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Bounaouara F, Hidri R, Falouti M, Rabhi M, Abdelly C, Zorrig W, Slama I. Silicon mitigates salinity effects on sorghum-sudangrass ( Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense) by enhancing growth and photosynthetic efficiency. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP24029. [PMID: 38902905 DOI: 10.1071/fp24029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether silicon (Si) supply was able to alleviate the harmful effects caused by salinity stress on sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor ×Sorghum sudanense ), a species of grass raised for forage and grain. Plants were grown in the presence or absence of 150mM NaCl, supplemented or not with Si (0.5mM Si). Biomass production, water and mineral status, photosynthetic pigment contents, and gas exchange parameters were investigated. Special focus was accorded to evaluating the PSI and PSII. Salinity stress significantly reduced plant growth and tissue hydration, and led to a significant decrease in all other studied parameters. Si supply enhanced whole plant biomass production by 50%, improved water status, decreased Na+ and Cl- accumulation, and even restored chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , and carotenoid contents. Interestingly, both photosystem activities (PSI and PSII) were enhanced with Si addition. However, a more pronounced enhancement was noted in PSI compared with PSII, with a greater oxidation state upon Si supply. Our findings confirm that Si mitigated the adverse effects of salinity on sorghum-sudangrass throughout adverse approaches. Application of Si in sorghum appears to be an efficient key solution for managing salt-damaging effects on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Bounaouara
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Rabaa Hidri
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed Falouti
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Mokded Rabhi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; and Department of Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Walid Zorrig
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Inès Slama
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, P. O. Box 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
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Khan AL. Silicon: A valuable soil element for improving plant growth and CO 2 sequestration. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00217-0. [PMID: 38806098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicon (Si), the second most abundant and quasi-essential soil element, is locked as a recalcitrant silicate mineral in the Earth's crust. The physical abundance of silicates can play an essential role in increasing plant productivity. Plants store Si as biogenic silica (phytoliths), which is mobilized through a chemical weathering process in the soil. AIM OF REVIEW Although Si is a critical element for plant growth, there is still a considerable need to understand its dissolution, uptake, and translocation in agroecosystems. Here, we show recent progress in understanding the interactome of Si, CO2, the microbiome, and soil chemistry, which can sustainably govern silicate dissolution and cycling in agriculture. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF THIS REVIEW Si cycling is directly related to carbon cycling, and the resulting climate stability can be enhanced by negative feedback between atmospheric CO2 and the silicate uptake process. Improved Si mobilization in the rhizosphere by the presence of reactive elements (for example, Ca, Na, Al, Zn, and Fe) and Si uptake through genetic transporters in plants are crucial to achieving the dual objectives of (i) enhancing crop productivity and (ii) abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, the microbiome is a symbiotic partner of plants. Bacterial and fungal microbiomes can solubilize silicate minerals through intriguingly complex bioweathering mechanisms by producing beneficial metabolites and enzymes. However, the interaction of Si with CO2 and the microbiome's function in mobilization have been understudied. This review shows that enhancing our understanding of Si, CO2, the microbiome, and soil chemistry can help in sustainable crop production during climatic stress events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX, USA; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston TX, USA.
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Abd-El-Aty MS, Kamara MM, Elgamal WH, Mesbah MI, Abomarzoka EA, Alwutayd KM, Mansour E, Ben Abdelmalek I, Behiry SI, Almoshadak AS, Abdelaal K. Exogenous application of nano-silicon, potassium sulfate, or proline enhances physiological parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and agronomic traits of diverse rice genotypes under water deficit conditions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26077. [PMID: 38434411 PMCID: PMC10907525 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Water deficit is a critical obstacle that devastatingly impacts rice production, particularly in arid regions under current climatic fluctuations. Accordingly, it is decisive to reinforce the drought tolerance of rice by employing sustainable approaches to enhance global food security. The present study aimed at exploring the effect of exogenous application using different biostimulants on physiological, morphological, and yield attributes of diverse rice genotypes under water deficit and well-watered conditions in 2-year field trial. Three diverse rice genotypes (IRAT-112, Giza-178, and IR-64) were evaluated under well-watered (14400 m3/ha in total for the entire season) and water deficit (9170 m3/ha) conditions and were exogenously sprayed by nano-silicon, potassium sulfate, or proline. The results showed that drought stress substantially decreased all studied photosynthetic pigments, growth traits, and yield attributes compared to well-watered conditions. In contrast, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoprotectants were considerably increased compared with those under well-watered conditions. However, the foliar application of nano-silicon, potassium sulfate, and proline substantially mitigated the deleterious effects of drought stress and markedly enhanced photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, growth parameters, and yield contributing traits compared to untreated stressed control. Among the assessed treatments, foliar spray with nano-silicon or proline was more effective in promoting drought tolerance. The exogenous application of proline improved chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids by 21.4, 19.6 and 21.0% followed by nano-silicon treatment, which enhanced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids by 21.1, 17.6 and 9.5% compared to untreated control. Besides, the application of proline demonstrated a superior improvement in the content of proline by 52.5% compared with the untreated control. Moreover, nano-silicon exhibited the maximum enhancement of catalase and peroxidase activity compared to the other treatments. The positive impacts of applied exogenously nano-silicon or proline significantly increased panicle length, number of panicles/plant, number of grains/panicle, fertility percentage, 1000-grain weight, panicle weight, and grain yield, compared to untreated plants under water deficit conditions. In addition, the physiological and agronomic performance of evaluated rice genotypes significantly contrasted under drought conditions. The genotype Giza-178 displayed the best performance under water deficit conditions compared with the other genotypes. Consequently, the integration of applied exogenously nano-silicon or proline with tolerant rice genotype as Giza-178 is an efficient approach to ameliorating drought tolerance and achieving agricultural sustainability under water-scarce conditions in arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Abd-El-Aty
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Kamara
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Walid H. Elgamal
- Rice Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Mesbah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - ElSayed A. Abomarzoka
- Crop Physiology Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| | - Khairiah M. Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Imen Ben Abdelmalek
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Ameina S. Almoshadak
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Abdelaal
- Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Egypt
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Zuzunaga-Rosas J, Calone R, Mircea DM, Shakya R, Ibáñez-Asensio S, Boscaiu M, Fita A, Moreno-Ramón H, Vicente O. Mitigation of salt stress in lettuce by a biostimulant that protects the root absorption zone and improves biochemical responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1341714. [PMID: 38434431 PMCID: PMC10906269 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1341714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Horticultural crops constantly face abiotic stress factors such as salinity, which have intensified in recent years due to accelerated climate change, significantly affecting their yields and profitability. Under these conditions, it has become necessary to implement effective and sustainable solutions to guarantee agricultural productivity and food security. The influence of BALOX®, a biostimulant of plant origin, was tested on the responses to salinity of Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia plants exposed to salt concentrations up to 150 mM NaCl, evaluating different biometric and biochemical properties after 25 days of treatment. Control plants were cultivated under the same conditions but without the biostimulant treatment. An in situ analysis of root characteristics using a non-destructive, real-time method was also performed. The salt stress treatments inhibited plant growth, reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and increased the concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in roots and leaves while reducing those of Ca2+. BALOX® application had a positive effect because it stimulated plant growth and the level of Ca2+ and photosynthetic pigments. In addition, it reduced the content of Na+ and Cl- in the presence and the absence of salt. The biostimulant also reduced the salt-induced accumulation of stress biomarkers, such as proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Therefore, BALOX® appears to significantly reduce osmotic, ionic and oxidative stress levels in salt-treated plants. Furthermore, the analysis of the salt treatments' and the biostimulant's direct effects on roots indicated that BALOX®'s primary mechanism of action probably involves improving plant nutrition, even under severe salt stress conditions, by protecting and stimulating the root absorption zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Zuzunaga-Rosas
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Innovak Global S. A. de C. V., La Concordia, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Roberta Calone
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana M. Mircea
- Department of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rashmi Shakya
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Botany, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sara Ibáñez-Asensio
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Fita
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Héctor Moreno-Ramón
- Department of Plant Production, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Iwuala E, Olajide O, Abiodun I, Odjegba V, Utoblo O, Ajewole T, Oluwajobi A, Uzochukwu S. Silicon ameliorates cadmium (Cd) toxicity in pearl millet by inducing antioxidant defense system. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25514. [PMID: 38333779 PMCID: PMC10850601 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) stress is a significant environmental pollutant that can negatively impact crop yield and growth, and is a serious global issue. However, silicon (Si) has been shown to have a potential function in alleviating the effects of several abiotic stress conditions on crops, including Cd stress. This study investigated the effectiveness of applying silicon to soil as a method for reducing cadmium toxicity in pearl millet (IP14599) seedlings. Seeds of IP14599 were treated with Si + Cd element which cumulated to a combination of 9 treatments. Different Cd concentration of (0, 200, and 300 mg/kg-1) was taken and manually mixed into a sieved soil prior to planting and Si (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg-1) was selectively introduced till after attaining 12 days of seedling emergence. The physiochemical parameters of Cd stressed plants investigated includes chlorophyll, gas exchange attributes, proline, relative water contents, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD). Our result revealed that the metal (Cd) caused serious oxidative impairment thereby reducing photosynthetic performance, increased activity of MDA and Cd content in the roots and leaves of IP14599.In addition, Si increased the growth pattern and antioxidant defense action thereby mitigating the Cd toxicity. The results revealed that at Si 200, Si significantly increased the chlorophyll, carotenoids and plant height at 122 %, 69 % and 128 % under the Cd 200 and Cd 300 mg/kg-1 treatment, respectively. The single treatment at Si100 and Si 200 decreased ROS by 29 %, and 37 % respectively and MDA decreased by 33 % and 43 % in contrast to Cd 200 and 300 treatments, respectively. However, Si200 showed significant increase in the activities of APX 97 %, SOD by 89 %, CAT 35 % and POD 86 % as compared to single Si, Cd or combine Cd + Si treatment. Also, a gradual decline in Cd level in both the leaf and root was present when exposed to high concentrations of Si at Si200 and 300 mg/kg-1. Our findings revealed that Si might significantly increase the capacity to tolerate Cd stress in crop plants. Therefore, the study revealed that Si has the potential to alleviate Cd-induced toxicity by reducing Cd assimilation and enhancing the growth attributes of IP14599 plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Iwuala
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olubunmi Olajide
- Department of Landscape and Horticulture, Ekiti State University, Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Isaika Abiodun
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Victor Odjegba
- Department of Botany, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Obaiya Utoblo
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope Ajewole
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Ayoola Oluwajobi
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Sylvia Uzochukwu
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
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Vera-Maldonado P, Aquea F, Reyes-Díaz M, Cárcamo-Fincheira P, Soto-Cerda B, Nunes-Nesi A, Inostroza-Blancheteau C. Role of boron and its interaction with other elements in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1332459. [PMID: 38410729 PMCID: PMC10895714 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1332459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential microelement for plants, and its deficiency can lead to impaired development and function. Around 50% of arable land in the world is acidic, and low pH in the soil solution decreases availability of several essential mineral elements, including B, magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and potassium (K). Plants take up soil B in the form of boric acid (H3BO3) in acidic soil or tetrahydroxy borate [B(OH)4]- at neutral or alkaline pH. Boron can participate directly or indirectly in plant metabolism, including in the synthesis of the cell wall and plasma membrane, in carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and in the formation of ribonucleic acid (RNA). In addition, B interacts with other nutrients such as Ca, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), K, and zinc (Zn). In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of B uptake, absorption, and accumulation and its interactions with other elements, and how it contributes to the adaptation of plants to different environmental conditions. We also discuss potential B-mediated networks at the physiological and molecular levels involved in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vera-Maldonado
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Felipe Aquea
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paz Cárcamo-Fincheira
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Braulio Soto-Cerda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Nucleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Nucleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
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Weisany W, Razmi J, Pashang D. Improving seed germination and physiological characteristics of maize seedlings under osmotic stress through potassium nano-silicate treatment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1274396. [PMID: 38179480 PMCID: PMC10765601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1274396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Osmotic stress can significantly affect the survival and functioning of living organisms, particularly during vulnerable stages such as seed germination and seedling growth. To address this issue, advanced technologies like nanofertilizers have been developed to improve soil conditions and enhance plant growth in stressed ecosystems due to their multiple effects and efficient consumption. Methods The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of potassium nano-silicate (PNS) on the physiological characteristics of maize seedlings and seed germination under various levels of osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG). The study considered two factors: two levels of PNS concentration (500 and 1000 ppm) and PEG-6000 solution with different osmotic stress levels (-2, -4, -6, and -8 bars). Results and discussion The results demonstrated that the application of PNS at a concentration of 1000 ppm led to increased radicle length and hypocotyl length as well as fresh weight of maize seedlings. Furthermore, PNS at a concentration of 1000 ppm had a more beneficial effect on the germination rate of maize seedlings under osmotic stress compared to 500 ppm. Additionally, the application of PNS under osmotic stress conditions resulted in an increase in various physiological parameters, including protein content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, proline content, and the activity of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (AXPO) enzymes. These findings indicate that the use of PNS can have a positive impact on the physiological characteristics of maize seedlings and seed germination under osmotic stress conditions. Overall, this technology has the potential to enhance crop growth and yield in stressed ecosystems. By improving the survival and function of plants during vulnerable stages, such as seed germination and seedling growth, the application of PNS can contribute to more resilient agricultural practices and promote sustainable food production in challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weria Weisany
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Razmi
- Department of Plant Protection, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Pashang
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Senousy HH, Hamoud YA, Abu-Elsaoud AM, Mahmoud Al zoubi O, Abdelbaky NF, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Usman M, Soliman MH. Algal Bio-Stimulants Enhance Salt Tolerance in Common Bean: Dissecting Morphological, Physiological, and Genetic Mechanisms for Stress Adaptation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3714. [PMID: 37960071 PMCID: PMC10648064 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Salinity adversely affects the plant's morphological characteristics, but the utilization of aqueous algal extracts (AE) ameliorates this negative impact. In this study, the application of AE derived from Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella salina strains effectively reversed the decline in biomass allocation and water relations, both in normal and salt-stressed conditions. The simultaneous application of both extracts in salt-affected soil notably enhanced key parameters, such as chlorophyll content (15%), carotene content (1%), photosynthesis (25%), stomatal conductance (7%), and transpiration rate (23%), surpassing those observed in the application of both AE in salt-affected as compared to salinity stress control. Moreover, the AE treatments effectively mitigated lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage induced by salinity stress. The application of AE led to an increase in GB (6%) and the total concentration of free amino acids (47%) by comparing with salt-affected control. Additionally, salinity stress resulted in an elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase. Notably, the AE treatments significantly boosted the activity of these antioxidant enzymes under salinity conditions. Furthermore, salinity reduced mineral contents, but the application of AE effectively counteracted this decline, leading to increased mineral levels. In conclusion, the application of aqueous algal extracts, specifically those obtained from Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella salina strains, demonstrated significant efficacy in alleviating salinity-induced stress in Phaseolus vulgaris plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda H. Senousy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (H.H.S.)
| | - Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
- College of Hydrology and Water Recourses, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Abdelghafar M. Abu-Elsaoud
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Omar Mahmoud Al zoubi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu El-Bahr 46423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nessreen F. Abdelbaky
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Sharm, Yanbu El-Bahr, Yanbu 46429, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mona H. Soliman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (H.H.S.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Sharm, Yanbu El-Bahr, Yanbu 46429, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Gou C, Huang Q, Rady MM, Wang L, Ihtisham M, El-Awady HH, Seif M, Alazizi EMY, Eid RSM, Yan K, Tahri W, Li J, Desoky ESM, El-Sappah AH. Integrative application of silicon and/or proline improves Sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) production and antioxidant defense system under salt stress condition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18315. [PMID: 37880216 PMCID: PMC10600099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) and/or proline (Pro) are natural supplements that are considered to induce plants' stress tolerance against various abiotic stresses. Sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) production is severely afflicted by salinity stress. Therefore, two field tests were conducted to evaluate the potential effects of Si and/or Pro (6mM) used as seed soaking (SS) and/or foliar spray (FS) on Sweet corn plant growth and yield, physio-biochemical attributes, and antioxidant defense systems grown in a saline (EC = 7.14dS m-1) soil. The Si and/or Pro significantly increased growth and yield, photosynthetic pigments, free proline, total soluble sugars (TSS), K+/Na+ratios, relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), α-Tocopherol (α-TOC), Ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH), enzymatic antioxidants activities and other anatomical features as compared to controls. In contrast, electrolytes, such as SS and/or FS under salt stress compared to controls (SS and FS using tap water) were significantly decreased. The best results were obtained when SS was combined with FS via Si or Pro. These alterations are brought about by the exogenous application of Si and/or Pro rendering these elements potentially useful in aiding sweet corn plants to acclimate successfully to saline soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiming Gou
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiulan Huang
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Mostafa M Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Linghui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Muhammad Ihtisham
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Hamada H El-Awady
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Mohamed Seif
- Toxicology and Food Contaminants Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Esmail M Y Alazizi
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, 643000, Sichuan, China
| | - Rania S M Eid
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Banha, 13518, Egypt
| | - Kuan Yan
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Walid Tahri
- International Faculty of Applied Technology, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China.
| | - El-Sayed M Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H El-Sappah
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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10
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Liang Y, Liu H, Fu Y, Li P, Li S, Gao Y. Regulatory effects of silicon nanoparticles on the growth and photosynthesis of cotton seedlings under salt and low-temperature dual stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:504. [PMID: 37864143 PMCID: PMC10589941 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicon nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) play a crucial role in plants mitigating abiotic stress. However, the regulatory mechanism of SiO2-NPs in response to multiple stress remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to reveal the regulatory mechanism of SiO2-NPs on the growth and photosynthesis in cotton seedlings under salt and low-temperature dual stress. It will provide a theoretical basis for perfecting the mechanism of crop resistance and developing the technology of cotton seedling preservation and stable yield in arid and high salt areas. RESULTS The results showed that the salt and low-temperature dual stress markedly decreased the plant height, leaf area, and aboveground biomass of cotton seedlings by 9.58%, 15.76%, and 39.80%, respectively. While SiO2-NPs alleviated the damage of the dual stress to cotton seedling growth. In addition to reduced intercellular CO2 concentration, SiO2-NPs significantly improved the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of cotton seedling leaves. Additionally, stomatal length, stomatal width, and stomatal density increased with the increase in SiO2-NPs concentration. Notably, SiO2-NPs not only enhanced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content, but also slowed the decrease of maximum photochemical efficiency, actual photochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching of variable chlorophyll, and the increase in non-photochemical quenching. Moreover, SiO2-NPs enhanced the activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, improved leaf water potential, and decreased abscisic acid and malondialdehyde content. All the parameters obtained the optimal effects at a SiO2-NPs concentration of 100 mg L- 1, and significantly increased the plant height, leaf area, and aboveground biomass by 7.68%, 5.37%, and 43.00%, respectively. Furthermore, significant correlation relationships were observed between photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, stomatal length, stomatal width, stomatal density, chlorophyll content, maximum photochemical efficiency, actual photochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching of variable chlorophyll, and Rubisco activity. CONCLUSION The results suggested that the SiO2-NPs improved the growth and photosynthesis of cotton seedlings might mainly result from regulating the stomatal state, improving the light energy utilization efficiency and electron transport activity of PSII reaction center, and inducing the increase of Rubisco activity to enhance carbon assimilation under the salt and low-temperature dual stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Liang
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453002, China.
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11
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Fallah Imani A, Gomarian M, Ghorbanpour M, Ramak P, Chavoshi S. Foliar-applied nano-cerium dioxide differentially affect morpho-physiological traits and essential oil profile of Salvia mirzayanii Rech. f. & Esfand under drought stress and post-stress recovery conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108046. [PMID: 37757721 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is known to diminish the growth and yield of plants by altering the physiological, biochemical and molecular processes, thus threatening food security worldwide. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an effective strategy to raise plant productivity under current rapid environmental challenges. However, there is little literature on mechanisms underlying the beneficial role of re-watering in drought-stressed plants treated with NPs. In this study, the effects of cerium dioxide nanoparticles [(CeO2 NPs), 0 (control), 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mL L-1] were investigated on morpho-physiological and phytochemical traits of Salvia mirzayanii plants under different drought stress intensities [(25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (control) of field capacity (FC) moisture] and post-stress re-watering (recovery) in a three-way factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design. Uptake and accumulation of CeO2 NPs in the leaf tissue of plant samples were confirmed using SEM and EDX techniques. The results of ANOVA demonstrated that growth and physio-phytochemical traits were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by individual treatment and/or their double and triple interactions. Exposure to various levels of CeO2 NPs during drought stress mitigated the adverse effects of stress on growth parameters (e.g., plant height, shoot and root dry weights, and root length) and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b) content compared to the respective controls in varying degrees. However, proline and essential oil content were increased in drought-stressed plants, and tended to decrease during the period of recovery. Before re-watering, the antioxidant enzymes, CAT, POD, and SOD, activity in leaf tissues was increased with the increase of drought stress intensity upon both treated and non-treated CeO2 NPs conditions. However, the three-way interaction results demonstrated that recovery after drought stress following CeO2 NPs application particularly 1000 mL L-1 decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes compared to the controls. Based on GC and GC-MS analysis, all essential oil samples predominantly composed of oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes including Decane, Spathulenol, Octane, α-Terpinyl acetate, Hexyl isovalerate, Dodecane, Butanoic acid, Linalool, δ-Cadinene, Muurolol, α-Cadinol, Eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol, which significantly (p < 0.05) changed under different experimental treatments. The recovery after stress, however, increased only the content of δ-Cadinene in plants from severe drought stress upon foliar application of 1000 mL L-1 CeO2 NPs compared to the non-recovery period. Conclusively, integrative use of CeO2 NPs and re-watering after drought stress could be an encouraging and eco-friendly strategy to improve both drought tolerance, growth and pyhtochemical contents in S. mirzayanii plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshar Fallah Imani
- Department of Horticulture Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - Masoud Gomarian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran; Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Parvin Ramak
- Research Division of Natural Resources, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Saeid Chavoshi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
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12
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Chaganti C, Phule AS, Chandran LP, Sonth B, Kavuru VPB, Govindannagari R, Sundaram RM. Silicate solubilizing and plant growth promoting bacteria interact with biogenic silica to impart heat stress tolerance in rice by modulating physiology and gene expression. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1168415. [PMID: 37520375 PMCID: PMC10374332 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1168415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress caused due to increasing warming climate has become a severe threat to global food production including rice. Silicon plays a major role in improving growth and productivity of rice by aiding in alleviating heat stress in rice. Soil silicon is only sparingly available to the crops can be made available by silicate solubilizing and plant-growth-promoting bacteria that possess the capacity to solubilize insoluble silicates can increase the availability of soluble silicates in the soil. In addition, plant growth promoting bacteria are known to enhance the tolerance to abiotic stresses of plants, by affecting the biochemical and physiological characteristics of plants. The present study is intended to understand the role of beneficial bacteria viz. Rhizobium sp. IIRR N1 a silicate solublizer and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, a plant growth promoting bacteria and their interaction with insoluble silicate sources on morpho-physiological and molecular attributes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings after exposure to heat stress in a controlled hydroponic system. Joint inoculation of silicates and both the bacteria increased silicon content in rice tissue, root and shoot biomass, significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme activities (viz. superoxidase dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) compared to other treatments with sole application of either silicon or bacteria. The physiological traits (viz. chlorophyll content, relative water content) were also found to be significantly enhanced in presence of silicates and both the bacteria after exposure to heat stress conditions. Expression profiling of shoot and root tissues of rice seedlings revealed that seedlings grown in the presence of silicates and both the bacteria exhibited higher expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs viz., OsHsp90, OsHsp100 and 60 kDa chaperonin), hormone-related genes (OsIAA6) and silicon transporters (OsLsi1 and OsLsi2) as compared to seedlings treated with either silicates or with the bacteria alone. The results thus reveal the interactive effect of combined application of silicates along with bacteria Rhizobium sp. IIRR N1, G. diazotrophicus inoculation not only led to augmented silicon uptake by rice seedlings but also influenced the plant biomass and elicited higher expression of HSPs, hormone-related and silicon transporter genes leading to improved tolerance of seedling to heat stress.
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13
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Rizwan A, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Rizwan M, Usman M, Anayatullah S, Alharby HF, Bamagoos AA, Alharbi BM, Ali S. Effects of silicon nanoparticles and conventional Si amendments on growth and nutrient accumulation by maize (Zea mays L.) grown in saline-sodic soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115740. [PMID: 36997044 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses in arid and semiarid climates which threatens the food security of the world. Present study had been designed to assess the efficacy of different abiogenic sources of silicon (Si) to mitigate the salinity stress on maize crop grown on salt-affected soil. Abiogenic sources of Si including silicic acid (SA), sodium silicate (Na-Si), potassium silicate (K-Si), and nanoparticles of silicon (NPs-Si) were applied in saline-sodic soil. Two consecutive maize crops with different seasons were harvested to evaluate the growth response of maize under salinity stress. Post-harvest soil analysis showed a significant decrease in soil electrical conductivity of soil paste extract (ECe) (-23.0%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) (-47.7%) and pH of soil saturated paste (pHs) (-9.5%) by comparing with salt-affected control. Results revealed that the maximum root dry weight was recorded in maize1 by the application of NPs-Si (149.3%) and maize2 (88.6%) over control. The maximum shoot dry weight was observed by the application of NPs-Si in maize1 (42.0%) and maize2 (7.4%) by comparing with control treatment. The physiological parameters like chlorophyll contents (52.5%), photosynthetic rate (84.6%), transpiration (100.2%), stomatal conductance (50.5%), and internal CO2 concentration (61.6%) were increased by NPs-Si in the maize1 crop when compared with the control treatment. The application of an abiogenic source (NPs-Si) of Si significantly increased the concentration of phosphorus (P) in roots (223.4%), shoots (22.3%), and cobs (130.3%) of the first maize crop. The current study concluded that the application of NPs-Si and K-Si improved the plant growth by increasing the availability of nutrients like P and potassium (K), physiological attributes, and by reducing the salts stress and cationic ratios in maize after maize crop rotation..
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rizwan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Anayatullah
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Plant Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif A Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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14
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Alves DMR, de Oliveira JN, de Mello Prado R, Ferreira PM. Silicon in the form of nanosilica mitigates P toxicity in scarlet eggplant. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9190. [PMID: 37280298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive fertilization of vegetables can promote phosphorus (P) toxicity. However, it can be reversed using silicon (Si), although there is a lack of research clarifying its mechanisms of action. This research aims to study the damage caused by P toxicity to scarlet eggplant plants and whether Si can mitigate this toxicity. We evaluated the nutritional and physiological aspects of plants. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design of two nutritional levels of adequate P (2 mmol L-1 of P) and toxic/excess P (8 to 13 mmol L-1 of P) combined with the absence or presence of nanosilica (2 mmol L-1 Si) in a nutrient solution. There were six replications. The excess P in the nutrient solution caused damage to scarlet eggplant growth due to nutritional losses and oxidative stress. We found that P toxicity can be mitigated by supplying Si, which decreases P uptake by 13%, improves C:N homeostasis, and increases iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) use efficiency by 21%, 10%, and 12%, respectively. At the same time, it decreases oxidative stress and electrolyte leakage by 18% and increases antioxidant compounds (phenols and ascorbic acid by 13% and 50%, respectively), and decreases photosynthetic efficiency and plant growth by 12% (by increasing 23% and 25% of shoot and root dry mass, respectively). These findings allow us to explain the different Si mechanisms used to reverse the damage caused by P toxicity to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyvielen Maria Ramos Alves
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal-SP. Access Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Jairo Neves de Oliveira
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal-SP. Access Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal-SP. Access Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Messias Ferreira
- Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal-SP. Access Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
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15
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Liu H, Todd JL, Luo H. Turfgrass Salinity Stress and Tolerance-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:925. [PMID: 36840273 PMCID: PMC9961807 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Turfgrasses are ground cover plants with intensive fibrous roots to encounter different edaphic stresses. The major edaphic stressors of turfgrasses often include soil salinity, drought, flooding, acidity, soil compaction by heavy traffic, unbalanced soil nutrients, heavy metals, and soil pollutants, as well as many other unfavorable soil conditions. The stressors are the results of either naturally occurring soil limitations or anthropogenic activities. Under any of these stressful conditions, turfgrass quality will be reduced along with the loss of economic values and ability to perform its recreational and functional purposes. Amongst edaphic stresses, soil salinity is one of the major stressors as it is highly connected with drought and heat stresses of turfgrasses. Four major salinity sources are naturally occurring in soils: recycled water as the irrigation, regular fertilization, and air-borne saline particle depositions. Although there are only a few dozen grass species from the Poaceae family used as turfgrasses, these turfgrasses vary from salinity-intolerant to halophytes interspecifically and intraspecifically. Enhancement of turfgrass salinity tolerance has been a very active research and practical area as well in the past several decades. This review attempts to target new developments of turfgrasses in those soil salinity stresses mentioned above and provides insight for more promising turfgrasses in the future with improved salinity tolerances to meet future turfgrass requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jason L. Todd
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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16
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Silicon improves seed germination and seedling growth and alleviates salt stress in Medicago sativa L. by regulating seed reserve mobilization and antioxidant system defense. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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17
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Zehra A, Wani KI, Choudhary S, Naeem M, Khan MMA, Aftab T. Involvement of abscisic acid in silicon-mediated enhancement of copper stress tolerance in Artemisia annua. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:37-46. [PMID: 36599274 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) toxicity is a well-known hazard which causes deleterious impact on the growth and development of plants. The impact of abscisic acid (ABA) in presence of silicon (Si) on plant development and quality traits has largely gone unexplored. The effects of ABA and Si on the growth, yield, and quality characteristics of Artemisia annua L. plants growing under copper (Cu) stress (20 and 40 mg kg-1) were investigated in a pot experiment. During this investigation, Cu stress caused severe damage to the plants but exogenous administration of Si and ABA ameliorated the harmful effects of Cu toxicity, and the plants displayed higher biomass and improved physio-biochemical attributes. Copper accumulated in the roots and shoots and its toxicity caused oxidative stress as demonstrated by the increased 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content. It also resulted in the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, however, the exogenous Si and ABA supplementation decreased the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, alleviating the oxidative damage produced by HM stress. Copper toxicity had a considerable negative impact on glandular trichome density, ultrastructure as well as artemisinin production. However, combined Si and ABA enhanced the size and density of glandular trichomes, resulting in higher artemisinin production. Taken together, our results demonstrated that exogenous ABA and Si supplementation protect A. annua plants against Cu toxicity by improving photosynthetic characteristics, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, protecting leaf structure and integrity, avoiding excess Cu deposition in shoot and root tissues, and helping in enhanced artemisinin biosynthesis. Our results indicate that the combined application of Si and ABA improved the overall growth of plants and may thus be used as an effective approach for the improvement of growth and yield of A. annua in Cu-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andleeb Zehra
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - Kaiser Iqbal Wani
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - Sadaf Choudhary
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - M Naeem
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - M Masroor A Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - Tariq Aftab
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India.
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18
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Taher D, Nofal E, Hegazi M, El-Gaied MA, El-Ramady H, Solberg SØ. Response of Warm Season Turf Grasses to Combined Cold and Salinity Stress under Foliar Applying Organic and Inorganic Amendments. HORTICULTURAE 2023; 9:49. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae9010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Turfgrasses are considered an important part of the landscape and ecological system of golf courses, sports fields, parks, and home lawns. Turfgrass species are affected by many abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, salinity, cold, heat, waterlogging, and heavy metals) and biotic stresses (mainly diseases and pests). In the current study, seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) and Tifway bermudagrass (Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy × C. Dactylon) were selected because they are popular turfgrasses frequently used for outdoor lawns and sport fields. The effect of the combined stress from both soil salinity and cold on these warm season grasses was investigated. Some selected organic and inorganic amendments (i.e., humic acid, ferrous sulphate, and silicon) were applied as foliar sprays five times during the winter season from late October to March. This was repeated over two years in field trials involving salt-affected soils. The physiological and chemical parameters of the plants, including plant height; fresh and dry weight per plot; total chlorophyll content; and nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and potassium content, were measured. The results showed that all the studied amendments improved the growth of seashore paspalum and Tifway bermudagrass during this period compared to the control, with a greater improvement observed when using ferrous sulphate and humic acid compared to silicon. For seashore paspalum, the highest chlorophyll content in April was recorded after the application of ferrous sulphate at a level of 1000 ppm. The current research indicates that when grown on salt-affected soils, these amendments can be used in warm-season grasses to maintain turf quality during cold periods of the year. Further research is needed to examine any negative long-term effects of these amendments and to explain their mechanisms.
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19
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Raza T, Abbas M, Amna, Imran S, Khan MY, Rebi A, Rafie-Rad Z, Eash NS. Impact of Silicon on Plant Nutrition and Significance of Silicon Mobilizing Bacteria in Agronomic Practices. SILICON 2023; 15:3797-3817. [PMCID: PMC9876760 DOI: 10.1007/s12633-023-02302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Globally, rejuvenation of soil health is a major concern due to the continuous loss of soil fertility and productivity. Soil degradation decreases crop yields and threatens global food security. Improper use of chemical fertilizers coupled with intensive cultivation further reduces both soil health and crop yields. Plants require several nutrients in varying ratios that are essential for the plant to complete a healthy growth and development cycle. Soil, water, and air are the sources of these essential macro- and micro-nutrients needed to complete plant vegetative and reproductive cycles. Among the essential macro-nutrients, nitrogen (N) plays a significant in non-legume species and without sufficient plant access to N lower yields result. While silicon (Si) is the 2nd most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and is the backbone of soil silicate minerals, it is an essential micro-nutrient for some plants. Silicon is just beginning to be recognized as an important micronutrient to some plant species and, while it is quite abundant, Si is often not readily available for plant uptake. The manufacturing cost of synthetic silica-based fertilizers is high, while absorption of silica is quite slow in soil for many plants. Rhizosphere biological weathering processes includes microbial solubilization processes that increase the dissolution of minerals and increases Si availability for plant uptake. Therefore, an important strategy to improve plant silicon uptake could be field application of Si-solubilizing bacteria. In this review, we evaluate the role of Si in seed germination, growth, and morphological development and crop yield under various biotic and abiotic stresses, different pools and fluxes of silicon (Si) in soil, and the bacterial genera of the silicon solubilizing microorganisms. We also elaborate on the detailed mechanisms of Si-solubilizing/mobilizing bacteria involved in silicate dissolution and uptake by a plant in soil. Last, we discuss the potential of silicon and silicon solubilizing/mobilizing to achieve environmentally friendly and sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taqi Raza
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | | | - Amna
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Imran
- UAF Sub Campus Burewala, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yahya Khan
- UAF Sub Campus Burewala, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ansa Rebi
- Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Zeinab Rafie-Rad
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Neal S. Eash
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
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20
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Verma KK, Song XP, Li DM, Singh M, Wu JM, Singh RK, Sharma A, Zhang BQ, Li YR. Silicon and soil microorganisms improve rhizospheric soil health with bacterial community, plant growth, performance and yield. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2104004. [PMID: 35943127 PMCID: PMC9364706 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2104004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of silicon and soil microorganisms stimulates crop enhancement to ensure sustainable agriculture. Silicon may potentially increase nutrient availability in rhizosphere with improved plants' growth, development as it does not produce phytotoxicity. The rhizospheric microbiome accommodates a variety of microbial species that live in a small area of soil directly associated with the hidden half plants' system. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play a major role in plant development in response to adverse climatic conditions. PGPRs may enhance the growth, quality, productivity in variety of crops, and mitigate abiotic stresses by reprogramming stress-induced physiological variations in plants via different mechanisms, such as synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, exopolysaccharides, volatile organic compounds, atmospheric nitrogen fixation, and phosphate solubilization. Our article eye upon interactions of silicon and plant microbes which seems to be an opportunity for sustainable agriculture for series of crops and cropping systems in years to come, essential to safeguard the food security for masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Munna Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Bao-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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21
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Alharbi K, Osman HS, Rashwan E, Hafez EM, Omara AED. Stimulating the Growth, Anabolism, Antioxidants, and Yield of Rice Plants Grown under Salt Stress by Combined Application of Bacterial Inoculants and Nano-Silicon. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11243431. [PMID: 36559542 PMCID: PMC9787420 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The growth and development of rice face many issues, including its exposure to high soil salinity. This issue can be alleviated using new approaches to overwhelm the factors that restrict rice productivity. The objective of our investigation was the usage of the rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas koreensis and Bacillus coagulans) as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and nano-silicon, which could be a positive technology to cope with the problems raised by soil salinity in addition to improvement the morpho-physiological properties, and productivity of two rice varieties (i.e., Giza 177 as salt-sensitive and Giza 179 as salt-tolerant). The findings stated that the application of combined PGPRs and nano-Si resulted in the highest soil enzymes activity (dehydrogenase and urease), root length, leaf area index, photosynthesis pigments, K+ ions, relative water content (RWC), and stomatal conductance (gs) while resulted in the reduction of Na+, electrolyte leakage (EL), and proline content. All these improvements are due to increased antioxidant enzymes activity such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD), which decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) under soil salinity in rice plants compared to the other treatments. Combined application of PGPRs and nano-Si to Giza 177 significantly surpassed Giza 179, which was neither treated with PGPR nor nano-Si in the main yield components (number of grains/panicles, 1000 grain weight, and grain yield as well as nutrient uptake. In conclusion, both PGPRs and nano-Si had stimulating effects that mitigated the salinity-deleterious effects and encouraged plant growth, and, therefore, enhanced the grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany S. Osman
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shubra, Cairo 11241, Egypt
| | - Emadeldeen Rashwan
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Emad M. Hafez
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Dein Omara
- Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt
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22
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Alharbi K, Hafez E, Omara AED, Awadalla A, Nehela Y. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Silica Nanoparticles Stimulate Sugar Beet Resilience to Irrigation with Saline Water in Salt-Affected Soils. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223117. [PMID: 36432846 PMCID: PMC9694940 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Combined stressors (high soil salinity and saline water irrigation) severely reduce plant growth and sugar beet yield. Seed inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and/or foliar spraying with silica nanoparticles (Si-NP) is deemed one of the most promising new strategies that have the potential to inhibit abiotic stress. Herein, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) plants were treated with two PGPR (Pseudomonas koreensis MG209738 and Bacillus coagulans NCAIM B.01123) and/or Si-NP, during two successive seasons 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 to examine the vital role of PGPR, Si-NP, and their combination in improving growth characteristics, and production in sugar beet plants exposed to two watering treatments (fresh water and saline water) in salt-affected soil. The results revealed that combined stressors (high soil salinity and saline water irrigation) increased ion imbalance (K+/Na+ ratio; from 1.54 ± 0.11 to 1.00 ± 0.15) and declined the relative water content (RWC; from 86.76 ± 4.70 to 74.30 ± 3.20%), relative membrane stability index (RMSI), stomatal conductance (gs), and chlorophyll content, which negatively affected on the crop productivity. Nevertheless, the application of combined PGPR and Si-NP decreased oxidative stress indicators (hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation) and sodium ions while increasing activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; up to 1.9-folds), catalase (CAT; up to 1.4-folds), and peroxidase (POX; up to 2.5-folds) enzymes, and potassium ions resulting in physiological processes, root yield, and sugar yield compared to non-treated controls under combined stressors (high soil salinity and saline water irrigation). It is worth mentioning that the singular application of PGPR improved root length, diameter, and yield greater than Si-NP alone and it was comparable to the combined treatment (PGPR+Si-NP). It was concluded that the combined application of PGPR and Si-NP has valuable impacts on the growth and yield of sugar beet growing under combined stressors of high soil salinity and saline water irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Hafez
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Dien Omara
- Agricultural Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Giza 12112, Egypt
| | - Abdelmoniem Awadalla
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Yasser Nehela
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
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23
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Pérez-Zavala FG, Atriztán-Hernández K, Martínez-Irastorza P, Oropeza-Aburto A, López-Arredondo D, Herrera-Estrella L. Titanium nanoparticles activate a transcriptional response in Arabidopsis that enhances tolerance to low phosphate, osmotic stress and pathogen infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994523. [PMID: 36388557 PMCID: PMC9664069 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Titanium is a ubiquitous element with a wide variety of beneficial effects in plants, including enhanced nutrient uptake and resistance to pathogens and abiotic stresses. While there is numerous evidence supporting the beneficial effects that Ti fertilization give to plants, there is little information on which genetic signaling pathways the Ti application activate in plant tissues. In this study, we utilize RNA-seq and ionomics technologies to unravel the molecular signals that Arabidopsis plants unleash when treated with Ti. RNA-seq analysis showed that Ti activates abscisic acid and salicylic acid signaling pathways and the expression of NUCLEOTIDE BINDING SITE-LEUCINE RICH REPEAT receptors likely by acting as a chemical priming molecule. This activation results in enhanced resistance to drought, high salinity, and infection with Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis. Ti also grants an enhanced nutritional state, even at suboptimal phosphate concentrations by upregulating the expression of multiple nutrient and membrane transporters and by modifying or increasing the production root exudates. Our results suggest that Ti might act similarly to the beneficial element Silicon in other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Atriztán-Hernández
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada/Langebio, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Paulina Martínez-Irastorza
- Intitute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Araceli Oropeza-Aburto
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada/Langebio, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Damar López-Arredondo
- Intitute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada/Langebio, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Irapuato, Mexico
- Intitute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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24
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Venâncio JB, Dias NDS, de Medeiros JF, de Morais PLD, do Nascimento CWA, de Sousa Neto ON, de Andrade LM, Pereira KTO, Peixoto TDC, Rocha JLA, Ferreira Neto M, Sá FVDS. Effect of Salinity and Silicon Doses on Onion Post-Harvest Quality and Shelf Life. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2788. [PMID: 36297810 PMCID: PMC9607372 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress during pre-harvest limits the shelf life and post-harvest quality of produce; however, silicon nutrition can mitigate salt stress in plants. Thus, we evaluated the effects of salinity and fertilization with Si, in pre-harvest, on the morpho-physiological characteristics of onion bulbs during shelf life. The experiment was set up in randomized complete blocks, with treatments arranged in split-split plots. The plots had four levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.65, 1.7, 2.8, and 4.1 dS m-1). The subplots had five fertilization levels with Si (0, 41.6, 83.2, 124.8, and 166.4 kg ha-1). The sub-sub plots had four shelf times (0, 20, 40, and 60 days after harvest). Irrigation water salinity and shelf time reduced firmness and increased the mass loss of onion bulbs during shelf life. Salt stress reduced the contents of sugars and total soluble solids of onion bulbs during storage; however, Si supply improved the contents of these variables. Salinity, Si supply, and shelf time increased the concentrations of pyruvic and ascorbic acids in onion bulbs during shelf life. Si doses between 121.8 and 127.0 kg ha-1 attenuated the impacts caused by moderate salinity, increasing the synthesis of metabolites and prolonging the onion bulbs' shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nildo da Silva Dias
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciara Maria de Andrade
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Ferreira Neto
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
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25
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Ma J, Zia Ur Rehman M, Saleem MH, Adrees M, Rizwan M, Javed A, Rafique M, Qayyum MF, Ali S. Effect of phosphorus sources on growth and cadmium accumulation in wheat under different soil moisture levels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119977. [PMID: 35987285 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Both cadmium (Cd) toxicity and water limited stress in crop plants are serious concerns worldwide while little is known about the impact of various phosphorus (P) sources on Cd accumulation in cereals especially under water limited stress. A study was conducted to explore the efficiency of three frequently available P fertilizers on Cd accumulation in wheat under different soil moisture levels. Three different P sources including diammonium phosphate (DAP), single super phosphate (SSP), and nitrophos (NP) were applied in the soil with three levels (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg). The drought stress was applied to half treatments during the latter growth stages of wheat and plants were harvested at maturity. The results demonstrated that water-limited stress decreased the growth and yield of plants than respective treatments without water stress. P supply increased the growth of wheat irrespective of water-limited stress. The effect on growth and yield varied with the sources and levels of P and maximum effects was observed in DAP treatment (100 mg/kg). The P amendments enhanced the leaf photosynthesis and activities of SOD, POD, CAT and decreased the leaf oxidative burst. Water limited stress enhanced the Cd concentrations in shoots, roots, and grains whereas P amendments minimized the Cd concentrations and enhanced the P concentrations in these parts of plants. The results obtained demonstrated that P supply in the form of DAP might be effective in minimization of Cd in grains and can be used for safe cultivation of metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Javed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Rafique
- Department of Soil Science, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22630, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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26
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Nongbet A, Mishra AK, Mohanta YK, Mahanta S, Ray MK, Khan M, Baek KH, Chakrabartty I. Nanofertilizers: A Smart and Sustainable Attribute to Modern Agriculture. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192587. [PMID: 36235454 PMCID: PMC9573764 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of fertilizers is a result of the increased global demand for food. The commonly used chemical fertilizers may increase plant growth and output, but they have deleterious effects on the soil, the environment, and even human health. Therefore, nanofertilizers are one of the most promising solutions or substitutes for conventional fertilizers. These engineered materials are composed of nanoparticles containing macro- and micronutrients that are delivered to the plant rhizosphere in a regulated manner. In nanofertilizers, the essential minerals and nutrients (such as N, P, K, Fe, and Mn) are bonded alone or in combination with nano-dimensional adsorbents. This review discusses the development of nanotechnology-based smart and efficient agriculture using nanofertilizers that have higher nutritional management, owing to their ability to increase the nutrient uptake efficiency. Additionally, the synthesis and mechanism of action of the nanofertilizers are discussed, along with the different types of fertilizers that are currently available. Furthermore, sustainable agriculture can be realised by the targeted delivery and controlled release of nutrients through the application of nanoscale active substances. This paper emphasises the successful development and safe application of nanotechnology in agriculture; however, certain basic concerns and existing gaps in research need to be addressed and resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amilia Nongbet
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), 9th Mile, Techno City, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), 9th Mile, Techno City, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Saurov Mahanta
- National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), Guwahati Centre, Guwahati 781008, Assam, India
| | - Manjit Kumar Ray
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), 9th Mile, Techno City, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Maryam Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Ishani Chakrabartty
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), 9th Mile, Techno City, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
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27
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Silva MS, Scalon SPQ, Santos CC, Silverio JM, Santos JKV, Dresch DM. Does silicon help to alleviate water deficit stress and in the recovery of Dipteryx alata seedlings? BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e259016. [PMID: 35946639 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.259016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water deficit to causes serious problems in the growth and development of plants, impairing their metabolism. Thus, it is necessary to use agents that can mitigate plant damage. This study assesses the potential of silicon to mitigate water deficit stress in Dipteryx alata Vogel seedlings and to help in their recovery after the resumption of irrigation. The study analyzed four water regimes: (I) Continuous irrigation; (II) Water deficit without Si; (III) Water deficit + 0.75 mL Si; and (IV) Water deficit + 1.50 mL Si. Seedlings were evaluated in four periods: (1) (T0 - time zero) at the beginning of the experiment, before irrigation suspension; (2) (P0) when the photosynthetic rates (A) of seedlings under irrigation suspension reached values close to zero, period in which irrigation was resumed; (3) (REC) when A reached values close to those of seedlings under continuous irrigation, characterizing the recovery period; and (4) (END) 45 days after REC, when seedlings were kept under continuous irrigation, similar to the control. Application of 0.75 mL Si alleviates damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of D. alata seedlings that remain longer under water deficit, and contributes to faster physiological recovery after the resumption of irrigation. D. alata seedlings have recovery potential after the stress period, regardless of Si application.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Silva
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - S P Q Scalon
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - C C Santos
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - J M Silverio
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - J K V Santos
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - D M Dresch
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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28
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Lyu J, Jin N, Meng X, Jin L, Wang S, Xiao X, Liu Z, Tang Z, Yu J. Exogenous silicon alleviates the adverse effects of cinnamic acid-induced autotoxicity stress on cucumber seedling growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:968514. [PMID: 36035700 PMCID: PMC9399776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.968514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autotoxicity is a key factor that leads to obstacles in continuous cropping systems. Although Si is known to improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, little is known about its role in regulating leaf water status, mineral nutrients, nitrogen metabolism, and root morphology of cucumber under autotoxicity stress. Here, we used cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus L. cv. "Xinchun No. 4") to evaluate how exogenous Si (1 mmol L-1) affected the leaf water status, mineral nutrient uptake, N metabolism-related enzyme activities, root morphology, and shoot growth of cucumber seedlings under 0.8 mmol L-1 CA-induced autotoxicity stress. We found that CA-induced autotoxicity significantly reduced the relative water content and water potential of leaves and increase their cell sap concentration. CA-induced stress also inhibited the absorption of major (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn). However, exogenous Si significantly improved the leaf water status (relative water content and water potential) of cucumber leaves under CA-induced stress. Exogenous Si also promoted the absorption of mineral elements by seedlings under CA-induced stress and alleviated the CA-induced inhibition of N metabolism-related enzyme activities (including nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, glutamate dehydrogenase). Moreover, exogenous Si improved N uptake and utilization, promoted root morphogenesis, and increased the growth indexes of cucumber seedlings under CA-induced stress. Our findings have far-reaching implications for overcoming the obstacles to continuous cropping in cucumber cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Meng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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29
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Aboryia MS, El-Dengawy ERFA, El-Banna MF, El-Gobba MH, Kasem MM, Hegazy AA, Hassan HM, El-Yazied AA, El-Gawad HGA, Al-Qahtani SM, Al-Harbi NA, Dessoky ES, Ismail IA, El-Mogy MM, EL-Boraie ESA. Anatomical and Physiological Performance of Jojoba Treated with Proline under Salinity Stress Condition. HORTICULTURAE 2022; 8:716. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8080716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A field trial study was conducted for two consecutive seasons 2020 and 2021 in approximately 8-month-old jojoba plants to evaluate the physiological responses following salt treatment and the role of proline as a foliar application to enhance jojoba tolerance to salinity stress. Jojoba plants were irrigated once a week for four months with diluted seawater in concentrations of 5000, 10,000, and 15,000 ppm and tap water (control). Anti-stress proline was applied four times throughout the experiment, the first at the beginning of the experiment and another three times at 30-day intervals, at concentrations of 0, 300, and 450 ppm. The effect of proline treatments on jojoba plant behavior includes growth vegetative characteristics, namely plant height increase percentage (PHIP), shoot number increase percentage (NSIP), stem diameter increase percentage (SDIP), number of leaves, leaf thickness, leaf area, and fresh and dry weights of leaves, and chemical characteristics, namely chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, leaf mineral contents (N, P, K, Na, and Cl), total phenolic content (TPC), and proline concentration. Moreover, the impacts of proline on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2•−), malondialdehyde (MDA), and ion leakage (IL) under salinity stress were investigated. Briefly, proline at 450 ppm enhanced all studied growth and physiological characteristics and promoted the antioxidant system of jojoba plants compared with the control and other treatments. The anatomical structure of leaves was also examined, and favorable variations in the anatomical structure were detected in the stressed and proline-treated plants. Exogenous application of proline enhanced most of this anatomical characteristic of jojoba leaf under saline stress. In conclusion, proline as a foliar application at 450 ppm under salinity stress of 10,000 ppm enhances jojoba tolerance to salinity stress by modifying the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of jojoba plants.
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Ashfaq W, Fuentes S, Brodie G, Gupta D. The role of silicon in regulating physiological and biochemical mechanisms of contrasting bread wheat cultivars under terminal drought and heat stress environments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:955490. [PMID: 35991426 PMCID: PMC9382082 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.955490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The individual and cumulative effects of drought stress (DS) and heat stress (HS) are the primary cause of grain yield (GY) reduction in a rainfed agricultural system. Crop failures due to DS and HS are predicted to increase in the coming years due to increasingly severe weather events. Plant available silicon (Si, H4SiO4) has been widely reported for its beneficial effects on plant development, productivity, and attenuating physiological and biochemical impairments caused by various abiotic stresses. The current study investigated the impact of pre-sowing Si treatment on six contrasting wheat cultivars (four drought and heat stress-tolerant and two drought and heat stress-susceptible) under individual and combined effects of drought and heat stress at an early grain-filling stage. DS, HS, and drought-heat combined stress (DHS) significantly (p < 0.05) altered morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes in susceptible and tolerant wheat cultivars. However, results showed that Si treatment significantly improved various stress-affected morpho-physiological and biochemical traits, including GY (>40%) and yield components. Si treatment significantly (p < 0.001) increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging antioxidant activities at the cellular level, which is linked with higher abiotic stress tolerance in wheat. With Si treatment, osmolytes concentration increased significantly by >50% in tolerant and susceptible wheat cultivars. Similarly, computational water stress indices (canopy temperature, crop water stress index, and canopy temperature depression) also improved with Si treatment under DS, HS, and DHS in susceptible and tolerant wheat cultivars. The study concludes that Si treatment has the potential to mitigate the detrimental effects of individual and combined stress of DS, HS, and DHS at an early grain-filling stage in susceptible and tolerant wheat cultivars in a controlled environment. These findings also provide a foundation for future research to investigate Si-induced tolerance mechanisms in susceptible and tolerant wheat cultivars at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Ashfaq
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Dorin Gupta
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Tayade R, Ghimire A, Khan W, Lay L, Attipoe JQ, Kim Y. Silicon as a Smart Fertilizer for Sustainability and Crop Improvement. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081027. [PMID: 35892337 PMCID: PMC9332292 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si), despite being abundant in nature, is still not considered a necessary element for plants. Si supplementation in plants has been extensively studied over the last two decades, and the role of Si in alleviating biotic and abiotic stress has been well documented. Owing to the noncorrosive nature and sustainability of elemental Si, Si fertilization in agricultural practices has gained more attention. In this review, we provide an overview of different smart fertilizer types, application of Si fertilizers in agriculture, availability of Si fertilizers, and experiments conducted in greenhouses, growth chambers, and open fields. We also discuss the prospects of promoting Si as a smart fertilizer among farmers and the research community for sustainable agriculture and yield improvement. Literature review and empirical studies have suggested that the application of Si-based fertilizers is expected to increase in the future. With the potential of nanotechnology, new nanoSi (NSi) fertilizer applications may further increase the use and efficiency of Si fertilizers. However, the general awareness and scientific investigation of NSi need to be thoughtfully considered. Thus, we believe this review can provide insight for further research into Si fertilizers as well as promote Si as a smart fertilizer for sustainability and crop improvement.
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The Role of Serendipita indica (Piriformospora indica) in Improving Plant Resistance to Drought and Salinity Stresses. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070952. [PMID: 36101333 PMCID: PMC9312039 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Environmental stresses are one of the biggest threats to modern agriculture, and climate change has heightened the risks of these stresses in different parts of the world. Among all the environmental stresses, salinity and drought are a severe threat to arid and semi-arid regions of the world, and for a long time, scientists have been searching for ways to reduce the risk of these stresses. In recent decades, solutions have been developed to reduce the risk of environmental stress on plants by identifying beneficial soil microorganisms. This study was conducted to identify morphophysiological and molecular changes of plants in coexistence with Serendipita indica and their impact on drought and salinity stress reduction. The study also has investigated the stressors’ impact on plants and the plants’ mechanisms to cope with them; Furthermore, sharing results with researchers provides a clear path for future research. Abstract Plant stress is one of the biggest threats to crops, causing irreparable damage to farmers’ incomes; Therefore, finding suitable, affordable, and practical solutions will help the agricultural economy and prevent the loss of millions of tons of agricultural products. Scientists have taken significant steps toward improving farm productivity in the last few decades by discovering how beneficial soil microorganisms enhance plant resistance to environmental stresses. Among these microorganisms is Serendipita indica, which the benefits of coexisting this fungus with plant roots have been extensively explored in recent years. By investigating fungus specification and its effects on plants’ morphological, physiological, and molecular traits, the present study seeks to understand how Serendipita indica affects plant resistance to salinity and drought conditions. Furthermore, this study attempts to identify the unknown mechanisms of action of the coexistence of Serendipita indica with plants in the face of stress using information from previous studies. Thus, it provides a way for future research to assess the impact of this fungus on tackling environmental stresses and enhancing agricultural productivity.
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Paradisone V, Navarro-León E, Albacete A, Ruiz JM, Esposito S, Blasco B. Improvement of the physiological response of barley plants to both Zinc deficiency and toxicity by the application of calcium silicate. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111259. [PMID: 35487667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An adequate availability of Zinc (Zn) is crucial for plant growth and development given the essentiality of this element. Thus, both Zn deficiency and Zn toxicity can limit crop yields. In plants, the responses to Zn imbalances involve important physiological aspects such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, phytohormone balance, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolism, and organic acids (OAs) accumulation. However, a way to improve tolerance to stresses such as those produced by nutritional imbalances is the application of beneficial elements such as silicon (Si). In this study, we grew barley plants in hydroponics under Zn deficiency and toxicity conditions, applying Si in the form of CaSiO3 in order to assess its effectiveness against Zn imbalances. Parameters related to plant growth, oxidative stress, TCA enzyme activities, phytohormones and OAs accumulation were analyzed. Both Zn deficiency and toxicity reduced leaf biomass, increased ROS accumulation, and affected phytohormone and OAs concentrations and TCA enzyme activities. CaSiO3 treatment was effective in counteracting these effects enhancing Zn accumulation under Zn deficient conditions and limiting its accumulation under toxic conditions. In addition, this treatment decreased ROS levels, and improved ascorbate/glutathione and phytohormonal responses, citrate synthase activity, and malate/oxalate ratio. Therefore, this study enhanced the notion of the efficacy of CaSiO3 in improving tolerance to Zn imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Paradisone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, Napoli 80126, Italy.
| | - Eloy Navarro-León
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - Juan M Ruiz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, Napoli 80126, Italy.
| | - Begoña Blasco
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Awan SA, Khan I, Rizwan M, Ali Z, Ali S, Khan N, Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Ilyas N. A new technique for reducing accumulation, transport, and toxicity of heavy metals in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by bio-filtration of river wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133642. [PMID: 35063550 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of contaminants such as heavy metals in an aqueous environment has become a global concern. In the present study, a bio-filter was designed to eliminate heavy metals from river wastewater contaminated with industrial effluents. Moreover, we analyzed simple tap water, bio-filtered water, and unfiltered river wastewater and measured the concentrations of different heavy metals in the samples, such as cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu). The current experiment explored irrigation effects of three water regimes (tap water, bio-filtered water, and wastewater) on two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties (NARC-2009 and NARC-2011). Results of the present study indicated that wastewater negatively influenced the growth parameters and photosynthetic contents along with a significant increase in oxidative damage in terms of electrolyte leakage (EL) (50 and 61%), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (52 and 61 μmol/g), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (16 and 17.7 μmol/g) contents in NARC-2009 and NARC-2011 respectively. However, bio-filtered water positively regulated the growth profile, activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), total soluble sugars, amino acids, total protein, and proline contents in wheat as compared with untreated wastewater. In addition, bio-filtered water had significant impacts on the reduction of Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cu concentrations in roots, shoots, and grains of both wheat varieties as compared to wastewater. The concentrations (mg/kg) of Cd (15 and 18), Ni (35 and 57), Pb (5 and 7), and Cu (69 and 72) in roots, Cd (5 and 6), Ni (24 and 43), Pb (3 and 4), and Cu (16 and 19) in shoots, and Cd (0.7 and 1.0), Ni (11 and 26), Pb (2 and 3), and Cu (1.6 and 1.5) in grains of NARC-2009 and NARC-2011 were found under river wastewater treatment. Overall, wastewater treatment through bio-filtration process is an effective strategy for the reduction of toxic elements in bio-filtered water and their accumulation by plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrah Afzal Awan
- College of Grassland Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- College of Grassland Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeshan Ali
- Plant Physiology Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.
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Zulfiqar B, Raza MAS, Saleem MF, Aslam MU, Iqbal R, Muhammad F, Amin J, Ibrahim MA, Khan IH. Biochar enhances wheat crop productivity by mitigating the effects of drought: Insights into physiological and antioxidant defense mechanisms. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267819. [PMID: 35482811 PMCID: PMC9049366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is a major limitation in wheat production around the globe. Organic amendments could be the possible option in semi-arid climatic conditions to mitigate the adverse effects of drought at critical growth stages. Wheat straw biochar (BC0 = Control, BC1 = 3% biochar and BC2 = 5% biochar) was used to alleviate the drought stress at tillering (DTS), flowering (DFS), and grain filling (DGFS) stages. Drought stress significantly reduced the growth and yield of wheat at critical growth stages, with DGFS being the most susceptible stage, resulting in significant yield loss. Biochar application substantially reduced the detrimental effects of drought by improving plant height (15.74%), fertile tiller count (17.14%), spike length (16.61%), grains per spike (13.89%), thousand grain weight (10.4%), and biological yield (13.1%) when compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, physiological parameters such as water use efficiency (38.41%), stomatal conductance (42.76%), chlorophyll a (19.3%), chlorophyll b (22.24%), transpiration rate (39.17%), photosynthetic rate (24.86%), electrolyte leakage (-42.5%) hydrogen peroxide (-18.03%) superoxide dismutase (24.66%), catalase (24.11%) and peroxidase (-13.14%) were also improved by biochar application. The use of principal component analysis linked disparate scales of our findings to explain the changes occurred in wheat growth and yield in response to biochar application under drought circumstances. In essence, using biochar at 5% rate could be a successful strategy to promote wheat grain production by reducing the hazardous impacts of drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Zulfiqar
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- * E-mail: ,
| | | | - Muhammad Usman Aslam
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Faqeer Muhammad
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Amin
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif Ibrahim
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Imran Haider Khan
- National Engineering and Technology Centre for Information Agriculture (NETCIA), College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
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Zhao K, Yang Y, Zhang L, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Huang H, Luo S, Luo L. Silicon-based additive on heavy metal remediation in soils: Toxicological effects, remediation techniques, and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112244. [PMID: 34688645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical fertilizer is gaining increasing attention and has been the center of much research which indicating complex beneficial and harmful effects. Chemical fertilizer might cause some environmental hazards to the biosphere, especially in the agricultural ecosystem. The application of silicon (Si) fertilizer in agriculture has been proved to be able to create good economic and environmental benefits. Si is the second most abundant earth crust element. Si fertilizer improves soil quality and alleviates biotic and abiotic crop stress. It is of great significance to understand the function of Si fertilizer in agricultural utilization and environmental remediation. This paper reviews the Si-based fertilizer in farmland use and summarizes prior research relevant with characterization, soil quality improvement, and pollution remediation effects. Its use in agriculture enhances plant silicon uptake, mediates plant salt and drought stress and remediates heavy metals such as Al, As, Cd, Cu, Zn and Cr. This article also summarizes the detoxification mechanism of silicon and its effects on plant physiological activity such as photosynthesis and transpiration. Fertilizer materials and crop fertilizer management were also considered. Foliar spraying is an effective method to improve crop growth and yield and reduce biotic or abiotic stress. Silicon nanoparticle material provides potential with great potential and prospects. More investigation and research are prospected to better understand how silicon impacts the environment and whether it is a beneficial additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqi Zhao
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China.
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China.
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China
| | - Shuang Luo
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Center for Agricultural Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410028, China
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Khan AL, Lopes LD, Bilal S, Asaf S, Crawford KM, Balan V, Al-Rawahi A, Al-Harrasi A, Schachtman DP. Microbiome Variation Across Populations of Desert Halophyte Zygophyllum qatarensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:841217. [PMID: 35432394 PMCID: PMC9009292 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.841217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial symbionts play a significant role in plant health and stress tolerance. However, few studies exist that address rare species of core-microbiome function during abiotic stress. In the current study, we compared the microbiome composition of succulent dwarf shrub halophyte Zygophyllum qatarensis Hadidi across desert populations. The results showed that rhizospheric and endosphere microbiome greatly varied due to soil texture (sandy and gravel). No specific bacterial amplicon sequence variants were observed in the core-microbiome of bulk soil and rhizosphere, however, bacterial genus Alcaligenes and fungal genus Acidea were abundantly distributed across root and shoot endospheres. We also analyzed major nutrients such as silicon (Si), magnesium, and calcium across different soil textures and Z. qatarensis populations. The results showed that the rhizosphere and root parts had significantly higher Si content than the bulk soil and shoot parts. The microbiome variation can be attributed to markedly higher Si - suggesting that selective microbes are contributing to the translocation of soluble Si to root. In conclusion, low core-microbiome species abundance might be due to the harsh growing conditions in the desert - making Z. qatarensis highly selective to associate with microbial communities. Utilizing rare microbial players from plant microbiomes may be vital for increasing crop stress tolerance and productivity during stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX, United States
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lucas Dantas Lopes
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Centre for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Kerri M. Crawford
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Daniel P. Schachtman
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Centre for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Hajihashemi S, Kazemi S. The potential of foliar application of nano-chitosan-encapsulated nano-silicon donor in amelioration the adverse effect of salinity in the wheat plant. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:148. [PMID: 35346042 PMCID: PMC8961914 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nano-materials ameliorate the adverse effect of salinity stress on the physiological and biochemical processes in plants. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the physiological mechanisms through which a nano-chitosan-encapsulated nano-silicon fertilizer (NC-NS) can ameliorate the adverse effect of salinity stress on the wheat plants, and compare it with nano-chitosan (NC) and nano-silicon (NS) application. Nano-silicon was encapsulated with a chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) nano-matrix by ionic gelation method for its slow release. The wheat plants were exposed to foliar application of distilled water, NC, NS, and NC-NS with two NaCl irrigation levels at 0 (distilled water) and 100 mM. RESULTS The foliar application of NC, NS, and NC-NS induced a significant increase in the function of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems of the wheat plants to equilibrate cellular redox homeostasis by balancing H2O2 content in the leaves and roots, as compared with salt-stressed plants without treatment. The plant's foliar-sprayed with NC, NS, and NC-NS solution exhibited a significant increase in the molecules with osmotic adjustment potentials such as proline, free amino acids, glycine betaine, and sugars to protect cells against osmotic stress-induced by salinity. The observed increase in the antioxidant power and osmoregulatory at NC, NS, and NC-NS application was accompanied by the protection of lipid membrane, proteins and photosynthetic apparatus against salinity stress. CONCLUSION In the present study, the beneficial role of NC, NS, and NC-NS application, particularly NC-NS, in alleviating the adverse effect of salinity stress on antioxidant systems and osmotic adjustment in wheat is well documented. An overview of the result of present study assists researchers in providing a potential solution for this increasing salinization threat in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Hajihashemi
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, 63616-63973, Khuzestan, Iran.
| | - Shadi Kazemi
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, 63616-63973, Khuzestan, Iran
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Silicon improves ion homeostasis and growth of liquorice under salt stress by reducing plant Na + uptake. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5089. [PMID: 35332196 PMCID: PMC8948228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) effectively alleviates the effects of salt stress in plants and can enhance salt tolerance in liquorice. However, the mechanisms by which Si improved salt tolerance in liquorice and the effects of foliar application of Si on different liquorice species under salt stress are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of foliar application of Si on the growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and ion balance of two liquorice species, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G. inflata. High salt stress resulted in the accumulation of a large amount of Na+, decreased photosynthetic pigment concentrations, perturbed ion homeostasis, and eventually inhibited both liquorice species growth. These effects were more pronounced in G. uralensis, as G. inflata is more salt tolerant than G. uralensis. Foliar application of Si effectively reduced the decomposition of photosynthetic pigments and improved gas exchange parameters, thereby promoting photosynthesis. It also effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation and leaf electrolyte leakage and enhanced osmotic adjustment of the plants. Furthermore, Si application increased the K+ concentration and reduced Na+ absorption, transport, and accumulation in the plants. The protective effects of Si were more pronounced in G. uralensis than in G. inflata. In conclusion, Si reduces Na+ absorption, improves ion balance, and alleviates the negative effects of salt stress in the two liquorice species studied, but the effect is species dependent. These findings may help to develop novel strategies for protecting liquorice plants against salt stress and provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of salt tolerance and the scientific cultivation of liquorice.
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Drenched Silicon Suppresses Disease and Insect Pests in Coffee Plant Grown in Controlled Environment by Improving Physiology and Upregulating Defense Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073543. [PMID: 35408899 PMCID: PMC8998747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant disease and insect pests are major limiting factors that reduce crop production worldwide. The ornamental indoor cultivation cash crop dwarf coffee Punica arabica ‘Pacas’ is also troubled by these issues. Silicon (Si) is one of the most abundant elements in the lithosphere and positively impacts plant health by effectively mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. Several studies have shown that Si activates plant defense systems, although the specific nature of the involvement of Si in biochemical processes that lead to resistance is unclear. In our study, Si significantly promoted the growth and development of dwarf coffee seedlings grown in plant growth chambers. More than that, through natural infection, Si suppressed disease and insect pests by improving physiology (e.g., the strong development of the internal structures of roots, stems, and leaves; higher photosynthetic efficiency; more abundant organic matter accumulation; the promotion of root activity; the efficient absorption and transfer of mineral elements; and various activated enzymes) and up-regulating defense genes (CaERFTF11 and CaERF13). Overall, in agriculture, Si may potentially contribute to global food security and safety by assisting in the creation of enhanced crop types with optimal production as well by mitigating plant disease and insect pests. In this sense, Si is a sustainable alternative in agricultural production.
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Mir RA, Bhat BA, Yousuf H, Islam ST, Raza A, Rizvi MA, Charagh S, Albaqami M, Sofi PA, Zargar SM. Multidimensional Role of Silicon to Activate Resilient Plant Growth and to Mitigate Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819658. [PMID: 35401625 PMCID: PMC8984490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural production is critically antagonistic by fluctuating unfavorable environmental conditions. The introduction of mineral elements emerged as the most exciting and magical aspect, apart from the novel intervention of traditional and applied strategies to defend the abiotic stress conditions. The silicon (Si) has ameliorating impacts by regulating diverse functionalities on enhancing the growth and development of crop plants. Si is categorized as a non-essential element since crop plants accumulate less during normal environmental conditions. Studies on the application of Si in plants highlight the beneficial role of Si during extreme stressful conditions through modulation of several metabolites during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones are primary plant metabolites positively regulated by Si during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones play a pivotal role in crop plants' broad-spectrum biochemical and physiological aspects during normal and extreme environmental conditions. Frontline phytohormones include auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid. These phytohormones are internally correlated with Si in regulating abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. This review explores insights into the role of Si in enhancing the phytohormone metabolism and its role in maintaining the physiological and biochemical well-being of crop plants during diverse abiotic stresses. Moreover, in-depth information about Si's pivotal role in inducing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants through metabolic and molecular modulations is elaborated. Furthermore, the potential of various high throughput technologies has also been discussed in improving Si-induced multiple stress tolerance. In addition, a special emphasis is engrossed in the role of Si in achieving sustainable agricultural growth and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | | | - Henan Yousuf
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | | | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaze A. Sofi
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, India
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Ghosh UK, Islam MN, Siddiqui MN, Cao X, Khan MAR. Proline, a multifaceted signalling molecule in plant responses to abiotic stress: understanding the physiological mechanisms. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:227-239. [PMID: 34796604 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses have a detrimental impact on plant growth and productivity and are a major threat to sustainable crop production in rapidly changing environments. Proline, an important amino acid, plays an important role in maintaining the metabolism and growth of plants under abiotic stress conditions. Many insights indicate a positive relationship between proline accumulation and tolerance of plants to various abiotic stresses. Because of its metal chelator properties, it acts as a molecular chaperone, an antioxidative defence molecule that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as having signalling behaviour to activate specific gene functions that are crucial for plant recovery from stresses. It also acts as an osmoprotectant, a potential source to acquire nitrogen as well as carbon, and plays a significant role in the flowering and development of plants. Overproduction of proline in plant cells contributes to maintaining cellular homeostasis, water uptake, osmotic adjustment and redox balance to restore the cell structures and mitigate oxidative damage. Many reports reveal that transgenic plants, particularly those overexpressing genes tailored for proline accumulation, exhibit better adaptation to abiotic stresses. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive update on proline biosynthesis and accumulation in plants and its putative regulatory roles in mediating plant defence against abiotic stresses. Additionally, the current and future directions in research concerning manipulation of proline to induce gene functions that appear promising in genetics and genomics approaches to improve plant adaptive responses under changing climate conditions are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Ghosh
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M N Islam
- Department of Agro-Processing, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - M N Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - X Cao
- School of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - M A R Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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Ismail LM, Soliman MI, Abd El-Aziz MH, Abdel-Aziz HMM. Impact of Silica Ions and Nano Silica on Growth and Productivity of Pea Plants under Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040494. [PMID: 35214827 PMCID: PMC8876481 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of silicon (Si) and nano-silicon (NSi) on growth, yield, ions content, and antioxidant defense systems, including transcript levels of enzyme-encoding genes in Pisum sativum plants grown under salinity stress. Both Si and NSi were applied at the 3 mM level and NaCl was applied at 4 concentrations (100, 150, 200 and 250 mM). Vegetative growth, including plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weights, and yield attributes were determined. Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes was analyzed, and their activities were determined. The results showed that salinity had deleterious effects on plant growth and yield. Salt-stressed plant leaves exhibited a greater activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), but a lower activity of catalase (CAT) when compared to the control. Na+ ions accumulated in roots and shoots of salinized plants. The application of Si and NSi significantly enhanced vegetative growth and relative water content (RWC), and caused significant increases in plant height, fresh and dry weight, total yield, and antioxidant defense systems. Si and NSi enhanced K+ content in roots and shoots under salinity treatment and decreased Na+ content in the studied tissues. It was concluded that the application of NSi was beneficial in improving the salt tolerance of Pisum sativum plants more than Si alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa M. Ismail
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (L.M.I.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Magda I. Soliman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (L.M.I.); (M.I.S.)
| | | | - Heba M. M. Abdel-Aziz
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (L.M.I.); (M.I.S.)
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Tang T, Kang W, Shen M, Chen L, Zhao X, Wang Y, Xu S, Ming A, Feng T, Deng H, Zheng S. Accumulation Mechanism and Risk Assessment of Artemisia selengensis Seedling In Vitro with the Hydroponic Culture under Cadmium Pressure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031183. [PMID: 35162204 PMCID: PMC8834386 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Artemisia selengensis is a perennial herb of the Compositae with therapeutic and economic value in China. The cadmium (Cd) accumulation mechanism and healthy risk evaluation of A. selengensis were investigated in this study. Tissue culture seedlings were obtained by plant tissue culture in vitro, and the effect of Cd stress (Cd concentration of 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 μM) on A. selengensis was studied under hydroponic conditions. The results showed that low-Cd (0.5–1 μM) stress caused a rare effect on the growth of A. selengensis seedlings, which regularly grew below the 10 μM Cd treatment concentration. The biomass growth rate of the 0.5, 1, and 5 μM treatment groups reached 105.8%, 96.6%, and 84.8% after 40 days of cultivation, respectively. In addition, when the concentration of Cd was greater than 10 μM, the plant growth was obviously inhibited, i.e., chlorosis of leaves, blackening roots, destroyed cell ultrastructure, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The root could be the main location of metal uptake, 57.8–70.8% of the Cd was concentrated in the root after 40 days of cultivation. Furthermore, the root cell wall was involved in the fixation of 49–71% Cd by subcellular extraction, and the involvement of the participating functional groups of the cell wall, such as -COOH, -OH, and -NH2, in metal uptake was assessed by FTIR analysis. Target hazard quotient (THQ) was used to assess the health risk of A. selengensis, and it was found that the edible part had no health risk only under low-Cd stress (0.5 to 1 μM) and short-term treatment (less than 20 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, China; (T.T.); (L.C.); (T.F.)
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Mining Area Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (M.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Wei Kang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Mining Area Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (M.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.D.); (S.Z.)
- College of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15072077233
| | - Mi Shen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Mining Area Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (M.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, China; (T.T.); (L.C.); (T.F.)
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Mining Area Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (M.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xude Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Mining Area Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (M.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yongkui Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Mining Area Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (M.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shunwen Xu
- Huangshi Vegetable Industry Development Center, Huangshi 435003, China; (S.X.); (A.M.)
| | - Anhuai Ming
- Huangshi Vegetable Industry Development Center, Huangshi 435003, China; (S.X.); (A.M.)
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, China; (T.T.); (L.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Haiyan Deng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Mining Area Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (M.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.D.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuqi Zheng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Mining Area Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China; (M.S.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.D.); (S.Z.)
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Iqbal S, Wang X, Mubeen I, Kamran M, Kanwal I, Díaz GA, Abbas A, Parveen A, Atiq MN, Alshaya H, Zin El-Abedin TK, Fahad S. Phytohormones Trigger Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants: Outlook and Future Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:799318. [PMID: 35095971 PMCID: PMC8792739 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.799318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the past and present, human activities have been involved in triggering global warming, causing drought stresses that affect animals and plants. Plants are more defenseless against drought stress; and therefore, plant development and productive output are decreased. To decrease the effect of drought stress on plants, it is crucial to establish a plant feedback mechanism of resistance to drought. The drought reflex mechanisms include the physical stature physiology and biochemical, cellular, and molecular-based processes. Briefly, improving the root system, leaf structure, osmotic-balance, comparative water contents and stomatal adjustment are considered as most prominent features against drought resistance in crop plants. In addition, the signal transduction pathway and reactive clearance of oxygen are crucial mechanisms for coping with drought stress via calcium and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, auxin, gibberellin, ethylene, brassinosteroids and peptide molecules. Furthermore, microorganisms, such as fungal and bacterial organisms, play a vital role in increasing resistance against drought stress in plants. The number of characteristic loci, transgenic methods and the application of exogenous substances [nitric oxide, (C28H48O6) 24-epibrassinolide, proline, and glycine betaine] are also equally important for enhancing the drought resistance of plants. In a nutshell, the current review will mainly focus on the role of phytohormones and related mechanisms involved in drought tolerance in various crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehzad Iqbal
- Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Universidad De Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Xiukang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Iqra Mubeen
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Disease and Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Iqra Kanwal
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Gonzalo A. Díaz
- Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, Universidad De Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Aqleem Abbas
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aasma Parveen
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nauman Atiq
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huda Alshaya
- Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, NC, United States
| | - Tarek K. Zin El-Abedin
- Department of Agriculture and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
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Verma KK, Song XP, Joshi A, Tian DD, Rajput VD, Singh M, Arora J, Minkina T, Li YR. Recent Trends in Nano-Fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture under Climate Change for Global Food Security. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:173. [PMID: 35010126 PMCID: PMC8746782 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nano-fertilizers (NFs) significantly improve soil quality and plant growth performance and enhance crop production with quality fruits/grains. The management of macro-micronutrients is a big task globally, as it relies predominantly on synthetic chemical fertilizers which may not be environmentally friendly for human beings and may be expensive for farmers. NFs may enhance nutrient uptake and plant production by regulating the availability of fertilizers in the rhizosphere; extend stress resistance by improving nutritional capacity; and increase plant defense mechanisms. They may also substitute for synthetic fertilizers for sustainable agriculture, being found more suitable for stimulation of plant development. They are associated with mitigating environmental stresses and enhancing tolerance abilities under adverse atmospheric eco-variables. Recent trends in NFs explored relevant agri-technology to fill the gaps and assure long-term beneficial agriculture strategies to safeguard food security globally. Accordingly, nanoparticles are emerging as a cutting-edge agri-technology for agri-improvement in the near future. Interestingly, they do confer stress resistance capabilities to crop plants. The effective and appropriate mechanisms are revealed in this article to update researchers widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India; (A.J.); (J.A.)
| | - Dan-Dan Tian
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (V.D.R.); (T.M.)
| | - Munna Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Jaya Arora
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India; (A.J.); (J.A.)
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (V.D.R.); (T.M.)
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Mavrič Čermelj A, Golob A, Vogel-Mikuš K, Germ M. Silicon Mitigates Negative Impacts of Drought and UV-B Radiation in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:91. [PMID: 35009094 PMCID: PMC8747213 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to climate change, plants are being more adversely affected by heatwaves, floods, droughts, and increased temperatures and UV radiation. This review focuses on enhanced UV-B radiation and drought, and mitigation of their adverse effects through silicon addition. Studies on UV-B stress and addition of silicon or silicon nanoparticles have been reported for crop plants including rice, wheat, and soybean. These have shown that addition of silicon to plants under UV-B radiation stress increases the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and UV-absorbing and antioxidant compounds. Silicon also affects photosynthesis rate, proline content, metal toxicity, and lipid peroxidation. Drought is a stress factor that affects normal plant growth and development. It has been frequently reported that silicon can reduce stress caused by different abiotic factors, including drought. For example, under drought stress, silicon increases ascorbate peroxidase activity, total soluble sugars content, relative water content, and photosynthetic rate. Silicon also decreases peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities, and malondialdehyde content. The effects of silicon on drought and concurrently UV-B stressed plants has not yet been studied in detail, but initial studies show some stress mitigation by silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Mavrič Čermelj
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.G.); (K.V.-M.); (M.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Golob
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.G.); (K.V.-M.); (M.G.)
| | - Katarina Vogel-Mikuš
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.G.); (K.V.-M.); (M.G.)
- Jozef Stefan Institut, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Germ
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.G.); (K.V.-M.); (M.G.)
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Meng X, Luo S, Dawuda MM, Gao X, Wang S, Xie J, Tang Z, Liu Z, Wu Y, Jin L, Lyu J, Yu J. Exogenous silicon enhances the systemic defense of cucumber leaves and roots against CA-induced autotoxicity stress by regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and photosystem II. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 227:112879. [PMID: 34649142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamic acid (CA), one of the main autotoxins secreted by cucumber roots during continuous cropping, inhibits plant growth and reduces yield. Silicon (Si) is an environmentally friendly element that alleviates abiotic stresses in plants, but the mechanism underlying its resistance to autotoxicity remain unclear. Here, we used 0.8 mmol L-1 CA to study the effects of Si application on the growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle of cucumber seedlings under CA inducing conditions. Our results indicated that CA significantly induced photoinhibition and overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inhibiting cucumber growth. Treatment with 1.0 mmol L-1 Si improved plant height, stem diameter and biomass accumulation, and protected the photosynthetic electron transport function of photosystem II in the presence of CA. Similarly, Si application maintained the ROS status by increasing ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) production, as well as the ratios of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG in both leaves and roots during CA stress. In addition, Si application in CA-treated seedlings enhanced the activity of key enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the transcription of several enzyme genes (CsAPX, CsMDHAR and CsGR) from the AsA-GSH cycle. These results suggest that exogenous Si enhances CA tolerance in cucumber seedlings by protecting photosystem II activity, upregulating AsA-GSH pathway, and reducing ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Xueqin Gao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Li Jin
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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El Moukhtari A, Carol P, Mouradi M, Savoure A, Farissi M. Silicon improves physiological, biochemical, and morphological adaptations of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) during salinity stress. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Alleviation of Cadmium Phytotoxicity Using Silicon Fertilization in Wheat by Altering Antioxidant Metabolism and Osmotic Adjustment. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132011317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Humans are facing very serious health threats from food contamination with cadmium (Cd), and Cd uptake by wheat is amongst the main causes of Cd entrance into the food chain. The current study examined the effect of foliar application (0, 1.50, 3.00 and 4.00 mM) of various silicate chemicals (calcium silicate and potassium silicate) on wheat growth and Cd addition by wheat under Cd stress 20 mg kg−1 of soil using CdCl2. The results revealed that under control conditions, the application of Si improved all the growth, physiological, biochemical and quality attributes by reducing malondialdehyde contents and electrolyte leakage. Under Cd stress, the supplementation of Si conferred a better growth rate, gaseous exchange for metabolic activity and maintained the tissues’ turgor and membranes’ stabilities compared to those obtained under control (without Si). The enzymatic activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase) also show rapid action by the application of Si supplement, which were associated with elevated osmoprotectant contents and antioxidants, having role in antioxidant defense against Cd stress. These results suggested that a 4.50 mM concentration of Si supplement (potassium silicate) works effectively against Cd stress. The given results showed that Si supplement is beneficial for the enhancement of many metabolic activities that takes places in plants during the growth period that proved a feasible approach in controlling the Cd concentration within wheat plants and, ultimately, in humans.
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