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Sonmez AI, Garcia JQ, Thitiseranee L, Blacker CJ, Lewis CP. Scoping Review: Transdiagnostic Measurement of Impulsivity Domains in Youth Using the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scales. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:789-812. [PMID: 38552900 PMCID: PMC11283967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impulsivity contributes to many clinically relevant behaviors impacting youth. A scoping review was conducted to characterize existing research using the Urgency, Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), Sensation Seeking (UPPS) Impulsive Behavior Scales in youth populations, to review the psychometric and validity data of UPPS, and to summarize findings related to sex/gender and diagnostic populations of youth. METHOD PubMed, Embase, and PsycNET databases were searched from January 1, 2001 (original UPPS publication) through October 2, 2022, according to PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Articles were reviewed for inclusion/exclusion by 2 authors. Original research articles in English using any UPPS version or subscale in persons aged ≤21 years were included. RESULTS Inclusion criteria were met by 45 articles, with low bias and moderate-to-high quality. Most were cross-sectional studies; studies investigated diverse community and clinical samples. The UPPS demonstrated consistent factor structure, good reliability, and good external validity with other measures of impulsive behaviors and conditions associated with impaired impulse control. Some studies observed differences in UPPS domain scores between sex/gender groups or differential patterns in relationships between UPPS domains and clinical variables. UPPS subscale scores often differed in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorders, substance use, and excess weight/obesity compared with control youth. UPPS domains commonly had interactions with sex/gender, sociodemographic, and diagnosis-related variables. CONCLUSION The current literature suggests that the UPPS has utility in measuring distinct components of impulsivity in clinical and nonclinical populations of youth. Specificity in discriminating diagnostic groups and predicting risk currently remains uncertain. Further research is needed to integrate UPPS measures with experimental models and additional neurobiological methods and to assess longitudinal developmental trajectories. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Impulsivity contributes to many clinically relevant behaviors and mental health disorders that impact youth. The Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking (UPPS) Impulsive Behavior Scale has been increasingly used in research to measure deficits in impulse control. In this scoping review the authors examined 45 studies that used versions of the UPPS to measure different domains of impulsivity in youth aged 21 years and younger. The authors found evidence in the literature for the validity and reliability of the UPPS and its variants in measuring impulsivity in youth. Certain patterns of UPPS subscale scores corresponded with clinical behaviors and diagnoses including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder, substance use, and excessive weight/obesity. Despite this, there remain gaps in the literature regarding the stability of UPPS measures over time and ability of the UPPS to predict clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caren J Blacker
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Charles P Lewis
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Baker C, Fairclough S, Ogden RS, Barnes R, Tootill J. Trait impulsivity influences behavioural and physiological responses to threat in a virtual environment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9484. [PMID: 38664505 PMCID: PMC11045749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Trait impulsivity represents a tendency to take action without forethought or consideration of consequences. This trait is multifaceted and can be decomposed into attentional, motor and non-planning subtypes of impulsivity. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how subtypes of trait impulsivity responded to different degrees of threat within room-scale virtual reality (VR) with respect to behaviour and level of physiological activation. Thirty-four participants were required to negotiate a virtual environment (VE) where they walked at height with the continuous threat of a virtual 'fall.' Behavioural measures related to the speed of movement, interaction frequency and risk were collected. Participants also wore ambulatory sensors to collect data from electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrodermal activity (EDA). Our results indicated that participants who scored highly on non-planning impulsivity exhibited riskier behaviour and higher skin conductance level (SCL). Participants with higher motor impulsivity interacted with more objects in the VE when threat was high, they also exhibited contradictory indicators of physiological activation. Attentional impulsivity was associated with a greater number of falls across the VE. The results demonstrate that subtypes of trait impulsivity respond to threats via different patterns of behaviour and levels of physiological activation, reinforcing the multifaceted nature of the trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Baker
- School of Computer Science & Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | | | - Ruth S Ogden
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rachel Barnes
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jessica Tootill
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Oguchi M, Furukawa E, Nagahama N, Perera KD, Tripp G. Relationships between experimental task and questionnaire measures of reward/punishment sensitivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): protocol for a scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078026. [PMID: 38355179 PMCID: PMC10868308 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the purported underlying causal mechanisms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is altered motivational processes. Questionnaires have been used to identify the characteristics of reward and punishment sensitivity in individuals with ADHD. However, these questionnaires were initially developed to measure individual traits related to anxiety (inhibitory) and impulsivity (approach) tendencies or differences in pleasure-seeking. These reward and punishment sensitivity questionnaires are useful but might not capture all relevant aspects of altered motivational processes in ADHD. The proposed scoping review aims to: (1) examine which aspects of hypothesised altered reward and punishment sensitivity correspond to constructs measured by existing questionnaires, (2) characterise the relationships between ADHD symptomatology and reward and punishment sensitivity as measured by existing questionnaires and (3) evaluate the consistency between the altered reward and punishment sensitivity as measured by existing questionnaires and experimental task performance. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Reporting of the scoping review results will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews and the Joanna Briggs Methodology for Scoping Reviews. Published English-language literature was searched in three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO) on 16 November 2023, with no restriction on the year of publication. Two researchers independently screened all identified titles/abstracts before proceeding to full-text review and additional handsearching of relevant studies. A narrative review and conclusions will be presented together with tables summarising the articles reviewed and the results organised by the three aims. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study reviews existing publications with ethical approval in place. Therefore, ethical approval is not required. Review results will be disseminated through academic conferences and peer-reviewed manuscripts. Scoping review results will also inform future research to measure and identify altered motivational processes in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Oguchi
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
- Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Furukawa
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Naano Nagahama
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kokila Dilhani Perera
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Gail Tripp
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
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Rosenthal EA, Broos HC, Timpano KR, Johnson SL. Does Emotion-Related Impulsivity Relate to Specific ADHD Symptom Dimensions, and Do the Effects Generalize Across Comorbid Internalizing and Externalizing Syndromes? J Atten Disord 2024; 28:178-188. [PMID: 37961911 PMCID: PMC10751976 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231210283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent work highlights the role of emotion dysregulation in the pathology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). As such, emotion-related impulsivity (ERI), the trait-like tendency toward disinhibited thoughts (Pervasive Influence of Feelings, PIF) and actions (Feelings Trigger Action, FTA) during heightened emotional states, may be particularly relevant. We explored whether Inattention (IN) and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (HI), two core symptom dimensions of ADHD, would relate to distinct facets of ERI, and whether externalizing and internalizing symptoms would moderate these relations. METHOD Using structural equation modeling, we examined hypotheses among 364 adults recruited for high internalizing and externalizing symptoms. RESULTS We identified significant paths for FTA regressed on HI and PIF regressed on IN, supporting our hypotheses about main effects. Moderating paths were not significant. CONCLUSIONS IN and HI correlate with distinct forms of ERI, These effects appear to generalize across co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
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Cooke JT, Schmidt AT, Garos S, Littlefield AK. The Relations Between an Inventory-Based Measure of Executive Function and Impulsivity Factors in Alcohol- and Cannabis-Relevant Outcomes. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 38:1068-1081. [PMID: 37001549 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While the lack of relation between performance- and inventory-based executive function (EF) measures is well documented, there remains ambiguity between self-report EFs and closely related constructs (e.g., impulsivity) assessed via the same method. The degree of convergence between purported EF measures with similar yet distinct constructs contain important theoretical implications for available EF assessment strategies and their construct validity. A newer measure of EF, the Behavior Regulation Inventory of Executive Functions-Adult (BRIEF-A), allows for more direct comparisons to self-reported measures of impulsivity, such as the commonly used Urgency, Planning, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking-Positive Urgency (UPPS-P) assessment. METHOD The present study used factor analysis and hierarchical regression to explore the associations between the BRIEF-A and UPPS-P, using alcohol and cannabis consumption across various outcomes (i.e., quantity-frequency and consequences) as an external criterion. Participants were 339 undergraduate students (Mage = 19.35; Female = 63%) from a large southwestern university. RESULTS The BRIEF-A and UPPS-P demonstrated strong correlations at both higher- and lower order facets. While the BRIEF-A was a significant correlate to many substance use outcomes, these relations were generally weaker than those seen with the UPPS-P. Hierarchical regression suggested limited contributions of the BRIEF-A over and above the UPPS-P. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study suggested substantial overlap between impulsigenic factors and EFs when measured by self-report, and limited utility of EF measures to account for unique variance with substance use outcomes in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Cooke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42051, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Adam T Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42051, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Sheila Garos
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42051, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Andrew K Littlefield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42051, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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Abed M, Mansureh HH, Masoud GAL, Elaheh H, Mohammad-Hossein NHK, Yamin BD, Abdol-Hossein V. Construction of Meta-Thinking Educational Program Based on Mental-Brain Simulation ( MTMBS) and Evaluating its Effectiveness on Executive Functions, Emotion Regulation, and Impulsivity in Children With ADHD: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:1223-1251. [PMID: 36843348 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231155436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of present research was to make a Meta-Thinking educational program based on mental-brain simulation and to evaluate its effectiveness on executive functions, emotion regulation and impulsivity in children with ADHD. METHODS The research method was Embedded Design: Embedded Experimental Model. The research sample included 32 children with ADHD who were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The intervention was implemented for eight sessions of 1.5 hr for the experimental group, and fMRI images were taken from them, while the control group didn't receive any treatment. Finally, using semi-structured interviews, coherent information was collected from the parents of the experimental group about the changes made. Data were analyzed with SPSS-24, MAXQDA, fMRIprep, and FSL software. RESULTS The Meta-Thinking Educational Program had effect on performance of ADHD children and suppressed brain regions related to DMN. CONCLUSION The Implementation of this educational program plays a vital role in improving psychological problems of children with ADHD.
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Associations of UPPS-P negative urgency and positive urgency with ADHD dimensions: Moderation by lack of premeditation and lack of perseverance in men and women. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Ryan D, Sadek J. Risk and Adversity Factors in Adult Patients with Comorbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Binge Eating Disorder (BED), and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): A Naturalistic Exploratory Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040669. [PMID: 37190634 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was a retrospective pilot chart review of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients diagnosed with and without comorbid binge eating disorder (BED) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). ADHD research is critical because of its prevalence and persistence into adulthood. In the literature, ADHD, BED, and BPD are linked to an underlying impulsivity factor. This comparative study examined whether differences existed between patient groups concerning risk factors, comorbid disorders, and continuous performance test (CPT) cognitive scoring. The main goal was to find significant associations suggestive of correlations between specific factors and a principal diagnosis of ADHD with comorbid BED and BPD. Study participants were patients between 18 and 30 diagnosed by a psychiatrist in an outpatient clinic between June 2022 and December 2022. Both the control and comorbidity groups included 50 participants (N = 100). Patients were randomly chosen based on the chronological order of intake visit dates at the clinic and were selected as participants upon meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through the Med Access EMR database, with quantitative data analyzed using SPSS and chi-squared p-value tests. The results showed significant associations between a principal diagnosis of ADHD with comorbid BPD and BED and (1) having four or more overall risk factors; (2) having five specific reported psychosocial risk factors: family issues, bullying, poverty, trouble with the law, and physical abuse; and (3) having on average more risk factors and comorbidities as compared to ADHD patients without comorbid BPD and BED. No association was found between low CPT scores and, thus, differential cognitive functionality between groups. This research will inform future study hypotheses to develop the clinical profile of ADHD patients with comorbid BED and BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Ryan
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Joseph Sadek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Eray Ş, Sigirli D, Yavuz BE, Şahin V, Liu M, Cyders MA. Turkish adaptation and validation of the Short-UPPS-P in adolescents and examination of different facets of impulsivity in adolescents with ADHD. Child Neuropsychol 2023; 29:503-519. [PMID: 35862123 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2022.2100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The short form of the Impulsive Behavior scale (S-UPPS-P) is a widely used scale to measure multiple impulsive personality traits; although it has been translated into many languages, no Turkish translation has been studied to date. Our study had two aims. First, we tested the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the S-UPPS-P for adolescents. Second, we examined impulsive trait characteristics exhibited by adolescents with ADHD, compared to a community sample. We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Turkish S-UPPS-P scale in 384 adolescents aged 11-18 and tested correlations with ADHD symptoms by assessing 41 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. Our results showed that with a few slight modifications the Turkish translation of the S-UPPS-P scale can validly assess impulsive trait characteristics for Turkish adolescents. The subscales of lack of premeditation, positive urgency, and negative urgency efficiently distinguished between adolescents with ADHD and control subjects. This is the first scale to evaluate the multidimensional nature of impulsivity in Turkish adolescents. This scale is capable of screening various facets of impulsivity in typically developing adolescents as well as those with ADHD, enabling us to enhance our understanding of possible risks for comorbid diseases in the latter group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şafak Eray
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Deniz Sigirli
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Büşra Ece Yavuz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Volkan Şahin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bursa Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Melissa Liu
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Gillespie KM, Kemps E, White MJ, Bartlett SE. The Impact of Free Sugar on Human Health-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:889. [PMID: 36839247 PMCID: PMC9966020 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of nutrition in human health has been understood for over a century. However, debate is ongoing regarding the role of added and free sugars in physiological and neurological health. In this narrative review, we have addressed several key issues around this debate and the major health conditions previously associated with sugar. We aim to determine the current evidence regarding the role of free sugars in human health, specifically obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cognition, and mood. We also present some predominant theories on mechanisms of action. The findings suggest a negative effect of excessive added sugar consumption on human health and wellbeing. Specific class and source of carbohydrate appears to greatly influence the impact of these macronutrients on health. Further research into individual effects of carbohydrate forms in diverse populations is needed to understand the complex relationship between sugar and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri M. Gillespie
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Eva Kemps
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Melanie J. White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Selena E. Bartlett
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
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Šašinka Č, Lacko D, Čeněk J, Popelka S, Ugwitz P, Řádová H, Fabianová M, Šašinková A, Brančík J, Jankovská M. ImGo: A Novel Tool for Behavioral Impulsivity Assessment Based on Go/NoGo Tasks. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:434-476. [PMID: 34424085 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript aims to present a novel behavioral impulsivity test ImGo, which is suitable for impulsivity assessment in the general population. A series of three studies was conducted to validate its psychometric qualities. In Study 1 we describe the principles of ImGo and verify its test-retest and split-half reliability and its convergent validity with an impulsivity self-report scale and Stop Signal test. In Study 2 we re-analyze the convergent validity of ImGo with a Stop Signal test and examine the potential relationship between ImGo and oculomotor inhibition measured by an Anti-Saccades test. In Study 3 we present a robust research with a large sample size and investigate the discriminant validity of ImGo with tests of other related cognitive and executive processes. Backed by our findings from these studies we can safely claim ImGo is a powerful tool with a good level of reliability (both test-retest and split-half) and validity (convergent and discriminant). Its potential lies in its use in diagnostic and research practice of experts from various countries as the test has already been translated to 9 languages so far. The open-source Hypothesis platform, on which the ImGo test is running, provides the option of both individual and group testing in laboratory conditions as well as remotely through an internet browser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Č Šašinka
- Department of Information and Library Studies, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - D Lacko
- Department of Information and Library Studies, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic; HUME Lab - Experimental Humanities Laboratory, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - J Čeněk
- Department of Information and Library Studies, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - S Popelka
- Department of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - P Ugwitz
- Department of Information and Library Studies, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - H Řádová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - M Fabianová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - A Šašinková
- Department of Information and Library Studies, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - J Brančík
- Military Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - M Jankovská
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
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Gomez R, Stavropoulos V, Watson S, Brown T, Chen W. Inter-relationships between ADHD, ODD and impulsivity dimensions in emerging adults revealed by network analysis: extending the ‘trait impulsivity hypothesis’. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10712. [PMID: 36247147 PMCID: PMC9561741 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The trait-impulsivity hypothesis posits impulsivity as the underlying substrate of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptom expressions. The current study applied network analysis to evaluate the inter-relationships of dimensions within ADHD (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) and ODD (anger/irritable, vindictiveness, and argumentative/defiant behavior) with components of impulsivity as captured by the UPPS-P model (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking, and positive urgency). Method A total of 324 emerging adults (women = 246) from the general community completed questionnaires covering these dimensions. Results Our findings showed that the ADHD and ODD dimensions were associated differentially with different types of impulsivity, in their unique patterns of network connectivities, a possibility that has had little attention in the trait-impulsivity hypothesis literature. Conclusions This study is the first to tease out the unique associations of the ADHD and ODD dimensions with different types of impulsivity, and in that way provide new contributions to our understanding of the existing trait impulsivity theory. Our findings would be especially relevant to those interested in understanding how different dimensions of trait impulsivity underly the ADHD and ODD dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasileios Stavropoulos
- Victoria University, Australia
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Taylor Brown
- Victoria University, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Wai Chen
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Mental Health Services, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Medicine (Fremantle), University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
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Maitra S, Chatterjee M, Roychowdhury A, Panda CK, Sinha S, Mukhopadhyay K. Specific dopaminergic genetic variants influence impulsivity, cognitive deficit, and disease severity of Indian ADHD probands. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7315-7325. [PMID: 35553330 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity (Imp), being one of the cardinal symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), often leads to inappropriate responses to stimuli. Since the dopaminergic system is the primary target for pharmaceutical intervention in ADHD, we investigated the association between ADHD-related Imp and functional gene variants of the dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) and catechol-O-methyltransferase involved in dopamine clearance. METHODS AND RESULTS Indo-Caucasoid families with ADHD probands (N = 217) were recruited based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Imp of the probands was assessed using the Domain Specific Imp Scale for Children and DSM. Peripheral blood was collected after obtaining informed written consent for participation, genomic DNA was isolated, and target sites were genotyped by DNA sequencing. The association of genetic variants with Imp was examined by the Quantitative trait analysis (QTA) and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Post-Hoc analysis following QTA and ANOVA showed significant associations of rs2254408, rs2981359, and rs2239393 with different domains of Imp (P < 0.05). Various haplotypic combinations also showed statistically significant associations with Imp (P < 0.05). Multifactor dimensionality reduction models revealed strong effects of the variants on Imp. ADHD probands harboring the risk alleles exhibited a deficit in performance during cognitive assessment. Longitudinal follow-up revealed a significant association of rs2254408 with trait persistence. CONCLUSION The present study indicates the influence of the studied genetic variants on ADHD-associated imp, executive deficit, and disease persistence. Thus, these variants may be helpful as predictors for the success of individual therapeutic sessions during cognitive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamita Maitra
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700107, India.,Umea University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mahasweta Chatterjee
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700107, India
| | - Anirban Roychowdhury
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, India
| | - Swagata Sinha
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700107, India
| | - Kanchan Mukhopadhyay
- Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Manovikas Kendra, 482, Madudah, Plot: I-24, Sector-J, E.M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700107, India.
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14
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Ward JH, Curran S. Self-harm as the first presentation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescents. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021; 26:303-309. [PMID: 33939246 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm (SH) in adolescence has previously been shown to significantly overlap with both attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and emotional dysregulation (ED). Our objective as such was to investigate the relationship between self-harm and ADHD in our population and consider its clinical relevance. METHODS This case series analysis examined 124 presentations of SH in 13- to 17 year-olds to Accident and Emergency Departments in South West London (97F:27M). Strength and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQs) were used to screen for ADHD/hyperactivity and ED, and scores were compared with reference data obtained from Meltzer et al. (1999, International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 15, 185). RESULTS Mean SDQ ADHD/hyperactivity scores were significantly higher in our SH sample compared to reference data (p < .0001). Furthermore, significantly greater ED scores were found in our sample compared with the control reference data. CONCLUSION Our findings contribute to the evidence for an important link between ADHD and clinical presentations of SH and suggest there to be value in screening girls presenting to A&E with self-harm for ADHD. We speculate that ED plays a role in the evolution of SH in dysregulated ADHD. We recommend that clinicians assessing adolescents have self-harmed to be aware of possible ADHD symptoms and screen as appropriate; however, future research examining the temporal association between ADHD, emotional dysregulation and self-harm is required to establish causal direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Curran
- South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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15
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Hunjan AK, Hübel C, Lin Y, Eley TC, Breen G. Association between polygenic propensity for psychiatric disorders and nutrient intake. Commun Biol 2021; 4:965. [PMID: 34446809 PMCID: PMC8390493 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the observed associations between psychiatric disorders and nutrient intake, genetic studies are limited. We examined whether polygenic scores for psychiatric disorders are associated with nutrient intake in UK Biobank (N = 163,619) using linear mixed models. We found polygenic scores for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia showed the highest number of associations, while a polygenic score for autism spectrum disorder showed no association. The relatively weaker obsessive-compulsive disorder polygenic score showed the greatest effect sizes suggesting its association with diet traits may become more apparent with larger genome-wide analyses. A higher alcohol dependence polygenic score was associated with higher alcohol intake and individuals with higher persistent thinness polygenic scores reported their food to weigh less, both independent of socioeconomic status. Our findings suggest that polygenic propensity for a psychiatric disorder is associated with dietary behaviour. Note, nutrient intake was self-reported and findings must therefore be interpreted mindfully. Hunjan et al. report that polygenic propensity for a psychiatric disorder is associated with nutrient intake on an average day. They found broad associations with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, and more restricted associations with other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avina K Hunjan
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health; South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health; South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK.,National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yuhao Lin
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health; South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health; South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK.
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16
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Geurten M, Catale C, Gay P, Deplus S, Billieux J. Measuring Impulsivity in Children: Adaptation and Validation of a Short Version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviors Scale in Children and Investigation of its Links With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:105-114. [PMID: 29771172 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718775831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct known to play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of a wide range of problematic behaviors and psychological disorders in children. Method: In this study, we adapted the short French adult version of the UPPS-P (urgency-premeditation-perseverance-sensation seeking-positive urgency) Impulsive Behaviors Scale for use with children (short UPPS-P-C) and tested its psychometric properties. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses conducted on a sample of 425 children (aged 8-14 years) supported the five-factor structure of the scale. Additional analyses emphasized the good internal and test-retest reliability of the short UPPS-P-C. Furthermore, our results also revealed that lack of premeditation, positive urgency, and negative urgency subscales were able to discriminate between children diagnosed with ADHD and their matched controls. Conclusion: These results suggest that the short UPPS-P-C may be considered as a promising time-saving tool to assess impulsivity traits in healthy children and in children with psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe Gay
- Haute École Pédagogique du Valais, St-Maurice, Switzerland
| | | | - Joël Billieux
- Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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17
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Pollack SR, Kiselica AM, Borders A. The Role of Trait Impulsivity in the Associations between Rumination and Alcohol-Related Outcomes. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:743-750. [PMID: 33754939 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1879143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background/Purpose: Emerging adults engage in high rates of alcohol consumption, which contribute to negative alcohol-related consequences and alcohol-related aggression. Rumination, or repetitive thinking about negative experiences, predicts greater negative alcohol-related consequences and alcohol-related aggression. Mechanisms of these associations are not well understood. We examined whether impulsivity mediates the effect of rumination on alcohol-related outcomes. We also tested an alternative model in which impulsivity moderates the effect of rumination on these outcomes. Methods: In a cross-sectional study with 202 undergraduates, we assessed trait rumination, four facets of impulsivity (urgency, premeditation, perseverance, and sensation seeking), recent alcohol use, negative alcohol-related consequences, and alcohol-related aggression. Results: Mediational analyses revealed that rumination indirectly predicted greater negative alcohol-related consequences and alcohol-related aggression via more urgency. Moderational analyses yielded nonsignificant interactions. Conclusion: Although cross-sectional data cannot suggest causality, the pattern of correlations suggests that rumination may lead to more clinically relevant alcohol-related outcomes because it triggers rash responding to negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew M Kiselica
- University of South Florida College of Arts and Sciences, Tampa, Florida, USA
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18
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Impulsivity facets and cognitive distortions associated with problem gambling: Differences between ADHD and non-ADHD gamblers. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2020.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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19
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Does behavioural inhibition system dysfunction contribute to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 2:e5. [PMID: 32435740 PMCID: PMC7219695 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2019.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality has as its main foundation a Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS), defined by anxiolytic drugs, in which high trait sensitivity should lead to internalising, anxiety, disorders. Conversely, it has been suggested that low BIS sensitivity would be a characteristic of externalising disorders. BIS output should lead to increased arousal and attention as well as behavioural inhibition. Here, therefore, we tested whether an externalising disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), involves low BIS sensitivity. Goal-Conflict-Specific Rhythmicity (GCSR) in an auditory Stop Signal Task is a right frontal EEG biomarker of BIS function. We assessed children diagnosed with ADHD-I (inattentive) or ADHD-C (combined) and healthy control groups for GCSR in: a) an initial smaller study in Dunedin, New Zealand (population ~120,000: 15 control, 10 ADHD-I, 10 ADHD-C); and b) a main larger one in Tehran, Iran (population ~9 [city]-16 [metropolis] million: 27 control, 18 ADHD-I, 21 ADHD-C). GCSR was clear in controls (particularly at 6–7 Hz) and in ADHD-C (particularly at 8–9 Hz) but was reduced in ADHD-I. Reduced attention and arousal in ADHD-I could be due, in part, to BIS dysfunction. However, hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD-C are unlikely to reflect reduced BIS activity. Increased GCSR frequency in ADHD-C may be due to increased input to the BIS. BIS dysfunction may contribute to some aspects of ADHD (and potentially other externalising disorders) and to some differences between the ADHD subtypes but other prefrontal systems (and, e.g. dopamine) are also important.
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20
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de la Peña IC, Pan MC, Thai CG, Alisso T. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive Subtype/Presentation: Research Progress and Translational Studies. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10050292. [PMID: 32422912 PMCID: PMC7287898 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the predominantly inattentive attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-PI) subtype/presentation is important given its high prevalence, but paradoxically it is under-recognized and undertreated. The temporal stability of the inattention symptom could impact the high worldwide prevalence of ADHD-PI. Some evidence suggests differences in the nature of attentional deficit in ADHD-PI vs. that in other subtypes. Impairments in neuropsychological, neurocognitive, and social functioning are also evident in ADHD-PI, which could be specific to the subtype (e.g., processing speed, social perception, and skills), or differ from others in severity. Neuroimaging studies have also revealed ADHD-PI-specific neuropathological abnormalities and those that are shared with other subtypes. ADHD-PI is highly comorbid with learning and internalizing (e.g., anxiety and depression) disorders. There is no solid evidence for ADHD-PI-specific genetic etiologies and differential responses of subtypes to ADHD medications. Translational studies have used the Wistar Kyoto/NCrl substrain which requires further characterizations as an ADHD-PI model. Overall, ADHD-PI research has been conducted in the context of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, which arguably does not conform to the widely recognized "dimensional" view of ADHD. The Research Domain Criteria has been proposed to provide a novel framework for understanding the nature of neuropsychiatric illnesses and ultimately improve their diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ike C. de la Peña
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (C.G.T.); (T.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-909-651-5995; Fax: +1-909-558-0446
| | - Michael C. Pan
- Department of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Division of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas Tacloban College, Tacloban 6500, Philippines
| | - Chau Giang Thai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (C.G.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Tamara Alisso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (C.G.T.); (T.A.)
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21
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Krieger V, Amador-Campos JA, Guàrdia-Olmos J. Executive functions, Personality traits and ADHD symptoms in adolescents: A mediation analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232470. [PMID: 32374779 PMCID: PMC7202790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain personality traits and cognitive domains of executive functions (EF) are differentially related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the five-factor model (FFM) personality characteristics in adolescents with ADHD, and to examine whether EF mediate the relationships between FFM personality traits and ADHD symptoms. A comprehensive diagnostic assessment, including ADHD clinical interviews, ADHD rating scales, neuropsychological EF testing (i.e., working memory, flexibility and inhibition) and a personality assessment was carried out in a sample of 118 adolescents (75 ADHD and 43 control participants, 68% males), aged 12 to 16 years, and their parents and teachers. Adolescents with ADHD had lower scores than control participants on Conscientiousness and Agreeableness, and higher scores on Neuroticism. Structural equation models (SEM) showed that Conscientiousness directly influenced inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, while Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Extraversion directly affected hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. Only Conscientiousness exerted indirect effects on inattention, but not on hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, via EF; higher scores on Conscientiousness were related to higher scores on EF, which in turn were related to lower scores on inattentive symptoms. These findings corroborate the relationships between ADHD symptoms, FFM personality traits and EF and indicate the mediating effect of EF on the relationship between Conscientiousness and inattention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Krieger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Amador-Campos
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (UBneuro), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (UBneuro), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- UB institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Grimm O, Weber H, Kittel-Schneider S, Kranz TM, Jacob CP, Lesch KP, Reif A. Impulsivity and Venturesomeness in an Adult ADHD Sample: Relation to Personality, Comorbidity, and Polygenic Risk. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:557160. [PMID: 33381055 PMCID: PMC7768074 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.557160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While impulsivity is a basic feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), no study explored the effect of different components of the Impulsiveness (Imp) and Venturesomeness (Vent) scale (IV7) on psychiatric comorbidities and an ADHD polygenic risk score (PRS). We used the IV7 self-report scale in an adult ADHD sample of 903 patients, 70% suffering from additional comorbid disorders, and in a subsample of 435 genotyped patients. Venturesomeness, unlike immediate Impulsivity, is not specific to ADHD. We consequently analyzed the influence of Imp and Vent also in the context of a PRS on psychiatric comorbidities of ADHD. Vent shows a distinctly different distribution of comorbidities, e.g., less anxiety and depression. PRS showed no effect on different ADHD comorbidities, but correlated with childhood hyperactivity. In a complementary analysis using principal component analysis with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition ADHD criteria, revised NEO Personality Inventory, Imp, Vent, and PRS, we identified three ADHD subtypes. These are an impulsive-neurotic type, an adventurous-hyperactive type with a stronger genetic component, and an anxious-inattentive type. Our study thus suggests the importance of adventurousness and the differential consideration of impulsivity in ADHD. The genetic risk is distributed differently between these subtypes, which underlines the importance of clinically motivated subtyping. Impulsivity subtyping might give insights into the organization of comorbid disorders in ADHD and different genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Heike Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Medius Klinik, Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten M Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian P Jacob
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Medius Klinik, Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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23
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Christian C, Martel MM, Levinson CA. Emotion regulation difficulties, but not negative urgency, are associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and eating disorder symptoms in undergraduate students. Eat Behav 2020; 36:101344. [PMID: 31743854 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorders and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly comorbid. The majority of research on this comorbidity has focused on impulsivity, which is a shared vulnerability between ADHD and eating disorders characterized by binge eating. Less is known about which shared factors may contribute to the co-occurrence of other eating disorders (i.e., anorexia nervosa, restricting subtype) and ADHD. Furthermore, little research has focused on other potential overlapping vulnerabilities, though deficits in emotion regulation have been implicated as an additional shared vulnerability. The current study (N = 306 undergraduate students) uses path analysis to examine if emotion regulation difficulties and negative urgency (i.e., impulsivity during negative mood state) are unique or shared vulnerabilities for ADHD symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity) and eating disorder symptoms (bulimic symptoms, drive for thinness). Emotion regulation difficulties were uniquely associated with all dimensions of ADHD and eating disorder symptoms, and negative urgency was uniquely associated with global eating disorder symptoms, bulimic symptoms, and drive for thinness. These results suggest that emotion regulation difficulties are a shared vulnerability factor for the development of diverse presentations of ADHD and eating disorder symptoms, and may be an important prevention target. Additionally, our results support a unique relationship between negative urgency and drive for thinness. Future research should examine these associations prospectively and experimentally to determine directionality and inform preventative interventions for ADHD and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Christian
- University of Louisville, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, United States of America.
| | - Michelle M Martel
- University of Kentucky, Department of Psychology, United States of America
| | - Cheri A Levinson
- University of Louisville, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, United States of America
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24
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Miglin R, Bounoua N, Goodling S, Sheehan A, Spielberg JM, Sadeh N. Cortical Thickness Links Impulsive Personality Traits and Risky Behavior. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9120373. [PMID: 31847131 PMCID: PMC6955970 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsive personality traits are often predictive of risky behavior, but not much is known about the neurobiological basis of this relationship. We investigated whether thickness of the cortical mantle varied as a function of impulsive traits and whether such variation also explained recent risky behavior. A community sample of 107 adults (ages 18–55; 54.2% men) completed self-report measures of impulsive traits and risky behavior followed by a neuroimaging protocol. Using the three-factor model of impulsive traits derived from the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, analysis of the entire cortical mantle identified three thickness clusters that related to impulsive traits. Sensation seeking was negatively related to thickness in the right pericalcarine cortex, whereas impulsive urgency was positively associated with thickness in the left superior parietal and right paracentral lobule. Notably, follow-up analyses showed that thickness in the right pericalcarine cortex also related to recent risky behavior, with the identified cluster mediating the association between sensation seeking and risky behavior. Findings suggest that reduced thickness in the pericalcarine region partially explains the link between sensation seeking and the tendency to engage in risky behavior, providing new insight into the neurobiological basis of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickie Miglin
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (N.B.); (A.S.); (J.M.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Nadia Bounoua
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (N.B.); (A.S.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Shelly Goodling
- Department of Psychology, York College of Pennsylvania, York, PA 17403, USA;
| | - Ana Sheehan
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (N.B.); (A.S.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Jeffrey M. Spielberg
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (N.B.); (A.S.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Naomi Sadeh
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (N.B.); (A.S.); (J.M.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (N.S.)
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25
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Perquin MN, Bompas A. Reliability and correlates of intraindividual variability in the oculomotor system. J Eye Mov Res 2019; 12:10.16910/jemr.12.6.11. [PMID: 33828751 PMCID: PMC7962678 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.12.6.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Even if all external circumstances are kept equal, the oculomotor system shows intraindividual variability over time, affecting measures such as microsaccade rate, blink rate, pupil size, and gaze position. Recently, some of these measures have been associated with ADHD on a between-subject level. However, it remains unclear to what extent these measures constitute stable individual traits. In the current study, we investigate the intraindividual reliability of these oculomotor features. Combining results over three experiments (> 100 healthy participants), we find that most measures show good intra-individual reliability over different time points (repeatability) as well as over different conditions (generalisation). However, we find evidence against any correlation with self-assessed ADHD tendencies, mind wandering, and impulsivity. As such, the oculomotor system shows reliable intra-individual reliability, but its benefit for investigating self-assessed individual differences in healthy subjects remains unclear. With our results, we highlight the importance of reliability and statistical power when studying between-subject differences.
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26
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Grigorian A, Nahmias J, Dolich M, Barrios C, Schubl SD, Sheehan B, Lekawa M. Increased risk of head injury in pediatric patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2019; 32:171-176. [PMID: 31328370 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the general pediatric population is 7%, whereas the prevalence in trauma is unknown. We hypothesized pediatric patients with ADHD would have a higher risk of involvement in a mechanism of injury (MOI) requiring constant attention to surroundings, such as a bicycle collision. METHODS The Pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2014-2016) was queried for patients with ADHD. Patients, less than 16 years of age, with ADHD were compared to those without ADHD. RESULTS The prevalence of ADHD was 2.5% (2,866). ADHD patients had higher risk for bicycle collision (odds ratio [OR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-2.15; p < .001). ADHD bicyclists were less likely to wear a helmet (9.4% vs. 18.2%, p = .003) and had a higher rate of traumatic brain injury (TBI; 55.6% vs. 39.7%, p < .001), compared to non-ADHD bicyclists. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric ADHD patients have a 60% higher risk of being involved in a bicycle collision. ADHD patients that are involved in a bicycle collision are less likely to wear a helmet with a higher rate of TBI. Increased public awareness, education, and supervision may help reduce risk of bicycle collisions and TBI in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areg Grigorian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Jeffry Nahmias
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Matthew Dolich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Cristobal Barrios
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Sebastian D Schubl
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Brian Sheehan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Michael Lekawa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care, University of California, Irvine, California
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27
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Singh SM, Soble JR, Young MA. The differential influence of computerized neuropsychological assessment across psychopathology. Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:720-739. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1631888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shifali M. Singh
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason R. Soble
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael A. Young
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Jacob L, Haro JM, Koyanagi A. Relationship between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and problem gambling: A mediation analysis of influential factors among 7,403 individuals from the UK. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:781-791. [PMID: 30238788 PMCID: PMC6426384 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Our goal was to examine the association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and gambling problems, and to identify potential mediating factors of this association. METHODS This study used cross-sectional, community-based data from 7,403 people aged ≥16 years who participated in the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. Problem gambling was assessed using a questionnaire based on the 10 DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. Respondents were classified as having no problem, at-risk, or problem gambling. Logistic regression and mediation analyses were conducted to analyze the association between ADHD symptoms (i.e., ASRS score ≥14) and problem gambling and the role of several variables in this association. RESULTS The prevalence of at-risk (5.3% vs. 2.4%) and problem gambling (2.4% vs. 0.6%) was higher in individuals with ADHD symptoms than in those without ADHD symptoms. ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with both at-risk (OR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.22-3.79) and problem gambling (OR = 3.57; 95% CI = 1.53-8.31) when adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. Common mental disorders (CMDs; i.e., depression and anxiety disorders) (mediated percentage = 22.4%), borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits (22.1%), stressful life events (13.2%), stress at work or home (12.6%), alcohol dependence (11.8%), and impulsivity (11.2%) were significant mediators in the ADHD-gambling association. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Overall, ADHD symptoms were positively associated with problem gambling. CMDs, BPD traits, and stressful life events were important mediators in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jacob
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris 5, Paris, France,Corresponding author: Dr. Louis Jacob; Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris 5, 15 rue de l’École de Médecine, Paris 75006, France; Phone: +33 6 27 88 37 06; E-mail:
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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Roberts B, Eisenlohr-Moul T, Martel MM. Reproductive steroids and ADHD symptoms across the menstrual cycle. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 88:105-114. [PMID: 29197795 PMCID: PMC5803442 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder shows (ADHD) male predominance, females are significantly impaired and exhibit additional comorbid disorders during adolescence. However, no empirical work has examined the influence of cyclical fluctuating steroids on ADHD symptoms in women. The present study examined estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T) associations with ADHD symptoms across the menstrual cycle in regularly-cycling young women (N=32), examining trait impulsivity as a moderator. Women completed a baseline measure of trait impulsivity, provided saliva samples each morning, and completed an ADHD symptom checklist every evening for 35days. Results indicated decreased levels of E2 in the context of increased levels of either P4 or T was associated with higher ADHD symptoms on the following day, particularly for those with high trait impulsivity. Phase analyses suggested both an early follicular and early luteal, or post-ovulatory, increase in ADHD symptoms. Therefore, ADHD symptoms may change across the menstrual cycle in response to endogenous steroid changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States.
| | - Tory Eisenlohr-Moul
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2218 Nelson Highway, Suite 3, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, United States.
| | - Michelle M Martel
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 207C Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506, United States.
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Haas SM, Derefinko KJ, Waschbusch DA. The use of multimethod impulsivity assessment in the prediction of ADHD, conduct problems, and callous-unemotional symptoms. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nordvall O, Neely AS, Jonsson B. Self-Reported Impulsivity and its Relation to Executive Functions in Interned Youth. PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LAW : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2017; 24:910-922. [PMID: 31983999 PMCID: PMC6818424 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2017.1327312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In adolescence, antisocial behaviors increase in prevalence, an occurrence that has been related to the parallel increase of impulsive behaviors. However, impulsivity is a conglomerate of unidimensional impulsigenic traits, divided into aspects of behavioral dyscontrol and sensation seeking. In the present study, we examine how these traits differ between interned youth and an aged-matched control group, and how they relate to executive functioning. Results indicate that impulsigenic traits related to behavioral dyscontrol, but not sensation seeking, are more pronounced in interned adolescents. Also, executive functioning was predictive of lack of premeditation, a trait specifically related to antisocial behavior. One implication of this is that interventions improving executive functioning could be beneficial in the rehabilitation of interned adolescents with impulsivity-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olov Nordvall
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Stigsdotter Neely
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Social and Psychological Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Bert Jonsson
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Kuhn MA, Ahles JJ, Aldrich JT, Wielgus MD, Mezulis AH. Physiological Self-Regulation Buffers the Relationship between Impulsivity and Externalizing Behaviors among Nonclinical Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 47:829-841. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with ADHD have heterogeneous behavioral and neuropsychological profiles. The aim of this study was to examine the possible utility of executive function (EF) subtypes within ADHD. METHOD Participants were 357 children aged 6 through 13 with a diagnosis of ADHD. Children completed a brief laboratory battery measuring EF, including response inhibition, response variability, speed, and set-shifting. Children also completed standardized intelligence and achievement testing. RESULTS Two-way cluster analysis of EF profiles of children with ADHD produced a three-cluster solution, labeled poor inhibitory control, poor set-shifting/speed, and intact task performance. Clusters significantly differed in measures of intelligence, academic achievement, and other disruptive behavior and anxiety/mood symptoms. CONCLUSION These findings further support the idea that children with ADHD have heterogeneous EF profiles and suggest that the theory of ADHD should consider these individual differences in EF profiles within the ADHD diagnostic category.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joel T. Nigg
- Psychiatry Department, Oregon Health and Sciences University
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Pedersen SL, Walther CA, Harty SC, Gnagy EM, Pelham WE, Molina BSG. The indirect effects of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on alcohol problems in adulthood through unique facets of impulsivity. Addiction 2016; 111:1582-9. [PMID: 26999438 PMCID: PMC4983236 DOI: 10.1111/add.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Research has not studied unique impulsivity dimensions as prospective links between childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and alcohol problems. We examined the association between childhood ADHD, five facets of impulsivity and alcohol problems in adulthood and the indirect effects of childhood ADHD-to-impulsivity-to-alcohol problems. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participants were from a longitudinal study (n = 289, meanage = 28.67) of individuals with (n = 170) and without (n = 119) childhood ADHD. The ADHD sample, as part of an ADHD summer treatment program, was diagnosed initially in childhood (1987-96, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) via structured parent interview and standardized parent/teacher ratings. The ADHD sample and demographically similar individuals without ADHD (living in the greater Pittsburgh area) were recruited to participate in the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study (PALS) between 1999 and 2003. MEASUREMENTS Self-reported impulsivity (UPPS-P) and alcohol-related problems were assessed in adulthood (2011-14). FINDINGS Adults with, compared with those without, childhood ADHD had more alcohol problems (β = 0.34, P < 0.05) and higher levels of negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of perseverance and lack of planning (βs = 0.24-0.31, Ps < 0.001). Impulsivity facets (except sensation-seeking) were related to number of alcohol problems (βs = 0.34-0.61, Ps < 0.05). Negative (β = 0.26, P < 0.01) and positive (β = 0.27, P < 0.01) urgency mediated the association between childhood ADHD and number of adult alcohol problems. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of emotional impulsivity (negative/positive urgency) may place children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at increased risk for alcohol problems in adulthood.
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Deplus S, Billieux J, Scharff C, Philippot P. A Mindfulness-Based Group Intervention for Enhancing Self-Regulation of Emotion in Late Childhood and Adolescence: A Pilot Study. Int J Ment Health Addict 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-015-9627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Wang FL, Chassin L, Geiser C, Lemery-Chalfant K. Mechanisms in the relation between GABRA2 and adolescent externalizing problems. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 25:67-80. [PMID: 25804982 PMCID: PMC4583314 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-015-0703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Conduct problems, alcohol problems and hyperactive-inattentive symptoms co-occur at a high rate and are heritable in adolescence. The γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor, α2 gene (GABRA2) is associated with a broad spectrum of externalizing problems and disinhibitory-related traits. The current study tested whether two important forms of disinhibition in adolescence, impulsivity and sensation seeking, mediated the effects of GABRA2 on hyperactive-inattentive symptoms, conduct problems, and alcohol problems. Participants were assessed at two waves (11-17 and 12-18 years old; N = 292). Analyses used the GABRA2 SNP, rs279858, which tags the two complementary (yin-yang) GABRA2 haplotypes. Multiple informants reported on adolescents' impulsivity and sensation seeking and adolescents self-reported their hyperactive-inattentive symptoms, conduct problems and lifetime alcohol problems. Impulsivity mediated the effect of GABRA2 on alcohol problems, hyperactive-inattentive symptoms, and conduct problems, whereas sensation seeking mediated the effect of GABRA2 on alcohol problems (AA/AG genotypes conferred risk). GABRA2 directly predicted adolescent alcohol problems, but the GG genotype conferred risk. Results suggest that there may be multiple pathways of risk from GABRA2 to adolescent externalizing problems, and suggest important avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances L Wang
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Ave, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA.
| | - Laurie Chassin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Ave, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
| | - Christian Geiser
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, 2810 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-2810, USA
| | - Kathryn Lemery-Chalfant
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Ave, P.O. Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
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The Relative Contributions of Impulsivity Facets to Drinking Outcomes. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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A multidimensional approach of impulsivity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2015; 227:290-5. [PMID: 25895489 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to compare adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and matched controls on four dimensions of impulsivity (urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking) and to examine the association between impulsivity and ADHD symptoms. The study was conducted on 219 participants: 72 adult ADHD patients and 147 aged and gender matched controls. All participants completed questionnaires measuring the various facets of impulsivity (UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale), ADHD and depressive symptoms severity. Patients were also assessed for ADHD subtypes, mood disorders, and addictive behaviors. ADHD patients exhibited higher urgency, lower premeditation and lower perseverance in comparison to controls. Lack of perseverance showed the strongest association with ADHD (area under curve=0.95). Patients with combined inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive subtypes reported more frequently substance abuse problems and had higher scores on urgency and sensation seeking dimensions of impulsivity than those with predominantly inattentive subtype. We report for the first time a multidimensional evaluation of impulsivity in adult ADHD patients. The UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale may constitute a useful screening tool for ADHD in adults and may help to further understanding the psychological mechanisms underlying the differences between the ADHD subgroups.
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Salami TK, Brooks BA, Lamis DA. Impulsivity and reasons for living among African American youth: a risk-protection framework of suicidal ideation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:5196-214. [PMID: 25988310 PMCID: PMC4454962 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120505196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the impact of specific facets of impulsivity as measured by the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS), as well as reasons for living in predicting suicidal ideation among African American college-aged students. The incremental validity of each facet of the UPPS interacting with reasons for living, a construct meant to buffer against risk for suicide, was explored in a sample of African American students (N = 130; ages 18-24). Results revealed significant interactions between reasons for living and two factors of impulsivity, (lack of) premeditation and sensation seeking. Higher levels of sensation seeking and lack of premeditation in conjunction with lower reasons for living was associated with increased suicidal ideation. Neither urgency nor (lack of) perseverance significantly interacted with reasons for living in association with suicidal ideation. These results suggest including elements of impulsivity, specifically sensation seeking and (lack of) premeditation, when screening for suicidal ideation among African American youth. Future investigations should continue to integrate factors of both risk and protection when determining risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temilola K Salami
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Bianca A Brooks
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St., Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Dorian A Lamis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, 80 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Somkuwar SS, Kantak KM, Dwoskin LP. Effect of methylphenidate treatment during adolescence on norepinephrine transporter function in orbitofrontal cortex in a rat model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 252:55-63. [PMID: 25680322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with hypofunctional medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Methylphenidate (MPH) remediates ADHD, in part, by inhibiting the norepinephrine transporter (NET). MPH also reduces ADHD-like symptoms in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), a model of ADHD. However, effects of chronic MPH treatment on NET function in mPFC and OFC in SHR have not been reported. In the current study, long-term effects of repeated treatment with a therapeutically relevant oral dose of MPH during adolescence on NET function in subregions of mPFC (cingulate gyrus, prelimbic cortex and infralimbic cortex) and in the OFC of adult SHR, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY, inbred control) and Wistar (WIS, outbred control) rats were determined using in vivo voltammetry. Following local ejection of norepinephrine (NE), uptake rate was determined as peak amplitude (Amax)× first-order rate constant (k-1). In mPFC subregions, no strain or treatment effects were found in NE uptake rate. In OFC, NE uptake rate in vehicle-treated adult SHR was greater than in adult WKY and WIS administered vehicle. MPH treatment during adolescence normalized NE uptake rate in OFC in SHR. Thus, the current study implicates increased NET function in OFC as an underlying mechanism for reduced noradrenergic transmission in OFC, and consequently, the behavioral deficits associated with ADHD. MPH treatment during adolescence normalized NET function in OFC in adulthood, suggesting that the therapeutic action of MPH persists long after treatment cessation and may contribute to lasting reductions in deficits associated with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita S Somkuwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kathleen M Kantak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Bøen E, Hummelen B, Elvsåshagen T, Boye B, Andersson S, Karterud S, Malt UF. Different impulsivity profiles in borderline personality disorder and bipolar II disorder. J Affect Disord 2015; 170:104-11. [PMID: 25237733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar II disorder (BP II) share clinical characteristics including impulsivity. Their relationship is disputed. In this study, we investigated self-reported impulsivity in these patient groups and in a healthy control group. Effects of current mood state and of traumatic childhood experiences were explored. METHODS Twenty-five patients with BPD without comorbid bipolar disorder; 20 patients with BP II without comorbid BPD; and 44 healthy control subjects completed the UPPS questionnaire which yields assessments of four components of impulsivity: Urgency, Lack of Premeditation, Lack of Perseverance, and Sensation Seeking. Current mood state was rated using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Traumatic childhood experiences were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Group differences in UPPS levels; and effects of mood state and CTQ score on UPPS scores in patients were investigated. RESULTS BPD patients showed significantly higher levels of Urgency and Lack of Perseverance than BP II patients and controls, and a significantly higher level of Lack of Premeditation than controls. BP II patients showed higher levels of Urgency and Lack of Perseverance than controls. In BP II, higher MADRS scores were associated with higher impulsivity scores. Also, higher CTQ scores were associated with higher Urgency scores in BP II. LIMITATIONS Relatively small sample size; cross-sectional assessment of influence of mood state. CONCLUSIONS BPD patients exhibited markedly elevated UPPS impulsivity scores compared with healthy controls and BP II patients, and the elevations were not related to current mood state. BP II patients showed moderately elevated impulsivity scores which were associated with a depressed mood state and to some extent with a history of childhood trauma. The findings suggest that BPD and BP II have different impulsivity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlend Bøen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Post Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway; Norwegian Research Network on Mood Disorders (NORMOOD), Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Benjamin Hummelen
- Department for Personality Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Department for Research and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Post Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Birgitte Boye
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Post Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Stein Andersson
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Post Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigmund Karterud
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department for Personality Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulrik F Malt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Post Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway; Norwegian Research Network on Mood Disorders (NORMOOD), Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Kiselica AM, Rojas E, Bornovalova MA, Dube C. The Nomological Network of Self-Reported Distress Tolerance. Assessment 2014; 22:715-29. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191114559407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Distress tolerance (DT), or the ability to withstand psychological distress, is a popular construct in the psychological literature. However, research has not specified the nomological network of DT across self-report measures. The purpose of the current investigation was to understand what personality features, environmental stressors, current affective states, and behaviors contribute to DT in two different samples: college students and those in residential substance use treatment. Correlations revealed that self-reported DT was most strongly associated with trait negative emotionality, state negative affect, impulsivity, and perceived stress. In comparisons across samples, self-harm exhibited a stronger relationship with self-reported DT in the drug treatment than in the student sample, whereas perceived stress had a stronger association in the student sample. Correlations between self-report and behavioral measures of DT were nonsignificant. To understand this lack of associations, associations of outcomes with behavioral measures were assessed. In contrast to self-reported DT, behavioral DT was more closely related to achievement orientation, state negative affect, and state positive affect, but was not significantly related to psychopathology and maladaptive behaviors. It is necessary to continue investigating the construct validity of behavioral DT measures via the use of incremental utility analyses and experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chad Dube
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Korzyukov O, Tapaskar N, Pflieger ME, Behroozmand R, Lodhavia A, Patel S, Robin DA, Larson C. Event related potentials study of aberrations in voice control mechanisms in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 126:1159-1170. [PMID: 25308310 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to test for neural signs of impulsivity related to voice motor control in young adults with ADHD using EEG recordings in a voice pitch perturbation paradigm. METHODS Two age-matched groups of young adults were presented with brief pitch shifts of auditory feedback during vocalization. Compensatory behavioral and corresponding bioelectrical brain responses were elicited by the pitch-shifted voice feedback. RESULTS The analysis of bioelectrical responses showed that the ADHD group had shorter peak latency and onset time of motor-related bioelectrical brain responses as compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS These results were interpreted to suggest differences in executive functions between ADHD and control participants. SIGNIFICANCE We hypothesize that more rapid motor-related bioelectrical responses found in the present study may be a manifestation of impulsiveness in adults with ADHD at the involuntary level of voice control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Korzyukov
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Natalie Tapaskar
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Roozbeh Behroozmand
- Speech Neuroscience Lab, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Anjli Lodhavia
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sona Patel
- Dept. of Speech-Language Pathology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Donald A Robin
- Research Imaging Institute, Dept. of Neurology, Univ. of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Charles Larson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Hoptman MJ, Antonius D, Mauro CJ, Parker EM, Javitt DC. Cortical thinning, functional connectivity, and mood-related impulsivity in schizophrenia: relationship to aggressive attitudes and behavior. Am J Psychiatry 2014; 171:939-48. [PMID: 25073506 PMCID: PMC4178944 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13111553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aggression in schizophrenia is a major societal issue, leading to physical harm, stigmatization, patient distress, and higher health care costs. Impulsivity is associated with aggression in schizophrenia, but it is multidetermined. The subconstruct of urgency is likely to play an important role in this aggression, with positive urgency referring to rash action in the context of positive emotion, and negative urgency referring to rash action in the context of negative emotion. METHOD The authors examined urgency and its neural correlates in 33 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 31 healthy comparison subjects. Urgency was measured using the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, and Sensation-Seeking scale. Aggressive attitudes were measured using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. RESULTS Positive urgency, negative urgency, and aggressive attitudes were significantly and selectively elevated in schizophrenia patients (Cohen's d values, 1.21-1.50). Positive and negative urgency significantly correlated with the Aggression Questionnaire total score (r>0.48 in all cases) and each uniquely accounted for a significant portion of the variance in aggression over and above the effect of group. Urgency scores correlated with reduced cortical thickness in ventral prefrontal regions including the right frontal pole, the medial and lateral orbitofrontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyri, and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex. In patients, reduced resting-state functional connectivity in some of these regions was associated with higher urgency. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the key role of urgency in aggressive attitudes in people with schizophrenia and suggest neural substrates of these behaviors. The results also suggest behavioral and neural targets for interventions to remediate urgency and aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Hoptman
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Antonius
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Cristina J. Mauro
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Emily M. Parker
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Daniel C. Javitt
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA,Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Sujan AC, Humphreys KL, Ray LA, Lee SS. Differential association of child abuse with self-reported versus laboratory-based impulsivity and risk-taking in young adulthood. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2014; 19:145-155. [PMID: 25034226 DOI: 10.1177/1077559514543827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Young adults (ages 18-26) with (n = 20) and without (n = 55) a history of child abuse (CA) completed self-report and laboratory-based measures of impulsivity and risk-taking. Relative to individuals without abuse histories, individuals with a history of CA self-reported a greater number of lifetime sexual partners as well as elevated trait impulsivity (specifically, elevated lack of premeditation and lack of perseverance). No group differences were observed for self-reported safety-related behaviors and risk-taking propensity. Notably, however, laboratory-based measures suggested that individuals with a history of CA showed significantly less impulsivity and risk-taking than individuals without abuse histories. These results suggest that self-report and laboratory measures of risk-taking and impulsivity measured in emerging adulthood may differentially relate to CA. Specifically, whereas laboratory-based measures may be influenced by hypervigilance or in the moment actions, self-report measures may assess more general behaviors related to real-world impulsivity and risk-taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha C Sujan
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Humphreys
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lara A Ray
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve S Lee
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Swanson EN, Owens EB, Hinshaw SP. Pathways to self-harmful behaviors in young women with and without ADHD: a longitudinal examination of mediating factors. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55:505-15. [PMID: 25436256 PMCID: PMC4251707 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury [(NSSI); e.g., cutting, burning] peak in adolescence and early adulthood; females and individuals with psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses appear to beat particular risk. Hinshaw et al. [Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, (2012), 80, 1041] reported that young women with histories of childhood ADHD diagnoses reported higher rates of suicide attempts and NSSI than nondiagnosed, comparison women. METHODS Via analyses of an ongoing longitudinal investigation, our aims are to examine, with respect to both aspects of self-harmful behavior, (a) ADHD subtype differences and effects of diagnostic persistence (vs. transient and nondiagnosed classifications) and (b) potential mediating effects of impulsivity and comorbid psychopathology, ascertained during adolescence. RESULTS Young adult women with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD-Combined type were at highest risk for suicide attempts as well as the most varied and severe forms of NSSI compared with those with ADHD-Inattentive type and those in the comparison group; participants with a persistent ADHD diagnosis were at higher risk than those with a transient diagnosis or those never meeting criteria for ADHD. Mediator analyses revealed that, during adolescence, an objective measure of impulsivity plus comorbid externalizing symptoms were simultaneous, partial mediators of the childhood ADHD-young adult NSSI linkage.Adolescent internalizing symptoms emerged as a partial mediator of the childhood ADHD-young adult suicide attempt linkage. CONCLUSIONs: ADHD in females, especially when featuring childhood impulsivity and especially with persistent symptomatology, carries high risk for self-harm. Psychiatric comorbidity and response inhibition are important mediators of this clinically important longitudinal association. We discuss limitations and implications for prevention and intervention.
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Burnett Heyes S, Adam RJ, Urner M, van der Leer L, Bahrami B, Bays PM, Husain M. Impulsivity and rapid decision-making for reward. Front Psychol 2012; 3:153. [PMID: 22661960 PMCID: PMC3357492 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is a feature of many brain disorders. Although often defined as the predisposition to act with an inadequate degree of deliberation, forethought, or control, it has proven difficult to measure. This may in part be due to the fact that it is a multifaceted construct, with impulsive decisions potentially arising as a result of a number of underlying mechanisms. Indeed, a “functional” degree of impulsivity may even promote effective behavior in healthy participants in a way that can be advantageous under certain circumstances. Although many tasks have been developed to study impulsivity, few examine decisions made rapidly, for time-sensitive rewards. In the current study we examine behavior in 59 adults on a manual “Traffic Light” task which requires participants to take risks under time pressure, if they are to maximize reward. We show that behavioral variables that index rapid anticipatory responding in this paradigm are correlated with one, specific self-report measure of impulsivity: “lack of premeditation” on the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale. Participants who scored more highly on this subscale performed better on the task. Moreover, anticipatory behavior reduced significantly with age (18–79 years), an effect that continued to be upheld after correction for potential age differences in the ability to judge the timing of responses. Based on these findings, we argue that the Traffic Light task provides a parametric method to study one aspect of impulsivity in health and disease: namely, rapid decision-making in pursuit of risky, time-sensitive rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Burnett Heyes
- Institute of Neurology and Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London London, UK
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Hässler F, Thome J. [Mental retardation and ADHD]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2012; 40:83-93; quiz 93-4. [PMID: 22354492 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivity syndromes and disorders (ADHD and HKD) include the symptoms of overactivity, inattention, and impulsivity, which occur in many other mental disorders as well, including mental retardation (MR). It is not surprising that symptoms of ADHD occur significantly higher in children with learning disabilities. Dekker and Koot (2003) found a prevalence of 14.8 % for ADHD in Dutch children attending special schools, and Emerson (2003) reported rates of 8.7 % for HKD in children with global learning disability, representing a 10-fold increased risk compared to the prevalence of hyperactivity (0.9 %) in the general population sample. Yet only very few studies have been published concerning ADHD in children with mental retardation. Several features distinguish the diagnoses of ADHD and MR. In contrast to the limited knowledge about the differences and similarities of ADHD and MR, many studies considered stimulant medication as a pharmacological management strategy for children suffering from ADHD, MR, or both. According to these studies, psychostimulants may improve the target symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, disinhibition, and inattention, albeit with caveats: ADHD symptoms in patients with MR may be less responsive to medical treatment than in patients without MR. Moreover, people with MR may be more susceptible to side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hässler
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Neurologie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universität Rostock.
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