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Yang QQ, Li SC, Cui YY, Huang ZH, Cheng LY, Zhang SH, Wu Z, Yu SJ, Pan Q, Ding LL, Lei S, Liu L, Cong L, Ran C. Identification and Functional Characterization of Carboxylesterase Genes Involved in Spirodiclofen Resistance in Panonychus citri (McGregor). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39054269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Overexpression of carboxyl/cholinesterase (CCE) genes has been reported to be associated with many cases of pesticide resistance in arthropods. However, it has been rarely documented that CCE genes participate in spirodiclofen resistance in Panonychus citri. In previous research, we found that spirodiclofen resistance is related to increased P450 and CCE enzyme activities in P. citri. In this study, we identified two CCE genes, PcCCE3 and PcCCE5, which were significantly upregulated in spirodiclofen-resistant strain and after exposure to spirodiclofen. RNA interference of PcCCE3 and PcCCE5 increased the spirodiclofen susceptibility in P. citri. In vitro metabolism indicated that PcCCE3 and PcCCE5 could interact with spirodiclofen, but metabolites were detected only in the PcCCE3 treatment. Our results indicated that PcCCE3 participates in spirodiclofen resistance through direct metabolism, and PcCCE5 may be involved in the spirodiclofen resistance by passive binding and sequestration, which provides new insights into spirodiclofen resistance in P. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qi Yang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Si-Chen Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Yang-Yang Cui
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Ze-Hao Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lu-Yan Cheng
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
- Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing 401121, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Shi-Jiang Yu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Li-Li Ding
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Shuang Lei
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Lin Cong
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Chun Ran
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 400712, China
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Wang X, Dai W, Zhang C. Transcription Factors AhR and ARNT Regulate the Expression of CYP6SX1 and CYP3828A1 Involved in Insecticide Detoxification in Bradysia odoriphaga. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10805-10813. [PMID: 38712504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) mediate the responses of adaptive metabolism to various xenobiotics. Here, we found that BoAhR and BoARNT are highly expressed in the midgut of Bradysia odoriphaga larvae. The expression of BoAhR and BoARNT was significantly increased after exposure to imidacloprid and phoxim. The knockdown of BoAhR and BoARNT significantly decreased the expression of CYP6SX1 and CYP3828A1 as well as P450 enzyme activity and caused a significant increase in the sensitivity of larvae to imidacloprid and phoxim. Exposure to β-naphthoflavone (BNF) significantly increased the expression of BoAhR, BoARNT, CYP6SX1, and CYP3828A1 as well as P450 activity and decreased larval sensitivity to imidacloprid and phoxim. Furthermore, CYP6SX1 and CYP3828A1 were significantly induced by imidacloprid and phoxim, and the silencing of these two genes significantly reduced larval tolerance to imidacloprid and phoxim. Taken together, the BoAhR/BoARNT pathway plays key roles in larval tolerance to imidacloprid and phoxim by regulating the expression of CYP6SX1 and CYP3828A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunni Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Virgens GS, Oliveira J, Cardoso MIO, Teodoro JA, Amaral DT. BioProtIS: Streamlining protein-ligand interaction pipeline for analysis in genomic and transcriptomic exploration. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 128:108721. [PMID: 38308972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The identification of protein-ligand interactions plays a pivotal role in elucidating biological processes and discovering potential bioproducts. Harnessing the capabilities of computational methods in drug discovery, we introduce an innovative Inverted Virtual Screening (IVS) pipeline. This pipeline Integrated molecular dynamics and docking analyses to ensure that protein structures are not only energetically favorable but also representative of stable conformations. The primary objective of this pipeline is to automate and streamline the analysis of protein-ligand interactions at both genomic and transcriptomic scales. In the contemporary post-genomic era, high-throughput computational screening for bioproducts, biological systems, and therapeutic drugs has become a cornerstone practice. This approach offers the promise of cost-effectiveness, time efficiency, and optimization of laboratory work. Nevertheless, a notable deficiency persists in the availability of efficient pipelines capable of automating the virtual screening process, seamlessly integrating input and output, and leveraging the full potential of open-source tools. To bridge this critical gap, we have developed a versatile pipeline known as BioProtIS. This tool seamlessly integrates a suite of state-of-the-art tools, including Modeller, AlphaFold, Gromacs, FPOCKET, and AutoDock Vina, thus facilitating the streamlined docking of ligands with an expansive repertoire of proteins sourced from genomes and transcriptomes, and substrates. To assess the pipeline's performance, we employed the transcriptomes of Cereus jamacaru (a cactus species) and Aspisoma lineatum (firefly), along with the genome of Homo sapiens. This integration not only improves the accuracy of ligand-protein interactions by minimizing replicability deviations but also optimizes the discovery process by enabling the simultaneous evaluation of multiple substrates. Furthermore, our pipeline accommodates distinct testing scenarios, such as blind docking or site-specific targeting, which are invaluable in applications ranging from drug repositioning to the exploration of new allosteric binding sites and toxicity assessments. BioProtIS has been designed with modularity at its core. This inherent flexibility empowers users to make custom modifications directly within the source code, tailoring the pipeline to their specific research needs. Moreover, it lays the foundation for seamless integration of diverse docking algorithms in future iterations, promising ongoing advancements in the field of computational biology. This pipeline is available for free distribution and can be download at: https://github.com/BBMDO/BioProtIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Sória Virgens
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Alfredo Teodoro
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo T Amaral
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Yang Y, Wang A, Xue C, Tian H, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Zhao M, Liu Z, Zhang J. MicroRNA PC-5p-3991_515 mediates triflumezopyrim susceptibility in the small brown planthopper through regulating the post-transcriptional expression of P450 CYP417A2. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1761-1770. [PMID: 38018281 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are recognized as a major contributor to metabolic resistance in insects to most insecticides, through gene overexpressions and protein mutations. MicroRNA (miRNA), an important post-transcriptional regulator, has been reported to promote insecticide resistance by mediating the expression of detoxification enzyme genes. RESULTS In the present study, we reported that a novel microRNA PC-5p-3991_515 was involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of CYP417A2 and mediated the triflumezopyrim susceptibility in the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén). The tissue expression profiles showed that CYP417A2 was highly expressed in fat body. CYP417A2 was significantly up-regulated at 12, 36, 60, 84 and 108 h after the triflumezopyrim treatment. RNA interference (RNAi) against CYP417A2 significantly increased triflumezopyrim susceptibility in SBPH. According to the prediction by miRanda and TargetScan software, three miRNAs were indicated to bind to CYP417A2. However, when oversupply of agomir, only two miRNAs, PC-3p-625_4405 and PC-5p-3991_515, significantly increased the susceptibility to triflumezopyrim and decreased CYP417A2 levels. Furthermore, PC-5p-3991_515 was confirmed to be involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of CYP417A2 by dual luciferase reporter assay. Meanwhile, PC-5p-3991_515 was co-localized with CYP417A2 in the midgut in situ hybridization. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that the novel microRNA, PC-5p-3991_515, post-transcriptionally regulated CYP417A2 expression, which then mediated the triflumezopyrim susceptibility in SBPH. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxue Yang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiyu Wang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Xue
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Honglin Tian
- Institute of Maize, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Maolin Zhou
- Institute of Maize, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Huang X, Zheng L, Wang Y. The Survival and Physiological Response of Calliptamus abbreviatus Ikonn (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to Flavonoids Rutin and Quercetin. INSECTS 2024; 15:95. [PMID: 38392514 PMCID: PMC10888613 DOI: 10.3390/insects15020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Insect-resistant substances from plants are important natural resources that human beings can potentially develop and use to control pests. In this study, we explored the adverse effects of rutin and quercetin on grasshopper (Calliptamus abbreviatus), as well as the insect's physiological response to these substances in laboratory and field experiments. These two plant compounds exhibited toxic effects on C. abbreviatus, with quercetin showing a stronger toxicity, indicated by a lower survival, slower development, and higher induced gene expression and activities of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, cytochrome P450s, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase, compared to rutin. These compounds, especially quercetin, have the potential to be developed as biopesticides to control grasshoppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunbing Huang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Li Zheng
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Enemies Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
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Li W, Yang W, Shi Y, Yang X, Liu S, Liao X, Shi L. Comprehensive analysis of the overexpressed cytochrome P450-based insecticide resistance mechanism in Spodoptera litura. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132605. [PMID: 37748309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s play critical roles in the metabolic resistance of insecticides in insects. Previous findings showed that enhanced P450 activity was an important mechanism mediating indoxacarb resistance, and multiple P450 genes were upregulated in indoxacarb resistant strains of Spodoptera litura. However, the functions of these P450 genes in insecticide resistance remain unknown. Here, the P450 inhibitor PBO effectively decreased the resistance of S. litura to indoxacarb. Ten upregulated P450 genes were characterized, all of which were overexpressed in response to indoxacarb induction. Knockdown of nine P450 genes decreased cell viability against indoxacarb, and further silencing of three genes (CYP339A1, CYP340G2, CYP321A19) in larvae enhanced the sensitivity to indoxacarb. Transgenic overexpression of these three genes increased resistance to indoxacarb in Drosophila melanogaster. Moreover, molecular modeling and docking predicted that these three P450 proteins could bind tightly to indoxacarb and N-decarbomethoxylated metabolite (DCJW). Interestingly, these three P450 genes may also mediate cross-resistance to chlorantraniliprole, λ-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid. Additionally, heterologous expression and metabolic assays confirmed that three recombinant P450s could effectively metabolize indoxacarb and DCJW. This study strongly demonstrates that multiple overexpressed mitochondrial and microsomal P450 genes were involved in insecticide resistance in S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Li
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiyu Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangqing Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolan Liao
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
| | - Li Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
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7
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Skorokhod O, Vostokova E, Gilardi G. The role of P450 enzymes in malaria and other vector-borne infectious diseases. Biofactors 2024; 50:16-32. [PMID: 37555735 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne infectious diseases are still an important global health problem. Malaria is the most important among them, mainly pediatric, life-threatening disease. Malaria and other vector-borne disorders caused by parasites, bacteria, and viruses have a strong impact on public health and significant economic costs. Most vector-borne diseases could be prevented by vector control, with attention to the ecological and biodiversity conservation aspects. Chemical control with pesticides and insecticides is widely used as a measure of prevention although increasing resistance to insecticides is a serious issue in vector control. Metabolic resistance is the most common mechanism and poses a big challenge. Insect enzyme systems, including monooxygenase CYP P450 enzymes, are employed by vectors mainly to metabolize insecticides thus causing resistance. The discovery and application of natural specific inhibitors/blockers of vector P450 enzymes as synergists for commonly used pesticides will contribute to the "greening" of insecticides. Besides vector CYPs, host CYP enzymes could also be exploited to fight against vector-borne diseases: using mostly their detoxifying properties and involvement in the immune response. Here, we review published research data on P450 enzymes from all players in vector-borne infections, that is, pathogens, vectors, and hosts, regarding the potential role of CYPs in disease. We discuss strategies on how to exploit cytochromes P450 in vector-borne disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii Skorokhod
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Vostokova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Pan D, Xia M, Li C, Liu X, Archdeacon L, O'Reilly AO, Yuan G, Wang J, Dou W. CYP4CL2 Confers Metabolic Resistance to Pyridaben in the Citrus Pest Mite Panonychus citri. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19465-19474. [PMID: 38048568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The citrus red mite Panonychus citri has developed strong resistance to acaricides. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) can detoxify pesticides and are involved in pesticide resistance in many insects. Here, a pyridaben-resistant P. citri strain showed cross-resistance to cyenopyrafen, bifenazate, fenpyroximate, and tolfenpyrad. Piperonyl butoxide, a P450 inhibitor, significantly increased the toxicity of pyridaben to resistant (Pyr_Rs) and susceptible (Pyr_Control) P. citri strains. P450 activity was significantly higher in Pyr_Rs than in Pyr_Control. Analyses of RNA-Seq data identified a P450 gene (CYP4CL2) that is potentially involved in pyridaben resistance. Consistently, it was up-regulated in two field-derived resistant populations (CQ_WZ and CQ_TN). RNA interference-mediated knockdown of CYP4CL2 significantly decreased the pyridaben resistance in P. citri. Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster expressing CYP4CL2 showed increased pyridaben resistance. Molecular docking analysis showed that pyridaben could bind to several amino acids at substrate recognition sites in CYP4CL2. These findings shed light on P450-mediated pyridaben resistance in pest mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Menghao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chuanzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xunyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lewis Archdeacon
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5UX, U.K
| | - Andrias O O'Reilly
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5UX, U.K
| | - Guorui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jinjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Quijano-Barraza JM, Zúñiga G, Cano-Ramírez C, López MF, Ramírez-Salinas GL, Becerril M. Evolution and functional role prediction of the CYP6DE and CYP6DJ subfamilies in Dendroctonus (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) bark beetles. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1274838. [PMID: 37877122 PMCID: PMC10593416 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1274838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendroctonus-bark beetles are natural components and key ecological agents of coniferous forests. They spend most of their lives under the bark, where they are exposed to highly toxic terpenes present in the oleoresin. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a multigene family involved in the detoxification of these compounds. It has been demonstrated that CYP6DE and CYP6DJ subfamilies hydroxylate monoterpenes, whose derivatives can act as pheromone synergist compounds or be pheromones themselves in these insects. Given the diversity and functional role of CYPs, we investigated whether these cytochromes have retained their function throughout the evolution of these insects. To test this hypothesis, we performed a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis to determine phylogenetic subgroups of cytochromes in these subfamilies. Subgroups were mapped and reconciled with the Dendroctonus phylogeny. Molecular docking analyses were performed with the cytochromes of each subgroup and enantiomers of α-pinene and β-pinene, (+)-3-carene, β-myrcene and R-(+)-limonene. In addition, functional divergence analysis was performed to identify critical amino acid sites that influence changes in catalytic site conformation and/or protein folding. Three and two phylogenetic subgroups were recovered for the CYP6DE and CYP6DJ subfamilies, respectively. Mapping and reconciliation analysis showed different gain and loss patterns for cytochromes of each subgroup. Functional predictions indicated that the cytochromes analyzed are able to hydroxylate all monoterpenes; however, they showed preferential affinities to different monoterpenes. Functional divergence analyses indicated that the CYP6DE subfamily has experimented type I and II divergence, whereas the CYP6DJ subfamily has evolved under strong functional constraints. Results suggest cytochromes of the CYP6DE subfamily evolve to reinforce their detoxifying capacity hydroxylating mainly α- and β-pinene to (+) and (-)-trans-verbenol, being the negative enantiomer used as a pheromone by several Dendroctonus species; whereas cytochromes of the CYP6DJ subfamily appear to retain their original function related to the detoxification of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Manuel Quijano-Barraza
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Cano-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda López
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gema L. Ramírez-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular y Diseño de Fármacos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moises Becerril
- Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
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10
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Zhang L, Lv H, Li X, Wan H, He S, Li J, Ma K. Sublethal effects of acetamiprid and afidopyropen on Harmonia axyridis: insights from transcriptomics analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115203. [PMID: 37406606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the sublethal effects of insecticide is crucial for protecting and utilizing natural enemies. In this study, we determined the sublethal effects of acetamiprid and afidopyropen on Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and explored the potential molecular mechanisms underlying these effects through transcriptomics analysis. The results showed that sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid significantly reduced the adult fecundity and longevity of F0H. axyridis and decreased the survival time and survival rate of the F1 generation. Sublethal concentrations of afidopyropen prolonged the developmental time of 4th instar larvae in the F0 generation. Additionally, acetamiprid and afidopyropen treatments significantly decreased the predation of H. axyridis. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that several P450 and UGT genes expressed differently when H. axyridis were exposed to sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid and afidopyropen, suggesting that the differential expression of detoxifying genes might be involved in the response and detoxification metabolism of acetamiprid and afidopyropen in H. axyridis. Our findings demonstrate that sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid adversely influences the development and predation of H. axyridis, while afidopyropen has limited effects on H. axyridis. These results are helpful for protecting and utilizing natural enemies and guiding the scientific use of pesticides in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Haixiang Lv
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xuchao Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hu Wan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shun He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Kangsheng Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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11
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Zhang C, Wang X, Tai S, Qi L, Yu X, Dai W. Transcription factor CncC potentially regulates cytochrome P450 CYP321A1-mediated flavone tolerance in Helicoverpa armigera. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105360. [PMID: 36963951 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Insect P450s play crucial roles in metabolizing insecticides and toxic plant allelochemicals. In this study, our results demonstrate that Helicoverpa armigera can adapt to a lower concentration of flavone (a flavonoid phytochemical), and P450 activities and CYP321A1 transcript levels significantly increase after exposure to flavone. RNAi-mediated knockdown of CYP321A1 significantly reduced the tolerance of H. armigera larvae to flavone. In addition, the regulatory mechanisms driving CYP321A1 induction following exposure to flavone were investigated. Flavone exposure significantly increased H2O2 generation in the larval midgut. The mRNA levels of HaCncC and HaMaf-s significantly increased in the midgut of H. armigera after exposure to flavone. Knockdown of HaCncC significantly inhibited expression of flavone-induced CYP321A1 and resulted in a decrease in flavone induction of CYP321A1. HaCncC knockdown significantly reduced the tolerance of H. armigera larvae to flavone. Taken together, these results indicate that HaCncC regulates expression of the CYP321A1 gene responsible for flavone tolerance in H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xinxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shulei Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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12
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Huang X, Kaufman PE, Athrey GN, Fredregill C, Alvarez C, Shetty V, Slotman MA. Potential key genes involved in metabolic resistance to malathion in the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, and functional validation of CYP325BC1 and CYP9M12 as candidate genes using RNA interference. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:160. [PMID: 36991322 PMCID: PMC10061707 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic detoxification is one of the major mechanisms contributing to the development of resistance in mosquitoes, including the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. The three major detoxification supergene families, cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases and general esterases, have been demonstrated to play an important role in metabolic resistance. In this study, we performed differential gene expression analysis based on high-throughput transcriptome sequencing on samples from four experimental groups to give insight into key genes involved in metabolic resistance to malathion in Cx. quinquefasciatus. We conducted a whole transcriptome analysis of field captured wild Cx. quinquefasciatus from Harris County (WI), Texas and a malathion susceptible laboratory-maintained Sebring colony (CO) to investigate metabolic insecticide resistance. Field captured mosquitoes were also phenotypically classified into the malathion resistant and malathion susceptible groups following a mortality response measure conducted using a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle assay. The live (MR) and dead (MS) specimens from the bottle assay, along with an unselected WI sample and a CO sample were processed for total RNA extraction and subjected to whole-transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS We demonstrated that the genes coding for detoxification enzymes, particularly cytochrome P450s, were highly up-regulated in the MR group compared to the MS group with similar up-regulation observed in the WI group compared to the CO group. A total of 1,438 genes were differentially expressed in comparison between MR and MS group, including 614 up-regulated genes and 824 down-regulated genes. Additionally, 1,871 genes were differentially expressed in comparison between WI and CO group, including 1,083 up-regulated genes and 788 down-regulated genes. Further analysis on differentially expressed genes from three major detoxification supergene families in both comparisons resulted in 16 detoxification genes as candidates potentially associated with metabolic resistance to malathion. Knockdown of CYP325BC1 and CYP9M12 using RNA interference on the laboratory-maintained Sebring strain significantly increased the mortality of Cx. quinquefasciatus after exposure to malathion. CONCLUSION We generated substantial transcriptomic evidence on metabolic detoxification of malathion in Cx. quinquefasciatus. We also validated the functional roles of two candidate P450 genes identified through DGE analysis. Our results are the first to demonstrate that knockdown of CYP325BC1 and CYP9M12 both significantly increased malathion susceptibility in Cx. quinquefasciatus, indicating involvement of these two genes in metabolic resistance to malathion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Huang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University Minnie Bell Heep Center, TAMU 2475 370 Olsen Blvd College Station, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Phillip E. Kaufman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University Minnie Bell Heep Center, TAMU 2475 370 Olsen Blvd College Station, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Giridhar N. Athrey
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Chris Fredregill
- Harris County Public Health, Mosquito & Vector Control Division, Houston, TX 77021 USA
| | - Christina Alvarez
- Harris County Public Health, Mosquito & Vector Control Division, Houston, TX 77021 USA
| | - Vinaya Shetty
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University Minnie Bell Heep Center, TAMU 2475 370 Olsen Blvd College Station, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Michel A. Slotman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University Minnie Bell Heep Center, TAMU 2475 370 Olsen Blvd College Station, College Station, TX 77843 USA
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13
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Li M, Feng X, Reid WR, Tang F, Liu N. Multiple-P450 Gene Co-Up-Regulation in the Development of Permethrin Resistance in the House Fly, Musca domestica. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043170. [PMID: 36834582 PMCID: PMC9959456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports a study conducted at the whole transcriptome level to characterize the P450 genes involved in the development of pyrethroid resistance, utilizing expression profile analyses of 86 cytochrome P450 genes in house fly strains with different levels of resistance to pyrethroids/permethrin. Interactions among the up-regulated P450 genes and possible regulatory factors in different autosomes were examined in house fly lines with different combinations of autosomes from a resistant house fly strain, ALHF. Eleven P450 genes that were significantly up-regulated, with levels > 2-fold those in the resistant ALHF house flies, were in CYP families 4 and 6 and located on autosomes 1, 3 and 5. The expression of these P450 genes was regulated by trans- and/or cis-acting factors, especially on autosomes 1 and 2. An in vivo functional study indicated that the up-regulated P450 genes also conferred permethrin resistance in Drosophila melanogaster transgenic lines. An in vitro functional study confirmed that the up-regulated P450 genes are able to metabolize not only cis- and trans-permethrin, but also two metabolites of permethrin, PBalc and PBald. In silico homology modeling and the molecular docking methodology further support the metabolic capacity of these P450s for permethrin and substrates. Taken together, the findings of this study highlight the important function of multi-up-regulated P450 genes in the development of insecticide resistance in house flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xuechun Feng
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - William R. Reid
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-334-844-5076
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14
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Tsvetkov N, Bahia S, Calla B, Berenbaum MR, Zayed A. Genetics of tolerance in honeybees to the neonicotinoid clothianidin. iScience 2023; 26:106084. [PMID: 36843853 PMCID: PMC9947305 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) on honeybee health are intensely debated, with numerous studies showing negative effects of exposure, while others report no such effects. We carried out experiments to study the genetic and molecular basis of NNI tolerance in honeybees, which may underlie the discrepancies observed in the literature. We discovered that worker survival post-exposure to an acute oral dose of clothianidin is heritable (H 2 = 37.8%). Tolerance to clothianidin was not associated with differences in the expression of detoxification enzymes in our experiments. Instead, mutations in the primary neonicotinoid detoxification genes CYP9Q1 and CYP9Q3 were strongly associated with worker survival post-clothianidin exposure. In some instances, the strong association between CYP9Q haplotypes and worker survival was associated with the protein's predicted binding affinity for clothianidin. Our findings have implications regarding future toxicological studies utilizing honeybees as a model pollinator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda Tsvetkov
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Simran Bahia
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Bernarda Calla
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - May R. Berenbaum
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amro Zayed
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada,Corresponding author
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15
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Carius Y, Hutter M, Kiss F, Bernhardt R, Lancaster CRD. Structural comparison of the cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP106A1 and CYP106A2 provides insight into their differences in steroid conversion. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:3133-3144. [PMID: 36151590 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structural basis of the selectivity of steroid hydroxylation requires detailed structural and functional investigations on various steroid hydroxylases with different selectivities, such as the bacterial cytochrome P450 enzymes. Here, the crystal structure of the cytochrome P450 CYP106A1 from Priestia megaterium was solved. CYP106A1 exhibits a rare additional structural motif of a cytochrome P450, a sixth β-sheet. The protein was found in different unusual conformations corresponding to both open and closed forms even when crystallized without any known substrate. The structural comparison of CYP106A1 with the previously investigated CYP106A2, including docking studies for both isoforms with the substrate cortisol, reveals a completely different orientation of the steroid molecule in the active sites. This distinction convincingly explains the experimentally observed differences in substrate conversion and product formation by the two enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Carius
- Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hutter
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Flora Kiss
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rita Bernhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - C Roy D Lancaster
- Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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16
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Shyam-Sundar N, Ramasubramanian R, Karthi S, Senthil-Nathan S, Chanthini KMP, Sivanesh H, Stanley-Raja V, Ramkumar G, Narayanan KR, Mahboob S, Al-Ghanim KA, Abdel-Megeed A, Krutmuang P. Effects of phytocompound Precocene 1 on the expression and functionality of the P450 gene in λ-cyhalothrin-resistant Spodoptera litura (Fab.). Front Physiol 2022; 13:900570. [PMID: 36439259 PMCID: PMC9684723 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.900570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is an agriculturally significant polyphagous insect pest that has evolved a high level of resistance to conventional insecticides. A dietary assay was used in this work to assess the resilience of field populations of S. litura to λ-cyhalothrin. Analysis of the function and expression of the cytochrome P450 gene was used to test the sensitivity of S. litura larvae to sub-lethal concentrations of the insecticidal plant chemical Precocene 1, both by itself and in combination with λ-cyhalothrin. The activity of esterase enzymes (α and β) was found to decrease 48 h post treatment with Precocene 1. The activity of GST enzyme and cytochrome P450 increased with Precocene 1 treatment post 48 h, however. Expression studies revealed the modulation by Precocene 1 of cytochrome P450 genes, CYP4M16, CYP4M15, CYP4S8V4, CYP4G31, and CYP4L10. While CYP4M16 expression was stimulated the most by the synergistic Precocene 1 + λ-cyhalothrin treatment, expression of CYP4G31 was the most down-regulated by Precocene 1 exposure. Hence, it is evident that λ-cyhalothrin-resistant pest populations are still sensitive to Precocene 1 at a sublethal concentration that is nevertheless capable of hindering their development. Precocene 1 can therefore be considered a potent candidate for the effective management of insecticide-resilient S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Shyam-Sundar
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Ramasubramanian
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sengodan Karthi
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanagaraj Muthu-Pandian Chanthini
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Haridoss Sivanesh
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vethamonickam Stanley-Raja
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindaraju Ramkumar
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Abdel-Megeed
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Patcharin Krutmuang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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17
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Liu B, Fu D, Ning H, Tang M, Chen H. Knockdown of CYP6CR2 and CYP6DE5 reduces tolerance to host plant allelochemicals in the Chinese white pine beetle Dendroctonus armandi. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105180. [PMID: 36127042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bark beetles rely on detoxifying enzymes to resist the defensive terpenoids of the host tree. Insect cytochrome P450 (CYPs) plays a key role in the detoxification of pesticides and plant allelochemicals. CYP6 family is unique to Insecta, and its biochemical function is basically related to the metabolism of exogenous substances. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the full-length cDNAs of two CYP6 genes from Chinese white pine beetle, Dendroctonus armandi. Spatiotemporal expression profiling revealed that the expression of CYP6CR2 and CYP6DE5 was higher in larval and adult stages of D. armandi than that in other developmental stages, and that two genes predominantly expressed in brain, midgut, fat body, Malpighian tubules or hemolymph. The expression of CYP6CR2 and CYP6DE5 was significantly induced after feeding on the phloem of Pinus armandii and exposure to six stimuli [(±)- α -pinene, (-)-α-pinene, (-)-β-pinene, (+)-3-carene, (±)-limonene and turpentine]. Importantly, silencing CYP6CR2 and CYP6DE5 separately could increase the sensitivity, led to a significant reduction of the activity of P450, resulting a significant increase in adult mortality after treatment with terpenoids. The comprehensive results of this study showed that in the process of host selection and colonization, the functions of CYPs were mainly to hydrolyze the chemical defense of the host and degrade odor molecules. These findings may help to develop new treatments to control this important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Danyang Fu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hang Ning
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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18
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Xu L, Li B, Liu H, Zhang H, Liu R, Yu H, Li D. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout Reveals the Involvement of CYP304F1 in β-Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos Resistance in Spodoptera litura. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11192-11200. [PMID: 36043880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Functions of insect CYP2 clan P450s in insecticide resistance are relatively less reported. In Spodoptera litura, a gene from the CYP2 clan (CYP304F1) was validated to be up-regulated significantly in a pyrethroid- and organophosphate-resistant population (QJ) than a susceptible population by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. Spatial-temporal expression indicated the high expression of CYP304F1 in the fourth, fifth, and sixth instar larvae and the metabolism-related tissue fat body and malpighian tubules. CYP304F1 was knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9, and a homozygous population (QJ-CYP304F1) with a G-base deletion at exon 2 was obtained after selection. Bioassay results showed that the LD50 values to β-cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in the QJ-CYP304F1 population decreased significantly, and the resistance ratio was both 1.81-fold in the QJ population compared with that in the QJ-CYP304F1 population. The toxicity of fenvalerate, cyhalothrin, or phoxim showed no significant change. These results suggested that CYP304F1 is involved in β-cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos resistance in S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Runqiang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Dongzhi Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
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19
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Xiao T, Lu K. Functional characterization of CYP6AE subfamily P450s associated with pyrethroid detoxification in Spodoptera litura. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:452-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Revealing the difference of α-amylase and CYP6AE76 gene between polyphagous Conogethes punctiferalis and oligophagous C. pinicolalis by multiple-omics and molecular biological technique. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:521. [PMID: 35854244 PMCID: PMC9295484 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conogethes pinicolalis has been thought as a Pinaceae-feeding variant of the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis. The divergence of C. pinicolalis from the fruit-feeding moth C. punctiferalis has been reported in terms of morphology, ecology, and genetics, however there is a lack of detailed molecular data. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the divergence of C. pinicolalis from C. punctiferalis from the aspects of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics. Results The expression of 74,611 mRNA in transcriptome, 142 proteins in proteome and 218 metabolites in metabolome presented significantly differences between the two species, while the KEGG results showed the data were mainly closely related to metabolism and redox. Moreover, based on integrating system-omics data, we found that the α-amylase and CYP6AE76 genes were mutated between the two species. Mutations in the α-amylase and CYP6AE76 genes may influence the efficiency of enzyme preference for a certain substrate, resulting in differences in metabolic or detoxifying ability in both species. The qPCR and enzyme activity test also confirmed the relevant gene expression. Conclusions These findings of two related species and integrated networks provide beneficial information for further exploring the divergence in specific genes, metabolism, and redox mechanism. Most importantly, it will give novel insight on species adaptation to various diets, such as from monophagous to polyphagous. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08753-9.
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Shi Y, Sun S, Zhang Y, He Y, Du M, ÓReilly AO, Wu S, Yang Y, Wu Y. Single amino acid variations drive functional divergence of cytochrome P450s in Helicoverpa species. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 146:103796. [PMID: 35636594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Divergence of gene function is a hallmark of evolution, but assessing such divergence in one species or between species requires information on functional alterations of the alleles and homologs. Here, we explore the functional divergence of two paralogs, CYP6AE19 and CYP6AE20, from Helicoverpa armigera, and two close orthologs, CYP6B8 and CYP6B7, from two related species (Helicoverpa zea and H. armigera); although there is high sequence identity within each pair of enzymes, the latter P450 of each pair has lost metabolic competence towards the plant allelochemical xanthotoxin. Multiple chimeric and single/double site mutants were created by exchanging the diverse substrate recognition sites (SRSs) and amino acids within each pair of P450s. Heterologous expression in Sf9 cells and in vitro metabolism studies showed that the exchange of SRS4 swapped the activity of CYP6AE19 and CYP6AE20, and subsequent site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that the CYP6AE20 V318M substitution causes a gain-of-function towards xanthotoxin. Meanwhile, a single amino acid substitution (L489P) in SRS6 was found to swap activity between the CYP6B orthologs. Sequence alignments of CYP6AE paralogs and all reported insect xanthotoxin-metabolizing P450s suggest M318 and P489 are essential for the catalytic activities of CYP6AE paralogs and CYP6B orthologs, respectively, but P450s in different subfamilies may have different mechanisms towards the same substrate. Our findings demonstrate that a single amino acid substitution can suffice to alter substrate metabolism and this functional divergence resulting from natural mutations will help to further our understanding of the process of natural selection of P450 genes and their role in insect-host plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Shuo Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yujun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yingshi He
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Minghong Du
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Andrias O ÓReilly
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Shuwen Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yihua Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zhang C, Du S, Liu R, Dai W. Overexpression of Multiple Cytochrome P450 Genes Conferring Clothianidin Resistance in Bradysia odoriphaga. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7636-7643. [PMID: 35709533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play important roles in the detoxification metabolism of xenobiotics and are involved in the resistance of insects to many insecticides. In this study, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), an inhibitor of P450 enzyme activity, significantly increased the toxicity of clothianidin in the clothianidin-resistant (CL-R) population of Bradysia odoriphaga. The enzyme activity of P450 in the CL-R population was significantly higher than that in the SS population. Furthermore, four P450 genes were found to be significantly overexpressed in the CL-R population. Tissue-specific expression analysis indicates that CYP9J57, CYP3828A1, CYP6SX1, and CYP6QE1 were most highly expressed in the midgut and/or Malpighian tubules. After exposure to LC30 of clothianidin, the expression levels of the four P450 genes were significantly upregulated. The RNAi-mediated knockdown of CYP9J57, CYP3828A1, and CYP6QE1 significantly increased the susceptibility of B. odoriphaga to clothianidin. These results suggest that P450 genes are involved in clothianidin resistance in B. odoriphaga. This provides a better understanding of P450-mediated clothianidin resistance in B. odoriphaga and will contribute to the management of insect resistance to insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaokai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, and Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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23
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Chen L, Feng C, Wang R, Nong X, Deng X, Chen X, Yu H. A chromosome-level genome assembly of the pollinating fig wasp Valisia javana. DNA Res 2022; 29:6589890. [PMID: 35595238 PMCID: PMC9160881 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fig wasp has always been thought the species-specific pollinator for their host fig (Moraceae, Ficus) and constitute a model system with its host to study co-evolution and co-speciation. The availability of a high-quality genome will help to further reveal the mechanisms underlying these characteristics. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-level genome for Valisa javana developed by a combination of PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read. The assembled genome size is 296.34 Mb from 13 contigs with a contig N50 length of 26.76 kb. Comparative genomic analysis revealed expanded and positively selected genes related to biological features that aid fig wasps living in syconium of its highly specific host. Protein-coding genes associated with chemosensory, detoxification and venom genes were identified. Several differentially expressed genes in transcriptome data of V. javana between odor-stimulated samples and the controls have been identified in some olfactory signal transduction pathways, e.g. olfactory transduction, cAMP, cGMP-PKG, Calcim, Ras and Rap1. This study provides a valuable genomic resource for a fig wasp, and sheds insight into further revealing the mechanisms underlying their adaptive traits to their hosts in different places and co-speciation with their host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaojue Nong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaoxia Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Tiantong National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510650, China
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Wang Y, Huang X, Li H, Chen G. Occurrence, Density, and Transcriptomic Response of the Leafhopper Erythroneura sudra (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) When Confronted With Different Fruit Tree Species. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:18. [PMID: 35763316 PMCID: PMC9239223 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The leafhopper, Erythroneura sudra (Distant) is becoming a dominant insect pest, and usually can cause significant damage to fruit production in northern China. We studied the occurrence and density of E. sudra on three fruit tree species and its transcriptomic responses when it was fed on leaves of these tree species. A higher density and survival rate of E. sudra were recorded when it fed on leaves of peach (Amygdalus persica L.) (Rosales: Rosaceae) and cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl) (Rosales: Rosaceae) than on apple (Malus domestica Mill) (Rosales: Rosaceae). Also, feeding on M. domestica induced the largest variation in transcriptomic profiles in E. sudra. In total, 166 genes were differentially expressed (89 upregulated and 77 downregulated) in E. sudra when it fed on M. domestica, compared to when it fed on the other two tree species. The upregulated genes were mainly related to 'response to oxidative stress', 'stress-resistance', and 'xenobiotic metabolic process'. The downregulated genes were mainly related to 'structural constituent of cuticle', 'biosynthetic process', and 'development regulation'. These results suggested that M. domestica significantly changed the expression of many genes and consequently caused lower occurrence and density of E. sudra. Such information could enhance our understanding of the leafhopper-host plant relationship. Additionally, it can contribute to the improvement of current control strategies for this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui Li
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Guangyan Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, P.R. China
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Shi Y, Li W, Zhou Y, Liao X, Shi L. Contribution of multiple overexpressed carboxylesterase genes to indoxacarb resistance in Spodoptera litura. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1903-1914. [PMID: 35066991 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an important family of detoxification enzymes, carboxylesterases (CarEs) have important roles in the development of insecticide resistance in almost all agricultural pests. Previous studies have suggested that enhancement of CarE activity is an important mechanism mediating indoxacarb resistance in Spodoptera litura, and several CarE genes have been found to be overexpressed in indoxacarb-resistant strains. However, the functions of these CarE genes in indoxacarb resistance needs to be further investigated. RESULTS The synergist triphenyl phosphate effectively reduced the resistance of S. litura to indoxacarb, suggesting an involvement of CarEs in indoxacarb resistance. Among seven identified S. litura CarE genes (hereafter SlituCOE), six were overexpressed in two indoxacarb-resistant strains, but there were no significant differences in gene copy number. Knockdown of SlituCOE009 and SlituCOE050 enhanced indoxacarb sensitivity in both susceptible and resistant strains, whereas knockdown of SlituCOE090, SlituCOE093 and SlituCOE074 enhanced indoxacarb sensitivity in only the resistant strain. Knockdown of the sixth gene, SlituCOE073, did not have any effect. Furthermore, simultaneous knockdown of the five SlituCOE genes had a greater effect on increasing indoxacarb sensitivity than silencing them individually. By contrast, overexpression of the five SlituCOE genes individually in Drosophila melanogaster significantly decreased the toxicity of indoxacarb to transgenic fruit flies. Furthermore, modeling and docking analysis indicated that the catalytic pockets of SlituCOE009 and SlituCOE074 were ideally shaped for indoxacarb and N-decarbomethoxylated metabolite (DCJW), but the binding affinity for DCJW was stronger than for indoxacarb. CONCLUSION This study reveals that multiple overexpressed CarE genes are involved in indoxacarb resistance in S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shi
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Bio-pesticide and Formulation Processing, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Changsha, China
| | - Wenlin Li
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Bio-pesticide and Formulation Processing, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Changsha, China
| | - Yuliang Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Bio-pesticide and Formulation Processing, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolan Liao
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Bio-pesticide and Formulation Processing, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Changsha, China
| | - Li Shi
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Bio-pesticide and Formulation Processing, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Changsha, China
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Kusimo MO, Mackenzie-Impoinvil L, Ibrahim SS, Muhammad A, Irving H, Hearn J, Lenhart AE, Wondji CS. Pyrethroid resistance in the New World malaria vector Anopheles albimanus is mediated by cytochrome P450 CYP6P5. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 183:105061. [PMID: 35430064 PMCID: PMC9125164 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles albimanus presents an obstacle to malaria elimination in the Americas. Here, An. albimanus CYP6P5 (the most overexpressed P450 in a Peruvian population) was functionally characterized. Recombinant CYP6P5 metabolized the type II pyrethroids, deltamethrin and α-cypermethrin with comparable affinities (KM of 3.3 μM ± 0.4 and 3.6 μM ± 0.5, respectively), but exhibited a 2.7-fold higher catalytic rate for α-cypermethrin (kcat of 6.02 min-1 ± 0.2) versus deltamethrin (2.68 min-1 ± 0.09). Time-course assays revealed progressive depletion of the above pyrethroids with production of four HPLC-detectable metabolites. Low depletion was obtained with type I pyrethroid, permethrin. Transgenic expression in Drosophila melanogaster demonstrated that overexpression of CYP6P5 alone conferred type II pyrethroid resistance, with only 16% and 55.3% mortalities in flies exposed to 0.25% α-cypermethrin and 0.15% deltamethrin, respectively. Synergist bioassays using P450 inhibitor piperonylbutoxide significantly recovered susceptibility (mortality = 73.6%, p < 0.001) in synergized flies exposed to 4% piperonylbutoxide, plus 0.25% α-cypermethrin, compared to non-synergized flies (mortality = 4.9%). Moderate resistance was also observed towards 4% DDT. These findings established the preeminent role of CYP6P5 in metabolic resistance in An. albimanus, highlighting challenges associated with deployment of insecticide-based control tools in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Kusimo
- LSTM Research Unit, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Lucy Mackenzie-Impoinvil
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centre for Global Health, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Sulaiman S Ibrahim
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University, PMB 3011 Kano, Nigeria.
| | - Abdullahi Muhammad
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; Centre for Biotechnology Research, Bayero University, PMB 3011 Kano, Nigeria
| | - Helen Irving
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Jack Hearn
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Audrey E Lenhart
- Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centre for Global Health, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Charles S Wondji
- LSTM Research Unit, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), P.O. Box 13591, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
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Lin R, Yang M, Yao B. The phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of detoxification gene families in Aphidinae species. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263462. [PMID: 35143545 PMCID: PMC8830634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Detoxification enzymes play significant roles in the interactions between insects and host plants, wherein detoxification-related genes make great contributions. As herbivorous pests, aphids reproduce rapidly due to parthenogenesis. They are good biological materials for studying the mechanisms that allow insect adaptation to host plants. Insect detoxification gene families are associated with insect adaptation to host plants. The Aphidinae is the largest subfamily in the Aphididae with at least 2483 species in 256 genera in 2 tribes: the Macrosiphini (with 3/4 of the species) and the Aphidini. Most aphid pests on crops and ornamental plants are Aphidinae. Members of the Aphidinae occur in nearly every region of the world. The body shape and colour vary significantly. To research the role that detoxification gene families played in the process of aphid adaptation to host evolution, we analyzed the phylogeny and evolution of these detoxification gene families in Aphidinae. In general, the P450/GST/CCE gene families contract, whereas the ABC/UGT families are conserved in Aphidinae species compared to these families in other herbivorous insects. Genus-specific expansions of P450 CYP4, and GST Delta have occurred in the genus Acyrthosiphon. In addition, the evolutionary rates of five detoxification gene families in the evolution process of Aphidinae are different. The comparison of five detoxification gene families among nine Aphidinae species and the estimated relative evolutionary rates provided herein support an understanding of the interaction between and the co-evolution of Aphidinae and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmei Lin
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (RL); (BY)
| | - Mengquan Yang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bowen Yao
- School of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (RL); (BY)
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Nauen R, Bass C, Feyereisen R, Vontas J. The Role of Cytochrome P450s in Insect Toxicology and Resistance. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 67:105-124. [PMID: 34590892 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-070621-061328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) perform a variety of important physiological functions, but it is their role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, such as natural and synthetic insecticides, that is the topic of this review. Recent advances in insect genomics and postgenomic functional approaches have provided an unprecedented opportunity to understand the evolution of insect P450s and their role in insect toxicology. These approaches have also been harnessed to provide new insights into the genomic alterations that lead to insecticide resistance, the mechanisms by which P450s are regulated, and the functional determinants of P450-mediated insecticide resistance. In parallel, an emerging body of work on the role of P450s in defining the sensitivity of beneficial insects to insecticides has been developed. The knowledge gained from these studies has applications for the management of P450-mediated resistance in insect pests and can be leveraged to safeguard the health of important beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Nauen
- Crop Science Division R&D, Bayer AG, D-40789 Monheim, Germany;
| | - Chris Bass
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom;
| | - René Feyereisen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Vontas
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Baldwin SR, Mohapatra P, Nagalla M, Sindvani R, Amaya D, Dickson HA, Menuz K. Identification and characterization of CYPs induced in the Drosophila antenna by exposure to a plant odorant. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20530. [PMID: 34654888 PMCID: PMC8521596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the cytochrome p450 (CYP) enzyme family are abundantly expressed in insect olfactory tissues, where they are thought to act as Odorant Degrading Enzymes (ODEs). However, their contribution to olfactory signaling in vivo is poorly understood. This is due in part to the challenge of identifying which of the dozens of antennal-expressed CYPs might inactivate a given odorant. Here, we tested a high-throughput deorphanization strategy in Drosophila to identify CYPs that are transcriptionally induced by exposure to odorants. We discovered three CYPs selectively upregulated by geranyl acetate using transcriptional profiling. Although these CYPs are broadly expressed in the antenna in non-neuronal cells, electrophysiological recordings from CYP mutants did not reveal any changes in olfactory neuron responses to this odorant. Neurons were desensitized by pre-exposing flies to the odorant, but this effect was similar in CYP mutants. Together, our data suggest that the induction of a CYP gene by an odorant does not necessarily indicate a role for that CYP in neuronal responses to that odorant. We go on to show that some CYPs have highly restricted expression patterns in the antenna, and suggest that such CYPs may be useful candidates for further studies on olfactory CYP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane R Baldwin
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- MBF Bioscience, Williston, VT, 05495, USA
| | - Pratyajit Mohapatra
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Monica Nagalla
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Rhea Sindvani
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Desiree Amaya
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Hope A Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Karen Menuz
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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Amaral DT, Johnson CH, Viviani VR. RNA-Seq analysis of the blue light-emitting Orfelia fultoni (Diptera: Keroplatidae) suggest photoecological adaptations at the molecular level. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 39:100840. [PMID: 34022525 PMCID: PMC8495875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence in Diptera is found in the Keroplatidae family, within Arachnocampininae and Keroplatinae subfamilies, with reported occurrences in Oceania, Eurasia, and Americas. Larvae of Orfelia fultoni, which inhabit stream banks in the Appalachian Mountains, emit the bluest bioluminescence among insects, using it for prey attraction, similarly to Arachnocampa spp. Although bioluminescence has a similar prey attraction function, the systems of Arachonocampininae and Keroplatinae subfamilies are morphologically/biochemically distinct, indicating different evolutionary origins. To identify the possible coding genes associated with physiological control, ecological adaptations, and origin/evolution of bioluminescence in the Keroplatinae subfamily, we performed the RNA-Seq analysis of O. fultoni larvae during day and night and compared it with the transcriptomes of Arachnocampa luminosa, and reanalyzed the previously published proteomic data of O. fultoni against the RNA-Seq dataset. The abundance of chaperones/heat-shock and hexamerin gene products at night and in luciferase enriched fractions supports their possible association and participation in bioluminescence. The low diversity of copies/families of opsins indicate a simpler visual system in O. fultoni. Noteworthy, gene products associated with silk protein biosynthesis in Orfelia were more similar to Lepidoptera than to the Arachnocampa, indicating that, similarly to the bioluminescent systems, at some point, the biochemical apparatus for web construction may have evolved independently in Orfelia and Arachnocampa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo T Amaral
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring (UFSCar), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carl H Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Vadim R Viviani
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring (UFSCar), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Graduate School of Evolutive Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal Univ. São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Zuo Y, Shi Y, Zhang F, Guan F, Zhang J, Feyereisen R, Fabrick JA, Yang Y, Wu Y. Genome mapping coupled with CRISPR gene editing reveals a P450 gene confers avermectin resistance in the beet armyworm. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009680. [PMID: 34252082 PMCID: PMC8297932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of insecticide resistance represents a global constraint to agricultural production. Because of the extreme genetic diversity found in insects and the large numbers of genes involved in insecticide detoxification, better tools are needed to quickly identify and validate the involvement of putative resistance genes for improved monitoring, management, and countering of field-evolved insecticide resistance. The avermectins, emamectin benzoate (EB) and abamectin are relatively new pesticides with reduced environmental risk that target a wide number of insect pests, including the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, an important global pest of many crops. Unfortunately, field resistance to avermectins recently evolved in the beet armyworm, threatening the sustainable use of this class of insecticides. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-level assembly of the beet armyworm genome and use bulked segregant analysis (BSA) to identify the locus of avermectin resistance, which mapped on 15-16 Mbp of chromosome 17. Knockout of the CYP9A186 gene that maps within this region by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing fully restored EB susceptibility, implicating this gene in avermectin resistance. Heterologous expression and in vitro functional assays further confirm that a natural substitution (F116V) found in the substrate recognition site 1 (SRS1) of the CYP9A186 protein results in enhanced metabolism of EB and abamectin. Hence, the combined approach of coupling gene editing with BSA allows for the rapid identification of metabolic resistance genes responsible for insecticide resistance, which is critical for effective monitoring and adaptive management of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity and College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity and College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity and College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity and College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianpeng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity and College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - René Feyereisen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey A. Fabrick
- USDA ARS, U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Yihua Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity and College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (YW)
| | - Yidong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity and College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (YW)
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Wagah MG, Korlević P, Clarkson C, Miles A, Lawniczak MKN, Makunin A. Genetic variation at the Cyp6m2 putative insecticide resistance locus in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii. Malar J 2021; 20:234. [PMID: 34034756 PMCID: PMC8146665 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of insecticide resistance is a major threat to malaria control programmes in Africa, with many different factors contributing to insecticide resistance in its vectors, Anopheles mosquitoes. CYP6M2 has previously been recognized as an important candidate in cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification in Anopheles. As it has been implicated in resistance against pyrethroids, organochlorines and carbamates, its broad metabolic activity makes it a potential agent in insecticide cross-resistance. Currently, allelic variation within the Cyp6m2 gene remains unknown. Methods Here, Illumina whole-genome sequence data from Phase 2 of the Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes Project (Ag1000G) was used to examine genetic variation in the Cyp6m2 gene across 16 populations in 13 countries comprising Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes. To identify whether these alleles show evidence of selection either through potentially modified enzymatic function or by being linked to variants that change the transcriptional profile of the gene, hierarchical clustering of haplotypes, linkage disequilibrium, median joining networks and extended haplotype homozygosity analyses were performed. Results Fifteen missense biallelic substitutions at high frequency (defined as > 5% frequency in one or more populations) are found, which fall into five distinct haplotype groups that carry the main high frequency variants: A13T, D65A, E328Q, Y347F, I359V and A468S. Despite consistent reports of Cyp6m2 upregulation and metabolic activity in insecticide resistant Anophelines, no evidence of directional selection is found occurring on these variants or on the haplotype clusters in which they are found. Conclusion These results imply that emerging resistance associated with Cyp6m2 is potentially driven by distant regulatory loci such as transcriptional factors rather than by its missense variants, or that other genes are playing a more significant role in conferring metabolic resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-021-03757-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Wagah
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK.
| | - Petra Korlević
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
| | | | - Alistair Miles
- University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | | | - Alex Makunin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
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Generalovic TN, McCarthy SA, Warren IA, Wood JMD, Torrance J, Sims Y, Quail M, Howe K, Pipan M, Durbin R, Jiggins CD. A high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.). G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab085. [PMID: 33734373 PMCID: PMC8104945 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is an increasingly important species for bioconversion of organic material into animal feed. We generated a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly of the BSF using Pacific Bioscience, 10X Genomics linked read and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture sequencing technology. Scaffolding the final assembly with Hi-C data produced a highly contiguous 1.01 Gb genome with 99.75% of scaffolds assembled into pseudochromosomes representing seven chromosomes with 16.01 Mb contig and 180.46 Mb scaffold N50 values. The highly complete genome obtained a Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) completeness of 98.6%. We masked 67.32% of the genome as repetitive sequences and annotated a total of 16,478 protein-coding genes using the BRAKER2 pipeline. We analyzed an established lab population to investigate the genomic variation and architecture of the BSF revealing six autosomes and an X chromosome. Additionally, we estimated the inbreeding coefficient (1.9%) of the lab population by assessing runs of homozygosity. This provided evidence for inbreeding events including long runs of homozygosity on chromosome 5. The release of this novel chromosome-scale BSF genome assembly will provide an improved resource for further genomic studies, functional characterization of genes of interest and genetic modification of this economically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shane A McCarthy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Ian A Warren
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Jonathan M D Wood
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - James Torrance
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ying Sims
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Michael Quail
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kerstin Howe
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Miha Pipan
- Better Origin, Entomics Biosystems Limited, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Richard Durbin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
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Multiple cytochrome P450 genes: conferring high levels of permethrin resistance in mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9041. [PMID: 33907243 PMCID: PMC8079677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticides, especially pyrethroids, are the most important in the insect pest control and preventing insect vector-borne human diseases. However, insect pests, including mosquitoes, have developed resistance in the insecticides that used against them. Cytochrome P450s are associated with insecticide resistance through overexpression and detoxification mechanisms in insect species. In this study, we utilized a powerful tool, the RNAi technique, to determine the roles of key P450 genes overexpressed in permethrin resistant mosquitoes that confer insecticide resistance to unravel the molecular basis of resistance mechanisms in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. The results showed that knockdown of 8 key P450 genes using RNAi techniques significantly decreased resistance to permethrin in resistant mosquitoes. In silico modeling and docking analysis further revealed the potential metabolic function of overexpressed P450 genes in the development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. These findings not only highlighted the functional importance of these P450 genes in insecticide resistance, but also revealed that overexpression of multiple P450 genes was responsible for the high levels of insecticide resistance in a mosquito population of Culex quinquefasciatus.
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Olafson PU, Aksoy S, Attardo GM, Buckmeier G, Chen X, Coates CJ, Davis M, Dykema J, Emrich SJ, Friedrich M, Holmes CJ, Ioannidis P, Jansen EN, Jennings EC, Lawson D, Martinson EO, Maslen GL, Meisel RP, Murphy TD, Nayduch D, Nelson DR, Oyen KJ, Raszick TJ, Ribeiro JMC, Robertson HM, Rosendale AJ, Sackton TB, Saelao P, Swiger SL, Sze SH, Tarone AM, Taylor DB, Warren WC, Waterhouse RM, Weirauch MT, Werren JH, Wilson RK, Zdobnov EM, Benoit JB. The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control. BMC Biol 2021; 19:41. [PMID: 33750380 PMCID: PMC7944917 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a major blood-feeding pest of livestock that has near worldwide distribution, causing an annual cost of over $2 billion for control and product loss in the USA alone. Control of these flies has been limited to increased sanitary management practices and insecticide application for suppressing larval stages. Few genetic and molecular resources are available to help in developing novel methods for controlling stable flies. Results This study examines stable fly biology by utilizing a combination of high-quality genome sequencing and RNA-Seq analyses targeting multiple developmental stages and tissues. In conjunction, 1600 genes were manually curated to characterize genetic features related to stable fly reproduction, vector host interactions, host-microbe dynamics, and putative targets for control. Most notable was characterization of genes associated with reproduction and identification of expanded gene families with functional associations to vision, chemosensation, immunity, and metabolic detoxification pathways. Conclusions The combined sequencing, assembly, and curation of the male stable fly genome followed by RNA-Seq and downstream analyses provide insights necessary to understand the biology of this important pest. These resources and new data will provide the groundwork for expanding the tools available to control stable fly infestations. The close relationship of Stomoxys to other blood-feeding (horn flies and Glossina) and non-blood-feeding flies (house flies, medflies, Drosophila) will facilitate understanding of the evolutionary processes associated with development of blood feeding among the Cyclorrhapha. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-00975-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia U Olafson
- Livestock Arthropod Pests Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX, USA.
| | - Serap Aksoy
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Attardo
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Greta Buckmeier
- Livestock Arthropod Pests Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- The Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Craig J Coates
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Megan Davis
- Livestock Arthropod Pests Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX, USA
| | - Justin Dykema
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Scott J Emrich
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Markus Friedrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christopher J Holmes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Panagiotis Ioannidis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Evan N Jansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Emily C Jennings
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Lawson
- The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, The European Bioinformatics Institute, The Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | | | - Gareth L Maslen
- The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, The European Bioinformatics Institute, The Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Richard P Meisel
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Terence D Murphy
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dana Nayduch
- Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kennan J Oyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tyler J Raszick
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - José M C Ribeiro
- Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hugh M Robertson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Timothy B Sackton
- Informatics Group, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Perot Saelao
- Livestock Arthropod Pests Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX, USA
| | - Sonja L Swiger
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Stephenville, TX, USA
| | - Sing-Hoi Sze
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Aaron M Tarone
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - David B Taylor
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Wesley C Warren
- University of Missouri, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Robert M Waterhouse
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John H Werren
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Evgeny M Zdobnov
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Rork AM, Xu S, Attygalle A, Renner T. Primary Metabolism co-Opted for Defensive Chemical Production in the Carabid Beetle, Harpalus pensylvanicus. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:334-349. [PMID: 33689113 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Of the approximately one million described insect species, ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) have long captivated the attention of evolutionary biologists due to the diversity of defensive compounds they synthesize. Produced using defensive glands in the abdomen, ground beetle chemicals represent over 250 compounds including predator-deterring formic acid, which has evolved as a defensive strategy at least three times across Insecta. Despite being a widespread method of defense, formic acid biosynthesis is poorly understood in insects. Previous studies have suggested that the folate cycle of one-carbon (C1) metabolism, a pathway involved in nucleotide biosynthesis, may play a key role in defensive-grade formic acid production in ants. Here, we report on the defensive gland transcriptome of the formic acid-producing ground beetle Harpalus pensylvanicus. The full suite of genes involved in the folate cycle of C1 metabolism are significantly differentially expressed in the defensive glands of H. pensylvanicus when compared to gene expression profiles in the rest of the body. We also find support for two additional pathways potentially involved in the biosynthesis of defensive-grade formic acid, the kynurenine pathway and the methionine salvage cycle. Additionally, we have found an array of differentially expressed genes in the secretory lobes involved in the biosynthesis and transport of cofactors necessary for formic acid biosynthesis, as well as genes presumably involved in the detoxification of secondary metabolites including formic acid. We also provide insight into the evolution of the predominant gene family involved in the folate cycle (MTHFD) and suggest that high expression of folate cycle genes rather than gene duplication and/or neofunctionalization may be more important for defensive-grade formic acid biosynthesis in H. pensylvanicus. This provides the first evidence in Coleoptera and one of a few examples in Insecta of a primary metabolic process being co-opted for defensive chemical biosynthesis. Our results shed light on potential mechanisms of formic acid biosynthesis in the defensive glands of a ground beetle and provide a foundation for further studies into the evolution of formic acid-based chemical defense strategies in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Rork
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Sihang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Athula Attygalle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Tanya Renner
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 ASI Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Demkovich MR, Calla B, Ngumbi E, Higbee BS, Siegel JP, Berenbaum MR. Differential regulation of cytochrome P450 genes associated with biosynthesis and detoxification in bifenthrin-resistant populations of navel orangewom (Amyelois transitella). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245803. [PMID: 33481873 PMCID: PMC7822513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethroid resistance was first reported in 2013 for the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella, but the genetic underpinnings of pyrethroid resistance are unknown. We investigated the role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) belonging to the CYP3 and CYP4 clans using colonies derived from individuals collected in 2016 from almond orchards in two counties. One colony (ALM) originated from an almond orchard in Madera County with no reported pyrethroid resistance and the second colony (R347) originated from the same Kern County orchard where pyrethroid resistance was first reported. We used high-throughput quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses of 65 P450s in the CYP3 and CYP4 clans of A. transitella to identify P450s induced by bifenthrin and associated with pyrethroid resistance. Nine P450s were constitutively overexpressed in R347 compared to ALM, including CYP6AE54 (11.7-fold), belonging to a subfamily associated with metabolic pesticide detoxification in Lepidoptera and CYP4G89 (33-fold) belonging to a subfamily associated with cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) synthesis and resistance via reduced pesticide penetrance. Cuticular hydrocarbons analysis revealed that R347 produced twice as many total CHCs in the egg and adult stages as ALM. Topical toxicity bioassays for R347 determined that egg mortality was reduced at low bifenthrin concentrations and larval mortality was reduced at high concentrations of bifenthrin compared to ALM. Our discovery of both changes in metabolism and production of CHCs for R347 have implications for the possible decreased efficacy of other classes of insecticide used to control this insect. The threat of widespread pyrethroid resistance combined with the potential for cross-resistance to develop through the mechanism of reduced penetrance warrants developing management strategies that facilitate insecticide passage across the cuticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Demkovich
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bernarda Calla
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Esther Ngumbi
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Joel P. Siegel
- USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, California, United States of America
| | - May R. Berenbaum
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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Zhang YC, Gao SS, Xue S, An SH, Zhang KP. Disruption of the cytochrome P450 CYP6BQ7 gene reduces tolerance to plant toxicants in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 172:263-269. [PMID: 33453254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In insects, the cytochrome P450 CYP6B family plays key roles in the detoxification of toxic plant substances. However, the function of CYP6 family genes in degrading plant toxicants in Tribolium castaneum, an extremely destructive global storage pest, have yet to be elucidated. In this study, a T. castaneum CYP gene, TcCYP6BQ7, was characterized. TcCYP6BQ7 expression was significantly induced after exposure to essential oil of the plant Artemisia vulgaris (EOAV). Spatiotemporal expression profiling revealed that TcCYP6BQ7 expression was higher in larval and adult stages of T. castaneum than in other developmental stages, and that TcCYP6BQ7 was predominantly expressed in the brain and hemolymph from the late larval stage. TcCYP6BQ7 silencing by RNA interference increased larvae mortality in response to EOAV from 49.67% to 71.67%, suggesting that this gene is associated with plant toxicant detoxification. Combined results from this study indicate that the CYP6 family gene TcCYP6BQ7 likely plays a pivotal role in influencing the susceptibility of T. castaneum to plant toxicants. These findings may have implications for the development of novel therapeutics to control this agriculturally important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chen Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Huanghe Road 73, Wenfeng District, 455000 Anyang, Henan province, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Jinshui District, 450002 Zhengzhou, Henan province, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Huanghe Road 73, Wenfeng District, 455000 Anyang, Henan province, PR China.
| | - Shuang Xue
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Huanghe Road 73, Wenfeng District, 455000 Anyang, Henan province, PR China
| | - Shi-Heng An
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Jinshui District, 450002 Zhengzhou, Henan province, PR China
| | - Kun-Peng Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Huanghe Road 73, Wenfeng District, 455000 Anyang, Henan province, PR China
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Shi Y, O'Reilly AO, Sun S, Qu Q, Yang Y, Wu Y. Roles of the variable P450 substrate recognition sites SRS1 and SRS6 in esfenvalerate metabolism by CYP6AE subfamily enzymes in Helicoverpa armigera. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 127:103486. [PMID: 33069773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The cotton bollworm P450s of the clustered CYP6AE subfamily share high sequence identities but differ dramatically in their capacity to metabolize xenobiotics, especially esfenvalerate. Among them, CYP6AE17 has the highest sequence identity with CYP6AE18 but shows ~7-fold higher metabolic efficiency. CYP6AE11 is most active towards esfenvalerate but CYP6AE20 is inactive even though the enzymes share 54.8% sequence identity. Sequence analysis revealed the SRS1 (Substrate Recognition Site) and SRS6 between CYP6AE17 and CYP6AE18, and SRS1 between CYP6AE11 and CYP6AE20 are the most variable among all six SRSs. In order to identify the key factors that underlie the observed catalytic difference, we exchanged these SRS sequences between two pairs of P450s and studied the activity of the resulting hybrid mutants or chimeras. In vitro metabolism showed that the CYP6AE17/18 chimeras had 2- and 14-fold decreased activities and the CYP6AE18/17 chimeras had 6- and 10-fold increased activities to esfenvalerate. Meanwhile, after exchanging SRS1 with each other, the CYP6AE11/20 chimera folded incorrectly but the CYP6AE20/11 chimera gained moderate activity to esfenvalerate. Molecular modelling showed that amino acids variants within SRS1 or SRS6 change the shape and chemical environment of the active sites, which may affect the ligand-binding interactions. These results indicate that the protein structure variation resulting from the sequence diversity of SRSs promotes the evolution of insect chemical defense and contributes to the development of insect resistance to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity and College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Andrias O O'Reilly
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Shuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity and College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Qiong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity and College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity and College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yidong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity and College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Harada E, Murata J, Ono E, Toyonaga H, Shiraishi A, Hideshima K, Yamamoto MP, Horikawa M. (+)-Sesamin-oxidising CYP92B14 shapes specialised lignan metabolism in sesame. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1117-1128. [PMID: 32955771 PMCID: PMC7756453 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sesamum spp. (sesame) are known to accumulate a variety of lignans in a lineage-specific manner. In cultivated sesame (Sesamum indicum), (+)-sesamin, (+)-sesamolin and (+)-sesaminol triglucoside are the three major lignans found richly in the seeds. A recent study demonstrated that SiCYP92B14 is a pivotal enzyme that allocates the substrate (+)-sesamin to two products, (+)-sesamolin and (+)-sesaminol, through multiple reaction schemes including oxidative rearrangement of α-oxy-substituted aryl groups (ORA). In contrast, it remains unclear whether (+)-sesamin in wild sesame undergoes oxidation reactions as in S. indicum and how, if at all, the ratio of the co-products is tailored at the molecular level. Here, we functionally characterised SrCYP92B14 as a SiCYP92B14 orthologue from a wild sesame, Sesamum radiatum, in which we revealed accumulation of the (+)-sesaminol derivatives (+)-sesangolin and its novel structural isomer (+)-7´-episesantalin. Intriguingly, SrCYP92B14 predominantly produced (+)-sesaminol either through ORA or direct oxidation on the aromatic ring, while a relatively low but detectable level of (+)-sesamolin was produced. Amino acid substitution analysis suggested that residues in the putative distal helix and the neighbouring heme propionate of CYP92B14 affect the ratios of its co-products. These data collectively show that the bimodal oxidation mechanism of (+)-sesamin might be widespread across Sesamum spp., and that CYP92B14 is likely to be a key enzyme in shaping the ratio of (+)-sesaminol- and (+)-sesamolin-derived lignans from the biochemical and evolutionary perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erisa Harada
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences (SUNBOR)Bioorganic Research Institute8‐1‐1 Seikadai, SeikaSorakuKyoto619‐0284Japan
| | - Jun Murata
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences (SUNBOR)Bioorganic Research Institute8‐1‐1 Seikadai, SeikaSorakuKyoto619‐0284Japan
| | - Eiichiro Ono
- Research InstituteSuntory Global Innovation Center Ltd (SIC)8‐1‐1 Seikadai, SeikaSorakuKyoto619‐0284Japan
| | - Hiromi Toyonaga
- Research InstituteSuntory Global Innovation Center Ltd (SIC)8‐1‐1 Seikadai, SeikaSorakuKyoto619‐0284Japan
| | - Akira Shiraishi
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences (SUNBOR)Bioorganic Research Institute8‐1‐1 Seikadai, SeikaSorakuKyoto619‐0284Japan
| | - Kosuke Hideshima
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringUniversity of Toyama3190 GofukuToyama930‐8555Japan
| | - Masayuki P. Yamamoto
- Faculty of ScienceAcademic AssemblyUniversity of Toyama3190 GofukuToyama930‐8555Japan
| | - Manabu Horikawa
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences (SUNBOR)Bioorganic Research Institute8‐1‐1 Seikadai, SeikaSorakuKyoto619‐0284Japan
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Post-transcriptional modulation of cytochrome P450s, Cyp6g1 and Cyp6g2, by miR-310s cluster is associated with DDT-resistant Drosophila melanogaster strain 91-R. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14394. [PMID: 32873850 PMCID: PMC7463240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of miRNAs in mediating insecticide resistance remains largely unknown, even for the model species Drosophila melanogaster. Building on prior research, this study used microinjection of synthetic miR-310s mimics into DDT-resistant 91-R flies and observed both a significant transcriptional repression of computationally-predicted endogenous target P450 detoxification genes, Cyp6g1 and Cyp6g2, and also a concomitant increase in DDT susceptibility. Additionally, co-transfection of D. melanogaster S2 cells with dual luciferase reporter constructs validated predictions that miR-310s bind to target binding sites in the 3ʹ untranslated regions (3ʹ-UTR) of both Cyp6g1 and Cyp6g2 in vitro. Findings in the current study provide empirical evidence for a link between reduced miRNA expression and an insecticidal resistance phenotype through reduced targeted post-transcriptional suppression of transcripts encoding proteins involved in xenobiotic detoxification. These insights are important for understanding the breadth of adaptive molecular changes that have contributed to the evolution of DDT resistance in D. melanogaster.
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Anholt RRH. Chemosensation and Evolution of Drosophila Host Plant Selection. iScience 2020; 23:100799. [PMID: 31923648 PMCID: PMC6951304 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to respond to chemosensory cues is critical for survival of most organisms. Among insects, Drosophila melanogaster has the best characterized olfactory system, and the availability of genome sequences of 30 Drosophila species provides an ideal scenario for studies on evolution of chemosensation. Gene duplications of chemoreceptor genes allow for functional diversification of the rapidly evolving chemoreceptor repertoire. Although some species of the genus Drosophila are generalists for host plant selection, rapid evolution of olfactory receptors, gustatory receptors, odorant-binding proteins, and cytochrome P450s has enabled diverse host specializations of different members of the genus. Here, I review diversification of the chemoreceptor repertoire among members of the genus Drosophila along with co-evolution of detoxification mechanisms that may have enabled occupation of diverse host plant ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R H Anholt
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA.
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Hafeez M, Qasim M, Ali S, Yousaf HK, Waqas M, Ali E, Ahmad MA, Jan S, Bashir MA, Noman A, Wang M, Gharmh HA, Khan KA. Expression and functional analysis of P450 gene induced tolerance/resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in quercetin fed larvae of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:77-87. [PMID: 31889821 PMCID: PMC6933212 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) is an agronomical important and most devastating polyphagous pest that damages a variety of crops around the globe including China. Quercetin is one of the abundant dietary flavonoids and the important defense allelochemicals in plants. Therefore, the changes in insect detoxification enzymes activities in response to plants allelochemicals may result increased the sensitivity to insecticides. In this study, we examined the induced effect of quercetin on larval tolerance to lambda-cyhalothrin in S. exigua. Application of cytochrome P450 inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO) significantly synergized the lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity in quercetin-fed S. exigua larvae. Moreover, larval weight significantly reduced in quercetin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and quercetin + lambda-cyhalothrin treatment. Furthermore, our results showed that the P450 detoxification enzyme effectively increased in all treatments as compared to the control. Quantitative Real-time PCR analysis revealed that expression level of CYP6AE10 significantly upregulated in larvae treated with quercetin, lambda-cyhalothrin and quercetin + lambda-cyhalothrin in the midgut and fat body respectively. In addition, RNAi mediated knockdown of CYP6AE10 in S. exigua larvae significantly decreased the transcription level of target cytochrome P450 gene followed by the exposure with quercetin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and quercetin + lambda-cyhalothrin. Similarly, the knockdown of CYP6AE10 by the injection of dsRNA led to increased mortality after the treatment with respective chemicals. Overall, these data showed that P450s might possibly play an important role in the metabolic adaptation of S. exigua larvae to its host plant defense allelochemicals as well as insecticides. In conclusion, S. exigua can take benefit from its host plant's secondary metabolites to elaborate its defense against synthetic insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hafeez
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24630, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Kamran Yousaf
- College of Plant Protection Department of Entomology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Ehsan Ali
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Afaq Ahmad
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
| | - Saad Jan
- Department of Agriculture Entomology Section, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24630, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Bashir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mo Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Hamed A. Gharmh
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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Wei P, Li J, Liu X, Nan C, Shi L, Zhang Y, Li C, He L. Functional analysis of four upregulated carboxylesterase genes associated with fenpropathrin resistance in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:252-261. [PMID: 29877064 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxylesterases (CarEs) are important in pesticide resistance. Four overexpressed CarE genes with inducible character were screened out in fenpropathrin-resistant Tetranychus cinnabarinus, but their functional roles remained to be further analyzed by RNAi and protein expression. RESULTS Feeding a single double-stranded (ds)RNA of each of four genes led to gene-specific downregulation of mRNA, decreased esterase activity and diminished resistance in T. cinnabarinus. More interestingly, feeding four dsRNAs simultaneously led to a more significant decrease in enzymatic activity and fold resistance than feeding a single dsRNA individually, suggesting that these CarE genes were involved in fenpropathrin-resistance and had cooperative roles. The gene CarE6 was regarded as the primary and representative candidate to be functionally expressed, because silencing of CarE6 led to the most significant decrease in resistance level. The activity of CarE6 protein was competitively inhibited by fenpropathrin. It could effectively decompose 41.7 ± 0.09% of fenpropathrin within 3 h, proving that CarE6 protein was capable of metabolizing fenpropathrin effectively in T. cinnabarinus. CONCLUSION The results confirm that four CarE genes are cooperatively involved in fenpropathrin resistance and the metabolic enzymes encoded by these overexpressed genes do indeed metabolize acaricide in resistant T. cinnabarinus in the evolution of acaricide resistance. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhang Li
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Nan
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Shi
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yichao Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanzhen Li
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin He
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Schwartz M, Perrot T, Aubert E, Dumarçay S, Favier F, Gérardin P, Morel-Rouhier M, Mulliert G, Saiag F, Didierjean C, Gelhaye E. Molecular recognition of wood polyphenols by phase II detoxification enzymes of the white rot Trametes versicolor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8472. [PMID: 29855494 PMCID: PMC5981210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wood decay fungi have complex detoxification systems that enable them to cope with secondary metabolites produced by plants. Although the number of genes encoding for glutathione transferases is especially expanded in lignolytic fungi, little is known about their target molecules. In this study, by combining biochemical, enzymatic and structural approaches, interactions between polyphenols and six glutathione transferases from the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor have been demonstrated. Two isoforms, named TvGSTO3S and TvGSTO6S have been deeply studied at the structural level. Each isoform shows two distinct ligand-binding sites, a narrow L-site at the dimer interface and a peculiar deep hydrophobic H-site. In TvGSTO3S, the latter appears optimized for aromatic ligand binding such as hydroxybenzophenones. Affinity crystallography revealed that this H-site retains the flavonoid dihydrowogonin from a partially purified wild-cherry extract. Besides, TvGSTO6S binds two molecules of the flavonoid naringenin in the L-site. These data suggest that TvGSTO isoforms could interact with plant polyphenols released during wood degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fanny Saiag
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, IAM, Nancy, France
| | | | - Eric Gelhaye
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, IAM, Nancy, France.
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Kang ZW, Liu FH, Zhang ZF, Tian HG, Liu TX. Volatile β-Ocimene Can Regulate Developmental Performance of Peach Aphid Myzus persicae Through Activation of Defense Responses in Chinese Cabbage Brassica pekinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:708. [PMID: 29892310 PMCID: PMC5985497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms against the attack of pathogens and insect herbivores. Plant volatile-mediated plant-to-plant communication has been assessed in multitrophic systems in different plant species and different pest species. β-ocimene is recognized as an herbivore-induced plant volatile that play an important role in the chemical communication between plants and pests. However, it is still unclear whether β-ocimene can active the defense mechanism of Chinese cabbage Brassica pekinensis against the peach aphid Myzus persicae. In this study, we found that treatment of Chinese cabbage with β-ocimene inhibited the growth of M. persicae in terms of weight gain and reproduction. Moreover, β-ocimene treatment negatively influenced the feeding behavior of M. persicae by shortening the total feeding period and phloem ingestion and increasing the frequency of stylet puncture. When given a choice, winged aphids preferred to settle on healthy Chinese cabbage compared with β-ocimene-treated plants. In addition, performance of the parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis in terms of Y-tube olfaction and landings was better on β-ocimene-treated Chinese cabbage than on healthy plants. Furthermore, β-ocimene significantly increased the expression levels of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid marker genes and the accumulation of glucosinolates. Surprisingly, the transcriptional levels of detoxifying enzymes (CYP6CY3, CYP4, and GST) in aphids reared on β-ocimene-treated Chinese cabbage were significantly higher than those of aphids reared on healthy plants. In summary, our results indicated that β-ocimene can activate the defense response of Chinese cabbage against M. persicae, and that M. persicae can also adjust its detoxifying enzymes machinery to counter the host plant defense reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Hong-Gang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Liu D, Tian K, Yuan Y, Li M, Zheng M, Qiu X. Prokaryotic functional expression and activity comparison of three CYP9A genes from the polyphagous pest Helicoverpa armigera. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 108:77-83. [PMID: 28578718 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs or P450s) have been long recognized as very important enzymes in the metabolism of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds, but only a few CYPs have been functionally characterized in insects. The effort in functional characterization of insect P450s is heavily hindered by technical difficulties in preparing active, individual P450 enzymes directly from the target insect. In this paper, we describe the functional expression of two additional pyrethroid resistance-associated CYP9A genes (CYP9A12 and CYP9A17) from the polyphagous pest Helicoverpa armigera in the facile Escherichia coli. The functionality of E. coli produced CYP9A12, CYP9A14, and CYP9A17 was investigated and activities of these CYP9As were compared against three probe substrates after reconstitution with NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 reductase. The results showed that active forms of CYP9A12 and CYP9A17 were expressed in E. coli with a content of about 1.0-1.5 nmol mg-1 protein in membrane preparations. In vitro assays showed that CYP9A14 was capable of catalyzing O-dealkylation of methoxyresorufin (MROD), ethoxyresorufin (EROD), and benzyloxyresorufin (BROD), while CYP9A12 and CYP9A17 exhibited only MROD and EROD activities. Kinetic studies demonstrated that CYP9A14 had the greatest k cat/K m value for MROD, and CYP9A17 for EROD, while the lowest k cat/K m values for both MROD and EROD were observed for CYP9A12. The distinct biochemical traits suggest that the three paralogous CYP9As may play different roles in xenobiotic metabolism in this important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents,Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
| | - K Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents,Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
| | - Y Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents,Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
| | - M Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents,Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
| | - M Zheng
- College of Science, China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China
| | - X Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents,Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
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Simpson AM, Jeyasingh PD, Belden JB. Assessment of biochemical mechanisms of tolerance to chlorpyrifos in ancient and contemporary Daphnia pulicaria genotypes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 193:122-127. [PMID: 29059598 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of tolerance to environmental contaminants in non-target taxa has been largely studied by comparing extant populations experiencing contrasting exposure. Previous research has demonstrated that "resurrected" genotypes from a population of Daphnia pulicaria express temporal variation in sensitivity to the insecticide chlorpyrifos. Ancient genotypes (1301-1646AD.) were on average more sensitive to this chemical compared to the contemporary genotypes (1967-1977AD.). To determine the physiological mechanisms of tolerance, a series of biochemical assays was performed on three ancient and three contemporary genotypes; these six genotypes exhibited the most sensitive and most tolerant phenotypes within the population, respectively. Metabolic tolerance mechanisms were evaluated using acute toxicity testing, while target-site tolerance was assessed via in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assays. Acute toxicity tests were conducted using i) the toxic metabolite chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPF-oxon) and ii) CPF-oxon co-applied with piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a known Phase-I metabolic inhibitor. Both series of toxicity tests reduced the mean variation in sensitivity between tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Exposure to CPF-O reduced the disparity from a 4.7-fold to 1.6-fold difference in sensitivity. The addition of PBO further reduced the variation to a 1.2-fold difference in sensitivity. In vitro acetylcholinesterase assays yielded no significant differences in constitutive activity or target-site sensitivity. These findings suggest that pathways involving Phase-I detoxification and/or bioactivation of chlorpyrifos play a significant role in dictating the microevolutionary trajectories of tolerance in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Simpson
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, Erie, PA 16563, United States.
| | | | - Jason B Belden
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
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49
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Birnbaum SSL, Rinker DC, Gerardo NM, Abbot P. Transcriptional profile and differential fitness in a specialist milkweed insect across host plants varying in toxicity. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6742-6761. [PMID: 29110382 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and herbivorous insects have been models for theories of specialization and co-evolution for over a century. Phytochemicals govern many aspects of these interactions and have fostered the evolution of adaptations by insects to tolerate or even specialize on plant defensive chemistry. While genomic approaches are providing new insights into the genes and mechanisms insect specialists employ to tolerate plant secondary metabolites, open questions remain about the evolution and conservation of insect counterdefences, how insects respond to the diversity defences mounted by their host plants, and the costs and benefits of resistance and tolerance to plant defences in natural ecological communities. Using a milkweed-specialist aphid (Aphis nerii) model, we test the effects of host plant species with increased toxicity, likely driven primarily by increased secondary metabolites, on aphid life history traits and whole-body gene expression. We show that more toxic plant species have a negative effect on aphid development and lifetime fecundity. When feeding on more toxic host plants with higher levels of secondary metabolites, aphids regulate a narrow, targeted set of genes, including those involved in canonical detoxification processes (e.g., cytochrome P450s, hydrolases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and ABC transporters). These results indicate that A. nerii marshal a variety of metabolic detoxification mechanisms to circumvent milkweed toxicity and facilitate host plant specialization, yet, despite these detoxification mechanisms, aphids experience reduced fitness when feeding on more toxic host plants. Disentangling how specialist insects respond to challenging host plants is a pivotal step in understanding the evolution of specialized diet breadths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David C Rinker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nicole M Gerardo
- Department of Biology, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patrick Abbot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Feng B, Zheng K, Li C, Guo Q, Du Y. A cytochrome P450 gene plays a role in the recognition of sex pheromones in the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:369-382. [PMID: 28390075 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) genes are involved in fundamental physiological functions, and might be also associated with the olfactory recognition of sex pheromones in beetles and moths. A P450 gene, Spodoptera litura CYP4L4 (SlituCYP4L4), was cloned for the first time from the antennae of S. litura. SlituCYP4L4 was almost exclusively expressed in the adult stage and predominantly expressed in the adult antennae. In situ hybridization showed that SlituCYP4L4 localized mainly at the base of the long sensilla trichoidea, which responds to sex pheromone components. Pretreatment with an S. litura sex pheromone significantly reduced the expression levels of SlituCYP4L4, consistent with other genes involved in sex pheromone recognition. The expression level of SlituCYP4L4 was different in moths collected with different ratios of sex pheromone lures and collected in different geographical locations. After gene knockdown of SlituCYP4L4 in the antennae, the electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male and female moths to (9Z,11E)-tetradecadienyl acetate or (9Z,12E)-tetradecadienyl acetate were significantly decreased. In contrast, EAG responses to plant volatiles and sex pheromones of other moth species were not significantly influenced in these moths. SlituCYP4L4 was also expressed in the gustatory tissues and sensilla, which suggests that SlituCYP4L4 may have other functions in the chemosensory system. Our results have shown for the first time the function of a CYP gene with appendage-specific expression in insect sex pheromone recognition, especially in adult moths.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Feng
- Institute of Health and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, China
| | - K Zheng
- Institute of Health and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, China
| | - C Li
- Institute of Health and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, China
| | - Q Guo
- Institute of Health and Environmental Ecology, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, China
| | - Y Du
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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