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Pakkam M, Orscelik A, Musmar B, Tolba H, Ghozy S, Senol YC, Bilgin C, Nayak SS, Kadirvel R, Brinjikji W, Rabinstein AA, Kallmes DF. The impact of pre-stroke metformin use on clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107716. [PMID: 38604350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability globally, with limited treatment options available for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not only widespread but also a known risk factor for stroke. Our meta-analysis aims to assess the influence of pre-stroke metformin use on the clinical outcomes in AIS patients with T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted this study following PRISMA guidelines, searching the following databases: Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to February 29, 2024. All studies providing separate data on AIS patients using metformin were included, and statistical analysis was conducted using R software to pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Out of 1051 studies, 7 met the inclusion criteria for our meta-analysis with a total of 11589 diabetic patients, including 5445 patients taking metformin and 6144 diabetic patients in the non-metformin group. Compared to the non-metformin group, the metformin group had a significantly higher rate of mRS 0-2 score at discharge (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.25:1.95; p=< 0.01) and a lower rate of 90-day mortality (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.42:0.61; p=< 0.01), with no significant difference in sICH (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.47:1.64; p= 0.68) between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis demonstrated that pre-stroke metformin use is associated with higher functional independence and lower mortality in AIS patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madona Pakkam
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.
| | - Atakan Orscelik
- Department of Neurosurergy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.
| | - Basel Musmar
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.
| | - Hatem Tolba
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, United States.
| | - Sherief Ghozy
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.
| | - Yigit Can Senol
- Department of Neurosurergy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.
| | - Cem Bilgin
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.
| | - Sandeep Samethadka Nayak
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States
| | - Ramanathan Kadirvel
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.
| | - Waleed Brinjikji
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.
| | | | - David F Kallmes
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.
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Liu T, Wei H, Zhang L, Ma C, Wei Y, Jiang T, Li W. Metformin attenuates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury and necroptosis through AMPK pathway in type 2 diabetic recipient rats. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:237. [PMID: 38745191 PMCID: PMC11094932 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) can aggravate lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and is a significant risk factor for recipient mortality after lung transplantation. Metformin protects against I/R injury in a variety of organs. However, the effect of metformin on diabetic lung I/R injury remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to observe the effect and mechanism of metformin on lung I/R injury following lung transplantation in type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following six groups: the control + sham group (CS group), the control + I/R group (CIR group), the DM + sham group (DS group), the DM + I/R group (DIR group), the DM + I/R + metformin group (DIRM group) and the DM + I/R + metformin + Compound C group (DIRMC group). Control and diabetic rats underwent the sham operation or left lung transplantation operation. Lung function, alveolar capillary permeability, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, necroptosis and the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio were determined after 24 h of reperfusion. RESULTS Compared with the CIR group, the DIR group exhibited decreased lung function, increased alveolar capillary permeability, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and necroptosis, but decreased the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio. Metformin improved the function of lung grafts, decreased alveolar capillary permeability, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and necroptosis, and increased the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio. In contrast, the protective effects of metformin were abrogated by Compound C. CONCLUSIONS Metformin attenuates lung I/R injury and necroptosis through AMPK pathway in type 2 diabetic lung transplant recipient rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO.246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO.246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Can Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO.246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Yuting Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO.246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO.246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hei Long Jiang Province Key Laboratory of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NO.246, Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
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Loan A, Syal C, Lui M, He L, Wang J. Promising use of metformin in treating neurological disorders: biomarker-guided therapies. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1045-1055. [PMID: 37862207 PMCID: PMC10749596 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a diverse group of conditions that affect the nervous system and include neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease), cerebrovascular conditions (stroke), and neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder). Although they affect millions of individuals around the world, only a limited number of effective treatment options are available today. Since most neurological disorders express mitochondria-related metabolic perturbations, metformin, a biguanide type II antidiabetic drug, has attracted a lot of attention to be repurposed to treat neurological disorders by correcting their perturbed energy metabolism. However, controversial research emerges regarding the beneficial/detrimental effects of metformin on these neurological disorders. Given that most neurological disorders have complex etiology in their pathophysiology and are influenced by various risk factors such as aging, lifestyle, genetics, and environment, it is important to identify perturbed molecular functions that can be targeted by metformin in these neurological disorders. These molecules can then be used as biomarkers to stratify subpopulations of patients who show distinct molecular/pathological properties and can respond to metformin treatment, ultimately developing targeted therapy. In this review, we will discuss mitochondria-related metabolic perturbations and impaired molecular pathways in these neurological disorders and how these can be used as biomarkers to guide metformin-responsive treatment for the targeted therapy to treat neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Loan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Charvi Syal
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Margarita Lui
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Feng Q, Ruan X, Lu M, Bu S, Zhang Y. Metformin protects retinal pigment epithelium cells against H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via the Nrf2 signaling cascade. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:1519-1530. [PMID: 38059999 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysfunctions of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) attributed to oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A debate on the curative role of metformin in AMD has been raised, though several recent clinical studies support the lower odds by using metformin. This study aimed to determine whether metformin could exert cytoprotection against RPE oxidative damages and the potential mechanisms. METHODS A cellular AMD model was established by treating ARPE-19 cells with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 24 h. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, expression of antioxidant enzymes, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were monitored under administrations with H2O2 with/without metformin. The expression and DNA-binding activity of transcription factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined by western blot, immunofluorescence, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Knockout of Nrf2 was conducted by CRISPR/Cas9 gene deletion system. RESULTS Metformin pretreatment significantly improved the H2O2-induced low viability of ARPE-19 cells, reduced ROS production, and increased contents of antioxidative molecules. Concurrently, metformin also suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines caused by H2O2. The metformin-augmented nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity of Nrf2 were further verified by the increased expression of its downstream targets. Genetic deletion of Nrf2 blocked the cytoprotective role of metformin. CONCLUSION Metformin possesses antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in ARPE-19 cells by activating the Nrf2 signaling. It supports the potential use for the control and prevention of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiting Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangcai Ruan
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Lu
- Sanshui Huaxia Eye Hospital, Huaxia Eye Hospital Group, Foshan, China
| | - Shimiao Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Hassan YR, El-Shiekh RA, El Hefnawy HM, Mohamed OG, Abu-Elfotuh K, Hamdan AM, Darwish A, Gowifel AMH, Tripathi A, Michael CG. A mechanistic exploration of the metabolome of African mango seeds and its potential to alleviate cognitive impairment induced by high-fat/high-carbohydrate diets: Involvement of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/CREB, PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2, and AMPK/SIRT-1/mTOR Axes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117747. [PMID: 38218500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill., also known as "African mango" or "bush mango", belonging to family Irvingiaceae, has been mostly used as food and traditional medicine for weight loss and to enhance the health. AIM OF THE STUDY The overconsumption of high-fat and high-carbohydrate (HFHC) food induces oxidative stress, leading to neurological and cognitive dysfunction. Consequently, there is an immediate need for effective treatment. Hence, this study explored the efficacy of orlistat, metformin, and I. gabonensis seeds' total aqueous extract (IG SAE) in addressing HFHC-induced cognitive impairment by mitigating oxidative stress and their underlying mechanistic pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initially, the secondary metabolite profile of IG SAE is determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a mass detector (UHPLC/MS). The in vivo study involves two phases: an established model phase with control (10 rats on a standard diet) and HFHC diet group (50 rats) for 3 months. In the study phase, HFHC is divided into 5 groups. The first subgroup receives HFHC diet only, while the remaining groups each receive HFHC diet with either Orlistat, metformin, or IG SAE at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively, for 28 days. RESULTS More than 150 phytoconstituents were characterized for the first holistic approach onto IG metabolome. Characterization of IG SAE revealed that tannins dominate metabolites in the plant. Total phenolics and flavonoids were estimated to standardize our extract (77.12 ± 7.09 μg Gallic acid equivalent/mg extract and 8.039 ± 0.53 μg Rutin equivalent/mg extract, respectively). Orlistat, metformin, and IG SAE successfully reduced the body weight, blood glucose level, lipid profile, oxidative stress and neurotransmitters levels leading to improved behavioral functions as well as histological alternation. Also, IG SAE halted inflammation, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, together with promoting autophagy, via modulation of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/CREB, PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2 and AMPK/SIRT-1/m-TOR pathways. CONCLUSION Metformin, orlistat, and IG SAE offer a promising multi-target therapy to mitigate HFHC diet-induced oxidative stress, addressing cognitive function. This involves diverse molecular mechanisms, particularly the modulation of inflammation, ER stress, and both PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/CREB and AMPK/SIRT-1/m-TOR pathways. Furthermore, the higher dose of IG SAE demonstrated effects comparable to orlistat and metformin across most studied parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hala M El Hefnawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama G Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karema Abu-Elfotuh
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M Hamdan
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alshaymaa Darwish
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Ayah M H Gowifel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 11571, Egypt.
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Oruc M, Gedik ME, Uner M, Ulug E, Unal RN, Gunaydin G, Dogrul AB. Effectiveness of metformin for the reversal of cold-ischemia-induced damage in hepatosteatosis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102314. [PMID: 38467276 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary dysfunction and rejection are more common in donor liver tissues with steatosis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) assumes organ-protective functions during ischemia. Metformin was used for the activation of AMPK in hepatocytes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of metformin administration for the reversal of cold-ischemia-induced damage in hepatosteatosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven-week-old C7BL56 male-mice (n = 109) were separated into four groups depending on diet type and metformin use. A specific diet model was followed for 10 weeks to induce hepatosteatosis. A group of the animals was administered with metformin for the last four weeks via oral gavage. After resection, the liver tissues were perfused and kept for 0-6-12-24 h in the UW solution. Histopathological examinations were performed, and Western blot was utilized to analyze p-AMPK and AMPK expression levels. RESULTS Hepatosteatosis decreased significantly with metformin. The steatotic liver group had more prominent pericentral inflammation, necrosis as well as showing a decreased and more delayed AMPK response than the non-fat group. All these alterations could be corrected using metformin. CONCLUSION Metformin can increase the resistance of livers with hepatosteatosis to cold-ischemia-induced damage, which in turn may pave the way for successful transplantation of fatty living-donor livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Oruc
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty Of Medicine, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Floor B, 06230, Ankara, Altindag 06230, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Meral Uner
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Elif Ulug
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Nergiz Unal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bulent Dogrul
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty Of Medicine, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Floor B, 06230, Ankara, Altindag 06230, Turkey.
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Oruc A, Oruc KY, Yanar K, Mengi M, Caglar A, Kurt BO, Altan M, Sonmez OF, Cakatay U, Uzun H, Simsek G. The Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in the Zinc-Mediated Neuroprotective Effect of Metformin in Rats with Glutamate Neurotoxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:233-245. [PMID: 37071257 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Metformin has been suggested to have protective effects on the central nervous system, but the mechanism is unknown. The similarity between the effects of metformin and the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β suggests that metformin may inhibit GSK-3β. In addition, zinc is an important element that inhibits GSK-3β by phosphorylation. In this study, we investigated whether the effects of metformin on neuroprotection and neuronal survival were mediated by zinc-dependent inhibition of GSK-3β in rats with glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Forty adult male rats were divided into 5 groups: control, glutamate, metformin + glutamate, zinc deficiency + glutamate, and zinc deficiency + metformin + glutamate. Zinc deficiency was induced with a zinc-poor pellet. Metformin was orally administered for 35 days. D-glutamic acid was intraperitoneally administered on the 35th day. On the 38th day, neurodegeneration was examined histopathologically, and the effects on neuronal protection and survival were evaluated via intracellular S-100β immunohistochemical staining. The findings were examined in relation to nonphosphorylated (active) GSK-3β levels and oxidative stress parameters in brain tissue and blood. Neurodegeneration was increased (p < 0.05) in rats fed a zinc-deficient diet. Active GSK-3β levels were increased in groups with neurodegeneration (p < 0.01). Decreased neurodegeneration, increased neuronal survival (p < 0.01), decreased active GSK-3β (p < 0.01) levels and oxidative stress parameters, and increased antioxidant parameters were observed in groups treated with metformin (p < 0.01). Metformin had fewer protective effects on rats fed a zinc-deficient diet. Metformin may exert neuroprotective effects and increase S-100β-mediated neuronal survival by zinc-dependent inhibition of GSK-3β during glutamate neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Oruc
- Department of Physiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Kadriye Yagmur Oruc
- Department of Physiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Karolin Yanar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Mengi
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Aysel Caglar
- Department of Pathology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Ozturk Kurt
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Altan
- Department of Physiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Fuat Sonmez
- Department of Physiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Cakatay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Uzun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gonul Simsek
- Department of Physiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Salama AM, Elmahy RA, Ibrahim HA, Amer AIM, Eltantawy AF, Elgendy DI. Effects of metformin on parasitological, pathological changes in the brain and liver and immunological aspects during visceral toxocariasis in mice. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:3213-3231. [PMID: 37874393 PMCID: PMC10667394 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
There are currently insufficient anthelmintic medications available for the treatment of toxocariasis. For instance, Albendazole (ABZ) is the preferred medication, but its effectiveness against tissue-dwelling parasites is limited. In addition, Metformin (MTF) is a widely used oral antidiabetic medication that is considered to be safe for treatment. This study aimed to investigate any potential effects of MTF, alone or in combination with ABZ, on mice infections caused by Toxocara canis (T. canis). The efficacy of the treatment was assessed in the acute and chronic phases of the infection by larval recovery and histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies. The results showed that combined therapy significantly reduced larval counts in the liver, brain, and muscles and ameliorated hepatic and brain pathology. It reduced oxidative stress and TGF-β mRNA expression and increased FGF21 levels in the liver. It decreased TNF-α levels and MMP-9 expression in the brain. In addition, it increased serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ and decreased serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10. In the acute and chronic phases of the infection, the combined treatment was more effective than ABZ alone. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential role of MTF as an adjuvant in the treatment of experimental T. canis infection when administered with ABZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M Salama
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Elmahy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa Fawzy Eltantawy
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina I Elgendy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Siddique AHH, Kale PP. Importance of glucose and its metabolism in neurodegenerative disorder, as well as the combination of multiple therapeutic strategies targeting α-synuclein and neuroprotection in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023:S0035-3787(23)01066-4. [PMID: 38040547 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
According to recent findings, Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1 (pgk-1) enzyme is linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the PGK-1 gene lead to decreases in the pgk-1 enzyme which causes an imbalance in the levels of energy demand and supply. An increase in glycolytic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production would help alleviate energy deficiency and sustain the acute energetic need of neurons. Neurodegeneration is caused by an imbalance or reduction in ATP levels. Recent data suggest that medications that increase glycolysis and neuroprotection can be used to treat PD. The current study focuses on treatment options for disorders associated with the pgk-1 enzyme, GLP-1, and A2A receptor which can be utilized to treat PD. A combination of metformin and terazosin, exenatide and meclizine, istradefylline and salbutamol treatments may benefit parkinsonism. The review also looked at potential target-specific new techniques that might assist in satisfying unfulfilled requirements in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H H Siddique
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle west, 400056 Mumbai, India.
| | - P P Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle west, 400056 Mumbai, India.
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Popović DJ, Popović KJ, Miljković D, Popović JK, Lalošević D, Poša M, Dolićanin Z, Čapo I. Diclofenac and metformin synergistic dose dependent inhibition of hamster fibrosarcoma, rescued with mebendazole. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115528. [PMID: 37738800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined whether combinig diclofenac and metformin in doses equivalent to human doses would synergize their anticancer activity on fibrosarcoma inoculated to hamsters and in vitro. Rescue experiment was performed to examine whether the prosurvival NF-κB stimulation by mebendazole can reverse anticancer effects of the treatment. BHK-21/C13 cell culture was subcutaneously inoculated to Syrian golden hamsters randomly divided into groups (6 animals per group): 1) untreated control; treated daily with 2) diclofenac; 3) metformin; 4) combinations of diclofenac and metformin at various doses; 5) combination of diclofenac, metformin and mebendazole; 6) mebendazole. Dose response curves were made for diclofenac and metformin combination. Tumor growth kinetics, biophysical, pathological, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of excised tumors and hamster organs as well as biochemical and hematological blood tests were compared among the groups. Single treatments had no anticancer effects. Diclofenac (60 mg/kg/day) exhibited significant (P < 0.05) synergistic inhibitory effect with metformin (500 mg/kg/day) on all tumor growth parameters, without toxicity and influence on biochemical and hematological blood tests. The same results were obtained with double doses of diclofenac and metformin combination. The addition of mebendazole to the diclofenac and metformin combination rescued tumor expansion. Furthermore, diclofenac with metformin demonstrated antiproliferative effects in hamster fibrosarcoma BHK-21/C13, human lung carcinoma A549 (CCL-185), colon carcinoma HT-29 (HTB-38) and cervical carcinoma HeLa (CCL-2) cell cultures, with markedly lower cytotoxicity in the normal fetal lung MRC-5 cells. In conclusion, diclofenac and metformin combination may be recommended for potential use in oncology, due to synergistic anticancer effect in doses achievable in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušica J Popović
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Kosta J Popović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dejan Miljković
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovan K Popović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; Academy of Medical Sciences of the Serbian Medical Society, 19 George Washington str.,11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dušan Lalošević
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mihalj Poša
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zana Dolićanin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300 Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Ivan Čapo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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11
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Xie X, Wang F, Ge W, Meng X, Fan L, Zhang W, Wang Z, Ding M, Gu S, Xing X, Sun X. Scutellarin attenuates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175979. [PMID: 37611841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) seriously threatens human life and health. Scutellarin (Scu) exhibits neuroprotective effects, but little is known about its underlying mechanism. Therefore, we explored its protective effect on CIRI and the underlying mechanism. Our results demonstrated that Scu rescued HT22 cells from cytotoxicity induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Scu also showed antioxidant activity by promoting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, upregulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in vitro. Additionally, Scu reduced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity and the levels of pro-inflammatory factors. Interestingly, these effects were abolished by Nrf2 inhibition. Furthermore, Scu reduced infarct volume and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, improved sensorimotor functions and depressive behaviors, and alleviated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Mechanistically, Scu-induced Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and inactivation of NF-κB were accompanied by an enhanced level of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) both in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacologically inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway blocked Scu-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and inactivation of NF-κB, as well as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In summary, these results suggest that Scu exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in CIRI through Nrf2 activation mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueheng Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenxiu Ge
- Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- Kunming Longjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650503, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Kunming Longjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650503, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Shengliang Gu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xing
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.
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12
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Mapuskar KA, Pulliam CF, Zepeda-Orozco D, Griffin BR, Furqan M, Spitz DR, Allen BG. Redox Regulation of Nrf2 in Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1728. [PMID: 37760031 PMCID: PMC10525889 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, a potent chemotherapeutic agent, is marred by severe nephrotoxicity that is governed by mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways. The transcription factor Nrf2, pivotal in cellular defense against oxidative stress and inflammation, is the master regulator of the antioxidant response, upregulating antioxidants and cytoprotective genes under oxidative stress. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced kidney injury, focusing on the role of Nrf2 in cancer therapy and its redox regulation in cisplatin-induced kidney injury. We also explore Nrf2's signaling pathways, post-translational modifications, and its involvement in autophagy, as well as examine redox-based strategies for modulating Nrf2 in cisplatin-induced kidney injury while considering the limitations and potential off-target effects of Nrf2 modulation. Understanding the redox regulation of Nrf2 in cisplatin-induced kidney injury holds significant promise for developing novel therapeutic interventions. This knowledge could provide valuable insights into potential strategies for mitigating the nephrotoxicity associated with cisplatin, ultimately enhancing the safety and efficacy of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranti A. Mapuskar
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Casey F. Pulliam
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Diana Zepeda-Orozco
- Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Griffin
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Muhammad Furqan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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13
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Sohail S, Shah FA, Zaman SU, Almari AH, Malik I, Khan SA, Alamro AA, Zeb A, Din FU. Melatonin delivered in solid lipid nanoparticles ameliorated its neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19779. [PMID: 37809765 PMCID: PMC10559112 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study explores the potential of melatonin (MLT)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (MLT-SLNs) for better neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke. MLT-SLNs were prepared using lipid matrix of palmityl alcohol with a mixture of surfactants (Tween 40, Span 40, Myrj 52) for stabilizing the lipid matrix. MLT-SLNs were tested for physical and chemical properties, thermal and polymorphic changes, in vitro drug release and in vivo neuroprotective studies in rats using permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (p-MCAO) model. The optimized MLT-SLNs showed particle size of ∼159 nm, zeta potential of -29.6 mV and high entrapment efficiency ∼92%. Thermal and polymorphic studies showed conversion of crystalline MLT to amorphous form after its entrapment in lipid matrix. MLT-SLNs displayed a sustained release pattern compared to MLT dispersion. MLT-SLNs significantly enhanced the neuroprotective profile of MLT ascertained by reduced brain infarction, recovered behavioral responses, low expression of inflammatory markers and improved oxidation protection in rats. MLT-SLNs also showed reduced hepatotoxicity compared to p-MCAO. From these outcomes, it is evidenced that MLT-SLNs have improved neuroprotection as compared to MLT dispersion and thereby present a promising approach to deliver MLT to the brain for better therapeutic outcomes in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Sohail
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahiq uz Zaman
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali H. Almari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Malik
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saifoor Ahmad Khan
- Department of Community Medicine, Nowshera Medical College, Nowshera, Pakistan
| | - Abir Abdullah Alamro
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar ud Din
- Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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14
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Rahman SO, Khan T, Iqubal A, Agarwal S, Akhtar M, Parvez S, Shah ZA, Najmi AK. Association between insulin and Nrf2 signalling pathway in Alzheimer's disease: A molecular landscape. Life Sci 2023:121899. [PMID: 37394097 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, a well-known hormone, has been implicated as a regulator of blood glucose levels for almost a century now. Over the past few decades, the non-glycemic actions of insulin i.e. neuronal growth and proliferation have been extensively studied. In 2005, Dr. Suzanne de La Monte and her team reported that insulin might be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and thus coined a term "Type-3 diabetes" This hypothesis was supported by several subsequent studies. The nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2 (Nrf2) triggers a cascade of events under the regulation of distinct mechanisms including protein stability, phosphorylation and nuclear cytoplasmic shuttling, finally leading to the protection against oxidative damage. The Nrf2 pathway has been investigated extensively in relevance to neurodegenerative disorders, particularly AD. Many studies have indicated a strong correlation between insulin and Nrf2 signalling pathways both in the periphery and the brainbut merely few of them have focused on elucidating their inter-connective role in AD. The present review emphasizes key molecular pathways that correlate the role of insulin with Nrf2 during AD. The review has also identified key unexplored areas that could be investigated in future to further establish the insulin and Nrf2 influence in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Tahira Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shivani Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Neurobehavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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15
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Sivandzade F, Alqahtani F, Dhaibar H, Cruz-Topete D, Cucullo L. Antidiabetic Drugs Can Reduce the Harmful Impact of Chronic Smoking on Post-Traumatic Brain Injuries. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6219. [PMID: 37047198 PMCID: PMC10093862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a primary cause of cerebrovascular and neurological disorders worldwide. The current scientific researchers believe that premorbid conditions such as tobacco smoking (TS) can exacerbate post-TBI brain injury and negatively affect recovery. This is related to vascular endothelial dysfunction resulting from the exposure to TS-released reactive oxygen species (ROS), nicotine, and oxidative stress (OS) stimuli impacting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelium. Interestingly, these pathogenic modulators of BBB impairment are similar to those associated with hyperglycemia. Antidiabetic drugs such as metformin (MF) and rosiglitazone (RSG) were shown to prevent/reduce BBB damage promoted by chronic TS exposure. Thus, using in vivo approaches, we evaluated the effectiveness of post-TBI treatment with MF or RSG to reduce the TS-enhancement of BBB damage and brain injury after TBI. For this purpose, we employed an in vivo weight-drop TBI model using male C57BL/6J mice chronically exposed to TS with and without post-traumatic treatment with MF or RSG. Our results revealed that these antidiabetic drugs counteracted TS-promoted downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression and concomitantly dampened TS-enhanced OS, inflammation, and loss of BBB integrity following TBI. In conclusion, our findings suggest that MF and RSG could reduce the harmful impact of chronic smoking on post-traumatic brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Sivandzade
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hemangini Dhaibar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Diana Cruz-Topete
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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16
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Park YH, Park HP, Kim E, Lee H, Hwang JW, Jeon YT, Lim YJ. The antioxidant effect of preischemic dexmedetomidine in a rat model: increased expression of Nrf2/HO-1 via the PKC pathway. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY (ELSEVIER) 2023; 73:177-185. [PMID: 34560114 PMCID: PMC10068566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise underlying mechanism of antioxidant effects of dexmedetomidine-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia has not yet been fully elucidated. Activation of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) represents a major antioxidant-defense mechanism. Therefore, we determined whether dexmedetomidine increases Nrf2/HO-1 expression after global transient cerebral ischemia and assessed the involvement of Protein Kinase C (PKC) in the dexmedetomidine-related antioxidant mechanism. METHODS Thirty-eight rats were randomly assigned to five groups: sham (n...=...6), ischemic (n...=...8), chelerythrine (a PKC inhibitor; 5...mg.kg-1 IV administered 30...min before cerebral ischemia) (n...=...8), dexmedetomidine (100.....g.kg-1 IP administered 30...min before cerebral ischemia (n...=...8), and dexmedetomidine...+...chelerythrine (n...=...8). Global transient cerebral ischemia (10...min) was applied in all groups, except the sham group; histopathologic changes and levels of nuclear Nrf2 and cytoplasmic HO-1 were examined 24...hours after ischemia insult. RESULTS We found fewer necrotic and apoptotic cells in the dexmedetomidine group relative to the ischemic group (p...<...0.01) and significantly higher Nrf2 and HO-1 levels in the dexmedetomidine group than in the ischemic group (p...<...0.01). Additionally, chelerythrine co-administration with dexmedetomidine attenuated the dexmedetomidine-induced increases in Nrf2 and HO-1 levels (p...<...0.05 and p...<...0.01, respectively) and diminished its beneficial neuroprotective effects. CONCLUSION Preischemic dexmedetomidine administration elicited neuroprotection against global transient cerebral ischemia in rats by increasing Nrf2/HO-1 expression partly via PKC signaling, suggesting that this is the antioxidant mechanism underlying dexmedetomidine-mediated neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hee Park
- Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Pyoung Park
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eugene Kim
- Hanyang University Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hannah Lee
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Won Hwang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young-Tae Jeon
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Lim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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17
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Jian Y, Wang H, Zhao L, Li T, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Dang M, Lu Z, Lu J, Feng Y, Yang Y, Zhang G. Metformin treatment and acute ischemic stroke outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:989-997. [PMID: 36445542 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Preclinical studies have shown that metformin has neuroprotective actions in stroke. However, the optimal treatment timing and duration remain unknown. Herein, we examined the efficacy of metformin treatment on prognosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, and assessed the optimal treatment timing and duration. METHODS AIS patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were grouped into those who never received metformin (MET - group), those who received metformin continuously before stroke and after admission (pre-stroke + /post-stroke + group), those who only received metformin before stroke onset (pre-stroke + /post-stroke - group), and those who only received metformin after admission (pre-stroke - /post-stroke + group). The all MET + group represents the sum of the three metformin treatment groups. The efficacy outcome was the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. RESULTS In total, 309 eligible patients were included (MET - [N = 130], pre-stroke + /post-stroke + [N = 94], pre-stroke + /post-stroke - [N = 30], pre-stroke - /post-stroke + [N = 55]; all MET + [N = 179]). The all MET + group had a trend toward a lower 90-day mRS score compared with that in the MET - group (1 [0-2] vs 1 [0-3], unadjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.652, P = 0.041; adjusted OR = 0.752, P = 0.218). In the three metformin treatment groups, only the pre-stroke + /post-stroke + group had a significantly lower 90-day mRS score (1 [0-1] vs 1 [0-3], adjusted OR = 0.497, 95%CI = 0.289-0.854; P = 0.011) and higher proportion of mRS score 0-1 (78.7% vs. 61.5%, adjusted OR = 2.278, 95%CI = 1.108-4.680; P = 0.025) than the MET - group. CONCLUSION AIS patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who receive continuous metformin treatment before stroke onset and after admission have improved functional outcome at 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Jian
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwulu Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Heying Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwulu Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwulu Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwulu Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwulu Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwulu Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Yiheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwulu Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwulu Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Meijuan Dang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwulu Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Ziwei Lu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwulu Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Jialiang Lu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwulu Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Yuxuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwulu Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwulu Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Guilian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwulu Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
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Hydralazine Revives Cellular and Ocular Lens Health-Span by Ameliorating the Aging and Oxidative-Dependent Loss of the Nrf2-Activated Cellular Stress Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010140. [PMID: 36671002 PMCID: PMC9854670 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A major hallmark of aging-associated diseases is the inability to evoke cellular defense responses. Transcriptional protein Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor) plays a pivotal role in the oxidative stress response, cellular homeostasis, and health span. Nrf2's activation has been identified as a therapeutic target to restore antioxidant defense in aging. Here, we demonstrated that FDA-approved drug, hydralazine (Hyd), was a reactivator of the Nrf2/ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway in various ages and types of mouse (m) or human (h) lens epithelial cells (LECs) and mice lenses in-vitro/in-vivo. This led to Hyd-driven abatement of carbonyls, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduced 4-HNE/MDA-adducts with cytoprotection, and extended lens healthspan by delaying/preventing lens opacity against aging/oxidative stress. We elucidated that Hyd activated the protective signaling by inducing Nrf2 to traverse from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and potentiated the ARE response by direct interaction of Nrf2 and ARE sequences of the promoter. Loss-of-function study and cotreatment of Hyd and antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or Peroxiredoxin (Prdx)6, specified that Nrf2/ARE-driven increase in the promoter activity was Hyd-dependent. Our study provides proof-of concept evidence and, thereby, paves the way to repurposing Hyd as a therapeutic agent to delay/prevent aging and oxidative-related disorders.
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Beresewicz-Haller M. Hippocampal region-specific endogenous neuroprotection as an approach in the search for new neuroprotective strategies in ischemic stroke. Fiction or fact? Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105455. [PMID: 36410452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide, and, while considerable progress has been made in understanding its pathophysiology, the lack of effective treatments remains a major concern. In that context, receiving more and more consideration as a promising therapeutic method is the activation of natural adaptive mechanisms (endogenous neuroprotection) - an approach that seeks to enhance and/or stimulate the endogenous processes of plasticity and protection of the neuronal system that trigger the brain's intrinsic capacity for self-defence. Ischemic preconditioning is a classic example of endogenous neuroprotection, being the process by which one or more brief, non-damaging episodes of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induce tissue resistance to subsequent prolonged, damaging ischemia. Another less-known example is resistance to an I/R episode mounted by the hippocampal region consisting of CA2, CA3, CA4 and the dentate gyrus (here abbreviated to CA2-4, DG). This can be contrasted with the ischemia-vulnerable CA1 region. There is not yet a good understanding of these different sensitivities of the hippocampal regions, and hence of the endogenous neuroprotection characteristic of CA2-4, DG. However, this region is widely reported to have properties distinct from CA1, and capable of generating resistance to an I/R episode. These include activation of neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors, greater activation of anti-excitotoxic and anti-oxidant mechanisms, increased plasticity potential, a greater energy reserve and improved mitochondrial function. This review seeks to summarize properties of CA2-4, DG in the context of endogenous neuroprotection, and then to assess the potential utility of these properties to therapeutic approaches. In so doing, it appears to represent the first such addressing of the issue of ischemia resistance attributable to CA2-4, DG.
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Burgos DF, Machío-Castello M, Iglesias-Cabeza N, Giráldez BG, González-Fernández J, Sánchez-Martín G, Sánchez MP, Serratosa JM. Early Treatment with Metformin Improves Neurological Outcomes in Lafora Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:230-244. [PMID: 36303102 PMCID: PMC10119355 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lafora disease is a fatal form of progressive myoclonic epilepsy caused by mutations in the EPM2A or NHLRC1/EPM2B genes that usually appears during adolescence. The Epm2a-/- and Epm2b-/- knock-out mouse models of the disease develop behavioral and neurological alterations similar to those observed in patients. The aim of this work is to analyze whether early treatment with metformin (from conception to adulthood) ameliorates the formation of Lafora bodies and improves the behavioral and neurological outcomes observed with late treatment (during 2 months at 10 months of age). We also evaluated the benefits of metformin in patients with Lafora disease. To assess neurological improvements due to metformin administration in the two mouse models, we evaluated the effects on pentylenetetrazol sensitivity, posturing, motor coordination and activity, and memory. We also analyzed the effects on Lafora bodies, neurodegeneration, and astrogliosis. Furthermore, we conducted a follow-up study of an initial cohort of 18 patients with Lafora disease, 8 treated with metformin and 10 untreated. Our results indicate that early metformin was more effective than late metformin in Lafora disease mouse models improving neurological alterations of both models such as neuronal hyperexcitability, motor and memory alterations, neurodegeneration, and astrogliosis and decreasing the formation of Lafora bodies. Moreover, patients receiving metformin had a slower progression of the disease. Overall, early treatment improves the outcome seen with late metformin treatment in the two knock-out mouse models of Lafora disease. Metformin-treated patients exhibited an ameliorated course of the disease with slower deterioration of their daily living activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Burgos
- Laboratory of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma de Madrid University (IIS-FJD, UAM), Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autonoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Machío-Castello
- Laboratory of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma de Madrid University (IIS-FJD, UAM), Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Iglesias-Cabeza
- Laboratory of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma de Madrid University (IIS-FJD, UAM), Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G Giráldez
- Laboratory of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma de Madrid University (IIS-FJD, UAM), Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan González-Fernández
- Laboratory of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma de Madrid University (IIS-FJD, UAM), Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Complutense de Madrid University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Sánchez-Martín
- Laboratory of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma de Madrid University (IIS-FJD, UAM), Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina P Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma de Madrid University (IIS-FJD, UAM), Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Serratosa
- Laboratory of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma de Madrid University (IIS-FJD, UAM), Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Is Nrf2 Behind Endogenous Neuroprotection of the Hippocampal CA2-4,DG Region? Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1645-1658. [PMID: 36547847 PMCID: PMC9899192 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the master regulator of genes known to be involved in antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory processes, metabolic regulation, and other cellular functions. Here, we also hypothesize a core role for it in endogenous neuroprotection, i.e., the natural adaptive mechanisms protecting the brain from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) episode. An example of endogenous neuroprotection is ischemia-resistance of the hippocampal regions comprising the CA2, CA3, CA4 and dentate gyrus subfields (here abbreviated to CA2-4,DG) which can be contrasted with the ischemia-vulnerable CA1 region. In the work detailed here, we used a gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia to examined Nrf2 activation in CA1 and CA2-4,DG, in a control group, and post I/R episode. Data obtained indicate enhanced Nrf2 activity in CA2-4,DG as compared with CA1 in the control, with this difference seen to persist even after I/R. While I/R does indeed cause further activation of Nrf2 in CA2-4,DG, it is associated with slight and transient activation in CA1. Sub-regional differences in Nrf2 activity correlate with immunoreactivity of Keap1 (an Nrf2 suppressor) and Nrf2 target proteins, including heme oxygenase 1, the catalytic and modulatory sub-units of glutamate-cysteine ligase, and glutathione peroxidase 1. Pharmacological Nrf2 activation by sulforaphane results in protection of CA1 after I/R episode. Our results therefore suggest that high Nrf2 activity in CA2-4,DG may guarantee resistance of this region to I/R, potentially explaining the differential sensitivities of the hippocampal regions.
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Dall'Agnese A, Platt JM, Zheng MM, Friesen M, Dall'Agnese G, Blaise AM, Spinelli JB, Henninger JE, Tevonian EN, Hannett NM, Lazaris C, Drescher HK, Bartsch LM, Kilgore HR, Jaenisch R, Griffith LG, Cisse II, Jeppesen JF, Lee TI, Young RA. The dynamic clustering of insulin receptor underlies its signaling and is disrupted in insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7522. [PMID: 36473871 PMCID: PMC9727033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor (IR) signaling is central to normal metabolic control and is dysregulated in metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. We report here that IR is incorporated into dynamic clusters at the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of human hepatocytes and adipocytes. Insulin stimulation promotes further incorporation of IR into these dynamic clusters in insulin-sensitive cells but not in insulin-resistant cells, where both IR accumulation and dynamic behavior are reduced. Treatment of insulin-resistant cells with metformin, a first-line drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, can rescue IR accumulation and the dynamic behavior of these clusters. This rescue is associated with metformin's role in reducing reactive oxygen species that interfere with normal dynamics. These results indicate that changes in the physico-mechanical features of IR clusters contribute to insulin resistance and have implications for improved therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesse M Platt
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ming M Zheng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Max Friesen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Giuseppe Dall'Agnese
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, 33100, Italy
| | - Alyssa M Blaise
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Erin N Tevonian
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nancy M Hannett
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Hannah K Drescher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lea M Bartsch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Henry R Kilgore
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Rudolf Jaenisch
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ibrahim I Cisse
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jacob F Jeppesen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tong I Lee
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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nikbakht A, kargar_soleimanabad S, Siahposht-Khachaki A, Farzin D. The effect of Riluzole on neurological outcomes, blood-brain barrier, brain water and neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. BRAIN DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2022.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Nrf2 Regulates Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122377. [PMID: 36552584 PMCID: PMC9774301 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is characterized by acute ischemia in a certain part of the brain, which leads to brain cells necrosis, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, etc. At present, there are limited effective clinical treatments for cerebral ischemic stroke, and the recovery of cerebral blood circulation will lead to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Cerebral ischemic stroke involves many pathological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as one of the most critical antioxidant transcription factors in cells, can coordinate various cytoprotective factors to inhibit oxidative stress. Targeting Nrf2 is considered as a potential strategy to prevent and treat cerebral ischemia injury. During cerebral ischemia, Nrf2 participates in signaling pathways such as Keap1, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, NF-κB, and HO-1, and then alleviates cerebral ischemia injury or CIRI by inhibiting oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, protecting the blood-brain barrier, and inhibiting ferroptosis. In this review, we have discussed the structure of Nrf2, the mechanisms of Nrf2 in cerebral ischemic stroke, the related research on the treatment of cerebral ischemia through the Nrf2 signaling pathway in recent years, and expounded the important role and future potential of the Nrf2 pathway in cerebral ischemic stroke.
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25
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Elizalde-Velázquez GA, Gómez-Oliván LM, García-Medina S, Rosales-Pérez KE, Orozco-Hernández JM, Islas-Flores H, Galar-Martínez M, Hernández-Navarro MD. Chronic exposure to realistic concentrations of metformin prompts a neurotoxic response in Danio rerio adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157888. [PMID: 35952892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metformin (MET) is among the most consumed drugs around the world, and thus, it is considered the uppermost drug in mass discharged into water settings. Nonetheless, data about the deleterious consequences of MET on water organisms are still scarce and require further investigation. Herein, we aimed to establish whether or not chronic exposure to MET (1, 20, and 40 μg/L) may alter the swimming behavior and induce neurotoxicity in Danio rerio adults. After 4 months of exposure, MET-exposed fish exhibited less swimming activity when compared to control fish. Moreover, compared with the control group, MET significantly inhibited the activity of AChE and induced oxidative damage in the brain of fish. Concerning gene expression, MET significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf1, Nrf2, BAX, p53, BACE1, APP, PSEN1, and downregulated CASP3 and CASP9. Although MET did not overexpress the CASP3 gene, we saw a meaningful rise in the activity of this enzyme in the blood of fish exposed to MET compared to the control group, which we then confirmed by a high number of apoptotic cells in the TUNEL assay. Our findings demonstrate that chronic exposure to MET may impair fish swimming behavior, making them more vulnerable to predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México CP 07700, Mexico
| | - Karina Elisa Rosales-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Orozco-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México CP 07700, Mexico
| | - María Dolores Hernández-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
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Bale BF, Doneen AL, Leimgruber PP, Vigerust DJ. The critical issue linking lipids and inflammation: Clinical utility of stopping oxidative stress. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1042729. [PMID: 36439997 PMCID: PMC9682196 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1042729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of an atheroma begins when lipoproteins become trapped in the intima. Entrapped lipoproteins become oxidized and activate the innate immune system. This immunity represents the primary association between lipids and inflammation. When the trapping continues, the link between lipids and inflammation becomes chronic and detrimental, resulting in atherosclerosis. When entrapment ceases, the association between lipids and inflammation is temporary and healthy, and the atherogenic process halts. Therefore, the link between lipids and inflammation depends upon lipoprotein retention in the intima. The entrapment is due to electrostatic forces uniting apolipoprotein B to polysaccharide chains on intimal proteoglycans. The genetic transformation of contractile smooth muscle cells in the media into migratory secretory smooth muscle cells produces the intimal proteoglycans. The protein, platelet-derived growth factor produced by activated platelets, is the primary stimulus for this genetic change. Oxidative stress is the main stimulus to activate platelets. Therefore, minimizing oxidative stress would significantly reduce the retention of lipoproteins. Less entrapment decreases the association between lipids and inflammation. More importantly, it would halt atherogenesis. This review will analyze oxidative stress as the critical link between lipids, inflammation, and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Through this perspective, we will discuss stopping oxidative stress to disrupt a harmful association between lipids and inflammation. Numerous therapeutic options will be discussed to mitigate oxidative stress. This paper will add a new meaning to the Morse code distress signal SOS-stopping oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Field Bale
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Amy Lynn Doneen
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Pierre P. Leimgruber
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University College of Medicine, Spokane, WA, United States
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David John Vigerust
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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Goel S, Singh R, Singh V, Singh H, Kumari P, Chopra H, Sharma R, Nepovimova E, Valis M, Kuca K, Emran TB. Metformin: Activation of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase and its emerging potential beyond anti-hyperglycemic action. Front Genet 2022; 13:1022739. [PMID: 36386794 PMCID: PMC9659887 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1022739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a plant-based drug belonging to the class of biguanides and is known to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The drug, combined with controlling blood glucose levels, improves the body’s response to insulin. In addition, trials have identified the cardioprotective potential of metformin in the diabetic population receiving the drug. Activation of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the major pathway for these potential beneficial effects of metformin. Historically, much emphasis has been placed on the potential indications of metformin beyond its anti-diabetic use. This review aims to appraise other potential uses of metformin primarily mediated by the activation of AMPK. We also discuss various mechanisms, other than AMPK activation, by which metformin could produce beneficial effects for different conditions. Databases including PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were searched for literature relevant to the review’s objective. Reports from both research and review articles were considered. We found that metformin has diverse effects on the human body systems. It has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective, metabolic, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial effects and has now even been identified as effective against SARS-CoV-2. Above all, the AMPK pathway has been recognized as responsible for metformin’s efficiency and effectiveness. Owing to its extensive potential, it has the capability to become a part of treatment regimens for diseases apart from T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Goel
- Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
- *Correspondence: Ravinder Singh, ; Talha Bin Emran,
| | - Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Harmanjit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pratima Kumari
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- Neurology Clinic, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Ravinder Singh, ; Talha Bin Emran,
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Chhunchha B, Kubo E, Singh DP. Obligatory Role of AMPK Activation and Antioxidant Defense Pathway in the Regulatory Effects of Metformin on Cellular Protection and Prevention of Lens Opacity. Cells 2022; 11:3021. [PMID: 36230981 PMCID: PMC9563310 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing levels of oxidative-stress due to deterioration of the Nrf2 (NFE2-related factor)/ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway is found to be a primary cause of aging pathobiology. Metformin having anti-aging effects can delay/halt aging-related diseases. Herein, using lens epithelial cell lines (LECs) of human (h) or mouse (m) and aging h/m primary LECs along with lenses as model systems, we demonstrated that Metformin could correct deteriorated Bmal1/Nrf2/ARE pathway by reviving AMPK-activation, and transcriptional activities of Bmal1/Nrf2, resulting in increased antioxidants enzymatic activity and expression of Phase II enzymes. This ensued reactive oxygen species (ROS) mitigation with cytoprotection and prevention of lens opacity in response to aging/oxidative stress. It was intriguing to observe that Metformin internalized lens/LECs and upregulated OCTs (Organic Cation Transporters). Mechanistically, we found that Metformin evoked AMPK activation-dependent increase of Bmal1, Nrf2, and antioxidants transcription by promoting direct E-Box and ARE binding of Bmal1 and Nrf2 to the promoters. Loss-of-function and disruption of E-Box/ARE identified that Metformin acted by increasing Bmal1/Nrf2-mediated antioxidant expression. Data showed that AMPK-activation was a requisite for Bmal1/Nrf2-antioxidants-mediated defense, as pharmacologically inactivating AMPK impeded the Metformin's effect. Collectively, the results for the first-time shed light on the hitherto incompletely uncovered crosstalk between the AMPK and Bmal1/Nrf2/antioxidants mediated by Metformin for blunting oxidative/aging-linked pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Xu L, Wang W, Song W. A combination of metformin and insulin improve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 191:110073. [PMID: 36075464 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to further clarify whether the addition of metformin to insulin treatment improve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors in individuals with T1DM. METHODS Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials in which the efficacy and safety of metformin were compared with those of a placebo for risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease among individuals with T1DM, and a meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS Thirteen cardiovascular studies were identified. In the metformin group, mean carotid intimal media thickness was significantly reduced by 0.03 mm, ascending aortic pulse wave velocity by 6.3 m/s, descending aortic wall shear stress by 1.77 dyn/cm2 (P = 0.02), insulin daily dose by 0.05 U/kg/d, body weight by 2.27 kg, fat-free mass by 1.32 kg, body mass index by 0.58 kg/m2, hip circumference by 0.29 m, and low-density lipoprotein by 0.16 mmol/L, all above are P < 0.05. In the metformin group, flow-mediated dilation was increased by 1.29 %, glucose infusion rate/insulin by 18.22 mg/(kg⋅min)/μIU/μL, and waist-to-hip ratio by 0.02, all above are P < 0.00001. The metformin group showed no differences in blood pressure, reactive hyperemia index, waist circumference, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or body mass index Z score. For cerebrovascular studies were identified. But none of them had a risk factor assessment. CONCLUSIONS Metformin can ameliorate cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors through non-hypoglycemic multiple pathways in individuals with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xu
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Song
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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30
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Bayo Jimenez MT, Frenis K, Hahad O, Steven S, Cohen G, Cuadrado A, Münzel T, Daiber A. Protective actions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and downstream pathways against environmental stressors. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 187:72-91. [PMID: 35613665 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environmental risk factors, including noise, air pollution, chemical agents, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and mental stress have a considerable impact on human health. Oxidative stress and inflammation are key players in molecular pathomechanisms of environmental pollution and risk factors. In this review, we delineate the impact of environmental risk factors and the protective actions of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in connection to oxidative stress and inflammation. We focus on well-established studies that demonstrate the protective actions of NRF2 and its downstream pathways against different environmental stressors. State-of-the-art mechanistic considerations on NRF2 signaling are discussed in detail, e.g. classical concepts like KEAP1 oxidation/electrophilic modification, NRF2 ubiquitination and degradation. Specific focus is also laid on NRF2-dependent heme oxygenase-1 induction with detailed presentation of the protective down-stream pathways of heme oxygenase-1, including interaction with BACH1 system. The significant impact of all environmental stressors on the circadian rhythm and the interactions of NRF2 with the circadian clock will also be considered here. A broad range of NRF2 activators is discussed in relation to environmental stressor-induced health side effects, thereby suggesting promising new mitigation strategies (e.g. by nutraceuticals) to fight the negative effects of the environment on our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Bayo Jimenez
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Leibniz Insitute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada, 86910, Israel; Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Eilat, 8855630, Israel
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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31
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Shen Z, Xiang M, Chen C, Ding F, Wang Y, Shang C, Xin L, Zhang Y, Cui X. Glutamate excitotoxicity: Potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113125. [PMID: 35609367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is an important mechanism leading to post ischemic stroke damage. After acute stroke, the sudden reduction in cerebral blood flow is most initially followed by ion transport protein dysfunction and disruption of ion homeostasis, which in turn leads to impaired glutamate release, reuptake, and excessive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation, promoting neuronal death. Despite extensive evidence from preclinical studies suggesting that excessive NMDAR stimulation during ischemic stroke is a central step in post-stroke damage, NMDAR blockers have failed to translate into clinical stroke treatment. Current treatment options for stroke are very limited, and there is therefore a great need to develop new targets for neuroprotective therapeutic agents in ischemic stroke to extend the therapeutic time window. In this review, we highlight recent findings on glutamate release, reuptake mechanisms, NMDAR and its downstream cellular signaling pathways in post-ischemic stroke damage, and review the pathological changes in each link to help develop viable new therapeutic targets. We then also summarize potential neuroprotective drugs and therapeutic approaches for these new targets in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chang Shang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Laiyun Xin
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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32
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Ji ZJ, Shi Y, Li X, Hou R, Yang Y, Liu ZQ, Duan XC, Liu Q, Chen WD, Peng DY. Neuroprotective Effect of Taohong Siwu Decoction on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Mitophagy-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:910217. [PMID: 35754465 PMCID: PMC9213799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.910217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Globally, cerebral ischemia has been shown to be the second leading cause of death. Our previous studies have shown that Taohong Siwu Decoction (THSWD) exhibits obvious neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (CIRI). In this study, we further explored the modulatory effect of THSWD on mitochondrial autophagy in CIRI and the relationship between modulatory effect and NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle activation, so as to further explain the mechanism of neuroprotective effect of THSWD. Methods: Middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in rats was built to simulate I/R. Adult male SD rats (220–270 g) were randomly divided into the following four groups: the sham group, the MCAO/R group, the MCAO/R + THSWD group, and the MCAO/R + THSWD + Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi-1) group. Neurological defect scores were used to evaluate neurological function. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was conducted to measure cerebral infarct volume. Nissl staining, H&E staining and TUNEL staining were executed to detect ischemic cortical neuronal cell viability and apoptosis. Electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of mitochondria. Total Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in tissue were measured by fluorescence spectrophotometry, and the activation status of microglia was evaluated by Iba-1/CD16 immunofluorescence staining. The levels of mitophagy-related proteins (LC3, Parkin, PINK1), NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, Pro-caspase-1, Cleaved-caspase-1), and inflammatory cytokines (Pro-IL-18, Pro-IL-1β, IL-18, IL-1β) were evaluated by western blotting. Results: The studies showed that THSWD treatment alleviated cerebral infarction and neurological deficiencies. THSWD upregulated the expressions of autophagy markers (LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin1) mitochondrial autophagy markers (Parkin and PINK1) after CIRI. Furthermore, THSWD treatment attenuated microglia activation and damage to mitochondrial structures, thereby reducing ROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In contrast, the mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor Mdivi-1 inhibited the above beneficial effects of THSWD. Conclusions: THSWD exhibits neuroprotective effects against MCAO/R in rats by enhancing mitochondrial autophagy and reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Jie Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xian-Chun Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dai-Yin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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33
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Zhang G, Chen S, Jia J, Liu C, Wang W, Zhang H, Zhen X. Development and Evaluation of Novel Metformin Derivative Metformin Threonate for Brain Ischemia Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879690. [PMID: 35800435 PMCID: PMC9253272 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic data reveal that diabetes patients taking metformin exhibit lower incidence of stroke and better functional outcomes during post-stroke neurologic recovery. We previously demonstrated that chronic post-ischemic administration of metformin improved functional recovery in experimental cerebral ischemia. However, few beneficial effects of metformin on the acute phase of cerebral ischemia were reported either in experimental animals or in stroke patients, which limits the application of metformin in stroke. We hypothesized that slow cellular uptake of metformin hydrochloride may contribute to the lack of efficacy in acute stroke. We recently developed and patented a novel metformin derivative, metformin threonate (SHY-01). Pharmacokinetic profile in vivo and in cultured cells revealed that metformin is more rapidly uptaken and accumulated from SHY-01 than metformin hydrochloride. Accordingly, SHY-01 treatment exhibited more potent and rapid activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, SHY-01 elicited a stronger inhibition of microglia activation and more potent neuroprotection when compared to metformin hydrochloride. SHY-01 administration also had superior beneficial effects on neurologic functional recovery in experimental stroke and offered strong protection against acute cerebral ischemia with reduced infarct volume and mortality, as well as the improved sensorimotor and cognitive functions in rats. Collectively, these results indicated that SHY-01 had an improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profile and produced more potent protective effects on acute stroke and long-term neurological damage. We propose that SHY-01 is a very promising therapeutic candidate for cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gufang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuechu Zhen, ; Gufang Zhang,
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuechu Zhen, ; Gufang Zhang,
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34
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Thomas C, Wurzer L, Malle E, Ristow M, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT. Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis as a Pleiotropic Effect of Commonly Used Drugs. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:905261. [PMID: 35821802 PMCID: PMC9261327 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.905261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Age-associated diseases represent a growing burden for global health systems in our aging society. Consequently, we urgently need innovative strategies to counteract these pathological disturbances. Overwhelming generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with age-related damage, leading to cellular dysfunction and, ultimately, diseases. However, low-dose ROS act as crucial signaling molecules and inducers of a vaccination-like response to boost antioxidant defense mechanisms, known as mitohormesis. Consequently, modulation of ROS homeostasis by nutrition, exercise, or pharmacological interventions is critical in aging. Numerous nutrients and approved drugs exhibit pleiotropic effects on ROS homeostasis. In the current review, we provide an overview of drugs affecting ROS generation and ROS detoxification and evaluate the potential of these effects to counteract the development and progression of age-related diseases. In case of inflammation-related dysfunctions, cardiovascular- and neurodegenerative diseases, it might be essential to strengthen antioxidant defense mechanisms in advance by low ROS level rises to boost the individual ROS defense mechanisms. In contrast, induction of overwhelming ROS production might be helpful to fight pathogens and kill cancer cells. While we outline the potential of ROS manipulation to counteract age-related dysfunction and diseases, we also raise the question about the proper intervention time and dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Thomas
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism Institute of Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Lia Wurzer
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Ristow
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism Institute of Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Corina T. Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- *Correspondence: Corina T. Madreiter-Sokolowski,
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35
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Yu M, Zheng X, Cheng F, Shao B, Zhuge Q, Jin K. Metformin, Rapamycin, or Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Pretreatment Attenuate Cognitive Impairment After Cerebral Hypoperfusion by Inhibiting Microglial Phagocytosis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:903565. [PMID: 35769369 PMCID: PMC9234123 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.903565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second leading form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD) plaguing the elder population. Despite the enormous prevalence of VCI, the biological basis of this disease has been much less well-studied than that of AD, with no specific therapy currently existing to prevent or treat VCI. As VCI mainly occurs in the elderly, the role of anti-aging drugs including metformin, rapamycin, and nicotinamide mono nucleotide (NMN), and the underlying mechanism remain uncertain. Here, we examined the role of metformin, rapamycin, and NMN in cognitive function, white matter integrity, microglial response, and phagocytosis in a rat model of VCI by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). BCCAO-induced chronic cerebral hypoperfusion could cause spatial working memory deficits and white matter lesions (WMLs), along with increasing microglial activation and phagocytosis compared to sham-operated rats. We found the cognitive impairment was significantly improved in BCCAO rats pretreated with these three drugs for 14 days before BCCAO compared with the vehicle group by the analysis of the Morris water maze and new object recognition tests. Pretreatment of metformin, rapamycin, or NMN also increased myelin basic protein (MBP, a marker for myelin) expression and reduced SMI32 (a marker for demyelinated axons) intensity and SMI32/MBP ratio compared with the vehicle group, suggesting that these drugs could ameliorate BCCAO-induced WMLs. The findings were confirmed by Luxol fast blue (LFB) stain, which is designed for staining myelin/myelinated axons. We further found that pretreatment of metformin, rapamycin, or NMN reduced microglial activation and the number of M1 microglia, but increased the number of M2 microglia compared to the vehicle group. Importantly, the number of MBP+/Iba1+/CD68+ microglia was significantly reduced in the BCCAO rats pretreated with these three drugs compared with the vehicle group, suggesting that these drugs suppress microglial phagocytosis. No significant difference was found between the groups pretreated with metformin, rapamycin, or NMN. Our data suggest that metformin, rapamycin, or NMN could protect or attenuate cognitive impairment and WMLs by modifying microglial polarization and inhibiting phagocytosis. The findings may open a new avenue for VCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangyu Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bei Shao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Qichuan Zhuge
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
- Kunlin Jin
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36
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Liu C, Zhang D, Lu Z, Man J, Zhang Z, Fu X, Cui K, Wang J. Metformin protects against pericyte apoptosis and promotes neurogenesis through suppressing JNK p38 MAPK signalling activation in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neurosci Lett 2022; 783:136708. [PMID: 35660649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Metformin (MET) has been the subject of many classic studies in possessing antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation activities and antiviral. Recently investigators have examined the anti-apoptosis effects of MET in acute myocardial infarction and Intracerebral hemorrhage, but very little is currently known about how it regulates ischemic stroke-induced pericytes apoptosis and neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation. The present research explored the potential neuroprotective mechanisms of MET using transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO) mice. The experimental work presented that tMCAO mice treated by metformin had better neurologic outcomes on days 1, 3, and 7 after operation, and alleviated blood-brain barrier (BBB) destruction, brain water content and infarct volume on 72 h after surgery. The data showed that MET alleviated BBB disruption by reducing PDGFRβ/ matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) positive cells, relieving zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) drop away and increasing pericyte coverage through remarkably reducing the percentage of PDGFRβ/caspase-3 positive cells. In addition, MET induced antiapoptotic activity followed by downregulating cleaved caspase-3 and Bax expression. Moreover, JNK signaling pathway has been proved to be pivotal in mediating apoptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The results of this research illustrated that MET treatment downregulated the levels of phosphorylated JNK and P38 in vivo, however the use of JNK activator anisomycin (ANI) could reverse the neuroprotection effect of MET, demonstrating that the JNK pathway is associated with the anti-apoptosis mechanisms of MET. Finally, metformin remarkably increased the percentage of BrdU/DCX-positive cells in subventricular zone (SVZ) and up-regulated BDNF、VEGF and NGF expression after ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury on day 7. Our data illustrated that metformin provides an effective therapy for I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan Province, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan Province, China
| | - Zhengfang Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan Province, China
| | - Jiang Man
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan Province, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaojuan Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan Province, China
| | - Kefei Cui
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan Province, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan Province, China.
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Akhtar N, Singh R, Kamran S, Babu B, Sivasankaran S, Joseph S, Morgan D, Shuaib A. Diabetes: Chronic Metformin Treatment and Outcome Following Acute Stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:849607. [PMID: 35557626 PMCID: PMC9087832 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.849607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate if in patients with known diabetes, pretreatment metformin will lead to less severe stroke, better outcome, and lower mortality following acute stroke. Methods The Qatar stroke database was interrogated for stroke severity and outcome in patients with ischemic stroke. Outcome was compared in nondiabetic vs. diabetic patients and in diabetic patients on metformin vs. other hypoglycemic agents. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was used to measure stroke severity and 90-day modified Rankin scale (mRS) score to determine outcome following acute stroke. Results In total, 4,897 acute stroke patients [nondiabetic: 2,740 (56%) and diabetic: 2,157 (44%)] were evaluated. There were no significant differences in age, risk factors, stroke severity and type, or thrombolysis between the two groups. At 90 days, mRS (shift analysis) showed significantly poor outcome in diabetic patients (p < 0.001) but no differences in mortality. In the diabetic group, 1,132 patients were on metformin and 1,025 on other hypoglycemic agents. mRS shift analysis showed a significantly better outcome in metformin-treated patients (p < 0.001) and lower mortality (8.1 vs. 4.6% p < 0.001). Multivariate negative binomial analyses showed that the presence of diabetes negatively affected the outcome (90-day mRS) by factor 0.17 (incidence risk ratio, IRR, 1.17; CI [1.08-1.26]; p < 0.001) when all independent variables were held constant. In diabetic patients, pre-stroke treatment with metformin improved the outcome (90-day mRS) by factor 0.14 (IRR 0.86 [CI 0.75-0.97] p = 0.006). Conclusion Similar to previous reports, our study shows that diabetes adversely affects stroke outcome. The use of prior metformin is associated with better outcome in patients with ischemic stroke and results in lower mortality. The positive effects of metformin require further research to better understand its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Akhtar
- The Neuroscience Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Cardiology Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saadat Kamran
- The Neuroscience Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Blessy Babu
- The Neuroscience Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Sujatha Joseph
- The Neuroscience Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Deborah Morgan
- The Neuroscience Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ashfaq Shuaib
- Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Zhou J, Zhang G, Chang C, Chou OHI, Lee S, Leung KSK, Wong WT, Liu T, Wai AKC, Cheng SH, Zhang Q, Tse G. Metformin versus sulphonylureas for new onset atrial fibrillation and stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:697-709. [PMID: 35112189 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To gain insights on the cardiovascular effects of metformin and sulphonylurea, the present study compares the rates of incident atrial fibrillation, stroke, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality between metformin and sulphonylurea users in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS This was a retrospective population-based cohort study of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving either sulphonylurea or metformin monotherapy between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019. The primary outcome was new-onset AF or stroke. Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Propensity score matching (1:2 ratio) between sulphonylurea and metformin users was performed, based on demographics, CHA-DS-VASc score, past comorbidities and medication use. Cox regression was used to identify significant risk factors. Competing risk analysis was conducted using cause-specific and subdistribution hazard models. Sensitivity analyses using propensity score stratification, high-dimensional propensity score and inverse probability of treatment weighting were conducted. Subgroup analyses were conducted for age and gender in the matched cohort. RESULTS A total of 36,228 sulphonylurea users and 72,456 metformin users were included in the propensity score-matched cohort. Multivariable Cox regression showed that sulphonylurea users had higher risks of incident AF (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.75-3.77; P < 0.0001), stroke (HR: 3.23, 95% CI: 3.01-3.45; P < 0.0001), cardiovascular mortality (HR: 3.60, 95% CI: 2.62-4.81; P < 0.0001) and all-cause mortality (HR: 4.35, 95% CI: 3.16-4.75; P < 0.0001) compared to metformin users. Similarly, significant results were observed using cause-specific and subdistribution hazard models. Sensitivity analysis using techniques based on the propensity score also yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS Sulphonylurea use was associated with higher risks of incident AF, stroke, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality compared to metformin. Males and patients older than 65 years with sulphonylurea use were exposed to the highest risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Zhou
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Emergency Department, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Carlin Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Oscar Hou In Chou
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Diabetes Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, UK-China Collaboration, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sharen Lee
- Diabetes Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, UK-China Collaboration, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keith Sai Kit Leung
- Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Li Ka Shing, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Abraham Ka Chung Wai
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Li Ka Shing, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingpeng Zhang
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon City, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
- Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury, UK.
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Elizalde-Velázquez GA, Gómez-Oliván LM, Rosales-Pérez KE, Orozco-Hernández JM, García-Medina S, Islas-Flores H, Galar-Martínez M. Chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of guanylurea induces neurotoxicity of Danio rerio adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:153095. [PMID: 35038519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown guanylurea (GUA) alters the growth and development of fish, induces oxidative stress, and disrupts the levels and expression of several genes, metabolites, and proteins related to the overall fitness of fish. Nonetheless, up to date, no study has assessed the potential neurotoxic effects that GUA may induce in non-target organisms. To fill the current knowledge gaps about the effects of this metabolite in the central nervous system of fish, we aimed to determine whether or not environmentally relevant concentrations of this metabolite may disrupt the behavior, redox status, AChE activity in Danio rerio adults. In addition, we also meant to assess if 25, 50, and 200 μg/L of GUA can alter the expression of several antioxidant defenses-, apoptosis-, AMPK pathway-, and neuronal communication-related genes in the brain of fish exposed for four months to GUA. Our results demonstrated that chronic exposure to GUA altered the swimming behavior of D. rerio, as fish remained more time frozen and traveled less distance in the tank compared to the control group. Moreover, this metabolite significantly increased the levels of oxidative damage biomarkers and inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase of fish in a concentration-dependent manner. Concerning gene expression, environmentally relevant concentrations of GUA downregulated the expression GRID2IP, PCDH17, and PCDH19, but upregulated Nrf1, Nrf2, p53, BAX, CASP3, PRKAA1, PRKAA2, and APP in fish after four months of exposure. Collectively, we can conclude that GUA may alter the homeostasis of several essential brain biomarkers, generating anxiety-like behavior in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Karina Elisa Rosales-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Orozco-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México, CP 07700, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México, CP 07700, Mexico
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Qi Y, Fu S, Pei D, Fang Q, Xin W, Yuan X, Cao Y, Shu Q, Mi X, Luo F. Luteolin attenuated cisplatin-induced cardiac dysfunction and oxidative stress via modulation of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:209-221. [PMID: 35468014 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2067042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are a well-documented limitation of cancer chemotherapy. Cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity threatens the health and life of patients, and limits the application of cisplatin. Oxidative stress is the main mechanism underlying cisplatin-induced cardiac toxicity. Luteolin (Lut) has been reported to possess cardioprotective properties by activating nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) -mediated antioxidant response. However, the effect of Lut on cisplatin-induced cardiac damage remains unclear. In this study, we revealed that Lut exerted a protective effect against cisplatin-induced cardiac dysfunction and injury in vivo. In HL-1 cells, Lut was observed to dramatically reduce cisplatin-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress by modulating the Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/Nrf2 pathway. Altogether, these findings suggested that Lut showed promise in attenuating cisplatin-induced cardiac injury and might be considered a protective drug candidate for chemotherapy-associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Donggen Pei
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qilu Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxiu Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiufang Mi
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Tu WJ, Liu Z, Chao BH, Yan F, Ma L, Cao L, Ji XM, Wang LD. Metformin use is associated with low risk of case fatality and disability rates in first-ever stroke patients with type 2 diabetes. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2022; 13:20406223221076894. [PMID: 35465053 PMCID: PMC9021516 DOI: 10.1177/20406223221076894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To assess the effectiveness of metformin treatment on long-term outcomes in first-ever stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China. Methods: From August to September 2019, all patients with first-ever stroke and T2DM from 232 hospitals in China Mainland were included. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups: the metformin treatment (MT) and the no-metformin treatment (No-MT) groups. All discharged patients would receive a telephone follow-up at 12-month after admission. Results: In total, 7587 first-ever stroke patients with T2DM [age: median (IQR) = 66 (57–73) years; 57.35% male] were recruited. Out of those 7587 included patients, 3593 (47.36%) received MT. The in-hospital case fatality rate was lower in the MT group than the No-MT group [MT group versus No-MT group: 1.09% versus 2.30%; absolute difference = −1.75% (95% CI = −2.15 to −1.17%); OR = 0.63 (95% CI = 0.47 to 0.84)]. The 12-month case fatality rate was lower in the MT group than the No-MT group [4.72% versus 8.05%; absolute difference = −4.05% (95% CI = −5.58 to −2.41); OR = 0.69 (95% CI = 0.50 to 0.88)]. The 12-month disability rate was also lower in the MT group than the No-MT group [14.74% versus 19.41%; absolute difference = −5.70% (95% CI = −7.25 to −3.22); OR = 0.83 (95% CI = 0.70 to 0.95)]. Furthermore, the recurrence rate did not differ significantly between the MT and No-MT groups (p = 0.29). Conclusion: The study reveals that metformin use in stroke patients with T2DM results in a less severe stroke and lower fatality and disability rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119, South Four Ring West Road, Beijing 100070, China
- The General Office of Stroke Prevention Project Committee, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Hua Chao
- The General Office of Stroke Prevention Project Committee, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Cao
- The General Office of Stroke Prevention Project Committee, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xun-Ming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Long-De Wang
- The General Office of Stroke Prevention Project Committee, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, No. 118, Guang’anmen Inner Street, Beijing 100053, China
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42
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An W, Kang JS. Effect of Metformin on Myocardial Injury Induced by Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:822743. [PMID: 35431970 PMCID: PMC9010783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.822743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is no effective medication for treatment or prevention of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR) injury caused by liver transplantation and hepatectomy. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of metformin on HIR injury and related myocardial injury in rats.Methods: Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, ischemia-reperfusion group, and IR group treated with metformin 150 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Wistar male rats were administered metformin 150 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg or saline 30 min pre-operative and underwent 15 min ischemia and 6 h reperfusion (n = 4).Results: Metformin significantly alleviates the injury caused by HIR. Administration of metformin resulted in a significant reduction in the serum levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase and the activity of malondialdehyde, creatine kinase-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase but maintained high catalase and superoxide dismutase activity. Metformin significantly inhibited the IR-induced elevation of tumor necrosis factor-α in liver and heart tissue.Conclusion: Metformin can alleviate hepatic and myocardial injury induced by IR by inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Liu K, Li L, Liu Z, Li G, Wu Y, Jiang X, Wang M, Chang Y, Jiang T, Luo J, Zhu J, Li H, Wang Y. Acute Administration of Metformin Protects Against Neuronal Apoptosis Induced by Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Regulation of the AMPK/CREB/BDNF Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:832611. [PMID: 35431946 PMCID: PMC9010658 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a first-line anti-diabetic agent with a powerful hypoglycemic effect. Several studies have reported that metformin can improve the prognosis of stroke patients and that this effect is independent of its hypoglycemic effect; however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. In this research, we explored the effect and specific mechanism of metformin in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by constructing a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model in vivo and a glucose and oxygen deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in vitro. The results of the in vivo experiments showed that acute treatment with low-dose metformin (10 mg/kg) ameliorated cerebral edema, reduced the cerebral infarction volume, improved the neurological deficit score, and ameliorated neuronal apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra. Moreover, metformin up-regulated the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and increased phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) in the ischemia penumbra. Nevertheless, the above-mentioned effects of metformin were reversed by Compound C. The results of the in vitro experiments showed that low metformin concentrations (20 μM) could reduce apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under OGD/R conditions and promote cell proliferation. Moreover, metformin could further promote BDNF expression and release in HUVECs under OGD/R conditions via the AMPK/CREB pathway. The Transwell chamber assay showed that HUVECs treated with metformin could reduce apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells under OGD/R conditions and this effect could be partially reversed by transfection of BDNF siRNA in HUVECs. In summary, our results suggest that metformin upregulates the level of BDNF in the cerebral ischemic penumbra via the AMPK/CREB pathway, thereby playing a protective effect in cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, People’s Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengdie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanmin Chang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianheng Luo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongge Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongge Li, ; Yong Wang,
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongge Li, ; Yong Wang,
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Lyu T, Tian C, Tan T, Lyu J, Yan K, Zhao X, Wang R, Zhang C, Liu M, Wei Y. AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) channel: A Global Bibliometric analysis From 2012 to 2021. Channels (Austin) 2022; 16:60-71. [PMID: 35311448 PMCID: PMC8942423 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2022.2049543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, AMPK channel has gained considerable attention in a variety of research areas, and several academic journals have published articles on AMPK research. However, few attempts have been made to thoroughly assess the scientific output and current status systematically in this topic from a worldwide viewpoint. As a result, it is critical to adopt an appropriate visualization method to reveal the global status, future research trends, and hotspots in AMPK channel research. To investigate research hotspots/frontiers in certain domains, bibliometric analysis has been frequently utilized to determine the productivity of nations, institutions, authors, and the frequency of keywords. In this work, we used CiteSpace and VOSviewer to conduct a bibliometric analysis of AMPK channel studies from 2012 to 2021 in order to perform researchers with some directions for AMPK channel research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Lyu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanxi Tian
- Clinical Graduate Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyang Tan
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | | | - Kang Yan
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xirui Zhao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoshui Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Wei
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Beijing, China
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Nikitchenko YV, Klochkov VK, Kavok NS, Karpenko NA, Nikitchenko IV, Yefimova SL, Bozhkov AI. Comparative Studies of Orthovanadate Nanoparticles and Metformin on Life Quality and Survival of Senile Wistar Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1237-1247. [PMID: 33900529 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Effect of prolong use of orthovanadate nanoparticles (GdVO4/Eu3+ NPs (8 × 25 nm)) on life quality and survival of male Wistar rats on the late stage of ontogenesis (from 23 months to the end of life) has been investigated. Multi-parametric assessment of orthovanadate NPs influences against metformin (Met) which is a well-known calorie restriction mimetic (CR-mimetic) has been completed. The quality of life was assessed by taking into account age-related hallmarks-phenotype and some physiological parameters (condition of the coat, body weight, concentration of thyroxine, rectal temperature) as well as indicators of the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance of blood and liver (the content of lipid hydroperoxides; aconitase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutaredoxin activity, and activity of NADP+-dehydrogenases (DG) (glucose-6-phosphate DG, malate DG, and isocitrate DG)) in aging animals. Kaplan-Meier curve and Gehan tests with Yates' correction were performed for the survival analysis. It has been found that long-term use of GdVO4/Eu3+ NPs (0.25-0.30 mg/kg/day), as well as Met (100-110 mg/kg/day) with drinking water led to reliable improvement of physiological parameters and normalization of the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in the liver and blood of experimental animals. A significant increase in the survival rate of aging rats was observed; the apparent median survival for control rats was 900 days, while for experimental rats, 1010 and 990 days for GdVO4/Eu3+ NPs and Met, respectively. In general, the data obtained demonstrate the ability of GdVO4/Eu3+ NPs and CR-mimetic-Met to improve the quality of life and increase the survival of an elderly organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V Nikitchenko
- Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir K Klochkov
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya S Kavok
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine.
| | - Nina A Karpenko
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | | | - Svetlana L Yefimova
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave, Kharkiv, 61072, Ukraine
| | - Anatoly I Bozhkov
- Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine
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Li K, Jiang J, Shi Z, Zhan L, Peng L, Sun W, Tang Y, Zuo X, Xu E. Neuroprotective Effects of Rhodiola Sacra on Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia Through Activating AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway in Rats. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:567-591. [PMID: 34714119 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Rhodiola sacra is a widely used pharmaceutical component with multiple functions, including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. However, the exact mechanisms involved in neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) remain to be elucidated. Herein, we aim at closing the gap in understanding on whether rhodiola sacra reduces neuronal death in hippocampal CA1 and at demonstrating how rhodiola sacra offers neuroprotection after tGCI. Results: The results show that rhodiola sacra (2.4 g/kg/d by feeding) pretreatment or/and postreatment significantly alleviated neuronal injury, inhibited glial activation, and improved cognitive function in male rats subjected to tGCI. The neuroprotection of prophylaxis with rhodiola sacra is equivalent to that of therapeutics. The binding mode of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2-subunit with rhodiola sacra was predicted by molecular docking. Further, rhodiola sacra upregulates phosphorylated AMPK and promotes nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). In addition, rhodiola sacra increases heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and activity and reduces malondialdehyde (MDA) content in CA1 after tGCI. However, the neuroprotection of rhodiola sacra is abolished by Nrf2 knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) after tGCI. Similarly, the inhibition of AMPK with Compound C or siRNA against AMPK α2 aggravates neuronal death after tGCI through decreasing nuclear Nrf2 and the expression and activity of HO-1, and by increasing the release of MDA. Innovation and Conclusion: For the first time, this study demonstrates that as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent rhodiola sacra prevents oxidant stress, protects neurons, and improves cognitive function through activating the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in tGCI rats. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 567-591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongping Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, Qingyuan, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, Qingyuan, China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xialin Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - En Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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47
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Targeting AMPK signaling in ischemic/reperfusion injury: From molecular mechanism to pharmacological interventions. Cell Signal 2022; 94:110323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sanati M, Aminyavari S, Afshari AR, Sahebkar A. Mechanistic insight into the role of metformin in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2022; 291:120299. [PMID: 34999113 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a type of dementia, is characterized by progressive memory decline and cognition impairment. Despite the considerable body of evidence regarding AD pathophysiology, current therapies merely slow down the disease progression, and a comprehensive therapeutic approach is unavailable. Accordingly, finding an efficient multifunctional remedy is necessary to blunt the increasing rate of AD incidence in the upcoming years. AD shares pathophysiological similarities (e.g., impairment of cognitive functions, insulin sensitivity, and brain glucose metabolism) with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), which offers the utilization of metformin, a biguanide hypoglycemic agent, as an alternative therapeutic approach in AD therapy. Emerging evidence has revealed the impact of metformin in patients suffering from AD. It has been described that metformin employs multiple mechanisms to improve cognition and memory impairment in pre-clinical AD models, including reduction of hippocampal amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) load, suppression of inflammation, amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, restriction of apoptotic neuronal death, and induction of neurogenesis. This review discusses the pre-clinical evidence, which may shed light on the role of metformin in AD and provide a more comprehensive mechanistic insight for future studies in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samaneh Aminyavari
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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49
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Rayson A, Boudiffa M, Naveed M, Griffin J, Dall’Ara E, Bellantuono I. Geroprotectors and Skeletal Health: Beyond the Headlines. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:682045. [PMID: 35223825 PMCID: PMC8864221 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.682045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are the most common age-related diseases of the musculoskeletal system. They are responsible for high level of healthcare use and are often associated with comorbidities. Mechanisms of ageing such as senescence, inflammation and autophagy are common drivers for both diseases and molecules targeting those mechanisms (geroprotectors) have potential to prevent both diseases and their co-morbidities. However, studies to test the efficacy of geroprotectors on bone and joints are scant. The limited studies available show promising results to prevent and reverse Osteoporosis-like disease. In contrast, the effects on the development of Osteoarthritis-like disease in ageing mice has been disappointing thus far. Here we review the literature and report novel data on the effect of geroprotectors for Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis, we challenge the notion that extension of lifespan correlates with extension of healthspan in all tissues and we highlight the need for more thorough studies to test the effects of geroprotectors on skeletal health in ageing organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rayson
- Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Maya Boudiffa
- Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Maneeha Naveed
- Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Griffin
- Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Dall’Ara
- Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Bellantuono
- Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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50
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Omar ZMM, Ahmed AAN, El-Bakry MH, Ahmed MA, Hasan A. Metformin versus Silymarin as Hepatoprotective Agents in Mice Fibrotic Model Caused by Carbon Tetrachloride. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2022; 80:659-668. [PMID: 35093389 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study metformin hepatoprotective effects compared to silymarin on hepatic fibrosis caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS liver fibrosis in mice was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of 2 ml/kg of CCl4 dilution in olive oil [1:9 (v/v)] twice a week for 7 weeks followed by oral treatment with metformin (250 mg/kg/day) or silymarin (100 mg/kg/day) (a standard hepatoprotective drug). The changes that follow liver fibrosis were assessed by measurement of hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin stain, special stains, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunostaining, measuring oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH, NOx and MnSOD) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in liver. RESULTS liver fibrosis was obviously developed in mice after intraperitoneal injection with CCl4 for 7 weeks. Both silymarin and metformin treatment exhibited a significant decrease in the fibrotic changes and similarly an increase in endogenous antioxidants. Interestingly there is a significant difference between silymarin and metformin regarding both efficacy and potency. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifibrotic effects of metformin in CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice, but silymarin is more beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohammed Ahmed Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdulkarim Hasan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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