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Bertoldi C, Salvatori R, Pinti M, Mattioli AV. Could the periodontal therapy improve the cardiologic patient health? A narrative review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102699. [PMID: 38852913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is the major cause of mortality globally, with increasing evidence suggesting a link between periodontitis, and CVD. This study aims to explore the association between periodontitis and CVD, and the impact of periodontal therapy on cardiovascular health. METHODS This review synthesized findings from preclinical and clinical studies, without publication year restrictions, examining periodontitis and CVD through various lenses. Scientific databases were inspected with keywords related to periodontitis and CVD. RESULTS The review identifies a substantial association between periodontitis and an increased risk of several CVD, supported by both epidemiological and interventional studies. Results suggest the complexity of the relationship, influenced by factors like the severity of periodontitis and the presence of other systemic conditions. Clinical data indicates that periodontal therapy, particularly non-surgical periodontal therapy, may reduce systemic inflammatory markers and thus may play a role in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD events, highlighting the potential of periodontal therapy to not only maintain oral health but also to modulate cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence supports a significant association between periodontitis and increased cardiovascular risk, promoting integrated healthcare approaches that consider oral health as a key-component of cardiovascular care and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bertoldi
- Department, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena MO, Italy
| | - Roberta Salvatori
- Department of Childhood and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena MO, Italy.
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena MO, Italy
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Ren Y, Liang J, Hu W, Xie J, Zheng Y, Song W, Zhu J, Zhou H, Wu Q, He Y, Yin J. Association between oral microbial nitrate metabolism and poor prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients with a history of hypertension. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2382620. [PMID: 39055280 PMCID: PMC11271073 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2382620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oral microbes mediate the production of nitric oxide (NO) through the denitrification pathway. This study aimed to investigate the association between oral microbial nitrate metabolism and prognosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Methods This prospective, observational, single-center cohort study included 124 AIS patients admitted within 24 hours of symptom onset, with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure data. Oral swabs were collected within 24 hours. Hypertensive AIS patients were stratified by the coefficient of variation (CV) of 24-hour systolic blood pressure. Microbial composition was analyzed using LEfSe and PICRUSt2 for bacterial and functional pathway identification. Results Significant differences in oral microbiota composition were observed between hypertensive AIS patients with varying CVs. Lower CV groups showed enrichment of nitrate-reducing bacteria and "Denitrification, nitrate => nitrogen" pathways. The TAX score of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria, derived from LASSO modeling, independently correlated with 90-day modified Rankin Scale scores, serving as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. Mediation analyses suggested indirect that the TAX score not only directly influences outcomes but also indirectly affects them by modulating 24-hour systolic blood pressure CV. Conclusions AIS patients with comorbid hypertension and higher systolic blood pressure CV exhibited reduced oral nitrate-reducing bacteria, potentially worsening outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueran Ren
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingru Liang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weike Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahui Xie
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan He
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Laumen JGE, Van Dijck C, Manoharan-Basil SS, de Block T, Abdellati S, Xavier BB, Malhotra-Kumar S, Kenyon C. The effect of daily usage of Listerine Cool Mint mouthwash on the oropharyngeal microbiome: a substudy of the PReGo trial. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38833520 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. ListerineÒ is a bactericidal mouthwash widely used to prevent oral health problems such as dental plaque and gingivitis. However, whether it promotes or undermines a healthy oral microbiome is unclear.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. We hypothesized that the daily use of Listerine Cool Mint would have a significant impact on the oropharyngeal microbiome.Aim. We aimed to assess if daily usage of Listerine Cool Mint influenced the composition of the pharyngeal microbiome.Methodology. The current microbiome substudy is part of the Preventing Resistance in Gonorrhoea trial. This was a double-blind single-centre, crossover, randomized controlled trial of antibacterial versus placebo mouthwash to reduce the incidence of gonorrhoea/chlamydia/syphilis in men who have sex with men (MSM) taking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Fifty-nine MSM taking HIV PrEP were enrolled. In this crossover trial, participants received 3 months of daily Listerine followed by 3 months of placebo mouthwash or vice versa. Oropharyngeal swabs were taken at baseline and after 3 months use of each mouthwash. DNA was extracted for shotgun metagenomic sequencing (Illumina Inc.). Non-host reads were taxonomically classified with MiniKraken and Bracken. The alpha and beta diversity indices were compared between baseline and after each mouthwash use. Differentially abundant bacterial taxa were identified using ANOVA-like differential expression analysis.Results. Streptococcus was the most abundant genus in most samples (n = 103, 61.7 %) with a median relative abundance of 31.5% (IQR 20.6-44.8), followed by Prevotella [13.5% (IQR 4.8-22.6)] and Veillonella [10.0% (IQR 4.0-16.8)]. Compared to baseline, the composition of the oral microbiome at the genus level (beta diversity) was significantly different after 3 months of Listerine (P = 0.006, pseudo-F = 2.29) or placebo (P = 0.003, pseudo-F = 2.49, permutational multivariate analysis of variance) use. Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus anginosus were significantly more abundant after Listerine use compared to baseline.Conclusion. Listerine use was associated with an increased abundance of common oral opportunistic bacteria previously reported to be enriched in periodontal diseases, oesophageal and colorectal cancer, and systemic diseases. These findings suggest that the regular use of Listerine mouthwash should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G E Laumen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, STI Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - C Van Dijck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, STI Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S S Manoharan-Basil
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, STI Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - T de Block
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Reference Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S Abdellati
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Reference Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - B B Xavier
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - C Kenyon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, STI Unit, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Park JS, Kim E, Kwon SJ, Heo JS, Ahn KH. Differences in maternal subgingival microbiome between preterm and term births: The MOHEPI study. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38808521 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
AIM Periodontitis is a potential risk factor for preterm birth (PTB) in women; however, the causal relationship or the exact mechanism remain unknown. This study aimed to compare the oral microbiome features of mothers with full-term birth (FTB) with those who had preterm delivery. METHODS This study prospectively enrolled 60 women (30 mothers with PTB and 30 mothers with FTB), and subgingival plaque samples were collected and analysed by metagenomic 16S rDNA sequencing. Clinical measurements, including periodontal probing depth, clinical attachment level, modified gingival index (mGI) and plaque index, were performed to determine the periodontal state of the participants. Medical and obstetric data were collected as well. RESULTS Among the periodontal measurements, mGI score, reflecting the level of gingival inflammation, exhibited a statistically significant association with PTB (adjusted odds ratio 2.705, 95% confidence interval 1.074-6.811, p = .035). When subgroup analysis was conducted based on mean mGI scores (mGI ≥ 2, high inflammation [HI] versus mGI < 2, low inflammation [LI]), microbiome analysis revealed clear distinctions in microbial compositions between PTB and FTB mothers in both the HI and LI groups. Especially in the HI group, alpha diversity exhibited a decreasing trend in PTB mothers compared to FTB mothers. Beta diversity also revealed significant differences between the two groups. In Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size analysis, certain anaerobic taxa, including the genera Spirochaetes, Treponema and Porphyromonas, were relatively abundant in the FTB/HI group, whereas the PTB/HI group showed a high abundance of the order Actinomycetales. Network analysis showed that the FTB/HI had relatively stronger connectivity in microbial composition than the PTB/HI group. Dysbiosis ratio of plaque microbiome, in terms of periodontitis, was significantly lower in PTB/HI group compared to FTB/HI group. CONCLUSION The compositions of maternal subgingival microbiomes differed between PTB and FTB mothers in both the high and low levels of gingival inflammation groups. In the presence of high level of gingival inflammation, dysbiosis in plaque microbiome, in terms of periodontitis, was decreased in PTB mothers compared to FTB mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Soo Park
- Department of Periodontology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ju Sun Heo
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Ahn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Altamura S, Del Pinto R, Pietropaoli D, Ferri C. Oral health as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2024; 34:267-275. [PMID: 36963476 PMCID: PMC10517086 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with a high socioeconomic burden. Increasing evidence supports a convincing connection with increased cardiovascular risk of periodontal diseases (PD), a group of widespread, debilitating, and costly dysbiotic relapsing-remitting inflammatory diseases of the tissues supporting the teeth. Herein, we ensembled the best available evidence on the connection between CVDs and PD to review the recently emerging concept of the latter as a non-traditional risk factor for CVDs. We focused on oral dysbiosis, inflammation-associated molecular and cellular mechanisms, and epigenetic changes as potential causative links between PD and CVDs. The available evidence on the effects of periodontal treatment on cardiovascular risk factors and diseases was also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Altamura
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research - Dental Clinic, L'Aquila, Italy; Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy; PhD School in Medicine and Public Health
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy; Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Pietropaoli
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Center of Oral Diseases, Prevention and Translational Research - Dental Clinic, L'Aquila, Italy; Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Oral Diseases and Systemic Interactions Study Group (ODISSY Group), L'Aquila, Italy; Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
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Willmott T, Serrage HJ, Cottrell EC, Humphreys GJ, Myers J, Campbell PM, McBain AJ. Investigating the association between nitrate dosing and nitrite generation by the human oral microbiota in continuous culture. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0203523. [PMID: 38440981 PMCID: PMC11022587 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02035-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The generation of nitrite by the oral microbiota is believed to contribute to healthy cardiovascular function, with oral nitrate reduction to nitrite associated with systemic blood pressure regulation. There is the potential to manipulate the composition or activities of the oral microbiota to a higher nitrate-reducing state through nitrate supplementation. The current study examined microbial community composition and enzymatic responses to nitrate supplementation in sessile oral microbiota grown in continuous culture. Nitrate reductase (NaR) activity and nitrite concentrations were not significantly different to tongue-derived inocula in model biofilms. These were generally dominated by Streptococcus spp., initially, and a single nitrate supplementation resulted in the increased relative abundance of the nitrate-reducing genera Veillonella, Neisseria, and Proteus spp. Nitrite concentrations increased concomitantly and continued to increase throughout oral microbiota development. Continuous nitrate supplementation, over a 7-day period, was similarly associated with an elevated abundance of nitrate-reducing taxa and increased nitrite concentration in the perfusate. In experiments in which the models were established in continuous low or high nitrate environments, there was an initial elevation in nitrate reductase, and nitrite concentrations reached a relatively constant concentration over time similar to the acute nitrate challenge with a similar expansion of Veillonella and Neisseria. In summary, we have investigated nitrate metabolism in continuous culture oral biofilms, showing that nitrate addition increases nitrate reductase activity and nitrite concentrations in oral microbiota with the expansion of putatively NaR-producing taxa.IMPORTANCEClinical evidence suggests that blood pressure regulation can be promoted by nitrite generated through the reduction of supplemental dietary nitrate by the oral microbiota. We have utilized oral microbiota models to investigate the mechanisms responsible, demonstrating that nitrate addition increases nitrate reductase activity and nitrite concentrations in oral microbiota with the expansion of nitrate-reducing taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Willmott
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J. Serrage
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C. Cottrell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J. Humphreys
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Myers
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M. Campbell
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. McBain
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Farook FF, Alnasyan B, Alhamid R, AlAmri Z, Alshammari A, Nizam MNM, Alorf RA. Association between mouth rinse use and changes in blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:65-77. [PMID: 37486884 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous randomized controlled trials have shown that the use of antiseptic mouth rinses not only eradicates oral bacteria but also disrupts their ability to convert nitrate to nitrite, which is the key molecule in regulating blood pressure (BP). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association between the use of mouth rinses and changes in BP. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from their respective inception dates to 18th December 2022 to identify potential interventional studies with information on the association between the use of mouth rinse and changes in BP. Five trials using a controlled, crossover design were identified for data analysis. RESULTS The weighted mean difference was pooled using a random-effects model. The pooled results of five trials together showed that the use of mouth rinses did not result in a statistically or clinically significant increase in the systolic BP (SBP) (1.59 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.15 to 3.33) or diastolic BP (DBP) (0.46 mmHg; 95% CI, -0.72 to 1.64). The trial sequential analysis did not present conclusive evidence supporting the association between mouth rinse use and BP elevation. CONCLUSION Within the limits of the available evidence, our review and meta-analysis showed that mouth rinse use did not result in a statistically significant increase in the SBP, DBP, or mean arterial pressure (MAP). Nevertheless, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the high degree of inconsistency across the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Fazrina Farook
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bothinah Alnasyan
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alhamid
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahra AlAmri
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulsalam Alshammari
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Roaa Ali Alorf
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Dukanovic Rikvold P, Skov Hansen LB, Meyer RL, Jørgensen MR, Tiwari MK, Schlafer S. The Effect of Enzymatic Treatment with Mutanase, Beta-Glucanase, and DNase on a Saliva-Derived Biofilm Model. Caries Res 2023; 58:68-76. [PMID: 38154453 PMCID: PMC10997270 DOI: 10.1159/000535980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dental biofilm matrix is an important determinant of virulence for caries development and comprises a variety of extracellular polymeric substances that contribute to biofilm stability. Enzymes that break down matrix components may be a promising approach to caries control, and in light of the compositional complexity of the dental biofilm matrix, treatment with multiple enzymes may enhance the reduction of biofilm formation compared to single enzyme therapy. The present study investigated the effect of the three matrix-degrading enzymes mutanase, beta-glucanase, and DNase, applied separately or in combinations, on biofilm prevention and removal in a saliva-derived in vitro-grown model. METHODS Biofilms were treated during growth to assess biofilm prevention or after 24 h of growth to assess biofilm removal by the enzymes. Biofilms were quantified by crystal violet staining and impedance-based real-time cell analysis, and the biofilm structure was visualized by confocal microscopy and staining of extracellular DNA (eDNA) and polysaccharides. RESULTS The in vitro model was dominated by Streptococcus spp., as determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. All tested enzymes and combinations had a significant effect on biofilm prevention, with reductions of >90% for mutanase and all combinations including mutanase. Combined application of DNase and beta-glucanase resulted in an additive effect (81.0% ± 1.3% SD vs. 36.9% ± 21.9% SD and 48.2% ± 14.9% SD). For biofilm removal, significant reductions of up to 73.2% ± 5.5% SD were achieved for combinations including mutanase, whereas treatment with DNase had no effect. Glucans, but not eDNA decreased in abundance upon treatment with all three enzymes. CONCLUSION Multi-enzyme treatment is a promising approach to dental biofilm control that needs to be validated in more diverse biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Dukanovic Rikvold
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Ecology, Cariology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Novozymes A/S, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Faculty of Natural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Sebastian Schlafer
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Ecology, Cariology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Cato LE, McKay AKA, L’Heureux JE, Vanhatalo A, Jones AM, Askew CD, Slater GJ, Burke LM. Low Carbohydrate, High Fat Diet Alters the Oral Microbiome without Negating the Nitrite Response to Beetroot Juice Supplementation. Nutrients 2023; 15:5123. [PMID: 38140382 PMCID: PMC10745889 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diet in athletes increases fat oxidation but impairs sports performance, potentially due to impaired exercise economy. Dietary nitrate supplementation can improve exercise economy via an increase in nitric oxide production, which is initiated by the reduction of nitrate to nitrite within the oral cavity. This reaction is dependent on the presence of nitrate-reducing oral bacteria, which can potentially be altered by dietary changes, including a LCHF diet. This study explored the effect of a LCHF diet on the oral microbiome and subsequent changes to plasma nitrite concentration following nitrate supplementation. Following five days of LCHF or high carbohydrate (HCHO) control dietary intervention, highly trained male race walkers consumed 140 mL beetroot juice containing 8.4 mmol nitrate; they then provided (a) blood samples for plasma nitrate and nitrite analysis and (b) saliva samples for 16S rRNA sequencing of the oral microbiome. The LCHF diet (n = 13) reduced oral bacterial diversity and changed the relative abundance of the genera Neisseria (+10%), Fusobacteria (+3%), Prevotella (-9%), and Veillonella (-4%), with no significant changes observed following the HCHO diet (n = 11). Following beetroot juice ingestion, plasma nitrite concentrations were higher for the LCHF diet compared to the HCHO diet (p = 0.04). However, the absence of an interaction with the trial (pre-post) (p = 0.71) suggests that this difference was not due to the dietary intervention. In summary, we found an increase in plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations in response to nitrate supplementation independent of diet. This suggests the oral microbiome is adaptive to dietary changes and can maintain a nitrate reduction capacity despite a decrease in bacterial diversity following the LCHF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E. Cato
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia; (C.D.A.); (G.J.S.)
| | - Alannah K. A. McKay
- Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.K.A.M.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Joanna E. L’Heureux
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (J.E.L.); (A.V.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Anni Vanhatalo
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (J.E.L.); (A.V.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Andrew M. Jones
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; (J.E.L.); (A.V.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Christopher D. Askew
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia; (C.D.A.); (G.J.S.)
| | - Gary J. Slater
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia; (C.D.A.); (G.J.S.)
| | - Louise M. Burke
- Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.K.A.M.); (L.M.B.)
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Antonello G, Blostein F, Bhaumik D, Davis E, Gögele M, Melotti R, Pramstaller P, Pattaro C, Segata N, Foxman B, Fuchsberger C. Smoking and salivary microbiota: a cross-sectional analysis of an Italian alpine population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18904. [PMID: 37919319 PMCID: PMC10622503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiota plays an important role in the exogenous nitrate reduction pathway and is associated with heart and periodontal disease and cigarette smoking. We describe smoking-related changes in oral microbiota composition and resulting potential metabolic pathway changes that may explain smoking-related changes in disease risk. We analyzed health information and salivary microbiota composition among 1601 Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol participants collected 2017-2018. Salivary microbiota taxa were assigned from amplicon sequences of the 16S-V4 rRNA and used to describe microbiota composition and predict metabolic pathways. Aerobic taxa relative abundance decreased with daily smoking intensity and increased with years since cessation, as did inferred nitrate reduction. Former smokers tended to be more similar to Never smokers than to Current smokers, especially those who had quit for longer than 5 years. Cigarette smoking has a consistent, generalizable association on oral microbiota composition and predicted metabolic pathways, some of which associate in a dose-dependent fashion. Smokers who quit for longer than 5 years tend to have salivary microbiota profiles comparable to never smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Antonello
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Freida Blostein
- School of Public Health - Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Deesha Bhaumik
- School of Public Health - Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elyse Davis
- School of Public Health - Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin Gögele
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Roberto Melotti
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Peter Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Betsy Foxman
- School of Public Health - Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research - Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.
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11
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Alrashdan MS, Leao JC, Doble A, McCullough M, Porter S. The Effects of Antimicrobial Mouthwashes on Systemic Disease: What Is the Evidence? Int Dent J 2023; 73 Suppl 2:S82-S88. [PMID: 37867067 PMCID: PMC10690546 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential association between antimicrobial mouthwash use and systemic health has gained attention in recent years with reports highlighting how some common systemic conditions are influenced by the use of different types of mouthwashes. In this context, links between mouthwash use and cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, oral cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and preeclampsia have been proposed, albeit with limited levels of evidence. Chlorhexidine mouthwash in particular has been the most widely studied agent while available data on other types of over-the-counter mouthwashes are generally scarce. Furthermore, there is currently no evidence-based recommendations on the appropriate use of mouthwashes during pregnancy. This article will present the current evidence on the association between mouthwash use and the aforementioned conditions with emphasis on the mechanisms that may underlie such an association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Alrashdan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE; Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jair Carneiro Leao
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Recife PE, Brazil
| | - Amazon Doble
- Peninsula Dental School, Plymouth University, Portland Square, Plymouth, UK
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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12
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Willmott T, Ormesher L, McBain AJ, Humphreys GJ, Myers JE, Singh G, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Nihlen C, Cottrell EC. Altered Oral Nitrate Reduction and Bacterial Profiles in Hypertensive Women Predict Blood Pressure Lowering Following Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation. Hypertension 2023; 80:2397-2406. [PMID: 37702047 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of dietary nitrate supplementation to lower blood pressure (BP) in pregnant women is highly variable. We aimed to investigate whether differences in oral microbiota profiles and oral nitrate-reducing capacity may explain interindividual differences in BP lowering following nitrate supplementation. METHODS Participants recruited for this study were both pregnant and nonpregnant women, with or without hypertension (n=55). Following an overnight fast, plasma, saliva, and tongue scraping samples were collected for measurement of nitrate/nitrite concentrations, oral NaR (nitrate reductase) activity, and microbiota profiling using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Baseline BP was measured, followed by the administration of a single dose of dietary nitrate (400 mg nitrate in 70 mL beetroot juice). Post-nitrate intervention, plasma and salivary nitrate/nitrite concentrations and BP were determined 2.5 hours later. RESULTS Women with hypertension had significantly lower salivary nitrite concentrations (P=0.006) and reduced abundance of the nitrate-reducing taxa Veillonella(P=0.007) compared with normotensive women. Oral NaR activity was not significantly different in pregnant versus nonpregnant women (P=0.991) but tended to be lower in hypertensive compared with normotensive women (P=0.099). Oral NaR activity was associated with both baseline diastolic BP (P=0.050) and change in diastolic BP following acute nitrate intake (P=0.01, adjusted for baseline BP). CONCLUSIONS The abundance and activity of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria impact both baseline BP as well as the ability of dietary nitrate supplementation to lower BP. Strategies to increase oral nitrate-reducing capacity could lower BP and enhance the efficacy of dietary nitrate supplementation, in pregnancy as well as in nonpregnant adults. REGISTRATION URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov; Unique identifier: NCT03930693.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Willmott
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences (T.W., L.O., J.E.M., E.C.C.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences (T.W., A.J.M., G.J.H.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Ormesher
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences (T.W., L.O., J.E.M., E.C.C.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J McBain
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences (T.W., A.J.M., G.J.H.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Humphreys
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences (T.W., A.J.M., G.J.H.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny E Myers
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences (T.W., L.O., J.E.M., E.C.C.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (G.S.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.L., E.W., C.N.)
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.L., E.W., C.N.)
| | - Carina Nihlen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.L., E.W., C.N.)
| | - Elizabeth C Cottrell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences (T.W., L.O., J.E.M., E.C.C.), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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13
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Ren Y, Liang J, Li X, Deng Y, Cheng S, Wu Q, Song W, He Y, Zhu J, Zhang X, Zhou H, Yin J. Association between oral microbial dysbiosis and poor functional outcomes in stroke-associated pneumonia patients. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:305. [PMID: 37875813 PMCID: PMC10594709 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in our understanding of the critical role of the microbiota in stroke patients, the oral microbiome has rarely been reported to be associated with stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). We sought to profile the oral microbial composition of SAP patients and to determine whether microbiome temporal instability and special taxa are associated with pneumonia progression and functional outcomes. METHODS This is a prospective, observational, single-center cohort study that examined patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who were admitted within 24 h of experiencing a stroke event. The patients were divided into three groups based on the occurrence of pneumonia and the use of mechanical ventilation: nonpneumonia group, SAP group, and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) group. We collected oral swabs at different time points post-admission and analyzed the microbiota using 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The microbiota was then compared among the three groups. RESULTS In total, 104 nonpneumonia, 50 SAP and 10 VAP patients were included in the analysis. We found that SAP and VAP patients exhibited significant dynamic differences in the diversity and composition of the oral microbiota and that the magnitude of this dysbiosis and instability increased during hospitalization. Then, by controlling the potential effect of all latent confounding variables, we assessed the changes associated with pneumonia after stroke and explored patients with a lower abundance of Streptococcus were more likely to suffer from SAP. The logistic regression analysis revealed that an increase in specific taxa in the phylum Actinobacteriota was linked to a higher risk of poor outcomes. A model for SAP patients based on oral microbiota could accurately predict 30-day clinical outcomes after stroke onset. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that specific oral microbiota signatures could be used to predict illness development and clinical outcomes in SAP patients. We proposed the potential of the oral microbiota as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker in the clinical management of SAP patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04688138. Registered 29/12/2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04688138 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueran Ren
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingru Liang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiting Deng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sanping Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan He
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Bryan NS, Molnar J, Somberg J. The Efficacy of Nitric Oxide-Generating Lozenges on Outcome in Newly Diagnosed COVID-19 Patients of African American and Hispanic Origin. Am J Med 2023; 136:1035-1040.e11. [PMID: 37356641 PMCID: PMC10290177 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study was initiated in 2020 to test the efficacy of a nitric oxide-generating lozenge (NOL) in outpatients with newly diagnosed COVID-19 to mitigate disease severity. The study enrolled high-risk patients, African American and Latino. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blinded, prospective, placebo-controlled trial. The primary endpoint was hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, intubation, dialysis, and death. The secondary endpoints were time to symptom resolution and the effect on oxygen saturation. Patients ages 50-85 years with recent COVID-19 diagnosis with at least one risk factor were recruited. Patients were randomized to either active treatment or placebo using block randomization. Blood pressure and oxygen saturation (SpO2) was measured prior to and after the first dose and each morning thereafter. RESULTS A total of 840 patients was planned, half in each of the lozenge and placebo groups. An interim review of data was prespecified. Of 524 patients, the composite endpoint occurred in 6 patients, 3 (1.1%) in each group. The time to symptom resolution was 1 day shorter on active treatment (8.7 ± 6.6 vs 9.8 ± 6.8 days) (P = .3). There was no change in SpO2 on placebo (0.0 ± 2.0%) and no significant change on treatment (0.14 ± 0.9%), P = .3. All events occurred in the first year (2020). CONCLUSIONS This study did not find a benefit of NOL therapy in COVID-19 patients and was terminated for futility. NOL treatment did not reduce mortality, hospitalization, intubation, or a reduction in symptoms duration. The study did find the NO lozenges were well tolerated in high-risk patients, without reported side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janos Molnar
- American Institute Therapeutics, Lake Bluff, Ill
| | - John Somberg
- American Institute Therapeutics, Lake Bluff, Ill; Rush University, Chicago, Ill.
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15
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Jockel-Schneider Y, Goßner SK, Stölzel P, Haubitz I, Carle R, Petersen N, Baulmann J, Schlagenhauf U. Impact of Dietary Nitrate on the Recovery of Therapy-related Vascular Health Impairments Following Standard Periodontal Aftercare Therapy: a Hypothesis-generating Subanalysis. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1045-1051. [PMID: 37315934 DOI: 10.1055/a-2110-1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This follow-up study assessed the impact of a nitrate-rich diet on salivary nitrate/nitrite levels and the recovery of therapy-induced vascular impairments in a cohort of 39 periodontitis patients treated by standard subgingival mechanical plaque removal (PMPR). At baseline, saliva samples for nitrate/nitrite analysis were collected, and peripheral/central blood and augmentation pressure was documented using the Arteriograph recording system. Immediately after, PMPR vascular parameters were reassessed. All study patients received a randomly allocated supply of a lettuce beverage to be consumed for 14 days, containing either a daily dosage of 200 mg nitrate (test group, n = 20) or being void of nitrate (placebo group, n = 19). At day 14, salivary and vascular parameters were reassessed. Initial salivary and vascular parameters did not differ significantly between the groups. PMPR impaired all vascular parameters in both groups with no differences between the groups. At day 14, salivary nitrate/nitrite levels of the test group were significantly elevated compared to baseline. All vascular parameters had significantly recovered from the impairment inflicted by PMPR. In the placebo group, by contrast, salivary parameters did not differ significantly from baseline, and the recovery of impaired vascular parameters was restricted to a significant improvement of diastolic blood pressure. Correlation analysis identified a significant inverse correlation between salivary nitrate/nitrite sum and central/peripheral blood pressure and augmentation pressure. In conclusion, the data of this subanalysis suggest that increasing salivary nitrate/nitrite levels by a diet rich in nitrate may improve recovery of therapy-induced vascular impairments after PMPR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophia K Goßner
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peggy Stölzel
- Department of Periodontology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Imme Haubitz
- Department of Periodontology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Science, Biological Science Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicole Petersen
- Department of Periodontology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Baulmann
- Private Practice for Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schlagenhauf
- Department of Periodontology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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16
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Yoshiba S, Nakagawa H, Kuwata H, Nabuchi A, Yaso A, Shirota T. Metagenomic analysis of oral plaques and aortic valve tissues reveals oral bacteria associated with aortic stenosis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4335-4344. [PMID: 37157029 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bacteria derived from the oral cavity enter the bloodstream and cause the onset of various systemic diseases, including heart valve disease. However, information on the oral bacteria involved in aortic stenosis is limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS We comprehensively analyzed the microbiota in aortic valve tissues collected from aortic stenosis patients using metagenomic sequencing and investigated the relationships between the valve microbiota, the oral microbiota, and oral cavity conditions. RESULTS Metagenomic analysis revealed the presence of 629 bacterial species in five oral plaques and 15 aortic valve clinical specimens. Patients were classified into two groups (A and B) according to their aortic valve microbiota composition using principal coordinate analysis. Examination of the oral conditions of the patients showed no difference in the decayed/missing/filled teeth index. Bacteria in group B tend to be associated with severe disease, and the number of bacteria on the dorsum of the tongue and the positive rate of bleeding during probing were significantly higher in this group than in group A. The pathophysiology of aortic stenosis may be related to the presence of oral bacteria such as Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus sanguinis following bacteremia. CONCLUSIONS Systemic inflammation in severe periodontitis may be driven by the oral microbiota, supporting the indirect (inflammatory) association between oral bacteria and aortic stenosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Appropriate oral hygiene management may contribute to the prevention and treatment of aortic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Yoshiba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kuwata
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nabuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Yaso
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shirota
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Loughman A, Adler CJ, Macpherson H. Unlocking Modifiable Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease: Does the Oral Microbiome Hold Some of the Keys? J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1111-1129. [PMID: 36872775 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Advancing age is recognized as the primary risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD); however approximately one third of dementia cases are attributable to modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and obesity. Recent research also implicates oral health and the oral microbiome in AD risk and pathophysiology. The oral microbiome contributes to the cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathology of AD via the inflammatory, vascular, neurotoxic, and oxidative stress pathways of known modifiable risk factors. This review proposes a conceptual framework that integrates the emerging evidence regarding the oral microbiome with established modifiable risk factors. There are numerous mechanisms by which the oral microbiome may interact with AD pathophysiology. Microbiota have immunomodulatory functions, including the activation of systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines. This inflammation can affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, which in turn modulates translocation of bacteria and their metabolites to brain parenchyma. Amyloid-β is an antimicrobial peptide, a feature which may in part explain its accumulation. There are microbial interactions with cardiovascular health, glucose tolerance, physical activity, and sleep, suggesting that these modifiable lifestyle risk factors of dementia may have microbial contributors. There is mounting evidence to suggest the relevance of oral health practices and the microbiome to AD. The conceptual framework presented here additionally demonstrates the potential for the oral microbiome to comprise a mechanistic intermediary between some lifestyle risk factors and AD pathophysiology. Future clinical studies may identify specific oral microbial targets and the optimum oral health practices to reduce dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Loughman
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina J Adler
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Deakin University, IPAN - the Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Moraitou M, Forsythe A, Fellows Yates JA, Brealey JC, Warinner C, Guschanski K. Ecology, Not Host Phylogeny, Shapes the Oral Microbiome in Closely Related Species. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6874787. [PMID: 36472532 PMCID: PMC9778846 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-associated microbiomes are essential for a multitude of biological processes. Placed at the contact zone between external and internal environments, the little-studied oral microbiome has important roles in host physiology and health. Here, we investigate the roles of host evolutionary relationships and ecology in shaping the oral microbiome in three closely related gorilla subspecies (mountain, Grauer's, and western lowland gorillas) using shotgun metagenomics of 46 museum-preserved dental calculus samples. We find that the oral microbiomes of mountain gorillas are functionally and taxonomically distinct from the other two subspecies, despite close evolutionary relationships and geographic proximity with Grauer's gorillas. Grauer's gorillas show intermediate bacterial taxonomic and functional, and dietary profiles. Altitudinal differences in gorilla subspecies ranges appear to explain these patterns, suggesting a close connection between dental calculus microbiomes and the environment, likely mediated through diet. This is further supported by the presence of gorilla subspecies-specific phyllosphere/rhizosphere taxa in the oral microbiome. Mountain gorillas show a high abundance of nitrate-reducing oral taxa, which may promote adaptation to a high-altitude lifestyle by modulating blood pressure. Our results suggest that ecology, rather than evolutionary relationships and geographic distribution, shape the oral microbiome in these closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James A Fellows Yates
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,Department of Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jaelle C Brealey
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christina Warinner
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany,Department of Paleobiotechnology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany,Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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19
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Bryan NS. Nitric oxide deficiency is a primary driver of hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Wang H, Yang M, Cheng S, Ren Y, Deng Y, Liang J, Lin X, Li J, Yin J, Wu Q. The Spouses of Stroke Patients Have a Similar Oral Microbiome to Their Partners with an Elevated Risk of Stroke. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2288. [PMID: 36422358 PMCID: PMC9697374 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Spousal members who share no genetic relatedness show similar oral microbiomes. Whether a shared microbiome increases the risk of cerebrovascular disease is challenging to investigate. The aim of this study was to compare the oral microbiota composition of poststroke patients, their partners, and controls and to compare the risk of stroke between partners of poststroke patients and controls. Forty-seven pairs of spouses and 34 control subjects were recruited for the study. Alcohol use, smoking, metabolic disease history, clinical test results, and oral health were documented. Oral microbiome samples were measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The risk of stroke was measured by risk factor assessment (RFA) and the Framingham Stroke Profile (FSP). Poststroke patients and their partners exhibited higher alpha diversity than controls. Principal-coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that poststroke patients share a more similar microbiota composition with their partners than controls. The differentially abundant microbial taxa among the 3 groups were identified by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis. The risk factor assessment indicated that partners of poststroke patients had a higher risk of stroke than controls. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Prevotellaceae was negatively associated with RFA. Lactobacillales was negatively associated with FSP, while Campilobacterota and [Eubacterium]_nodatum_group were positively associated with FSP. These results suggest that stroke risk may be transmissible between spouses through the oral microbiome, in which several bacteria might be involved in the pathogenesis of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengjia Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sanping Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yueran Ren
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yiting Deng
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jingru Liang
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaofei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jie Li
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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21
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Grabacka M, Płonka PM, Pierzchalska M. The PPARα Regulation of the Gut Physiology in Regard to Interaction with Microbiota, Intestinal Immunity, Metabolism, and Permeability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214156. [PMID: 36430628 PMCID: PMC9696208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is expressed throughout the mammalian gut: in epithelial cells, in the villi of enterocytes and in Paneth cells of intestinal crypts, as well as in some immune cells (e.g., lamina propria macrophages, dendritic cells) of the mucosa. This review examines the reciprocal interaction between PPARα activation and intestinal microbiota. We refer to the published data confirming that microbiota products can influence PPARα signaling and, on the other hand, PPARα activation is able to affect microbiota profile, viability, and diversity. PPARα impact on the broad spectrum of events connected to metabolism, signaling (e.g., NO production), immunological tolerance to dietary antigens, immunity and permeability of the gut are also discussed. We believe that the phenomena described here play a prominent role in gut homeostasis. Therefore, in conclusion we propose future directions for research, including the application of synthetic activators and natural endogenous ligands of PPARα (i.e., endocannabinoids) as therapeutics for intestinal pathologies and systemic diseases assumed to be related to gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Grabacka
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-662-4701
| | - Przemysław M. Płonka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland
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22
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Könnecke H, Schnabel RB, Walther C, Lamprecht R, Heydecke G, Seedorf U, Jagodzinski A, Borof K, Zeller T, Beikler T, Smeets R, Gosau M, Behrendt CA, Wenzel U, Börschel CS, Karakas M, Blankenberg S, Aarabi G. Cross-sectional study on the association of periodontitis with arterial hypertension in the Hamburg City Health Study. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:181. [PMID: 36114562 PMCID: PMC9479239 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and arterial hypertension, both of which show correlations with classical cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory activity. Materials and methods A cross-sectional analysis of data from a large population-based health survey (the Hamburg City Health Study, HCHS) including 5934 participants with complete periodontal examination and blood pressure data, of whom 5735 had medical records regarding anti-hypertensive medication, was performed. Probing depths, gingival recessions, bleeding on probing (BOP), dental plaque, and decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) indices were recorded as measures of oral health. Clinical attachment loss (CAL) per tooth was calculated and periodontitis was staged into three groups (no/mild, moderate, severe). Arterial hypertension was diagnosed based on the participants’ medication history and systolic and diastolic blood pressure values. Logistic regression models were constructed accounting for a set of potential confounders (age, sex, smoking, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, educational level, alcohol intake) and high sensitivity-C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Results The odds of arterial hypertension increased significantly along with periodontitis severity (OR for severe periodontitis: 2.19; 95% CI 1.85–2.59; p < 0.001; OR for moderate periodontitis: 1.65; 95% CI 1.45–1.87; p < 0.001). Participants with moderate or severe periodontitis also had significantly higher age- and sex-adjusted odds of arterial hypertension, which was slightly weakened when additionally adjusted for BMI, diabetes, smoking, educational level, and alcohol intake (OR for severe PD: 1.28, 95% CI 1.04–1.59, p = 0.02; OR for moderate PD: 1.30, 95% CI 1.11–1.52, p = 0.001). The fraction of participants with undertreated hypertension (untreated and poorly controlled hypertension) was considerably larger in participants with severe periodontitis than in those with no/mild periodontitis (50.1% vs. 37.4% for no/mild periodontitis). Conclusions The study shows an association between periodontitis and arterial hypertension that is independent of age, sex, diabetes, BMI, smoking, educational level, and alcohol intake. In addition, undertreatment of hypertension was more common in people with severe periodontitis compared with periodontally more healthy people. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40001-022-00811-y.
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23
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Acute Effects of Inorganic Nitrate Intake on Brachial and Femoral Flow-Mediated Vasodilation, and on Carotid Artery Reactivity Responses: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study in Abdominally Obese Men. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173560. [PMID: 36079817 PMCID: PMC9460748 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Most trials on the effects of inorganic nitrate intake have focused on only one specific aspect of the endothelial cell response to a stimulus, thereby possibly missing other important effects. The aim of the present randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over study was therefore to investigate in eighteen healthy abdominally obese men (18–60 years, waist circumference ≥ 102 cm) acute effects of potassium nitrate on brachial and femoral flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), and on carotid artery reactivity (CAR) to a cold pressure test. Participants received in random order a drink providing 10 mmol potassium nitrate (i.e., 625 mg of nitrate) or an iso-molar placebo drink with potassium chloride. Fasted and 4 h post-drink FMD and blood pressure measurements were performed. CAR responses were assessed at 4 h. Circulating nitrate plus nitrite concentration increased following nitrate intake (p = 0.003). Compared with placebo, potassium nitrate did not affect brachial (mean [95% confidence interval]: −0.2% [−2.5, 2.1], p = 0.86) and femoral FMD responses (−0.6% [−3.0; 1.7], p = 0.54). CAR responses were also not different (−0.8% [−2.5, 0.9], p = 0.32). Finally, changes in blood pressure and heart rate did not differ. No adverse events were observed. In conclusion, this trial did not provide evidence for effects of a single dose of inorganic nitrate on 4 h vascular endothelial function in abdominally obese men.
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24
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Kim HJ, Shim KW, Na HS, Kim SY, Yu Y, Song Y, Lee HA, Lee JY, Lee JH, Chung J. Assessing the effect of antihypertensives on plaque microbiota in patients with periodontitis and hypertension using 16S rRNA sequencing; a cross-sectional study. J Periodontol 2022; 94:529-541. [PMID: 35989670 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is initiated or accelerated by dysbiosis of oral microorganisms. When hypertension is accompanied in periodontitis patients, the changes of oral microbiota occur. Since there are no reports of antihypertensives, we assessed the effect of antihypertensives on the oral microbial profiles of patients with periodontitis. METHODS This study involved 95 participants divided into two groups: those with periodontitis and hypertension (P_HT) and those with periodontitis and taking medications for hypertension (P_mHT). Plaque samples were collected from the buccal, supragingival, and subgingival sites of the oral cavities of these patients. DNA was extracted, and the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA was sequenced and analyzed. RESULTS The P_HT and P_mHT groups were similar with respect to the alpha- and beta-diversity as well as the dominant phyla and genera but differed in the relative abundance of bacterial species (85 species). In the P_mHT group, the relative abundance of major periodontal pathogens was greatly increased. In particular, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Fretibacterium fastidiosum increased nearly three times the LDA score in the supragingival plaque. Also, there was an increase in relative abundance of Prevotella spp. associated with periodontitis and nitrate reduction, which was also evident in the supragingival plaque. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that antihypertensives induce dysbiotic changes in the oral microbiota of patients with periodontitis which are associated with increases in the relative abundance of periodontal pathogens. Therefore, more active periodontal treatment and supportive periodontal therapy are required in patients taking antihypertensives. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Shim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Sam Na
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Si Yeong Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yeuni Yu
- Biomedical research institute, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yuri Song
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ju Youn Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Chung
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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25
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The relationship between tooth loss and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13311. [PMID: 35922537 PMCID: PMC9349209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As tooth loss is the high end of periodontal problems and edentulous individuals are at higher risk of nutritional problems like obesity, understanding the association between tooth loss and hypertension is important for improving cardiovascular health. We searched for publications from the last two decades using three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) and conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between tooth loss and hypertension according to PRISMA-P guidelines. Quality assessments were performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the GRADE approach. Twenty-four studies (20 cross-sectional, and 4 cohort) met the inclusion criteria for this review. Most cross-sectional studies showed that subjects with more tooth loss exhibited a greater proportion of hypertension and higher systolic blood pressure than those with less tooth loss. Meta-analyses revealed a statistically significant association between tooth loss and hypertension. The pooled odds ratios of hypertension for having tooth loss with no tooth loss and for edentulous with dentate were 2.22 (95% CI 2.00–2.45) and 4.94 (95% CI 4.04–6.05), respectively. In cohort studies, subjects with more tooth loss had a greater incidence of hypertension than those with less tooth loss during the follow-up period. The present systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that tooth loss is associated with an increased risk of hypertension and higher systolic blood pressure.
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26
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Mao X, Hiergeist A, Auer DL, Scholz KJ, Muehler D, Hiller KA, Maisch T, Buchalla W, Hellwig E, Gessner A, Al-Ahmad A, Cieplik F. Ecological Effects of Daily Antiseptic Treatment on Microbial Composition of Saliva-Grown Microcosm Biofilms and Selection of Resistant Phenotypes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:934525. [PMID: 35847089 PMCID: PMC9280182 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.934525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiseptics are widely used in dental practice and included in numerous over-the-counter oral care products. However, the effects of routine antiseptic use on microbial composition of oral biofilms and on the emergence of resistant phenotypes remain unclear. Microcosm biofilms were inoculated from saliva samples of four donors and cultured in the Amsterdam Active Attachment biofilm model for 3 days. Then, they were treated two times daily with chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) or cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) for a period of 7 days. Ecological changes upon these multiple antiseptic treatments were evaluated by semiconductor-based sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and identification of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Furthermore, culture-based approaches were used for colony-forming units (CFU) assay, identification of antiseptic-resistant phenotypes using an agar dilution method, and evaluation of their antibiotic susceptibilities. Both CHX and CPC showed only slight effects on CFU and could not inhibit biofilm growth despite the two times daily treatment for 7 days. Both antiseptics showed significant ecological effects on the microbial compositions of the surviving microbiota, whereby CHX led to enrichment of rather caries-associated saccharolytic taxa and CPC led to enrichment of rather gingivitis-associated proteolytic taxa. Antiseptic-resistant phenotypes were isolated on antiseptic-containing agar plates, which also exhibited phenotypic resistance to various antibiotics. Our results highlight the need for further research into potential detrimental effects of antiseptics on the microbial composition of oral biofilms and on the spread of antimicrobial resistance in the context of their frequent use in oral healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Mao
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiergeist
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David L. Auer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin J. Scholz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Muehler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tim Maisch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Fabian Cieplik,
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27
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Baty JJ, Huffines JT, Stoner SN, Scoffield JA. A Commensal Streptococcus Dysregulates the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Nitrosative Stress Response. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:817336. [PMID: 35619650 PMCID: PMC9127344 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.817336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections in the cystic fibrosis (CF) airway are composed of both pathogenic and commensal bacteria. However, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are the leading cause of lung deterioration in individuals with CF. Interestingly, oral commensals can translocate to the CF lung and their presence is associated with improved lung function, presumably due to their ability to antagonize P. aeruginosa. We have previously shown that one commensal, Streptococcus parasanguinis, produces hydrogen peroxide that reacts with nitrite to generate reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) which inhibit P. aeruginosa growth. In this study, we sought to understand the global impact of commensal-mediated RNI on the P. aeruginosa transcriptome. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that S. parasanguinis and nitrite-mediated RNI dysregulated expression of denitrification genes in a CF isolate of P. aeruginosa compared to when this isolate was only exposed to S. parasanguinis. Further, loss of a nitric oxide reductase subunit (norB) rendered an acute P. aeruginosa isolate more susceptible to S. parasanguinis-mediated RNI. Additionally, S. parasanguinis-mediated RNI inactivated P. aeruginosa aconitase activity. Lastly, we report that P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from CF individuals are uniquely hypersensitive to S. parasanguinis-mediated RNI compared to acute infection or environmental P. aeruginosa isolates. These findings illustrate that S. parasanguinis hinders the ability of P. aeruginosa to respond to RNI, which potentially prevents P. aeruginosa CF isolates from resisting commensal and host-induced RNI in the CF airway.
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28
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Altemani F, Barrett HL, Callaway LK, McIntyre HD, Dekker Nitert M. Reduced Abundance of Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria in the Oral Microbiota of Women with Future Preeclampsia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061139. [PMID: 35334796 PMCID: PMC8953404 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiota can contribute to the regulation of blood pressure by increasing the availability of nitric oxide through the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, which can be converted into nitric oxide in the stomach and then enter the circulation. It is unclear if the composition of the oral microbiota is different between women who do and do not develop preeclampsia. This study aimed to compare the composition of the buccal microbiota just prior to the development of symptoms at 36 weeks gestation in 12 women who developed late-onset preeclampsia and 24 matched women who remained normotensive throughout pregnancy by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The abundance of the nitrate-reducing Veillonella spp V. parvula and V. dispar and a subunit of nitrate reductase narH was compared using real-time PCR. The abundance of bacteria was correlated with maternal blood pressure and dietary intake of nitrate-containing vegetables. The results showed that the abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria including Veillonella, specifically V. parvula, and Prevotella was reduced in women who developed preeclampsia. Veillonella but not Prevotella abundance was negatively correlated with maternal blood pressure. The dietary intake of nitrate-containing vegetables did not differ between the groups and was not correlated with the abundance of Veillonella. There was no difference in the abundance of the nitrate reductase subunit narH between the groups. These results suggest that the abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria is reduced in the oral microbiota of women who later develop preeclampsia, indicating a potential pathway for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Altemani
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helen L. Barrett
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (H.L.B.); (H.D.M.)
| | - Leonie K. Callaway
- Department of Obstetric Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - H. David McIntyre
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; (H.L.B.); (H.D.M.)
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-73-365-4633
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29
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Wang Y, Chen W, Zhou J, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang Y. Nitrate Metabolism and Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease: A Narrative Review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:735181. [PMID: 35309590 PMCID: PMC8927699 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.735181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic and organic nitrates are present in vivo and in vitro. Inorganic nitrate is considered a pool of nitric oxide (NO), but it can be converted into nitrite and NO through various mechanisms. It plays an important role in the regulation of complex physiological and biochemical reactions, such as anti-inflammatory processes and the inhibition of platelet aggregation, which are closely related to the pathology and treatment of cerebrovascular disease. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is characterized by high incidence, recurrence, and disability rates. Nitrate, nitrite, and NO were recently found to be involved in cerebrovascular disease. In this review, we describe the relationship between cerebrovascular disease and nitrate metabolism to provide a basis for further advances in laboratory and clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
- School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Wang
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing, China
- Yilong Wang
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30
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LaMonte MJ, Gordon JH, Diaz-Moreno P, Andrews CA, Shimbo D, Hovey KM, Buck MJ, Wactawski-Wende J. Oral Microbiome Is Associated With Incident Hypertension Among Postmenopausal Women. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e021930. [PMID: 35234044 PMCID: PMC9075295 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Oral microbiota are thought to influence blood pressure (BP) regulation. However, epidemiological data supporting this hypothesis are limited. We examined associations between oral microbiota, BP, and incident hypertension in postmenopausal women. Methods and Results Baseline (1997–2001) examinations were completed on 1215 women (mean age, 63 years) during which subgingival plaque was collected, BP was measured, and medical and lifestyle histories and medication inventory were obtained. Microbiome composition of subgingival plaque was measured using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Baseline measured BP was defined as normotensive (systolic <120 mm Hg and diastolic <80 mm Hg, no BP medication use; n=429); elevated (systolic ≥120 mm Hg or diastolic ≥80 mm Hg, no medication use; n=306); or prevalent treated hypertension (history of physician diagnosis treated with medications; n=480). Incident hypertension (375 cases among 735 without baseline treated hypertension) was defined as newly physician‐diagnosed hypertension treated with medication reported on annual health surveys (mean follow‐up, 10.4 years). Cross‐sectional analysis identified 47 bacterial species (of 245 total) that differed significantly according to baseline BP status (P<0.05). Prospective analysis identified 15 baseline bacterial species significantly (P<0.05) associated with incident hypertension: 10 positively (age‐adjusted hazard ratios [HRs], 1.10–1.16 per SD in bacterial abundance) and 5 inversely (HRs, 0.82–0.91) associated. Associations were materially unchanged after further adjustment for demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors; were similar when analysis was restricted to the normotensive group; and were of consistent magnitudes between strata of baseline age, smoking, body mass index, and BP categories. Conclusions Specific oral bacteria are associated with baseline BP status and risk of hypertension development among postmenopausal women. Research to confirm these observations and elucidate mechanisms is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health University at Buffalo-SUNY Buffalo NY
| | - Joshua H Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health University at Buffalo-SUNY Buffalo NY
| | - Patricia Diaz-Moreno
- Department of Oral Biology and Buffalo Microbiome Center University at Buffalo-SUNY Buffalo NY
| | | | - Daichi Shimbo
- Department of Medicine Columbia University Medical Center New York NY
| | - Kathleen M Hovey
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health University at Buffalo-SUNY Buffalo NY
| | - Michael J Buck
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Biological and Life Sciences Core Laboratory University at Buffalo-SUNY Buffalo NY
| | - J Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health University at Buffalo-SUNY Buffalo NY
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31
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Huffines JT, Stoner SN, Baty JJ, Scoffield JA. Nitrite Triggers Reprogramming of the Oral Polymicrobial Metabolome by a Commensal Streptococcus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:833339. [PMID: 35300375 PMCID: PMC8923425 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.833339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal streptococci regulate health and homeostasis within oral polymicrobial communities. Remarkably, high salivary nitrite concentrations have also been associated with improved health in the oral cavity. We previously demonstrated that nitrite assists hydrogen peroxide-producing oral commensal streptococci in regulating homeostasis via the generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which have antimicrobial activity on oral pathogens. However, it is unknown how nitrite and commensal streptococci work in concert to influence the metabolome of oral polymicrobial communities. In this study, we report that nitrite aids commensal streptococci in the inhibition of multi-kingdom pathogens that reside in distinct oral niches, which supports commensal dominance. More importantly, we show that commensal streptococci utilize nitrite to drive the metabolic signature of multispecies biofilms in a manner that supports commensal metabolism and resistance to RNS, and restricts metabolic processes that are required for pathogen virulence. Taken together, our study provides insight into how commensal streptococci use nitrite to trigger shifts in the oral polymicrobial metabolome to support health and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jessica A. Scoffield
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Negrini TDC, Carlos IZ, Duque C, Caiaffa KS, Arthur RA. Interplay Among the Oral Microbiome, Oral Cavity Conditions, the Host Immune Response, Diabetes Mellitus, and Its Associated-Risk Factors-An Overview. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:697428. [PMID: 35048037 PMCID: PMC8757730 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.697428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review of the literature aimed to investigate the interplay between the oral microbiome, oral cavity conditions, and host immune response in Diabetes mellitus (DM). Moreover, this review also aimed to investigate how DM related risk factors, such as advanced age, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), act in promoting or modifying specific mechanisms that could potentially perpetuate both altered systemic and oral conditions. We found that poorly controlled glycemic index may exert a negative effect on the immune system of affected individuals, leading to a deficient immune response or to an exacerbation of the inflammatory response exacerbating DM-related complications. Hyperglycemia induces alterations in the oral microbiome since poor glycemic control is associated with increased levels and frequencies of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival biofilm of individuals with DM. A bidirectional relationship between periodontal diseases and DM has been suggested: DM patients may have an exaggerated inflammatory response, poor repair and bone resorption that aggravates periodontal disease whereas the increased levels of systemic pro-inflammatory mediators found in individuals affected with periodontal disease exacerbates insulin resistance. SARS-CoV-2 infection may represent an aggravating factor for individuals with DM. Individuals with DM tend to have low salivary flow and a high prevalence of xerostomia, but the association between prevalence/experience of dental caries and DM is still unclear. DM has also been associated to the development of lesions in the oral mucosa, especially potentially malignant ones and those associated with fungal infections. Obesity plays an important role in the induction and progression of DM. Co-affected obese and DM individuals tend to present worse oral health conditions. A decrease in HDL and, an increase in triglycerides bloodstream levels seem to be associated with an increase on the load of periodontopathogens on oral cavity. Moreover, DM may increase the likelihood of halitosis. Prevalence of impaired taste perception and impaired smell recognition tend to be greater in DM patients. An important interplay among oral cavity microbiome, DM, obesity and hypertension has been proposed as the reduction of nitrate into nitrite, in addition to contribute to lowering of blood pressure, reduces oxidative stress and increases insulin secretion, being these effects desirable for the control of obesity and DM. Women with PCOS tend to present a distinct oral microbial composition and an elevated systemic response to selective members of this microbial community, but the association between oral microbiome, PCOS are DM is still unknown. The results of the studies presented in this review suggest the interplay among the oral microbiome, oral cavity conditions, host immune response and DM and some of the DM associated risk factors exist. DM individuals need to be encouraged and motivated for an adequate oral health care. In addition, these results show the importance of adopting multidisciplinary management of DM and of strengthening physicians-dentists relationship focusing on both systemic and on oral cavity conditions of DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Cássia Negrini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Karina Sampaio Caiaffa
- Department of Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alex Arthur
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Fernández AI, Bermejo J, Yotti R, Martínez-Gonzalez MÁ, Mira A, Gophna U, Karlsson R, Al-Daccak R, Martín-Demiguel I, Gutiérrez-Ibanes E, Charron D, Fernández-Avilés F. The impact of Mediterranean diet on coronary plaque vulnerability, microvascular function, inflammation and microbiome after an acute coronary syndrome: study protocol for the MEDIMACS randomized, controlled, mechanistic clinical trial. Trials 2021; 22:795. [PMID: 34772433 PMCID: PMC8588729 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary prevention trials have demonstrated that the traditional Mediterranean diet is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, this benefit has not been proven for secondary prevention after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We hypothesized that a high-intensity Mediterranean diet intervention after an ACS decreases the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques by complex interactions between anti-inflammatory effects, microbiota changes and modulation of gene expression. Methods The MEDIMACS project is an academically funded, prospective, randomized, controlled and mechanistic clinical trial designed to address the effects of an active randomized intervention with the Mediterranean diet on atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, coronary endothelial dysfunction and other mechanistic endpoints. One hundred patients with ACS are randomized 1:1 to a monitored high-intensity Mediterranean diet intervention or to a standard-of-care arm. Adherence to diet is assessed in both arms using food frequency questionnaires and biomarkers of compliance. The primary endpoint is the change (from baseline to 12 months) in the thickness of the fibrous cap of a non-significant atherosclerotic plaque in a non-culprit vessel, as assessed by repeated optical coherence tomography intracoronary imaging. Indices of coronary vascular physiology and changes in gastrointestinal microbiota, immunological status and protein and metabolite profiles will be evaluated as secondary endpoints. Discussion The results of this trial will address the key effects of dietary habits on atherosclerotic risk and will provide initial data on the complex interplay of immunological, microbiome-, proteome- and metabolome-related mechanisms by which non-pharmacological factors may impact the progression of coronary atherosclerosis after an ACS. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT03842319. Registered on 13 May 2019 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-021-05746-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Fernández
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bermejo
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Yotti
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-Gonzalez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA, CIBEROBN, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, CSISP-FISABIO, and CIBERESP, Valencia, Spain
| | - Uri Gophna
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roger Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy of the University of Gothenburg; Sweden Nanoxis Consulting AB; Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Reem Al-Daccak
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS-97f, Université Paris-Diderot, HLA et Médecine, Labex Transplantex, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Irene Martín-Demiguel
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Gutiérrez-Ibanes
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dominique Charron
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS-97f, Université Paris-Diderot, HLA et Médecine, Labex Transplantex, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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Broeder CE, Flores V, Julian B, Wojan F, Tauber R, Schubert L, Salacinski A, Ivy JL. Nitric oxide enhancement supplement containing beet nitrite and nitrate benefits high intensity cycle interval training. Curr Res Physiol 2021; 4:183-191. [PMID: 34746837 PMCID: PMC8562140 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a beet nitric oxide enhancing (NOE) supplement comprised of nitrite and nitrate on cycling performance indices in trained cyclists. METHODS Subjects completed a lactate threshold test and a high-intensity interval (HIIT) protocol at 50% above functional threshold power with or without oral NOE supplement. RESULTS NOE supplementation enhanced lactate threshold by 7.2% (Placebo = 191.6 ± 37.3 W, NOE = 205.3 ± 39.9; p = 0.01; Effect Size (ES) = 0.40). During the HIIT protocol, NOE supplementation improved time to exhaustion 18% (Placebo = 1251 ± 562s, NOE = 1474 ± 504s; p = 0.02; ES = 0.42) and total energy expended 22.3% (Placebo = 251 ± 48.6 kJ, NOE = 306.6 ± 55.2 kJ; p = 0.01; ES = 1.079). NOE supplementation increased the intervals completed (Placebo = 7.00 ± 2.5, NOE = 8.14 ± 2.4; p = 0.03; ES = 0.42) and distance cycled (Placebo = 10.9 ± 4.0 km, NOE = 13.5 ± 3.9 km; p = 0.01; ES = 0.65). Also, target power was achieved at a higher cadence during the HIIT work and rest periods (p = 0.02), which enhanced muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) recovery. Time-to-fatigue was negatively correlated with the degree of SmO2, desaturation during the HIIT work interval segment (r = -0.67; p 0.008), while both SmO2 desaturation and the SmO2 starting work segment saturation level correlated with a cyclist's kJ expended (SmO2 desaturation: r = -0.51, p = 0.06; SmO2 starting saturation: r = 0.59, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION NOE supplementation containing beet nitrite and nitrate enhanced submaximal (lactate threshold) and HIIT maximal effort work. The NOE supplementation resulted in a cyclist riding at higher cadence rates with lower absolute torque values at the same power during both the work and rest periods, which in-turn delayed over-all fatigue and improved total work output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Broeder
- Exercising Nutritionally, LLC, United States.,Northern Illinois University, United States
| | | | - Bill Julian
- Exercising Nutritionally, LLC, United States
| | - Frank Wojan
- Exercising Nutritionally, LLC, United States.,University of Texas at Austin, United States
| | | | | | - Amanda Salacinski
- Exercising Nutritionally, LLC, United States.,Westfield State University, United States
| | - John L Ivy
- University of Texas at Austin, United States
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Sabharwal A, Stellrecht E, Scannapieco FA. Associations between dental caries and systemic diseases: a scoping review. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:472. [PMID: 34563194 PMCID: PMC8466895 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate and present evidence from animal and human clinical studies on associations between dental caries and systemic diseases, and to suggest potential mechanisms that might explain such associations. METHODS An electronic search was conducted of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for articles published from 2010 to 2020 in the English language. From the initial search, 404 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility. After excluding studies for technical and study limitations, a total of 67 studies were included in the summary tables and additional studies were included in the review to support evidence. RESULTS Few systemic disease and conditions were found to be clinically meaningfully associated with caries experience. Best evidence from human and animal studies described association between metabolic diseases and dental caries. Several interesting animal studies were noted that could generate clinical hypotheses and further investigations in rodent models for cardiovascular injury and hyperglycemia. Inadequate data was found to suggest any modifications to current clinical practice or prevention guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Limited clinical evidence was found connecting several systemic diseases and dental caries. Inadequate data was found to suggest any modifications to current clinical practice or prevention guidelines. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding of associations between dental caries and systemic diseases play a crucial role in the treatment planning and education of the dental patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarpreet Sabharwal
- Division of Periodontics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, DSB 0156A, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1 Canada
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Elizabeth Stellrecht
- Health Sciences Library University at Buffalo, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
| | - Frank A. Scannapieco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA
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Batista RIM, Nogueira RC, Ferreira GC, Oliveira-Paula GH, Damacena-Angelis C, Pinheiro LC, Tanus-Santos JE. Antiseptic mouthwash inhibits antihypertensive and vascular protective effects of L-arginine. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174314. [PMID: 34245745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
L-arginine supplementation increases nitric oxide (NO) formation and bioavailability in hypertension. We tested the possibility that many effects of L-arginine are mediated by increased formation of NO and enhanced nitrite, nitrate and nitrosylated species concentrations, thus stimulating the enterosalivary cycle of nitrate. Those effects could be prevented by antiseptic mouthwash. We examined how the derangement of the enterosalivary cycle of nitrate affects the improvement of endothelial dysfunction (assessed with isolated aortic ring preparation), the antihypertensive (assessed by tail-cuff blood pressure measurement) and the antioxidant effects (assessed with the fluorescent dye DHE) of L-arginine in two-kidney, one-clip hypertension model in rats by using chlorhexidine to decrease the number of oral bacteria and to decrease nitrate reductase activity assessed from the tongue (by ozone-based chemiluminiscence assay). Nitrite, nitrate and nitrosylated species concentrations were assessed (ozone-based chemiluminiscence). Chlorhexidine mouthwash reduced the number of oral bacteria and tended to decrease the nitrate reductase activity from the tongue. Antiseptic mouthwash blunted the improvement of the endothelial dysfunction and the antihypertensive effects of L-arginine, impaired L-arginine-induced increases in plasma nitrite and nitrosylated species concentrations, and blunted L-arginine-induced increases in aortic nitrate concentrations and vascular antioxidant effects. Our results show for the first time that the vascular and antihypertensive effects of L-arginine are prevented by antiseptic mouthwash. These findings show an important new mechanism that should be taken into consideration to explain how the use of antibacterial mouth rinse may affect arterial blood pressure and the risk of developing cardiovascular and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose I M Batista
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato C Nogueira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziele C Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Célio Damacena-Angelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Li Y, Cui J, Liu Y, Chen K, Huang L, Liu Y. Oral, Tongue-Coating Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders: A Novel Area of Interactive Research. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:730203. [PMID: 34490384 PMCID: PMC8417575 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.730203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between colonizing microbiota and the host have been fully confirmed, among which the tongue-coating microbiota have a moderate rate of renewal and disease sensitivity and are easily obtained, making them an ideal research subject. Oral microbiota disorders are related to diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other systemic diseases. As an important part of the oral cavity, tongue-coating microbiota can promote gastritis and digestive system tumors, affecting the occurrence and development of multiple chronic diseases. Common risk factors include diet, age, and immune status, among others. Metabolic regulatory mechanisms may be similar between the tongue and gut microbiota. Tongue-coating microbiota can be transferred to the respiratory or digestive tract and create a new balance with local microorganisms, together with the host epithelial cells forming a biological barrier. This barrier is involved in the production and circulation of nitric oxide (NO) and the function of taste receptors, forming the oral-gut-brain axis (similar to the gut-brain axis). At present, the disease model and mechanism of tongue-coating microbiota affecting metabolism have not been widely studied, but they have tremendous potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- The Second Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Brookes ZLS, Belfield LA, Ashworth A, Casas-Agustench P, Raja M, Pollard AJ, Bescos R. Effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral microbiome. J Dent 2021; 113:103768. [PMID: 34418463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a commonly used mouthwash with potent anti-microbial effects useful for the management of oral disease. However, we are moving away from the view of simply 'killing' bacteria, towards managing oral microbial ecosystems (oral microbiome), as an integrated system, to promote oral and systemic health. Here, we aimed to review the effects of CHX mouthwash on the balance of microbial communities in the mouth in vivo in oral health and disease. SOURCES AND STUDY SECTION The hierarchy of evidence was applied, with systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials consulted where available and case controlled studies being described thereafter. Search terms for each subject category were entered into MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane database. Focussing on metagenomics studies provides unique overview of the oral microbiome as an integrated system. DATA Evidence was limited, but several next generation sequencing case-controlled studies suggested that in an integrated system, CHX may cause a shift towards lower bacterial diversity and abundance, in particular nitrate-reducing bacteria in vivo. CHX also appeared to alter salivary pH, lactate, nitrate and nitrite concentrations in saliva. Evidence regarding the effects of CHX on the oral microbiome during oral disease is still emerging. CONCLUSIONS CHX alters the composition the oral microbiome. However, as CHX use remains widespread in dentistry to manage oral disease, urgent research using metagenomics studies of microbial communities in vivo are still needed to determine CHX mouthwash is 'good', 'bad' or otherwise for bacteria, in the context of oral and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë L S Brookes
- Peninsula Dental School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Louise A Belfield
- Peninsula Dental School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Ashworth
- Institute of Health & Community, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Casas-Agustench
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Department of Health Sciences, Open University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alexander J Pollard
- Peninsula Dental School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
| | - Raul Bescos
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom.
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Sinha R, Zhao N, Goedert JJ, Byrd DA, Wan Y, Hua X, Hullings AG, Knight R, Breda SV, Mathijs K, de Kok TM, Ward MH. Effects of processed meat and drinking water nitrate on oral and fecal microbial populations in a controlled feeding study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111084. [PMID: 33785324 PMCID: PMC8388086 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One mechanism that can explain the link between processed meat consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) is the production of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) in the gastrointestinal tract. Oral and gut microbes metabolize ingested proteins (a source of secondary and tertiary amines and amides) and can reduce nitrate to nitrite, generating potentially carcinogenic NOCs. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether nitrate/nitrite in processed meat or water influences the fecal or salivary microbiota. DESIGN In this dietary intervention study, 63 volunteers consumed diets high in conventional processed meats for two weeks, switched to diets high in poultry for two weeks, and then consumed phytochemical-enriched conventional processed or low-nitrite processed meat diets for two weeks. During the intervention, they drank water with low nitrate concentrations and consumed a healthy diet with low antioxidants. Then the volunteers drank nitrate-enriched water for 1 week, in combination with one of the four different diets. We measured creatinine-adjusted urinary nitrate levels and characterized the oral and fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. RESULTS Using linear mixed models, we found that, compared to baseline, urinary nitrate levels were reduced during the phytochemical-enriched low-nitrite meat diet (p-value = 0.009) and modestly during the poultry diet (p-value = 0.048). In contrast, urinary nitrate increased after 1-week of drinking nitrate-enriched water (p-value<10-5). Nitrate-enriched water, but not processed meats with or without phytochemicals, altered the saliva microbial population (p-value ≤0.001), and significantly increased abundance of 8 bacterial taxa, especially genus Neisseria and other nitrate-reducing taxa. Meats, phytochemicals and nitrate-enriched water had no significant effects on saliva alpha diversity or any diversity parameter measured for the fecal microbiota. CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that drinking high nitrate water increases oral nitrate-reducing bacteria, which likely results in increased NOC. However, meat nitrate/nitrite at the levels tested had no effect on either the gut or oral bacteria. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT04138654.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Doratha A Byrd
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yunhu Wan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xing Hua
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Autumn G Hullings
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Departments of Pediatrics, Bioengineering, and Computer Science & Engineering, and Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Simone van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Karen Mathijs
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mary H Ward
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ishimwe JA. Maternal microbiome in preeclampsia pathophysiology and implications on offspring health. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14875. [PMID: 34042284 PMCID: PMC8157769 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a devastating hypertensive pregnancy disorder that currently affects 2%–8% of pregnancies worldwide. It is associated with maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity and adverse health outcomes both in mom and offspring beyond pregnancy. The pathophysiology is not completely understood, and there are no approved therapies to specifically treat for the disease, with only few therapies approved to manage symptoms. Recent advances suggest that aberrations in the composition of the microbiome may play a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases including preeclampsia. The maternal and uteroplacental environments greatly influence the long‐term health outcomes of the offspring through developmental programming mechanisms. The current review summarizes recent developments on the role of the microbiome in adverse pregnancy outcomes with a focus on preeclampsia. It also discusses the potential role of the maternal microbiome in fetal programming; explores gut‐targeted therapeutics advancement and their implications in the treatment of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne A Ishimwe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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Periodontitis, Blood Pressure, and the Risk and Control of Arterial Hypertension: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Pathophysiological Aspects-Review of the Literature and Clinical Trials. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:27. [PMID: 33961166 PMCID: PMC8105217 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Arterial hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In the world, about 45% of people suffer from arterial hypertension, while good blood pressure control is achieved by only approximately 50% of all hypertensive patients treated. The reason for the high prevalence of arterial hypertension and its poor control is low knowledge of hypertensinogenic factors. One such factor is periodontitis, which is a disease of social importance. Recent Findings It has been shown that the occurrence of periodontitis leads to an increase in blood pressure, increasing the risk of arterial hypertension. Periodontitis can also lead to ineffectiveness of antihypertensive treatment. Some interventional studies have shown that treatment of periodontitis reduced blood pressure in patients with arterial hypertension. The pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in periodontitis is complex and concerns mainly the impairment of the vasodilatation properties of the endothelium. Summary Hygiene and periodontitis treatment should be a method of preventing arterial hypertension and a method of increasing the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment.
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Multiple Brain Abscesses of Odontogenic Origin. May Oral Microbiota Affect Their Development? A Review of the Current Literature. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11083316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, the role of oral microbiota in the setting of oral diseases such as caries, periodontal disease, oral cancer and systemic infections, including rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease and brain abscess (BA), has attracted the attention of physicians and researchers. Approximately 5–7% of all BAs have an odontogenic origin, representing an important pathological systemic condition with a high morbidity and mortality. A systematic search of two databases (Pubmed and Ovid EMBASE) was performed for studies published up to 5 January 2021, reporting multiple BAs attributed to an odontogenic origin. According to PRISMA guidelines, we included a total of 16 papers reporting multiple BAs due to odontogenic infections. The aim of this review is to investigate the treatment modality and the clinical outcome of patients with multiple BAs due to odontogenic infections, as well as to identify the most common pathogens involved in this pathological status and their role, in the oral microbiota, in the onset of oral infections. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in the management of multiple BAs. Further studies are required to understand better the role of microbiota in the development of multiple BAs.
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Jockel-Schneider Y, Schlagenhauf U, Stölzel P, Goßner S, Carle R, Ehmke B, Prior K, Hagenfeld D. Nitrate-rich diet alters the composition of the oral microbiota in periodontal recall patients. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1536-1545. [PMID: 33742692 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This follow-up study evaluated microbiome changes in periodontal recall patients after consuming a nitrate-rich diet that led to a marked decrease of gingival inflammation. METHODS Subgingival microbial samples of 37 patients suffering from gingival inflammation with reduced periodontium were taken before professional mechanical plaque removal (baseline) and subsequently after 2 weeks of regularly consuming a lettuce juice beverage (day 14) containing a daily dosage of 200 mg of nitrate (test group, n = 18) or being void of nitrate (placebo group, n = 19). Three hundred base pairs paired-end sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rDNA was performed. RESULTS At baseline, there were no significant differences about the bacterial diversity parameters between the groups (Mann-Whitney U test). After intervention in the test group, Rothia and Neisseria, including species reducing nitrate, increased significantly (negative binomial regression model). Alpha diversity decreased significantly from 115.69 ± 24.30 to 96.42 ± 24.82 aRSVs/sample (P = 0.04, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), accompanied by a significant change in beta diversity (P < 0.001, PERMANOVA). In the control group, however, no genus changed significantly, and alpha-, as well as beta-diversity did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS The decrease of gingival inflammation in periodontal recall patients induced by a nitrate-rich diet is accompanied by significant compositional changes within the subgingival microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Jockel-Schneider
- Division of Periodontology, University Hospital of Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schlagenhauf
- Division of Periodontology, University Hospital of Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peggy Stölzel
- Division of Periodontology, University Hospital of Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Goßner
- Institute of Food Technology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Reinhold Carle
- Institute of Food Technology, Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.,Faculty of Science, Biological Science Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Benjamin Ehmke
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Karola Prior
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Hagenfeld
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Vanhatalo A, L'Heureux JE, Kelly J, Blackwell JR, Wylie LJ, Fulford J, Winyard PG, Williams DW, van der Giezen M, Jones AM. Network analysis of nitrate-sensitive oral microbiome reveals interactions with cognitive function and cardiovascular health across dietary interventions. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101933. [PMID: 33721836 PMCID: PMC7970425 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many oral bacteria reduce inorganic nitrate, a natural part of a vegetable-rich diet, into nitrite that acts as a precursor to nitric oxide, a regulator of vascular tone and neurotransmission. Aging is hallmarked by reduced nitric oxide production with associated detriments to cardiovascular and cognitive function. This study applied a systems-level bacterial co-occurrence network analysis across 10-day dietary nitrate and placebo interventions to test the stability of relationships between physiological and cognitive traits and clusters of co-occurring oral bacteria in older people. Relative abundances of Proteobacteria increased, while Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Fusobacteria decreased after nitrate supplementation. Two distinct microbiome modules of co-occurring bacteria, that were sensitive to nitrate supplementation, showed stable relationships with cardiovascular (Rothia-Streptococcus) and cognitive (Neisseria-Haemophilus) indices of health across both dietary conditions. A microbiome module (Prevotella-Veillonella) that has been associated with pro-inflammatory metabolism was diminished after nitrate supplementation, including a decrease in relative abundance of pathogenic Clostridium difficile. These nitrate-sensitive oral microbiome modules are proposed as potential pre- and probiotic targets to ameliorate age-induced impairments in cardiovascular and cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Vanhatalo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK.
| | | | - James Kelly
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Jamie R Blackwell
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Lee J Wylie
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Jonathan Fulford
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Paul G Winyard
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | | | - Mark van der Giezen
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Andrew M Jones
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
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Deng Y, Huang C, Su J, Pan CW, Ke C. Identification of biomarkers for essential hypertension based on metabolomics. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:382-395. [PMID: 33495028 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM Essential hypertension (EH) is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of EH is unclear and early diagnostic methods are lacking. Metabolomics demonstrates great potential for biomarker discovery and the mechanistic exploration of metabolic diseases. DATA SYNTHESIS This review included human and animal metabolomics studies related to EH in the PubMed and Web of Science databases between February 1996 and May 2020. The study designs, EH standards, and reported metabolic biomarkers were systematically examined and compared. The pathway analysis was conducted through the online software MetaboAnalyst 4.0. Twenty-two human studies and fifteen animal studies were included in this systematic review. There were many frequently reported biomarkers with consistent trends (e.g., pyruvate, lactic acid, valine, and tryptophan) in human and animal studies, and thus had potential as biomarkers of EH. In addition, several shared metabolic pathways, including alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and arginine biosynthesis, were identified in human and animal metabolomics studies. These biomarkers and pathways, closely related to insulin resistance, the inflammatory state, and impaired nitric oxide production, were demonstrated to contribute to EH development. CONCLUSIONS This study summarized valuable metabolic biomarkers and pathways that could offer opportunities for the early diagnosis or prediction of EH and the discovery of the metabolic mechanisms of EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueting Deng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Chen Huang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Jingyue Su
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Chaofu Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
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Saito S, Aoki Y, Tamahara T, Goto M, Matsui H, Kawashima J, Danjoh I, Hozawa A, Kuriyama S, Suzuki Y, Fuse N, Kure S, Yamashita R, Tanabe O, Minegishi N, Kinoshita K, Tsuboi A, Shimizu R, Yamamoto M. Oral Microbiome Analysis in Prospective Genome Cohort Studies of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:604596. [PMID: 33585276 PMCID: PMC7878372 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.604596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A baseline oral microbiome study of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (TMM) was planned to characterize the profile of the oral microbiome in the Japanese population. The study also aimed to clarify risk factors for multifactorial diseases by integrated analysis of the oral microbiome and host genome/omics information. From 2013 to 2016, we collected three types of oral biospecimens, saliva, supragingival plaque, and tongue swab, from a total of 25,101 participants who had a dental examination in TMM. In this study, we used two independent cohorts; the Community-Based Cohort and Birth and Three-Generation Cohort as discovery and validation cohorts, respectively, and we selected participants examined by a single dentist. We found through the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing analysis of 834 participants of the Community-Based Cohort Study that there are differences in the microbial composition and community structure between saliva and plaque. The species diversities in both saliva and plaque were increased in correlation with the severity of periodontal disease. These results were nicely reproduced in the analysis of 455 participants of the Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. In addition, strong positive and negative associations of microbial taxa in both plaque and saliva with periodontitis-associated biofilm formation were detected by co-occurrence network analysis. The classes Actinobacteria and Bacilli, including oral health-associated bacterial species, showed a positive correlation in saliva. These results revealed differences in microbial composition and community structure between saliva and plaque and a correlation between microbial species and the severity of periodontal disease. We expect that the large database of the oral microbiome in the TMM biobank will help in the discovery of novel targets for the treatment and prevention of oral diseases, as well as for the discovery of therapeutic and/or preventive targets of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakae Saito
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aoki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toru Tamahara
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Maki Goto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsui
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Kawashima
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Inaho Danjoh
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichi Suzuki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Fuse
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Riu Yamashita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Osamu Tanabe
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Biosample Research Center, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoko Minegishi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akito Tsuboi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Shimizu
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Rozov RA, Cheburanova NN, Severova OM, Pervukhina NA, Soprun LA. [Emergency dental care for adults and children with a new coronavirus infection caused by SARS-Cov-2 at an out-patients dental clinic in a megapolis]. STOMATOLOGIIA 2021; 100:88-97. [PMID: 34357735 DOI: 10.17116/stomat202110004188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the article presented data about organization of the medical care over a period of 10 months at the Municipal Public Dental clinic in the metropolitan city such as Saint-Petersburg to the patients diagnosed with new coronavirus infection. AIM Organization of the medical ambulatory care to the patients diagnosed with new coronavirus infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Layout decisions were utilized that enabled to organize the reception of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 without disrupting the scheduled mode of treatment of the dental patients. Saint Petersburg Budgetary Healthcare Facility «Municipal Dental Clinic N 33» provided dental service to 191 patients with COVID-19. RESULTS Whereas 159 patients were admitted for treatment at the contagious isolation ward, 89 patients were consulted via the use of telehealth technology and among them 39 received telemedical assistance service. Mean age of the patients treated in the isolated ward: children 8.6±3.6, adults 39.1±13.8 years. People of active working age comprised 72% of all adult patients. Males filed for dental assistance more than females (54%). ICD K04.5 was established diagnosis in 52% of cases. CONCLUSIONS We managed to demonstrate high efficiency in utilizing telehealth technology. An issue of organizing medical dental care at the II level healthcare institution for adult population and for children diagnosed with new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in the heavy populated metropolis was solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Rozov
- City Dental Clinic No. 33, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - O M Severova
- City Dental Clinic No. 33, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - L A Soprun
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Sohail MU, Hedin L, Al-Asmakh M. Dysbiosis of the Salivary Microbiome is Associated with Hypertension and Correlated with Metabolic Syndrome Biomarkers. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4641-4653. [PMID: 34858042 PMCID: PMC8630402 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s325073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension (HT) is an idiopathic disease with severe complications and a high incidence of global mortality. Although the disease shares characteristic features with diabetes and obesity, the complex interplay of endogenous and environmental factors is not well characterized. The oral microbiome has recently been studied to better understand the role of commensal microorganisms in metabolic disorders, including HT, although its role in disease etiology is unclear. METHODS To bridge this gap, we compared the oral microbiome and clinical chemistry of adult subjects enrolled at Qatar Biobank. Clinical chemistry was performed using Roche Cobas-6000 analyzer. Saliva samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing using Illumina MiSeq platform. Cross-gender comparisons were made between control (males/females) (C-M and C-F) and HT (HT-M and HT-F) groups. RESULTS The HT groups had higher (p ≤ 0.05) BMI, plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations. Triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and sodium ions were similar among the groups. The microbiome was predominantly occupied by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Firmicutes were higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the HT groups, whereas Proteobacteria was only higher in the C-F group. Prevotella and Veillonella were significantly higher in the HT groups and exhibited a positive correlation with blood pressure and hyperglycemia. In contrast to other studies, the mathematical summation of priori-select microbes reveals that nitrate-reducing microbes were higher in the HT groups compared with the controls. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these observations suggest a strong association of HT with microbial dysbiosis, where microbial species other than nitrate-reducing microbes contribute to blood pressure regulation. The findings affirm plausible microbial signatures of hypertension and suggest manipulating these microbes as a novel treatment modality. Future experiments are warranted for the mechanistic investigation of hypertension metagenomics and microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Hedin
- The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services, Molde Kommune, 6413, Norway
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence: Maha Al-Asmakh Tel +974 4403 4789Fax +974-4403-1351 Email
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the health benefits of dietary nitrates including lowering blood pressure and enhancing cardiovascular health. Although commensal oral bacteria play an important role in converting dietary nitrate to nitrite, very little is known about the potential role of these bacteria in blood pressure regulation and maintenance of vascular tone. The main purpose of this review is to present the current evidence on the involvement of the oral microbiome in mediating the beneficial effects of dietary nitrate on vascular function and to identify sources of inter-individual differences in bacterial composition. A systematic approach was used to identify the relevant articles published on PubMed and Web of Science in English from January 1950 until September 2019 examining the effects of dietary nitrate on oral microbiome composition and association with blood pressure and vascular tone. To date, only a limited number of studies have been conducted, with nine in human subjects and three in animals focusing mainly on blood pressure. In general, elimination of oral bacteria with use of a chlorhexidine-based antiseptic mouthwash reduced the conversion of nitrate to nitrite and was accompanied in some studies by an increase in blood pressure in normotensive subjects. In conclusion, our findings suggest that oral bacteria may play an important role in mediating the beneficial effects of nitrate-rich foods on blood pressure. Further human intervention studies assessing the potential effects of dietary nitrate on oral bacteria composition and relationship to real-time measures of vascular function are needed, particularly in individuals with hypertension and those at risk of developing CVD.
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Bacterial diversity and functional analysis of severe early childhood caries and recurrence in India. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21248. [PMID: 33277566 PMCID: PMC7718907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease affecting nearly 70% of children in India and elsewhere. Micro-ecological niche based acidification due to dysbiosis in oral microbiome are crucial for caries onset and progression. Here we report the tooth bacteriome diversity compared in Indian children with caries free (CF), severe early childhood caries (SC) and recurrent caries (RC). High quality V3–V4 amplicon sequencing revealed that SC exhibited high bacterial diversity with unique combination and interrelationship. Gracillibacteria_GN02 and TM7 were unique in CF and SC respectively, while Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria were significantly high in RC. Interestingly, we found Streptococcus oralis subsp. tigurinus clade 071 in all groups with significant abundance in SC and RC. Positive correlation between low and high abundant bacteria as well as with TCS, PTS and ABC transporters were seen from co-occurrence network analysis. This could lead to persistence of SC niche resulting in RC. Comparative in vitro assessment of biofilm formation showed that the standard culture of S. oralis and its phylogenetically similar clinical isolates showed profound biofilm formation and augmented the growth and enhanced biofilm formation in S. mutans in both dual and multispecies cultures.
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