus in addition to those from the cortex. We compared age-related WGC changes in the thalamus to those in the cortex. To capture the simultaneity of this change across the two structures, we devised a metric capturing the co-development of the thalamus and cortex (CoDevTC), proportional to the magnitude of cortical and thalamic age-related WGC change. We calculated this metric for each of the subjects in a large homogeneous sample taken from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) (N = 434). We used structural MRI data from the largest high-quality cross-sectional sample (NYU) as well as two other large high-quality sites, GU and OHSU, all three using Siemens 3T scanners. We observed that the co-development features in ASD and TD exhibit contrasting patterns; specifically, some higher-order thalamic nuclei, such as the lateral dorsal nucleus, exhibited reduction in codevelopment with most of the cortex in ASD compared to TD. Moreover, this difference in the CoDevTC pattern correlates with a number of behavioral measures across multiple cognitive and physiological domains. The results support previous notions of altered connectivity in autism, but add more specific evidence about the heterogeneity in thalamocortical development that elucidates the mechanisms underlying the clinical features of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Bezgin
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John D Lewis
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir S Fonov
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Demopoulos C, Jesson X, Gerdes MR, Jurigova BG, Hinkley LB, Ranasinghe KG, Desai S, Honma S, Mizuiri D, Findlay A, Nagarajan SS, Marco EJ. Global MEG Resting State Functional Connectivity in Children with Autism and Sensory Processing Dysfunction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577499. [PMID: 38352614 PMCID: PMC10862722 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Sensory processing dysfunction not only affects most individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but at least 5% of children without ASD also experience dysfunctional sensory processing. Our understanding of the relationship between sensory dysfunction and resting state brain activity is still emerging. This study compared long-range resting state functional connectivity of neural oscillatory behavior in children aged 8-12 years with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N=18), those with sensory processing dysfunction (SPD; N=18) who do not meet ASD criteria, and typically developing control participants (TDC; N=24) using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Functional connectivity analyses were performed in the alpha and beta frequency bands, which are known to be implicated in sensory information processing. Group differences in functional connectivity and associations between sensory abilities and functional connectivity were examined. Distinct patterns of functional connectivity differences between ASD and SPD groups were found only in the beta band, but not in the alpha band. In both alpha and beta bands, ASD and SPD cohorts differed from the TDC cohort. Somatosensory cortical beta-band functional connectivity was associated with tactile processing abilities, while higher-order auditory cortical alpha-band functional connectivity was associated with auditory processing abilities. These findings demonstrate distinct long-range neural synchrony alterations in SPD and ASD that are associated with sensory processing abilities. Neural synchrony measures could serve as potential sensitive biomarkers for ASD and SPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Demopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, 675 18 Street, San Francisco, CA 94107
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S362, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Xuan Jesson
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Molly Rae Gerdes
- Cortica Healthcare, Department of Neurodevelopmental Medicine, 4000 Civic Center Drive, San Rafael, CA 94903
| | - Barbora G. Jurigova
- Cortica Healthcare, Department of Neurodevelopmental Medicine, 4000 Civic Center Drive, San Rafael, CA 94903
| | - Leighton B. Hinkley
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S362, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Kamalini G. Ranasinghe
- University of California-San Francisco, Department of Neurology, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Shivani Desai
- University of California-San Francisco, Department of Neurology, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Susanne Honma
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S362, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S362, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Anne Findlay
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S362, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Srikantan S. Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S362, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Elysa J. Marco
- Cortica Healthcare, Department of Neurodevelopmental Medicine, 4000 Civic Center Drive, San Rafael, CA 94903
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Karavallil Achuthan S, Stavrinos D, Argueta P, Vanderburgh C, Holm HB, Kana RK. Thalamic functional connectivity and sensorimotor processing in neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1279909. [PMID: 38161799 PMCID: PMC10755010 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1279909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the earliest neurobiological findings in autism has been the differences in the thalamocortical pathway connectivity, suggesting the vital role thalamus plays in human experience. The present functional MRI study investigated resting-state functional connectivity of the thalamus in 49 (autistic, ADHD, and neurotypical) young adults. All participants underwent structural MRI and eyes-open resting state functional MRI scans. After preprocessing the imaging data using Conn's connectivity toolbox, a seed-based functional connectivity analysis was conducted using bilateral thalamus as primary seeds. Autistic participants showed stronger thalamic connectivity, relative to ADHD and neurotypical participants, between the right thalamus and right precentral gyrus, right pars opercularis-BA44, right postcentral gyrus, and the right superior parietal lobule (RSPL). Autistic participants also showed significantly increased connectivity between the left thalamus and the right precentral gyrus. Furthermore, regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between autistic traits and left thalamic-precentral connectivity (R2 = 0.1113), as well as between autistic traits and right postcentral gyrus and RSPL connectivity (R2 = 0.1204) in autistic participants compared to ADHD. These findings provide significant insights into the role of thalamus in coordinating neural information processing and its alterations in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Karavallil Achuthan
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Innovative Research in Autism, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Despina Stavrinos
- Department of Psychology and the Institute of Social Science Research, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Paula Argueta
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Innovative Research in Autism, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Caroline Vanderburgh
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Innovative Research in Autism, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Haley B. Holm
- Children’s Hospital of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rajesh K. Kana
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Innovative Research in Autism, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
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6
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Deng L, He WZ, Zhang QL, Wei L, Dai Y, Liu YQ, Chen ZL, Ren T, Zhang LL, Gong JB, Li F. Caregiver-child interaction as an effective tool for identifying autism spectrum disorder: evidence from EEG analysis. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:138. [PMID: 38098032 PMCID: PMC10722789 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects individuals across their lifespan. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes. However, current diagnostic methods are often time-consuming, and costly, making them inaccessible to many families. In the current study, we aim to test caregiver-child interaction as a potential tool for screening children with ASD in clinic. METHODS We enrolled 85 preschool children (Mean age: 4.90 ± 0.65 years, 70.6% male), including ASD children with or without developmental delay (DD), and typical development (TD) children, along with their caregivers. ASD core symptoms were evaluated by Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Calibrated Severity Scores (ADOS-CSS). Behavioral indicators were derived from video encoding of caregiver-child interaction, including social involvement of children (SIC), interaction time (IT), response of children to social cues (RSC), time for caregiver initiated social interactions (GIS) and time for children initiated social interactions (CIS)). Power spectral density (PSD) values were calculated by EEG signals simultaneously recorded. Partial Pearson correlation analysis was used in both ASD groups to investigate the correlation among behavioral indicators scores and ASD symptom severity and PSD values. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to describe the discrimination accuracy of behavioral indicators. RESULTS Compared to TD group, both ASD groups demonstrated significant lower scores of SIC, IT, RSC, CIS (all p values < 0.05), and significant higher time for GIS (all p values < 0.01). SIC scores negatively correlated with CARS (p = 0.006) and ADOS-CSS (p = 0.023) in the ASD with DD group. Compared to TD group, PSD values elevated in ASD groups (all p values < 0.05), and was associated with SIC (theta band: p = 0.005; alpha band: p = 0.003) but not IQ levels. SIC was effective in identifying both ASD groups (sensitivity/specificity: ASD children with DD, 76.5%/66.7%; ASD children without DD, 82.6%/82.2%). CONCLUSION Our results verified the behavioral paradigm of caregiver-child interaction as an efficient tool for early ASD screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Deng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric and Child Primary Care & Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wei-Zhong He
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qing-Li Zhang
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ling Wei
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric and Child Primary Care & Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu-Qi Liu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric and Child Primary Care & Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zi-Lin Chen
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric and Child Primary Care & Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tai Ren
- Ministry of Education - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lin-Li Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric and Child Primary Care & Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jing-Bo Gong
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200335, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric and Child Primary Care & Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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7
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Alho J, Samuelsson JG, Khan S, Mamashli F, Bharadwaj H, Losh A, McGuiggan NM, Graham S, Nayal Z, Perrachione TK, Joseph RM, Stoodley CJ, Hämäläinen MS, Kenet T. Both stronger and weaker cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity patterns during processing of spoken sentences in autism spectrum disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5810-5827. [PMID: 37688547 PMCID: PMC10619366 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar differences have long been documented in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet the extent to which such differences might impact language processing in ASD remains unknown. To investigate this, we recorded brain activity with magnetoencephalography (MEG) while ASD and age-matched typically developing (TD) children passively processed spoken meaningful English and meaningless Jabberwocky sentences. Using a novel source localization approach that allows higher resolution MEG source localization of cerebellar activity, we found that, unlike TD children, ASD children showed no difference between evoked responses to meaningful versus meaningless sentences in right cerebellar lobule VI. ASD children also had atypically weak functional connectivity in the meaningful versus meaningless speech condition between right cerebellar lobule VI and several left-hemisphere sensorimotor and language regions in later time windows. In contrast, ASD children had atypically strong functional connectivity for in the meaningful versus meaningless speech condition between right cerebellar lobule VI and primary auditory cortical areas in an earlier time window. The atypical functional connectivity patterns in ASD correlated with ASD severity and the ability to inhibit involuntary attention. These findings align with a model where cerebro-cerebellar speech processing mechanisms in ASD are impacted by aberrant stimulus-driven attention, which could result from atypical temporal information and predictions of auditory sensory events by right cerebellar lobule VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Alho
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - John G. Samuelsson
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sheraz Khan
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Fahimeh Mamashli
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hari Bharadwaj
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, and Weldon School of Biomedical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Ainsley Losh
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nicole M. McGuiggan
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Steven Graham
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Zein Nayal
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tyler K. Perrachione
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Robert M. Joseph
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Catherine J. Stoodley
- Department of PsychologyCollege of Arts and Sciences, American UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Matti S. Hämäläinen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tal Kenet
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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8
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Finn CE, Han GT, Naples AJ, Wolf JM, McPartland JC. Development of peak alpha frequency reflects a distinct trajectory of neural maturation in autistic children. Autism Res 2023; 16:2077-2089. [PMID: 37638733 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalographic peak alpha frequency (PAF) is a marker of neural maturation that increases with age throughout childhood. Distinct maturation of PAF is observed in children with autism spectrum disorder such that PAF does not increase with age and is instead positively associated with cognitive ability. The current study clarifies and extends previous findings by characterizing the effects of age and cognitive ability on PAF between diagnostic groups in a sample of children and adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorder. Resting EEG data and behavioral measures were collected from 45 autistic children and 34 neurotypical controls aged 8 to 18 years. Utilizing generalized additive models to account for nonlinear relations, we examined differences in the joint effect of age and nonverbal IQ by diagnosis as well as bivariate relations between age, nonverbal IQ, and PAF across diagnostic groups. Age was positively associated with PAF among neurotypical children but not among autistic children. In contrast, nonverbal IQ but not age was positively associated with PAF among autistic children. Models accounting for nonlinear relations revealed different developmental trajectories as a function of age and cognitive ability based on diagnostic status. Results align with prior evidence indicating that typical age-related increases in PAF are absent in autistic children and that PAF instead increases with cognitive ability in these children. Findings suggest the potential of PAF to index distinct trajectories of neural maturation in autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Finn
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gloria T Han
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adam J Naples
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julie M Wolf
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James C McPartland
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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9
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Green HL, Shen G, Franzen RE, Mcnamee M, Berman JI, Mowad TG, Ku M, Bloy L, Liu S, Chen YH, Airey M, McBride E, Goldin S, Dipiero MA, Blaskey L, Kuschner ES, Kim M, Konka K, Roberts TPL, Edgar JC. Differential Maturation of Auditory Cortex Activity in Young Children with Autism and Typical Development. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4076-4089. [PMID: 35960416 PMCID: PMC9372967 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Maturation of auditory cortex neural encoding processes was assessed in children with typical development (TD) and autism. Children 6-9 years old were enrolled at Time 1 (T1), with follow-up data obtained ~ 18 months later at Time 2 (T2), and ~ 36 months later at Time 3 (T3). Findings suggested an initial period of rapid auditory cortex maturation in autism, earlier than TD (prior to and surrounding the T1 exam), followed by a period of faster maturation in TD than autism (T1-T3). As a result of group maturation differences, post-stimulus group differences were observed at T1 but not T3. In contrast, stronger pre-stimulus activity in autism than TD was found at all time points, indicating this brain measure is stable across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Guannan Shen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rose E Franzen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marybeth Mcnamee
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theresa G Mowad
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Ku
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan Airey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma McBride
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sophia Goldin
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marissa A Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Konka
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Boland J, Telesca D, Sugar C, Jeste S, Dickinson A, DiStefano C, Şentürk D. Central Posterior Envelopes for Bayesian Functional Principal Component Analysis. JOURNAL OF DATA SCIENCE : JDS 2023; 21:715-734. [PMID: 38883309 PMCID: PMC11178334 DOI: 10.6339/23-jds1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Bayesian methods provide direct inference in functional data analysis applications without reliance on bootstrap techniques. A major tool in functional data applications is the functional principal component analysis which decomposes the data around a common mean function and identifies leading directions of variation. Bayesian functional principal components analysis (BFPCA) provides uncertainty quantification on the estimated functional model components via the posterior samples obtained. We propose central posterior envelopes (CPEs) for BFPCA based on functional depth as a descriptive visualization tool to summarize variation in the posterior samples of the estimated functional model components, contributing to uncertainty quantification in BFPCA. The proposed BFPCA relies on a latent factor model and targets model parameters within a mixed effects modeling framework using modified multiplicative gamma process shrinkage priors on the variance components. Functional depth provides a center-outward order to a sample of functions. We utilize modified band depth and modified volume depth for ordering of a sample of functions and surfaces, respectively, to derive at CPEs of the mean and eigenfunctions within the BFPCA framework. The proposed CPEs are showcased in extensive simulations. Finally, the proposed CPEs are applied to the analysis of a sample of power spectral densities (PSD) from resting state electroencephalography (EEG) where they lead to novel insights on diagnostic group differences among children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and their typically developing peers across age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Boland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
| | - Donatello Telesca
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
| | - Catherine Sugar
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
| | - Shafali Jeste
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Abigail Dickinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
| | - Charlotte DiStefano
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Damla Şentürk
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA
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11
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Rempe MP, Ott LR, Picci G, Penhale SH, Christopher-Hayes NJ, Lew BJ, Petro NM, Embury CM, Schantell M, Johnson HJ, Okelberry HJ, Losh KL, Willett MP, Losh RA, Wang YP, Calhoun VD, Stephen JM, Heinrichs-Graham E, Kurz MJ, Wilson TW. Spontaneous cortical dynamics from the first years to the golden years. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212776120. [PMID: 36652485 PMCID: PMC9942851 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212776120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the largest and most expansive lifespan magnetoencephalography (MEG) study to date (n = 434, 6 to 84 y), we provide critical data on the normative trajectory of resting-state spontaneous activity and its temporal dynamics. We perform cutting-edge analyses to examine age and sex effects on whole-brain, spatially-resolved relative and absolute power maps, and find significant age effects in all spectral bands in both types of maps. Specifically, lower frequencies showed a negative correlation with age, while higher frequencies positively correlated with age. These correlations were further probed with hierarchical regressions, which revealed significant nonlinear trajectories in key brain regions. Sex effects were found in absolute but not relative power maps, highlighting key differences between outcome indices that are generally used interchangeably. Our rigorous and innovative approach provides multispectral maps indicating the unique trajectory of spontaneous neural activity across the lifespan, and illuminates key methodological considerations with the widely used relative/absolute power maps of spontaneous cortical dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie P. Rempe
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
| | - Lauren R. Ott
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA92120
| | - Giorgia Picci
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
| | - Samantha H. Penhale
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
| | - Nicholas J. Christopher-Hayes
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA95618
| | - Brandon J. Lew
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Nathan M. Petro
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
| | - Christine M. Embury
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
| | - Mikki Schantell
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
| | - Hallie J. Johnson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
| | - Hannah J. Okelberry
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
| | - Kathryn L. Losh
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
| | - Madelyn P. Willett
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
| | - Rebecca A. Losh
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA70118
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA30303
| | | | - Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE68178
| | - Max J. Kurz
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE68178
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
- Center for Pediatric Brain Health, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE68010
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University, Omaha, NE68178
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12
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Candelaria-Cook FT, Schendel ME, Flynn L, Cerros C, Kodituwakku P, Bakhireva LN, Hill DE, Stephen JM. Decreased resting-state alpha peak frequency in children and adolescents with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders or prenatal alcohol exposure. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 57:101137. [PMID: 35878441 PMCID: PMC9310113 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can result in long-lasting changes to physical, behavioral, and cognitive functioning in children. PAE might result in decreased white matter integrity, corticothalamic tract integrity, and alpha cortical oscillations. Previous investigations of alpha oscillations in PAE/fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) have focused on average spectral power at specific ages; therefore, little is known about alpha peak frequency (APF) or its developmental trajectory making this research novel. Using resting-state MEG data, APF was determined from parietal/occipital regions in participants with PAE/FASD or typically developing controls (TDC). In total, MEG data from 157 infants, children, and adolescents ranging in age from 6 months to 17 years were used, including 17 individuals with PAE, 61 individuals with an FASD and 84 TDC. In line with our hypothesis, we found that individuals with PAE/FASD had significantly reduced APF relative to TDC. Both age and group were significantly related to APF with differences between TDC and PAE/FASD persisting throughout development. We did not find evidence that sex or socioeconomic status had additional impact on APF. Reduced APF in individuals with an FASD/PAE may represent a long-term deficit and demonstrates the detrimental impact prenatal alcohol exposure can have on neurophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan E Schendel
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lucinda Flynn
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Cassandra Cerros
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Piyadasa Kodituwakku
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ludmila N Bakhireva
- Substance Use Research and Education Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Dina E Hill
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Julia M Stephen
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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13
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Prany W, Patrice C, Franck D, Fabrice W, Mahdi M, Pierre D, Christian M, Jean-Marc G, Fabian G, Francis E, Jean-Marc B, Bérengère GG. EEG resting-state functional connectivity: evidence for an imbalance of external/internal information integration in autism. J Neurodev Disord 2022; 14:47. [PMID: 36030210 PMCID: PMC9419397 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-022-09456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with atypical neural activity in resting state. Most of the studies have focused on abnormalities in alpha frequency as a marker of ASD dysfunctions. However, few have explored alpha synchronization within a specific interest in resting-state networks, namely the default mode network (DMN), the sensorimotor network (SMN), and the dorsal attention network (DAN). These functional connectivity analyses provide relevant insight into the neurophysiological correlates of multimodal integration in ASD. Methods Using high temporal resolution EEG, the present study investigates the functional connectivity in the alpha band within and between the DMN, SMN, and the DAN. We examined eyes-closed EEG alpha lagged phase synchronization, using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) in 29 participants with ASD and 38 developing (TD) controls (age, sex, and IQ matched). Results We observed reduced functional connectivity in the ASD group relative to TD controls, within and between the DMN, the SMN, and the DAN. We identified three hubs of dysconnectivity in ASD: the posterior cingulate cortex, the precuneus, and the medial frontal gyrus. These three regions also presented decreased current source density in the alpha band. Conclusion These results shed light on possible multimodal integration impairments affecting the communication between bottom-up and top-down information. The observed hypoconnectivity between the DMN, SMN, and DAN could also be related to difficulties in switching between externally oriented attention and internally oriented thoughts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11689-022-09456-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantzen Prany
- Normandie univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France.,Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Clochon Patrice
- Normandie univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Doidy Franck
- Normandie univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Wallois Fabrice
- INSERM UMR-S 1105, GRAMFC, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne, CHU Sud, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Mahmoudzadeh Mahdi
- INSERM UMR-S 1105, GRAMFC, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne, CHU Sud, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Desaunay Pierre
- Normandie univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Mille Christian
- Centre Ressources Autisme Picardie, Service de Psychopathologie Enfants et Adolescents, CHU, 4 rue Grenier et Bernard, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Guilé Jean-Marc
- INSERM UMR-S 1105, GRAMFC, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne, CHU Sud, 80025, Amiens, France.,Centre Ressources Autisme Picardie, Service de Psychopathologie Enfants et Adolescents, CHU, 4 rue Grenier et Bernard, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Guénolé Fabian
- Normandie univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Eustache Francis
- Normandie univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Baleyte Jean-Marc
- Normandie univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France.,Service de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Centre Hospitalier Interuniversitaire de Créteil, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Guillery-Girard Bérengère
- Normandie univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France.
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14
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Strang CC, Harris A, Moody EJ, Reed CL. Peak frequency of the sensorimotor mu rhythm varies with autism-spectrum traits. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:950539. [PMID: 35992926 PMCID: PMC9389406 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.950539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by impairments in social perception and communication. Growing evidence suggests that the relationship between deficits in social perception and ASD may extend into the neurotypical population. In electroencephalography (EEG), high autism-spectrum traits in both ASD and neurotypical samples are associated with changes to the mu rhythm, an alpha-band (8–12 Hz) oscillation measured over sensorimotor cortex which typically shows reductions in spectral power during both one’s own movements and observation of others’ actions. This mu suppression is thought to reflect integration of perceptual and motor representations for understanding of others’ mental states, which may be disrupted in individuals with autism-spectrum traits. However, because spectral power is usually quantified at the group level, it has limited usefulness for characterizing individual variation in the mu rhythm, particularly with respect to autism-spectrum traits. Instead, individual peak frequency may provide a better measure of mu rhythm variability across participants. Previous developmental studies have linked ASD to slowing of individual peak frequency in the alpha band, or peak alpha frequency (PAF), predominantly associated with selective attention. Yet individual variability in the peak mu frequency (PMF) remains largely unexplored, particularly with respect to autism-spectrum traits. Here we quantified peak frequency of occipitoparietal alpha and sensorimotor mu rhythms across neurotypical individuals as a function of autism-spectrum traits. High-density 128-channel EEG data were collected from 60 participants while they completed two tasks previously reported to reliably index the sensorimotor mu rhythm: motor execution (bimanual finger tapping) and action observation (viewing of whole-body human movements). We found that individual measurement in the peak oscillatory frequency of the mu rhythm was highly reliable within participants, was not driven by resting vs. task states, and showed good correlation across action execution and observation tasks. Within our neurotypical sample, higher autism-spectrum traits were associated with slowing of the PMF, as predicted. This effect was not likely explained by volume conduction of the occipitoparietal PAF associated with attention. Together, these data support individual peak oscillatory alpha-band frequency as a correlate of autism-spectrum traits, warranting further research with larger samples and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison Harris
- Department of Psychological Science, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Alison Harris,
| | - Eric J. Moody
- Wyoming Institute for Disabilities (WIND), University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Catherine L. Reed
- Department of Psychological Science, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA, United States
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15
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Edgar JC, Berman JI, Liu S, Chen YH, Huang M, Brodkin ES, Roberts TPL, Bloy L. Two mechanisms facilitate regional independence between brain regions based on an examination of alpha-band activity in healthy control adult males. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 178:51-59. [PMID: 35718287 PMCID: PMC10155819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At rest, 8 to 12 Hz alpha rhythms are the dominant rhythm in the brain, with a common peak alpha frequency (PAF = the frequency at which alpha generators show maximum power) observed across brain regions. Although a common PAF across brain regions should result in high between-region connectivity, especially connectivity measures assessing the phase-similarity between alpha generators, high inter-regional alpha connectivity has not been observed. The present study was conducted as an initial step toward identifying mechanisms that allow brain regions to maintain functional independence in the presence of a common PAF. METHODS MEG data were obtained from 16 healthy control male adults (mean age = 24 years; range 21 to 30 years). A task requiring participants to alternate between a 10 s eyes-closed condition and a 5 s eyes-open condition was used to drive parietal-occipital alpha generators, with the 10 s eyes-closed condition eliciting large-amplitude alpha activity and thus providing alpha measures with good signal-to-noise ratio for source localization. Alpha source-space measures were obtained using Vector-based Spatial-Temporal Analysis using L1-minimum-norm. In each participant, the four strongest parietal-occipital alpha generators were identified. Connectivity between sources was assessed via a measure of phase-based connectivity called inter-site phase clustering (ISPC). RESULTS Intra-class correlations (ICC) showed very high similarity in the average PAF (=computed using all eyes-closed data) between the four alpha sources (ICC single measure = 0.88, p < 0.001). Despite a common average PAF, across participants, significant ISPC was often observed no more than that expected by chance. Examination of the alpha time course data indicated that low ISPC was often due to instantaneous changes in alpha phase (phase slips). ISPC analyses removing data with phase slips indicated that low ISPC was also due to slight continuous changes in the alpha frequency, with frequency drift more likely in non-significant than significant ISPC trials. CONCLUSIONS The present exploratory effort suggested two processes underlying the lack of observed inter-regional alpha phase coherence that may help maintain regional functional independence even in the presence of a common PAF. In particular, although the alpha generators were observed to oscillate at the same rate on average, across time each alpha generator oscillated a little slower or faster, and about every one and a half seconds an alpha generator abruptly lost the beat. Because of this, functional independence among alpha generators (and thus brain regions) was the rule rather than the exception. Studies replicating these processes that allow brain regions to maintain functional independence, using different source localization methods and in different conditions (e.g., a true resting state), are warranted. IMPACT STATEMENT Using source localization to measure parietal-occipital alpha generator activity, two properties that limit between-region alpha functional connectivity are proposed. In particular, a model of alpha generator activity is offered where via transient phase slips occurring approximately every 1.5 s, as well as slight non-stationarity in the alpha frequency, brain regions retain a common alpha frequency while also maintaining regional identity and presumably functionality. Findings also suggest novel markers for use in studies examining changes in alpha activity across maturation as well as in studies examining alpha activity in patient populations where alpha abnormalities have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Song Liu
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mingxiong Huang
- The University of California San Diego, Department of Radiology, San Diego, CA, USA; San Diego VA Healthcare System, Department of Radiology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Edward S Brodkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Translational Research Laboratory, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Luke Bloy
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Scheffler AW, Dickinson A, DiStefano C, Jeste S, Şentürk D. Covariate-adjusted hybrid principal components analysis for region-referenced functional EEG data. STATISTICS AND ITS INTERFACE 2022; 15:209-223. [PMID: 35664510 PMCID: PMC9165697 DOI: 10.4310/21-sii712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) studies produce region-referenced functional data via EEG signals recorded across scalp electrodes. The high-dimensional data can be used to contrast neurodevelopmental trajectories between diagnostic groups, for example between typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Valid inference requires characterization of the complex EEG dependency structure as well as covariate-dependent heteroscedasticity, such as changes in variation over developmental age. In our motivating study, EEG data is collected on TD and ASD children aged two to twelve years old. The peak alpha frequency, a prominent peak in the alpha spectrum, is a biomarker linked to neurodevelopment that shifts as children age. To retain information, we model patterns of alpha spectral variation, rather than just the peak location, regionally across the scalp and chronologically across development. We propose a covariate-adjusted hybrid principal components analysis (CA-HPCA) for EEG data, which utilizes both vector and functional principal components analysis while simultaneously adjusting for covariate-dependent heteroscedasticity. CA-HPCA assumes the covariance process is weakly separable conditional on observed covariates, allowing for covariate-adjustments to be made on the marginal covariances rather than the full covariance leading to stable and computationally efficient estimation. The proposed methodology provides novel insights into neurodevelopmental differences between TD and ASD children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abigail Dickinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Charlotte DiStefano
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Shafali Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Damla Şentürk
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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17
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Green HL, Dipiero M, Koppers S, Berman JI, Bloy L, Liu S, McBride E, Ku M, Blaskey L, Kuschner E, Airey M, Kim M, Konka K, Roberts TP, Edgar JC. Peak Alpha Frequency and Thalamic Structure in Children with Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:103-112. [PMID: 33629214 PMCID: PMC8384980 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Associations between age, resting-state (RS) peak-alpha-frequency (PAF = frequency showing largest amplitude alpha activity), and thalamic volume (thalamus thought to modulate alpha activity) were examined to understand differences in RS alpha activity between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically-developing children (TDC) noted in prior studies. RS MEG and structural-MRI data were obtained from 51 ASD and 70 TDC 6- to 18-year-old males. PAF and thalamic volume maturation were observed in TDC but not ASD. Although PAF was associated with right thalamic volume in TDC (R2 = 0.12, p = 0.01) but not ASD (R2 = 0.01, p = 0.35), this group difference was not large enough to reach significance. Findings thus showed unusual maturation of brain function and structure in ASD as well as an across-group thalamic contribution to alpha rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding Author: Heather Green, PhD, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Tel: 267-425-2464, Fax: 215-590-1345,
| | - Marissa Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Simon Koppers
- Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey I. Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emma McBride
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Ku
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.,Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan Airey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Konka
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy P.L. Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - J. Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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18
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Williams OOF, Coppolino M, Perreault ML. Sex differences in neuronal systems function and behaviour: beyond a single diagnosis in autism spectrum disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:625. [PMID: 34887388 PMCID: PMC8660826 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is associated with functional brain alterations that underlie the expression of behaviour. Males are diagnosed up to four times more than females, and sex differences have been identified in memory, cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, and social communication. Unfortunately, there exists a lack of information on the sex-dependent mechanisms of ASD, as well as biological markers to distinguish sex-specific symptoms in ASD. This can often result in a standardized diagnosis for individuals across the spectrum, despite significant differences in the various ASD subtypes. Alterations in neuronal connectivity and oscillatory activity, such as is observed in ASD, are highly coupled to behavioural states. Yet, despite the well-identified sexual dimorphisms that exist in ASD, these functional patterns have rarely been analyzed in the context of sex differences or symptomology. This review summarizes alterations in neuronal oscillatory function in ASD, discusses the age, region, symptom and sex-specific differences that are currently observed across the spectrum, and potential targets for regulating neuronal oscillatory activity in ASD. The need to identify sex-specific biomarkers, in order to facilitate specific diagnostic criteria and allow for more targeted therapeutic approaches for ASD will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa L Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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19
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Stephen JM, Hill DE, Candelaria-Cook FT. Examining the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on corticothalamic connectivity: A multimodal neuroimaging study in children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 52:101019. [PMID: 34666262 PMCID: PMC8524752 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) experience a range of cognitive and behavioral effects. Prior studies have demonstrated white matter changes in children with FASD relative to typically developing controls (TDC) and these changes relate to behavior. Our prior MEG study (Candelaria-Cook et al. 2020) demonstrated reduced alpha oscillations during rest in FASD relative to TDC and alpha power is correlated with behavior. However, little is known about how brain structure influences brain function. We hypothesized that alpha power was related to corticothalamic connectivity. Children 8–13 years of age (TDC: N = 25, FASD: N = 24) underwent rest MEG with eyes open or closed and MRI to collect structural and diffusion tensor imaging data. MEG spectral analysis was performed for sensor and source data. We estimated mean fractional anisotropy in regions of interest (ROIs) that included the corticothalamic tracts. The FASD group had reduced mean FA in three of the corticothalamic ROIs. FA in these tracts was significantly correlated with alpha power at the sensor and source level. The results support the hypothesis that integrity of the corticothalamic tracts influences cortical alpha power. Further research is needed to understand how brain structure and function influence behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Stephen
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States; Psychiatry Department, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
| | - D E Hill
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States; Psychiatry Department, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - F T Candelaria-Cook
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States; Psychiatry Department, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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20
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Accurate assessment of low-function autistic children based on EEG feature fusion. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 90:351-358. [PMID: 34275574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a very serious neurodevelopmental disorder and diagnosis mainly depends on the clinical scale, which has a certain degree of subjectivity. It is necessary to make accurate evaluation by objective indicators. In this study, we enrolled 96 children aged from 3 to 6 years: 48 low-function autistic children (38 males and 10 females; mean±SD age: 4.9±1.1 years) and 48 typically developing (TD) children (38 males and 10 females; mean±SD age: 4.9 ± 1.2 years) to participate in our experiment. We investigated to fuse multi-features (entropy, relative power, coherence and bicoherence) to distinguish low-function autistic children and TD children accurately. Minimum redundancy maximum correlation algorithm was used to choose the features and support vector machine was used for classification. Ten-fold cross validation was used to test the accuracy of the model. Better classification result was obtained. We tried to provide a reliable basis for clinical evaluation and diagnosis for ASD.
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21
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Pierce S, Kadlaskar G, Edmondson DA, McNally Keehn R, Dydak U, Keehn B. Associations between sensory processing and electrophysiological and neurochemical measures in children with ASD: an EEG-MRS study. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:5. [PMID: 33407072 PMCID: PMC7788714 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with hyper- and/or hypo-sensitivity to sensory input. Spontaneous alpha power, which plays an important role in shaping responsivity to sensory information, is reduced across the lifespan in individuals with ASD. Furthermore, an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance has also been linked to sensory dysfunction in ASD and has been hypothesized to underlie atypical patterns of spontaneous brain activity. The present study examined whether resting-state alpha power differed in children with ASD as compared to TD children, and investigated the relationships between alpha levels, concentrations of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and atypical sensory processing in ASD. Methods Participants included thirty-one children and adolescents with ASD and thirty-one age- and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) participants. Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) was used to obtain measures of alpha power. A subset of participants (ASD = 16; TD = 16) also completed a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) protocol in order to measure concentrations of excitatory (glutamate + glutamine; Glx) and inhibitory (GABA) neurotransmitters. Results Children with ASD evidenced significantly decreased resting alpha power compared to their TD peers. MRS estimates of GABA and Glx did not differ between groups with the exception of Glx in the temporal-parietal junction. Inter-individual differences in alpha power within the ASD group were not associated with region-specific concentrations of GABA or Glx, nor were they associated with sensory processing differences. However, atypically decreased Glx was associated with increased sensory impairment in children with ASD. Conclusions Although we replicated prior reports of decreased alpha power in ASD, atypically reduced alpha was not related to neurochemical differences or sensory symptoms in ASD. Instead, reduced Glx in the temporal-parietal cortex was associated with greater hyper-sensitivity in ASD. Together, these findings may provide insight into the neural underpinnings of sensory processing differences present in ASD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11689-020-09351-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pierce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Girija Kadlaskar
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - David A Edmondson
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca McNally Keehn
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brandon Keehn
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. .,Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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22
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Proteau-Lemieux M, Knoth IS, Agbogba K, Côté V, Barlahan Biag HM, Thurman AJ, Martin CO, Bélanger AM, Rosenfelt C, Tassone F, Abbeduto LJ, Jacquemont S, Hagerman R, Bolduc F, Hessl D, Schneider A, Lippé S. EEG Signal Complexity Is Reduced During Resting-State in Fragile X Syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:716707. [PMID: 34858220 PMCID: PMC8632368 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.716707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1). FXS is associated with neurophysiological abnormalities, including cortical hyperexcitability. Alterations in electroencephalogram (EEG) resting-state power spectral density (PSD) are well-defined in FXS and were found to be linked to neurodevelopmental delays. Whether non-linear dynamics of the brain signal are also altered remains to be studied. Methods: In this study, resting-state EEG power, including alpha peak frequency (APF) and theta/beta ratio (TBR), as well as signal complexity using multi-scale entropy (MSE) were compared between 26 FXS participants (ages 5-28 years), and 7 neurotypical (NT) controls with a similar age distribution. Subsequently a replication study was carried out, comparing our cohort to 19 FXS participants independently recorded at a different site. Results: PSD results confirmed the increased gamma, decreased alpha power and APF in FXS participants compared to NT controls. No alterations in TBR were found. Importantly, results revealed reduced signal complexity in FXS participants, specifically in higher scales, suggesting that altered signal complexity is sensitive to brain alterations in this population. The replication study mostly confirmed these results and suggested critical points of stagnation in the neurodevelopmental curve of FXS. Conclusion: Signal complexity is a powerful feature that can be added to the electrophysiological biomarkers of brain maturation in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Proteau-Lemieux
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Inga Sophia Knoth
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kristian Agbogba
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Côté
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hazel Maridith Barlahan Biag
- University of California Davis Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Angela John Thurman
- University of California Davis Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | | | - Anne-Marie Bélanger
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cory Rosenfelt
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Flora Tassone
- University of California Davis Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Leonard J Abbeduto
- University of California Davis Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Randi Hagerman
- University of California Davis Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - François Bolduc
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Hessl
- University of California Davis Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Andrea Schneider
- University of California Davis Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States.,California North State University, College of Psychology, Rancho Cordova, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Lippé
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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23
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Nunes AS, Kozhemiako N, Hutcheon E, Chau C, Ribary U, Grunau RE, Doesburg SM. Atypical neuromagnetic resting activity associated with thalamic volume and cognitive outcome in very preterm children. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102275. [PMID: 32480286 PMCID: PMC7264077 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Children born very preterm, even in the absence of overt brain injury or major impairment, are at increased risk of cognitive difficulties. This risk is associated with developmental disruptions of the thalamocortical system during critical periods while in the neonatal intensive care unit. The thalamus is an important structure that not only relays sensory information but acts as a hub for integration of cortical activity which regulates cortical power across a range of frequencies. In this study, we investigate the association between atypical power at rest in children born very preterm at school age using magnetoencephalography (MEG), neurocognitive function and structural alterations related to the thalamus using MRI. Our results indicate that children born extremely preterm have higher power at slow frequencies (delta and theta) and lower power at faster frequencies (alpha and beta), compared to controls born full-term. A similar pattern of spectral power was found to be associated with poorer neurocognitive outcomes, as well as with normalized T1 intensity and the volume of the thalamus. Overall, this study provides evidence regarding relations between structural alterations related to very preterm birth, atypical oscillatory power at rest and neurocognitive difficulties at school-age children born very preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonay S Nunes
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - Nataliia Kozhemiako
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Evan Hutcheon
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Cecil Chau
- Pediatrics Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; B.C. Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Urs Ribary
- Behavioral & Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; Pediatrics Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; B.C. Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Ruth E Grunau
- Pediatrics Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; B.C. Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sam M Doesburg
- Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; Behavioral & Cognitive Neuroscience Institute, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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24
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Mash LE, Keehn B, Linke AC, Liu TT, Helm JL, Haist F, Townsend J, Müller RA. Atypical Relationships Between Spontaneous EEG and fMRI Activity in Autism. Brain Connect 2020; 10:18-28. [PMID: 31884804 PMCID: PMC7044766 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2019.0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been linked to atypical communication among distributed brain networks. However, despite decades of research, the exact nature of these differences between typically developing (TD) individuals and those with ASDs remains unclear. ASDs have been widely studied using resting-state neuroimaging methods, including both functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). However, little is known about how fMRI and EEG measures of spontaneous brain activity are related in ASDs. In the present study, two cohorts of children and adolescents underwent resting-state EEG (n = 38 per group) or fMRI (n = 66 ASD, 57 TD), with a subset of individuals in both the EEG and fMRI cohorts (n = 17 per group). In the EEG cohort, parieto-occipital EEG alpha power was found to be reduced in ASDs. In the fMRI cohort, blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) power was regionally increased in right temporal regions and there was widespread overconnectivity between the thalamus and cortical regions in the ASD group relative to the TD group. Finally, multimodal analyses indicated that while TD children showed consistently positive relationships between EEG alpha power and regional BOLD power, these associations were weak or negative in ASDs. These findings suggest atypical links between alpha rhythms and regional BOLD activity in ASDs, possibly implicating neural substrates and processes that coordinate thalamocortical regulation of the alpha rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E. Mash
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California
| | - Brandon Keehn
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Annika C. Linke
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Thomas T. Liu
- Department of Radiology, Center for Functional MRI, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jonathan L. Helm
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Frank Haist
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jeanne Townsend
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ralph-Axel Müller
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California
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25
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Edgar JC. Identifying electrophysiological markers of autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia against a backdrop of normal brain development. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:1-11. [PMID: 31472015 PMCID: PMC10150852 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An examination of electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic studies demonstrates how age-related changes in brain neural function temporally constrain their use as diagnostic markers. A first example shows that, given maturational changes in the resting-state peak alpha frequency in typically developing children but not in children who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD), group differences in alpha-band activity characterize only a subset of children who have ASD. A second example, auditory encoding processes in schizophrenia, shows that the complication of normal age-related brain changes on detecting and interpreting group differences in neural activity is not specific to children. MRI studies reporting group differences in the rate of brain maturation demonstrate that a group difference in brain maturation may be a concern for all diagnostic brain markers. Attention to brain maturation is needed whether one takes a DSM-5 or a Research Domain Criteria approach to research. For example, although there is interest in cross-diagnostic studies comparing brain measures in ASD and schizophrenia, such studies are difficult given that measures are obtained in one group well after and in the other much closer to the onset of symptoms. In addition, given differences in brain activity among infants, toddlers, children, adolescents, and younger and older adults, creating tasks and research designs that produce interpretable findings across the life span and yet allow for development is difficult at best. To conclude, brain imaging findings show an effect of brain maturation on diagnostic markers separate from (and potentially difficult to distinguish from) effects of disease processes. Available research with large samples already provides direction about the age range(s) when diagnostic markers are most robust and informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
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26
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Lesot MJ, Vieira S, Reformat MZ, Carvalho JP, Wilbik A, Bouchon-Meunier B, Yager RR. Covariate-Adjusted Hybrid Principal Components Analysis. INFORMATION PROCESSING AND MANAGEMENT OF UNCERTAINTY IN KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7274738 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50153-2_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) studies produce region-referenced functional data in the form of EEG signals recorded across electrodes on the scalp. The high-dimensional data capture underlying neural dynamics and it is of clinical interest to model differences in neurodevelopmental trajectories between diagnostic groups, for example typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In such cases, valid group-level inference requires characterization of the complex EEG dependency structure as well as covariate-dependent heteroscedasticity, such as changes in variation over developmental age. In our motivating study, resting state EEG is collected on both TD and ASD children aged two to twelve years old. The peak alpha frequency (PAF), defined as the location of a prominent peak in the alpha frequency band of the spectral density, is an important biomarker linked to neurodevelopment and is known to shift from lower to higher frequencies as children age. To retain the most amount of information from the data, we model patterns of alpha spectral variation, rather than just the peak location, regionally across the scalp and chronologically across development for both the TD and ASD diagnostic groups. We propose a covariate-adjusted hybrid principal components analysis (CA-HPCA) for region-referenced functional EEG data, which utilizes both vector and functional principal components analysis while simultaneously adjusting for covariate-dependent heteroscedasticity. CA-HPCA assumes the covariance process is weakly separable conditional on observed covariates, allowing for covariate-adjustments to be made on the marginal covariances rather than the full covariance leading to stable and computationally efficient estimation. A mixed effects framework is proposed to estimate the model components coupled with a bootstrap test for group-level inference. The proposed methodology provides novel insights into neurodevelopmental differences between TD and ASD children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Vieira
- IDMEC, IST, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Anna Wilbik
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Scheffler AW, Telesca D, Sugar CA, Jeste S, Dickinson A, DiStefano C, Şentürk D. Covariate-adjusted region-referenced generalized functional linear model for EEG data. Stat Med 2019; 38:5587-5602. [PMID: 31659786 PMCID: PMC6891124 DOI: 10.1002/sim.8384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) studies produce region-referenced functional data in the form of EEG signals recorded across electrodes on the scalp. It is of clinical interest to relate the highly structured EEG data to scalar outcomes such as diagnostic status. In our motivating study, resting-state EEG is collected on both typically developing (TD) children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 2 to 12 years old. The peak alpha frequency (PAF), defined as the location of a prominent peak in the alpha frequency band of the spectral density, is an important biomarker linked to neurodevelopment and is known to shift from lower to higher frequencies as children age. To retain the most amount of information from the data, we consider the oscillations in the spectral density within the alpha band, rather than just the peak location, as a functional predictor of diagnostic status (TD vs ASD), adjusted for chronological age. A covariate-adjusted region-referenced generalized functional linear model is proposed for modeling scalar outcomes from region-referenced functional predictors, which utilizes a tensor basis formed from one-dimensional discrete and continuous bases to estimate functional effects across a discrete regional domain while simultaneously adjusting for additional nonfunctional covariates, such as age. The proposed methodology provides novel insights into differences in neural development of TD and ASD children. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is investigated through extensive simulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W. Scheffler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Donatello Telesca
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Catherine A. Sugar
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Shafali Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Abigail Dickinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Charlotte DiStefano
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Damla Şentürk
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
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28
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Magnetic Source Imaging and Infant MEG: Current Trends and Technical Advances. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9080181. [PMID: 31357668 PMCID: PMC6721320 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9080181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is known for its temporal precision and good spatial resolution in cognitive brain research. Nonetheless, it is still rarely used in developmental research, and its role in developmental cognitive neuroscience is not adequately addressed. The current review focuses on the source analysis of MEG measurement and its potential to answer critical questions on neural activation origins and patterns underlying infants’ early cognitive experience. The advantages of MEG source localization are discussed in comparison with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), two leading imaging tools for studying cognition across age. Challenges of the current MEG experimental protocols are highlighted, including measurement and data processing, which could potentially be resolved by developing and improving both software and hardware. A selection of infant MEG research in auditory, speech, vision, motor, sleep, cross-modality, and clinical application is then summarized and discussed with a focus on the source localization analyses. Based on the literature review and the advancements of the infant MEG systems and source analysis software, typical practices of infant MEG data collection and analysis are summarized as the basis for future developmental cognitive research.
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29
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Kang JN, Song JJ, Casanova MF, Sokhadze EM, Li XL. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on children with low-function autism. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1254-1261. [PMID: 31228356 PMCID: PMC6834922 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a very complex neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by social difficulties and stereotypical or repetitive behavior. Some previous studies using low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have proven of benefit in ASD children. Methods In this study, 32 children (26 males and six females) with low‐function autism were enrolled, 16 children (three females and 13 males; mean ± SD age: 7.8 ± 2.1 years) received rTMS treatment twice every week, while the remaining 16 children (three females and 13 males; mean ± SD age: 7.2 ± 1.6 years) served as waitlist group. This study investigated the effects of rTMS on brain activity and behavioral response in the autistic children. Results Peak alpha frequency (PAF) is an electroencephalographic measure of cognitive preparedness and might be a neural marker of cognitive function for the autism. Coherence is one way to assess the brain functional connectivity of ASD children, which has proven abnormal in previous studies. The results showed significant increases in the PAF at the frontal region, the left temporal region, the right temporal region and the occipital region and a significant increase of alpha coherence between the central region and the right temporal region. Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) scores were also compared before and after receiving rTMS with positive effects shown on behavior. Conclusion These findings supported our hypothesis by demonstration of positive effects of combined rTMS neurotherapy in active treatment group as compared to the waitlist group, as the rTMS group showed significant improvements in behavioral and functional outcomes as compared to the waitlist group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Nan Kang
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jia-Jia Song
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Manuel F Casanova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville Campus, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Estate M Sokhadze
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville Campus, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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30
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Port RG, Dipiero MA, Ku M, Liu S, Blaskey L, Kuschner ES, Edgar JC, Roberts TP, Berman JI. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Demonstrate Regionally Specific Altered Resting-State Phase-Amplitude Coupling. Brain Connect 2019; 9:425-436. [PMID: 30900464 PMCID: PMC6588114 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2018.0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit altered electrophysiological alpha to gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). Preliminary reports with small samples report conflicting findings regarding the directionality of the alpha to gamma PAC alterations in ASD. The present study examined resting-state activity throughout the brain in a relatively large sample of 119 children with ASD and 47 typically developing children. Children with ASD demonstrated regionally specific abnormalities in alpha to low-gamma PAC, with increased alpha to low-gamma PAC for a central midline source and decreased PAC at lateral sources. Group differences in local gamma-band power did not account for the regional group differences in alpha to low-gamma PAC. Moreover, local alpha power did not significantly modulate alpha to low-gamma PAC estimates. Finally, PAC estimates were correlated with Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) indicating clinical relevance of the PAC metric. In conclusion, alpha to low-gamma PAC alterations in ASD demonstrate a heterogeneous spatial profile consistent with previous studies and were related to symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell G. Port
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marissa A. Dipiero
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Ku
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Autism Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily S. Kuschner
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J. Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy P.L. Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey I. Berman
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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31
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Edgar JC, Dipiero M, McBride E, Green HL, Berman J, Ku M, Liu S, Blaskey L, Kuschner E, Airey M, Ross JL, Bloy L, Kim M, Koppers S, Gaetz W, Schultz RT, Roberts TPL. Abnormal maturation of the resting-state peak alpha frequency in children with autism spectrum disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:3288-3298. [PMID: 30977235 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in resting-state (RS) neural rhythms in typically developing children (TDC) but not children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggest that RS measures may be of clinical use in ASD only for certain ages. The study examined this issue via assessing RS peak alpha frequency (PAF), a measure previous studies, have indicated as abnormal in ASD. RS magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data were obtained from 141 TDC (6.13-17.70 years) and 204 ASD (6.07-17.93 years). A source model with 15 regional sources projected the raw MEG surface data into brain source space. PAF was identified in each participant from the source showing the largest amplitude alpha activity (7-13 Hz). Given sex differences in PAF in TDC (females > males) and relatively few females in both groups, group comparisons were conducted examining only male TDC (N = 121) and ASD (N = 183). Regressions showed significant group slope differences, with an age-related increase in PAF in TDC (R2 = 0.32) but not ASD (R2 = 0.01). Analyses examining male children below or above 10-years-old (median split) indicated group effects only in the younger TDC (8.90 Hz) and ASD (9.84 Hz; Cohen's d = 1.05). In the older ASD, a higher nonverbal IQ was associated with a higher PAF. In the younger TDC, a faster speed of processing was associated with a higher PAF. PAF as a marker for ASD depends on age, with a RS alpha marker of more interest in younger versus older children with ASD. Associations between PAF and cognitive ability were also found to be age and group specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marissa Dipiero
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emma McBride
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather L Green
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Ku
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan Airey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Judith L Ross
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mina Kim
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Simon Koppers
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, Aachen, Germany
| | - William Gaetz
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert T Schultz
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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32
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Chen YH, Saby J, Kuschner E, Gaetz W, Edgar JC, Roberts TPL. Magnetoencephalography and the infant brain. Neuroimage 2019; 189:445-458. [PMID: 30685329 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that provides whole-head measures of neural activity with millisecond temporal resolution. Over the last three decades, MEG has been used for assessing brain activity, most commonly in adults. MEG has been used less often to examine neural function during early development, in large part due to the fact that infant whole-head MEG systems have only recently been developed. In this review, an overview of infant MEG studies is provided, focusing on the period from birth to three years. The advantages of MEG for measuring neural activity in infants are highlighted (See Box 1), including the ability to assess activity in brain (source) space rather than sensor space, thus allowing direct assessment of neural generator activity. Recent advances in MEG hardware and source analysis are also discussed. As the review indicates, efforts in this area demonstrate that MEG is a promising technology for studying the infant brain. As a noninvasive technology, with emerging hardware providing the necessary sensitivity, an expected deliverable is the capability for longitudinal infant MEG studies evaluating the developmental trajectory (maturation) of neural activity. It is expected that departures from neuro-typical trajectories will offer early detection and prognosis insights in infants and toddlers at-risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, thus paving the way for early targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joni Saby
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emily Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - William Gaetz
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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DiStefano C, Dickinson A, Baker E, Jeste SS. EEG Data Collection in Children with ASD: The Role of State in Data Quality and Spectral Power. RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 2019; 57:132-144. [PMID: 31223334 PMCID: PMC6585985 DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroencephalography can elucidate neurobiological mechanisms underlying heterogeneity in ASD. Studying the full range of children with ASD introduces methodological challenges stemming from participants' difficulties tolerating the data collection process, leading to diminished EEGdataretentionandincreasedvariabilityin participant 'state' during the recording. Quantifying state will improve data collection methods and aide in interpreting results. OBJECTIVES Observationally quantify participant state during the EEG recording; examine its relationship to child characteristics, data retention and spectral power. METHODS Participants included 5-11 year-old children with D (N=39) and age-matched TD children (N=16). Participants were acclimated to the EEG environment using behavioral strategies. EEG was recorded while participants watched a video of bubbles. Participant 'state' was rated using a Likert scale (Perceived State Rating: PSR). RESULTS Participants with ASD had more elevated PSR than TD participants. Less EEG data were retained in participants with higher PSR scores, but this was not related to age or IQ. TD participants had higher alpha power compared with the ASD group. Within the ASD group, participants with high PSR had decreased frontal alpha power. CONCLUSIONS Given supportive strategies, EEG data was collected from children with ASD across cognitive levels. Participant state influenced both EEG data retention and alpha spectral power. Alpha suppression is linked to attention and vigilance, suggesting that these participants were less 'at rest'. This highlights the importance of considering state when conducting EEG studies with challenging participants, both to increase data retention rates and to quantify the influence of state on EEG variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte DiStefano
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Abigail Dickinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elizabeth Baker
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Shafali Spurling Jeste
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience,University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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34
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Lefebvre A, Delorme R, Delanoë C, Amsellem F, Beggiato A, Germanaud D, Bourgeron T, Toro R, Dumas G. Alpha Waves as a Neuromarker of Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Challenge of Reproducibility and Heterogeneity. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:662. [PMID: 30327586 PMCID: PMC6174243 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is no consensus in the literature concerning the presence of abnormal alpha wave profiles in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This may be due to phenotypic heterogeneity among patients as well as the limited sample sizes utilized. Here we present our results of alpha wave profile analysis based on a sample larger than most of those in the field, performed using a robust processing pipeline. Methods: We compared the alpha waves profiles at rest in children with ASD to those of age-, sex-, and IQ-matched control individuals. We used linear regression and non-parametric normative models using age as covariate forparsing the clinical heterogeneity. We explored the correlation between EEG profiles and the patient's brain volumes, obtained from structural MRI. We automatized the detection of the alpha peak and visually quality controled our MRI measurements. We assessed the robustness of our results by running the EEG preprocessing with two different versions of Matlab as well as Python. Results: A simple linear regression between peak power or frequency of the alpha waves and the status or age of the participants did not allow to identify any statistically significant relationship. The non-parametric normative model (which took account the non-linear effect of age on the alpha profiles) suggested that participants with ASD displayed more variability than control participants for both frequency and amplitude of the alpha peak (p < 0.05). Independent of the status of the individual, we also observed weak associations (uncorrected p < 0.05) between the alpha frequency, and the volumes of several cortical and subcortical structures (in particular the striatum), but which did not survive correction for multiple testing and changed between analysis pelines. Discussions: Our study did not find evidence for abnormal alpha wave profiles in ASD. We propose, however, an analysis pipeline to perform standardized and automatized EEG analyses on large cohorts. These should help the community to address the challenge of clinical heterogeneity of ASD and to tackle the problems of reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Lefebvre
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Delanoë
- Neurophysiology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frederique Amsellem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Anita Beggiato
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - David Germanaud
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Toro
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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35
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Dickinson A, DiStefano C, Senturk D, Jeste SS. Peak alpha frequency is a neural marker of cognitive function across the autism spectrum. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:643-651. [PMID: 28700096 PMCID: PMC5766439 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive function varies substantially and serves as a key predictor of outcome and response to intervention in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet we know little about the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie cognitive function in children with ASD. The dynamics of neuronal oscillations in the alpha range (6-12 Hz) are associated with cognition in typical development. Peak alpha frequency is also highly sensitive to developmental changes in neural networks, which underlie cognitive function, and therefore, it holds promise as a developmentally sensitive neural marker of cognitive function in ASD. Here, we measured peak alpha band frequency under a task-free condition in a heterogeneous sample of children with ASD (N = 59) and age-matched typically developing (TD) children (N = 38). At a group level, peak alpha frequency was decreased in ASD compared to TD children. Moreover, within the ASD group, peak alpha frequency correlated strongly with non-verbal cognition. As peak alpha frequency reflects the integrity of neural networks, our results suggest that deviations in network development may underlie cognitive function in individuals with ASD. By shedding light on the neurobiological correlates of cognitive function in ASD, our findings lay the groundwork for considering peak alpha frequency as a useful biomarker of cognitive function within this population which, in turn, will facilitate investigations of early markers of cognitive impairment and predictors of outcome in high risk infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Dickinson
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, University of California, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, 760 Westwood Plaza, Suite A7-452 Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States of America
| | - Charlotte DiStefano
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, University of California, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, 760 Westwood Plaza, Suite A7-452 Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States of America
| | - Damla Senturk
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA School of Public Health, Room 21-254C, CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States of America
| | - Shafali Spurling Jeste
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, University of California, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, 760 Westwood Plaza, Suite A7-452 Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States of America
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Picci G, Gotts SJ, Scherf KS. A theoretical rut: revisiting and critically evaluating the generalized under/over-connectivity hypothesis of autism. Dev Sci 2018; 19:524-49. [PMID: 27412228 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In 2004, two papers proposed that pervasive functional under-connectivity (Just et al., ) or a trade-off between excessive local connectivity at the cost of distal under-connectivity (Belmonte et al., ) characterizes atypical brain organization in autism. Here, we take stock of the most recent and rigorous functional and structural connectivity findings with a careful eye toward evaluating the extent to which they support these original hypotheses. Indeed, the empirical data do not support them. From rsfMRI studies in adolescents and adults, there is an emerging consensus regarding long-range functional connections indicating cortico-cortical under-connectivity, specifically involving the temporal lobes, combined with subcortical-cortical over-connectivity. In contrast, there is little to no consensus regarding local functional connectivity or findings from task-based functional connectivity studies. The structural connectivity data suggest that white matter tracts are pervasively weak, particularly in the temporal lobe. Together, these findings are revealing how deeply complex the story is regarding atypical neural network organization in autism. In other words, distance and strength of connectivity as individual factors or as interacting factors do not consistently explain the patterns of atypical neural connectivity in autism. Therefore, we make several methodological recommendations and highlight developmental considerations that will help researchers in the field cultivate new hypotheses about the nature and mechanisms of potentially aberrant functional and structural connectivity in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Picci
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, USA
| | - Stephen J Gotts
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, USA
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Lajiness-O'Neill R, Brennan JR, Moran JE, Richard AE, Flores AM, Swick C, Goodcase R, Andersen T, McFarlane K, Rusiniak K, Kovelman I, Wagley N, Ugolini M, Albright J, Bowyer SM. Patterns of altered neural synchrony in the default mode network in autism spectrum disorder revealed with magnetoencephalography (MEG): Relationship to clinical symptomatology. Autism Res 2017; 11:434-449. [PMID: 29251830 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted neural synchrony may be a primary electrophysiological abnormality in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), altering communication between discrete brain regions and contributing to abnormalities in patterns of connectivity within identified neural networks. Studies exploring brain dynamics to comprehensively characterize and link connectivity to large-scale cortical networks and clinical symptoms are lagging considerably. Patterns of neural coherence within the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Salience Network (SN) during resting state were investigated in 12 children with ASD (MAge = 9.2) and 13 age and gender-matched neurotypicals (NT) (MAge = 9.3) with magnetoencephalography. Coherence between 231 brain region pairs within four frequency bands (theta (4-7 Hz), alpha, (8-12 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), and gamma (30-80 Hz)) was calculated. Relationships between neural coherence and social functioning were examined. ASD was characterized by lower synchronization across all frequencies, reaching clinical significance in the gamma band. Lower gamma synchrony between fronto-temporo-parietal regions was observed, partially consistent with diminished default mode network (DMN) connectivity. Lower gamma coherence in ASD was evident in cross-hemispheric connections between: angular with inferior/middle frontal; middle temporal with middle/inferior frontal; and within right-hemispheric connections between angular, middle temporal, and inferior/middle frontal cortices. Lower gamma coherence between left angular and left superior frontal, right inferior/middle frontal, and right precuneus and between right angular and inferior/middle frontal cortices was related to lower social/social-communication functioning. Results suggest a pattern of lower gamma band coherence in a subset of regions within the DMN in ASD (angular and middle temporal cortical areas) related to lower social/social-communicative functioning. Autism Res 2018, 11: 434-449. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY Communication between different areas of the brain was observed in children with ASD and neurotypical children while awake, but not working on a task. Magnetoencephalography was used to measure tiny magnetic fields naturally generated via brain activity. The brains of children with ASD showed less communication between areas that are important for social information processing compared to the brains of neurotypical children. The amount of communication between these areas was associated with social and social communication difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Lajiness-O'Neill
- Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan.,Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | - Casey Swick
- Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | - Ioulia Kovelman
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Neelima Wagley
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Susan M Bowyer
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.,Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
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38
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Foss-Feig JH, Adkinson BD, Ji JL, Yang G, Srihari VH, McPartland JC, Krystal JH, Murray JD, Anticevic A. Searching for Cross-Diagnostic Convergence: Neural Mechanisms Governing Excitation and Inhibition Balance in Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:848-861. [PMID: 28434615 PMCID: PMC5436134 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent theoretical accounts have proposed excitation and inhibition (E/I) imbalance as a possible mechanistic, network-level hypothesis underlying neural and behavioral dysfunction across neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). These two disorders share some overlap in their clinical presentation as well as convergence in their underlying genes and neurobiology. However, there are also clear points of dissociation in terms of phenotypes and putatively affected neural circuitry. We highlight emerging work from the clinical neuroscience literature examining neural correlates of E/I imbalance across children and adults with ASD and adults with both chronic and early-course SCZ. We discuss findings from diverse neuroimaging studies across distinct modalities, conducted with electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, including effects observed both during task and at rest. Throughout this review, we discuss points of convergence and divergence in the ASD and SCZ literature, with a focus on disruptions in neural E/I balance. We also consider these findings in relation to predictions generated by theoretical neuroscience, particularly computational models predicting E/I imbalance across disorders. Finally, we discuss how human noninvasive neuroimaging can benefit from pharmacological challenge studies to reveal mechanisms in ASD and SCZ. Collectively, we attempt to shed light on shared and divergent neuroimaging effects across disorders with the goal of informing future research examining the mechanisms underlying the E/I imbalance hypothesis across neurodevelopmental disorders. We posit that such translational efforts are vital to facilitate development of neurobiologically informed treatment strategies across neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Foss-Feig
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York; Seaver Autism Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Brendan D Adkinson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jie Lisa Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Genevieve Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vinod H Srihari
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - James C McPartland
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Division of Neurocognition, Neurocomputation, & Neurogenetics (N3), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John D Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Division of Neurocognition, Neurocomputation, & Neurogenetics (N3), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Division of Neurocognition, Neurocomputation, & Neurogenetics (N3), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Woodward ND, Giraldo-Chica M, Rogers B, Cascio CJ. Thalamocortical dysconnectivity in autism spectrum disorder: An analysis of the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 2:76-84. [PMID: 28584881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit differences in basic sensorimotor processing as well as general cortical excitability. These observations converge to implicate thalamocortical connectivity as a potential unifying neural mechanism. The goal of this study was to clarify mixed findings on thalamocortical functional connectivity in a large sample of individuals with ASD. METHODS Using the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE), we examined thalamocortical functional connectivity in 228 individuals with ASD and a matched comparison group of 228 typically developing individuals. In order to fully characterize thalamocortical functional networks, we employed complementary seed-based approaches that examined connectivity of major cortical divisions (e.g. prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe) with the thalamus and whole-brain connectivity of specific thalamic sub-regions. RESULTS Prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe, and sensorimotor cortex exhibited hyper-connectivity with the thalamus in ASD. In the whole-brain analysis, hyper-connectivity of several thalamic seeds included multiple cortical areas, but tended to converge in temporal cortical areas, including the temporoparietal junction. Follow-up analyses of age effects revealed that the connectivity abnormalities in ASD were more pronounced in adolescents compared to children and adults. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm previous findings of temporal and motor thalamocortical hyper-connectivity in ASD, and extend them to include somatosensory and prefrontal cortex. While not directly addressable with the data available in ABIDE, this widespread hyper-connectivity could theoretically account for sensorimotor symptoms and general cortical excitability in ASD. Future studies should target comprehensive clinical and behavioral characterization in combination with functional connectivity in order to explore this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Monica Giraldo-Chica
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Baxter Rogers
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN
| | - Carissa J Cascio
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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40
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Wilson TW, Heinrichs-Graham E, Proskovec AL, McDermott TJ. Neuroimaging with magnetoencephalography: A dynamic view of brain pathophysiology. Transl Res 2016; 175:17-36. [PMID: 26874219 PMCID: PMC4959997 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a noninvasive, silent, and totally passive neurophysiological imaging method with excellent temporal resolution (∼1 ms) and good spatial precision (∼3-5 mm). In a typical experiment, MEG data are acquired as healthy controls or patients with neurologic or psychiatric disorders perform a specific cognitive task, or receive sensory stimulation. The resulting data are generally analyzed using standard electrophysiological methods, coupled with advanced image reconstruction algorithms. To date, the total number of MEG instruments and associated users is significantly smaller than comparable human neuroimaging techniques, although this is likely to change in the near future with advances in the technology. Despite this small base, MEG research has made a significant impact on several areas of translational neuroscience, largely through its unique capacity to quantify the oscillatory dynamics of activated brain circuits in humans. This review focuses on the clinical areas where MEG imaging has arguably had the greatest impact in regard to the identification of aberrant neural dynamics at the regional and network level, monitoring of disease progression, determining how efficacious pharmacologic and behavioral interventions modulate neural systems, and the development of neural markers of disease. Specifically, this review covers recent advances in understanding the abnormal neural oscillatory dynamics that underlie Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum disorders, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders, cerebral palsy, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, cognitive aging, and post-traumatic stress disorder. MEG imaging has had a major impact on how clinical neuroscientists understand the brain basis of these disorders, and its translational influence is rapidly expanding with new discoveries and applications emerging continuously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony W Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Neb; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, Neb; Department of Neurological Sciences, UNMC, Omaha, Neb.
| | - Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Neb; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, Neb
| | - Amy L Proskovec
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, Neb; Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska - Omaha, Neb
| | - Timothy J McDermott
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Neb; Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, Neb
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41
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Dysfunction of sensory oscillations in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:848-861. [PMID: 27451342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent developmental disability characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Recently, anomalous sensory and perceptual function has gained an increased level of recognition as an important feature of ASD. A specific impairment in the ability to integrate information across brain networks has been proposed to contribute to these disruptions. A crucial mechanism for these integrative processes is the rhythmic synchronization of neuronal excitability across neural populations; collectively known as oscillations. In ASD there is believed to be a deficit in the ability to efficiently couple functional neural networks using these oscillations. This review discusses evidence for disruptions in oscillatory synchronization in ASD, and how disturbance of this neural mechanism contributes to alterations in sensory and perceptual function. The review also frames oscillatory data from the perspective of prevailing neurobiologically-inspired theories of ASD.
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42
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Dickinson A, Jones M, Milne E. Measuring neural excitation and inhibition in autism: Different approaches, different findings and different interpretations. Brain Res 2016; 1648:277-289. [PMID: 27421181 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The balance of neural excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) is often hypothesised to be altered in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One widely held view is that excitation levels are elevated relative to inhibition in ASD. Understanding whether, and how, E/I balance may be altered in ASD is important given the recent interest in trialling pharmacological interventions for ASD which target inhibitory neurotransmitter function. Here we provide a critical review of evidence for E/I balance in ASD. We conclude that data from a number of domains provides support for alteration in excitation and inhibitory neurotransmission in ASD, but when considered collectively, the available literature provide little evidence to support claims for either a net increase in excitation or a net increase in inhibition. Strengths and limitations of available techniques are considered, and directions for future research discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Dickinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK.
| | - Myles Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK
| | - Elizabeth Milne
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK.
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43
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Edgar JC, Fisk CL, Liu S, Pandey J, Herrington JD, Schultz RT, Roberts TPL. Translating Adult Electrophysiology Findings to Younger Patient Populations: Difficulty Measuring 40-Hz Auditory Steady-State Responses in Typically Developing Children and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Dev Neurosci 2016; 38:1-14. [PMID: 26730806 DOI: 10.1159/000441943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND x03B3; (∼30-80 Hz) brain rhythms are thought to be abnormal in neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In adult populations, auditory 40-Hz click trains or 40-Hz amplitude-modulated tones are used to assess the integrity of superior temporal gyrus (STG) 40-Hz x03B3;-band circuits. As STG 40-Hz auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are not fully developed in children, tasks using these stimuli may not be optimal in younger patient populations. The present study examined this issue in typically developing (TD) children as well as in children with ASD, using source localization to directly assess activity in the principal generators of the 40-Hz ASSR in the left and right primary/secondary auditory cortices. METHODS 40-Hz amplitude-modulated tones of 1 s duration were binaurally presented while magnetoencephalography data were obtained from 48 TD children (45 males; 7-14 years old) and 42 ASD children (38 males; 8-14 years old). T1-weighted structural MRI was obtained. Using single dipoles anatomically constrained to each participant's left and right Heschl's Gyrus, left and right 40-Hz ASSR total power (TP) and intertrial coherence (ITC) measures were obtained. Associations between 40-Hz ASSR TP, ITC and age as well as STG gray matter cortical thickness (CT) were assessed. Group STG function and structure differences were also examined. RESULTS TD and ASD did not differ in 40-Hz ASSR TP or ITC. In TD and ASD, age was associated with left and right 40-Hz ASSR ITC (p < 0.01). The interaction term was not significant, indicating in both groups a ∼0.01/year increase in ITC. 40-Hz ASSR TP and ITC were greater in the right than left STG. Groups did not differ in STG CT, and no associations were observed between 40-Hz ASSR activity and STG CT. Finally, right STG transient x03B3; (50-100 ms and 30-50 Hz) was greater in TD versus ASD (significant for TP, trend for ITC). CONCLUSIONS The 40-Hz ASSR develops, in part, via an age-related increase in neural synchrony. Greater right than left 40-Hz ASSRs (ITC and TP) suggested earlier maturation of right versus left STG neural network(s). Given a ∼0.01/year increase in ITC, 40-Hz ASSRs were weak or absent in many of the younger participants, suggesting that 40-Hz driving stimuli are not optimal for examining STG 40-Hz auditory neural circuits in younger populations. Given the caveat that 40-Hz auditory steady-state neural networks are poorly assessed in children, the present analyses did not point to atypical development of STG 40-Hz ASSRs in higher-functioning children with ASD. Although groups did not differ in 40-Hz auditory steady-state activity, replicating previous studies, there was evidence for greater right STG transient x03B3; activity in TD versus ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
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44
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Edgar JC, Fisk Iv CL, Berman JI, Chudnovskaya D, Liu S, Pandey J, Herrington JD, Port RG, Schultz RT, Roberts TPL. Auditory encoding abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder suggest delayed development of auditory cortex. Mol Autism 2015; 6:69. [PMID: 26719787 PMCID: PMC4696177 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-015-0065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings of auditory abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) include delayed superior temporal gyrus auditory responses, pre- and post-stimulus superior temporal gyrus (STG) auditory oscillatory abnormalities, and atypical hemispheric lateralization. These abnormalities are likely associated with abnormal brain maturation. To better understand changes in brain activity as a function of age, the present study investigated associations between age and STG auditory time-domain and time-frequency neural activity. METHODS While 306-channel magnetoencephalography (MEG) data were recorded, 500- and 1000-Hz tones of 300-ms duration were binaurally presented. Evaluable data were obtained from 63 typically developing children (TDC) (6 to 14 years old) and 52 children with ASD (6 to 14 years old). T1-weighted structural MRI was obtained, and a source model created using single dipoles anatomically constrained to each participant's left and right STG. Using this source model, left and right 50-ms (M50), 100-ms (M100), and 200-ms (M200) time-domain and time-frequency measures (total power (TP) and inter-trial coherence (ITC)) were obtained. RESULTS Paired t tests showed a right STG M100 latency delay in ASD versus TDC (significant for right 500 Hz and marginally significant for right 1000 Hz). In the left and right STG, time-frequency analyses showed a greater pre- to post-stimulus increase in 4- to 16-Hz TP for both tones in ASD versus TDC after 150 ms. In the right STG, greater post-stimulus 4- to 16-Hz ITC for both tones was observed in TDC versus ASD after 200 ms. Analyses of age effects suggested M200 group differences that were due to a maturational delay in ASD, with left and right M200 decreasing with age in TDC but significantly less so in ASD. Additional evidence indicating delayed maturation of auditory cortex in ASD included atypical hemispheric functional asymmetries, including a right versus left M100 latency advantage in TDC but not ASD, and a stronger left than right M50 response in TDC but not ASD. CONCLUSIONS Present findings indicated maturational abnormalities in the development of primary/secondary auditory areas in children with ASD. It is hypothesized that a longitudinal investigation of the maturation of auditory network activity will indicate delayed development of each component of the auditory processing system in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Wood Building, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Charles L Fisk Iv
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Wood Building, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Wood Building, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Darina Chudnovskaya
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Wood Building, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Song Liu
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Wood Building, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Juhi Pandey
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - John D Herrington
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Russell G Port
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Wood Building, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Robert T Schultz
- Center for Autism Research, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd, Wood Building, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Veniero D, Vossen A, Gross J, Thut G. Lasting EEG/MEG Aftereffects of Rhythmic Transcranial Brain Stimulation: Level of Control Over Oscillatory Network Activity. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:477. [PMID: 26696834 PMCID: PMC4678227 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of rhythmic protocols have emerged for non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in humans, including transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation (otDCS), and repetitive (also called rhythmic) transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). With these techniques, it is possible to match the frequency of the externally applied electromagnetic fields to the intrinsic frequency of oscillatory neural population activity (“frequency-tuning”). Mounting evidence suggests that by this means tACS, otDCS, and rTMS can entrain brain oscillations and promote associated functions in a frequency-specific manner, in particular during (i.e., online to) stimulation. Here, we focus instead on the changes in oscillatory brain activity that persist after the end of stimulation. Understanding such aftereffects in healthy participants is an important step for developing these techniques into potentially useful clinical tools for the treatment of specific patient groups. Reviewing the electrophysiological evidence in healthy participants, we find aftereffects on brain oscillations to be a common outcome following tACS/otDCS and rTMS. However, we did not find a consistent, predictable pattern of aftereffects across studies, which is in contrast to the relative homogeneity of reported online effects. This indicates that aftereffects are partially dissociated from online, frequency-specific (entrainment) effects during tACS/otDCS and rTMS. We outline possible accounts and future directions for a better understanding of the link between online entrainment and offline aftereffects, which will be key for developing more targeted interventions into oscillatory brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Veniero
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Joachim Gross
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Gregor Thut
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
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46
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Ghanbari Y, Bloy L, Tunc B, Shankar V, Roberts TPL, Edgar JC, Schultz RT, Verma R. On characterizing population commonalities and subject variations in brain networks. Med Image Anal 2015; 38:215-229. [PMID: 26674972 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain networks based on resting state connectivity as well as inter-regional anatomical pathways obtained using diffusion imaging have provided insight into pathology and development. Such work has underscored the need for methods that can extract sub-networks that can accurately capture the connectivity patterns of the underlying population while simultaneously describing the variation of sub-networks at the subject level. We have designed a multi-layer graph clustering method that extracts clusters of nodes, called 'network hubs', which display higher levels of connectivity within the cluster than to the rest of the brain. The method determines an atlas of network hubs that describes the population, as well as weights that characterize subject-wise variation in terms of within- and between-hub connectivity. This lowers the dimensionality of brain networks, thereby providing a representation amenable to statistical analyses. The applicability of the proposed technique is demonstrated by extracting an atlas of network hubs for a population of typically developing controls (TDCs) as well as children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and using the structural and functional networks of a population to determine the subject-level variation of these hubs and their inter-connectivity. These hubs are then used to compare ASD and TDCs. Our method is generalizable to any population whose connectivity (structural or functional) can be captured via non-negative network graphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Ghanbari
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States .
| | - Luke Bloy
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States ; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Birkan Tunc
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Varsha Shankar
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Robert T Schultz
- Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ragini Verma
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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Lainhart JE. Brain imaging research in autism spectrum disorders: in search of neuropathology and health across the lifespan. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2015; 28:76-82. [PMID: 25602243 PMCID: PMC4465432 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Advances in brain imaging research in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are rapidly occurring, and the amount of neuroimaging research has dramatically increased over the past 5 years. In this review, advances during the past 12 months and longitudinal studies are highlighted. RECENT FINDINGS Cross-sectional neuroimaging research provides evidence that the neural underpinnings of the behavioral signs of ASD involve not only dysfunctional integration of information across distributed brain networks but also basic dysfunction in primary cortices.Longitudinal studies of ASD show abnormally enlarged brain volumes and increased rates of brain growth during early childhood in only a small minority of ASD children. There is evidence of disordered development of white matter microstructure and amygdala growth, and at 2 years of age, network inefficiencies in posterior cerebral regions.From older childhood into adulthood, atypical age-variant and age-invariant changes in the trajectories of total and regional brain volumes and cortical thickness are apparent at the group level. SUMMARY There is evidence of abnormalities in posterior lobes and posterior brain networks during the first 2 years of life in ASD and, even in older children and adults, dysfunction in primary cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E. Lainhart
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, and Autism & Developmental Disorders Clinic, Waisman Center, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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