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Liao K, Chen JH, Ma J, Dong CC, Bi CY, Gao YB, Jiang YF, Wang T, Wei HY, Hou L, Hu JQ, Wei JJ, Zeng CY, Li YL, Yan S, Xu H, Liang SH, Wang L. Preclinical characterization of [ 18F]D 2-LW223: an improved metabolically stable PET tracer for imaging the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) in neuroinflammatory rodent models and non-human primates. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01375-9. [PMID: 39210042 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) targeting translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) can be used for the noninvasive detection of neuroinflammation. Improved in vivo stability of a TSPO tracer is beneficial for minimizing the potential confounding effects of radiometabolites. Deuteration represents an important strategy for improving the pharmacokinetics and stability of existing drug molecules in the plasma. This study developed a novel tracer via the deuteration of [18F]LW223 and evaluated its in vivo stability and specific binding in neuroinflammatory rodent models and nonhuman primate (NHP) brains. Compared with LW223, D2-LW223 exhibited improved binding affinity to TSPO. Compared with [18F]LW223, [18F]D2-LW223 has superior physicochemical properties and favorable brain kinetics, with enhanced metabolic stability and reduced defluorination. Preclinical investigations in rodent models of LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cerebral ischemia revealed specific [18F]D2-LW223 binding to TSPO in regions affected by neuroinflammation. Two-tissue compartment model analyses provided excellent model fits and allowed the quantitative mapping of TSPO across the NHP brain. These results indicate that [18F]D2-LW223 holds significant promise for the precise quantification of TSPO expression in neuroinflammatory pathologies of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liao
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine & Key laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jia-Hui Chen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jie Ma
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine & Key laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Chen-Chen Dong
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine & Key laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Chun-Yang Bi
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ya-Biao Gao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuan-Fang Jiang
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine & Key laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hui-Yi Wei
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine & Key laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lu Hou
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine & Key laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jun-Qi Hu
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine & Key laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wei
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine & Key laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Zeng
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine & Key laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yin-Long Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sen Yan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine & Key laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Lu Wang
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine & Key laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Chronic Disease, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Devarajan J, Mena S, Cheng J. Mechanisms of complex regional pain syndrome. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2024; 5:1385889. [PMID: 38828388 PMCID: PMC11140106 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1385889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain disorder characterized by a diverse array of symptoms, including pain that is disproportionate to the initial triggering event, accompanied by autonomic, sensory, motor, and sudomotor disturbances. The primary pathology of both types of CRPS (Type I, also known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy, RSD; Type II, also known as causalgia) is featured by allodynia, edema, changes in skin color and temperature, and dystrophy, predominantly affecting extremities. Recent studies started to unravel the complex pathogenic mechanisms of CRPS, particularly from an autoimmune and neuroimmune interaction perspective. CRPS is now recognized as a systemic disease that stems from a complex interplay of inflammatory, immunologic, neurogenic, genetic, and psychologic factors. The relative contributions of these factors may vary among patients and even within a single patient over time. Key mechanisms underlying clinical manifestations include peripheral and central sensitization, sympathetic dysregulation, and alterations in somatosensory processing. Enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of CRPS is crucial for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. While our mechanistic understanding of CRPS remains incomplete, this article updates recent research advancements and sheds light on the etiology, pathogenesis, and molecular underpinnings of CRPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagan Devarajan
- Department of Pain Management, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shayla Mena
- Department of Pain Management, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jianguo Cheng
- Department of Pain Management and Neurosciences, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Uzuegbunam BC, Rummel C, Librizzi D, Culmsee C, Hooshyar Yousefi B. Radiotracers for Imaging of Inflammatory Biomarkers TSPO and COX-2 in the Brain and in the Periphery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17419. [PMID: 38139248 PMCID: PMC10743508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation involves the activation of innate immune cells and is believed to play an important role in the development and progression of both infectious and non-infectious diseases such as neurodegeneration, autoimmune diseases, pulmonary and cancer. Inflammation in the brain is marked by the upregulation of translocator protein (TSPO) in microglia. High TSPO levels are also found, for example, in macrophages in cases of rheumatoid arthritis and in malignant tumor cells compared to their relatively low physiological expression. The same applies for cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2), which is constitutively expressed in the kidney, brain, thymus and gastrointestinal tract, but induced in microglia, macrophages and synoviocytes during inflammation. This puts TSPO and COX-2 in the spotlight as important targets for the diagnosis of inflammation. Imaging modalities, such as positron emission tomography and single-photon emission tomography, can be used to localize inflammatory processes and to track their progression over time. They could also enable the monitoring of the efficacy of therapy and predict its outcome. This review focuses on the current development of PET and SPECT tracers, not only for the detection of neuroinflammation, but also for emerging diagnostic measures in infectious and other non-infectious diseases such as rheumatic arthritis, cancer, cardiac inflammation and in lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Gießen, Germany;
- Center for Mind Brain and Behavior, Universities Giessen and Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Damiano Librizzi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Center for Mind Brain and Behavior, Universities Giessen and Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Philipps University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Chen Y, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Yan G, Pan D, Wang L, Yang M, Wang K. PET imaging of retinal inflammation in mice exposed to blue light using [ 18F]-DPA-714. Mol Vis 2023; 29:117-124. [PMID: 37859807 PMCID: PMC10584029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used in high-precision imaging, which may provide a simple and noninvasive method for the detection of pathology and therapeutic effects. [18F]-DPA-714 is a second-generation translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography radiotracer that shows great promise in a model of neuroinflammation. In this study, [18F]-DPA-714 micro-PET imaging was used to evaluate retinal inflammation in mice exposed to blue light, a well-established model of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) for molecular mechanism research and drug screening. Methods C57BL/6J melanized mice were subjected to 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 lux blue light for 5 days (8 h/day) to develop the retinal injury model, and the structure and function of the retina were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, electroretinography (ERG), and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) immunostaining. Then, [18F]-DPA-714 was injected approximately 100 μCi through each tail vein, and static imaging was performed 1 h after injection. Finally, the mice eyeballs were collected for biodistribution and immune analysis. Results The blue light exposure significantly destroyed the structure and function of the retina, and the uptake of [18F]-DPA-714 in the retinas of the mice exposed to blue light were the most significantly upregulated, which was consistent with the biodistribution data. In addition, the immunohistochemical, western blot, and immunofluorescence data showed an increase in microglial TSPO expression. Conclusions [18F]-DPA-714 micro-PET imaging might be a good method for evaluating early inflammatory status during retinal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yixiang Zhou
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ge Yan
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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Chaney AM, Cropper HC, Jain P, Wilson E, Simonetta F, Johnson EM, Alam IS, Patterson ITJ, Swarovski M, Stevens MY, Wang Q, Azevedo C, Nagy SC, Ramos Benitez J, Deal EM, Vogel H, Andreasson KI, James ML. PET imaging of TREM1 identifies CNS-infiltrating myeloid cells in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabm6267. [PMID: 37379371 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm6267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes substantial morbidity and diminished quality of life. Evidence highlights the central role of myeloid lineage cells in the initiation and progression of MS. However, existing imaging strategies for detecting myeloid cells in the CNS cannot distinguish between beneficial and harmful immune responses. Thus, imaging strategies that specifically identify myeloid cells and their activation states are critical for MS disease staging and monitoring of therapeutic responses. We hypothesized that positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) could be used to monitor deleterious innate immune responses and disease progression in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. We first validated TREM1 as a specific marker of proinflammatory, CNS-infiltrating, peripheral myeloid cells in mice with EAE. We show that the 64Cu-radiolabeled TREM1 antibody-based PET tracer monitored active disease with 14- to 17-fold higher sensitivity than translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO)-PET imaging, the established approach for detecting neuroinflammation in vivo. We illustrate the therapeutic potential of attenuating TREM1 signaling both genetically and pharmacologically in the EAE mice and show that TREM1-PET imaging detected responses to an FDA-approved MS therapy with siponimod (BAF312) in these animals. Last, we observed TREM1+ cells in clinical brain biopsy samples from two treatment-naïve patients with MS but not in healthy control brain tissue. Thus, TREM1-PET imaging has potential for aiding in the diagnosis of MS and monitoring of therapeutic responses to drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling M Chaney
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Haley C Cropper
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Poorva Jain
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edward Wilson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Emily M Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Israt S Alam
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ian T J Patterson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michelle Swarovski
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marc Y Stevens
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carmen Azevedo
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sydney C Nagy
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Javier Ramos Benitez
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Emily M Deal
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katrin I Andreasson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michelle L James
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Kip E, Parr-Brownlie LC. Healthy lifestyles and wellbeing reduce neuroinflammation and prevent neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1092537. [PMID: 36875655 PMCID: PMC9975355 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1092537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the mid-20th century, Western societies have considered productivity and economic outcomes are more important than focusing on people's health and wellbeing. This focus has created lifestyles with high stress levels, associated with overconsumption of unhealthy foods and little exercise, which negatively affect people's lives, and subsequently lead to the development of pathologies, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Prioritizing a healthy lifestyle to maintain wellbeing may slow the onset or reduce the severity of pathologies. It is a win-win for everyone; for societies and for individuals. A balanced lifestyle is increasingly being adopted globally, with many doctors encouraging meditation and prescribing non-pharmaceutical interventions to treat depression. In psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, the inflammatory response system of the brain (neuroinflammation) is activated. Many risks factors are now known to be linked to neuroinflammation such as stress, pollution, and a high saturated and trans fat diet. On the other hand, many studies have linked healthy habits and anti-inflammatory products with lower levels of neuroinflammation and a reduced risk of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Sharing risk and protective factors is critical so that individuals can make informed choices that promote positive aging throughout their lifespan. Most strategies to manage neurodegenerative diseases are palliative because neurodegeneration has been progressing silently for decades before symptoms appear. Here, we focus on preventing neurodegenerative diseases by adopting an integrated "healthy" lifestyle approach. This review summarizes the role of neuroinflammation on risk and protective factors of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Kip
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Louise C Parr-Brownlie
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Yang Z, Banks SJ, Ritter AR, Cummings JL, Sreenivasan K, Kinney JW, Caldwell JK, Wong CG, Miller JB, Cordes D. Microglial Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Relationship to Brain Amyloid: A Human 18F-GE180 PET Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1505-1514. [PMID: 37980664 PMCID: PMC10894577 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests a potential causal role of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using positron emission tomography (PET) to image overexpressed 18 kDA translocator protein (TSPO) by activated microglia has gained increasing interest. The uptake of 18F-GE180 TSPO PET was observed to co-localize with inflammatory markers and have a two-stage association with amyloid PET in mice. Very few studies evaluated the diagnostic power of 18F-GE180 PET in AD population and its interpretation in human remains controversial about whether it is a marker of microglial activation or merely reflects disrupted blood-brain barrier integrity in humans. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to study human GE180 from the perspective of the previous animal observations. METHODS With data from twenty-four participants having 18F-GE180 and 18F-AV45 PET scans, we evaluated the group differences of 18F-GE180 uptake between participants with and without cognitive impairment. An association analysis of 18F-GE180 and 18F-AV45 was then conducted to test if the relationship in humans is consistent with the two-stage association in AD mouse model. RESULTS Elevated 18F-GE180 was observed in participants with cognitive impairment compared to those with normal cognition. No regions showed reduced 18F-GE180 uptake. Consistent with mouse model, a two-stage association between 18F-GE180 and 18F-AV45 was observed. CONCLUSIONS 18F-GE180 PET imaging showed promising utility in detecting pathological alterations in a symptomatic AD population. Consistent two-stage association between 18F-GE180 and amyloid PET in human and mouse suggested that 18F-GE180 uptake in human might be considerably influenced by microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshi Yang
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Department of Brain Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | | | - Aaron R. Ritter
- Hoag’s Pickup Family Neurosciences Institute, Newport Beach, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Cummings
- Department of Brain Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Karthik Sreenivasan
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Department of Brain Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jefferson W. Kinney
- Department of Brain Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Pam Quirk Brain Health and Biomarker Laboratory, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | | | - Christina G. Wong
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Justin B. Miller
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Dietmar Cordes
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Department of Brain Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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Real CC, Binda KH, Thomsen MB, Lillethorup TP, Brooks DJ, Landau AM. Selecting the Best Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease for Your Research Purpose: Insight from in vivo PET Imaging Studies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1241-1272. [PMID: 36797611 PMCID: PMC10286593 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230216101659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative multisystem disorder leading to motor and non-motor symptoms in millions of individuals. Despite intense research, there is still no cure, and early disease biomarkers are lacking. Animal models of PD have been inspired by basic elements of its pathogenesis, such as dopamine dysfunction, alpha-synuclein accumulation, neuroinflammation and disruption of protein degradation, and these have been crucial for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of pathology, the identification of biomarkers, and evaluation of novel therapies. Imaging biomarkers are non-invasive tools to assess disease progression and response to therapies; their discovery and validation have been an active field of translational research. Here, we highlight different considerations of animal models of PD that can be applied to future research, in terms of their suitability to answer different research questions. We provide the reader with important considerations of the best choice of model to use based on the disease features of each model, including issues related to different species. In addition, positron emission tomography studies conducted in PD animal models in the last 5 years are presented. With a variety of different species, interventions and genetic information, the choice of the most appropriate model to answer research questions can be daunting, especially since no single model recapitulates all aspects of this complex disorder. Appropriate animal models in conjunction with in vivo molecular imaging tools, if selected properly, can be a powerful combination for the assessment of novel therapies and developing tools for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cristiano Real
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karina Henrique Binda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Majken Borup Thomsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thea Pinholt Lillethorup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David James Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, University of Newcastle, Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anne Marlene Landau
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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9
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Martinez-Orengo N, Tahmazian S, Lai J, Wang Z, Sinharay S, Schreiber-Stainthorp W, Basuli F, Maric D, Reid W, Shah S, Hammoud DA. Assessing organ-level immunoreactivity in a rat model of sepsis using TSPO PET imaging. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010263. [PMID: 36439175 PMCID: PMC9685400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is current need for new approaches to assess/measure organ-level immunoreactivity and ensuing dysfunction in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis, in order to protect or recover organ function. Using a rat model of systemic sterile inflammatory shock (intravenous LPS administration), we performed PET imaging with a translocator protein (TSPO) tracer, [18F]DPA-714, as a biomarker for reactive immunoreactive changes in the brain and peripheral organs. In vivo dynamic PET/CT scans showed increased [18F]DPA-714 binding in the brain, lungs, liver and bone marrow, 4 hours after LPS injection. Post-LPS mean standard uptake values (SUVmean) at equilibrium were significantly higher in those organs compared to baseline. Changes in spleen [18F]DPA-714 binding were variable but generally decreased after LPS. SUVmean values in all organs, except the spleen, positively correlated with several serum cytokines/chemokines. In vitro measures of TSPO expression and immunofluorescent staining validated the imaging results. Noninvasive molecular imaging with [18F]DPA-714 PET in a rat model of systemic sterile inflammatory shock, along with in vitro measures of TSPO expression, showed brain, liver and lung inflammation, spleen monocytic efflux/lymphocytic activation and suggested increased bone marrow hematopoiesis. TSPO PET imaging can potentially be used to quantify SIRS and sepsis-associated organ-level immunoreactivity and assess the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventative approaches for associated organ failures, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neysha Martinez-Orengo
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sarine Tahmazian
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jianhao Lai
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zeping Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sanhita Sinharay
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - William Schreiber-Stainthorp
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - William Reid
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Swati Shah
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dima A. Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Dima A. Hammoud,
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10
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Efficient and automatic synthesis of TSPO PET ligand [18F]-GE-180 and its application in rheumatoid arthritis model. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 184:110213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Crișan G, Moldovean-Cioroianu NS, Timaru DG, Andrieș G, Căinap C, Chiș V. Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT Imaging: A Literature Review over the Last Decade. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5023. [PMID: 35563414 PMCID: PMC9103893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) uses radioactive tracers and enables the functional imaging of several metabolic processes, blood flow measurements, regional chemical composition, and/or chemical absorption. Depending on the targeted processes within the living organism, different tracers are used for various medical conditions, such as cancer, particular brain pathologies, cardiac events, and bone lesions, where the most commonly used tracers are radiolabeled with 18F (e.g., [18F]-FDG and NA [18F]). Oxygen-15 isotope is mostly involved in blood flow measurements, whereas a wide array of 11C-based compounds have also been developed for neuronal disorders according to the affected neuroreceptors, prostate cancer, and lung carcinomas. In contrast, the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technique uses gamma-emitting radioisotopes and can be used to diagnose strokes, seizures, bone illnesses, and infections by gauging the blood flow and radio distribution within tissues and organs. The radioisotopes typically used in SPECT imaging are iodine-123, technetium-99m, xenon-133, thallium-201, and indium-111. This systematic review article aims to clarify and disseminate the available scientific literature focused on PET/SPECT radiotracers and to provide an overview of the conducted research within the past decade, with an additional focus on the novel radiopharmaceuticals developed for medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Crișan
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, County Clinical Hospital, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | | | - Diana-Gabriela Timaru
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
| | - Gabriel Andrieș
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, County Clinical Hospital, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Călin Căinap
- The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, Republicii 34-36, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vasile Chiș
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Str. Fântânele 30, 400327 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12
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Chen Y, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Yan G, Pan D, Wang L, Yang M, Wang K. PET imaging of retinal inflammation in mice exposed to blue light using [ 18F]-DPA-714. Mol Vis 2022; 28:507-515. [PMID: 37089700 PMCID: PMC10115360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used in high-precision imaging, which may provide a simple and noninvasive method for the detection of pathology and therapeutic effects. [18F]-DPA-714 is a second-generation translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography radiotracer that shows great promise in a model of neuroinflammation. In this study, [18F]-DPA-714 micro-PET imaging was used to evaluate retinal inflammation in mice exposed to blue light, a well-established model of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) for molecular mechanism research and drug screening. Methods C57BL/6J melanized mice were subjected to 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 lux blue light for 5 days (8 h/day) to develop the retinal injury model, and the structure and function of the retina were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, electroretinography (ERG), and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) immunostaining. Then, [18F]-DPA-714 was injected approximately 100 μCi through each tail vein, and static imaging was performed 1 h after injection. Finally, the mice eyeballs were collected for biodistribution and immune analysis. Results The blue light exposure significantly destroyed the structure and function of the retina, and the uptake of [18F]-DPA-714 in the retinas of the mice exposed to blue light were the most significantly upregulated, which was consistent with the biodistribution data. In addition, the immunohistochemical, western blot, and immunofluorescence data showed an increase in microglial TSPO expression. Conclusions [18F]-DPA-714 micro-PET imaging might be a good method for evaluating early inflammatory status during retinal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yixiang Zhou
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ge Yan
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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13
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Delage C, Vignal N, Guerin C, Taib T, Barboteau C, Mamma C, Khacef K, Margaill I, Sarda-Mantel L, Rizzo-Padoin N, Hontonnou F, Marchand-Leroux C, Lerouet D, Hosten B, Besson V. From positron emission tomography to cell analysis of the 18-kDa Translocator Protein in mild traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24009. [PMID: 34907268 PMCID: PMC8671393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to a deleterious neuroinflammation, originating from microglial activation. Monitoring microglial activation is an indispensable step to develop therapeutic strategies for TBI. In this study, we evaluated the use of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in positron emission tomography (PET) and cellular analysis to monitor microglial activation in a mild TBI mouse model. TBI was induced on male Swiss mice. PET imaging analysis with [18F]FEPPA, a TSPO radiotracer, was performed at 1, 3 and 7 days post-TBI and flow cytometry analysis on brain at 1 and 3 days post-TBI. PET analysis showed no difference in TSPO expression between non-operated, sham-operated and TBI mice. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated an increase in TSPO expression in ipsilateral brain 3 days post-TBI, especially in microglia, macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils. Moreover, microglia represent only 58.3% of TSPO+ cells in the brain. Our results raise the question of the use of TSPO radiotracer to monitor microglial activation after TBI. More broadly, flow cytometry results point the lack of specificity of TSPO for microglia and imply that microglia contribute to the overall increase in TSPO in the brain after TBI, but is not its only contributor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Delage
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la circulation cérébrale, Paris, France.
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Inserm UMR-S 1144 - Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Vignal
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Inserm UMR-S 1144 - Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, Paris, France
| | - Coralie Guerin
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Inserm, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Cytometry Core, 75005, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Inserm UMS 3612 CNRS - US25 Inserm -Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Toufik Taib
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la circulation cérébrale, Paris, France
| | - Clément Barboteau
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Inserm UMR-S 1144 - Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Célia Mamma
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la circulation cérébrale, Paris, France
| | - Kahina Khacef
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la circulation cérébrale, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Margaill
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la circulation cérébrale, Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Inserm UMR-S 1140, Paris, France
| | - Laure Sarda-Mantel
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rizzo-Padoin
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, Paris, France
- CHU de Martinique, Service Pharmacie, Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman, Fort-de-France, France
| | - Fortune Hontonnou
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Inserm UMR-S 942, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Marchand-Leroux
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la circulation cérébrale, Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Inserm UMR-S 1144 - Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Lerouet
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la circulation cérébrale, Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Inserm UMR-S 1144 - Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Hosten
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Inserm UMR-S 1144 - Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service Pharmacie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Besson
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, EA4475 - Pharmacologie de la circulation cérébrale, Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Inserm UMR-S 1144 - Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
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14
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Van Camp N, Lavisse S, Roost P, Gubinelli F, Hillmer A, Boutin H. TSPO imaging in animal models of brain diseases. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:77-109. [PMID: 34245328 PMCID: PMC8712305 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the 18-kDa TSPO protein has been considered as the PET imaging biomarker of reference to measure increased neuroinflammation. Generally assumed to image activated microglia, TSPO has also been detected in endothelial cells and activated astrocytes. Here, we provide an exhaustive overview of the recent literature on the TSPO-PET imaging (i) in the search and development of new TSPO tracers and (ii) in the understanding of acute and chronic neuroinflammation in animal models of neurological disorders. Generally, studies testing new TSPO radiotracers against the prototypic [11C]-R-PK11195 or more recent competitors use models of acute focal neuroinflammation (e.g. stroke or lipopolysaccharide injection). These studies have led to the development of over 60 new tracers during the last 15 years. These studies highlighted that interpretation of TSPO-PET is easier in acute models of focal lesions, whereas in chronic models with lower or diffuse microglial activation, such as models of Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, TSPO quantification for detection of neuroinflammation is more challenging, mirroring what is observed in clinic. Moreover, technical limitations of preclinical scanners provide a drawback when studying modest neuroinflammation in small brains (e.g. in mice). Overall, this review underlines the value of TSPO imaging to study the time course or response to treatment of neuroinflammation in acute or chronic models of diseases. As such, TSPO remains the gold standard biomarker reference for neuroinflammation, waiting for new radioligands for other, more specific targets for neuroinflammatory processes and/or immune cells to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Van Camp
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sonia Lavisse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pauline Roost
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Francesco Gubinelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ansel Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hervé Boutin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Brain and Mental Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, 27 Palatine Road, M20 3LJ, Manchester, UK.
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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15
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Ramakrishnan NK, Hird M, Thompson S, Williamson DJ, Qiao L, Owen DR, Brooks AF, Scott PJH, Bacallado S, O'Brien JT, Aigbirhio FI. Preclinical evaluation of (S)-[ 18F]GE387, a novel 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) PET radioligand with low binding sensitivity to human polymorphism rs6971. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:125-136. [PMID: 34405276 PMCID: PMC8712295 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Positron emission tomography (PET) studies with radioligands for 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) have been instrumental in increasing our understanding of the complex role neuroinflammation plays in disorders affecting the brain. However, (R)-[11C]PK11195, the first and most widely used TSPO radioligand has limitations, while the next-generation TSPO radioligands have suffered from high interindividual variability in binding due to a genetic polymorphism in the TSPO gene (rs6971). Herein, we present the biological evaluation of the two enantiomers of [18F]GE387, which we have previously shown to have low sensitivity to this polymorphism. METHODS Dynamic PET scans were conducted in male Wistar rats and female rhesus macaques to investigate the in vivo behaviour of (S)-[18F]GE387 and (R)-[18F]GE387. The specific binding of (S)-[18F]GE387 to TSPO was investigated by pre-treatment with (R)-PK11195. (S)-[18F]GE387 was further evaluated in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. Sensitivity to polymorphism of (S)-GE387 was evaluated in genotyped human brain tissue. RESULTS (S)-[18F]GE387 and (R)-[18F]GE387 entered the brain in both rats and rhesus macaques. (R)-PK11195 blocked the uptake of (S)-[18F]GE387 in healthy olfactory bulb and peripheral tissues constitutively expressing TSPO. A 2.7-fold higher uptake of (S)-[18F]GE387 was found in the inflamed striatum of LPS-treated rodents. In genotyped human brain tissue, (S)-GE387 was shown to bind similarly in low affinity binders (LABs) and high affinity binders (HABs) with a LAB to HAB ratio of 1.8. CONCLUSION We established that (S)-[18F]GE387 has favourable kinetics in healthy rats and non-human primates and that it can distinguish inflamed from normal brain regions in the LPS model of neuroinflammation. Crucially, we have reconfirmed its low sensitivity to the TSPO polymorphism on genotyped human brain tissue. Based on these factors, we conclude that (S)-[18F]GE387 warrants further evaluation with studies on human subjects to assess its suitability as a TSPO PET radioligand for assessing neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha K Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Imaging Chemistry Laboratory, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.
| | - Matthew Hird
- Molecular Imaging Chemistry Laboratory, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Stephen Thompson
- Molecular Imaging Chemistry Laboratory, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - David J Williamson
- Molecular Imaging Chemistry Laboratory, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Luxi Qiao
- Molecular Imaging Chemistry Laboratory, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - David R Owen
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sergio Bacallado
- Statistical Laboratory, Centre for the Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Rd., Cambridge, CB3 0WB, UK
| | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Franklin I Aigbirhio
- Molecular Imaging Chemistry Laboratory, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
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16
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Lee SH, Denora N, Laquintana V, Mangiatordi GF, Lopedota A, Lopalco A, Cutrignelli A, Franco M, Delre P, Song IH, Kim HW, Kim SB, Park HS, Kim K, Lee SY, Youn H, Lee BC, Kim SE. Radiosynthesis and characterization of [ 18F]BS224: a next-generation TSPO PET ligand insensitive to the rs6971 polymorphism. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:110-124. [PMID: 34783879 PMCID: PMC8712300 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Translocator protein 18-kDa (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) is a valuable tool to detect neuroinflammed areas in a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the clinical application of second-generation TSPO ligands as biomarkers is limited because of the presence of human rs6971 polymorphism that affects their binding. Here, we describe the ability of a new TSPO ligand, [18F]BS224, to identify abnormal TSPO expression in neuroinflammation independent of the rs6971 polymorphism. METHODS An in vitro competitive inhibition assay of BS224 was conducted with [3H]PK 11195 using membrane proteins isolated from 293FT cells expressing TSPO-wild type (WT) or TSPO-mutant A147T (Mut), corresponding to a high-affinity binder (HAB) and low-affinity binder (LAB), respectively. Molecular docking was performed to investigate the interaction of BS224 with the binding sites of rat TSPO-WT and TSPO-Mut. We synthesized a new 18F-labeled imidazopyridine acetamide ([18F]BS224) using boronic acid pinacol ester 6 or iodotoluene tosylate precursor 7, respectively, via aromatic 18F-fluorination. Dynamic PET scanning was performed up to 90 min after the injection of [18F]BS224 to healthy mice, and PET imaging data were obtained to estimate its absorbed doses in organs. To evaluate in vivo TSPO-specific uptake of [18F]BS224, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory and ischemic stroke rat models were used. RESULTS BS224 exhibited a high affinity (Ki = 0.51 nM) and selectivity for TSPO. The ratio of IC50 values of BS224 for LAB to that for HAB indicated that the TSPO binding affinity of BS224 has low binding sensitivity to the rs6971 polymorphism and it was comparable to that of PK 11195, which is not sensitive to the polymorphism. Docking simulations showed that the binding mode of BS224 is not affected by the A147T mutation and consequently supported the observed in vitro selectivity of [18F]BS224 regardless of polymorphisms. With optimal radiochemical yield (39 ± 6.8%, decay-corrected) and purity (> 99%), [18F]BS224 provided a clear visible image of the inflammatory lesion with a high signal-to-background ratio in both animal models (BPND = 1.43 ± 0.17 and 1.57 ± 0.37 in the LPS-induced inflammatory and ischemic stroke rat models, respectively) without skull uptake. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that [18F]BS224 may be a promising TSPO ligand to gauge neuroinflammatory disease-related areas in a broad range of patients irrespective of the common rs6971 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620 Republic of Korea
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Angela Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Franco
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Delre
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - In Ho Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620 Republic of Korea
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620 Republic of Korea
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620 Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, 16229 Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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17
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Li J, Shao D, Jiang D, Huang Q, Guan Y, Lai B, Zhao J, Hua F, Xie F. Alteration of neuroinflammation detected by 18F-GE180 PET imaging in place-conditioned rats with morphine withdrawal. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:103. [PMID: 34637020 PMCID: PMC8511235 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates that neuroinflammation (NI) significantly contributes to drug addiction, but the conversion of NI after drug withdrawal is not clear. Here, we conducted 18F-flutriciclamide (GE180) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to investigate the conversion of NI during drug withdrawal and conditioning-induced aversion by measuring the change in microglial activation with 18F-GE180. METHODS Twelve male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to morphine withdrawal by the administration of naloxone, and six of them were used to model conditioned place aversion (CPA). 18F-GE180 PET imaging was performed for 11 rats on the last day of the morphine treatment phase and for 10 rats on the response assessment phase of the behavior conditioning procedure. A 18F-GE180 template was established for spatial normalization of each individual image, and the differential 18F-GE180 uptakes between the drug withdrawal (DW) group and the drug addiction (DA) group, the CPA group and the DA group, and the CPA group and the DW group were compared by a voxel-wise two-sample t test using SPM8. RESULTS Both the DW group and the CPA group spent less time in the conditioning cage during the post-test phase compared with the pretest phase, but only the difference in the CPA group was significant (63.2 ± 34.6 vs. - 159.53 ± 22.02, P < 0.005). Compared with the DA group, the uptake of 18F-GE180 increased mainly in the hippocampus, visual cortex, thalamus and midbrain regions and decreased mainly in the sensory-related cortices after the administration of naloxone in both the DW and CPA groups. Increased 18F-GE180 uptake was only observed in the mesolimbic regions after conditioned aversion compared with the DW group. CONCLUSION In morphine-dependent rats, Neuroinflammation (NI) became more severe in the addiction-involved brain regions but remitted in the sensory-related brain regions after the administration of naloxone, and this NI induced by withdrawal was further aggravated after conditioned aversion formation thus may help to consolidate the withdrawal memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Li
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Da Shao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Research Center of Translation Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donglang Jiang
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qi Huang
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bin Lai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dongfang Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Fengchun Hua
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Fang Xie
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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18
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Resolving the cellular specificity of TSPO imaging in a rat model of peripherally-induced neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:154-167. [PMID: 34052363 PMCID: PMC8323128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased expression of 18 kDa Translocator protein (TSPO) is one of the few available biomarkers of neuroinflammation that can be assessed in humans in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET). TSPO PET imaging of the central nervous system (CNS) has been widely undertaken, but to date no clear consensus has been reached about its utility in brain disorders. One reason for this could be because the interpretation of TSPO PET signal remains challenging, given the cellular heterogeneity and ubiquity of TSPO in the brain. The aim of the current study was to ascertain if TSPO PET imaging can be used to detect neuroinflammation induced by a peripheral treatment with a low dose of the endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in a rat model (ip LPS), and investigate the origin of TSPO signal changes in terms of their cellular sources and regional distribution. An initial pilot study utilising both [18F]DPA-714 and [11C]PK11195 TSPO radiotracers demonstrated [18F]DPA-714 to exhibit a significantly higher lesion-related signal in the intracerebral LPS rat model (ic LPS) than [11C]PK11195. Subsequently, [18F]DPA-714 was selected for use in the ip LPS study. Twenty-four hours after ip LPS, there was an increased uptake of [18F]DPA-714 across the whole brain. Further analyses of regions of interest, using immunohistochemistry and RNAscope Multiplex fluorescence V2 in situ hybridization technology, showed TSPO expression in microglia, monocyte derived-macrophages, astrocytes, neurons and endothelial cells. The expression of TSPO was significantly increased after ip LPS in a region-dependent manner: with increased microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages and astrocytes in the substantia nigra, in contrast to the hippocampus where TSPO was mostly confined to microglia and astrocytes. In summary, our data demonstrate the robust detection of peripherally-induced neuroinflammation in the CNS utilising the TSPO PET radiotracer, [18F]DPA-714, and importantly, confirm that the resultant increase in TSPO signal increase arises mostly from a combination of microglia, astrocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages.
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current therapeutic strategies to mitigate heart failure progression after myocardial infarction involve support of endogenous repair through molecular targets. The capacity for repair varies greatly between individuals. In this review, we will assess how cardiac PET/CT enables precise characterization of early pathogenetic processes which govern ventricle remodeling and progression to heart failure. RECENT FINDINGS Inflammation in the first days after myocardial infarction predicts subsequent functional decline and can influence therapy decisions. The expansion of anti-inflammatory approaches to improve outcomes after myocardial infarction may benefit from noninvasive characterization using imaging. Novel probes also allow visualization of fibroblast transdifferentiation and activation, as a precursor to ventricle remodeling. The expanding arsenal of molecular imaging agents in parallel with new treatment options provides opportunity to harmonize diagnostic imaging with precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Thackeray
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany.
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20
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Chaney AM, Lopez-Picon FR, Serrière S, Wang R, Bochicchio D, Webb SD, Vandesquille M, Harte MK, Georgiadou C, Lawrence C, Busson J, Vercouillie J, Tauber C, Buron F, Routier S, Reekie T, Snellman A, Kassiou M, Rokka J, Davies KE, Rinne JO, Salih DA, Edwards FA, Orton LD, Williams SR, Chalon S, Boutin H. Prodromal neuroinflammatory, cholinergic and metabolite dysfunction detected by PET and MRS in the TgF344-AD transgenic rat model of AD: a collaborative multi-modal study. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6644-6667. [PMID: 34093845 PMCID: PMC8171096 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are valuable but do not fully recapitulate human AD pathology, such as spontaneous Tau fibril accumulation and neuronal loss, necessitating the development of new AD models. The transgenic (TG) TgF344-AD rat has been reported to develop age-dependent AD features including neuronal loss and neurofibrillary tangles, despite only expressing APP and PSEN1 mutations, suggesting an improved modelling of AD hallmarks. Alterations in neuronal networks as well as learning performance and cognition tasks have been reported in this model, but none have combined a longitudinal, multimodal approach across multiple centres, which mimics the approaches commonly taken in clinical studies. We therefore aimed to further characterise the progression of AD-like pathology and cognition in the TgF344-AD rat from young-adults (6 months (m)) to mid- (12 m) and advanced-stage (18 m, 25 m) of the disease. Methods: TgF344-AD rats and wild-type (WT) littermates were imaged at 6 m, 12 m and 18 m with [18F]DPA-714 (TSPO, neuroinflammation), [18F]Florbetaben (Aβ) and [18F]ASEM (α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) and with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and with (S)-[18F]THK5117 (Tau) at 15 and 25 m. Behaviour tests were also performed at 6 m, 12 m and 18 m. Immunohistochemistry (CD11b, GFAP, Aβ, NeuN, NeuroChrom) and Tau (S)-[18F]THK5117 autoradiography, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were also performed. Results: [18F]DPA-714 positron emission tomography (PET) showed an increase in neuroinflammation in TG vs wildtype animals from 12 m in the hippocampus (+11%), and at the advanced-stage AD in the hippocampus (+12%), the thalamus (+11%) and frontal cortex (+14%). This finding coincided with strong increases in brain microgliosis (CD11b) and astrogliosis (GFAP) at these time-points as assessed by immunohistochemistry. In vivo [18F]ASEM PET revealed an age-dependent increase uptake in the striatum and pallidum/nucleus basalis of Meynert in WT only, similar to that observed with this tracer in humans, resulting in TG being significantly lower than WT by 18 m. In vivo [18F]Florbetaben PET scanning detected Aβ accumulation at 18 m, and (S)-[18F]THK5117 PET revealed subsequent Tau accumulation at 25m in hippocampal and cortical regions. Aβ plaques were low but detectable by immunohistochemistry from 6 m, increasing further at 12 and 18 m with Tau-positive neurons adjacent to Aβ plaques at 18 m. NeuroChrom (a pan neuronal marker) immunohistochemistry revealed a loss of neuronal staining at the Aβ plaques locations, while NeuN labelling revealed an age-dependent decrease in hippocampal neuron number in both genotypes. Behavioural assessment using the novel object recognition task revealed that both WT & TgF344-AD animals discriminated the novel from familiar object at 3 m and 6 m of age. However, low levels of exploration observed in both genotypes at later time-points resulted in neither genotype successfully completing the task. Deficits in social interaction were only observed at 3 m in the TgF344-AD animals. By in vivo MRS, we showed a decrease in neuronal marker N-acetyl-aspartate in the hippocampus at 18 m (-18% vs age-matched WT, and -31% vs 6 m TG) and increased Taurine in the cortex of TG (+35% vs age-matched WT, and +55% vs 6 m TG). Conclusions: This multi-centre multi-modal study demonstrates, for the first time, alterations in brain metabolites, cholinergic receptors and neuroinflammation in vivo in this model, validated by robust ex vivo approaches. Our data confirm that, unlike mouse models, the TgF344-AD express Tau pathology that can be detected via PET, albeit later than by ex vivo techniques, and is a useful model to assess and longitudinally monitor early neurotransmission dysfunction and neuroinflammation in AD.
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21
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Chang CW, Chiu CH, Lin MH, Wu HM, Yu TH, Wang PY, Kuo YY, Huang YY, Shiue CY, Huang WS, Yeh SHH. GMP-compliant fully automated radiosynthesis of [ 18F]FEPPA for PET/MRI imaging of regional brain TSPO expression. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:26. [PMID: 33725191 PMCID: PMC7966678 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of translocator protein (TSPO) on the outer mitochondrial membrane of activated microglia is strongly associated with neuroinflammation. The second-generation PET ligand [18F]FEPPA specifically binds TSPO to enable in vivo visualization and quantification of neuroinflammation. We optimized a fully automated radiosynthesis method and evaluated the utility of [18F]FEPPA, the second-generation PET ligand specifically binds TSPO, in a mouse model of systemic LPS challenge to detect TSPO-associated signals of central and peripheral inflammation. In vivo dynamic PET/MR imaging was performed in LPS-induced and control mice after [18F]FEPPA administration. The relationship between the [18F]FEPPA signal and the dose of LPS was assessed. The cytokine levels (i.e., TNF-α, Il-1β, Il-6) in LPS-induced mice were measured by RT-PCR. Standard uptake value (SUV), total volume of distribution (VT) and area under the curve (AUC) were determined based on the metabolite-uncorrected plasma input function. Western blotting and immunostaining were used to measure TSPO expression in the brain. Results The fully automated [18F]FEPPA radiosynthesis produced an uncorrected radiochemical yield of 30 ± 2% within 80 min, with a radiochemical purity greater than 99% and specific activity of 148.9‒216.8 GBq/µmol. Significant differences were observed in the brain after [18F]FEPPA administration: SUV, VT and AUC were 1.61 ± 0.1, 1.25 ± 0.12 and 1.58 ± 0.09-fold higher in LPS-injected mice than controls. TNF-α, Il-1β and Il-6 mRNA levels were also elevated in the brains of LPS-injected mice. Western blotting revealed TSPO (p < 0.05) and Iba-1 (p < 0.01) were upregulated in the brain after LPS administration. In LPS-injected mice, TSPO immunoactivity colocalized with Iba-1 in the cerebrum and TSPO was significantly overexpressed in the hippocampus and cerebellum. The peripheral organs (heart, lung) of LPS-injected mice had higher [18F]FEPPA signal-to-noise ratios than control mice. Conclusions Based on the current data on ligand specificity and selectivity in central tissues using 7 T PET/MR imaging, we demonstrate that [18F]FEPPA accumulations significant increased in the specific brain regions of systemic LPS-induced neuroinflammation (5 mg/kg). Future investigations are needed to determine the sensitivity of [18F]FEPPA as a biomarker of neuroinflammation as well as the correlation between the PET signal intensity and the expression levels of TSPO. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13550-021-00768-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, The Institute of Radiological Sciences, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Hsin Chiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Camillian Saint Mary's Hospital Luodong, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wu
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsun Yu
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Yeh Wang
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yeh Kuo
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yao Huang
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyng-Yann Shiue
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Skye Hsin-Hsien Yeh
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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22
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Narayanaswami V, Tong J, Schifani C, Bloomfield PM, Dahl K, Vasdev N. Preclinical Evaluation of TSPO and MAO-B PET Radiotracers in an LPS Model of Neuroinflammation. PET Clin 2021; 16:233-247. [PMID: 33648665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of novel PET radiotracers targeting neuroinflammation (microglia and astrocytes) is actively pursued. Employing a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rat model, this longitudinal study evaluated the translocator protein 18-kDa radiotracer [18F]FEPPA (primarily microglia) and monoamine oxidase B radiotracers [11C]L-deprenyl and [11C]SL25.1188 (astrocytes preferred). Increased [18F]FEPPA binding peaked at 1 week in LPS-injected striatum whereas increased lazabemide-sensitive [11C]L-deprenyl binding developed later. No increase in radiotracer uptake was observed for [11C]SL25.1188. The unilateral intrastriatal LPS rat model may serve as a useful tool for benchmarking PET tracers targeted toward distinct phases of neuroinflammatory reactions involving both microglia and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Narayanaswami
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Room 270, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Room 339, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Christin Schifani
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Room 270, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Peter M Bloomfield
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Room B26A, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Kenneth Dahl
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Room B02, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Room PET G2, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada.
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23
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Rivière G, Jaipuria G, Andreas LB, Leonov A, Giller K, Becker S, Zweckstetter M. Membrane-embedded TSPO: an NMR view. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2021; 50:173-180. [PMID: 33354729 PMCID: PMC8071791 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Translocator Protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) is a mitochondrial transmembrane protein commonly used as a biomarker for neuroinflammation and is also a potential therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases. Despite intensive research efforts, the function of TSPO is still largely enigmatic. Deciphering TSPO structure in the native lipid environment is essential to gain insight into its cellular activities and to design improved diagnostic and therapeutic ligands. Here, we discuss the influence of lipid composition on the structure of mammalian TSPO embedded into lipid bilayers on the basis of solid-state NMR experiments. We further highlight that cholesterol can influence both the tertiary and quaternary TSPO structure and also influence TSPO localization in mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwladys Rivière
- Senior Research Group of Translational Structural Biology in Dementia, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Garima Jaipuria
- Senior Research Group of Translational Structural Biology in Dementia, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Loren B Andreas
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karin Giller
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- Senior Research Group of Translational Structural Biology in Dementia, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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24
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Zeng HM, Han HB, Zhang QF, Bai H. Application of modern neuroimaging technology in the diagnosis and study of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:73-79. [PMID: 32788450 PMCID: PMC7818875 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.286957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological abnormalities identified via neuroimaging are common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. However, it is not yet possible to easily detect these abnormalities using head computed tomography in the early stages of the disease. In this review, we evaluated the ways in which modern imaging techniques such as positron emission computed tomography, single photon emission tomography, magnetic resonance spectrum imaging, structural magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance perfusion weighted imaging, magnetic resonance sensitive weighted imaging, and functional magnetic resonance imaging have revealed specific changes not only in brain structure, but also in brain function in Alzheimer’s disease patients. The reviewed literature indicated that decreased fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism in the temporal and parietal lobes of Alzheimer’s disease patients is frequently observed via positron emission computed tomography. Furthermore, patients with Alzheimer’s disease often show a decreased N-acetylaspartic acid/creatine ratio and an increased myoinositol/creatine ratio revealed via magnetic resonance imaging. Atrophy of the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and posterior cingulate gyrus can be detected early using structural magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance sensitive weighted imaging can show small bleeds and abnormal iron metabolism. Task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging can display brain function activity through cerebral blood oxygenation. Resting functional magnetic resonance imaging can display the functional connection between brain neural networks. These are helpful for the differential diagnosis and experimental study of Alzheimer’s disease, and are valuable for exploring the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Duyun; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hua-Bo Han
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Duyun, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qi-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Duyun; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang; Medical Experiment Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Duyun, Guizhou Province, China
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25
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26
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Danon JJ, Tregeagle DFL, Kassiou M. Adventures in Translocation: Studies of the Translocator Protein (TSPO) 18 kDa. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein found embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane. A secondary target for the benzodiazepine diazepam, TSPO has been a protein of interest for researchers for decades, particularly owing to its well-established links to inflammatory conditions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has become a key biomarker for assessing microglial activation using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in patients with diseases ranging from atherosclerosis to Alzheimer’s disease. This Account describes research published by our group over the past 15 years surrounding the development of TSPO ligands and their use in probing the function of this high-value target.
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27
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Dinesh AA, Islam J, Khan J, Turkheimer F, Vernon AC. Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs: Cross Talk Between the Nervous and Innate Immune System. CNS Drugs 2020; 34:1229-1251. [PMID: 32975758 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-020-00765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence suggest that activation of microglia (innate immune cells in the central nervous system [CNS]) is present in a subset of patients with schizophrenia. The extent to which antipsychotic drug treatment contributes to or combats this effect remains unclear. To address this question, we reviewed the literature for evidence that antipsychotic exposure influences brain microglia as indexed by in vivo neuroimaging and post-mortem studies in patients with schizophrenia and experimental animal models. We found no clear evidence from clinical studies for an effect of antipsychotics on either translocator protein (TSPO) radioligand binding (an in vivo neuroimaging measure of putative gliosis) or markers of brain microglia in post-mortem studies. In experimental animals, where drug and illness effects may be differentiated, we also found no clear evidence for consistent effects of antipsychotic drugs on TSPO radioligand binding. By contrast, we found evidence that chronic antipsychotic exposure may influence central microglia density and morphology. However, these effects were dependent on the dose and duration of drug exposure and whether an immune stimulus was present or not. In the latter case, antipsychotics were generally reported to suppress expression of inflammatory cytokines and inducible inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase and microglia activation. No clear conclusions could be drawn with regard to any effect of antipsychotics on brain microglia from current clinical data. There is evidence to suggest that antipsychotic drugs influence brain microglia in experimental animals, including possible anti-inflammatory actions. However, we lack detailed information on how these drugs influence brain microglia function at the molecular level. The clinical relevance of the animal data with regard to beneficial treatment effects and detrimental side effects of antipsychotic drugs also remains unknown, and further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Anna Dinesh
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juned Islam
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Javad Khan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RT, United Kingdom.
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Cipollina G, Davari Serej A, Di Nolfi G, Gazzano A, Marsala A, Spatafora MG, Peviani M. Heterogeneity of Neuroinflammatory Responses in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Challenge or an Opportunity? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7923. [PMID: 33113845 PMCID: PMC7662281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a complex pathology: (i) the neurodegeneration is chronic and progressive; it starts focally in specific central nervous system (CNS) areas and spreads to different districts; (ii) multiple cell types further than motor neurons (i.e., glial/immune system cells) are actively involved in the disease; (iii) both neurosupportive and neurotoxic neuroinflammatory responses were identified. Microglia cells (a key player of neuroinflammation in the CNS) attracted great interest as potential target cell population that could be modulated to counteract disease progression, at least in preclinical ALS models. However, the heterogeneous/multifaceted microglia cell responses occurring in different CNS districts during the disease represent a hurdle for clinical translation of single-drug therapies. To address this issue, over the past ten years, several studies attempted to dissect the complexity of microglia responses in ALS. In this review, we shall summarize these results highlighting how the heterogeneous signature displayed by ALS microglia reflects not only the extent of neuronal demise in different regions of the CNS, but also variable engagement in the attempts to cope with the neuronal damage. We shall discuss novel avenues opened by the advent of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics technologies, underlining the potential for discovery of novel therapeutic targets, as well as more specific diagnostic/prognostic not-invasive markers of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Peviani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.S.); (G.D.N.); (A.G.); (A.M.); (M.G.S.)
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Longitudinal translocator protein-18 kDa-positron emission tomography imaging of peripheral and central myeloid cells in a mouse model of complex regional pain syndrome. Pain 2020; 160:2136-2148. [PMID: 31095093 PMCID: PMC6527343 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Longitudinal positron emission tomography of translocator protein-18 kDa revealed early central, and persistent peripheral, myeloid activation in a mouse tibial fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a severely disabling disease characterized by pain, temperature changes, motor dysfunction, and edema that most often occurs as an atypical response to a minor surgery or fracture. Inflammation involving activation and recruitment of innate immune cells, including both peripheral and central myeloid cells (ie, macrophages and microglia, respectively), is a key feature of CRPS. However, the exact role and time course of these cellular processes relative to the known acute and chronic phases of the disease are not fully understood. Positron emission tomography (PET) of translocator protein-18 kDa (TSPO) is a method for noninvasively tracking these activated innate immune cells. Here, we reveal the temporal dynamics of peripheral and central inflammatory responses over 20 weeks in a tibial fracture/casting mouse model of CRPS through longitudinal TSPO-PET using [18F]GE-180. Positron emission tomography tracer uptake quantification in the tibia revealed increased peripheral inflammation as early as 2 days after fracture and lasting 7 weeks. Centralized inflammation was detected in the spinal cord and brain of fractured mice at 7 and 21 days after injury. Spinal cord tissue immunofluorescent staining revealed TSPO expression in microglia (CD11b+) at 7 days but was restricted mainly to endothelial cells (PECAM1+) at baseline and 7 weeks. Our data suggest early and persistent peripheral myeloid cell activation and transient central microglial activation are limited to the acute phase of CRPS. Moreover, we show that TSPO-PET can be used to noninvasively monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of myeloid cell activation in CRPS progression with potential to inform disease phase–specific therapeutics.
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Lepelletier FX, Vandesquille M, Asselin MC, Prenant C, Robinson AC, Mann DMA, Green M, Barnett E, Banister SD, Mottinelli M, Mesangeau C, McCurdy CR, Fricke IB, Jacobs AH, Kassiou M, Boutin H. Evaluation of 18F-IAM6067 as a sigma-1 receptor PET tracer for neurodegeneration in vivo in rodents and in human tissue. Theranostics 2020; 10:7938-7955. [PMID: 32724451 PMCID: PMC7381740 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The sigma 1 receptor (S1R) is widely expressed in the CNS and is mainly located on the endoplasmic reticulum. The S1R is involved in the regulation of many neurotransmission systems and, indirectly, in neurodegenerative diseases. The S1R may therefore represent an interesting neuronal biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD) or Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Here we present the characterisation of the S1R-specific 18F-labelled tracer 18F-IAM6067 in two animal models and in human brain tissue. Methods: Wistar rats were used for PET-CT imaging (60 min dynamic acquisition) and metabolite analysis (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 60 min post-injection). To verify in vivo selectivity, haloperidol, BD1047 (S1R ligand), CM398 (S2R ligand) and SB206553 (5HT2B/C antagonist) were administrated for pre-saturation studies. Excitotoxic lesions induced by intra-striatal injection of AMPA were also imaged by 18F-IAM6067 PET-CT to test the sensitivity of the methods in a well-established model of neuronal loss. Tracer brain uptake was also verified by autoradiography in rats and in a mouse model of PD (intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) unilateral lesion). Finally, human cortical binding was investigated by autoradiography in three groups of subjects (control subjects with Braak ≤2, and AD patients, Braak >2 & ≤4 and Braak >4 stages). Results: We demonstrate that despite rapid peripheral metabolism of 18F-IAM6067, radiolabelled metabolites were hardly detected in brain samples. Brain uptake of 18F-IAM6067 showed differences in S1R anatomical distribution, namely from high to low uptake: pons-raphe, thalamus medio-dorsal, substantia nigra, hypothalamus, cerebellum, cortical areas and striatum. Pre-saturation studies showed 79-90% blockade of the binding in all areas of the brain indicated above except with the 5HT2B/C antagonist SB206553 and S2R ligand CM398 which induced no significant blockade, indicating good specificity of 18F-IAM6067 for S1Rs. No difference between ipsi- and contralateral sides of the brain in the mouse model of PD was detected. AMPA lesion induced a significant 69% decrease in 18F-IAM6067 uptake in the globus pallidus matching the neuronal loss as measured by NeuN, but only a trend to decrease (-16%) in the caudate putamen despite a significant 91% decrease in neuronal count. Moreover, no difference in the human cortical binding was shown between AD groups and controls. Conclusion: This work shows that 18F-IAM6067 is a specific and selective S1R radiotracer. The absence or small changes in S1R detected here in animal models and human tissue warrants further investigations and suggests that S1R might not be the anticipated ideal biomarker for neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Lepelletier
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Vandesquille
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Claude Asselin
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Prenant
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical & Cognitive Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - David M A Mann
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Clinical & Cognitive Neurosciences, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Green
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Barnett
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marco Mottinelli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christophe Mesangeau
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- UF Translational Drug Development Core, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Inga B Fricke
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), Münster, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Johanniter Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hervé Boutin
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Sridharan S, Raffel J, Nandoskar A, Record C, Brooks DJ, Owen D, Sharp D, Muraro PA, Gunn R, Nicholas R. Confirmation of Specific Binding of the 18-kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) Radioligand [ 18F]GE-180: a Blocking Study Using XBD173 in Multiple Sclerosis Normal Appearing White and Grey Matter. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 21:935-944. [PMID: 30796709 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Measurements of non-displaceable binding (VND) of positron emission tomography (PET) ligands are not often made in vivo in humans because they require ligands to displace binding to target receptors and there are few readily available, safe ones to use. A technique to measure VND for ligands for the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) has recently been developed which compares the total volume of distribution (VT) before and after administration of the TSPO ligand XBD173. Here, we used XBD173 with an occupancy plot to quantify VND for two TSPO radiotracers, [18F]GE-180 and [11C]PBR28, in cohorts of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Additionally, we compared plots of subjects carrying high (HAB) or mixed binding (MAB) affinity polymorphisms of TSPO to estimate VND without receptor blockade. PROCEDURES Twelve people with MS underwent baseline MRI and 90-min dynamic [18F]GE-180 PET or [11C]PBR28 PET (n = 6; three HAB, three MAB each). Arterial blood sampling was used to generate plasma input functions for the two-tissue compartment model. VND was calculated using two independent methods: the occupancy plot (by modelling the differences in signal post XBD173) and the polymorphism plot (by modelling the differences in signal across presence and absence of rs6971 genotypes). RESULTS Whole brain VT (mean ± standard deviation) was 0.29 ± 0.17 ml/cm3 for [18F]GE-180 and 5.01 ± 1.88 ml/cm3 for [11C]PBR28. Using the occupancy and polymorphism plots respectively, VND for [18F]GE-180 was 0.11 ml/cm3 (95 % CI = 0.02, 0.16) and 0.20 ml/cm3 (0.16, 0.34), accounting for, on average, 55 % of VT in the whole brain. For [11C]PBR28, these values were 3.81 ml/cm3 (3.02, 4.21) and 3.49 ml/cm3 (1.38, 4.27), accounting for 67 % of average whole brain VT. CONCLUSIONS Although VT for [18F]GE-180 is low, indicating low brain penetration, half the signal shown by MS subjects reflected specific TSPO binding. VT for [11C]PBR28 was higher and two thirds of the binding was non-specific. No brain ROIs were devoid of specific signal, further confirming that true reference tissue approaches are potentially problematic for estimating TSPO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Sridharan
- Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Joel Raffel
- Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ashwini Nandoskar
- Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chris Record
- Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David J Brooks
- Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle upon Tyne University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Owen
- Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David Sharp
- Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paolo A Muraro
- Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Richard Nicholas
- Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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PET measurement of cyclooxygenase-2 using a novel radioligand: upregulation in primate neuroinflammation and first-in-human study. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:140. [PMID: 32359360 PMCID: PMC7195739 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is rapidly upregulated by inflammation, is a key enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of several inflammatory prostanoids. Successful positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand imaging of COX-2 in vivo could be a potentially powerful tool for assessing inflammatory response in the brain and periphery. To date, however, the development of PET radioligands for COX-2 has had limited success. Methods The novel PET tracer [11C]MC1 was used to examine COX-2 expression [1] in the brains of four rhesus macaques at baseline and after injection of the inflammogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the right putamen, and [2] in the joints of two human participants with rheumatoid arthritis and two healthy individuals. In the primate study, two monkeys had one LPS injection, and two monkeys had a second injection 33 and 44 days, respectively, after the first LPS injection. As a comparator, COX-1 expression was measured using [11C]PS13. Results COX-2 binding, expressed as the ratio of specific to nondisplaceable uptake (BPND) of [11C]MC1, increased on day 1 post-LPS injection; no such increase in COX-1 expression, measured using [11C]PS13, was observed. The day after the second LPS injection, a brain lesion (~ 0.5 cm in diameter) with high COX-2 density and high BPND (1.8) was observed. Postmortem brain analysis at the gene transcript or protein level confirmed in vivo PET results. An incidental finding in an unrelated monkey found a line of COX-2 positivity along an incision in skull muscle, demonstrating that [11C]MC1 can localize inflammation peripheral to the brain. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, [11C]MC1 successfully imaged upregulated COX-2 in the arthritic hand and shoulder and apparently in the brain. Uptake was blocked by celecoxib, a COX-2 preferential inhibitor. Conclusions Taken together, these results indicate that [11C]MC1 can image and quantify COX-2 upregulation in both monkey brain after LPS-induced neuroinflammation and in human peripheral tissue with inflammation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03912428. Registered April 11, 2019.
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Cuccione E, Chhour P, Si-Mohamed S, Dumot C, Kim J, Hubert V, Da Silva CC, Vandamme M, Chereul E, Balegamire J, Chevalier Y, Berthezène Y, Boussel L, Douek P, Cormode DP, Wiart M. Multicolor spectral photon counting CT monitors and quantifies therapeutic cells and their encapsulating scaffold in a model of brain damage. Nanotheranostics 2020; 4:129-141. [PMID: 32483519 PMCID: PMC7256015 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.45354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale & aim: Various types of cell therapies are currently under investigation for the treatment of ischemic stroke patients. To bridge the gap between cell administration and therapeutic outcome, there is a need for non-invasive monitoring of these innovative therapeutic approaches. Spectral photon counting computed tomography (SPCCT) is a new imaging modality that may be suitable for cell tracking. SPCCT is the next generation of clinical CT that allows the selective visualization and quantification of multiple contrast agents. The aims of this study are: (i) to demonstrate the feasibility of using SPCCT to longitudinally monitor and quantify therapeutic cells, i.e. bone marrow-derived M2-polarized macrophages transplanted in rats with brain damage; and (ii) to evaluate the potential of this approach to discriminate M2-polarized macrophages from their encapsulating scaffold. Methods: Twenty one rats received an intralesional transplantation of bone marrow-derived M2-polarized macrophages. In the first set of experiments, cells were labeled with gold nanoparticles and tracked for up to two weeks post-injection in a monocolor study via gold K-edge imaging. In the second set of experiments, the same protocol was repeated for a bicolor study, in which the labeled cells are embedded in iodine nanoparticle-labeled scaffold. The amount of gold in the brain was longitudinally quantified using gold K-edge images reconstructed from SPCCT acquisition. Animals were sacrificed at different time points post-injection, and ICP-OES was used to validate the accuracy of gold quantification from SPCCT imaging. Results: The feasibility of therapeutic cell tracking was successfully demonstrated in brain-damaged rats with SPCCT imaging. The imaging modality enabled cell monitoring for up to 2 weeks post-injection, in a specific and quantitative manner. Differentiation of labeled cells and their embedding scaffold was also feasible with SPCCT imaging, with a detection limit as low as 5,000 cells in a voxel of 250 × 250 × 250 µm in dimension in vivo. Conclusion: Multicolor SPCCT is an innovative translational imaging tool that allows monitoring and quantification of therapeutic cells and their encapsulating scaffold transplanted in the damaged rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cuccione
- CarMeN Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1060, INRA U1397, Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
- VOXCAN, 1 avenue Bourgelat, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Peter Chhour
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Salim Si-Mohamed
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220 - INSERM U1206 - University of Lyon 1 - INSA Lyon, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Radiology Department, Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Dumot
- CarMeN Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1060, INRA U1397, Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Johoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Violaine Hubert
- CarMeN Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1060, INRA U1397, Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Claire Crola Da Silva
- CarMeN Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1060, INRA U1397, Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Marc Vandamme
- VOXCAN, 1 avenue Bourgelat, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Joëlle Balegamire
- LAGEPP, University of Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, 43 bd 11 Novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Chevalier
- LAGEPP, University of Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, 43 bd 11 Novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Berthezène
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220 - INSERM U1206 - University of Lyon 1 - INSA Lyon, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Radiology Department, Lyon, France
| | - Loïc Boussel
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220 - INSERM U1206 - University of Lyon 1 - INSA Lyon, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Radiology Department, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Douek
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220 - INSERM U1206 - University of Lyon 1 - INSA Lyon, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Radiology Department, Lyon, France
| | - David P. Cormode
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marlène Wiart
- CarMeN Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1060, INRA U1397, Université Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France
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Dimitrova-Shumkovska J, Krstanoski L, Veenman L. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of TSPO Studies Regarding Neurodegenerative Diseases, Psychiatric Disorders, Alcohol Use Disorders, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Stroke: An Update. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040870. [PMID: 32252470 PMCID: PMC7226777 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and cell death are among the common symptoms of many central nervous system diseases and injuries. Neuroinflammation and programmed cell death of the various cell types in the brain appear to be part of these disorders, and characteristic for each cell type, including neurons and glia cells. Concerning the effects of 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) on glial activation, as well as being associated with neuronal cell death, as a response mechanism to oxidative stress, the changes of its expression assayed with the aid of TSPO-specific positron emission tomography (PET) tracers' uptake could also offer evidence for following the pathogenesis of these disorders. This could potentially increase the number of diagnostic tests to accurately establish the stadium and development of the disease in question. Nonetheless, the differences in results regarding TSPO PET signals of first and second generations of tracers measured in patients with neurological disorders versus healthy controls indicate that we still have to understand more regarding TSPO characteristics. Expanding on investigations regarding the neuroprotective and healing effects of TSPO ligands could also contribute to a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of TSPO activity for brain damage due to brain injury and disease. Studies so far have directed attention to the effects on neurons and glia, and processes, such as death, inflammation, and regeneration. It is definitely worthwhile to drive such studies forward. From recent research it also appears that TSPO ligands, such as PK11195, Etifoxine, Emapunil, and 2-Cl-MGV-1, demonstrate the potential of targeting TSPO for treatments of brain diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Dimitrova-Shumkovska
- Department of Experimental Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Arhimedova 3, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia;
- Correspondence: (J.D.-S.); (L.V.)
| | - Ljupcho Krstanoski
- Department of Experimental Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Arhimedova 3, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia;
| | - Leo Veenman
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Institute of Medical Research, 1 Efron Street, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 31096, Israel
- Correspondence: (J.D.-S.); (L.V.)
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Woodcock EA, Schain M, Cosgrove KP, Hillmer AT. Quantification of [ 11C]PBR28 data after systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:19. [PMID: 32166497 PMCID: PMC7067964 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-0605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a classic immune stimulus. LPS combined with positron emission tomography (PET) 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) brain imaging provides a robust human laboratory model to study neuroimmune signaling. To evaluate optimal analysis of these data, this work compared the sensitivity of six quantification approaches. METHODS [11C]PBR28 data from healthy volunteers (N = 8) were collected before and 3 h after LPS challenge (1.0 ng/kg IV). Quantification approaches included total volume of distribution estimated with two tissue, and two tissue plus irreversible uptake in whole blood, compartment models (2TCM and 2TCM-1k, respectively) and multilinear analysis-1 (MA-1); binding potential estimated with simultaneous estimation (SIME); standardized uptake values (SUV); and SUV ratio (SUVR). RESULTS The 2TCM, 2TCM-1k, MA-1, and SIME approaches each yielded substantive effect sizes for LPS effects (partial η2 = 0.56-0.89, ps <. 05), whereas SUV and SUVR did not. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of incorporating AIF measurements to quantify LPS-TSPO studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Woodcock
- Department of Pscyhiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martin Schain
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar St., New Haven, CT, USA.
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Unterrainer M, Fleischmann DF, Vettermann F, Ruf V, Kaiser L, Nelwan D, Lindner S, Brendel M, Wenter V, Stöcklein S, Herms J, Milenkovic VM, Rupprecht R, Tonn JC, Belka C, Bartenstein P, Niyazi M, Albert NL. TSPO PET, tumour grading and molecular genetics in histologically verified glioma: a correlative 18F-GE-180 PET study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 47:1368-1380. [PMID: 31486876 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is overexpressed in brain tumours and represents an interesting target for glioma imaging. 18F-GE-180, a novel TSPO ligand, has shown improved binding affinity and a high target-to-background contrast in patients with glioblastoma. However, the association of uptake characteristics on TSPO PET using 18F-GE-180 with the histological WHO grade and molecular genetic features so far remains unknown and was evaluated in the current study. METHODS Fifty-eight patients with histologically validated glioma at initial diagnosis or recurrence were included. All patients underwent 18F-GE-180 PET, and the maximal and mean tumour-to-background ratios (TBRmax, TBRmean) as well as the PET volume were assessed. On MRI, presence/absence of contrast enhancement was evaluated. Imaging characteristics were correlated with neuropathological parameters (i.e. WHO grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation). RESULTS Six of 58 patients presented with WHO grade II, 16/58 grade III and 36/58 grade IV gliomas. An (IDH) mutation was found in 19/58 cases, and 39/58 were classified as IDH-wild type. High 18F-GE-180-uptake was observed in all but 4 cases (being WHO grade II glioma, IDH-mutant). A high association of 18F-GE-180-uptake and WHO grades was seen: WHO grade IV gliomas showed the highest uptake intensity compared with grades III and II gliomas (median TBRmax 5.15 (2.59-8.95) vs. 3.63 (1.85-7.64) vs. 1.63 (1.50-3.43), p < 0.001); this association with WHO grades persisted within the IDH-wild-type and IDH-mutant subgroup analyses (p < 0.05). Uptake intensity was also associated with the IDH mutational status with a trend towards higher 18F-GE-180-uptake in IDH-wild-type gliomas in the overall group (median TBRmax 4.67 (1.56-8.95) vs. 3.60 (1.50-7.64), p = 0.083); however, within each WHO grade, no differences were found (e.g. median TBRmax in WHO grade III glioma 4.05 (1.85-5.39) vs. 3.36 (2.32-7.64), p = 1.000). No association was found between uptake intensity and MGMT or TERT (p > 0.05 each). CONCLUSION Uptake characteristics on 18F-GE-180 PET are highly associated with the histological WHO grades, with the highest 18F-GE-180 uptake in WHO grade IV glioblastomas and a PET-positive rate of 100% among the investigated high-grade gliomas. Conversely, all TSPO-negative cases were WHO grade II gliomas. The observed association of 18F-GE-180 uptake and the IDH mutational status seems to be related to the high inter-correlation of the IDH mutational status and the WHO grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Unterrainer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D F Fleischmann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - F Vettermann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - V Ruf
- Department of Neuropathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - L Kaiser
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D Nelwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - V Wenter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Stöcklein
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Herms
- Department of Neuropathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - V M Milenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - R Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J C Tonn
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Belka
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - P Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Niyazi
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - N L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Recent Developments in TSPO PET Imaging as A Biomarker of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133161. [PMID: 31261683 PMCID: PMC6650818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the brain and spinal cord, which can involve the activation of microglia and astrocytes. It is a common feature of many central nervous system disorders, including a range of neurodegenerative disorders. An overlap between activated microglia, pro-inflammatory cytokines and translocator protein (TSPO) ligand binding was shown in early animal studies of neurodegeneration. These findings have been translated in clinical studies, where increases in TSPO positron emission tomography (PET) signal occur in disease-relevant areas across a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. While this supports the use of TSPO PET as a biomarker to monitor response in clinical trials of novel neurodegenerative therapeutics, the clinical utility of current TSPO PET radioligands has been hampered by the lack of high affinity binding to a prevalent form of polymorphic TSPO (A147T) compared to wild type TSPO. This review details recent developments in exploration of ligand-sensitivity to A147T TSPO that have yielded ligands with improved clinical utility. In addition to developing a non-discriminating TSPO ligand, the final frontier of TSPO biomarker research requires developing an understanding of the cellular and functional interpretation of the TSPO PET signal. Recent insights resulting from single cell analysis of microglial phenotypes are reviewed.
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Vainio SK, Dickens AM, Tuisku J, Eskola O, Solin O, Löyttyniemi E, Anthony DC, Rinne JO, Airas L, Haaparanta-Solin M. Cessation of anti-VLA-4 therapy in a focal rat model of multiple sclerosis causes an increase in neuroinflammation. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:38. [PMID: 31073768 PMCID: PMC6509289 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Positron emission tomography (PET) can be used for in vivo evaluation of the pathology associated with multiple sclerosis. We investigated the use of longitudinal PET imaging and the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) binding radioligand [18F]GE-180 to detect changes in a chronic multiple sclerosis-like focal delayed-type hypersensitivity experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (fDTH-EAE) rat model during and after anti-VLA-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment. Thirty days after lesion activation, fDTH-EAE rats were treated with the anti-VLA-4 mAb (n = 4) or a control mAb (n = 4; 5 mg/kg, every third day, subcutaneously) for 31 days. Animals were imaged with [18F]GE-180 on days 30, 44, 65, 86 and 142. Another group of animals (n = 4) was used for visualisation the microglia with Iba-1 at day 44 after a 2-week treatment period. Results After a 2-week treatment period on day 44, there was a declining trend (p = 0.067) in [18F]GE-180-binding in the anti-VLA-4 mAb-treated animals versus controls. However, cessation of treatment for 4 days after a 31-day treatment period increased [18F]GE-180 binding in animals treated with anti-VLA-4 mAb compared to the control group (p = 0.0003). There was no difference between the groups in TSPO binding by day 142. Conclusions These results demonstrated that cessation of anti-VLA-4 mAb treatment for 4 days caused a transient rebound increase in neuroinflammation. This highlights the usefulness of serial TSPO imaging in the fDTH-EAE model to better understand the rebound phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Vainio
- Turku PET Centre, Preclinical PET Imaging, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - A M Dickens
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Tuisku
- Turku PET Centre, Clinical Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - O Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - O Solin
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - E Löyttyniemi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - D C Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, Clinical Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - L Airas
- Turku PET Centre, Clinical Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Haaparanta-Solin
- Turku PET Centre, Preclinical PET Imaging, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, 20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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In response to: The validity of 18F-GE180 as a TSPO imaging agent. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1208-1211. [PMID: 30826897 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zanotti-Fregonara P, Veronese M, Pascual B, Rostomily RC, Turkheimer F, Masdeu JC. The validity of 18F-GE180 as a TSPO imaging agent. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1205-1207. [PMID: 30656358 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-4268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Belen Pascual
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert C Rostomily
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph C Masdeu
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Tournier BB, Tsartsalis S, Rigaud D, Fossey C, Cailly T, Fabis F, Pham T, Grégoire MC, Kövari E, Moulin-Sallanon M, Savioz A, Millet P. TSPO and amyloid deposits in sub-regions of the hippocampus in the 3xTgAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 121:95-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Volume-of-interest-based supervised cluster analysis for pseudo-reference region selection in [ 18F]DPA-714 PET imaging of the rat brain. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:112. [PMID: 30588554 PMCID: PMC6306370 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Method Aim of this study was to automatically select a suitable pseudo-reference brain region for the accurate, non-invasive quantification of neuroinflammation in a rat brain using dynamic [18F]DPA-714 PET imaging. Procedures A supervised clustering analysis approach considering three kinetic classes (SVCA3) was used to select an appropriate pseudo-reference brain region. This pseudo-reference region was determined by selecting only brain regions with low specific tracer uptake (SVCA3low) or by taking into account all brain regions and weighting each brain region with the corresponding fraction of low specific binding (SVCA3wlow). Both SVCA3 approaches were evaluated in an animal model of neuro-inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide injection in the right striatum of female Wistar rats. For this study setup, a population of 25 female Wistar rats received a dynamic PET scan after injection of ~ 60 MBq [18F]DPA-714. Animals were scanned at baseline (n = 3) and at different time points after inducing neuroinflammation: 1 day (n = 3), 3 days (n = 12), 7 days (n = 4), and 30 days (n = 3). Binding potential (BP) values using a simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) and the contralateral striatum as pseudo-reference region were considered as a reference method (BPL STR) and compared with SRTM BP values using a pseudo-reference region obtained by either the SVCA3low or SVCA3wlow approach for both a 90- and 120-min acquisition time interval. Results For the right striatum, SRTM BP values using a SVCA3low- or SVCA3wlow-based pseudo-reference region demonstrated a strong and highly significant correlation with SRTM BPL STR values (Spearman r ≥ 0.89, p < 0.001). For the SVCA3low approach, Friedman tests revealed no significant difference with SRTM BPL STR values for a 120-min acquisition time while small but signification differences were found for a 90-min acquisition time (p < 0.05). For the SVCA3wlow approach, highly signification differences (p < 0.001) were found with SRTM BPL STR values for both a 90- and 120-min acquisition time interval. Conclusions A SVCA3 approach using three kinetic classes allowed the automatic selection of pseudo-reference brain regions with low specific tracer binding for accurate and non-invasive quantification of rat brain PET imaging using [18F]DPA-714. A shorter acquisition time interval of 90 min can be considered with only limited impact on the SVCA3-based selection of the pseudo-reference brain regions.
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Tanzey SS, Shao X, Stauff J, Arteaga J, Sherman P, Scott PJH, Mossine AV. Synthesis and Initial In Vivo Evaluation of [ 11C]AZ683-A Novel PET Radiotracer for Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:E136. [PMID: 30551596 PMCID: PMC6316681 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R) is a new strategy for quantifying both neuroinflammation and inflammation in the periphery since CSF1R is expressed on microglia and macrophages. AZ683 has high affinity for CSF1R (Ki = 8 nM; IC50 = 6 nM) and >250-fold selectivity over 95 other kinases. In this paper, we report the radiosynthesis of [11C]AZ683 and initial evaluation of its use in CSF1R PET. [11C]AZ683 was synthesized by 11C-methylation of the desmethyl precursor with [11C]MeOTf in 3.0% non-corrected activity yield (based upon [11C]MeOTf), >99% radiochemical purity and high molar activity. Preliminary PET imaging with [11C]AZ683 revealed low brain uptake in rodents and nonhuman primates, suggesting that imaging neuroinflammation could be challenging but that the radiopharmaceutical could still be useful for peripheral imaging of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S Tanzey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Xia Shao
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jenelle Stauff
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Janna Arteaga
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Phillip Sherman
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Andrew V Mossine
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Chaney A, Williams SR, Boutin H. In vivo molecular imaging of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2018; 149:438-451. [PMID: 30339715 PMCID: PMC6563454 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has become increasingly evident that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Increased glial cell activation is consistently reported in both rodent models of AD and in AD patients. Moreover, recent genome wide association studies have revealed multiple genes associated with inflammation and immunity are significantly associated with an increased risk of AD development (e.g. TREM2). Non‐invasive in vivo detection and tracking of neuroinflammation is necessary to enhance our understanding of the contribution of neuroinflammation to the initiation and progression of AD. Importantly, accurate methods of quantifying neuroinflammation may aid early diagnosis and serve as an output for therapeutic monitoring and disease management. This review details current in vivo imaging biomarkers of neuroinflammation being explored and summarizes both pre‐clinical and clinical results from molecular imaging studies investigating the role of neuroinflammation in AD, with a focus on positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Chaney
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Steve R Williams
- School of Health Sciences, Division of Informatics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Herve Boutin
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Comparison of 18F-GE-180 and dynamic 18F-FET PET in high grade glioma: a double-tracer pilot study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 46:580-590. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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de Lange C, Solberg R, Holtedahl JE, Tulipan A, Barlinn J, Trigg W, Wickstrøm T, Saugstad OD, Malinen E, Revheim ME. Dynamic TSPO-PET for assessing early effects of cerebral hypoxia and resuscitation in new born pigs. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 66:49-57. [PMID: 30257223 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation associated with microglial activation may be an early prognostic indicator of perinatal hypoxic ischemic injury, where translocator protein (TSPO) is a known inflammatory biomarker. This piglet study used dynamic TSPO-PET with [18F]GE180 to evaluate if microglial activation after global perinatal hypoxic injury could be detected. METHODS New born anesthetized pigs (n = 14) underwent hypoxia with fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)0.08 until base excess -20 mmol/L and/or a mean arterial blood pressure decrease to 20 mm Hg, followed by resuscitation with FiO2 0.21 or 1.0. Three piglets served as controls and one had intracranial injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Whole body [18F]GE180 Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) was performed repeatedly up to 32 h after hypoxia and resuscitation. Volumes of interest were traced in the basal ganglia, cerebellum and liver using MRI as anatomic correlation. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) were measured at baseline and four time-points, quantifying microglial activity over time. Statistical analysis used Mann Whitney- and Wilcoxon rank test with significance value set to p < 0.05. RESULTS At baseline (n = 5), mean SUVs ±1 standard deviation were 0.43 ± 0.10 and 1.71 ± 0.62 in brain and liver respectively without significant increase after hypoxia at the four time-points (n = 5-13/time point). Succeeding LPS injection, SUV increased 80% from baseline values. CONCLUSIONS Cerebral inflammatory response caused by severe asphyxia was not possible to detect with [18F]GE180 PET CT the first 32 h after hypoxia and only sparse hepatic uptake was revealed. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Early microglial activation as indicator of perinatal hypoxic ischemic injury was not detectable by TSPO-PET with [18F]GE180. IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE TSPO-PET with [18F]GE180 might not be suitable for early detection of perinatal hypoxic ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte de Lange
- Div. of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, PO box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rønnaug Solberg
- Dept. of Paediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, PO box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Dept. of Pediatrics, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Jon Erik Holtedahl
- Dept. of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, PO box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Tulipan
- Div. of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, PO box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Barlinn
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, PO box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Ola Didrik Saugstad
- Dept. of Paediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, PO box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box1078, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Malinen
- Dept. of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, PO box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Dept. of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1048, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Elisabeth Revheim
- Div. of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, PO box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box1078, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
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Ratai EM, Alshikho MJ, Zürcher NR, Loggia ML, Cebulla CL, Cernasov P, Reynolds B, Fish J, Seth R, Babu S, Paganoni S, Hooker JM, Atassi N. Integrated imaging of [ 11C]-PBR28 PET, MR diffusion and magnetic resonance spectroscopy 1H-MRS in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:357-364. [PMID: 30112276 PMCID: PMC6092554 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the relationship between brain tissue metabolites measured by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and glial activation assessed with [11C]-PBR28 uptake in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods Forty ALS participants were evaluated clinically using the revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R) and upper motor neuron burden (UMNB). All participants underwent simultaneous brain [11C]-PBR28 PET and MR imaging including diffusion tensor imaging to acquire fractional anisotropy (FA). [11C]-PBR28 uptake was measured as standardized uptake values normalized by whole brain mean (SUVR). 1H-MRS metabolite ratios (myo-inositol/creatine, mI/Cr; N-acetylaspartate/creatine, NAA/Cr) were measured within the precentral gyri and brain stem (regions known to be involved in ALS pathophysiology), and precuneus (which served as a control region). Whole brain voxel-wise correlation analyses were employed to identify brain regions exhibiting an association between metabolites within the VOIs and [11C]-PBR28 uptake. Results In the precentral gyri, [11C]-PBR28 uptake correlated positively with mI/Cr and negatively with NAA/Cr. The same correlations were not statistically significant in the brain stem, or in the control precuneus region. Whole brain voxel-wise correlation analyses between the estimated brain metabolites within the VOIs and SUVR were highly correlated in the precentral gyri. Decreased FA values in the precentral gyri were correlated with reduced NAA/Cr and elevated mI/Cr. Higher UMNB was correlated with increased [11C]-PBR28 uptake and mI/Cr, and decreased NAA/Cr. ALSFRS-R total score correlated positively with NAA/Cr and negatively with mI/Cr. Conclusion Integrated PET-MR and 1H-MRS imaging demonstrates associations between markers for neuronal integrity and neuroinflammation and may provide valuable insights into disease mechanisms in ALS. This study evaluates the relationship between 1H-MRS and [11C]-PBR28 PET-MR measures in people with ALS. Myo-inositol/Creatine correlates positively with glial activation measured by [11C]-PBR28 PET, and negatively with fractional anisotropy. N-acetyl-aspartate/Creatine correlates negatively with [11C]-PBR28 PET, and positively with fractional anisotropy. Myo-inositol/Creatine and N-acetyl-aspartate/Creatine correlate with ALS-functional rating scale and upper motor neuron burden. 1H-MRS and PET-MR measures provide complementary information to better understand brain pathology in people with ALS.
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Key Words
- 1H-MRS
- 1H-MRS, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- ALSFRS-R, revised ALS functional rating scale
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Cr, creatine
- DTI
- DTI, diffusion tensor imaging
- FA, fractional anisotropy
- Glial activation
- MEMPRAGE, multi-echo magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo
- NAA, N-acetylaspartate
- PBR, peripheral benzodiazepine receptor.
- PET
- PRESS, point-resolved spectroscopy
- SUV, standardized uptake value
- SUVR, standardized uptake value normalized to whole brain mean
- TSPO, translocator protein
- UMNB, upper motor neuron burden
- VOI, volume of interest
- [11C]-PBR28
- mI, myo-inositol
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Ratai
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mohamad J Alshikho
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nicole R Zürcher
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Marco L Loggia
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Catherine L Cebulla
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Paul Cernasov
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Beverly Reynolds
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jennifer Fish
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raghav Seth
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Suma Babu
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sabrina Paganoni
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Nazem Atassi
- Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Chaney A, Cropper HC, Johnson EM, Lechtenberg KJ, Peterson TC, Stevens MY, Buckwalter MS, James ML. 11C-DPA-713 Versus 18F-GE-180: A Preclinical Comparison of Translocator Protein 18 kDa PET Tracers to Visualize Acute and Chronic Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:122-128. [PMID: 29976695 PMCID: PMC6354224 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.209155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a key role in neuronal injury after ischemic stroke. PET imaging of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) permits longitudinal, noninvasive visualization of neuroinflammation in both preclinical and clinical settings. Many TSPO tracers have been developed, however, it is unclear which tracer is the most sensitive and accurate for monitoring the in vivo spatiotemporal dynamics of neuroinflammation across applications. Hence, there is a need for head-to-head comparisons of promising TSPO PET tracers across different disease states. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to directly compare 2 promising second-generation TSPO tracers, 11C-DPA-713 and 18F-GE-180, for the first time at acute and chronic time points after ischemic stroke. Methods: After distal middle cerebral artery occlusion or sham surgery, mice underwent consecutive PET/CT imaging with 11C-DPA-713 and 18F-GE-180 at 2, 6, and 28 d after stroke. T2-weighted MR images were acquired to enable delineation of ipsilateral (infarct) and contralateral brain regions of interest (ROIs). PET/CT images were analyzed by calculating percentage injected dose per gram in MR-guided ROIs. SUV ratios were determined using the contralateral thalamus (SUVTh) as a pseudoreference region. Ex vivo autoradiography and immunohistochemistry were performed to verify in vivo findings. Results: Significantly increased tracer uptake was observed in the ipsilateral compared with contralateral ROI (SUVTh, 50-60 min summed data) at acute and chronic time points using 11C-DPA-713 and 18F-GE-180. Ex vivo autoradiography confirmed in vivo findings demonstrating increased TSPO tracer uptake in infarcted versus contralateral brain tissue. Importantly, a significant correlation was identified between microglial/macrophage activation (cluster of differentiation 68 immunostaining) and 11C-DPA-713- PET signal, which was not evident with 18F-GE-180. No significant correlations were observed between TSPO PET and activated astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining). Conclusion: 11C-DPA-713 and 18F-GE-180 PET enable detection of neuroinflammation at acute and chronic time points after cerebral ischemia in mice. 11C-DPA-713 PET reflects the extent of microglial activation in infarcted distal middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse brain tissue more accurately than 18F-GE-180 and appears to be slightly more sensitive. These results highlight the potential of 11C-DPA-713 for tracking microglial activation in vivo after stroke and warrant further investigation in both preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Chaney
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford California
| | - Haley C Cropper
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford California
| | - Emily M Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford California
| | - Kendra J Lechtenberg
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford California; and
| | - Todd C Peterson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford California; and
| | - Marc Y Stevens
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford California
| | - Marion S Buckwalter
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford California; and.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michelle L James
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford California .,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford California; and
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49
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Miyajima N, Ito M, Rokugawa T, Iimori H, Momosaki S, Omachi S, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J, Abe K. Detection of neuroinflammation before selective neuronal loss appearance after mild focal ischemia using [ 18F]DPA-714 imaging. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:43. [PMID: 29884977 PMCID: PMC5993708 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Translocator protein (TSPO) imaging can be used to detect neuroinflammation (including microglial activation) after acute cerebral infarction. However, longitudinal changes of TSPO binding after mild ischemia that induces selective neuronal loss (SNL) without acute infarction are not well understood. Here, we performed TSPO imaging with [18F]DPA-714 to determine the time course of neuroinflammation and SNL after mild focal ischemia. Results Mild focal ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 20 min. In MCAO rats without acute infarction investigated by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, in vitro ARG revealed a significant increase of [18F]DPA-714 binding in the ipsilateral striatum compared with that in the contralateral side at 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after MCAO. Increased [18F]DPA-714 binding was observed in the cerebral cortex penumbra, reaching maximal values at 7 days after MCAO. Activation of striatal microglia and astrocytes was observed with immunohistochemistry of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) at 2, 3, and 7 days after MCAO. SNL was investigated with Nissl staining and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) immunostaining and observed in the ischemic core region of the striatum on days 3 and 7 after MCAO. We confirmed that total distribution volume of [18F]DPA-714 in the ipsilateral striatum was significantly increased at 2 and 7 days after MCAO using positron emission tomography (PET). Conclusions [18F]DPA-714 binding measured with in vitro ARG was increased before SNL appeared, and this change was detected by in vivo PET. These findings suggest that TSPO PET imaging might be useful for detection of neuroinflammation leading to SNL after focal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Miyajima
- Translational Research Unit, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 5610825, Japan.
| | - Miwa Ito
- Translational Research Unit, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 5610825, Japan
| | - Takemi Rokugawa
- Translational Research Unit, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 5610825, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iimori
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Analysis, Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Sotaro Momosaki
- Translational Research Unit, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 5610825, Japan
| | - Shigeki Omachi
- Department of medical affairs, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,PET Molecular Imaging Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,PET Molecular Imaging Center, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohji Abe
- Translational Research Unit, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, 5610825, Japan
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50
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Vignal N, Cisternino S, Rizzo-Padoin N, San C, Hontonnou F, Gelé T, Declèves X, Sarda-Mantel L, Hosten B. [ 18F]FEPPA a TSPO Radioligand: Optimized Radiosynthesis and Evaluation as a PET Radiotracer for Brain Inflammation in a Peripheral LPS-Injected Mouse Model. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061375. [PMID: 29875332 PMCID: PMC6099542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
[18F]FEPPA is a specific ligand for the translocator protein of 18 kDa (TSPO) used as a positron emission tomography (PET) biomarker for glial activation and neuroinflammation. [18F]FEPPA radiosynthesis was optimized to assess in a mouse model the cerebral inflammation induced by an intraperitoneal injection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium lipopolysaccharides (LPS; 5 mg/kg) 24 h before PET imaging. [18F]FEPPA was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution (90 °C, 10 min) with tosylated precursor, followed by improved semi-preparative HPLC purification (retention time 14 min). [18F]FEPPA radiosynthesis were carried out in 55 min (from EOB). The non-decay corrected radiochemical yield were 34 ± 2% (n = 17), and the radiochemical purity greater than 99%, with a molar activity of 198 ± 125 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis. Western blot analysis demonstrated a 2.2-fold increase in TSPO brain expression in the LPS treated mice compared to controls. This was consistent with the significant increase of [18F]FEPPA brain total volume of distribution (VT) estimated with pharmacokinetic modelling. In conclusion, [18F]FEPPA radiosynthesis was implemented with high yields. The new purification/formulation with only class 3 solvents is more suitable for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vignal
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, 75010 Paris, France.
- Inserm UMR-S 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Inserm UMR-S 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Rizzo-Padoin
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, 75010 Paris, France.
- Inserm UMR-S 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Carine San
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Fortune Hontonnou
- Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Thibaut Gelé
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - Xavier Declèves
- Inserm UMR-S 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Laure Sarda-Mantel
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, 75010 Paris, France.
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, Médecine Nucléaire, 75010 Paris, France.
- Inserm UMR-S 942, Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Benoît Hosten
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité Claude Kellershohn, 75010 Paris, France.
- Inserm UMR-S 1144, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
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