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Bhowmik S, Baral B, Rit T, Jha HC, Das AK. Design and synthesis of a nucleobase functionalized peptide hydrogel: in vitro assessment of anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13613-13626. [PMID: 38958597 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Over the past several years, a significant increase in the expanding field of biomaterial sciences has been observed due to the development of biocompatible materials based on peptide derivatives that have intrinsic therapeutic potential. In this report, we synthesized nucleobase functionalized peptide derivatives (NPs). Hydrogelation in the synthesized NPs was induced by increasing their hydrophobicity with an aromatic moiety. The aggregation behavior of the NPs was analyzed by performing molecular dynamics simulations and DOSY NMR experiments. We performed circular dichroism (CD), thioflavin-T binding and PXRD to characterize the supramolecular aggregation in the NP1 hydrogel. The mechanical strength of the NP1 hydrogel was tested by performing rheological experiments. TEM and SEM experiments were performed to investigate the morphology of the NP1 hydrogel. The biocompatibility of the newly synthesized NP1 hydrogel was investigated using McCoy and A549 cell lines. The hemolytic activity of the NP1 hydrogel was examined in human blood cells. The stability of the newly formed NP1 hydrogel was examined using proteinase K and α-chymotrypsin. The NP1 hydrogel was used for in vitro wound healing. Western blotting, qRT-PCR and DCFDA assay were performed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the NP1 hydrogel. The synthesized NP1 hydrogel also exhibits antibacterial efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India.
| | - Budhadev Baral
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Tanmay Rit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India.
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, India
| | - Apurba K Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India.
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Wu D, Zhao P, Wang C, Huasai S, Chen H, Chen A. Differences in the intestinal microbiota and association of host metabolism with hair coat status in cattle. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1296602. [PMID: 38711970 PMCID: PMC11071169 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1296602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hair coat status of cattle serves as an easily observed indicator of economic value in livestock production; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to determine differences in the intestinal microbiota and metabolome of cattle based on a division of with either slick and shining (SHC) or rough and dull (MHC) hair coat in Simmental cows. Methods Eight SHC and eight MHC late-pregnancy Simmental cows (with similar parities, body weights, and body conditions) were selected based on their hair coat status, and blood samples (plasma) from coccygeal venipuncture and fecal samples from the rectum were collected. The intestinal microbiota (in the fecal samples) was characterized by employing 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable region on the Illumina MiSeq PE300 platform, and plasma samples were subjected to LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics with Progenesis QI 2.3. Plasma macromolecular metabolites were examined for differences in the metabolism of lipids, proteins, mineral elements, and hormones. Results Notable differences between the SHC and MHC groups related to host hair coat status were observed in the host metabolome and intestinal microbiota (P < 0.05). The host metabolome was enriched in histidine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and purine metabolism in the SHC group, and the intestinal microbiota were also enriched in histidine metabolism (P < 0.05). In the MHC group, the symbiotic relationship transitioned from cooperation to competition in the MHC group, and an uncoupling effect was present in the microbe-metabolite association of intestine microbiota-host interactions. The hubs mediating the relationships between intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolites were the intestinal bacterial genus g__norank_f__Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, plasma inosine, triiodothyronine, and phosphorus, which could be used to differentiate cows' hair coat status (P < 0.05). Conclusion Overall, the present study identified the relationships between the features of the intestinal microbiota and host hair coat status, thereby providing evidence and a new direction (intestine microbiota-host interplay) for future studies aimed at understanding the hair coat status of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Wu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Simujide Huasai
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Aorigele Chen
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Mendes I, Vale N. Overcoming Microbiome-Acquired Gemcitabine Resistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Biomedicines 2024; 12:227. [PMID: 38275398 PMCID: PMC10813061 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) are one of the most recurrent diseases in the world. Among all GICs, pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest and continues to disrupt people's lives worldwide. The most frequent pancreatic cancer type is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), representing 90 to 95% of all pancreatic malignancies. PC is one of the cancers with the worst prognoses due to its non-specific symptoms that lead to a late diagnosis, but also due to the high resistance it develops to anticancer drugs. Gemcitabine is a standard treatment option for PDAC, however, resistance to this anticancer drug develops very fast. The microbiome was recently classified as a cancer hallmark and has emerged in several studies detailing how it promotes drug resistance. However, this area of study still has seen very little development, and more answers will help in developing personalized medicine. PC is one of the cancers with the highest mortality rates; therefore, it is crucial to explore how the microbiome may mold the response to reference drugs used in PDAC, such as gemcitabine. In this article, we provide a review of what has already been investigated regarding the impact that the microbiome has on the development of PDAC in terms of its effect on the gemcitabine pathway, which may influence the response to gemcitabine. Therapeutic advances in this type of GIC could bring innovative solutions and more effective therapeutic strategies for other types of GIC, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), due to its close relation with the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mendes
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Edifício de Geociências, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Jackson EK, Tofovic SP, Chen Y, Birder LA. 8-Aminopurines in the Cardiovascular and Renal Systems and Beyond. Hypertension 2023; 80:2265-2279. [PMID: 37503660 PMCID: PMC10592300 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Screening of compounds comprising 8-substituted guanine revealed that 8-aminoguanosine and 8-aminoguanine cause diuresis/natriuresis/glucosuria, yet decrease potassium excretion. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that 8-aminoguanosine's effects are mediated by its metabolite 8-aminoguanine. The mechanism by which 8-aminoguanine causes diuresis/natriuresis/glucosuria involves inhibition of PNPase (purine nucleoside phosphorylase), which increases renal interstitial inosine levels. Additional evidence suggests that inosine, via indirect or direct adenosine A2B receptor activation, increases renal medullary blood flow which enhances renal excretory function. Likely, 8-aminoguanine has pleiotropic actions that also alter renal excretory function. Indeed, the antikaliuretic effects of 8-aminoguanine are independent of PNPase inhibition. 8-Aminoguanine is an endogenous molecule; nitrosative stress leads to production of biomolecules containing 8-nitroguanine moieties. Degradation of these biomolecules releases 8-nitroguanosine and 8-nitro-2'-deoxyguanosine which are converted to 8-aminoguanine. Also, guanosine and guanine per se may contribute to 8-aminoguanine formation. 8-Aminoinosine, 8-aminohypoxanthine, and 8-aminoxanthine likewise induce diuresis/natriuresis/glucosuria, yet do not reduce potassium excretion. Thus, there are several pharmacologically active 8-aminopurines with nuanced effects on renal excretory function. Chronic treatment with 8-aminoguanine attenuates hypertension in deoxycorticosterone/salt rats, prevents strokes, and increases lifespan in Dahl salt-sensitive rats on a high salt diet and attenuates the metabolic syndrome in rats; 8-aminoguanosine retards progression of pulmonary hypertension in rats and anemia and organ damage in sickle cell mice. 8-Aminoguanine reverses age-associated lower urinary tract dysfunction and retinal degeneration. 8-Aminopurines represent a new class of agents (and potentially endogenous factors) that have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and kidneys and may turn back the clock in age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin K. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Stevan P. Tofovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
| | - Lori A. Birder
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219
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5
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Yang D, Zhou H, Pu J, Liu Y, Gui S, Wang D, Tao X, Li Z, Zhong X, Tao W, Chen W, Chen X, Chen Y, Chen X, Xie P. Integrated pathway and network analyses of metabolomic alterations in peripheral blood of patients with depression. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2199-2209. [PMID: 37300637 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a serious mental illness, but the molecular mechanisms of depression remain unclear. Previous research has reported metabolomic changes in the blood of patients with depression, while integrated analysis based on these altered metabolites was still lacking. The objective of this study was to integrate metabolomic changes to reveal the underlying molecular alternations of depression. We retrieved altered metabolites in the blood of patients with depression from the MENDA database. Pathway analysis was conducted to explore enriched pathways based on candidate metabolites. Pathway crosstalk analysis was performed to explore potential correlations of these enriched pathways, based on their shared candidate metabolites. Moreover, potential interactions of candidate metabolites with other biomolecules such as proteins were assessed by network analysis. A total of 854 differential metabolite entries were retrieved in peripheral blood of patients with depression, including 555 unique candidate metabolites. Pathway analysis identified 215 significantly enriched pathways, then pathway crosstalk analysis revealed that these pathways were clustered into four modules, including amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, energy metabolism and others. Additionally, eight molecular networks were identified in the molecular network analysis. The main functions of these networks involved amino acid metabolism, molecular transport, inflammatory responses and others. Based on integrated analysis, our study revealed pathway-based modules and molecular networks associated with depression. These results will contribute to the underlying knowledge of the molecular mechanisms in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haipeng Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Siwen Gui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiangkun Tao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhuocan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wei Tao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yue Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
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Manda-Handzlik A, Cieloch A, Kuźmicka W, Mroczek A, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Demkow U, Wachowska M. Secretomes of M1 and M2 macrophages decrease the release of neutrophil extracellular traps. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15633. [PMID: 37730741 PMCID: PMC10511515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can be either beneficial or detrimental for the host, thus it is necessary to maintain a balance between formation and clearance of NETs. Multiple physiological factors eliciting NET release have been identified, yet the studies on natural signals limiting NET formation have been scarce. Accordingly, our aim was to analyze whether cytokines or immune cells can inhibit NET formation. To that end, human granulocytes were incubated with interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor beta-2 or adenosine and then stimulated to release NETs. Additionally, neutrophils were cultured in the presence of natural killer (NK) cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory macrophages (M1 or M2 macrophages), or in the presence of NK/Tregs/M1 macrophages or M2 macrophages-conditioned medium and subsequently stimulated to release NETs. Our studies showed that secretome of M1 and M2 macrophages, but not of NK cells and Tregs, diminishes NET formation. Co-culture experiments did not reveal any effect of immune cells on NET release. No effect of cytokines or adenosine on NET release was found. This study highlights the importance of paracrine signaling at the site of infection and is the first to show that macrophage secretome can regulate NET formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Manda-Handzlik
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Adrianna Cieloch
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Kuźmicka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mroczek
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wachowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 63a Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
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Hsieh JC, Chuang ST, Hsu YT, Ho ST, Li KY, Chou SH, Chen MJ. In vitro ruminal fermentation and cow-to-mouse fecal transplantations verify the inter-relationship of microbiome and metabolome biomarkers: potential to promote health in dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1228086. [PMID: 37662996 PMCID: PMC10469932 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1228086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are differences in the gut microbiome and metabolome when the host undergoes different physical or pathological conditions. However, the inter-relationship of microbiome and metabolome biomarkers to potentially promote the health of dairy cows needs to be studied. Further, the development of next-generation probiotics for dairy cattle health promotion has not been demonstrated. Objective In the present study, we identified the microbiome and metabolome biomarkers associated with healthy cows. Methods We analyzed the relationships of the ruminal microorganism profile and metabolites between healthy and mastitis lactating dairy cows. The roles of bacterial biomarker were further verified by in vitro fermentation and cow-to-mouse fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Results Two species, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, and six rumen metabolites were positively correlated with healthy cows by Spearman's correlation analysis. Through in vitro ruminal fermentation, inoculating R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum showed the upregulation of the levels of putrescine, xanthurenic acid, and pyridoxal in the mastitis ruminal fluid, which confirmed the inter-relationships between these microbiota and metabolites associated with healthy cows. Further, we verified the role of R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum in promoting health by FMT. The administration of R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum reduced the death rate and recovered the bodyweight loss of germ-free mice caused by FMT mastitis feces. Discussion We provided evidence that the bacterial biomarkers alter downstream metabolites. This could indirectly indicate that the two bacterial biomarkers have the potential to be used as next-generation probiotics for dairy cattle, although it needs more evidence to support our hypothesis. Two species, R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum, with three metabolites, putrescine, xanthurenic acid, and pyridoxal, identified in the ruminal fluid, may point to a new health-promoting and disease-preventing approach for dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Te Chuang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Hsu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Tse Ho
- Department of Wood Based Materials and Design, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsuan Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Biotools Co. Ltd., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Di X, Hardardottir I, Freysdottir J, Wang D, Gustafson KR, Omarsdottir S, Molinski TF. Geobarrettin D, a Rare Herbipoline-Containing 6-Bromoindole Alkaloid from Geodia barretti. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072937. [PMID: 37049700 PMCID: PMC10095911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Geobarrettin D (1), a new bromoindole alkaloid, was isolated from the marine sponge Geodia barretti collected from Icelandic waters. Its structure was elucidated by 1D, and 2D NMR (including 1H-15N HSQC, 1H-15N HMBC spectra), as well as HRESIMS data. Geobarrettin D (1) is a new 6-bromoindole featuring an unusual purinium herbipoline moiety. Geobarrettin D (1) decreased secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12p40 by human monocyte derived dendritic cells, without affecting secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Thus, compound 1 shows anti-inflammatory activity.
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Zhao W, Huang Y, Cui N, Wang R, Xiao Z, Su X. Glucose oxidase as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters improves the immunity function, antioxidative status, and cecal microbiota environment in white-feathered broilers. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1100465. [PMID: 36937262 PMCID: PMC10020722 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of glucose oxidase (GOD) on broilers as a potential antibiotic substitute. A total of four hundred twenty 1-day-old male Cobb500 broilers were randomly assigned into five dietary treatments, each with six replicates (12 chicks per replicate). The treatments included two control groups (a basal diet and a basal diet with 50 mg/kg aureomycin) and three GOD-additive groups involving three different concentrations of GOD. Analysis after the t-test showed that, on day 21, the feed:gain ratio significantly decreased in the 1,200 U/kg GOD-supplied group (GOD1200) compared to the antibiotic group (Ant). The same effect was also observed in GOD1200 during days 22-42 and in the 600 U/kg GOD-supplied group (GOD600) when compared to the control group (Ctr). The serum tests indicated that, on day 21, the TGF-β cytokine was significantly decreased in both GOD600 and GOD1200 when compared with Ctr. A decrease in malondialdehyde and an increase in superoxide dismutase in GOD1200 were observed, which is similar to the effects seen in Ant. On day 42, the D-lactate and glutathione peroxidase activity changed remarkably in GOD1200 and surpassed Ant. Furthermore, GOD upregulated the expression of the jejunal barrier genes (MUC-2 and ZO-1) in two phases relative to Ctr. In the aureomycin-supplied group, the secretory immunoglobulin A significantly decreased in the jejunum at 42 days. Changes in microbial genera were also discovered in the cecum by sequencing 16S rRNA genes at 42 days. The biomarkers for GOD supplementation were identified as Colidextribacter, Oscillibacter, Flavonifractor, Oscillospira, and Shuttleworthia. Except for Shuttleworthia, all the abovementioned genera were n-butyrate producers known for imparting their various benefits to broilers. The PICRUSt prediction of microbial communities revealed 11 pathways that were enriched in both the control and GOD-supplied groups. GOD1200 accounted for an increased number of metabolic pathways, demonstrating their potential in aiding nutrient absorption and digestion. In conclusion, a diet containing GOD can be beneficial to broiler health, particularly at a GOD concentration of 1,200 U/kg. The improved feed conversion ratio, immunity, antioxidative capacity, and intestinal condition demonstrated that GOD could be a valuable alternative to antibiotics in broiler breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoou Su
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sameh M, Khalaf HM, Anwar AM, Osama A, Ahmed EA, Mahgoub S, Ezzeldin S, Tanios A, Alfishawy M, Said AF, Mohamed MS, Sayed AA, Magdeldin S. Integrated multiomics analysis to infer COVID-19 biological insights. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1802. [PMID: 36720931 PMCID: PMC9888750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Three years after the pandemic, we still have an imprecise comprehension of the pathogen landscape and we are left with an urgent need for early detection methods and effective therapy for severe COVID-19 patients. The implications of infection go beyond pulmonary damage since the virus hijacks the host's cellular machinery and consumes its resources. Here, we profiled the plasma proteome and metabolome of a cohort of 57 control and severe COVID-19 cases using high-resolution mass spectrometry. We analyzed their proteome and metabolome profiles with multiple depths and methodologies as conventional single omics analysis and other multi-omics integrative methods to obtain the most comprehensive method that portrays an in-depth molecular landscape of the disease. Our findings revealed that integrating the knowledge-based and statistical-based techniques (knowledge-statistical network) outperformed other methods not only on the pathway detection level but even on the number of features detected within pathways. The versatile usage of this approach could provide us with a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind any biological system and provide multi-dimensional therapeutic solutions by simultaneously targeting more than one pathogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Sameh
- Basic Research Department, Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357 (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Khalaf
- Intensive Care Unit, As-Salam International Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Mostafa Anwar
- Basic Research Department, Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357 (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Osama
- Basic Research Department, Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357 (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Ali Ahmed
- Basic Research Department, Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357 (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Sebaey Mahgoub
- Basic Research Department, Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357 (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shahd Ezzeldin
- Basic Research Department, Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357 (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anthony Tanios
- Basic Research Department, Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357 (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Alfishawy
- Infectious Diseases Consultants and Academic Researchers of Egypt (IDCARE), Cairo, Egypt
- Alazhar Center for Allergy and Immunology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza Farag Said
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Maged Salah Mohamed
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Sayed
- Department of Basic Research, Genomics Program, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Basic Research Department, Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Children's Cancer Hospital 57357 (CCHE-57357), Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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11
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Targeting cancer through recently developed purine clubbed heterocyclic scaffolds: An overview. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Jackson EK, Kitsios GD, Lu MY, Schaefer CM, Kessinger CJ, McVerry BJ, Morris A, Macatangay BJC. Suppressed renoprotective purines in COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17353. [PMID: 36253495 PMCID: PMC9574168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in patients hospitalized for COVID-19, complicating their clinical course and contributing to worse outcomes. Animal studies show that adenosine, inosine and guanosine protect the kidney against some types of AKI. However, until now there was no evidence in patients supporting the possibility that abnormally low kidney levels of adenosine, inosine and guanosine contribute to AKI. Here, we addressed the question as to whether these renoprotective purines are altered in the urine of COVID-19 patients with AKI. Purines were measured by employing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with stable-isotope-labeled internal standards for each purine of interest. Compared with COVID-19 patients without AKI (n = 23), COVID-19 patients with AKI (n = 20) had significantly lower urine levels of adenosine (P < 0.0001), inosine (P = 0.0008), and guanosine (P = 0.0008) (medians reduced by 85%, 48% and 61%, respectively) and lower levels (P = 0.0003; median reduced by 67%) of the 2nd messenger for A2A and A2B adenosine receptors, i.e., 3',5'-cAMP. Moreover, in COVID-19 patients with AKI, urine levels of 8-aminoguanine (endogenous inhibitor of inosine and guanosine metabolism) were nearly abolished (P < 0.0001). In contrast, the "upstream" precursors of renoprotective purines, namely 5'-AMP and 5'-GMP, were not significantly altered in COVID-19 patients with AKI, suggesting defective conversion of these precursors by CD73 (converts 5'-AMP to adenosine and 5'-GMP to guanosine). These findings imply that an imbalance in renoprotective purines may contribute to AKI in COVID-19 patients and that pharmacotherapy targeted to restore levels of renoprotective purines may attenuate the risk of AKI in susceptible patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Drive, Room 514, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - Georgios D Kitsios
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Y Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Caitlin M Schaefer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cathy J Kessinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bryan J McVerry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alison Morris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernard J C Macatangay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Liu Y, Guo ZJ, Zhou XW. Chinese Cordyceps: Bioactive Components, Antitumor Effects and Underlying Mechanism-A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196576. [PMID: 36235111 PMCID: PMC9572669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chinese Cordyceps is a valuable source of natural products with various therapeutic effects. It is rich in various active components, of which adenosine, cordycepin and polysaccharides have been confirmed with significant immunomodulatory and antitumor functions. However, the underlying antitumor mechanism remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarized and analyzed the chemical characteristics of the main components and their pharmacological effects and mechanism on immunomodulatory and antitumor functions. The analysis revealed that Chinese Cordyceps promotes immune cells' antitumor function by via upregulating immune responses and downregulating immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and resetting the immune cells' phenotype. Moreover, Chinese Cordyceps can inhibit the growth and metastasis of tumor cells by death (including apoptosis and autophagy) induction, cell-cycle arrest, and angiogenesis inhibition. Recent evidence has revealed that the signal pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), cysteine-aspartic proteases (caspases) and serine/threonine kinase Akt were involved in the antitumor mechanisms. In conclusion, Chinese Cordyceps, one type of magic mushroom, can be potentially developed as immunomodulator and anticancer therapeutic agents.
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14
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Wang Y, Nan X, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Wang H, Zhang F, Hua D, Liu J, Yang L, Yao J, Xiong B. Discrepancies among healthy, subclinical mastitic, and clinical mastitic cows in fecal microbiome and metabolome and serum metabolome. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7668-7688. [PMID: 35931488 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is generally considered a local inflammatory disease caused by the invasion of exogenous pathogens and resulting in the dysbiosis of microbiota and metabolites in milk. However, the entero-mammary pathway theory may establish a possible link between some endogenous gut bacteria and the occurrence and development of mastitis. In the current study, we attempted to investigate differences in the gut microbiota profile and metabolite composition in gut and serum from healthy cows and those with subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis. Compared with those of healthy cows, the microbial community diversities in the feces of cows with subclinical mastitis (SM) and clinical mastitis (CM) were lower. Lower abundance of Bifidobacterium, Romboutsia, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Coprococcus, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Ruminococcus, and Alistipes, and higher abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and the genera Escherichia-Shigella and Streptococcus were observed in CM cows. Klebsiella and Paeniclostridium were significantly enriched in the feces of SM cows. Several similarities were observed in feces and serum metabolites in mastitic cows. Higher levels of proinflammatory lipid products (20-trihydroxy-leukotriene-B4, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2, and 9,10-dihydroxylinoleic acids) and lower levels of metabolites involved in secondary bile acids (deoxycholic acid, 12-ketolithocholic acid), energy (citric acid and 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine), and purine metabolism (uric acid and inosine) were identified in both SM and CM cows. In addition, elevated concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and decreased concentrations of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were detected in the serum of SM and CM cows. Higher serum concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol and lower concentrations of high-density lipoproteins in mastitic cows might be related to changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites. These findings suggested a significant difference in the profile of feces microbiota and metabolites in cows with different udder health status, which might increase our understanding of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dengke Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Langfang, 065000, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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15
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Min GY, Kim TI, Kim JH, Cho WK, Yang JH, Ma JY. Inhibitory effect of Isatis tinctoria L. water extract on DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in BALB/c mice and HaCaT cells. Chin Med 2022; 17:66. [PMID: 35676724 PMCID: PMC9175348 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isatis tinctoria L (PLG) is a medicinal herb from the roots of Isatis indigotica Fort (Family Cruciferae). Previous studies have shown that PLG has anti-inflammatory and therapeutic effects against conditions such as acute and chronic hepatitis, various respiratory inflammations, and cancer. The purpose of this study was to define the pharmacological effects of PLG on inflammatory reactions and skin hyperkeratosis, which are the main symptoms of atopic dermatitis (AD), in vivo and in vitro. METHODS For the AD in vivo experiment, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) induction and oral administration of PLG were performed on male BALB/c mice for four weeks. For in vitro experiments, keratinocytes were activated using TNF-α/IFN-γ in cultured human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. PLG inhibited inflammatory chemokine production and blocked the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in activated keratinocytes. RESULTS As a result of oral administration of PLG, dermis and epidermis thickening, as well as eosinophil and mast cell infiltration, were attenuated in AD skin lesions. In addition, the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway were decreased in serum and dorsal skin tissues. Furthermore, PLG inhibited inflammatory chemokine production and blocked the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in activated keratinocytes. In addition, epigoitrin and adenosine, the standard compounds of PLG, were identified as candidate AD compounds. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that PLG is a potent therapeutic agent for attenuating symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Yul Min
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae In Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062 Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hye Yang
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062 Republic of Korea
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16
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Zhu Y, Wang X, Zhu L, Tu Y, Chen W, Gong L, Pan T, Lin H, Lin J, Sun H, Ge Y, Wei L, Guo Y, Lu C, Chen Y, Xu L. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG combined with inosine ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury through regulation of intestinal barrier and Treg/Th1 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 439:115923. [PMID: 35176292 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal epithelial barrier disruption and bacterial translocation exacerbates the progression of alcoholic liver disease. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), a probiotic, has been shown benefits in chronic liver disease and in regulating gut dysbiosis. Previous studies showed the protective roles of LGG in ethanol-disrupted gut barrier functions and liver injury. Inosine, a metabolite produced by intestinal bacteria, has the anti-inflammatory and immunregulatory functions. In this study, the synergistic effect of LGG and inosine was investigated in a mouse model of alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 5% alcohol for four weeks to establish a model of alcohol-induced liver injury. LGG or a combination of LGG and inosine were administrated orally to explore a new therapeutic method for alcohol-induced liver disease and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Liver damage was evaluated by transaminases and pathological changes. Tight junction proteins, composition of the gut microbiome, cytokines, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), F4/80+ macrophages, as well as p38, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), were determined by qRT-PCR, RNAseq, ELISA, IHC and western blot. Regulatory T (Treg) cells were characterized by positive staining of CD4, CD25 and Foxp3 using flow cytometry. IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T (Th1) cells were examined by intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS Alcohol consumption induced elevated liver enzymes, steatosis and inflammation, while LGG combined with inosine treatment was more significant to ameliorate these symptoms compared with LGG alone. When LGG combined with inosine were administered to ALD mice, intestinal microecology significantly improved reflected by intestinal villi and tight junction proteins recovery and the restoration of intestinal flora. Combined therapy inhibited phosphorylation of p38 and JNK to alleviate hepatic inflammation. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis showed that long-term excessive alcohol consumption reduced Tregs population while increased Th1 population, which was restored by a combination of LGG and inosine treatment. CONCLUSIONS The findings from the study indicate that the combined LGG and inosine treatment ameliorates ALD by improving the gut ecosystem, intestinal barrier function, immune homeostasis and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and liver Diseases, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo 315040, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Mindong Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian 355000, China
| | - Lujian Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China
| | - Yulu Tu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China
| | - Wanting Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and liver Diseases, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Lingwen Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and liver Diseases, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Tongtong Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China
| | - Hongwei Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China
| | - Huiling Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Liver Diseases, Lishui City People's Hospital, Lishui 323020, China
| | - Yuli Ge
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Liver Diseases, Lishui City People's Hospital, Lishui 323020, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and liver Diseases, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and liver Diseases, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Caide Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China.
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China.
| | - Lanman Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and liver Diseases, Ningbo Medical Centre Lihuili Hospital, Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo 315040, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China.
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17
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Liu X, Teng T, Li X, Fan L, Xiang Y, Jiang Y, Du K, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Xie P. Impact of Inosine on Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depressive and Anxiety-Like Behaviors With the Alteration of Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:697640. [PMID: 34595128 PMCID: PMC8476956 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.697640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antidepressants do not confer a clear advantage in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). Accumulating evidence highlights the potential antidepressant-like effects of inosine on adult MDD, and gut microbiomes are significantly associated with MDD via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, few studies have investigated possible associations between inosine and gut microbiota in adolescents with MDD. The current study investigated the potential antidepressant effects of inosine in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice. After 4 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) stimulation, the mice were assessed by body weight, the sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test, and the elevated plus maze (EPM). The microbiota compositions of feces were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Inosine significantly improved CUMS-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in adolescent mice including SPT and EPM results. Fecal microbial composition differed in the CON+saline, CUMS+saline, and CUMS+inosine groups, which were characterized by 126 discriminative amplicon sequence variants belonging to Bacteroidetes and Firmicute at the phylum level and Muribaculaceae and Lachnospiraceae at the family level. Muribaculaceae was positively associated with depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. KEGG functional analysis suggested that inosine might affect gut microbiota through carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways. The results of the study indicated that inosine improved depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in adolescent mice, in conjunction with the alteration of fecal microbial composition. Our findings may provide a novel perspective on the antidepressant effects of inosine in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajie Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanliang Jiang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Du
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
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18
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Ehlers L, Kuppe A, Damerau A, Wilantri S, Kirchner M, Mertins P, Strehl C, Buttgereit F, Gaber T. Surface AMP deaminase 2 as a novel regulator modifying extracellular adenine nucleotide metabolism. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21684. [PMID: 34159634 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002658rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenine nucleotides represent crucial immunomodulators in the extracellular environment. The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 are responsible for the sequential catabolism of ATP to adenosine via AMP, thus promoting an anti-inflammatory milieu induced by the "adenosine halo". AMPD2 intracellularly mediates AMP deamination to IMP, thereby both enhancing the degradation of inflammatory ATP and reducing the formation of anti-inflammatory adenosine. Here, we show that this enzyme is expressed on the surface of human immune cells and its predominance may modify inflammatory states by altering the extracellular milieu. Surface AMPD2 (eAMPD2) expression on monocytes was verified by immunoblot, surface biotinylation, mass spectrometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Flow cytometry revealed enhanced monocytic eAMPD2 expression after TLR stimulation. PBMCs from patients with rheumatoid arthritis displayed significantly higher levels of eAMPD2 expression compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, the product of AMPD2-IMP-exerted anti-inflammatory effects, while the levels of extracellular adenosine were not impaired by an increased eAMPD2 expression. In summary, our study identifies eAMPD2 as a novel regulator of the extracellular ATP-adenosine balance adding to the immunomodulatory CD39-CD73 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ehlers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aditi Kuppe
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Damerau
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Siska Wilantri
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- BIH Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- BIH Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Cindy Strehl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Gaber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ) Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
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Lu SY, Hua J, Xu J, Wei MY, Liang C, Meng QC, Liu J, Zhang B, Wang W, Yu XJ, Shi S. Microorganisms in chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: An overview of current research and future directions. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2666-2682. [PMID: 34326701 PMCID: PMC8315022 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive system with a very high mortality rate. While gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is the predominant treatment for terminal pancreatic cancer, its therapeutic effect is not satisfactory. Recently, many studies have found that microorganisms not only play a consequential role in the occurrence and progression of pancreatic cancer but also modulate the effect of chemotherapy to some extent. Moreover, microorganisms may become an important biomarker for predicting pancreatic carcinogenesis and detecting the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. However, the existing experimental literature is not sufficient or convincing. Therefore, further exploration and experiments are imperative to understanding the mechanism underlying the interaction between microorganisms and pancreatic cancer. In this review, we primarily summarize and discuss the influences of oncolytic viruses and bacteria on pancreatic cancer chemotherapy because these are the two types of microorganisms that are most often studied. We focus on some potential methods specific to these two types of microorganisms that can be used to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Lu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao-Yan Wei
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Cai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Wang D, Zhou L, Zhou H, Hou G. Effects of Guava ( Psidium guajava L.) Leaf Extract on the Metabolomics of Serum and Feces in Weaned Piglets Challenged by Escherichia coli. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:656179. [PMID: 34109234 PMCID: PMC8183609 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.656179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation with guava leaf extracts (GE) on intestinal barrier function and serum and fecal metabolome in weaned piglets challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) were investigated. In total, 50 weaned piglets (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace) from 25 pens (two piglets per pen) were randomly divided into five groups: BC (blank control), NC (negative control), S50 (supplemented with 50 mg kg−1 diet GE), S100 (100 mg kg−1 diet GE), and S200 (200 mg kg−1 diet GE), respectively. On day 4, all groups (except BC) were orally challenged with enterotoxigenic ETEC at a dose of 1.0 × 109 colony-forming units (CFUs). After treatment for 28 days, intestinal barrier function and parallel serum and fecal metabolomics analysis were carried out. Results suggested that dietary supplementation with GE (50–200 mg kg−1) increased protein expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1) (p < 0.05) and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) (p < 0.05). Moreover, dietary supplementation with GE (50–200 mg kg−1) increased the level of tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) and reversed the higher level of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) induced by ETEC in serum compared with the NC group (p < 0.05), and enhanced the antioxidant capacity of piglets. In addition, dietary addition with GE (100 mg kg−1) reversed the lower level of L-pipecolic acid induced by ETEC in feces compared with the NC group (p < 0.05) and decreased the oxidative stress of piglets. Collectively, dietary supplementation with GE exhibited a positive effect on improving intestinal barrier function. It can reprogram energy metabolism through similar or dissimilar metabolic pathways and finally enhance the antioxidant ability of piglets challenged by ETEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingfa Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Luli Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Guanyu Hou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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21
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Boknik P, Eskandar J, Hofmann B, Zimmermann N, Neumann J, Gergs U. Role of Cardiac A 2A Receptors Under Normal and Pathophysiological Conditions. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:627838. [PMID: 33574762 PMCID: PMC7871008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.627838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents an overview of cardiac A2A-adenosine receptors The localization of A2A-AR in the various cell types that encompass the heart and the role they play in force regulation in various mammalian species are depicted. The putative signal transduction systems of A2A-AR in cells in the living heart, as well as the known interactions of A2A-AR with membrane-bound receptors, will be addressed. The possible role that the receptors play in some relevant cardiac pathologies, such as persistent or transient ischemia, hypoxia, sepsis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and arrhythmias, will be reviewed. Moreover, the cardiac utility of A2A-AR as therapeutic targets for agonistic and antagonistic drugs will be discussed. Gaps in our knowledge about the cardiac function of A2A-AR and future research needs will be identified and formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Boknik
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - J. Eskandar
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - B. Hofmann
- Cardiac Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - N. Zimmermann
- Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - U. Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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22
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Bidirectional and dynamic interaction between the microbiota and therapeutic resistance in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188484. [PMID: 33246025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal malignancies and is known for its high resistance and low response to treatment. Cancer treatments can reshape the microbiota and in turn, the microbiota influences the therapeutic efficacy by regulating immune response and metabolism. This crosstalk is bidirectional, heterogeneous, and dynamic. In this review, we elaborated on the interactions between the microbiota and therapeutic resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Regulating the microbiota in pancreatic tumor microenvironment may not only generate direct anti-cancer but also synergistic effects with other treatments, providing new directions in cancer therapy.
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23
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Zhang J, Yan W, Duan W, Wüthrich K, Cheng J. Tumor Immunotherapy Using A 2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090237. [PMID: 32911819 PMCID: PMC7558881 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) plays critical roles in human physiology and pathophysiology, which makes it an important drug target. Previous drug-discovery efforts targeting the A2AAR have been focused on the use of A2AAR antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. More recently, the A2AAR has attracted additional attention for its roles in immuno-oncology, and a number of A2AAR antagonists are currently used as lead compounds for antitumor drugs in both preclinical models and clinical trials. This review surveys recent advances in the development of A2AAR antagonists for cancer immunotherapy. The therapeutic potential of representative A2AAR antagonists is discussed based on both animal efficacy studies and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (W.D.); (K.W.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenzhong Yan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (W.D.); (K.W.)
| | - Wenwen Duan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (W.D.); (K.W.)
| | - Kurt Wüthrich
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (W.D.); (K.W.)
- Department of Integrated Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (W.D.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-20685237
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24
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Inosine, an endogenous purine nucleoside, avoids early stages of atherosclerosis development associated to eNOS activation and p38 MAPK/NF-kB inhibition in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173289. [PMID: 32565337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic disease, initiated by an endothelial dysfunction. Adenosine and its analogs can change a variety of inflammatory diseases and has shown important effects at different disease models. Inosine is a stable analogous of adenosine, but its effects in inflammatory diseases, like atherosclerosis, have not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological properties of inosine, administered sub chronically in a hypercholesterolemic model. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group (C) and control + inosine (C + INO) received standard chow, hypercholesterolemic diet group (HCD) and HCD + inosine (HCD + INO) were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. At 31st experimentation day, the treatment with inosine was performed for C + INO and HCD + INO groups once daily in the last 15 days. We observed that the hypercholesterolemic diet promoted an increase in lipid levels and inflammatory cytokines production, while inosine treatment strongly decreased these effects. Additionally, HCD group presented a decrease in maximum relaxation acetylcholine induced and an increase in contractile response phenylephrine induced when compared to the control group, as well as it has presented an enhancement in collagen and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. On the other hand, inosine treatment promoted a decrease in contractile response to phenylephrine, evoked an improvement in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant response and presented antiplatelet properties. Moreover, inosine activated eNOS and reduced p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway in aortic tissues. Taken together, the present results indicate inosine as a potential drug for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis.
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Camerini L, Ardais AP, Xavier J, Bastos CR, Oliveira S, Soares MSP, de Mattos BDS, Ávila AA, do Couto CAT, Spanevello RM, Pochmann D, Moritz CEJ, Porciúncula LO, Figueiró F, Kaster MP, Ghisleni G. Inosine prevents hyperlocomotion in a ketamine-induced model of mania in rats. Brain Res 2020; 1733:146721. [PMID: 32045593 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar Disorder is a disorder characterized by alternating episodes of depression, mania or hypomania, or even mixed episodes. The treatment consists on the use of mood stabilizers, which imply serious adverse effects. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new therapeutic targets to prevent or avoid new episodes. Evidence shows that individuals in manic episodes present a purinergic system dysfunction. In this scenario, inosine is a purine nucleoside known to act as an agonist of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors. Thus, we aimed to elucidate the preventive effect of inosine on locomotor activity, changes in purine levels, and adenosine receptors density in a ketamine-induced model of mania in rats. Inosine pretreatment (25 mg/kg, oral route) prevented the hyperlocomotion induced by ketamine (25 mg/kg, intraperitoneal route) in the open-field test; however, there was no difference in hippocampal density of A1 and A2A receptors, where ketamine, as well as inosine, were not able to promote changes in immunocontent of the adenosine receptors. Likewise, no effects of inosine pretreatments or ketamine treatment were observed for purine and metabolic residue levels evaluated. In this sense, we suggest further investigation of signaling pathways involving purinergic receptors, using pharmacological strategies to better elucidate the action mechanisms of inosine on bipolar disorder. Despite the limitations, inosine administration could be a promising candidate for bipolar disorder treatment, especially by attenuating maniac phase symptoms, once it was able to prevent the hyperlocomotion induced by ketamine in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laísa Camerini
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ardais
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janaína Xavier
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Bastos
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silveira de Mattos
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Anita Almeida Ávila
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlus Augustu Tavares do Couto
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pochmann
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Rehabilitation of Methodist University Center
| | - Cesar Eduardo Jacinto Moritz
- Postgraduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Manuella Pinto Kaster
- Departament of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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26
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The protective effect of inosine against rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in mice; role of oxido-nitrosative stress, ERK phosphorylation, and A2AR expression. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1041-1053. [PMID: 31915844 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe disabling syndrome in which neuroinflammation and various signaling pathways are believed to mediate dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Here, the possible disease-modifying effects of the purine nucleoside inosine were examined against rotenone-induced PD. Mice were allocated into six groups, namely, a normal control group receiving dimethylsulfoxide, a PD control group receiving rotenone, a standard treatment group receiving L-dopa/carbidopa together with rotenone, and three treatment groups receiving inosine in low, medium, and high doses together with rotenone. At the end of the experimental protocol, three behavioral tests were performed to assess PD motor manifestations, namely, wire-hanging test, wood-walking test, and stair test. After performing the behavioral study, mice striata were isolated for the colorimetric assay of hypoxanthine, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of dopamine, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and nitrite, the Western blot estimation of total and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (tERK and pERK), the polymerase chain reaction estimation of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) expression, as well as the histopathological examination of substantia nigra and striatal tissue. Inosine protected against PD progression in a dose-dependent manner, with the effect comparable to the standard treatment L-dopa/carbidopa, evidenced by behavioral, biochemical, and histologic findings. The beneficial antiparkinsonian effect of inosine could be attributed to the ability of the drug to ameliorate neuroinflammation and oxido-nitrosative stress, together with suppression of ERK phosphorylation and down-regulation of A2AR expression. Inosine could therefore be considered as a disease-modifying agent against PD, but further studies are claimed to confirm such effects clinically.
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Wang Y, Yang G, You L, Yang J, Feng M, Qiu J, Zhao F, Liu Y, Cao Z, Zheng L, Zhang T, Zhao Y. Role of the microbiome in occurrence, development and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:173. [PMID: 31785619 PMCID: PMC6885316 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. Recent studies indicated that development of pancreatic cancer may be intimately connected with the microbiome. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms through which microbiomes affect the development of pancreatic cancer, including inflammation and immunomodulation. Potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications of microbiomes are also discussed. For example, microbiomes may serve as diagnostic markers for pancreatic cancer, and may also play an important role in determining the efficacies of treatments such as chemo- and immunotherapies. Future studies will provide additional insights into the various roles of microbiomes in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jinshou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Mengyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yueze Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730 China
- Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730 China
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28
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Hou T, Xiang H, Yu L, Su W, Shu Y, Li H, Zhu H, Lin L, Hu X, Liang S, Zhang H, Li M. Electroacupuncture inhibits visceral pain via adenosine receptors in mice with inflammatory bowel disease. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:193-204. [PMID: 31187350 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the involvement of peripheral adenosine receptors in the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on visceral pain in mice with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was used to induce the visceral pain model. EA (1 mA, 2 Hz, 30 min) treatment was applied to bilateral acupoints "Dachangshu" (BL25) 1 day after TNBS injection once daily for 7 consecutive days. Von Frey filaments were used to measure the mechanical pain threshold. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of adenosine 1 receptor (A1R), adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR), adenosine 2b receptor (A2bR), adenosine 3 receptor (A3R), substance P (SP), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in colon tissue. EA significantly ameliorated the disease-related indices and reduced the expression of SP and IL-1β in the colon tissues of mice with IBD. EA increased the expression of A1R, A2aR, and A3R and decreased the expression of A2bR in the colon tissue. Furthermore, the administration of adenosine receptor antagonists influenced the effect of EA. EA can inhibit the expression of the inflammatory factors SP and IL-1β by regulating peripheral A1, A2a, A2b, and A3 receptors, thus inhibiting visceral pain in IBD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Hou
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongchun Xiang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lingling Yu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Acupuncture, Wuhan Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yang Shu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Hongping Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lixue Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xuefei Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Man Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Geraghty NJ, Adhikary SR, Watson D, Sluyter R. The A 2A receptor agonist CGS 21680 has beneficial and adverse effects on disease development in a humanised mouse model of graft-versus-host disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:479-486. [PMID: 31051404 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative method for blood cancers and other blood disorders, but is limited by the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). GVHD results in inflammatory damage to the host liver, gastrointestinal tract and skin, resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality in HSCT recipients. Activation of the A2A receptor has been previously demonstrated to reduce disease in allogeneic mouse models of GVHD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of A2A activation on disease development in a humanised mouse model of GVHD. Immunodeficient non-obese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency-interleukin (IL)-2 receptor γnull (NSG) mice injected with human (h) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs), were treated with either the A2A agonist CGS 21680 or control vehicle. Contrary to the beneficial effect of A2A activation in allogeneic mouse models, CGS 21680 increased weight loss, and failed to reduce the clinical score or increase survival in this humanised mouse model of GVHD. Moreover, CGS 21680 reduced T regulatory cells and increased serum human IL-6 concentrations. Conversely, CGS 21680 reduced serum human tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations and leukocyte infiltration into the liver, indicating that A2A activation can, in part, reduce molecular and histological GVHD in this model. Notably, CGS 21680 also prevented healthy weight gain in NSG mice not engrafted with hPBMCs suggesting that this compound may be suppressing appetite or metabolism. Therefore, the potential benefits of A2A activation in reducing GVHD in HSCT recipients may be limited and confounded by adverse impacts on weight, decreased T regulatory cell frequency and increased IL-6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Geraghty
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - S R Adhikary
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - D Watson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - R Sluyter
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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30
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Bezerra IDL, Caillot ARC, Oliveira AFD, Santana-Filho AP, Sassaki GL. Cabernet Sauvignon wine polysaccharides attenuate sepsis inflammation and lethality in mice. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:254-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Clendinen CS, Gaul DA, Monge ME, Arnold RS, Edison AS, Petros JA, Fernández FM. Preoperative Metabolic Signatures of Prostate Cancer Recurrence Following Radical Prostatectomy. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1316-1327. [PMID: 30758971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Technological advances in mass spectrometry (MS), liquid chromatography (LC) separations, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and big data analytics have made possible studying metabolism at an "omics" or systems level. Here, we applied a multiplatform (NMR + LC-MS) metabolomics approach to the study of preoperative metabolic alterations associated with prostate cancer recurrence. Thus far, predicting which patients will recur even after radical prostatectomy has not been possible. Correlation analysis on metabolite abundances detected on serum samples collected prior to surgery from prostate cancer patients ( n = 40 remission vs n = 40 recurrence) showed significant alterations in a number of pathways, including amino acid metabolism, purine and pyrimidine synthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, tryptophan catabolism, glucose, and lactate. Lipidomics experiments indicated higher lipid abundances on recurrent patients for a number of classes that included triglycerides, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols, diglycerides, acyl carnitines, and ceramides. Machine learning approaches led to the selection of a 20-metabolite panel from a single preoperative blood sample that enabled prediction of recurrence with 92.6% accuracy, 94.4% sensitivity, and 91.9% specificity under cross-validation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaevien S Clendinen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - David A Gaul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - María Eugenia Monge
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION) , Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Godoy Cruz 2390 , C1425FQD, Ciudad de Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Rebecca S Arnold
- Department of Urology , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30308 , United States
| | - Arthur S Edison
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - John A Petros
- Department of Urology , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia 30308 , United States.,Atlanta VA Medical Center , Atlanta , Georgia 30033 , United States
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism, purine metabolism and inosine as potential independent diagnostic biomarkers for major depressive disorder in children and adolescents. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1478-1488. [PMID: 29679072 PMCID: PMC6756100 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents is a recurrent and disabling condition globally but its pathophysiology remains poorly elucidated and there are limited effective treatments available. We performed metabolic profiling of plasma samples based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole time-offlight mass spectrometry to explore the potential biomarkers of depression in children and adolescents with MDD. We identified several perturbed pathways, including fatty acid metabolism-particularly the polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism, and purine metabolism-that were associated with MDD in these young patients. In addition, inosine was shown as a potential independent diagnostic biomarker for MDD, achieving an area under the ROC curve of 0.999 in discriminating drug-naive MDD patients and 0.866 in discriminating drug-treated MDD from healthy controls. Moreover, we found evidence for differences in the pathophysiology of MDD in children and adolescents to that of adult MDD, specifically with tryptophan metabolism. Through metabolomic analysis, we have identified links between a framework of metabolic perturbations and the pathophysiology and diagnostic biomarker of child and adolescent MDD.
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Ma C, Sun Z, Zeng B, Huang S, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Su X, Xu J, Wei H, Zhang H. Cow-to-mouse fecal transplantations suggest intestinal microbiome as one cause of mastitis. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:200. [PMID: 30409169 PMCID: PMC6225715 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mastitis, which affects nearly all lactating mammals including human, is generally thought to be caused by local infection of the mammary glands. For treatment, antibiotics are commonly prescribed, which however are of concern in both treatment efficacy and neonate safety. Here, using bovine mastitis which is the most costly disease in the dairy industry as a model, we showed that intestinal microbiota alone can lead to mastitis. RESULTS Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from mastitis, but not healthy cows, to germ-free (GF) mice resulted in mastitis symptoms in mammary gland and inflammations in serum, spleen, and colon. Probiotic intake in parallel with FMT from diseased cows led to relieved mastitis symptoms in mice, by shifting the murine intestinal microbiota to a state that is functionally distinct from either healthy or diseased microbiota yet structurally similar to the latter. Despite conservation in mastitis symptoms, diseased cows and mice shared few mastitis-associated bacterial organismal or functional markers, suggesting striking divergence in mastitis-associated intestinal microbiota among lactating mammals. Moreover, an "amplification effect" of disease-health distinction in both microbiota structure and function was apparent during the cow-to-mouse FMT. CONCLUSIONS Hence, dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota may be one cause of mastitis, and probiotics that restore intestinal microbiota function are an effective and safe strategy to treat mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Benhua Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shi Huang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Xiaoquan Su
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.
| | - Hong Wei
- The Engineering Technology Research Center for Germ-free and Genome-editing Animal, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China.
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Kiers D, Wielockx B, Peters E, van Eijk LT, Gerretsen J, John A, Janssen E, Groeneveld R, Peters M, Damen L, Meneses AM, Krüger A, Langereis JD, Zomer AL, Blackburn MR, Joosten LA, Netea MG, Riksen NP, van der Hoeven JG, Scheffer GJ, Eltzschig HK, Pickkers P, Kox M. Short-Term Hypoxia Dampens Inflammation in vivo via Enhanced Adenosine Release and Adenosine 2B Receptor Stimulation. EBioMedicine 2018; 33:144-156. [PMID: 29983349 PMCID: PMC6085583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and inflammation are closely intertwined phenomena. Critically ill patients often suffer from systemic inflammatory conditions and concurrently experience short-lived hypoxia. We evaluated the effects of short-term hypoxia on systemic inflammation, and show that it potently attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine responses during murine endotoxemia. These effects are independent of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), but involve augmented adenosine levels, in turn resulting in an adenosine 2B receptor-mediated post-transcriptional increase of interleukin (IL)-10 production. We translated our findings to humans using the experimental endotoxemia model, where short-term hypoxia resulted in enhanced plasma concentrations of adenosine, augmentation of endotoxin-induced circulating IL-10 levels, and concurrent attenuation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Again, HIFs were shown not to be involved. Taken together, we demonstrate that short-term hypoxia dampens the systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine response through enhanced purinergic signaling in mice and men. These effects may contribute to outcome and provide leads for immunomodulatory treatment strategies for critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Kiers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Anesthesiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Heisenberg Research Group, Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther Peters
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lucas T van Eijk
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle Gerretsen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aaron John
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Emmy Janssen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Groeneveld
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mara Peters
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lars Damen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana M Meneses
- Heisenberg Research Group, Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Krüger
- Heisenberg Research Group, Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jeroen D Langereis
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aldert L Zomer
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI) Bacterial Genomics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, USA
| | - Leo A Joosten
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes G van der Hoeven
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Scheffer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, USA
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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CD39 and CD73 in the aortic valve-biochemical and immunohistochemical analysis in valve cell populations and its changes in valve mineralization. Cardiovasc Pathol 2018; 36:53-63. [PMID: 30056298 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a common heart pathology that involves inflammation, fibrosis, and calcification of aortic valve leaflets. All these processes could be affected by changes in the extracellular purinergic signaling that depend on the activity of ectonucleotidases, mainly ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39, eNTPD1) and ecto-5'nucleotidase (CD73, e5NT). OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We investigated the localization of CD39 and CD73 proteins in human noncalcified and calcified aortic valves using immunohistochemistry together with analysis of NTPDases and e5NT activities in aortic valve homogenates by analysis of substrate into product conversion by high-performance liquid chromatography. We also measured the rates of extracellular nucleotide catabolism on the surface of isolated cultured aortic valve endothelial (hAVECs) and interstitial cells (hAVICs) as well as characterized cellular CD39 and CD73 distribution. RESULTS In noncalcified valves, CD39 and CD73 were expressed in both endothelial and interstitial cells, while in calcified valves, the expressions of CD39 and CD73 were significantly down-regulated with the exception of calcified regions where the expression of CD73 was maintained. This correlated with activities in valve homogenates. NTPDase was reduced by 35% and e5NT activity by 50% in calcified vs. noncalcified valve. CD39 and CD73 were present mainly in the cell membrane of hAVECs, but in hAVICs, these proteins were also present intracellularly. The rates of extracellular adenosine triphosphate and adenosine monophosphate hydrolysis in isolated hAVECs and hAVICs were comparable. CONCLUSION The presence of ectonucleotidases in valves and especially in aortic valve interstitial cells highlights important local role of purinergic signaling and metabolism. Changes in the local expression and hence the activity of CD39 and CD73 in calcified valves suggest their potential role in CAVD.
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36
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Novel evidence that extracellular nucleotides and purinergic signaling induce innate immunity-mediated mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Leukemia 2018; 32:1920-1931. [PMID: 29725032 PMCID: PMC6127086 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological mobilization of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) from bone marrow (BM) into peripheral blood (PB) is a result of mobilizing agent-induced “sterile inflammation” in the BM microenvironment due to complement cascade (ComC) activation. Here we provide evidence that ATP, as an extracellular nucleotide secreted in a pannexin-1-dependent manner from BM cells, triggers activation of the ComC and initiates the mobilization process. This process is augmented in a P2X7 receptor-dependent manner, and P2X7-KO mice are poor mobilizers. Furthermore, after its release into the extracellular space, ATP is processed by ectonucleotidases: CD39 converts ATP to AMP, and CD73 converts AMP to adenosine. We observed that CD73-deficient mice mobilize more HSPCs than do wild-type mice due to a decrease in adenosine concentration in the extracellular space, indicating a negative role for adenosine in the mobilization process. This finding has been confirmed by injecting mice with adenosine along with pro-mobilizing agents. In sum, we demonstrate for the first time that purinergic signaling involving ATP and its metabolite adenosine regulate the mobilization of HSPCs. Although ATP triggers and promotes this process, adenosine has an inhibitory effect. Thus, administration of ATP together with G-CSF or AMD3100 or inhibition of CD73 by small molecule antagonists may provide the basis for more efficient mobilization strategies.
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37
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Panebianco C, Adamberg K, Jaagura M, Copetti M, Fontana A, Adamberg S, Kolk K, Vilu R, Andriulli A, Pazienza V. Influence of gemcitabine chemotherapy on the microbiota of pancreatic cancer xenografted mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 81:773-782. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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He B, Hoang TK, Tran DQ, Rhoads JM, Liu Y. Adenosine A 2A Receptor Deletion Blocks the Beneficial Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri in Regulatory T-Deficient Scurfy Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1680. [PMID: 29270168 PMCID: PMC5723640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of a functional Foxp3 transcription factor and regulatory T (Treg) cells causes lethal, CD4+ T cell-driven autoimmune diseases in scurfy (SF) mice and humans. Recent studies have shown that adenosine A2A receptor activation limits inflammation and tissue damage, thereby playing an anti-inflammatory role. However, the role of the adenosine A2A receptor in the development of disease in SF mice remains unclear. Using a genetic approach, we found that adenosine A2A receptor deletion in SF mice (SF⋅A2A-/-) does not affect early life events, the development of a lymphoproliferative disorder, or hyper-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines seen in the Treg-deficiency state. As shown previously, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 treatment prolonged survival and reduced multiorgan inflammation in SF mice. In marked contrast, A2A receptor deletion completely blocked these beneficial effects of L. reuteri in SF mice. Altogether, these results suggest that although absence of the adenosine A2A receptor does not affect the development of disease in SF mice, it plays a critical role in the immunomodulation by L. reuteri in Treg-deficiency disease. The adenosine A2A receptor and its activation may have a role in treating other Treg dysfunction-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokun He
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dat Q Tran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jon Marc Rhoads
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yuying Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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39
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Tang Y, Gupta A, Garimalla S, Galinski MR, Styczynski MP, Fonseca LL, Voit EO. Metabolic modeling helps interpret transcriptomic changes during malaria. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:2329-2340. [PMID: 29069611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Disease represents a specific case of malfunctioning within a complex system. Whereas it is often feasible to observe and possibly treat the symptoms of a disease, it is much more challenging to identify and characterize its molecular root causes. Even in infectious diseases that are caused by a known parasite, it is often impossible to pinpoint exactly which molecular profiles of components or processes are directly or indirectly altered. However, a deep understanding of such profiles is a prerequisite for rational, efficacious treatments. Modern omics methodologies are permitting large-scale scans of some molecular profiles, but these scans often yield results that are not intuitive and difficult to interpret. For instance, the comparison of healthy and diseased transcriptome profiles may point to certain sets of involved genes, but a host of post-transcriptional processes and regulatory mechanisms renders predictions regarding metabolic or physiological consequences of the observed changes in gene expression unreliable. Here we present proof of concept that dynamic models of metabolic pathway systems may offer a tool for interpreting transcriptomic profiles measured during disease. We illustrate this strategy with the interpretation of expression data of genes coding for enzymes associated with purine metabolism. These data were obtained during infections of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with the malaria parasite Plasmodium cynomolgi or P. coatneyi. The model-based interpretation reveals clear patterns of flux redistribution within the purine pathway that are consistent between the two malaria pathogens and are even reflected in data from humans infected with P. falciparum. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Accelerating Precision Medicine through Genetic and Genomic Big Data Analysis edited by Yudong Cai & Tao Huang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Anuj Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Swetha Garimalla
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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- Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center, USA
| | - Mary R Galinski
- Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, EVC 003, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mark P Styczynski
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Luis L Fonseca
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Eberhard O Voit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Burnstock G. Purinergic Signalling: Therapeutic Developments. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:661. [PMID: 28993732 PMCID: PMC5622197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signalling, i.e., the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines were cloned and characterised, which includes four subtypes of the P1 (adenosine) receptor, seven subtypes of P2X ion channel receptors and 8 subtypes of the P2Y G protein-coupled receptor. Early studies were largely concerned with the physiology, pharmacology and biochemistry of purinergic signalling. More recently, the focus has been on the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. There was early recognition of the use of P1 receptor agonists for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and A2A receptor antagonists are promising for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clopidogrel, a P2Y12 antagonist, is widely used for the treatment of thrombosis and stroke, blocking P2Y12 receptor-mediated platelet aggregation. Diquafosol, a long acting P2Y2 receptor agonist, is being used for the treatment of dry eye. P2X3 receptor antagonists have been developed that are orally bioavailable and stable in vivo and are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic cough, bladder incontinence, visceral pain and hypertension. Antagonists to P2X7 receptors are being investigated for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Other investigations are in progress for the use of purinergic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis, myocardial infarction, irritable bowel syndrome, epilepsy, atherosclerosis, depression, autism, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical SchoolLondon, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, MelbourneVIC, Australia
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Adefegha SA, Leal DBR, Doleski PH, Ledur PC, Ecker A. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from rat model of pleurisy: The effects of hesperidin on ectoenzymes activity, apoptosis, cell cycle and reactive oxygen species production. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:278-286. [PMID: 28460230 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the effect of hesperidin; a flavonone commonly found in citrus fruits, on the ectoenzymes (ectonucleotidase and ecto-adenosine deaminase) activity, cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and reactive oxygen species production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from rat model of pleurisy. Wistar rats were pretreated with either saline or hesperidin (80mg/kg) by oral gavage for 21days and injected intrapleurally with 2% carrageenan or saline on the 22nd day. PBMCs were subsequently prepared after 4h of carrageenan induction. The results revealed that hesperidin may exhibit its anti-inflammatory effects through possible modulation of ectonucleotidase (E-NTPDase) and ecto-adenosine deaminase (E-ADA) activities, reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species, prevention of DNA damage and modulation of apoptosis as well as activation of cell cycle arrest. This study suggests some possible underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms of hesperidin on PBMCs in acute inflammatory condition. Furthermore, hesperidin may minimize oxidative injury mediated pleurisy in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Adeniyi Adefegha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Doleski
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Pauline Christ Ledur
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologie, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Assis Ecker
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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He B, Hoang TK, Wang T, Ferris M, Taylor CM, Tian X, Luo M, Tran DQ, Zhou J, Tatevian N, Luo F, Molina JG, Blackburn MR, Gomez TH, Roos S, Rhoads JM, Liu Y. Resetting microbiota by Lactobacillus reuteri inhibits T reg deficiency-induced autoimmunity via adenosine A2A receptors. J Exp Med 2016; 214:107-123. [PMID: 27994068 PMCID: PMC5206500 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
He et al. show that T reg deficiency markedly induces autoimmunity and shifts gut microbiota. Remodeling microbiota by Lactobacillus reuteri was found to inhibit autoimmunity via the metabolite inosine, which interacts with the adenosine A2A receptor. This finding establishes a link between the gut microbiota, A2A receptors, and autoimmunity induced by T reg cell deficiency. Regulatory T (T reg) cell deficiency causes lethal, CD4+ T cell–driven autoimmune diseases. Stem cell transplantation is used to treat these diseases, but this procedure is limited by the availability of a suitable donor. The intestinal microbiota drives host immune homeostasis by regulating the differentiation and expansion of T reg, Th1, and Th2 cells. It is currently unclear if T reg cell deficiency–mediated autoimmune disorders can be treated by targeting the enteric microbiota. Here, we demonstrate that Foxp3+ T reg cell deficiency results in gut microbial dysbiosis and autoimmunity over the lifespan of scurfy (SF) mouse. Remodeling microbiota with Lactobacillus reuteri prolonged survival and reduced multiorgan inflammation in SF mice. L. reuteri changed the metabolomic profile disrupted by T reg cell deficiency, and a major effect was to restore levels of the purine metabolite inosine. Feeding inosine itself prolonged life and inhibited multiorgan inflammation by reducing Th1/Th2 cells and their associated cytokines. Mechanistically, the inhibition of inosine on the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells in vitro depended on adenosine A2A receptors, which were also required for the efficacy of inosine and of L. reuteri in vivo. These results reveal that the microbiota–inosine–A2A receptor axis might represent a potential avenue for combatting autoimmune diseases mediated by T reg cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokun He
- Pediatrics Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030.,Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Thomas K Hoang
- Pediatrics Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030.,Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ting Wang
- Pediatrics Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030.,Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Michael Ferris
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Dat Q Tran
- Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jain Zhou
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Nina Tatevian
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Fayong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jose G Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Thomas H Gomez
- Center for Laboratory Animal Medicine and Care, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.,BioGaia AB, 103 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Marc Rhoads
- Pediatrics Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030 .,Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yuying Liu
- Pediatrics Gastroenterology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030 .,Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030
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Sepúlveda C, Palomo I, Fuentes E. Role of adenosine A2b receptor overexpression in tumor progression. Life Sci 2016; 166:92-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Junqueira SC, dos Santos Coelho I, Lieberknecht V, Cunha MP, Calixto JB, Rodrigues ALS, Santos ARS, Dutra RC. Inosine, an Endogenous Purine Nucleoside, Suppresses Immune Responses and Protects Mice from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: a Role for A2A Adenosine Receptor. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3271-3285. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rodrigues Ianiski F, da Silva FD, Antunes Wilhelm E, Fernandes RS, Palma Alves M, Mederios Frescura Duarte MM, Luchese C. Enhanced anti-inflammatory benefits of meloxicam-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules in a mouse pleurisy model: A comparative study with a free form drug. J Appl Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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46
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de Oliveira ED, Schallenberger C, Böhmer AE, Hansel G, Fagundes AC, Milman M, Silva MDP, Oses JP, Porciúncula LO, Portela LV, Elisabetsky E, Souza DO, Schmidt AP. Mechanisms involved in the antinociception induced by spinal administration of inosine or guanine in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 772:71-82. [PMID: 26712379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that adenine-based purines exert multiple effects on pain transmission. Recently, we have demonstrated that guanine-based purines may produce some antinociceptive effects against chemical and thermal pain in mice. The present study was designed to investigate the antinociceptive effects of intrathecal (i.t.) administration of inosine or guanine in mice. Additionally, investigation into the mechanisms of action of these purines, their general toxicity and measurements of CSF purine levels were performed. Animals received an i.t. injection of vehicle (30mN NaOH), inosine or guanine (up to 600nmol) and submitted to several pain models and behavioural paradigms. Guanine and inosine produced dose-dependent antinociceptive effects in the tail-flick, hot-plate, intraplantar (i.pl.) glutamate, i.pl. capsaicin and acetic acid pain models. Additionally, i.t. inosine inhibited the biting behaviour induced by spinal injection of capsaicin and i.t. guanine reduced the biting behaviour induced by spinal injection of glutamate or AMPA. Intrathecal administration of inosine (200nmol) induced an approximately 115-fold increase on CSF inosine levels. This study provides new evidence on the mechanism of action of extracellular guanine and inosine presenting antinociceptive effects following spinal administration. These effects seem to be related, at least partially, to the modulation of A1 adenosine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enderson D de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristhine Schallenberger
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Böhmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Hansel
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aécio C Fagundes
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Milman
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos D P Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean P Oses
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Vida e da Saúde e Hospital Universitário São Francisco de Paula, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisiane O Porciúncula
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís V Portela
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elaine Elisabetsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André P Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Surgery, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Lutz S, Anesio AM, Field K, Benning LG. Integrated 'Omics', Targeted Metabolite and Single-cell Analyses of Arctic Snow Algae Functionality and Adaptability. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1323. [PMID: 26635781 PMCID: PMC4659291 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Snow algae are poly-extremophilic microalgae and important primary colonizers and producers on glaciers and snow fields. Depending on their pigmentation they cause green or red mass blooms during the melt season. This decreases surface albedo and thus further enhances snow and ice melting. Although the phenomenon of snow algal blooms has been known for a long time, large aspects of their physiology and ecology sill remain cryptic. This study provides the first in-depth and multi-omics investigation of two very striking adjacent green and red snow fields on a glacier in Svalbard. We have assessed the algal community composition of green and red snow including their associated microbiota, i.e., bacteria and archaea, their metabolic profiles (targeted and non-targeted metabolites) on the bulk and single-cell level, and assessed the feedbacks between the algae and their physico-chemical environment including liquid water content, pH, albedo, and nutrient availability. We demonstrate that green and red snow clearly vary in their physico-chemical environment, their microbial community composition and their metabolic profiles. For the algae this likely reflects both different stages of their life cycles and their adaptation strategies. Green snow represents a wet, carbon and nutrient rich environment and is dominated by the algae Microglena sp. with a metabolic profile that is characterized by key metabolites involved in growth and proliferation. In contrast, the dry and nutrient poor red snow habitat is colonized by various Chloromonas species with a high abundance of storage and reserve metabolites likely to face upcoming severe conditions. Combining a multitude of techniques we demonstrate the power of such complementary approaches in elucidating the function and ecology of extremophiles such as green and red snow algal blooms, which play crucial roles in glacial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Lutz
- Cohen Laboratories, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds Leeds, UK ; GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexandre M Anesio
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Katie Field
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK
| | - Liane G Benning
- Cohen Laboratories, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds Leeds, UK ; GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam, Germany
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Modulatory effects of inosine, guanosine and uridine on lipopolysaccharide-evoked increase in spike-wave discharge activity in Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk rats. Brain Res Bull 2015; 118:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hartmann A, Albert A, Ganzera M. Effects of elevated ultraviolet radiation on primary metabolites in selected alpine algae and cyanobacteria. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2015; 149:149-55. [PMID: 26065817 PMCID: PMC4509709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Extremophilic green algae and cyanobacteria are the most abundant species in high mountain habitats, where rough climate conditions such as temperature differences, limited water retention and high ultraviolet (UV) radiation are the cause for a restricted biological diversity in favor of a few specialized autotrophic microorganisms. In this study, we investigated four algal species from alpine habitat in a sun simulator for their defense strategies in response to UV-A radiation (315-400nm) up to 13.4W/m(2) and UV-B radiation (280-315nm) up to 2.8W/m(2). Besides changes in pigment composition we discovered that primary polar metabolites like aromatic amino acids, nucleic bases and nucleosides are increasingly produced when the organisms are exposed to elevated UV radiation. Respective compounds were isolated and identified, and in order to quantify them an HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated. Our results show that especially tyrosine and guanosine were found to be generally two to three times upregulated in the UV-B exposed samples compared to the non-treated control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hartmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Albert
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Ganzera
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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