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Vilfranc CL, Houghton LC, Tsui F, Barrett E, Llanos AAM, Pennell K, Walker DAH, Martinez M, Morton B, Shepard P, Terry MB, McDonald JA. The hair tales of women of color in Northern Manhattan: a qualitative analysis. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2024; 6:1298615. [PMID: 38559324 PMCID: PMC10978798 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2024.1298615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as phthalates, can negatively impact maternal and child health, contributing to impaired fetal growth, preterm birth, and pregnancy complications, as well as increased downstream risks of cardiometabolic disease and breast cancer. Notably, women of color (WOC) are the largest consumers of personal care products, which are a common source of EDC exposure. Methods The Let's Reclaim Our Ancestral Roots (Let's R.O.A.R) Pilot Study developed an educational intervention delivered during pregnancy to promote reduced use of phthalate-containing hair care products (HCPs). This mixed-methods study included: (1) a quantitative analysis and (2) a qualitative analysis of the educational sessions and the semi-structured focus groups to evaluate the factors that influenced the hair care practices and product choices of WOC at various stages of life, including their current pregnancy (hereafter referred to as the hair journey). During the sessions, participants learned about EDCs (with a focus on phthalates), the unequal burden of exposure for WOC, adverse implications of exposure, and exposure reduction strategies. Focus group sessions provided insight into participants' hair journeys from childhood to the current pregnancy and explored factors during their hair product selection process. All sessions were transcribed and imported into NVivo Version 12 for coding and thematic analysis. Results A total of 46 individuals were enrolled in the study, and 31 participated in an educational session. This current work synthesizes the qualitative analysis of this study. We identified two important life stages (before and after gaining agency over hair care practices and product choices) and three dominant themes related to HCP use: (1) products that impacted the hair journey, which involved all mentions of hair products, (2) factors that influenced the hair journey, which included individuals or entities that shaped participants' hair experiences, and (3) the relationship between hair and sense of self, where sense of self was defined as the alignment of one's inner and outer beauty. Conclusion The themes intersected and impacted the participants' hair journey. Cultural integration was a sub-theme that overlapped within the dominant themes and participants discussed the effect of traditions on their hair experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystelle L. Vilfranc
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lauren C. Houghton
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Felice Tsui
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emily Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Adana A. M. Llanos
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kurt Pennell
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Micaela Martinez
- We ACT for Environmental Justice, New York, NY, United States
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Beaumont Morton
- We ACT for Environmental Justice, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peggy Shepard
- We ACT for Environmental Justice, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jasmine A. McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Castiñeira-Landeira A, Vazquez L, Dagnac T, Celeiro M, Llompart M. Allergens and Other Harmful Substances in Hydroalcoholic Gels: Compliance with Current Regulation. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:95. [PMID: 37888027 PMCID: PMC10609030 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroalcoholic gels or hand sanitisers have become essential products to prevent and mitigate the transmission of COVID-19. Depending on their use, they can be classified as cosmetics (cleaning the skin) or biocides (with antimicrobial effects). The aim of this work was to determine sixty personal care products frequently found in cosmetic formulations, including fragrance allergens, synthetic musks, preservatives and plasticisers, in hydroalcoholic gels and evaluate their compliance with the current regulation. A simple and fast analytical methodology based on solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS/MS) was validated and applied to 67 real samples. Among the 60 target compounds, 47 of them were found in the analysed hand sanitisers, highlighting the high number of fragrance allergens (up to 23) at concentrations of up to 32,458 μg g-1. Most of the samples did not comply with the labelling requirements of the EU Regulation No 1223/2009, and some of them even contained compounds banned in cosmetic products such as plasticisers. Method sustainability was also evaluated using the metric tool AGREEPrep, demonstrating its greenness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Castiñeira-Landeira
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-L.); (L.V.)
| | - Lua Vazquez
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-L.); (L.V.)
| | - Thierry Dagnac
- Galician Agency for Food Quality, Agronomic Research Centre (AGACAL-CIAM), Unit of Organic Contaminants, P.O. Box 10, E-15080 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Maria Celeiro
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-L.); (L.V.)
| | - María Llompart
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-L.); (L.V.)
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3
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Dong C, Liu F, Liao Z, Lin L, Wang R, Du J, Huang W. Analysis of Adverse Reactions of Cosmetics in Chinese Han Population in Recent Five Years. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:2419-2428. [PMID: 37694195 PMCID: PMC10492557 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s418591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background There are still some gaps in the summary and generalization of cosmetic-related adverse reaction reports. Objective The aim of this study is to summarize and analyze the occurrence of cosmetic adverse reactions in Shanghai Han population by using available survey data. Materials and Methods Collection, statistics and analysis of patients with cosmetic adverse reactions in Shanghai Huashan Hospital from 2017 to 2021. Results Among the 1004 patients, most of them (96.71%) were diagnosed as cosmetic contact dermatitis, which often occurred within 3 days of using cosmetics (51.79%). A total of 260 patients were tested with patch test, but the compliance rate was only 18.08%. Among them, 240 patients underwent additional European standard allergen tests, and positive allergens were detected in 210 cases (87.5%). Univariate analysis revealed that dosage form (emulsion and cream), age (≤25 years) and the allergic ingredients triethanolamine, rose oil, propylene glycol, thiomersal and musk ambrette are associated with the occurrence of cosmetic adverse reactions within seven days. A logit prediction model was also successfully constructed: Logit (P) = 1.710-0.796×1 + 1.185×2 -3.650X3-1.335X4. Conclusion This study complements the data reported on cosmetic adverse reactions in the Chinese Han population and suggests that in future clinical diagnosis and data collection, emphasis should be placed on patch testing, combining the patch test with cosmetic protoplast with the European standard allergen test to improve the detection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canbin Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuda Liao
- Medical Insurance Office of Huashan Hospital Affiliated, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanmei Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runnan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Tao TP, Maschmeyer I, LeCluyse EL, Rogers E, Brandmair K, Gerlach S, Przibilla J, Kern F, Genies C, Jacques C, Najjar A, Schepky A, Marx U, Kühnl J, Hewitt NJ. Development of a microphysiological skin-liver-thyroid Chip3 model and its application to evaluate the effects on thyroid hormones of topically applied cosmetic ingredients under consumer-relevant conditions. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1076254. [PMID: 36843954 PMCID: PMC9946709 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1076254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
All cosmetic ingredients registered in Europe must be evaluated for their safety using non-animal methods. Microphysiological systems (MPS) offer a more complex higher tier model to evaluate chemicals. Having established a skin and liver HUMIMIC Chip2 model demonstrating how dosing scenarios impact the kinetics of chemicals, we investigated whether thyroid follicles could be incorporated to evaluate the potential of topically applied chemicals to cause endocrine disruption. This combination of models in the HUMIMIC Chip3 is new; therefore, we describe here how it was optimized using two chemicals known to inhibit thyroid production, daidzein and genistein. The MPS was comprised of Phenion® Full Thickness skin, liver spheroids and thyroid follicles co-cultured in the TissUse HUMIMIC Chip3. Endocrine disruption effects were determined according to changes in thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3). A main part of the Chip3 model optimization was the replacement of freshly isolated thyroid follicles with thyrocyte-derived follicles. These were used in static incubations to demonstrate the inhibition of T4 and T3 production by genistein and daidzein over 4 days. Daidzein exhibited a lower inhibitory activity than genistein and both inhibitory activities were decreased after a 24 h preincubation with liver spheroids, indicating metabolism was via detoxification pathways. The skin-liver-thyroid Chip3 model was used to determine a consumer-relevant exposure to daidzein present in a body lotion based on thyroid effects. A "safe dose" of 0.235 μg/cm2 i.e., 0.047% applied in 0.5 mg/cm2 of body lotion was the highest concentration of daidzein which does not result in changes in T3 and T4 levels. This concentration correlated well with the value considered safe by regulators. In conclusion, the Chip3 model enabled the incorporation of the relevant exposure route (dermal), metabolism in the skin and liver, and the bioactivity endpoint (assessment of hormonal balance i.e., thyroid effects) into a single model. These conditions are closer to those in vivo than 2D cell/tissue assays lacking metabolic function. Importantly, it also allowed the assessment of repeated doses of chemical and a direct comparison of systemic and tissue concentrations with toxicodynamic effects over time, which is more realistic and relevant for safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eda Rogers
- LifeNet Health, Virginia Beach, VA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicola J. Hewitt
- Cosmetics Europe, Auderghem, Belgium,*Correspondence: Nicola J. Hewitt,
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Di Criscio M, Lodahl JE, Stamatakis A, Kitraki E, Bakoyiannis I, Repouskou A, Bornehag CG, Gennings C, Lupu D, Rüegg J. A human-relevant mixture of endocrine disrupting chemicals induces changes in hippocampal DNA methylation correlating with hyperactive behavior in male mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137633. [PMID: 36565761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Humans are ubiquitously exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), substances that interfere with endogenous hormonal signaling. Exposure during early development is of particular concern due to the programming role of hormones during this period. A previous epidemiological study has shown association between prenatal co-exposure to 8 EDCs (Mixture N1) and language delay in children, suggesting an effect of this mixture on neurodevelopment. Furthermore, in utero exposure to Mixture N1 altered gene expression and behavior in adult mice. In this study, we investigated whether epigenetic mechanisms could underlie the long term effects of Mixture N1 on gene expression and behavior. To this end, we analyzed DNA methylation at regulatory regions of genes whose expression was affected by Mixture N1 in the hippocampus of in utero exposed mice using bisulfite-pyrosequencing. We show that Mixture N1 decreases DNA methylation in males at three genes that are part of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis: Nr3c1, Nr3c2, and Crhr1, coding for the glucocorticoid receptor, the mineralocorticoid receptor, and the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1, respectively. Furthermore, we show that the decrease in Nr3c1 methylation correlates with increased gene expression, and that Nr3c1, Nr3c2, and Crhr1 methylation correlates with hyperactivity and reduction in social behavior. These findings indicate that an EDC mixture corresponding to a human exposure scenario induces epigenetic changes, and thus programming effects, on the HPA axis that are reflected in the behavioral phenotypes of the adult male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Di Criscio
- Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Ekholm Lodahl
- Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Antonios Stamatakis
- Biology-Biochemistry Lab, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Efthymia Kitraki
- Basic Sciences Lab, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, NKUA, Athens 15272, Greece
| | - Ioannis Bakoyiannis
- Biology-Biochemistry Lab, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Anastasia Repouskou
- Basic Sciences Lab, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, NKUA, Athens 15272, Greece
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE- 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Chris Gennings
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Diana Lupu
- Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Medley EA, Kruchten KE, Spratlen MJ, Ureño M, Cole A, Joglekar R, Herbstman JB. Usage of Children's Makeup and Body Products in the United States and Implications for Childhood Environmental Exposures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2114. [PMID: 36767480 PMCID: PMC9915933 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence of toxicity associated with ingredients found in cosmetics and personal care products. Children's makeup and body products (CMBPs) are widely marketed to children throughout the US; however, little is known about how and why children use them. We administered a survey to parents/guardians of children aged ≤12 years about the use of CMBPs. Among all the children (n = 312) of survey respondents (n = 207), 219 (70%) have used CMBPs in their lifetime. Older children used CMBPs at higher rates than younger children, and female children used CMBPs at higher rates than male children. Children of Hispanic/Latinx parents/guardians used CMBPs more often and for shorter durations and a greater proportion used lip, hair, and fragrance products than children of non-Hispanic parents/guardians. Approximately half the children that use CMBPs were reported to use them with play intentions. Compared to children of non-Hispanic parents/guardians, children of Hispanic/Latinx parents/guardians reported more play motivations for CMBP use. Using qualitative analysis approaches, responses suggest CMBPs are commonly used for fun or play activities. This mixed methods analysis serves as an introduction to understanding early life exposures to this unique and understudied class of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor A. Medley
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kendall E. Kruchten
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Miranda J. Spratlen
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maricela Ureño
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anabel Cole
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rashmi Joglekar
- Earthjustice, Toxic Exposure and Health Program, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Li Y, Hua W, Tang J, Xiong L, Li L. An online course about cosmetics improves skin care practices and skin health. Front Public Health 2022; 10:951481. [PMID: 36159238 PMCID: PMC9507002 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.951481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of cosmetics-associated dermatoses is on the rise recently while the awareness and knowledge about proper utilization of cosmetics are insufficient in both the public and specialists due to limited education about cosmetics. Methods Our aim was to build and enhance the public's ability to select appropriate cosmetics, manage possible dermatoses and improve skin-care practices and skin health by offering access to medical information via free online courses. Consequently, we launched a massive open online course (MOOC), Appreciation and Analysis of Cosmetics. An online questionnaire was also sent to evaluate the effectiveness of the course. Results Nearly 540,000 learners were enrolled in the course since 2014. In the discussion forum, there were 8,383 posts and 73,014 replies in total, where learners were mostly concerned about topics of sun protection, cleansing and proper utilization of cosmetics in some skin diseases. 645 learners answered the questionnaire with 88.84% of the them changed skin care practices and 50.39% reported improvement in skin health. Moreover, participants who completed the course reported better understanding and utilization of cosmetics-related knowledge (p values < 0.05). 72.09% of respondents were willing to recommend this course to others. Conclusions Free online public courses are feasible for conducting public health education campaigns related to cosmetics and associated dermatology to lower the incidence of cosmetics-associated dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Center of Cosmetics Evaluation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Center of Cosmetics Evaluation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Center of Cosmetics Evaluation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Center of Cosmetics Evaluation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, China,Lidan Xiong
| | - Li Li
- Center of Cosmetics Evaluation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Li Li
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8
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Jala A, Varghese B, Dutta R, Adela R, Borkar RM. Levels of parabens and bisphenols in personal care products and urinary concentrations in Indian young adult women: Implications for human exposure and health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134028. [PMID: 35218786 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Limited information is available about the levels of exposure of paraben and bisphenols emerging from personal care products (PCPs) use in Indian women and the risk associated with it. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the concentrations of six parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl, benzyl-, and heptyl-parabens) and 8 bisphenols (Bisphenol A, B, F, P, S, Z, AP, and AF) in PCPs samples (n = 114) obtained from Indian market and in the urine samples of young adult females (n = 52). The concentrations measured in PCPs and urine samples were used to determine the estimated daily intake. The mean concentrations of 6 parabens and 8 bisphenols in PCPs ranged from 38.3 to 2.38 × 105 ng/g and 2.71-148 ng/g, respectively. In urine samples analysed, the mean concentrations of 6 parabens and 8 bisphenols ranged from 0.007 to 293 ng/mL and 0.10-10.8 ng/mL, respectively. There was no significant correlation of EDCs with age, BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), but significant correlations (p < 0.05) were observed between urinary paraben and bisphenol concentrations. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) exists between the BMI and WHR groups by bisphenol concentrations. Estimated daily intake and exposure risks for parabens and bisphenols revealed no possible concerns for Indian young adult females. Hitherto, this is the first study to show that Indian young adult females were exposed to parabens and bisphenols. This study provides evidence on PCPs usage contribute to the urinary concentrations of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Jala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India
| | - Bincy Varghese
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India
| | - Ratul Dutta
- Down Town Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, 781106, India
| | - Ramu Adela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India
| | - Roshan M Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Changsari, 781101, India.
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9
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Cybernetic Hive Minds: A Review. AI 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ai3020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect swarms and migratory birds are known to exhibit something known as a hive mind, collective consciousness, and herd mentality, among others. This has inspired a whole new stream of robotics known as swarm intelligence, where small-sized robots perform tasks in coordination. The social media and smartphone revolution have helped people collectively work together and organize in their day-to-day jobs or activism. This revolution has also led to the massive spread of disinformation amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic by alt-right Neo Nazi Cults like QAnon and their counterparts from across the globe, causing increases in the spread of infection and deaths. This paper presents the case for a theoretical cybernetic hive mind to explain how existing cults like QAnon weaponize group think and carry out crimes using social media-based alternate reality games. We also showcase a framework on how cybernetic hive minds have come into existence and how the hive mind might evolve in the future. We also discuss the implications of these hive minds for the future of free will and how different malfeasant entities have utilized these technologies to cause problems and inflict harm by various forms of cyber-crimes and predict how these crimes can evolve in the future.
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Olkowska E, Gržinić G. Skin models for dermal exposure assessment of phthalates. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133909. [PMID: 35143861 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are a class of compounds that have found widespread use in industrial applications, in particular in the polymer, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. While ingestion, and to a lesser degree inhalation, have been considered as the major exposure routes, especially for higher molecular weight phthalates, dermal exposure is an important route for lower weight phthalates such as diethyl phthalate (DEP). Assessing the dermal permeability of such compounds is of great importance for evaluating the impact and toxicity of such compounds in humans. While human skin is still the best model for studying dermal permeation, availability, cost and ethical concerns may preclude or restrict its use. A range of alternative models has been developed over time to substitute for human skin, especially in the early phases of research. These include ex vivo animal skin, human reconstructed skin and artificial skin models. While the results obtained using such alternative models correlate to a lesser or greater degree with those from in vivo human studies, the use of such models is nevertheless vital in dermal permeation research. This review discusses the alternative skin models that are available, their use in phthalate permeation studies and possible new avenues of phthalate research using skin models that have not been used so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olkowska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Goran Gržinić
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204, Gdansk, Poland
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Park J, Lee JJ, Park S, Lee H, Nam S, Lee S, Lee H. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Premenstrual Syndrome in Female College Students in East Asia: A Multi-Country Study. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:167-177. [PMID: 35173491 PMCID: PMC8842637 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s349172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and to examine associated factors with PMS among East Asian female college students with regard to endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a cross-sectional design. An online survey was completed by 520 female college students in Hong Kong and Korea. The structured questionnaire included items measuring knowledge of EDCs, actions taken and willingness to minimize exposure to EDCs, interest in EDCs, prior education on EDCs, life stress, severity of PMS, and general and health-related characteristics. Multiple logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS The prevalence of severe PMS among the participants was 54.6%. Factors associated with severe PMS included a self-reported heavy menstrual flow, underweight, obesity, interpersonal relationship stress, actions taken to minimize exposure to EDCs, and interest in EDCs. CONCLUSION This study provided the evidence of a negative association between severe PMS and the actions taken to minimize exposure to EDCs. To alleviate symptoms of PMS among young female adults, practical interventions, such as education to overcome barriers to preventing exposure to EDCs, are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongok Park
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Jae Lee
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - SoMi Park
- Department of Nursing, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyeonkyeong Lee
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujin Nam
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sejeong Lee
- College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- College of Nursing and Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Iribarne-Durán LM, Peinado FM, Freire C, Castillero-Rosales I, Artacho-Cordón F, Olea N. Concentrations of bisphenols, parabens, and benzophenones in human breast milk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150437. [PMID: 34583069 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk is the main source of nutrition for infants but may be responsible for their exposure to environmental chemicals, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals. AIM To review available evidence on the presence and concentrations of bisphenols, parabens (PBs), and benzophenones (BPs) in human milk and to explore factors related to exposure levels. METHODS A systematic review was carried out using Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, conducting a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed original articles published during the period 2000-2020, including epidemiological and methodological studies. Inclusion criteria were met by 50 studies, which were compiled by calculating weighted detection frequencies and arithmetic mean concentrations of the chemicals. Their risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I checklist. RESULTS Among the 50 reviewed studies, concentrations of bisphenols were assessed by 37 (74.0%), PBs by 21 (42.0%), and BPs by 10 (20.0%). Weighted detection frequencies were 63.6% for bisphenol-A (BPA), 27.9-63.4% for PBs, and 39.5% for benzophenone-3 (BP-3). Weighted mean concentrations were 1.4 ng/mL for BPA, 0.2-14.2 ng/mL for PBs, and 24.4 ng/mL for BP-3. Mean concentrations ranged among studies from 0.1 to 3.9 ng/mL for BPA, 0.1 to 1063.6 ng/mL for PBs, and 0.5 to 72.4 ng/mL for BP-3. The highest concentrations of BPA and PBs were reported in samples from Asia (versus America and Europe). Higher BPA and lower methyl-paraben concentrations were observed in samples collected after 2010. Elevated concentrations of these chemicals were associated with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors in eight studies (16.0%). Two epidemiological studies showed moderate/serious risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review contributes the first overview of the widespread presence and concentrations of bisphenols, PBs, and BPs in human breast milk, revealing geographical and temporal variations. The methodological heterogeneity of published studies underscores the need for well-conducted studies to assess the magnitude of exposure to these chemicals from human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Iribarne-Durán
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - F M Peinado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain
| | - C Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - F Artacho-Cordón
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - N Olea
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), E-18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Unidad de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, E-18016 Granada, Spain
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13
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Velarde MC, Chan AFO, Sajo MEJV, Zakharevich I, Melamed J, Uy GLB, Teves JMY, Corachea AJM, Valparaiso AP, Macalindong SS, Cabaluna ND, Dofitas RB, Giudice LC, Gerona RR. Elevated levels of perfluoroalkyl substances in breast cancer patients within the Greater Manila Area. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131545. [PMID: 34293563 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported exposure of humans to various endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) worldwide. However, there is a lack of data regarding EDC exposures in humans living in Southeast Asian countries, such as the Philippines. Hence, this study measured levels of 41 EDCs in women residing in the Greater Manila Area, home to the second largest city in Southeast Asia. Urine samples from women with versus without breast cancer were analyzed for 11 phthalate metabolites, 8 environmental phenols, and 10 bisphenols, while serum samples were analyzed for 12 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Out of the four groups of EDCs analyzed, PFAS were significantly associated with breast cancer (adjusted OR = 13.63, 95% CI: 3.24-94.88 p-trend = 0.001 for PFDoA; adjusted OR = 9.26, 95% CI 2.54-45.10, p-trend = 0.002 for PFDA; and adjusted OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 0.95-7.66, p-trend = 0.004 for PFHxA). Long-chain PFAS levels were positively correlated with age and were significantly higher in women from Region IV-A, a heavily industrialized region, than from the National Capital Region. Overall, this study showed baseline information regarding the level of EDCs in Filipinas, providing a glimpse of EDC exposure in women living in a megalopolis city in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Velarde
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Alison Faye O Chan
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Ma Easter Joy V Sajo
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines; Department of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Baguio, Baguio City, Philippines
| | - Igor Zakharevich
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Melamed
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gemma Leonora B Uy
- Department of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Joji Marie Y Teves
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Allen Joy M Corachea
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Apple P Valparaiso
- Department of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Shiela S Macalindong
- Department of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Nelson D Cabaluna
- Department of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Rodney B Dofitas
- Department of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Roy R Gerona
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Analysis and Quantification of Alkyl (C12-22) Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride Content in Cosmetics: Regulatory Compliance Gap Analysis. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exceeding the recommended Alkyl (C12-22) trimethyl ammonium bromide and chloride levels in cosmetics and personal care products is a serious health threat. Objectives: To quantify and investigate Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride in cosmetics and personal care products in the UAE market to gauge whether or not they adhered to requirements for safety and health. Methods: A total of 164 cosmetics products were collected and analyzed in this study. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride surfactants in cosmetics products. With each product, Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride (%) were calculated. To test cross-group differences in Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride (%), Kruskal–Wallis test was applied. Results: Of the 125 tested cosmetics and personal care products, five (4%) exceeded the recommended Cetrimonium chloride level in rinse-off hair products (2.5%), 10 (8%) exceeded the recommended Cetrimonium chloride level in leave-on hair products (1%), and 24 (61.5%) exceeded the recommended Cetrimonium chloride level used as a preservative in cosmetics products. Moreover, of the 125 tested cosmetics and personal care products, 21 (53.8%) exceeded the recommended Behentrimonium chloride level used as preservatives in cosmetics products. Conclusions: Although several structures for cosmetics quality and control across the globe are fairly comprehensive and intricate, there is a need to make them more rigorous to apply compliance with GMP and ensure regulatory control. Doing so would help enhance the inspection and regulation of cosmetics containing Behentrimonium chloride/Cetrimonium chloride preservatives. Furthermore, there is a dire need to establish a unified cosmetovigilance worldwide.
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Martín-Pozo L, Gómez-Regalado MDC, Moscoso-Ruiz I, Zafra-Gómez A. Analytical methods for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals in cosmetics and personal care products: A review. Talanta 2021; 234:122642. [PMID: 34364451 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) and cosmetics are indispensable product in our daily routine. Their widespread use makes them a potential route of exposure for certain contaminants to which human would not be normally exposed. One of these contaminants includes endocrine disrupting chemicals, molecules capable of mimicking the body's natural hormones and interfering with the endocrine system. Some of them are ingredients included in the product's formulation, such as UV-filters (sunscreens), phthalates (plasticizers and preservatives), synthetic musks (fragrances), parabens and other antimicrobial agents (antimicrobial preservatives). Others are non-intended added substances that may result from the manufacturing process or migration from the plastic packaging, as with bisphenols and perfluorinated compounds. Some of these endocrine disruptors have been restricted or even banned in cosmetics and PCPs given the high risk they pose to health. Thus, the development of fast, sensitive and precise methods for the identification and quantification of these compounds in cosmetics is a substantial need in order to ensure consumer safety and provide insight into the real risk of human exposure. The present work aims at reviewing the more recently developed analytical methods published in the literature for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals in cosmetics and PCPs using chromatographic techniques, with a focus on sample treatment and the quality of analytical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martín-Pozo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Inmaculada Moscoso-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, E-18016, Granada, Spain.
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16
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Navarro-Tapia E, Serra-Delgado M, Fernández-López L, Meseguer-Gilabert M, Falcón M, Sebastiani G, Sailer S, Garcia-Algar O, Andreu-Fernández V. Toxic Elements in Traditional Kohl-Based Eye Cosmetics in Spanish and German Markets. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6109. [PMID: 34198922 PMCID: PMC8201171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kohl is a traditional cosmetic widely used in Asia and Africa. In recent years, demand for kohl-based eyelids and lipsticks has increased in Europe, linked to migratory phenomena of populations from these continents. Although the European legislation prohibits the use of heavy metals in cosmetics due to the harmful effects to human health, particularly to pregnant women and children, these elements are still present in certain products. The European Union recommended levels are Pb < 20 ppm, As < 5 ppm, Cd < 5 ppm, Sb < 100 ppm, and Ni < 200 ppm. In Germany, levels are more restrictive: Pb < 2 ppm, As < 0.5 ppm, Cd < 0.1 ppm, Sb < 0.5 ppm, and Ni < 10 ppm. Here, we analyzed 12 kohl-based cosmetics in different presentations (powder, paste, and pencil) that were purchased in Spanish and German local shops. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer was used to identify toxic elements and heavy metals. Levels of Pb ranged between 1.7 and 410,000 ppm in six of the study samples, four of which had levels above the recommended limit of at least two heavy metals. Arsenic (a carcinogenic element) values were within the range allowed by the EU in only 58% of the studied samples. Moreover, two products doubled this limit, reaching levels of 9.2 and 12.6 ppm. In one of the products, cadmium, related to toxic keratitis, was four times higher (20.7 ppm) than that allowed, while in two other products, these limits were doubled (11.8 and 12.7 ppm). Our results indicate the need to supervise the manufacture of kohl-based traditional products and the analysis of their composition prior distribution in European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Navarro-Tapia
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.N.-T.); (G.S.); (S.S.); (O.G.-A.)
- Department of Health, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Maternal & Child Health and Development Research Network-Red SAMID Health Research, Programa RETICS, Health Research Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mariona Serra-Delgado
- Maternal & Child Health and Development Research Network-Red SAMID Health Research, Programa RETICS, Health Research Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Lucía Fernández-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (L.F.-L.); (M.M.-G.); (M.F.)
| | - Montserrat Meseguer-Gilabert
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (L.F.-L.); (M.M.-G.); (M.F.)
| | - María Falcón
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (L.F.-L.); (M.M.-G.); (M.F.)
| | - Giorgia Sebastiani
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.N.-T.); (G.S.); (S.S.); (O.G.-A.)
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (BCNatal), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Sailer
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.N.-T.); (G.S.); (S.S.); (O.G.-A.)
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (BCNatal), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Garcia-Algar
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.N.-T.); (G.S.); (S.S.); (O.G.-A.)
- Maternal & Child Health and Development Research Network-Red SAMID Health Research, Programa RETICS, Health Research Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (BCNatal), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- Grup de Recerca Infancia i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.N.-T.); (G.S.); (S.S.); (O.G.-A.)
- Department of Health, Valencian International University (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
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Rotimi OA, Olawole TD, De Campos OC, Adelani IB, Rotimi SO. Bisphenol A in Africa: A review of environmental and biological levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142854. [PMID: 33097272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic ubiquitous environmental toxicant present in many industrial and consumer products. BPA is recognized as an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), and its mechanisms of perturbation of the physiological process include interference with hormone pathways and epigenetic modifications. An increase in industrial productions and food packaging across Africa has resulted in increased utilization of BPA-containing products with a concomitant increase in environmental bioaccumulation and human exposure. In order to assess the extent of this bioaccumulation, we identified, collated, and summarized the levels of BPA that have been reported across Africa. To achieve this aim, we performed a systematic search of four indexing databases to identify articles and extracted the necessary data from the selected articles. Of the 42 publications we retrieved, 42% were on water samples, 22% on food, 20% on human biological fluids, 10% on sediments, soils, and sludge and 6% on consumer and personal care products (PCPs). The highest level of BPA reported in literature across Africa was 251 ng/mL, 384.8 ng/mL, 937.49 ng/g, 208.55 ng/mL, 3,590 μg/g, and 154,820 μg/g for water, wastewater, food, biological fluids, consumer and PCPs, and semisolids, respectively. This review presented a comparative perspective of these levels relative to regulatory limits and levels reported from other continents. Finally, this review highlighted critical needs for the regulation of BPA across Africa in order to stem its environmental and toxicological impact. We hope that this review will stimulate further research in understanding the impact of BPA on health outcomes and wellbeing across Africa.
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Barbaud A, Lafforgue C. Risks associated with cosmetic ingredients. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2021; 148:77-93. [PMID: 33642039 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The media and social networks often echo fears about the potential toxicity of cosmetics and the dangers they pose to the environment. Dermatologists may be asked about these topics, but despite regulatory labelling constraints and the proliferation of specialized sites and applications, they do not always have access to reliable information. It is for this reason that we are providing the present overview of current knowledge on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barbaud
- Sorbonne université, INSERM, institut Pierre-Louis d'Epidemiologie et de santé publique, AP-HP, Sorbonne université, hopital Tenon, service de dermatologie et allergologie, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
| | - C Lafforgue
- Unité de dermopharmacologie et cosmétologie, faculté de pharmacie, université Paris sud - Paris Saclay, 5, rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry cedex, France
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19
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Mughees M, Chugh H, Wajid S. Mechanism of phthalate esters in the progression and development of breast cancer. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1021-1025. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1802480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mughees
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu Chugh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Grau J, Benedé JL, Chisvert A. Use of Nanomaterial-Based (Micro)Extraction Techniques for the Determination of Cosmetic-Related Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112586. [PMID: 32498443 PMCID: PMC7321223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The high consumer demand for cosmetic products has caused the authorities and the industry to require rigorous analytical controls to assure their safety and efficacy. Thus, the determination of prohibited compounds that could be present at trace level due to unintended causes is increasingly important. Furthermore, some cosmetic ingredients can be percutaneously absorbed, further metabolized and eventually excreted or bioaccumulated. Either the parent compound and/or their metabolites can cause adverse health effects even at trace level. Moreover, due to the increasing use of cosmetics, some of their ingredients have reached the environment, where they are accumulated causing harmful effects in the flora and fauna at trace levels. To this regard, the development of sensitive analytical methods to determine these cosmetic-related compounds either for cosmetic control, for percutaneous absorption studies or for environmental surveillance monitoring is of high interest. In this sense, (micro)extraction techniques based on nanomaterials as extraction phase have attracted attention during the last years, since they allow to reach the desired selectivity. The aim of this review is to provide a compilation of those nanomaterial-based (micro)extraction techniques for the determination of cosmetic-related compounds in cosmetic, biological and/or environmental samples spanning from the first attempt in 2010 to the present.
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21
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Farounbi AI, Ngqwala NP. Occurrence of selected endocrine disrupting compounds in the eastern cape province of South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:17268-17279. [PMID: 32152855 PMCID: PMC7192885 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds are attracting attention worldwide because of their effects on living things in the environment. Ten endocrine disrupting compounds: 4-nonylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, estrone, 17β-estradiol, bisphenol A, 4-tert-octylphenol, triclosan, atrazine, imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole were investigated in four rivers and wastewater treatment plants in this study. Rivers were sampled at upstream, midstream and downstream reaches, while the influent and effluent samples of wastewater were collected from treatment plants near the receiving rivers. Sample waters were freeze-dried followed by extraction of the organic content and purification by solid-phase extraction. Concentrations of the compounds in the samples were determined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The instrument was operated in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. The results showed that these compounds are present in the samples with nonylphenol > dichlorophenol > bisphenol A > triclosan > octylphenol > imidazole > atrazine > triazole > estrone > estradiol. Nonylphenol has its highest concentration of 6.72 μg/L in King Williams Town wastewater influent and 2.55 μg/L in midstream Bloukrans River. Dichlorophenol has its highest concentration in Alice wastewater influent with 2.20 μg/L, while it was 0.737 μg/L in midstream Bloukrans River. Uitenhage wastewater effluent has bisphenol A concentration of 1.684 μg/L while it was 0.477 μg/L in the downstream samples of the Bloukrans River. Generally, the upstream samples of the rivers had lesser concentrations of the compounds. The wastewater treatment plants were not able to achieve total removal of the compounds in the wastewater while runoffs and wastes dump from the cities contributed to the concentrations of the compounds in the rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebayo I. Farounbi
- Environmental Health and Biotechnology Research Group, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140 South Africa
| | - Nosiphiwe P. Ngqwala
- Environmental Health and Biotechnology Research Group, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140 South Africa
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Iribarne-Durán LM, Domingo-Piñar S, Peinado FM, Vela-Soria F, Jiménez-Díaz I, Barranco E, Olea N, Freire C, Artacho-Cordón F, Ocón-Hernández O. Menstrual blood concentrations of parabens and benzophenones and related factors in a sample of Spanish women: An exploratory study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109228. [PMID: 32062483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate concentrations of parabens (PBs) and benzophenones (BzPs) in menstrual blood and explore related sociodemographic/lifestyle factors, and to compare between menstrual and peripheral blood concentrations in a subset of samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS Concentrations of 4 PBs [methyl- (MeP), ethyl- (EtP), propyl- (PrP) and butyl-paraben (BuP)] and 6 BzPs [BzP-1, BzP-2, BzP-3, BzP-6, BzP-8 and 4-OH-BzP] were determined in menstrual blood from 57 women and in both menstrual and peripheral blood samples from 12 women, all healthy Spanish women of reproductive age. Socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits [diet and use of cosmetics and personal care products (PCPs)] were gathered using an online questionnaire. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between menstrual and peripheral blood concentrations, while multivariable linear regression was used to identify potential explanatory variables for menstrual PB and BzP concentrations. RESULTS Globally, all menstrual blood samples had detectable levels of ≥3 compounds, and 52.6% of the samples contained ≥6 compounds. MeP, PrP, and BzP-3 were the most frequently detected compounds (detection frequencies >90.0%), with median concentrations of 1.41, 0.63, and 1.70 ng/mL of menstrual blood, respectively. Age, the use of PCPs, and consumption of some food items (meat, pasta, cheese, or dairy products) were related to the menstrual blood concentrations of some PBs/BzPs. Serum:menstrual blood ratios of PBs/BzPs ranged from 1.7 to 3.6, with no inter-matrix correlations. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals, to our knowledge for the first time, the widespread presence of several PBs and BzPs in intimate contact with gynecological tissues, although their concentrations in menstrual blood were not correlated with those in peripheral blood from the same women. These results shed light on the information provided by the menstrual blood as a potential matrix for characterizing exposure to PBs and BzPs, whose consequences for women's reproductive health need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Iribarne-Durán
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, Granada, Spain
| | - S Domingo-Piñar
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service. Hospital of Guadix, Granada, Spain
| | - F M Peinado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, Granada, Spain
| | - F Vela-Soria
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
| | - I Jiménez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - E Barranco
- University of Granada, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Granada, Spain
| | - N Olea
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - C Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - F Artacho-Cordón
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - O Ocón-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; Obstetrics and Gynecology Service. San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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Ramos CDO, Macedo DB, Bachega TASS, Nascimento ML, Madureira G, Latronico AC, Brito VN, de Mendonca BB. Premature Pubarche due to Exogenous Testosterone Gel or Intense Diaper Rash Prevention Cream Use: A Case Series. Horm Res Paediatr 2020; 91:411-415. [PMID: 30677757 DOI: 10.1159/000495664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Premature pubarche is associated with conditions such as virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-secreting tumors, and exogenous exposure to androgen products. We describe the clinical and hormonal features of a series of children who were referred to endocrine evaluation due to premature pubarche. METHODS This is a retrospective case series study of 14 children with premature pubarche and/or virilization. Five were unintentionally exposed to testosterone gel (parental use). Nine patients were intensely exposed to diaper rash prevention creams. Clinical and laboratory data were revised. RESULTS Moderate to severe virilization was detected in the 5 patients (2 boys and 3 girls) who were exposed to testosterone gel. These patients had pubic hair development associated with clitoromegaly (3/3), penile enlargement (2/2), and accelerated growth (5/5). Testosterone levels were elevated in 4/5 patients associated with normal prepubertal gonadotropin levels and adrenal androgen precursors. The 9 children who were intensely exposed to diaper rash prevention creams had mild pubarche (intermediate hair) without any other clinical manifestation of pubertal development. Three of them exhibited pubic hair thinning after cream withdrawal. CONCLUSION Unintentional topical androgen exposure or the intense use of diaper rash prevention cream should be ruled out in children with precocious pubarche and/or virilization signs to avoid misdiagnosis and expendable investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de Oliveira Ramos
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Delanie Bulcão Macedo
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Aparecida Sartori Sanchez Bachega
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guiomar Madureira
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Latronico
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Nahime Brito
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Berenice Bilharinho de Mendonca
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lima MF, Pacheco WF, Cassella RJ. Evaluation of a semi-permeable membrane device (SPMD) for passive sampling of solar filters from swimming pool waters and determination by HPLC-DAD. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1600:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Priyam A, Singh PP, Gehlout S. Role of Endocrine-Disrupting Engineered Nanomaterials in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:704. [PMID: 30542324 PMCID: PMC6277880 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has enabled the development of innovative technologies and products for several industrial sectors. Their unique physicochemical and size-dependent properties make the engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) superior for devising solutions for various research and development sectors, which are otherwise unachievable by their bulk forms. However, the remarkable advantages mediated by ENMs and their applications have also raised concerns regarding their possible toxicological impacts on human health. The actual issue stems from the absence of systematic data on ENM exposure-mediated health hazards. In this direction, a comprehensive exploration on the health-related consequences, especially with respect to endocrine disruption-related metabolic disorders, is largely lacking. The reasons for the rapid increase in diabetes and obesity in the modern world remain largely unclear, and epidemiological studies indicate that the increased presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment may influence the incidence of metabolic diseases. Functional similarities, such as mimicking natural hormonal actions, have been observed between the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and ENMs, which supports the view that different types of NMs may be capable of altering the physiological activity of the endocrine system. Disruption of the endocrine system leads to hormonal imbalance, which may influence the development and pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Evidence from many in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies, suggests that ENMs generally exert deleterious effects on the molecular/hormonal pathways and the organ systems involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM. However, the available data from several such studies are not congruent, especially because of discrepancies in study design, and therefore need to be carefully examined before drawing meaningful inferences. In this review, we discuss the outcomes of ENM exposure in correlation with the development of T2DM. In particular, the review focuses on the following sub-topics: (1) an overview of the sources of human exposure to NMs, (2) systems involved in the uptake of ENMs into human body, (3) endocrine disrupting engineered nanomaterials (EDENMs) and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of T2DM, (4) evidence of the role of EDENMs in the pathogenesis of T2DM from in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies, and (5) conclusions and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pushplata Prasad Singh
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
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26
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Abstract
Endocrine disruption has been gathering increasing attention in the past 25 years as a possible new threat for health and safety. Exposure to endocrine disruptor has been progressively linked with a growing number of increasing disease in the human population. The mechanics through which endocrine disruptors act are not yet completely clear, however a number of pathways have been identified. A key concern is the cumulative and synergic effects that endocrine disruptors could have when mixed in consumer products. We reviewed the available literature to identify known or potential endocrine disruptors, as well as endocrine active substances that could contribute to cumulative effects, in topical consumer products. The number of endocrine actives used daily in consumer products is staggering and even though most if not all are used in concentrations that are considered to be safe, we believe that the possibility of combined effects in mixtures and non-monotonic dose/response is enough to require further precautions. A combined in vitro approach based on existing, validated OECD test methods is suggested to screen consumer products and mixtures for potential interaction with estrogen and androgen hormone receptors, in order to identify products that could have cumulative effects or support their safety concerning direct endocrine disruption capabilities.
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Mudumbi JBN, Ntwampe SKO, Mekuto L, Matsha T, Itoba-Tombo EF. The role of pollutants in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their prospective impact on phytomedicinal treatment strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:262. [PMID: 29610974 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes and it is characterized by high blood sugar and abnormal sera lipid levels. Although the specific reasons for the development of these abnormalities are still not well understood, traditionally, genetic and lifestyle behavior have been reported as the leading causes of this disease. In the last three decades, the number of diabetic patients has drastically increased worldwide, with current statistics suggesting the number is to double in the next two decades. To combat this incurable ailment, orthodox medicines, to which economically disadvantaged patients have minimal access to, have been used. Thus, a considerable amalgamation of medicinal plants has recently been proven to possess therapeutic capabilities to manage T2DM, and this has prompted studies primarily focusing on the healing aspect of these plants, and ultimately, their commercialization. Hence, this review aims to highlight the potential threat of pollutants, i.e., polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and heavy metals, to medicinal plants, and their prospective impact on the phytomedicinal therapy strategies for T2DM. It is further suggested that auxiliary research be undertaken to better comprehend the factors that influence the uptake of these compounds by these plants. This should include a comprehensive risk assessment of phytomedicinal products destined for the treatment of T2DM. Regulations that control the use of PFC-precursors in certain developing countries are also long overdue.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Baptist Nzukizi Mudumbi
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
| | - Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Lukhanyo Mekuto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2028, South Africa
| | - Tandi Matsha
- Department of Bio-Medical sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Elie Fereche Itoba-Tombo
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Department of Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
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McDonald JA, Tehranifar P, Flom JD, Terry MB, James-Todd T. Hair product use, age at menarche and mammographic breast density in multiethnic urban women. Environ Health 2018; 17:1. [PMID: 29301538 PMCID: PMC5753455 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Select hair products contain endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that may affect breast cancer risk. We hypothesize that, if EDCs are related to breast cancer risk, then they may also affect two important breast cancer risk factors: age at menarche and mammographic breast density. METHODS In two urban female cohorts (N = 248): 1) the New York site of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project and 2) the New York City Multiethnic Breast Cancer Project, we measured childhood and adult use of hair oils, lotions, leave-in conditioners, root stimulators, perms/relaxers, and hair dyes using the same validated questionnaire. We used multivariable relative risk regression models to examine the association between childhood hair product use and early age at menarche (defined as <11 years of age) and multivariable linear regression models to examine the association between childhood and adult hair product use and adult mammographic breast density. RESULTS Early menarche was associated with ever use of childhood hair products (RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1, 4.8) and hair oil use (RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2, 5.2); however, additional adjustment for race/ethnicity, attenuated associations (hair products RR 1.8, 95% CI 0.8, 4.1; hair oil use RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0, 5.5). Breast density was not associated with adult or childhood hair product or hair oil use. CONCLUSIONS If confirmed in larger prospective studies, these data suggest that exposure to EDCs through hair products in early life may affect breast cancer risk by altering timing of menarche, and may operate through a mechanism distinct from breast density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A. McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Parisa Tehranifar
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Julie D. Flom
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Tamarra James-Todd
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Bldg. 1, 14th Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Oh HH, Park H, Kim DH, Son BC, Lee CK, Kim K, Ryu JY. The relationship between urinary BTEX metabolites and residence setting among Korean homemakers: the first Korea National Environmental Health Survey (2009–2011). Ann Occup Environ Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40557-017-0189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Barrea L, Savastano S, Di Somma C, Savanelli MC, Nappi F, Albanese L, Orio F, Colao A. Low serum vitamin D-status, air pollution and obesity: A dangerous liaison. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2017; 18:207-214. [PMID: 27645613 PMCID: PMC5486902 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the possible associations among the vitamin D status, air pollution and obesity. Sunlight exposure accounts in humans for more than 90 % of the production of vitamin D. Among emerging factors influencing sunlight-induced synthesis of vitamin D, prospective and observational studies proved that air pollution constitutes an independent risk factor in the pathogenesis of vitamin D hypovitaminosis. In addition, environmental pollutants can affect risk of obesity when inhaled, in combination with unhealthy diet and lifestyle. In turn, obesity is closely associated with a low vitamin D status and many possible mechanisms have been proposed to explain this association. The associations of air pollution with low vitamin D status on the hand and with obesity on the other hand, could provide a rationale for considering obesity as a further link between air pollution and low vitamin D status. In this respect, a vicious cycle could operate among low vitamin D status, air pollution, and obesity, with additive detrimental effects on cardio-metabolic risk in obese individuals. Besides vitamin D supplementation, nutrient combination, used to maximize the protective effects against air pollution, might also contribute to improve the vitamin D status by attenuating the "obesogen" effects of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- I. O.S. & COLEMAN Srl, 80011 Acerra, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lidia Albanese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Orio
- Department of Sports Science and Wellness, “Parthenope” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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31
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Lawler J. Incorporation of Graphene-Related Carbon Nanosheets in Membrane Fabrication for Water Treatment: A Review. MEMBRANES 2016; 6:membranes6040057. [PMID: 27999364 PMCID: PMC5192413 DOI: 10.3390/membranes6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The minimization of the trade-off between the flux and the selectivity of membranes is a key area that researchers are continually working to optimise, particularly in the area of fabrication of novel membranes. Flux versus selectivity issues apply in many industrial applications of membranes, for example the unwanted diffusion of methanol in fuel cells, retention of valuable proteins in downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals, rejection of organic matter and micro-organisms in water treatment, or salt permeation in desalination. The incorporation of nanosheets within membrane structures can potentially lead to enhancements in such properties as the antifouling ability, hydrophilicy and permeability of membranes, with concomitant improvements in the flux/selectivity balance. Graphene nanosheets and derivatives such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide have been investigated for this purpose, for example inclusion of nanosheets within the active layer of Reverse Osmosis or Nanofiltration membranes or the blending of nanosheets as fillers within Ultrafiltration membranes. This review summarizes the incorporation of graphene derivatives into polymeric membranes for water treatment with a focus on a number of industrial applications, including desalination and pharmaceutical removal, where enhancement of productivity and reduction in fouling characteristics have been afforded by appropriate incorporation of graphene derived nanosheets during membrane fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lawler
- School of Biotechnology and DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Karimi K, Lindgren TH, Koch CA, Brodell RT. Obesity as a risk factor for malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2016; 17:389-403. [PMID: 27832418 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dramatic increases in incidence of both obesity and many cancers including skin cancer emphasize the need to better understand the pathophysiology of both conditions and their connections. Melanoma is considered the fastest growing cancer and rates of non-melanoma skin cancer have also increased over the last decade. The molecular mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and skin cancer are not clearly understood but emerging evidence points to changes in the tumor microenvironment including aberrant cell signaling and genomic instability in the chronic inflammatory state many obese individuals experience. This article reviews the literature linking obesity to melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karimi
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - T H Lindgren
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - C A Koch
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Robert T Brodell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous compounds that have the ability to disrupt the production and actions of hormones through direct or indirect interaction with hormone receptors, thus acting as agonists or antagonists. Human health is affected after either individual occupation or dietary and environmental exposure to EDCs. On the other hand, skin is one of the largest organs of the body and its main function is protection from noxious substances. EDCs perturb the endocrine system, and they are also carcinogenic, immunotoxic, and hepatotoxic to human skin. In addition, their effects on keratinocytes, melanocytes, sebocytes, inflammatory and immunological cells, and skin stem cells produce inflammatory and allergic skin diseases, chloracne, disorders of skin pigmentation, skin cancer, and skin aging. Mechanisms, which EDCs use to induce these skin disorders are complicated, and involve the interference of endogenous hormones and most importantly the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signal pathway. Further studies on EDCs and skin diseases are necessary to elucidate these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ju
- Department of Dermatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Germany.
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