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Pinto B, Correia D, Conde T, Faria M, Oliveira M, Domingues MDR, Domingues I. Impact of chronic fluoxetine exposure on zebrafish: From fatty acid profile to behavior. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142026. [PMID: 38615959 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of antidepressants, such as fluoxetine, has increased over the years and, as a result, they are increasingly found in aquatic systems. Given the increasing use of zebrafish as an animal model in toxicological studies, this work proposed to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure, for 21 days, to fluoxetine at environmentally relevant concentrations (1, 10, 100, and 1000 ng/L). The behavioral tests performed did not reveal significant effects of fluoxetine. However, oxidative stress and changes in energy metabolism were detected after exposure to the highest concentrations of fluoxetine tested, namely a decrease in glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity (decrease of ca. 31%), increase in catalase (CAT) activity (increase of ca. 71%), and decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (decrease of ca. 53%). Analysis of the fatty acid profile (FA) revealed a decrease in the omega-3 FA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), C22:6 (decrease in relative abundance between 6% and 8% for both the head and body), an increase in omega-6 FA, linoleic acid (LA), C18:2, (increased relative abundance between 8% and 11% in the head and between 5% and 9% in the body), which may suggest changes in the inflammatory state of these organisms. The integrated analysis adopted proved to be useful in detecting subindividual effects of fluoxetine and modes of action in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pinto
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Correia
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiago Conde
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Melissa Faria
- IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria do Rosário Domingues
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Domingues
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Grzesiuk M, Grabska M, Pawelec A. Fluoxetine may interfere with learning in fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 105:104358. [PMID: 38154759 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to test whether fluoxetine impairs learning in fish and whether this potential impairment is reversible. Learning efficiency, with no aversive stimuli, of the Carassius carassius was analysed under different pharmaceutical conditions: (i) fish cultured without antidepressant (control), (ii) fish exposed to fluoxetine for 21 days (fluoxetine), and (iii) fish exposed to fluoxetine for 21 days and then cultured without fluoxetine for another 21 days (recovery). We exposed animals to environmental concentrations (360 ng L-1) of antidepressant. The learning rate was measured by timing how long it took the individual fish to find food and start feeding, six days in a row. The control and recovery fish took significantly less time to start eating over the six days. Control fish start eating 14 times faster than the fluoxetine fish. Fluoxetine can significantly affect learning and 21-day recovery period is not enough to fully restore the original learning abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Grzesiuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Grabska
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Pawelec
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Motteau S, Deborde M, Gombert B, Karpel Vel Leitner N. Non-target analysis for water characterization: wastewater treatment impact and selection of relevant features. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:4154-4173. [PMID: 38097837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30972-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Non-target analyses were conducted to characterize and compare the molecular profiles (UHPLC-HRMS fingerprint) of water samples from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Inlet and outlet samples were collected from three campaigns spaced 6 months apart in order to highlight common trends. A significant impact of the treatment on the sample fingerprints was shown, with a 65-70% abatement of the number of features detected in the effluent, and more polar, smaller and less intense molecules found overall compared to those in WWTP influent waters. Multivariate analysis (PCA) associated with variations of the features between inlets and outlets showed that features appearing or increasing were correlated with effluents while those disappearing or decreasing were correlated with influents. Finally, effluent features considered as relevant to a potentially adverse effect on aqueous media (i.e. those which appeared or increased or slightly varied from the influent) were highlighted. Three hundred seventy-five features common with the 3 campaigns were thus selected and further characterized. For most of them, elementary composition was found to be C, H, N, O (42%) and C, H, N, O, P (18%). Considering the MS2 spectra and several reference MS2 databases, annotations were proposed for 35 of these relevant features. They include synthetic products, pharmaceuticals and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Motteau
- University of Poitiers, Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285), Equipe Eaux Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), 1 Rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA 41105 86073, Cedex, Poitiers, France
| | - Marie Deborde
- University of Poitiers, Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285), Equipe Eaux Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), 1 Rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA 41105 86073, Cedex, Poitiers, France.
- University of Poitiers, UFR Médecine Et de Pharmacie, 6 Rue de La Milétrie, Bâtiment D1, TSA 51115, 86073, Cedex 9, Poitiers, France.
| | - Bertrand Gombert
- University of Poitiers, Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285), Equipe Eaux Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), 1 Rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA 41105 86073, Cedex, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Karpel Vel Leitner
- University of Poitiers, Institut de Chimie Des Milieux Et Des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285), Equipe Eaux Biomarqueurs Contaminants Organiques Milieux (E.BICOM), 1 Rue Marcel Doré, Bâtiment B1, TSA 41105 86073, Cedex, Poitiers, France
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Munné A, Solà C, Ejarque E, Sanchís J, Serra P, Corbella I, Aceves M, Galofré B, Boleda MR, Paraira M, Molist J. Indirect potable water reuse to face drought events in Barcelona city. Setting a monitoring procedure to protect aquatic ecosystems and to ensure a safe drinking water supply. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161339. [PMID: 36603611 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures are expected to limit the availability of water resources. Hence, active measures must be planned in vulnerable regions to ensure a sustainable water supply and minimize environmental impacts. A pilot test was carried out in the Llobregat River (NE Spain) aiming to provide a useful procedure to cope with severe droughts through indirect water reuse. Reclaimed water was used to restore the minimum flow of the lower Llobregat River, ensuring a suitable water supply downstream for Barcelona. A monitoring was performed to assess chemical and microbiological threats throughout the water treatment train, the river and the final drinking water, including 376 micropollutants and common microbiological indicators. The effects of water disinfection were studied by chlorinating reclaimed water prior to its discharge into the river. Data showed that 10 micropollutants (bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, chloroform, EDDP, diclofenac, iopamidol, ioprimid, lamotrigine, ofloxacin and valsartan) posed a potential risk to aquatic life, whereas one solvent (1,4-dioxane) could affect human health. The chlorination of reclaimed water mitigated the occurrence of pharmaceuticals but, conversely, the concentration of halogenated disinfection by-products increased. From a microbiological perspective, the microbial load decreased along wastewater treatments and, later, along drinking water treatment, ultimately reaching undetectable values in final potable water. Non-chlorinated reclaimed water showed a lower log reduction of E. coli and coliphages than chlorinated water. However, the effect of disinfection vanished once reclaimed water was discharged into the river, as the basal concentration of microorganisms in the Llobregat River was comparable to that of non-chlorinated reclaimed water. Overall, our study indicates that indirect water reuse can be a valid alternative source of drinking water in densely populated areas such as Barcelona (Catalonia - NE Spain). A suitable monitoring procedure is presented to assess the related risks to human health and the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Munné
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carolina Solà
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Sanchís
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Serra
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Roc Boronat 81, 08182 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Corbella
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Roc Boronat 81, 08182 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Aceves
- Barcelona Metropolitan Area, C/62, 18, Zona Franca, 08040 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belen Galofré
- Aigües de Barcelona, General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Rosa Boleda
- Aigües de Barcelona, General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Paraira
- Aigües de Barcelona, General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Molist
- Catalan Water Agency, c/ Provença 260, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Beretsou VG, Nika MC, Manoli K, Michael C, Sui Q, Lundy L, Revitt DM, Thomaidis NS, Fatta-Kassinos D. Multiclass target analysis of contaminants of emerging concern including transformation products, soil bioavailability assessment and retrospective screening as tools to evaluate risks associated with reclaimed water reuse. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158391. [PMID: 36049679 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of 200 multiclass contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) encompassing 168 medicinal products and transformation products (TPs), 5 artificial sweeteners, 12 industrial chemicals, and 15 other compounds was investigated in influent and effluent wastewater samples collected during 7 consecutive days from 5 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in Cyprus. The methodology included a generic solid-phase extraction protocol using mixed-bed cartridges followed by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) analysis. A total of 63 CECs were detected at least in one sample, with 52 and 55 out of the 200 compounds detected in influents and effluents, respectively. Ten (10) out of the 24 families of parent compounds and associated TPs were found in the wastewater samples (influent or effluent). 1-H-benzotriazole, carbamazepine, citalopram, lamotrigine, sucralose, tramadol, and venlafaxine (>80 % frequency of appearance in effluents) were assessed with respect to their bioavailability in soil as part of different scenarios of irrigation with reclaimed water following a qualitative approach. A high score of 12 (high probability) was predicted for 2 scenarios, a low score of 3 (rare occasions) for 2 scenarios, while the rest 28 scenarios had scores 5-8 (unlikely or limited possibility) and 9-11 (possibly). Retrospective screening was performed with the use of a target database of 2466 compounds and led to the detection of 158 additional compounds (medicinal products (65), medicinal products TPs (15), illicit drugs (7), illicit drugs TPs (3), industrial chemicals (11), plant protection products (25), plant protection products TPs (10), and various other compounds (22). This work aspires to showcase how the presence of CECs in wastewater could be investigated and assessed at WWTP level, including an expert-based methodology for assessing the soil bioavailability of CECs, with the aim to develop sustainable practices and enhance reclaimed water reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki G Beretsou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas-International Water Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Manoli
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Costas Michael
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Qian Sui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lian Lundy
- Middlesex University, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom
| | - D Michael Revitt
- Middlesex University, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas-International Water Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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6
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Tomic A, Cvetnic M, Kovacic M, Kusic H, Karamanis P, Bozic AL. Structural features promoting adsorption of contaminants of emerging concern onto TiO 2 P25: experimental and computational approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:87628-87644. [PMID: 35819674 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of the structural features affecting the adsorption of organics, especially contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), onto TiO2 P25 in aqueous medium has far-reaching implications for the understanding and modification of TiO2 P25 in the roles such as an adsorbent and photocatalyst. The effect of pH and γ(TiO2 P25) as variables on the extent of removal of organics by adsorption on TiO2 P25 was investigated by response surface methodology (RSM) and quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) modeling. Experimentally determined coefficients of adsorption were used as responses in RSM, yielding a quadratic polynomial equation (QPE) for each of the studied organics. Furthermore, coefficients (A, B, C, D, E, and F) obtained from QPEs were used as responses in QSPR modeling to establish their dependence on the structural features of the studied organics. The functional stability and predictive power of the resulting QSPR models were confirmed with internal and external cross validation. The influence of structural features of organics on the adsorption process is explained by molecular descriptors included in the derived QSPR models. The most influential descriptors on the adsorption of organics on TiO2 P25 are found to be those correlated with ionization potential, molecular mass, and volume, then molecular fragments (e.g., -CH =) and particular topological features such as C and N atoms, or two heteroatoms (e.g., N and N or O and Cl) at certain distance. Derived QSPR models can be considered as robust predictive tools for evaluating efficiency of adsorption processes onto TiO2 P25, providing insights into influential structural features facilitating adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Tomic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matija Cvetnic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Kovacic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Panagiotis Karamanis
- Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for Environment and Materials, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Avenue de l'Université BP 576, 64012, Pau, France
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Brecht SA, Kong X, Xia XR, Shea D, Nichols EG. Non-target and suspect-screening analyses of hydroponic soybeans and passive samplers exposed to different watershed irrigation sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:153754. [PMID: 35182644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity increases the likelihood of irrigating food crops with municipal wastewater that may pose potential dietary risks of regulated and non-regulated organic chemical uptake to edible plant tissues. Only a few studies have used high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to assess the uptake of chemicals of concern into food crops. This study used non-target and suspect-screening analyses to compare total chemical features, tentatively identified chemicals (TICs), and EPA ToxCast chemicals in soybean plants and passive samplers exposed to five different irrigation sources that were collected from an agricultural watershed during mild drought conditions. Secondary-treated municipal wastewater effluent, two surface waters, two ground waters, and deionized municipal tap water were used for two hydroponic experiments: soybean roots and shoots and Composite Integrative Passive Samplers (CIPS) harvested after fourteen days of exposure and soybeans after fifty-six days. CIPS were sealed in separate glass amber jars to evaluate their efficacy to mimic chemical features, TICs, and ToxCast chemical uptake in plant roots, shoots, and beans. Total soybean biomass and water use were greatest for tap water, municipal wastewater, and surface water downstream of the municipal wastewater facility relative to groundwater samples and surface water collected upstream of the wastewater facility. ToxCast chemicals were ubiquitous across watershed irrigation sources in abundance, chemical use category, and number. Wastewater-exposed soybeans had the fewest extractable TICs in plant tissues of all irrigation sources. More ToxCast chemicals were identified in CIPS than extracted from irrigation sources by solid phase extraction. ToxCast chemicals in beans and CIPS were similar in number, chemical use category, and log Kow range. CIPS appear to serve as a useful surrogate for ToxCast chemical uptake in beans, the edible food product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Brecht
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Xiang Kong
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Statera Environmental, Inc., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Xin Rui Xia
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Statera Environmental, Inc., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Damian Shea
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Statera Environmental, Inc., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Elizabeth Guthrie Nichols
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Technology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Agathokleous E, Barceló D, Rinklebe J, Sonne C, Calabrese EJ, Koike T. Hormesis induced by silver iodide, hydrocarbons, microplastics, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals: Implications for agroforestry ecosystems health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153116. [PMID: 35063521 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing amounts of silver iodide (AgI) in the environment are expected because of the recent massive expansion of weather modification programs. Concurrently, pharmaceuticals, microplastics, hydrocarbons, and pesticides in terrestrial ecosystems continue contaminating forests and agroforests. Our review supports that AgI induces hormesis, a biphasic dose response characterized by often beneficial low-dose responses and toxic high-dose effects, which adds to the evidence for pharmaceuticals, microplastics, hydrocarbons, and pesticides induced hormesis in numerous species. Doses smaller than the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) positively affect defense physiology, growth, biomass, yields, survival, lifespan, and reproduction. They also lead to negative or undesirable outcomes, including stimulation of pathogenic microbes, pest insects, and weeds with enhanced resistance to drugs and potential negative multi- or trans-generational effects. Such sub-NOAEL effects perplex terrestrial ecosystems managements and may compromise combating outbreaks of disease vectors that can threaten not only forest and agroforestry health but also sensitive human subpopulations living in remote forested areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Ningliu Rd. 219, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research, ICRA-CERCA, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Arctic Research Center (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Hokkaido, Japan
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9
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Fluoxetine-induced neurotoxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations in adult zebrafish Danio rerio. Neurotoxicology 2022; 90:121-129. [PMID: 35304135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine (FLX) exerts its therapeutic effect by inhibiting the presynaptic reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Nonetheless, at high concentrations of this drug, adverse effects occur in the brain of exposed organisms. Bearing this into account, the objective of this study was to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of the fluoxetine through the evaluation of behavior (Novel tank test), determination of oxidative stress, and determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in adult zebrafish Danio rerio. For this purpose, Danio rerio adults were exposed to three environmentally relevant concentrations (5, 10, 16ngL-1) of FLX for 96h. Our results demonstrate fish presented a significant disruption in their behavior, as they remained long-lasting time frozen at the top of the tank. Since we observed a significant reduction of AChE activity in the brain of fish, we believe the above described anxiety-like state is the result of this enzyme impairment. Moreover, as FLX-exposed fish showed a significant increase in the levels of oxidative damage biomarkers, we suggest this AChE disruption is associated with the oxidative stress response fish exhibited. Based on our findings, we believe the environmentally relevant concentration of FLX alters the redox status of the brain, impairing this way the behavior of fish and making them more vulnerable to predation.
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10
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Salahinejad A, Attaran A, Meuthen D, Chivers DP, Niyogi S. Proximate causes and ultimate effects of common antidepressants, fluoxetine and venlafaxine, on fish behavior. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150846. [PMID: 34626640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressant (AD) drugs are widely prescribed for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety disorders. The continuous use of ADs causes significant quantities of these bioactive chemicals to enter the aquatic ecosystems mainly through wastewater effluent discharge. This may result in many aquatic organisms being inadvertently affected by these drugs. Fluoxetine (FLX) and venlafaxine (VEN) are currently among the most widely detected ADs in aquatic systems. A growing body of experimental evidence demonstrates that FLX and VEN have a substantial capacity to induce neurotoxicity and cause behavioral dysfunctions in a wide range of teleost species. At the same time, these studies often report seemingly contradictory results that are confounding in nature. Hence, we clearly require comprehensive reviews that attempt to find overarching patterns and establish possible causes for these variable results. This review aims to explore the current state of knowledge regarding the neurobehavioral effects of FLX and VEN on fishes. This study also discusses the potential mechanistic linkage between the neurotoxicity of ADs and behavioral dysfunction and identifies key knowledge gaps and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Salahinejad
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Anoosha Attaran
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Denis Meuthen
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
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11
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Ribeirinho-Soares S, Moreira NFF, Graça C, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT, Nunes OC. Overgrowth control of potentially hazardous bacteria during storage of ozone treated wastewater through natural competition. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 209:117932. [PMID: 34902759 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Improving the chemical and biological quality of treated wastewater is particularly important in world regions under water stress. In these regions, reutilization of wastewater is seen as an alternative to reduce water demand, particularly for agriculture irrigation. In a reuse scenario, the treated wastewater must have enough quality to avoid chemical and biological contamination of the receiving environment. Ozonation is among the technologies available to efficiently remove organic micropollutants and disinfect secondary effluents, being implemented in full-scale urban wastewater treatment plants worldwide. However, previous studies demonstrated that storage of ozone treated wastewater promoted the overgrowth of potentially harmful bacteria, putting at risk its reutilization, given for instance the possibility of contaminating the food-chain. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the potential beneficial role of inoculation of ozone treated wastewater with a diverse bacterial community during storage, for the control of the overgrowth of potentially hazardous bacteria, through bacterial competition. To achieve this goal, ozone treated wastewater (TWW) was diluted with river water (RW) in the same proportion, and the resulting bacterial community (RW+TWW) was compared to that of undiluted TWW over 7 days storage. As hypothesized, in contrast to TWW, where dominance of Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria, namely Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp., was observed upon storage for 7 days, the bacterial communities of the diluted samples (RW+TWW) were diverse, resembling those of RW. Moreover, given the high abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in RW, the concentration of these genes in RW+TWW did not differ from that of the non-ozonated controls (WW, RW and RW+WW) over the storage period. These results highlight the necessity of finding a suitable pristine diverse bacterial community to be used in the future to compete with bacteria surviving ozonation, to prevent reactivation of undesirable bacteria during storage of treated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ribeirinho-Soares
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Nuno F F Moreira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal; Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Cátia Graça
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - M Fernando R Pereira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Olga C Nunes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
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12
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Moreira NFF, Ribeirinho-Soares S, Viana AT, Graça CAL, Ribeiro ARL, Castelhano N, Egas C, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT, Nunes OC. Rethinking water treatment targets: Bacteria regrowth under unprovable conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117374. [PMID: 34214892 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation is among the currently used technologies to remove chemical and biological contaminants from secondary treated urban wastewater (UWW). Despite its effectiveness on the abatement of organic micropollutants (OMPs) and disinfection, previous studies have shown that regrow of bacteria may occur upon storage of the ozonated UWW. This reactivation has been attributed to the high content of assimilable organic carbon after treatment. In order to investigate if ozonation by-products are the main biological regrowth drivers in stored ozonated UWW, the ozonation surviving cells were resuspended in sterile bottled mineral water (MW), simulating a pristine oligotrophic environment. After 7 days storage, organisms such as Acinetobacter, Methylobacterium, Cupriavidus, Massilia, Acidovorax and Pseudomonas were dominant in both ozonated UWW and pristine MW, demonstrating that bacterial regrowth is not strictly related to the eventual presence of ozonation by-products, but instead with the ability of the surviving cells to cope with nutrient-poor environments. The resistome of UWW before and after ozonation was analysed by metagenomic techniques. Draft metagenome assembled genomes (dMAGs), recovered from both ozonated UWW and after cell resuspension in MW, harboured genes conferring resistance to diverse antibiotics classes. Some of these antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were located in the vicinity of mobile genetic elements, suggesting their potential to be mobilized. Among these, dMAGs affiliated to taxa with high relative abundance in stored water, such as P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., harboured ARGs conferring resistance to 12 and 4 families of antibiotics, respectively, including those encoding carbapenem hydrolysing oxacillinases. The results herein obtained point out that the design and development of new wastewater treatment technologies should include measures to attenuate the imbalance of the bacterial communities promoted by storage of the final treated wastewater, even when applying processes with high mineralization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno F F Moreira
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Ribeirinho-Soares
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Viana
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia A L Graça
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita L Ribeiro
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nadine Castelhano
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Conceição Egas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Next Generation Sequencing Unit, Biocant, BiocantPark, Núcleo 04, Lote 8, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - M Fernando R Pereira
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga C Nunes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Calderón-Franco D, Apoorva S, Medema G, van Loosdrecht MCM, Weissbrodt DG. Upgrading residues from wastewater and drinking water treatment plants as low-cost adsorbents to remove extracellular DNA and microorganisms carrying antibiotic resistance genes from treated effluents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146364. [PMID: 34030392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment is challenged by the continuous emergence of chemical and biological contaminants. Disinfection, advanced oxidation, and activated carbon technologies are accessible in high-income countries to suppress them. Low-cost, easily implementable, and scalable solutions are needed for sanitation across regions. We studied the properties of low-cost absorbents recycled from drinking water and wastewater treatment plant residues to remove environmental DNA and xenogenetic elements from used water. Materials characteristics and DNA adsorption properties of used iron-oxide-coated sands and of sewage-sludge biochar obtained by pyrolysis of surplus activated sludge were examined in bench-scale batch and up-flow column systems. Adsorption profiles followed Freundlich isotherms, suggesting a multilayer adsorption of nucleic acids on these materials. Sewage-sludge biochar exhibited high DNA adsorption capacity (1 mg g-1) and long saturation breakthrough times compared to iron-oxide-coated sand (0.2 mg g-1). Selected antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements present on the free-floating extracellular DNA fraction and on the total environmental DNA (i.e., both extra/intracellular) were removed at 85% and 97% by sewage-sludge biochar and at 54% and 66% by iron-oxide-coated sand, respectively. Sewage-sludge biochar is attractive as low-cost adsorbent to minimize the spread of antimicrobial resistances to the aquatic environment while strengthening the role of sewage treatment plants as resource recovery factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Calderón-Franco
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Seeram Apoorva
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Gertjan Medema
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - David G Weissbrodt
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
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14
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Cui F, Zhu Y, Di S, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chai T. Toxicological Study on Chiral Fluoxetine Exposure to Adult Zebrafish ( Danio rerio): Enantioselective and Sexual Mechanism on Disruption of the Brain Serotonergic System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7479-7490. [PMID: 34002605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of people with depression worldwide has led to concerns regarding antidepressant contamination in aquatic environments, which could have the risk of negative effects on aquatic organisms. Chirality increases its toxicity potentials. Accordingly, we investigated the negative effects of racemic (rac-), R-, and S-FX at environmental levels (100 ng/L) on the brain serotonergic system in zebrafish (Danio rerio) for 42 days. Additionally, we measured the whole-body concentrations of FX and norfluoxetine (NFX). We found that S-FX exposure disrupted the brain serotonergic system more severely than rac- and R-FX exposure. The mechanism underlying this disruption induced by S-FX was sex-specific, with female zebrafish showing disruption of the serotonin (5-HT) release process but male zebrafish showing disruption of the 5-HT synthesis process. In addition, enantioselective enrichment and biotransformation (R-FX to R-NFX and S-FX to S-NFX) occurred in zebrafish. Sex-specific accumulation was also observed, with higher concentrations in females. Our study provides evidence for enantiomer- and sex-specific effects of FX exposure at biologically relevant concentrations. More broadly, our study demonstrated that SSRI antidepressants, such as FX, can affect aquatic life by causing important shifts in not only their active sites of the serotonin transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cui
- Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pesticide, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yunlong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products/Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Tingting Chai
- Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
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15
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Devault DA, Amalric L, Bristeau S, Cruz J, Tapie N, Karolak S, Budzinski H, Lévi Y. Removal efficiency of emerging micropollutants in biofilter wastewater treatment plants in tropical areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10940-10966. [PMID: 33105006 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied the removal of 61 emerging micropollutants, including illicit drugs, in a biofilter wastewater treatment plant located in the French Indies (Martinique). Raw wastewater concentrations were the highest for paracetamol followed by caffeine, naproxen, ibuprofen, its metabolite 2-hydroxyibuprofen, atenolol, ketoprofen, furosemide, methylparaben, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and 11-nor-delta-9-carboxytetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH). The calculated removals were better than those reported in the literature, while the cumulative removal efficacy (i.e., removal of the total mass load) was estimated to be 92 ± 4%. However, this good performance may be partly explained by the removal of paracetamol (also named acetaminophen) and caffeine, which represented 86.4% of the total mass load. Our results point to the adsorption of some molecules on sludge, thus raising the question about local soil pollution from sludge spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Alain Devault
- Département Sciences et Technologies, Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche, RN3 BP 53, 97660, Dembeni, Mayotte, France.
- Public Health and Environment Laboratory Group, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Laurence Amalric
- Division Laboratoires, BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orleans Cedex 2, France
| | - Sébastien Bristeau
- Division Laboratoires, BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45060, Orleans Cedex 2, France
| | - Justine Cruz
- CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC (LPTC Research Group), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Tapie
- CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC (LPTC Research Group), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Sara Karolak
- Public Health and Environment Laboratory Group, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC (LPTC Research Group), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Yves Lévi
- Public Health and Environment Laboratory Group, UMR 8079 Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Saclay, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92290, Chatenay-Malabry, France
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16
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Backe WJ. Suspect and non-target screening of reuse water by large-volume injection liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128961. [PMID: 33243572 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Eight samples were obtained to characterize the chemical loads in water recycled for reuse applications. The sources included stormwater, rooftop runoff, wastewater, mixed water, and drinking water as a comparison. The water was reused for irrigation, cleaning, toilet flushing, and cooling purposes. Large-volume injection (650 μL) high-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry were employed to separate and detect features by suspect and non-target screening. The instrumental method had the advantage that no sample extractions were required prior to analysis. Two chromatographic methods were developed to separate positive- and negative-ionizing compounds and retention time models were developed for both. Retention time models provide an additional measure of confidence for probable and tentative identifications. The two models had predictive R2-which indicates how well the models predicts new observations-of 0.87. After data-reduction, the number of features detected in the samples ranged from 304 to 1513. Feature metrics such as the average response-per-feature provided a simple method to characterize similarities and differences between samples. Additionally, a statistical comparison was performed by principal component analysis. Of the 97 suspect-screening compounds, 20 were positively identified. Benzotriazole/benzothiazole-derivatives and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances were the most frequently detectedcompounds during suspect screening. Other compounds detected included pharmaceuticals, drug metabolites, and sucralose. Features were prioritized for non-target analysis based on in-house library matches, magnitude of response, and frequency of occurrence. Fifty-five unique compounds were positively identified via non-target analysis. The identified compounds included 17 pharmaceuticals, 17 pesticides, 13 industrial compounds, four personal-use compounds, and four biological compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will J Backe
- Public Health Laboratory, Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States.
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17
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Chai T, Cui F, Di S, Wu S, Zhang Y, Wang X. New insights into cardiotoxicity induced by chiral fluoxetine at environmental-level: Enantioselective arrhythmia in developmental zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116182. [PMID: 33352483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine is frequently detected in aquatic environment, and chronic FLX exposure exhibits adverse effects on aquatic communities. Its chirality makes the adverse effects more complicated. This study aimed at the enantioselective cardiotoxicity in developmental zebrafish induced by racemic (rac-)/S-/R-fluoxetine. The accumulation profiles demonstrated that biotransformation of fluoxetine to norfluoxetine occurred during rac-fluoxetine exposure, with a higher enrichment of S-norfluoxetine than R-norfluoxetine. Heart malformations including pericardial edema, circulation abnormalities, and thrombosis were observed, and enantioselective changes also occurred. According to H&E staining and Masson's trichrome staining, the loose severity of cardiac structure and cardiac fibrosis in rac-norfluoxetine treated group was worse than that in fluoxetine treated groups. Results of toxicity-associated parameters in our homochiral enantiomers' exposure also indicated that the toxicity induced by S-fluoxetine was more severe than R-fluoxetine. Enantioselective arrhythmia in developmental zebrafish after chiral fluoxetine exposure could be caused by myocardial fibrosis, abnormal developmental processes, and the biotransformation of fluoxetine to norfluoxetine could make that worse. Our findings can be used to assess the environmental risk of the two enantiomers of fluoxetine that induce cardiotoxicity in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, PR China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pesticide, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, PR China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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18
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Nunes OC. The challenge of removing waste from wastewater: let technology use nature! Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:63-67. [PMID: 33222423 PMCID: PMC7888456 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary treatments capable of removing chemical and biological contaminants of emerging concern have been successfully developed and implemented at full scale, opening the possibility of using wastewater treatment plants as recycling units, capable of producing wastewater that can be reused in various activities, such as agriculture irrigation; However, tertiary treatments remove only part of the wastewater microbiota, leaving the opportunity for regrowth and/or reactivation of potentially hazardous microorganisms, facilitated by the poor competition among the surviving microorganisms; Under the motto 'added by technology, lead by nature', the treatment and storage of treated wastewater must find the balance to develop a protection shield against the impoverishment the microbial quality and the development of potentially hazardous bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga C. Nunes
- LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and EnergyFaculdade de EngenhariaUniversidade do PortoRua Dr. Roberto FriasPorto4200‐465Portugal
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19
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Zindler F, Stoll S, Baumann L, Knoll S, Huhn C, Braunbeck T. Do environmentally relevant concentrations of fluoxetine and citalopram impair stress-related behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos? CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127753. [PMID: 32745739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been shown to interfere with various physiological functions of aquatic organisms, yet the neuroactive potential of low concentrations of SSRIs in the aquatic environment is unclear. The current study investigated the effects of fluoxetine and citalopram on the visual motor response (VMR) of 107 h old zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Results document a reduction in stress-related swimming activity of zebrafish embryos at environmentally relevant concentration levels, with fluoxetine being more effective than citalopram. Further experiments were designed to elucidate (1) if the lower neuroactive potential of citalopram is due to differences in uptake kinetics, (2) if the metabolite of fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, contributes to the neuroactive potential of fluoxetine, (3) and how SSRIs and their metabolites interact in equimolar mixtures. At the stage of 120 h, zebrafish embryos accumulate citalopram at significantly lower rates (up to 127 times) than fluoxetine. Moreover, it was demonstrated that norfluoxetine reduces the embryonic VMR similarly to fluoxetine resulting in additive effects of these substances on stress-related behavior in zebrafish embryos. In contrast, the interaction of fluoxetine, norfluoxetine and citalopram varied with test concentrations of the equimolar mixtures. Findings provide evidence that environmentally relevant concentrations of fluoxetine reduce stress-related behavior of zebrafish embryos, while these effects may be enhanced by the interaction of multiple SSRIs and their metabolites in environmental exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Zindler
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany.
| | - Saskia Stoll
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Lisa Baumann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Sarah Knoll
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Carolin Huhn
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
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20
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de Farias NO, Oliveira R, Moretti PNS, E Pinto JM, Oliveira AC, Santos VL, Rocha PS, Andrade TS, Grisolia CK. Fluoxetine chronic exposure affects growth, behavior and tissue structure of zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 237:108836. [PMID: 32585365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine (FLX) is among the top 100 pharmaceutical prescribed annually worldwide and consequently is often detected in wastewater treatment plant effluent and surface waters, in concentrations up to 2.7 and 0.33 μg/L, respectively. Despite the presence of FLX in surface waters, little is known about its chronic effects in fish. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the chronic toxicity of FLX to Danio rerio adults. Rate of weight gain, behavior (feeding and swimming activity) and tissue organization (liver and intestine) were evaluated, after 30 days exposure. A lower rate of weight gain was observed at 100 μg/L FLX. The food intake time decreased, showing a decrease in fish appetite. The preference for the upper aquarium layer was observed at 10 and 100 μg/L of FLX, indicating an inhibition of the stress level (anxiolytic effect). Mild to moderate damage of hepatic tissue and a decrease epithelium height and increase in villus height of intestine were observed in fish exposed to concentrations as low as 0.01 μg/L. Based on obtained results, chronic exposure of fish to FLX could affect swimming and feeding behavior and alter morphological structure of liver and intestine tissues at environmental levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Oliveira de Farias
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13484-332 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IB - UNICAMP, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rhaul Oliveira
- Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13484-332 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Natália Silva Moretti
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Joana Mona E Pinto
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Viviani Lara Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Paula Suares Rocha
- Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13484-332 Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, 70910-900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
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21
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Zindler F, Tisler S, Loerracher AK, Zwiener C, Braunbeck T. Norfluoxetine Is the Only Metabolite of Fluoxetine in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Embryos That Accumulates at Environmentally Relevant Exposure Scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4200-4209. [PMID: 32167300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluoxetine has been recognized as one of the most toxic pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Since there is growing evidence that the toxic potential of fluoxetine in surface waters is markedly influenced by its own metabolism in aquatic species, this study investigated the biotransformation of fluoxetine in the zebrafish embryo - an aquatic model organism of intermediate complexity. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.1, 1.0, 10, 50, and 5000 μg/L of fluoxetine from 48 to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf), and the accumulation of fluoxetine and its metabolites was analyzed over time. Additionally, depuration of fluoxetine and its metabolites from 96 to 120 hpf was investigated, and autoinhibitory effects of fluoxetine on phase I biotransformation were analyzed. Exposure to 5000 μg/L fluoxetine resulted in elevated 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes and continuous accumulation of fluoxetine and 11 fluoxetine metabolites. Embryos exposed to 10 and 50 μg/L fluoxetine were able to reduce fluoxetine accumulation from 94 to 120 hpf. During depuration, accumulation of fluoxetine and most metabolites was clearly reduced, and biotransformation shifted in favor of norfluoxetine, the primary fluoxetine metabolite in humans. Findings demonstrated that norfluoxetine is the only metabolite of fluoxetine that accumulates in zebrafish embryos at environmentally relevant exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Zindler
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Selina Tisler
- Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Universität Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Loerracher
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Christian Zwiener
- Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Universität Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
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22
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Vilar WTS, Barbosa MF, Pinto L, de Araújo MCU, Pontes MJC. Determination of N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide and ethyl-butyl-acetylaminopropionate in insect repellent using near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate calibration. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Hedgespeth ML, Gibson N, McCord J, Strynar M, Shea D, Nichols EG. Suspect screening and prioritization of chemicals of concern (COCs) in a forest-water reuse system watershed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133378. [PMID: 31386959 PMCID: PMC8425958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Much research has assessed organic chemicals of concern (COCs) in municipal wastewater and receiving waters, but few studies have examined COCs in land treatment systems. Many prior studies have implemented targeted methods that quantify a relatively small fraction of COCs present in wastewater and receiving waters. This study used suspect screening to assess chemical features in ground- and surface waters from a watershed where secondary-treated wastewater is irrigated onto 900 ha of temperate forest, offering a more holistic view of chemicals that contribute to the exposome. Chemical features were prioritized by abundance and ToxPi scoring across seasonal sampling events to determine if the forest-water reuse system contributed to the chemical exposome of ground- and surface waters. The number of chemical features detected in wastewater was usually higher than on- and off-site ground- and surface waters; in wastewater, chemical features trended with precipitation in which greater numbers of features were detected in months with low precipitation. The number of chemical features detected in off- and on-site waters was similar. The lower overlap between chemical features found in wastewater and downstream surface waters, along with the similar numbers of features being detected in upstream and downstream surface waters, suggests that though wastewater may be a source of chemicals to ground and surface waters on-site, dissipation of wastewater-derived features (in number and peak area abundance) likely occurs with limited off-site surface water export by the forested land treatment system. Further, the numbers of features detected on site and the overlap between wastewater and surface waters did not increase during periods of low rainfall, counter to our initial expectations. The chemical features tentatively identified in this watershed appear common to features identified in other studies, warranting further examination on the potential for resulting impacts of these on humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Hedgespeth
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Nancy Gibson
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - James McCord
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Mark Strynar
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Damian Shea
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Guthrie Nichols
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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24
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Chang CC, DiGiovanni K, Mei Y. Sustainability. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1129-1149. [PMID: 31433901 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review on Sustainability covers selected 2018 publications on the focus of sustainability. It is divided into the following sections: (a) Water quantity; (b) Water quality; (c) Climate change and resilience; (d) Planning and ecosystem evaluation; (e) Life cycle assessment (LCA) applications; (f) Sustainable management; (g) Sustainability and asset management; (h) Sustainability in wastewater treatment; (i) Sustainable water and wastewater utilities; (j) Sustainable water resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chein-Chi Chang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China
- Department of Engineering and Technical Services, D C Water and Sewer Authority, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Ying Mei
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China
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25
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Maasz G, Mayer M, Zrinyi Z, Molnar E, Kuzma M, Fodor I, Pirger Z, Takács P. Spatiotemporal variations of pharmacologically active compounds in surface waters of a summer holiday destination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 677:545-555. [PMID: 31063896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The release of pharmacologically active compounds (PhACs) into aquatic ecosystems poses an environmental risk resulting in a chronic exposure of non-target organisms. A great variety of PhACs, of generally low concentrations, and the complicated sample preparation, makes circumstantial the accurate detection and quantification. Additionally, there is little information published about the spatiotemporal variation of the PhAC load in a larger catchment area utilised for touristic purposes. In addition to the natural biotic and abiotic changes, the seasonal variation of tourism also has a dramatic impact on water quality and the natural ecosystem in larger catchment areas. Therefore, our aim was to develop a reliable solid-phase extraction (SPE)-supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous multi-residue analysis of drugs to reveal the spatiotemporal changes in the PhAC contaminations in the waters of an important touristic region, the catchment area of the largest shallow lake in Central Europe, Lake Balaton (Hungary). The environmental application of the developed method revealed 69 out of the traced 134 chemical compounds, including 15 PhACs, which were detected from natural waters for the first time. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) loads have a major role in the PhAC contamination of the studied area; at the same time, the mass tourism-induced PhAC contamination was also detectable. Furthermore, the impact of tourism was indicated by elevated concentrations of recreational substances (e.g., caffeine and illicit drugs) in the touristic season affecting the water quality of this important summer holiday destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Maasz
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, 8237 Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Matyas Mayer
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zita Zrinyi
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Eva Molnar
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Monika Kuzma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Istvan Fodor
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Péter Takács
- Department of Hydrozoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA-Centre for Ecological Research, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
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26
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Mole RA, Brooks BW. Global scanning of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: occurrence, wastewater treatment and hazards in aquatic systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:1019-1031. [PMID: 31085468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
As the global population becomes more concentrated in urban areas, resource consumption, including access to pharmaceuticals, is increasing and chemical use is also increasingly concentrated. Unfortunately, implementation of waste management systems and wastewater treatment infrastructure is not yet meeting these global megatrends. Herein, pharmaceuticals are indicators of an urbanizing water cycle; antidepressants are among the most commonly studied classes of these contaminants of emerging concern. In the present study, we performed a unique global hazard assessment of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in water matrices across geographic regions and for common wastewater treatment technologies. SSRIs in the environment have primarily been reported from Europe (50%) followed by North America (38%) and Asia-Pacific (10%). Minimal to no monitoring data exists for many developing regions of the world, including Africa and South America. From probabilistic environmental exposure distributions, 5th and 95th percentiles for all SSRIs across all geographic regions were 2.31 and 3022.1 ng/L for influent, 5.3 and 841.6 ng/L for effluent, 0.8 and 127.7 ng/L for freshwater, and 0.5 and 22.3 ng/L for coastal and marine systems, respectively. To estimate the potential hazards of SSRIs in the aquatic environment, percent exceedances of therapeutic hazard values of specific SSRIs, without recommended safety factors, were identified within and among geographic regions. For influent sewage and wastewater effluents, sertraline exceedances were observed 49% and 29% of the time, respectively, demonstrating the need to better understand emerging water quality hazards of SSRIs in urban freshwater and coastal ecosystems. This unique global review and analysis identified regions where more monitoring is necessary, and compounds requiring toxicological attention, particularly with increasing aquatic reports of behavioral perturbations elicited by SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Mole
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Hedgespeth ML, Nichols EG. Expanding phytoremediation to the realms of known and unknown organic chemicals of concern. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1385-1396. [PMID: 31257906 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1633265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in analytical chemistry and data analyses via high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) are evolving scientific understanding of the potential totality of organic chemical exposure and pollutant risk. This review addresses the importance of HRMS approaches, namely suspect screening and nontarget chemical analyses, to the realm of phytoremediation. These analytical approaches are not without caveats and constraints, but they provide an opportunity to understand in greater totality how plant-based technologies contribute, mitigate, and reduce organic chemical exposure across scales of experimental and system-level studies. These analytical tools can enlighten the complexity and efficacy of plant-contaminant system design and expand our understanding of biogenic and anthropogenic chemicals at work in phytoremediation systems. Advances in data analytics from biological sciences, such as metabolomics, are crucial to HRMS analysis. This review provides an overview of targeted, suspect screening, and nontarget HRMS approaches, summarizes the expanding knowledge of regulated and unregulated organic chemicals in the environment, addresses requisite HRMS instrumentation, analysis cost, uncertainty, and data processing techniques, and offers potential bridges of HRMS analyses to phytoremediation research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Hedgespeth
- Department of Forest and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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28
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Peter KT, Herzog S, Tian Z, Wu C, McCray JE, Lynch K, Kolodziej EP. Evaluating emerging organic contaminant removal in an engineered hyporheic zone using high resolution mass spectrometry. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 150:140-152. [PMID: 30508711 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The hyporheic zone (HZ), located at the interface of surface and groundwater, is a natural bioreactor for attenuation of chemical contaminants. Engineered HZs can be incorporated into stream restoration projects to enhance hyporheic exchange, with flowpaths optimized to promote biological habitat, water quantity, and water quality improvements. Designing HZs for in-stream treatment of stormwater, a significant source of flow and contaminant loads to urban creeks, requires assessment of both the hydrology and biogeochemical capacity for water quality improvement. Here, we applied tracer tests and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to characterize an engineered hyporheic zone unit process, called a hyporheic design element (HDE), in the Thornton Creek Watershed in Seattle, WA. Dye, NaCl, and bromide were used to hydrologically link downwelling and upwelling zones and estimate the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of hyporheic flowpaths. We then compared water quality improvements across hydrologically-linked surface and hyporheic flowpaths (3-5 m length; ∼30 min to >3 h) during baseflow and stormflow conditions. We evaluated fate outcomes for 83 identified contaminants during stormflow, including those correlated with an urban runoff mortality syndrome in coho salmon. Non-target HRMS analysis was used to assess holistic water quality improvements and evaluate attenuation mechanisms. The data indicated substantial water quality improvement in hyporheic flowpaths relative to surface flow and improved contaminant removal with longer hyporheic HRT (for ∼1900 non-target compounds detected during stormflow, <17% were attenuated >50% via surface flow vs. 59% and 78% via short and long hyporheic residence times, respectively), and strong contributions of hydrophobic sorption towards observed contaminant attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T Peter
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Science, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA; Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA.
| | - Skuyler Herzog
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Science, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA; Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA
| | - Christopher Wu
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Science, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA; Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA
| | - John E McCray
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | | | - Edward P Kolodziej
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Science, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA; Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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29
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Picó Y, Alvarez-Ruiz R, Alfarhan AH, El-Sheikh MA, Alobaid SM, Barceló D. Uptake and accumulation of emerging contaminants in soil and plant treated with wastewater under real-world environmental conditions in the Al Hayer area (Saudi Arabia). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:562-572. [PMID: 30368185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In arid and semi-arid areas the use of treated wastewater for crop irrigation and other agricultural practices, such as the use of pesticides, increase the number of emerging contaminants (ECs) in crops. Hazards of these practices to human being are largely unknown since there are few studies yet covering a short range of compounds and most of them under non-realistic conditions. This study aims at assessing this problem that will become global soon in an area of Saudi Arabia heavily affected by the reuse of treated wastewater and pesticide in order to ascertain its scale. The novelty of the study relays in the large number of ECs covered and the variety of crops (cabbage, barley, green beans, eggplants, chili, tomato and zucchini) analysed. Extraction procedure developed provided an appropriate extraction yield (up to 50% of the compounds were recovered within a 70-120% range), with good repeatability (relative standard deviations below 20% in most cases) and sensitivity (LOQ < 25 ng g-1) for the model compounds. Determination by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight (LC-QqTOF-MS) is able to identify >2000 contaminants. Sixty-four ECs were identified in wastewater but of the sixty-four compounds, six pharmaceuticals (atenolol, caffeine, carbamazepine and its metabolites 10,11-epoxycarbamazepine, gemfibrozil, and naproxen) and seven pesticides (acetamiprid, atrazine deethyl, azoxystrobin, bupirimate, diazinon, malathion, pirimicarb and some of their metabolites) were detected in plants. Furhermore, one metabolite of the ibuprofen (not detected in water or soil), the ibuprofen hexoside was also found in plants. Up to our knowledge, this study demonstrate for the first time the accumulation of ECs in crops irrigated with treated wastewater under real non-controlled environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Picó
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Moncada-Naquera Road Km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Alvarez-Ruiz
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Moncada-Naquera Road Km 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Spain
| | - Ahmed H Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A El-Sheikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M Alobaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Carpenter CMG, Helbling DE. Widespread Micropollutant Monitoring in the Hudson River Estuary Reveals Spatiotemporal Micropollutant Clusters and Their Sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6187-6196. [PMID: 29742349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify sources of micropollutants in the Hudson River Estuary (HRE). We collected 127 grab samples at 17 sites along the HRE over 2 years and screened for up to 200 micropollutants. We quantified 168 of the micropollutants in at least one of the samples. Atrazine, gabapentin, metolachlor, and sucralose were measured in every sample. We used data-driven unsupervised methods to cluster the micropollutants on the basis of their spatiotemporal occurrence and normalized-concentration patterns. Three major clusters of micropollutants were identified: ubiquitous and mixed-use (core micropollutants), sourced from sewage treatment plant outfalls (STP micropollutants), and derived from diffuse upstream sources (diffuse micropollutants). Each of these clusters was further refined into subclusters that were linked to specific sources on the basis of relationships identified through geospatial analysis of watershed features. Evaluation of cumulative loadings of each subcluster revealed that the Mohawk River and Rondout Creek are major contributors of most core micropollutants and STP micropollutants and the upper HRE is a major contributor of diffuse micropollutants. These data provide the first comprehensive evaluation of micropollutants in the HRE and define distinct spatiotemporal micropollutant clusters that are linked to sources and conserved across surface water systems around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey M G Carpenter
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Damian E Helbling
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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