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Tang L, Zhang X, Zhang B, Chen T, Du Z, Song W, Chen W, Wang C. Electroacupuncture remodels gut microbiota and metabolites in mice with perioperative neurocognitive impairment. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112507. [PMID: 38971546 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota and metabolites are considered key factors in the pathogenesis of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), and the brain-gut axis may be a promising target for PND treatment. Electroacupuncture has been shown to improve a wide range of neurological disorders and to restore function to the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, we hypothesized whether electroacupuncture could remodel gut microbiota and neuroinflammation induced by anesthesia/surgery. First, we observed electroacupuncture at acupoints GV20, LI4 and PC6 significantly improved memory in behavioral tests. Next, we found electroacupuncture decreased the levels of inflammatory factors (NSE, S-100β, IL-6, etc.) in the hippocampus, indicating that nerve inflammation was blocked by electroacupuncture. Furthermore, via 16S rRNA sequence analysis and LC-MS analysis, the gut microbiota and its metabolites were appropriately restored after electroacupuncture treatment. Additionally, we further confirmed the restorative effect of electroacupuncture on PND by fecal transplantation. In conclusion, the role of electroacupuncture in improving cognitive function and protecting neurons may be related to the modulation of gut microbiota and their metabolite dysregulation, thereby inhibiting neuroinflammation in PND mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Gansu Provincial Prescription Mining and Innovative Translational Laboratory, Lanzhou 730030, China; Gansu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine New Product Creation Engineering Laboratory, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaojia Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Gansu Provincial Prescription Mining and Innovative Translational Laboratory, Lanzhou 730030, China; Gansu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine New Product Creation Engineering Laboratory, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Binsen Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Gansu Provincial Prescription Mining and Innovative Translational Laboratory, Lanzhou 730030, China; Gansu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine New Product Creation Engineering Laboratory, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Tianren Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhongying Du
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Gansu Provincial Prescription Mining and Innovative Translational Laboratory, Lanzhou 730030, China; Gansu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine New Product Creation Engineering Laboratory, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- The Fifth Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Chunai Wang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China; Clinical Medical Research Centre for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine in Anesthesia of Gansu Provincial, Lanzhou 730050, China.
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2
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Vigano M, Kubal S, Lu Y, Habib S, Samarani S, Cama G, Viau C, Farzin H, Koudieh N, Xia J, Ahmad A, Vigano A, Costiniuk CT. Impact of Cannabidiol and Exercise on Clinical Outcomes and Gut Microbiota for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Cancer Survivors: A Case Report. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:834. [PMID: 39065685 PMCID: PMC11279394 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) remains a clinical challenge for up to 80% of breast cancer survivors. In an open-label study, participants underwent three interventions: standard care (duloxetine) for 1 month (Phase 1), oral cannabidiol (CBD) for 2 months (Phase 2), and CBD plus multi-modal exercise (MME) for another 2 months (Phase 3). Clinical outcomes and gut microbiota composition were assessed at baseline and after each phase. We present the case of a 52-year-old female with a history of triple-negative breast cancer in remission for over five years presenting with CIPN. She showed decreased monocyte counts, c-reactive protein, and systemic inflammatory index after each phase. Duloxetine provided moderate benefits and intolerable side effects (hyperhidrosis). She experienced the best improvement and least side effects with the combined (CBD plus MME) phase. Noteworthy were clinically meaningful improvements in CIPN symptoms, quality of life (QoL), and perceived physical function, as well as improvements in pain, mobility, hand/finger dexterity, and upper and lower body strength. CBD and MME altered gut microbiota, showing enrichment of genera that produce short-chain fatty acids. CBD and MME may improve CIPN symptoms, QoL, and physical function through anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in cancer survivors suffering from long-standing CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- MariaLuisa Vigano
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sarah Kubal
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yao Lu
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Sarah Habib
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Suzanne Samarani
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Georgina Cama
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Charles Viau
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Houman Farzin
- Division of Palliative Care, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nebras Koudieh
- Division of Palliative Care, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Institute of Parasitology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Ali Ahmad
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Antonio Vigano
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Cecilia T. Costiniuk
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, Royal Victoria Hospital—Glen Site, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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3
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Gunther RS, Farrell MB, Banks KP. Got the Munchies for an Egg Sandwich? The Effects of Cannabis on Bowel Motility and Beyond. J Nucl Med Technol 2024; 52:8-14. [PMID: 38443102 PMCID: PMC10924153 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.123.266816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of medicinal cannabis has a long history dating back thousands of years. Recent discoveries have shed light on its mechanism of action with the identification of cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoids, which make up the body's endocannabinoid system. Cannabinoid receptors, particularly the cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors, play a crucial role in modulating the gut-brain axis and serve as potential therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal motility and inflammatory disorders. With increasing legalization of cannabis and a rising number of users, understanding the effects of cannabis on gut motility is essential for nuclear medicine providers. Although tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis, may decrease gut motility in experimental settings, it appears to paradoxically improve symptoms in gastroparesis. Treatment effects are difficult to measure given the large number of variables that could significantly alter outcomes, such as cannabinoid type, potency, and route of intake. Another consideration is the highly personalized gut microbiome, which directly interacts with the endocannabinoid system. Further research is required to delineate these multifaceted, complex cannabinoid interactions. The goal of this article is to explore the knowns and unknowns of the impact of cannabis on the alimentary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger S Gunther
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland;
- Department of Radiology, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Mary B Farrell
- Intersocietal Accreditation Commission, Ellicott City, Maryland
| | - Kevin P Banks
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Radiology, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas; and
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Browning BD, Kirkland AE, Green R, Engevik M, Alekseyenko AV, Leggio L, Tomko RL, Squeglia LM. The adolescent and young adult microbiome and its association with substance use: a scoping review. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agad055. [PMID: 37665023 PMCID: PMC10979412 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The microbiome is a critical factor in health throughout human development. The aims of this scoping review are to (i) elucidate the differences between the youth (post-natal day 21-65 for rodents, 2-7 years for non-human primates, and 10-25 years for humans) microbiome with other life stages and (ii) identify youth-specific microbial changes associated with substance use. METHODS Peer-reviewed studies published up to May 2023 were identified in PubMed and SCOPUS and included gut and oral microbiome studies from rodents, non-human primates, and humans (N = 1733). Twenty-six articles were determined eligible based on inclusion criteria (aim 1: n = 19, aim 2: n = 7). RESULTS The adolescent and young adult oral and gut microbiomes are distinct compared to other life stages, within both non-human and human models. While there is limited research in this area, the microbiome appears to be vulnerable to substance use exposure earlier in life, including substances commonly initiated and escalated during adolescence and young adulthood (i.e. alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco). CONCLUSIONS Studies across the lifespan indicate that adolescence and young adulthood are distinct periods of development, where the microbiome is sensitive to exposures, including substance use. There is a need for more studies focused on the adolescent and young adult microbiome and substance use, as well as focused on the oral microbiome during this developmental period. Understanding the gut and oral microbiome during adolescence and young adulthood may provide insight into the pathophysiology of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney D Browning
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Anna E Kirkland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Rejoyce Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Melinda Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston SC, 29425, United States
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biomedical Informatics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
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5
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Wan J, Fan H. Oral Microbiome and Alzheimer's Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2550. [PMID: 37894208 PMCID: PMC10609607 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain is a central pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease. It is believed that amyloid responses may be a result of the host immune response to pathogens in both the central nervous system and peripheral systems. Oral microbial dysbiosis is a chronic condition affecting more than 50% of older adults. Recent studies have linked oral microbial dysbiosis to a higher brain Aβ load and the development of Alzheimer's disease in humans. Moreover, the presence of an oral-derived and predominant microbiome has been identified in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, in this opinion article, we aim to provide a summary of studies on oral microbiomes that may contribute to the pathogenesis of the central nervous system in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Wan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- Charleston County School of the Arts High School, North Charleston, SC 29405, USA
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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Pedroza Matute S, Iyavoo S. Exploring the gut microbiota: lifestyle choices, disease associations, and personal genomics. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1225120. [PMID: 37867494 PMCID: PMC10585655 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1225120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a rich and dynamic ecosystem that actively interacts with the human body, playing a significant role in the state of health and disease of the host. Diet, exercise, mental health, and other factors have exhibited the ability to influence the gut bacterial composition, leading to changes that can prevent and improve, or favor and worsen, both intestinal and extra-intestinal conditions. Altered gut microbial states, or 'dysbiosis', associated with conditions and diseases are often characterized by shifts in bacterial abundance and diversity, including an impaired Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. By understanding the effect of lifestyle on the gut microbiota, personalized advice can be generated to suit each individual profile and foster the adoption of lifestyle changes that can both prevent and ameliorate dysbiosis. The delivery of effective and reliable advice, however, depends not only on the available research and current understanding of the topic, but also on the methods used to assess individuals and to discover the associations, which can introduce bias at multiple stages. The aim of this review is to summarize how human gut microbial variability is defined and what lifestyle choices and diseases have shown association with gut bacterial composition. Furthermore, popular methods to investigate the human gut microbiota are outlined, with a focus on the possible bias caused by the lack of use of standardized methods. Finally, an overview of the current state of personalized advice based on gut microbiota testing is presented, underlining its power and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasitaran Iyavoo
- Nkaarco Diagnostics Limited, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
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7
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Ray S, Sil S, Kannan M, Periyasamy P, Buch S. Role of the gut-brain axis in HIV and drug abuse-mediated neuroinflammation. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2023; 3:11092. [PMID: 38389809 PMCID: PMC10880759 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.11092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Drug abuse and related disorders are a global public health crisis affecting millions, but to date, limited treatment options are available. Abused drugs include but are not limited to opioids, cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine, and alcohol. Drug abuse and human immunodeficiency virus-1/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV-1/AIDS) are inextricably linked. Extensive research has been done to understand the effect of prolonged drug use on neuronal signaling networks and gut microbiota. Recently, there has been rising interest in exploring the interactions between the central nervous system and the gut microbiome. This review summarizes the existing research that points toward the potential role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of HIV-1-linked drug abuse and subsequent neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. Preclinical data about gut dysbiosis as a consequence of drug abuse in the context of HIV-1 has been discussed in detail, along with its implications in various neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding this interplay will help elucidate the etiology and progression of drug abuse-induced neurodegenerative disorders. This will consequently be beneficial in developing possible interventions and therapeutic options for these drug abuse-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Ray
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Susmita Sil
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Muthukumar Kannan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Palsamy Periyasamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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8
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Trimethylamine N-oxide aggravated cognitive impairment from APP/PS1 mice and protective roles of voluntary exercise. Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105459. [PMID: 36460238 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) would aggravate cognitive dysfunction from APP/PS1 mice and the potential protective effects of voluntary wheel running (VWR). TMAO impaired learning and memory abilities, and exercise reversed TMAO induced cognitive impairment. Serum TMAO, choline, betaine and TMA were significantly elevated from TMAO group, while exercise group had decreased TMAO, betaine and TMA level. TMAO group has significantly upregulated BACE1 from both hippocampus and cortex, also increased cathepsin B, p-Tau at Ser396&Ser404, GFAP, p-NF-κB p65 in cortex, while reduced BDNF, synaptophysin and PSD95 in hippocampus, also reduced occludin and ZO-1 from cortex, and reduced occludin from colon. In contrast, BACE1 from both hippocampus and cortex, also cathepsin B and p-Tauser396 from cortex were reduced, BDNF, snaptophysin, and PSD95 from hippocampus, ZO-1 from cortex, and occludin from colon were elevated post exercise compared to TMAO group. Exercise elevated α diversity index of cecal content, and TMAO and exercise affected gut microbiota profiles differentially. In conclusion, TMAO led to gut microbiota dysbiosis, impaired gut-brain integrity, elevated neuroinflammation, Aβ pathology and tau phosphorylation, disordered synaptic function; and exercise could reverse TMAO induced cognitive dysfunction via improving the above markers. The potential deleterious effects of TMAO on cognitive function need to be validated in humans, also dosages of exercise for exerting neuroprotective effects against TMAO induced cognitive impairment.
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9
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Fehér J, Élő Á, István L, Nagy ZZ, Radák Z, Scuderi G, Artico M, Kovács I. Microbiota mitochondria disorders as hubs for early age-related macular degeneration. GeroScience 2022; 44:2623-2653. [PMID: 35978068 PMCID: PMC9385247 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the central area (macula lutea) of the retina. Research on the pathogenic mechanism of AMD showed complex cellular contribution governed by such risk factors as aging, genetic predisposition, diet, and lifestyle. Recent studies suggested that microbiota is a transducer and a modifier of risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, and mitochondria may be one of the intracellular targets of microbial signaling molecules. This review explores studies supporting a new concept on the contribution of microbiota-mitochondria disorders to AMD. We discuss metabolic, vascular, immune, and neuronal mechanism in AMD as well as key alterations of photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch's membrane, choriocapillaris endothelial, immune, and neuronal cells. Special attention was paid to alterations of mitochondria contact sites (MCSs), an organelle network of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets (LDs), and peroxisomes being documented based on our own electron microscopic findings from surgically removed human eyes. Morphometry of Bruch's membrane lipids and proteoglycans has also been performed in early AMD and aged controls. Microbial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, polyphenols, and secondary bile acids) and microbial compounds (lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and bacterial DNA)-now called postbiotics-in addition to local effects on resident microbiota and mucous membrane, regulate systemic metabolic, vascular, immune, and neuronal mechanisms in normal conditions and in various common diseases. We also discuss their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects as well as experimental and clinical observations on regulating the main processes of photoreceptor renewal, mitophagy, and autophagy in early AMD. These findings support an emerging concept that microbiota-mitochondria disorders may be a crucial pathogenic mechanism of early AMD; and similarly, to other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, new treatment approaches should be targeted at these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Fehér
- PRIMAVERA Program, Nutripharma Hungaria Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Élő
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla István
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Zsolt Nagy
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radák
- grid.472475.70000 0000 9243 1481Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gianluca Scuderi
- grid.7841.aOphthalmology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- grid.417007.5Department of Sensory Organs, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Illés Kovács
- grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY USA
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10
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Lee JE, Walton D, O’Connor CP, Wammes M, Burton JP, Osuch EA. Drugs, Guts, Brains, but Not Rock and Roll: The Need to Consider the Role of Gut Microbiota in Contemporary Mental Health and Wellness of Emerging Adults. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126643. [PMID: 35743087 PMCID: PMC9223871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging adulthood (ages 18–25) is a critical period for neurobiological development and the maturation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Recent findings also suggest that a natural perturbation of the gut microbiota (GM), combined with other factors, may create a unique vulnerability during this period of life. The GM of emerging adults is thought to be simpler, less diverse, and more unstable than either younger or older people. We postulate that this plasticity in the GM suggests a role in the rising mental health issues seen in westernized societies today via the gut–brain–microbiota axis. Studies have paid particular attention to the diversity of the microbiota, the specific function and abundance of bacteria, and the production of metabolites. In this narrative review, we focus specifically on diet, physical activity/exercise, substance use, and sleep in the context of the emerging adult. We propose that this is a crucial period for establishing a stable and more resilient microbiome for optimal health into adulthood. Recommendations will be made about future research into possible behavioral adjustments that may be beneficial to endorse during this critical period to reduce the probability of a “dysbiotic” GM and the emergence and severity of mental health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Eun Lee
- London Health Science Centre—Victoria Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, B8-102, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada;
| | - David Walton
- Rm. EC1443 School of Physical Therapy, 1201 Western Rd., London, ON N6G 1H1, Canada;
| | - Colleen P. O’Connor
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, ON N6G 1H2, Canada;
| | - Michael Wammes
- London Health Sciences Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 860 Richmond Street, FEMAP, London, ON N6A 3H8, Canada;
| | - Jeremy P. Burton
- Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Elizabeth A. Osuch
- London Health Sciences Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Lawson Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 860 Richmond Street, FEMAP, London, ON N6A 3H8, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +519-646-6000 (ext. 65188)
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11
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Junker A, Wang J, Gouspillou G, Ehinger JK, Elmér E, Sjövall F, Fisher-Wellman KH, Neufer PD, Molina AJA, Ferrucci L, Picard M. Human studies of mitochondrial biology demonstrate an overall lack of binary sex differences: A multivariate meta-analysis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22146. [PMID: 35073429 PMCID: PMC9885138 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101628r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are maternally inherited organelles that play critical tissue-specific roles, including hormone synthesis and energy production, that influence human development, health, and aging. However, whether mitochondria from women and men exhibit consistent biological differences remains unclear, representing a major gap in knowledge. This meta-analysis systematically examined four domains and six subdomains of mitochondrial biology (total 39 measures), including mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, morphometry, and mitochondrial DNA copy number. Standardized effect sizes (Hedge's g) of sex differences were computed for each measure using data in 2258 participants (51.5% women) from 50 studies. Only two measures demonstrated aggregate binary sex differences: higher mitochondrial content in women's WAT and isolated leukocyte subpopulations (g = 0.20, χ2 p = .01), and higher ROS production in men's skeletal muscle (g = 0.49, χ2 p < .0001). Sex differences showed weak to no correlation with age or BMI. Studies with small sample sizes tended to overestimate effect sizes (r = -.17, p < .001), and sex differences varied by tissue examined. Our findings point to a wide variability of findings in the literature concerning possible binary sex differences in mitochondrial biology. Studies specifically designed to capture sex- and gender-related differences in mitochondrial biology are needed, including detailed considerations of physical activity and sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Junker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Johannes K. Ehinger
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Sjövall
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - P. Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony J. A. Molina
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,NewYork State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
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12
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Zhang X, Wu L, Wang J, Mao F, Sun J, Cao D, Cao F. The Independent and Joint Effects of Different Childhood Abuse Types on Subjective Prospective and Retrospective Memory Impairment During Pregnancy. Front Psychol 2021; 12:753008. [PMID: 34867646 PMCID: PMC8639514 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.753008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Childhood abuse is considered a risk factor in various health outcomes during pregnancy. However, no study has explored the relationship between childhood abuse and memory impairment during pregnancy. This study is the first to explore the relationship between childhood abuse and subjective memory impairment. Participants, Setting, and Methods: A total of 1,825 pregnant women were recruited from a comprehensive hospital in Shandong province, China, and completed a questionnaire survey. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between childhood abuse and subjective prospective and retrospective memory. Results: Pregnant women with high total childhood abuse scores had high prospective and retrospective memory impairment. Among pregnant women reporting only emotional abuse, only physical abuse, or only sexual abuse, women reporting only emotional abuse were found to have high prospective and retrospective memory impairment. Women with all three childhood abuse types also had high prospective and retrospective memory impairment. Conclusion: Women who experienced childhood abuse, especially childhood emotional abuse, had high subjective memory impairment during pregnancy. It is important to ask pregnant women about their experiences of childhood abuse, especially emotional abuse, during early prenatal care, as such abuse is likely to have negative effects on memory during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liuliu Wu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fangxiang Mao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiwei Sun
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Danfeng Cao
- Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Fenglin Cao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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13
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Fu X, Chen T, Cai J, Liu B, Zeng Y, Zhang X. The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis, a Potential Therapeutic Target for Substance-Related Disorders. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:738401. [PMID: 34690981 PMCID: PMC8526971 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance addiction is a complex worldwide public health problem. It endangers both personal life and social stability, causing great loss on economy. Substance-related disorder is considered to be a complicated chronic brain disorder. It resulted from interactions among pharmacological properties of addictive substances, individual susceptibility, and social–environmental factors. Unfortunately, there is still no ideal treatment for this disorder. Recent lines of evidence suggest that gut microbiome may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, including substance-related disorders. This review summarizes the research on the relationship between gut microbiome and substance-related disorders, including different types of substance, different individual susceptibility, and the occurrence and development of substance-induced mental disorders. We also discuss the potentiation of gut microbiome in the treatment of substance-related disorders, especially in the treatment of substance-induced mental disorders and manipulation on individuals’ responsiveness to addictive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ti Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingda Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaohui Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Bokan D, Dinić B, Čanković D, Čanković S, Nićiforović-Šurković O, Đurica B. Psychometric properties of the Serbian adaptation of the cannabis use intention questionnaire (CUIQ) among secondary medical school adolescents. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2021.1989508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Bokan
- Secondary Medical School “April 7th”, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Bojana Dinić
- Faculty of Phylosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dušan Čanković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sonja Čanković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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15
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Bi T, Feng R, Zhan L, Ren W, Lu X. ZiBuPiYin Recipe Prevented and Treated Cognitive Decline in ZDF Rats With Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Decline via Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Dialogue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651517. [PMID: 34485269 PMCID: PMC8416319 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is becoming one of the key determinants in human health and disease. Shifts in gut microbiota composition affect cognitive function and provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. Diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD) is one of the central nervous system complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ZiBuPiYin recipe (ZBPYR), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has long been used for the treatment of T2DM and prevention of DACD. However, the contribution of ZBPYR treatment to the interaction between the gut microbiota and metabolism for preventing and treating DACD remains to be clarified. Here, we investigate whether the gut microbiota plays a key role in ZBPYR-mediated prevention of DACD and treatment of T2DM via incorporating microbiomics and metabolomics, and investigate the links between the microbiota-gut-brain axis interaction and the efficacy of ZBPYR in ZDF rats. In the current study, we found that ZBPYR treatment produced lasting changes in gut microbiota community and metabolites and remotely affected hippocampus metabolic changes, thereby improving memory deficits and reversing β-amyloid deposition and insulin resistance in the brain of ZDF rats from T2DM to DACD. This may be related to a series of metabolic changes affected by gut microbiota, including alanine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid metabolism; branched-chain amino acid metabolism; short-chain fatty acid metabolism; and linoleic acid/unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. In summary, this study demonstrates that prevention and treatment of DACD by ZBPYR partly depends on the gut microbiota, and the regulatory effects of bacteria-derived metabolites and microbiota-gut-brain axis are important protective mechanisms of ZBPYR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiqi Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Libin Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiming Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian, China
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16
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Pharmacokinetic Investigation of Commercially Available Edible Marijuana Products in Humans: Potential Influence of Body Composition and Influence on Glucose Control. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080817. [PMID: 34451914 PMCID: PMC8398280 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to describe and compare the pharmacokinetics of five commercial edible marijuana products, determine the influence of body composition on pharmacokinetics, and, in light of epidemiology suggesting marijuana may offer diabetes protection, explore the influence of edible marijuana on glucose tolerance. Seven regular users of marijuana self-administered five edible products in a randomized crossover design; each product contained 10 mg of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Thirty minutes following marijuana ingestion, participants imbibed a 75 g glucose beverage. Time-to-peak plasma THC concentration ranged between 35 and 90 min; maximal plasma THC concentration (Cmax) ranged between 3.2 and 5.5 ng/mL. Differences between products in plasma THC concentration during the first 20–30 min were detected (p = 0.019). Relations were identified between body composition and pharmacokinetic parameters for some products; however, none of these body composition characteristics were consistently related to pharmacokinetics across all five of the products. Edible marijuana had no effect on oral glucose tolerance compared with a marijuana-free control (Matsuda Index; p > 0.395). Commercially available edible marijuana products evoke different plasma THC concentrations shortly after ingestion, but do not appear to influence acute glucose regulation. These data may allow recreational marijuana users to make informed decisions pertaining to rates of edible marijuana ingestion and avoid overdose.
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17
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Kelly JR, Minuto C, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Dinan TG. The role of the gut microbiome in the development of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2021; 234:4-23. [PMID: 32336581 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder involving the convergence of a complex and dynamic bidirectional interaction of genetic expression and the accumulation of prenatal and postnatal environmental risk factors. The development of the neural circuitry underlying social, cognitive and emotional domains requires precise regulation from molecular signalling pathways, especially during critical periods or "windows", when the brain is particularly sensitive to the influence of environmental input signalling. Many of the brain regions involved, and the molecular substrates sub-serving these domains are responsive to life-long microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis signalling. This intricate microbial signalling system communicates with the brain via the vagus nerve, immune system, enteric nervous system, enteroendocrine signalling and production of microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. Preclinical data has demonstrated that MGB axis signalling influences neurotransmission, neurogenesis, myelination, dendrite formation and blood brain barrier development, and modulates cognitive function and behaviour patterns, such as, social interaction, stress management and locomotor activity. Furthermore, preliminary clinical studies suggest altered gut microbiota profiles in schizophrenia. Unravelling MGB axis signalling in the context of an evolving dimensional framework in schizophrenia may provide a more complete understanding of the neurobiological architecture of this complex condition and offers the possibility of translational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chiara Minuto
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland.
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18
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Pocuca N, Walter TJ, Minassian A, Young JW, Geyer MA, Perry W. The Effects of Cannabis Use on Cognitive Function in Healthy Aging: A Systematic Scoping Review. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:673-685. [PMID: 33159510 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults (≥50 years) represent the fastest-growing population of people who use cannabis, potentially due to the increasing promotion of cannabis as medicine by dispensaries and cannabis websites. Given healthy aging and cannabis use are both associated with cognitive decline, it is important to establish the effects of cannabis on cognition in healthy aging. OBJECTIVE This systematic scoping review used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines to critically examine the extent of literature on this topic and highlight areas for future research. METHOD A search of six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, and CINAHL) for articles published by September 2019, yielded 1,014 unique results. RESULTS Six articles reported findings for older populations (three human and three rodent studies), highlighting the paucity of research in this area. Human studies revealed largely null results, likely due to several methodological limitations. Better-controlled rodent studies indicate that the relationship between ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cognitive function in healthy aging depends on age and level of THC exposure. Extremely low doses of THC improved cognition in very old rodents. Somewhat higher chronic doses improved cognition in moderately aged rodents. No studies examined the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) or high-CBD cannabis on cognition. CONCLUSIONS This systematic scoping review provides crucial, timely direction for future research on this emerging issue. Future research that combines neuroimaging and cognitive assessment would serve to advance understanding of the effects of age and quantity of THC and CBD on cognition in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pocuca
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - T Jordan Walter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Arpi Minassian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Center for Stress and Mental Health, Veteran's Administration San Diego Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jared W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - William Perry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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19
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Goswami A, Wendt FR, Pathak GA, Tylee DS, De Angelis F, De Lillo A, Polimanti R. Role of microbes in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 62:100917. [PMID: 33957173 PMCID: PMC8364482 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbes inhabit different anatomical sites of the human body including oral cavity, gut, and skin. A growing literature highlights how microbiome variation is associated with human health and disease. There is strong evidence of bidirectional communication between gut and brain mediated by neurotransmitters and microbial metabolites. Here, we review the potential involvement of microbes residing in the gut and in other body sites in the pathogenesis of eight neuropsychiatric disorders, discussing findings from animal and human studies. The data reported provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the microbiome research in neuropsychiatry, including hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying the associations reported and the translational potential of probiotics and prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranyak Goswami
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Frank R Wendt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Gita A Pathak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Daniel S Tylee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Flavio De Angelis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Antonella De Lillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
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20
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Spichak S, Bastiaanssen TFS, Berding K, Vlckova K, Clarke G, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Mining microbes for mental health: Determining the role of microbial metabolic pathways in human brain health and disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:698-761. [PMID: 33675857 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing knowledge regarding the role of the microbiome in modulating the brain and behaviour. Indeed, the actions of microbial metabolites are key for appropriate gut-brain communication in humans. Among these metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan, and bile acid metabolites/pathways show strong preclinical evidence for involvement in various aspects of brain function and behaviour. With the identification of neuroactive gut-brain modules, new predictive tools can be applied to existing datasets. We identified 278 studies relating to the human microbiota-gut-brain axis which included sequencing data. This spanned across psychiatric and neurological disorders with a small number also focused on normal behavioural development. With a consistent bioinformatics pipeline, thirty-five of these datasets were reanalysed from publicly available raw sequencing files and the remainder summarised and collated. Among the reanalysed studies, we uncovered evidence of disease-related alterations in microbial metabolic pathways in Alzheimer's Disease, schizophrenia, anxiety and depression. Amongst studies that could not be reanalysed, many sequencing and technical limitations hindered the discovery of specific biomarkers of microbes or metabolites conserved across studies. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings. We also propose guidelines for future human microbiome analysis to increase reproducibility and consistency within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Spichak
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kirsten Berding
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Klara Vlckova
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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21
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García-Cabrerizo R, Carbia C, O Riordan KJ, Schellekens H, Cryan JF. Microbiota-gut-brain axis as a regulator of reward processes. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1495-1524. [PMID: 33368280 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our gut harbours trillions of microorganisms essential for the maintenance of homeostasis and host physiology in health and disease. In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in understanding the bidirectional pathway of communication between our microbiota and the central nervous system. With regard to reward processes there is accumulating evidence from both animal and human studies that this axis may be a key factor in gating reward valence. Focusing on the mesocorticolimbic pathway, we will discuss how the intestinal microbiota is involved in regulating brain reward functions, both in natural (i.e. eating, social or sexual behaviours) and non-natural reinforcers (drug addiction behaviours including those relevant to alcohol, psychostimulants, opioids and cannabinoids). We will integrate preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting that the microbiota-gut-brain axis could be implicated in the development of disorders associated with alterations in the reward system and how it may be targeted as a promising therapeutic strategy. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15065.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Carbia
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Harriet Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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22
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Chen Z, Shi K, Liu X, Dai Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Du X, Zhu T, Yu J, Fang S, Li F. Gut Microbial Profile Is Associated With the Severity of Social Impairment and IQ Performance in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:789864. [PMID: 34975585 PMCID: PMC8718873 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.789864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a heterogeneous set of neurodevelopmental disorders with diverse symptom severity and comorbidities. Although alterations in gut microbiota have been reported in individuals with ASD, it remains unclear whether certain microbial pattern is linked to specific symptom or comorbidity in ASD. We aimed to investigate the associations between gut microbiota and the severity of social impairment and cognitive functioning in children with ASD. Methods: A total of 261 age-matched children, including 138 children diagnosed with ASD, 63 with developmental delay or intellectual disability (DD/ID), and 60 typically developing (TD) children, were enrolled from the Shanghai Xinhua Registry. The children with ASD were further classified into two subgroups: 76 children diagnosed with ASD and developmental disorder (ASD+DD) and 62 with ASD only (ASD-only). The gut microbiome of all children was profiled and evaluated by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Results: The gut microbial analyses demonstrated an altered microbial community structure in children with ASD. The alpha diversity indices of the ASD+DD and ASD-only subgroups were significantly lower than the DD/ID or TD groups. At the genus level, we observed a decrease in the relative abundance of Prevotella. Simultaneously, Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium were significantly increased in ASD compared with DD/ID and TD participants. There was a clear correlation between alpha diversity and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) total score for all participants, and this correlation was independent of IQ performance. Similar correlations with the CARS total score were observed for genera Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Oscillospira. However, there was no single genus significantly associated with IQ in all participants. Conclusions: Specific alterations in bacterial taxonomic composition and associations with the severity of social impairment and IQ performance were observed in children with ASD or ASD subgroups, when compared with DD/ID or TD groups. These results illustrate that gut microbiota may serve as a promising biomarker for ASD symptoms. Nevertheless, further investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Chen
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Du
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tailin Zhu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juehua Yu
- Centre for Experimental Studies and Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuanfeng Fang
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Assa-Glazer T, Gorelick J, Sela N, Nyska A, Bernstein N, Madar Z. Cannabis Extracts Affected Metabolic Syndrome Parameters in Mice Fed High-Fat/Cholesterol Diet. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2020; 5:202-214. [PMID: 32923658 DOI: 10.1089/can.2020.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with metabolic syndrome, which often includes obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Several studies in mice and humans have implicated the involvement of the gut microbiome in NAFLD. While cannabis may potentially be beneficial for treating metabolic disorders such as NAFLD, the effects of cannabis on liver diseases and gut microbiota profile are yet to be addressed. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of cannabis strains with different cannabinoid profiles on NAFLD progression. Materials and Methods: NAFLD was induced by feeding mice a high-fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD) for 6 weeks. During this period, cannabis extracts were administrated orally at a concentration of 5 mg/kg every 3 days. Profile of lipids, liver enzymes, glucose tolerance, and gene expression related to carbohydrate lipid metabolism and liver inflammation were analyzed. The effect of cannabis strains on microbiota composition in the gut was evaluated. Results: A cannabidiol (CBD)-rich extract produced an increase in inflammatory related gene expression and a less diverse microbiota profile, associated with increased fasting glucose levels in HFCD-fed mice. In contrast, mice receiving a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-rich extract exhibited moderate weight gain, improved glucose response curves, and a decrease in liver enzymes. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the administration of cannabis containing elevated levels of THC may help ameliorate symptoms of NAFLD, whereas administration of CBD-rich cannabis extracts may cause a proinflammatory effect in the liver, linked with an unfavorable change in the microbiota profile. Our preliminary data suggest that these effects are mediated by mechanisms other than increased expression of the endocannabinoid receptors cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and CB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Assa-Glazer
- The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Noa Sela
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Timrat, Israel
| | - Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Zecharia Madar
- The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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24
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Bidwell LC, Ellingson JM, Karoly HC, YorkWilliams SL, Hitchcock LN, Tracy BL, Klawitter J, Sempio C, Bryan AD, Hutchison KE. Association of Naturalistic Administration of Cannabis Flower and Concentrates With Intoxication and Impairment. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:787-796. [PMID: 32520316 PMCID: PMC7287943 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The rapidly growing legal cannabis market includes new and highly potent products, the effects of which, to our knowledge, have not previously been examined in biobehavioral research studies because of federal restrictions on cannabis research. OBJECTIVE To use federally compatible, observational methods to study high-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) legal market forms of cannabis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cohort study with a between-groups design that was conducted in a community and university setting, cannabis flower users and concentrate users were randomly assigned to higher- vs lower-THC products within user groups. Participants completed a baseline and an experimental mobile laboratory assessment that included 3 points: before, immediately after, and 1 hour after ad libitum legal market flower and concentrate use. Of the 133 individuals enrolled and assessed, 55 regular flower cannabis users (41.4%) and 66 regular concentrate cannabis users (49.6%) complied with the study's cannabis use instructions and had complete data across primary outcomes. EXPOSURES Flower users were randomly assigned to use either 16% or 24% THC flower and concentrate users were randomly assigned to use either 70% or 90% THC concentrate that they purchased from a dispensary. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcome measures included plasma cannabinoids, subjective drug intoxication, and neurobehavioral tasks testing attention, memory, inhibitory control, and balance. RESULTS A total of 121 participants completed the study for analysis: 55 flower users (mean [SD] age, 28.8 [8.1] years; 25 women [46%]) and 66 concentrate users (mean [SD] age, 28.3 [10.4] years; 30 women [45%]). Concentrate users compared with flower users exhibited higher plasma THC levels and 11-hydroxyΔ9-THC (THC's active metabolite) across all points. After ad libitum cannabis administration, mean plasma THC levels were 0.32 (SE = 0.43) μg/mL in concentrate users (to convert to millimoles per liter, multiply by 3.18) and 0.14 (SE = 0.16) μg/mL in flower users. Most neurobehavioral measures were not altered by short-term cannabis consumption. However, delayed verbal memory (F1,203 = 32.31; P < .001) and balance function (F1,203 = 18.88; P < .001) were impaired after use. Differing outcomes for the type of product (flower vs concentrate) or potency within products were not observed. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study provides information about the association of pharmacological and neurobehavioral outcomes with legal market cannabis. Short-term use of concentrates was associated with higher levels of THC exposure. Across forms of cannabis and potencies, users' domains of verbal memory and proprioception-focused postural stability were primarily associated with THC administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Cinnamon Bidwell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder,Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Aurora
| | - Jarrod M. Ellingson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder,Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Aurora
| | - Hollis C. Karoly
- Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder
| | | | | | - Brian L. Tracy
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
| | - Jost Klawitter
- Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Aurora,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora
| | - Cristina Sempio
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Aurora
| | - Angela D. Bryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder
| | - Kent E. Hutchison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder,Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder
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25
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Panee J, Pomozi V, Franke AA, Le Saux O, Gerschenson M. Chronic marijuana use moderates the correlations of serum cholesterol with systemic mitochondrial function and fluid cognition. Mitochondrion 2020; 52:135-143. [PMID: 32169611 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Activating type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor decreases the particle size of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and inhibits reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). This study examined whether marijuana (MJ) use is associated with changes of RCT, and how the latter is associated with mitochondrial function and fluid cognition. We recruited 19 chronic MJ users and 20 nonusers with matched age, BMI, sex, ethnicity, and education. We measured their fluid cognition, mitochondrial function (basal and max respiration, ATP production) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cholesterol content in serum lipoprotein fractions, enterolactone/creatinine ratio in urine as a marker for dietary polyphenol intake, and lipase activity in serum. We found that higher percentage of large HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) correlated positively, while that of small HDL-C correlated inversely, with mitochondrial function among MJ users, but correlations of the opposite directions were found among nonusers. The concentrations of large and intermediate HDL-C correlated positively with mitochondrial function and fluid cognition among MJ users, but not among nonusers. Both percentage and concentration of large HDL-C correlated positively, while those of small HDL-C correlated inversely, with amounts of daily and lifetime MJ use. In all participants, higher urinary enterolactone/creatinine ratio and lower serum lipase activity were associated with higher large HDL-C/small HDL-C ratio, implying greater RCT. This study suggests that high MJ use may compromise RCT, which is strongly associated with mitochondrial function and fluid cognition among MJ users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Panee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Viola Pomozi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Adrian A Franke
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Olivier Le Saux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Mariana Gerschenson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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26
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Rodríguez-Rabassa M, López P, Sánchez R, Hernández C, Rodríguez C, Rodríguez-Santiago RE, Orengo JC, Green V, Yamamura Y, Rivera-Amill V. Inflammatory Biomarkers, Microbiome, Depression, and Executive Dysfunction in Alcohol Users. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030689. [PMID: 31973090 PMCID: PMC7037324 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-related disorders (ARD) are highly prevalent among Latin American-Caribbean countries. Mental disorders are common comorbidities in individuals with ARD. However, the etiology of the association between ARD and mental disorders remains unclear. We examined the association of inflammatory cytokines, microbiome, and other biomakers with measures of depression, social anxiety, and executive functions. We observed a significant increase in cytokine and chemokine expression levels in saliva and plasma in the alcohol group (AG) samples. Also, the salivary bacterial composition in the AG revealed an abundance of Prevotella. Depression symptomatology was markedly higher in the AG, but social anxiety levels were negligible. AG also exhibited executive dysfunctions, which negatively correlated with increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased salivary concentrations of Prevotella bacteria. Our study suggests that chronic alcohol use correlates with executive dysfunction, immune system dysregulation, and dysbiosis of the salivary microbiota. Additional studies are needed to understand the role of the microbiome and inflammation in alcohol use and mental comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Rodríguez-Rabassa
- Center for Research Resources, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA; (M.R.-R.); (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.E.R.-S.); (Y.Y.)
- Clinical Psychology Program, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA; (C.H.); (C.R.)
| | - Pablo López
- Center for Research Resources, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA; (M.R.-R.); (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.E.R.-S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Raphael Sánchez
- Center for Research Resources, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA; (M.R.-R.); (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.E.R.-S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Cyanela Hernández
- Clinical Psychology Program, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA; (C.H.); (C.R.)
| | - Cesarly Rodríguez
- Clinical Psychology Program, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA; (C.H.); (C.R.)
| | - Ronald E. Rodríguez-Santiago
- Center for Research Resources, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA; (M.R.-R.); (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.E.R.-S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Juan C. Orengo
- Public Health Program, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA; (J.C.O.); (V.G.)
| | - Vivian Green
- Public Health Program, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA; (J.C.O.); (V.G.)
| | - Yasuhiro Yamamura
- Center for Research Resources, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA; (M.R.-R.); (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.E.R.-S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Vanessa Rivera-Amill
- Center for Research Resources, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA; (M.R.-R.); (P.L.); (R.S.); (R.E.R.-S.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(787)-841-5150; Fax: +1-(787)-841-5159
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27
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Abstract
The human microbiome has been identified as having a key role in health and numerous diseases. Trillions of microbial cells and viral particles comprise the microbiome, each representing modifiable working elements of an intricate bioactive ecosystem. The significance of the human microbiome as it relates to human biology has progressed through culture-dependent (for example, media-based methods) and, more recently, molecular (for example, genetic sequencing and metabolomic analysis) techniques. The latter have become increasingly popular and evolved from being used for taxonomic identification of microbiota to elucidation of functional capacity (sequencing) and metabolic activity (metabolomics). This review summarises key elements of the human microbiome and its metabolic capabilities within the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiley Barton
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, P61C996, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, T12YT20, Ireland.,VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, P61C996, Ireland
| | - Orla O'Sullivan
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, P61C996, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, T12YT20, Ireland.,VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, P61C996, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, P61C996, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, T12YT20, Ireland.,VistaMilk SFI Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, P61C996, Ireland
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28
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Di Marzo V, Silvestri C. Lifestyle and Metabolic Syndrome: Contribution of the Endocannabinoidome. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081956. [PMID: 31434293 PMCID: PMC6722643 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle is a well-known environmental factor that plays a major role in facilitating the development of metabolic syndrome or eventually exacerbating its consequences. Various lifestyle factors, especially changes in dietary habits, extreme temperatures, unusual light-dark cycles, substance abuse, and other stressful factors, are also established modifiers of the endocannabinoid system and its extended version, the endocannabinoidome. The endocannabinoidome is a complex lipid signaling system composed of a plethora (>100) of fatty acid-derived mediators and their receptors and anabolic and catabolic enzymes (>50 proteins) which are deeply involved in the control of energy metabolism and its pathological deviations. A strong link between the endocannabinoidome and another major player in metabolism and dysmetabolism, the gut microbiome, is also emerging. Here, we review several examples of how lifestyle modifications (westernized diets, lack or presence of certain nutritional factors, physical exercise, and the use of cannabis) can modulate the propensity to develop metabolic syndrome by modifying the crosstalk between the endocannabinoidome and the gut microbiome and, hence, how lifestyle interventions can provide new therapies against cardiometabolic risk by ensuring correct functioning of both these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Di Marzo
- École de nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Department de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
- Department de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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29
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Jiang XL, Gu XY, Zhou XX, Chen XM, Zhang X, Yang YT, Qin Y, Shen L, Yu WF, Su DS. Intestinal dysbacteriosis mediates the reference memory deficit induced by anaesthesia/surgery in aged mice. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:605-615. [PMID: 31063849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and has become a major concern for patients and caregivers. POCD is most common in older patients. Previous studies demonstrated that the gut microbiome affects cognitive function and behaviour, and perioperative factors, including the operation itself, antibiotics, opioids or acid-inducing drugs, affect the gut microbiome. Thus, we hypothesised that intestinal dysbacteriosis caused by anaesthesia/surgery induces POCD. METHODS Tibial fracture internal fixation was performed in 18-month-old C57BL/6 mice under isoflurane anaesthesia to establish the POCD model. The Morris water maze was used to measure reference memory after anaesthesia/surgery. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA from faecal samples was used to investigate changes in the abundance of intestinal bacteria after anaesthesia/surgery. To confirm the role of the gut microbiome in POCD, we pretreated mice with compound antibiotics or mixed probiotics (VSL#3). Anaesthesia/surgery impaired reference memory and induced intestinal dysbacteriosis in aged mice. RESULTS The 16S rRNA sequencing data revealed 37 genera (18 families) of bacteria that changed in abundance after anaesthesia/surgery. Pretreating mice with compound antibiotics or mixed probiotics (VSL#3) prevented the learning and memory deficits induced by anaesthesia/surgery. We further conducted quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of 22 common types of bacteria among the 37 total types to verify the results of bacterial flora changes after anaesthesia/surgery. Numbers of 8 types of bacteria changed after anaesthesia/surgery but returned to normal after treatment with a mix of probiotics. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that deficits in reference memory induced by anaesthesia/surgery are mediated by intestinal dysbacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - X Y Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - X X Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - X M Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Y T Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Hospital in Quanzhou City of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Y Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - L Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - W F Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - D S Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China.
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30
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Cussotto S, Clarke G, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Psychotropics and the Microbiome: a Chamber of Secrets…. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1411-1432. [PMID: 30806744 PMCID: PMC6598948 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-5185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut contains trillions of symbiotic bacteria that play a key role in programming different aspects of host physiology in health and disease. Psychotropic medications act on the central nervous system (CNS) and are used in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. There is increasing emphasis on the bidirectional interaction between drugs and the gut microbiome. An expanding body of evidence supports the notion that microbes can metabolise drugs and vice versa drugs can modify the gut microbiota composition. In this review, we will first give a comprehensive introduction about this bidirectional interaction, then we will take into consideration different classes of psychotropics including antipsychotics, antidepressants, antianxiety drugs, anticonvulsants/mood stabilisers, opioid analgesics, drugs of abuse, alcohol, nicotine and xanthines. The varying effects of these widely used medications on microorganisms are becoming apparent from in vivo and in vitro studies. This has important implications for the future of psychopharmacology pipelines that will routinely need to consider the host microbiome during drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Cussotto
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Room 3.86, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Room 3.86, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland.
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31
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Hodges EL, Ashpole NM. Aging circadian rhythms and cannabinoids. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 79:110-118. [PMID: 31035036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous aspects of mammalian physiology exhibit cyclic daily patterns known as circadian rhythms. However, studies in aged humans and animals indicate that these physiological rhythms are not consistent throughout the life span. The simultaneous development of disrupted circadian rhythms and age-related impairments suggests a shared mechanism, which may be amenable to therapeutic intervention. Recently, the endocannabinoid system has emerged as a complex signaling network, which regulates numerous aspects of circadian physiology relevant to the neurobiology of aging. Agonists of cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) have consistently been shown to decrease neuronal activity, core body temperature, locomotion, and cognitive function. Paradoxically, several lines of evidence now suggest that very low doses of cannabinoids are beneficial in advanced age. One potential explanation for this phenomenon is that these drugs exhibit hormesis-a biphasic dose-response wherein low doses produce the opposite effects of higher doses. Therefore, it is important to determine the dose-, age-, and time-dependent effects of these substances on the regulation of circadian rhythms and other processes dysregulated in aging. This review highlights 3 fields-biological aging, circadian rhythms, and endocannabinoid signaling-to critically assess the therapeutic potential of endocannabinoid modulation in aged individuals. If the hormetic properties of exogenous cannabinoids are confirmed, we conclude that precise administration of these compounds may bidirectionally entrain central and peripheral circadian clocks and benefit multiple aspects of aging physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik L Hodges
- Pharmacology Division, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Nicole M Ashpole
- Pharmacology Division, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, Oxford, MS, USA.
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