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Naraki K, Keshavarzi M, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. The Protective Effects of Taurine, a Non-essential Amino Acid, Against Metals Toxicities: A Review Article. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04191-8. [PMID: 38735894 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Taurine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid derived from cysteine. It is involved in several phenomena such as the regulation of growth and differentiation, osmoregulation, neurohormonal modulation, and lipid metabolism. Taurine is important because of its high levels in several tissues such as the central nervous system (CNS), heart, skeletal muscles, retinal membranes, and platelets. In this report, we present the functional properties of taurine indicating that it has potential effects on various metal toxicities. Therefore, a comprehensive literature review was performed using the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. According to the search keywords, 61 articles were included in the study. The results indicate that taurine protects tissues against metal toxicity through enhancement of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, modulation of oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, involvement in different molecular pathways, and interference with the activity of various enzymes. Taken together, taurine is a natural supplement that presents antitoxic effects against many types of compounds, especially metals, suggesting public consumption of this amino acid as a prophylactic agent against the incidence of metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Naraki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Keshavarzi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Mortada WI, El-Naggar A, Mosa A, Palansooriya KN, Yousaf B, Tang R, Wang S, Cai Y, Chang SX. Biogeochemical behaviour and toxicology of chromium in the soil-water-human nexus: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138804. [PMID: 37137390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) affects human health if it accumulates in organs to elevated concentrations. The toxicity risk of Cr in the ecosphere depends upon the dominant Cr species and their bioavailability in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. However, the soil-water-human nexus that controls the biogeochemical behaviour of Cr and its potential toxicity is not fully understood. This paper synthesizes information on different dimensions of Cr ecotoxicological hazards in the soil and water and their subsequent effects on human health. The various routes of environmental exposure of Cr to humans and other organisms are also discussed. Human exposure to Cr(VI) causes both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects via complicated reactions that include oxidative stress, chromosomal and DNA damage, and mutagenesis. Chromium (VI) inhalation can cause lung cancer; however, incidences of other types of cancer following Cr(VI) exposure are low but probable. The non-carcinogenic health consequences of Cr(VI) exposure are primarily respiratory and cutaneous. Research on the biogeochemical behaviour of Cr and its toxicological hazards on human and other biological routes is therefore urgently needed to develop a holistic approach to understanding the soil-water-human nexus that controls the toxicological hazards of Cr and its detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael I Mortada
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ali El-Naggar
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11241, Egypt; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Mosa
- Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | | | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ronggui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 W Huayang Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada.
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Tripathi S, Parmar D, Fathima S, Raval S, Singh G. Coenzyme Q10, Biochanin A and Phloretin Attenuate Cr(VI)-Induced Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage by Stimulating Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in the Experimental Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2427-2441. [PMID: 35953644 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] has emerged as a prevailing environmental and occupational contaminant over the past few decades. However, the knowledge is sparse regarding Cr(VI)-induced neurological aberrations, and its remediation through natural bioactive compounds has not been fully explored. This study intended to probe the possible invigorative effects of nutraceuticals such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), biochanin A (BCA), and phloretin (PHL) on Cr(VI) intoxicated Swiss albino mice with special emphasis on Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 gene expressions. Mice received potassium dichromate (75 ppm) through drinking water and were simultaneously co-treated intraperitoneally with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg), BCA, and PHL (50 mg/kg) each for 30-day treatment period. The statistics highlight the elevated levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl content (PCC) with a concomitant reduction in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiols (TT), catalase (CAT), and cholinesterase activities in the Cr(VI)-exposed mice. The collateral assessment of DNA fragmentation, DNA breakages, and induced histological alterations was in conformity with the above findings in conjugation with the dysregulation in the Nrf2 and associated downstream HO-1 and NQO1 gene expressions. Co-treatment with the selected natural compounds reversed the above-altered parameters significantly, thereby bringing cellular homeostasis in alleviating the Cr(VI)-induced conciliated impairments. Our study demonstrated that the combination of different bioactive compounds shields the brain better against Cr(VI)-induced neurotoxicity by revoking the oxidative stress-associated manifestations. These compounds may represent a new potential combination therapy due to their ability to modulate the cellular antioxidant responses by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway against Cr(VI)-exposed population. HIGHLIGHTS: Cr(VI)-associated heavy metal exposure poses a significant threat to the environment, especially to living organisms. Cr(VI) exposure for 30 days resulted in the free radical's generation that caused neurotoxicity in the Swiss albino mice. Natural compounds such as coenzyme Q10, biochanin A, and phloretin counteracted the neurotoxic effect due to Cr(VI) exposure in scavenging of free radicals by enhancing Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 gene expressions in maintaining the cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Tripathi
- Toxicology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Dharati Parmar
- Toxicology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
| | - Shabrin Fathima
- Toxicology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
| | - Samir Raval
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, 385506, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Toxicology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, 380016, India.
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Zhang Y, Guo T, Ding Y, Wang X, Liu P. Taurine and deferiprone against Al-linked apoptosis in rat hippocampus. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 76:127113. [PMID: 36516571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminium (Al) overload has toxic effects on multiple organ systems, especially the nervous system. Al accumulation in the brain, especially the hippocampus, is an important factor contributing to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Deferiprone (DFP), a metal chelator, is used as a potential treatment for AD. In this study, we investigated the combined effect of taurine and DFP on Al chelation and hippocampal apoptosis in Al-exposed rats, as well as the underlying mechanisms of these effects to explore a possible therapy for AD. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups: negative control group (administered saline), Al-exposure group (administered AlCl3 and saline), and five experimental groups (administered AlCl3 and taurine, varying doses of DFP, or taurine with varying doses of DFP). After 8 weeks of treatment, the rats were sacrificed, and the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TDT)-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect hippocampal apoptotic cells. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to assess the expression of the Bcl2 and Bax genes, and a western blotting assay was used to evaluate BCL2, BAX, and cleaved caspase-3 levels. RESULTS Compared to the negative control group, the number of apoptotic cells in the hippocampus increased, Bcl2 expression significantly decreased, and BAX and cleaved caspase-3 levels increased in the Al-exposure group. The combination of taurine and DFP exerted a protective effect by inhibiting hippocampal cell apoptosis through the BCL2, BAX, and caspase-3 signalling pathways. Compared with the taurine-administered group, the group administered taurine with DFP showed a significantly increased Bcl2 and decreased Bax expression. CONCLUSION The combination of taurine and DFP is a potential candidate for the treatment of AD induced by Al exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Shandong University Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| | - Tingmin Guo
- Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Yun Ding
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.
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Islam S, Kamila S, Chattopadhyay A. Toxic and carcinogenic effects of hexavalent chromium in mammalian cells in vivo and in vitro: a recent update. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2023; 40:282-315. [PMID: 36728911 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2022.2158675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromium VI (Cr (VI)) can cross cell membranes readily and causes the formation of Cr-DNA adducts, genomic damages, elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alteration of survival signaling pathways, as evidenced by the modulation in p53 signaling pathway. Mammals, including humans are exposed to Cr, including Cr (VI), frequently through inhalation, drinking water, and food. Several studies demonstrated that Cr (VI) induces cellular death through apoptosis and autophagy, genotoxicity, functional alteration of mitochondria, endocrine and reproductive impairments. In the present review, studies on deleterious effects of Cr (VI) exposure to mammalian cells (in vivo and in vitro) have been documented. Special attention is paid to the underlying molecular mechanism of Cr (VI) toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehnaz Islam
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sreejata Kamila
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
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Human supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici GR-1 decreases heavy metals levels through modifying the gut microbiota and metabolome. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:63. [PMID: 35974020 PMCID: PMC9381558 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals (HMs) is a threat to human health. Although probiotics can detoxify HMs in animals, their effectiveness and mechanism of action in humans have not been studied well. Therefore, we conducted this randomized, double-blind, controlled trial on 152 occupational workers from the metal industry, an at-risk human population, to explore the effectiveness of probiotic yogurt in reducing HM levels. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: one consumed probiotic yogurt containing the HM-resistant strain Pediococcus acidilactici GR-1 and the other consumed conventional yogurt for 12 weeks. Analysis of metal contents in the blood revealed that the consumption of probiotic yogurt resulted in a higher and faster decrease in copper (34.45%) and nickel (38.34%) levels in the blood than the consumption of conventional yogurt (16.41% and 27.57%, respectively). Metagenomic and metabolomic studies identified a close correlation between gut microbiota (GM) and host metabolism. Significantly enriched members of Blautia and Bifidobacterium correlated positively with the antioxidant capacities of GM and host. Further murine experiments confirmed the essential role of GM and protective effect of GR-1 on the antioxidative role of the intestine against copper. Thus, the use of probiotic yogurt may be an effective and affordable approach for combating toxic metal exposure through the protection of indigenous GM in humans. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ChiCTR2100053222
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Mechanism of chromium-induced toxicity in lungs, liver, and kidney and their ameliorative agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113119. [PMID: 35613529 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal Chromium (Cr), can adversely affect humans and their health if accumulated in organs of the body, such as the lungs, liver, and kidneys. Cr (VI) is highly toxic and has a higher solubility in water than Cr (III). One of the most common routes for Cr exposure is through inhalation and is associated with liver, lung, kidney damage, widespread dermatitis, GI tract damage, human lung cancer, cardiomyopathies, and cardiovascular disease. The increase in ROS production has been attributed to most of the damage caused by Cr toxicity. Cr-induced ROS-mediated oxidative stress has been seen to cause a redox imbalance affecting the antioxidant system balance in the body. The Nrf2 pathway dysregulation has been implicated in the same. Deregulation of histone acetylation and methylation has been observed, together with gene methylation in genes such as p16, MGMT, APC, hMLH1, and also miR-143 repression. Several ultra-structural changes have been observed following Cr (VI)-toxicity, including rough ER dilation, alteration in the mitochondrial membrane and nuclear membrane, pycnotic nuclei formation, and cytoplasm vacuolization. A significant change was observed in the metabolism of lipid, glucose, and the metabolism of protein after exposure to Cr. Cr-toxicity also leads to immune system dysregulations with changes seen in the expression of IL-8, IL-4, IgM, lymphocytes, and leukocytes among others. P53, as well as pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins, are involved in apoptosis. These Cr-induced damages can be alleviated via agents that restore antioxidant balance, regulate Nrf-2 levels, or increase anti-apoptotic proteins while decreasing pro-apoptotic proteins.
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Baliou S, Adamaki M, Ioannou P, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Spandidos DA, Christodoulou I, Kyriakopoulos AM, Zoumpourlis V. Protective role of taurine against oxidative stress (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:605. [PMID: 34184084 PMCID: PMC8240184 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a fundamental mediator of homeostasis that exerts multiple roles to confer protection against oxidant stress. The development of hypertension, muscle/neuro‑associated disorders, hepatic cirrhosis, cardiac dysfunction and ischemia/reperfusion are examples of some injuries that are linked with oxidative stress. The present review gives a comprehensive description of all the underlying mechanisms of taurine, with the aim to explain its anti‑oxidant actions. Taurine is regarded as a cytoprotective molecule due to its ability to sustain normal electron transport chain, maintain glutathione stores, upregulate anti‑oxidant responses, increase membrane stability, eliminate inflammation and prevent calcium accumulation. In parallel, the synergistic effect of taurine with other potential therapeutic modalities in multiple disorders are highlighted. Apart from the results derived from research findings, the current review bridges the gap between bench and bedside, providing mechanistic insights into the biological activity of taurine that supports its potential therapeutic efficacy in clinic. In the future, further clinical studies are required to support the ameliorative effect of taurine against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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Abdoli N, Sadeghian I, Azarpira N, Ommati MM, Heidari R. Taurine mitigates bile duct obstruction-associated cholemic nephropathy: effect on oxidative stress and mitochondrial parameters. Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 7:30-40. [PMID: 34027113 PMCID: PMC8122090 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2021.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Cholestasis is a serious complication affecting other organs such as the liver and kidney. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment are proposed as the primary mechanisms for cholestasis-induced organ injury. Taurine (TAU) is the most abundant free amino acid in the human body, which is not incorporated in the structure of proteins. Several pharmacological effects have been attributed to TAU. It has been reported that TAU effectively mitigated oxidative stress and modulated mitochondrial function. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of TAU on oxidative stress biomarkers and mitochondrial parameters in the kidney of cholestatic animals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bile duct ligated (BDL) rats were used as an antioxidant model of cholestasis. Animals were treated with TAU (500 and 1000 mg/kg, oral) for seven consecutive days. Animals were anesthetized (thiopental 80 mg/kg, i.p.), and kidney and blood specimens were collected. RESULTS Severe elevation in serum and urine biomarkers of renal injury was evident in the BDL group. Significant lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and protein carbonylation were detected in the kidney of BDL animals. Furthermore, depleted glutathione reservoirs and a significant decrease in the antioxidant capacity of renal tissue were detected in cholestatic rats. Renal tubular atrophy and interstitial inflammation were evident in BDL animals. Cholestasis also caused significant mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney. TAU significantly prevented cholestasis-induced renal injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate TAU as a potential therapeutic agent in the management of cholestasis-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Abdoli
- Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran
| | - Issa Sadeghian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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An overview on the potential mechanisms of action of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in hexavalent chromium-induced toxicity. Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Khalaf AA, Hassanen EI, Ibrahim MA, Tohamy AF, Aboseada MA, Hassan HM, Zaki AR. Rosmarinic acid attenuates chromium-induced hepatic and renal oxidative damage and DNA damage in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22579. [PMID: 32662917 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hexavelant chromium (Cr (V1)) is a widely distributed environmental pollutant inducing damage in different organs of human and animals. The current study was designed to investigate the mechanistic role of rosmarinic acid (RA) to diminish chromium-induced hepatorenal oxidative damage and preneoplastic lesions in rats. Plant material was collected, identified, and extracted. The isolated RA was elucidated relying on the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats received the following materials daily via oral gavage for 60 days; (Gp1): normal saline, (Gp2) 25 mg/kg.bwt RA, (Gp3) 10 mg/kg.bwt potassium dichromate (K2 Cr2 O7 ), (Gp4) K2 Cr2 O7 + RA. All rats were euthanized at the end of the experiment by cervical dislocation and the liver and kidney were collected. Prolonged continuous exposure of rats to chromium-induced oxidant/antioxidant imbalance manifested by significant elevation of malondialdehyde with reduction in reduced glutathione levels. Remarkable histopathological alterations in the liver and kidney tissue sections were recorded and confirmed by overexpression of the immunohistochemical staining of caspase-3, placental glutathione-S transferase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen together with a significant downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene and upregulation of nibrin gene. Observable improvements in the entire toxicopathological parameters were recorded in group cotreated with RA. Our findings revealed that Cr-induced preneoplastic lesions on the liver and kidney tissues of rats when exposed daily for long period of time, as well as confirmed the ability of RA to alleviate this toxicity through upregulation of Nrf2 pathway and its powerful antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azem A Khalaf
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman I Hassanen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel F Tohamy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Highest Colleges of Technology, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmoud A Aboseada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amr R Zaki
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Baliou S, Kyriakopoulos AM, Spandidos DA, Zoumpourlis V. Role of taurine, its haloamines and its lncRNA TUG1 in both inflammation and cancer progression. On the road to therapeutics? (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:631-664. [PMID: 32705269 PMCID: PMC7384849 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For one century, taurine is considered as an end product of sulfur metabolism. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effect of taurine, its haloamines and taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) in both cancer and inflammation. We outline how taurine or its haloamines (N‑Bromotaurine or N‑Chlorotaurine) can induce robust and efficient responses against inflammatory diseases, providing insight into their molecular mechanisms. We also provide information about the use of taurine as a therapeutic approach to cancer. Taurine can be combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs, not only mediating durable responses in various malignancies, but also circumventing the limitations met from chemotherapeutic drugs, thus improving the therapeutic outcome. Interestingly, the lncRNA TUG1 is regarded as a promising therapeutic approach, which can overcome acquired resistance of cancer cells to selected strategies. In this regard, we can translate basic knowledge about taurine and its TUG1 lncRNA into potential therapeutic options directed against specific oncogenic signaling targets, thereby bridging the gap between bench and bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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Abd-Elhakim YM, Ghoneim MH, Ebraheim LLM, Imam TS. Taurine and hesperidin rescues carbon tetrachloride-triggered testicular and kidney damage in rats via modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. Life Sci 2020; 254:117782. [PMID: 32407847 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study assessed the prophylactic or therapeutic effects of taurine (TR) and/or hesperidin (HES) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced acute kidney and testicular injury in rats. MAIN METHODS Rats were randomly divided into nine experimental groups including control; corn oil; CCl4; HES/CCl4; TR/CCl4; HES + TR/CCl4; CCl4/HES; CCl4/TR; and CCl4/HES + TR groups. CCl4 was intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 2 ml /kg b.w. HES and TR were orally gavaged twice weekly 100 mg/kg b.w. for four weeks. Kidney function, inflammatory response, sexual hormones, and oxidative stress indicators were assessed. Histomorphological and immune-histochemical studies of the inflammatory marker nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) in renal and testicular tissues were performed. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that the TR and/or HES treatment significantly suppressed CCl4 induced rise of urea, uric acid, potassium, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. However, significant restoration of sodium, testosterone, and luteinizing hormone was apparent in CCl4 exposed rats received HES and/or TR. Also, the HES and/or TR treatment significantly rescues CCl4 induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, the HES and/or TR dosing significantly repaired the CCl4 evoked altered renal and testicular architecture and suppressed NF-κB immunoexpression. Notably, alleviating CCl4 induced renal and testicular damage was more effective in the prophylactic groups than the therapeutic groups. Also, most of the estimated parameters of the HES + TR group did not significantly vary from those of single TR or HES. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, HES or TR could efficiently guard against CCl4 nephro-and reprotoxic effects, but both bioactive combinations afford only a limited synergistic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Mervat H Ghoneim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa L M Ebraheim
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tamer S Imam
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Abd-Elhakim YM, Ghoneim MH, Khairy MH, Eissa SA. Single or combined protective and therapeutic impact of taurine and hesperidin on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatic injury in rat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13180-13193. [PMID: 32016862 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, hepatic injury due to environmental pollutants extremely threatens human health and elicits great concern. Hence, there is a high global interest to find natural novel formulation products with potent hepatoprotective activity to combat liver disease. Hence, we evaluated the protective or therapeutic effect of hesperidin (HSP) and taurine (TAU), individually and in combination, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatic injury in rats. The pre- or posttreatment by HSP and/or TAU significantly depressed CCl4-induced elevation of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, malondialdehyde, globulins (α1, α2, β, and γ), albumin/globulin ratio, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, nitric oxide, and myeloperoxidase levels. Also, the pre- or posttreatment by HSP and/or TAU significantly minimized CCl4-induced reduction of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, and albumin concentrations. Furthermore, the protective or therapeutic administration of HSP and/or TAU markedly restored the CCl4-induced altered hepatic architecture, depleted glycogen, and DNA contents. Notably, alleviating CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was more prominent in the protective groups than the therapeutic groups. More importantly, most of biochemical and histopathological parameters of HSP+TAU did not significantly differ from those of separate TAU or HSP neither before nor after CCl4 exposure. Conclusively, HSP or TAU could be candidate protective agents against CCl4 hepatotoxic impacts but the combination of both bioactive offers only a limited synergistic effect. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Mervat H Ghoneim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Khairy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Smr A Eissa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Boşgelmez Iİ, Güvendik G. Beneficial Effects of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine or Taurine Pre- or Post-treatments in the Heart, Spleen, Lung, and Testis of Hexavalent Chromium-Exposed Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:437-445. [PMID: 30417263 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium[Cr(VI)] compounds may induce toxic effects, possibly via reactive intermediates and radicals formed during Cr(VI) reduction. In this study, we probed the possible effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and taurine pre- or post-treatments on Cr(VI)-induced changes in lipid peroxidation and nonprotein thiols (NPSH) in mice heart, lung, spleen, and testis tissues. The mice were randomly assigned to six groups, consisting of control, Cr(VI)-exposed (20 mg Cr/kg, intraperitoneal ,ip), NAC (200 mg/kg, ip) as pre-treatment and post-treatment, and taurine (1 g/kg, ip) pre-treatment and post-treatment groups. Lipid peroxidation and NPSH levels were determined and the results were compared with regard to tissue- and antioxidant-specific basis. Exposure to Cr(VI) significantly increased lipid peroxidation in all tissues as compared to the control (p < 0.05); and consistent with this data, NPSH levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Notably, administration of NAC and taurine, either before or after Cr(VI) exposure, was able to ameliorate the lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05) in all tissues. In the case of NPSH content, while the decline could be alleviated by both NAC and taurine pre- and post-treatments in the spleen, diverging results were obtained in other tissues. The effects of Cr(VI) on the lung thiols were abolished by pre-treatment with NAC and taurine; however, post-treatments could not exert significant effect. While thiol depletion in the heart was totally replenished by NAC and taurine administrations, NAC pre-treatment was partially more effective than post-treatment. In contrast with lipid peroxidation data, NAC treatment could not provide a statistically significant beneficial effect on NPSH content of the testis, whereas the effect in this tissue by taurine was profound. Thus, these data highlight the importance of tissue-specific factors and the critical role of administration time. Overall, our data suggest that NAC and taurine may have potential in prevention of Cr(VI)-induced toxicity in the heart, lung, spleen, and testis tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- I İpek Boşgelmez
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38280, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Gülin Güvendik
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Ommati MM, Heidari R, Ghanbarinejad V, Abdoli N, Niknahad H. Taurine Treatment Provides Neuroprotection in a Mouse Model of Manganism. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:384-395. [PMID: 30357569 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a trace element involved in many physiological processes. However, excessive Mn exposure leads to neurological complications. Although no precise mechanism(s) has been found for Mn-induced neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury seem to play a relevant role in this complication. On the other hand, there is no protective strategy against Mn neurotoxicity so far. Taurine is an amino acid with significant neuroprotective properties. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of taurine supplementation and its potential mechanism(s) of action in a mouse model of manganism. Animals were treated with Mn (100 mg/kg, s.c) alone and/or in combination with taurine (50, 100, and 500 mg/kg, i.p, for eight consecutive days). Severe locomotor dysfunction along with a significant elevation in brain tissue biomarkers of oxidative stress was evident in Mn-exposed mice. On the other hand, it was revealed that mitochondrial indices of functionality were hampered in Mn-treated animals. Taurine supplementation (50, 100, and 500 mg/kg, i.p) alleviated Mn-induced locomotor deficit. Moreover, this amino acid mitigated oxidative stress biomarkers and preserved brain tissue mitochondrial indices of functionality. These data introduce taurine as a potential neuroprotective agent against Mn neurotoxicity. Antioxidative and mitochondria protecting effects of taurine might play a fundamental role in its neuroprotective properties against Mn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St., Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St., Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
| | - Vahid Ghanbarinejad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St., Shiraz, Fars, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Abdoli
- Iran Food and Drug Administration (IFDA), Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St., Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Jiang Z, Lin C, Liu H, Feng J, Zheng Z, Cai S. Specific biological responses following dextran-coated ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxides administration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1371-1386. [PMID: 31215328 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The potential bio-related risks of dextran-coated ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxides (D-USPIO) were assessed. Materials & methods: Metabolic responses of D-USPIO in BALB/C mice were obtained using 1H-NMR-based metabolomic strategy combined with the traditional biochemical assay. Results: The metabolomic analyses of biological fluids (plasma and urine) and organs (liver, kidney and spleen) indicated that the disturbance, impairment and recovery of the physiological functions were related to the metabolic response to D-USPIO. The correlations between the biofluids and tissue metabolomes described the specific metabolic information of D-USPIO on their in vivo transportation, absorption, biodistribution and excretion. Conclusion: Metabolomic analysis provides preliminary validation for the use of D-USPIO in clinical medicine, and the results help to understand the potential adverse effects of the similar bio-nanomaterials further serve to their synthesis optimization and biocompatibility improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Jiang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma & Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Chenghong Lin
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma & Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Huili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance & Atomic & Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics & Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Jianghua Feng
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma & Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Zhenyao Zheng
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma & Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Shuhui Cai
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma & Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
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Li S, Wei BK, Wang J, Dong G, Wang X. Taurine Supplementation Ameliorates Arsenic-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Mouse. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:463-470. [PMID: 31468423 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that taurine treatment inhibited arsenic (As)-induced apoptosis in the liver of mice. This study was designed to explore the effect of taurine on liver function and its underlying mechanism in As-exposed mice. Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, ten mice in each group. Group 1, control group, only orally received drinking water alone. Group 2, As intoxication group, was exposed to 4 mg/L As2O3 via drinking water for 60 days. Group 3, taurine protection group, was treated with 4 mg/L As2O3 and 150 mg/kg both. Taurine administration significantly revered the increases of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities in serum. The decrease of glutathione (GSH) was inhibited with taurine treatment in the liver of As-exposed mice. At the same time, taurine significantly inhihibited As-induced enhancement of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Here we show that taurine protective effect on liver function in As-exposed mice maybe involve lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxing Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bin Kai Wei
- Clinical Medicine (5+3), Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Clinical Medicine (5+3), Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangtao Dong
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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19
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Heidari R, Behnamrad S, Khodami Z, Ommati MM, Azarpira N, Vazin A. The nephroprotective properties of taurine in colistin-treated mice is mediated through the regulation of mitochondrial function and mitigation of oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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20
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Antitumor and immune-modulatory efficacy of dual-treatment based on levamisole and/or taurine in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:43-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Tian X, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Mehmood K, Wu X, Chang Z, Luo M, Liu X, Ijaz M, Javed MT, Zhou D. Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanism of hepatic metabolism disorder caused by chromium poisoning in chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15411-15421. [PMID: 29564706 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is one of the most important environmental pollutants which are released into the environment due to their wide usage in numerous industries. The excess of Cr (VI) can induce hepatotoxicity, while the molecular mechanism that is involved in Cr (VI)-induced hepatotoxicity is unclear. We demonstrated the induction of chromium poisoning model in chickens to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and their functions were analyzed under different physiological and pathological conditions. Histopathological examination and transcriptome data for chromium-poisoned livers and control livers were annotated with Illumina® HiSeq 2000. The histopathological examination in chromium poisoning groups showed diapedesis, hemolysis, degeneration, nucleus pycnosis, and central phlebectasia in the liver. A total of 334 genes were upregulated and 509 genes were downregulated. The most strongly upregulated genes were HKDC1, DDX4, ACACA, FDFT1, CYYR1, PPP1R3C, and SLC16A14, while the most downregulated genes were MYBPC3, CCKAR, PCK1, and CPT1A. A Gene Ontology (GO) term with the highest enrichment of DEGs is small molecule metabolic process. In cell component domain, the term with the highest enrichment is extracellular matrix. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways showed that glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and protein metabolism were the most important metabolic pathways in the liver. The current study first time provides important clues and evidence for identifying the differentially expressed genes in livers due to Cr (VI)-induced liver injury in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine in Tibet, XiZang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, Tibet, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Donghai Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Shil K, Pal S. Metabolic adaptability in hexavalent chromium-treated renal tissue: an in vivo study. Clin Kidney J 2017; 11:222-229. [PMID: 29644063 PMCID: PMC5887570 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfx069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], an environmental pollutant that originates mostly from anthropogenic sources, is a serious threat to human health. After entering into cells, Cr(VI) is capable of producing excessive free radicals and causing tissue damage. The present study aims to reveal the toxic manifestation of Cr(VI) on the metabolic activity of renal tissue. Methods Male Swiss albino mice were treated orally with potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for a period of 30 days. Important tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme activities like isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, as well as the activities of enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation such as Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase, were measured. Additionally, transaminase and protease (pronase, cathepsin and trypsin) activities, tissue protein and free amino nitrogen were estimated in renal tissue. Glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities, as well as lactic acid, pyruvic acid and chromium contents, of kidneys were determined following standard protocols. Kidney histology was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results Cr(VI) suppresses the rate-limiting enzymes of the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation indicating an inhibition of renal ATP production. It decreases protease activity by eliminating the protein substrates and alters the gluconeogenic pathway. Cr(VI) worsens the normophysiological attributes of renal tissue by enhancing the activity of alkaline phosphatase, pointing towards kidney disease. Histopathological observations confirmed these biochemical results through the presence of chronic tubular nephritis and altered glomerular structure. Cr(VI) retention occurs to a greater extent in renal tissue, which intensifies the toxic manifestation of this pollutant in the kidney. Conclusions Cr(VI) disrupts the metabolic interaction between carbohydrates and proteins in mammalian renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanu Shil
- Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, West Tripura, India
| | - Sudipta Pal
- Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, West Tripura, India
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Boşgelmez Iİ, Güvendik G. N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Protects Liver and Kidney Against Chromium(VI)-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 178:44-53. [PMID: 27888451 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compound exposure may lead to hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. Cr(VI) reduction may generate reactive intermediates and radicals which might be associated with damage. We investigated effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pre- or post-treatment on oxidative stress and accumulation of Cr in liver and kidney of Cr(VI)-exposed mice. Intraperitoneal potassium dichromate injection (20 mg Cr/kg) caused a significant elevation of lipid peroxidation in both tissues as compared to control (p < 0.05). Significant decreases in non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) level, as well as enzyme activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with significant accumulation of Cr in the tissues (p < 0.05) were of note. NAC pre-treatment (200 mg/kg, ip) provided a noticeable alleviation of lipid peroxidation (p < 0.05) in both tissues, whereas post-treatment exerted significant effect only in kidney. Similarly, Cr(VI)-induced NPSH decline was restored by NAC pre-treatment in both tissues (p < 0.05); however, NAC post-treatment could only replenish NPSH in liver (p < 0.05). Regarding enzyme activities, in liver tissue NAC pre-treatment provided significant restoration on Cr(VI)-induced CAT inhibition (p < 0.05), while SOD enzyme activity was regulated to some extent. In kidney, SOD activity was efficiently restored by both treatments (p < 0.05), whereas CAT enzyme alteration could not be totally relieved. Additionally, NAC pre-treatment in both tissues and post-treatment in liver exerted significant tissue Cr level decreases (p < 0.05). Overall, especially NAC pre-treatment seems to provide beneficial effects in regulating pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance and Cr accumulation caused by Cr(VI) in liver and kidney. This finding may be due to several mechanisms including extracellular reduction or chelation of Cr(VI) by readily available NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- I İpek Boşgelmez
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Gülin Güvendik
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhong X, Zeng M, Bian H, Zhong C, Xiao F. An evaluation of the protective role of vitamin C in reactive oxygen species-induced hepatotoxicity due to hexavalent chromium in vitro and in vivo. J Occup Med Toxicol 2017. [PMID: 28638434 PMCID: PMC5472873 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-017-0161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgroud Drinking water contamination with hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] has become one of the most serious public health problems, thus the investigation of Cr (VI)-induced hepatotoxicity has attracted much attention in recent years. Methods In the present study, by determining the indices of hepatotoxicity induced by Cr (VI), the source of accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the protective effect of the antioxidant Vitamin C (Vit C), we explored the mechanisms involved in Cr (VI)-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Results We found Cr (VI) caused hepatotoxicity characterized by the alterations of several enzymatic and cytokine markers including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), interleukine-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), etc. ROS production after Cr (VI) exposure was origins from the inhibition of electron transfer chain (ETC) and antioxidant system. Vit C inhibited ROS accumulation thus protected against Cr (VI)-induced hepatotoxicity in L-02 hepatocytes and in the rat model. Conclusions We concluded that ROS played a role in Cr (VI)-induced hepatotoxicity and Vit C exhibited protective effect. Our current data provides important clues for studying the mechanisms involved in Cr (VI)-induced liver injury, and may be of great help to develop therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of liver diseases involving ROS accumulation for occupational exposure population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Zhong
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, NO. 238 Shangmayuanling Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410078 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, NO. 238 Shangmayuanling Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410078 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Huanfeng Bian
- Shajing Institution of Health Supervision of Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518104 People's Republic of China
| | - Caigao Zhong
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, NO. 238 Shangmayuanling Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410078 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, NO. 238 Shangmayuanling Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410078 Hunan People's Republic of China
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Hano T, Ito K, Kono K, Ito M, Ohkubo N, Mochida K. Effect of taurine supplementation on hepatic metabolism and alleviation of cadmium toxicity and bioaccumulation in a marine teleost, red sea bream, Pagrus major. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:137-152. [PMID: 27535560 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to unravel the mechanism of the beneficial action of taurine on marine teleost fish, red sea bream (Pagrus major), by analyzing the hepatic metabolism. Moreover, the ameliorative effects of the nutrient against cadmium toxicity and bioaccumulation were further evaluated. The fish were fed a diet containing 0 % (TAU0 %), 0.5 % (TAU0.5 %), or 5.0 % (TAU5.0 %) taurine for 40-55 days (d) and subjected to cadmium acute toxicity and bioaccumulation tests. Taurine deficiency in feed severely affected growth and the hepatic metabolic profiles of the fish, including a remarkable increase in myo-inositol, aspartate, and ß-alanine in the TAU0 % group, which indicates a complementary physiological response to taurine deficiency. For the acute toxicity test, fish were fed the test diets for 55 d and were then exposed to different dose of cadmium ranging from 0 to 5.6 mg/L for 96 h. Fish fed taurine had a higher tolerance to cadmium than those not fed taurine. For the bioaccumulation test, fish were fed the test diets for 40 d and then were chronically exposed to 0.2 mg/L of cadmium for 28 d followed by depuration for 21 d. Cadmium concentrations in the liver and muscle of fish fed TAU5.0 % were significantly lower than those of fish fed TAU0 % for the first 7 d of exposure and the first 7 d of elimination. Our findings suggest a possible mechanism for the beneficial role played by taurine and that the inclusion of taurine in fish aquaculture feed may reduce cadmium contamination of fish intended for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hano
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5, Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan.
| | - Katsutoshi Ito
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5, Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kono
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5, Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan
| | - Mana Ito
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5, Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ohkubo
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5, Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mochida
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5, Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan
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Feng T, Liu P, Zhang Z, Hu J, Kong Z. Combination of DFP and Taurine Counteracts the Aluminum-Induced Alterations in Oxidative Stress and ATPase in Cortex and Blood of Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:142-149. [PMID: 27059757 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the combined effect of 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (DFP) and taurine on aluminum (Al) toxicity in cortex and blood of rats. The control group received 1 ml/kg/day saline solution for 8 weeks. Other animals were exposed to Al at a dose of 281.40 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks. Then, they were administered with 1 ml/kg/day saline solution, 400 mg/(kg·day) taurine, 13.82 mg/(kg·day) DFP, 27.44 mg/(kg·day) DFP, 400 mg/(kg·day) taurine +13.82 mg/(kg·day) DFP, and 400 mg/(kg·day) taurine +27.44 mg/(kg·day) DFP for 4 weeks. The changes in markers of oxidative stress, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and triphosphatase (ATPase) in the cortex and blood were determined. Administration of Al led to significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, Na+K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ATPase in the cortex and blood, compared with the control group. DFP was observed to reverse alteration of these parameters except for Ca2+-ATPase activity. Treatment with taurine caused significant increase of GSH-Px activity and decrease of the MDA level in the cortex and serum and rise of Na+K+-ATPase in the blood. Effects of DFP combined with taurine were investigated and found to provide a more significant benefit than either drug alone. Combined intake of taurine and DFP could achieve an optimum effect of therapy for Al exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Feng
- Department of Hygiene Detection, College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Hygiene Detection, College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Detection, College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- Department of Hygiene Detection, College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengqiao Kong
- Department of Hygiene Detection, College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Heidari R, Rasti M, Shirazi Yeganeh B, Niknahad H, Saeedi A, Najibi A. Sulfasalazine-induced renal and hepatic injury in rats and the protective role of taurine. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2016; 6:3-8. [PMID: 27340618 PMCID: PMC4916549 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2016.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sulfasalazine is a drug commonly administrated against inflammatory-based disorders. On the other hand, kidney and liver injury are serious adverse events accompanied by sulfasalazine administration. No specific therapeutic option is available against this complication. The current investigation was designed to evaluate the potential protective effects of taurine against sulfasalazine-induced kidney and liver injury in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with sulfasalazine (600 mg/kg, oral) for 14 consecutive days. Animals received different doses of taurine (250, 500 and 1000 mg/ kg, i.p.) every day. Markers of organ injury were evaluated on day 15(th), 24 h after the last dose of sulfasalazine. RESULTS Sulfasalazine caused renal and hepatic injury as judged by an increase in serum level of creatinine (Cr), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation were raised in kidney and liver of sulfasalazine-treated animals. Moreover, tissue glutathione reservoirs were depleted after sulfasalazine administration. Histopathological changes of kidney and liver also endorsed organ injury. Taurine administration (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day, i.p) alleviated sulfasalazine-induced renal and hepatic damage. CONCLUSION Taurine administration could serve as a potential protective agent with therapeutic capabilities against sulfasalazine adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rasti
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Babak Shirazi Yeganeh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Corresponding author: Hossein Niknahad,
| | - Arastoo Saeedi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asma Najibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Yu B, Changsheng Y, Wenjun Z, Ben L, Hai Q, Jing M, Guangwei X, Shuhua W, Fang L, Aschner M, Rongzhu L. Differential protection of pre- versus post-treatment with curcumin, Trolox, and N -acetylcysteine against acrylonitrile-induced cytotoxicity in primary rat astrocytes. Neurotoxicology 2015; 51:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Karamikhah R, Jamshidzadeh A, Azarpira N, Saeidi A, Heidari R. Propylthiouracil-Induced Liver Injury in Mice and the Protective Role of Taurine. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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García-Niño WR, Zatarain-Barrón ZL, Hernández-Pando R, Vega-García CC, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Oxidative Stress Markers and Histological Analysis in Diverse Organs from Rats Treated with a Hepatotoxic Dose of Cr(VI): Effect of Curcumin. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 167:130-45. [PMID: 25774041 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are extremely toxic and carcinogenic. Despite the vast quantity of reports about Cr(VI) toxicity, the information regarding its effects when it is intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered is still limited. In contrast, it has been shown that curcumin prevents hepatotoxicity induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). This study aims to evaluate oxidative stress markers, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the potential histological injury in brain, heart, lung, kidney, spleen, pancreas, stomach, and intestine from rats treated with a hepatotoxic dose of K2Cr2O7 (15 mg/kg b.w.), and the effect of curcumin pretreatment. Rats were divided into four groups: control, curcumin, K2Cr2O7, and curcumin+K2Cr2O7. At the end of the treatment, plasma and ascites fluid were collected and target organs were dissected out for biochemical and histological analysis. K2Cr2O7 induced hepatotoxicity but failed to induce in all the other studied organs either oxidative or histological injury, since levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and related GSH enzymes were unchanged. As expected, curcumin was safe. Lack of K2Cr2O7-induced toxicity in those target organs could be due to the following: (1) route of administration, (2) absorption through the portal circulation, (3) lower dose than needed, (4) short time of exposure, or (5) repeated doses are required to produce damage. Thus, the intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg of K2Cr2O7, that is able to induce hepatotoxicity, was unable to induce histological and oxidative damage in other target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wylly Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, Laboratory 209, Building F, D.F., Mexico, 04510, Mexico
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Xu J, Jiang H, Li J, Cheng KK, Dong J, Chen Z. 1H NMR-based metabolomics investigation of copper-laden rat: a model of Wilson's disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119654. [PMID: 25849323 PMCID: PMC4388371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Wilson's disease (WD), also known as hepatoleticular degeneration (HLD), is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder of copper metabolism, which causes copper to accumulate in body tissues. In this study, rats fed with copper-laden diet are used to render the clinical manifestations of WD, and their copper toxicity-induced organ lesions are studied. To investigate metabolic behaviors of 'decoppering' process, penicillamine (PA) was used for treating copper-laden rats as this chelating agent could eliminate excess copper through the urine. To date, there has been limited metabolomics study on WD, while metabolic impacts of copper accumulation and PA administration have yet to be established. MATERIALS AND METHODS A combination of 1HNMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis was applied to examine the metabolic profiles of the urine and blood serum samples collected from the copper-laden rat model of WD with PA treatment. RESULTS Copper accumulation in the copper-laden rats is associated with increased lactate, creatinine, valine and leucine, as well as decreased levels of glucose and taurine in the blood serum. There were also significant changes in p-hydroxyphenylacetate (p-HPA), creatinine, alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), dimethylamine, N-acetylglutamate (NAG), N-acetylglycoprotein (NAC) in the urine of these rats. Notably, the changes in p-HPA, glucose, lactate, taurine, valine, leucine, and NAG were found reversed following PA treatment. Nevertheless, there were no changes for dimethylamine, α-KG, and NAC as a result of the treatment. Compared with the controls, the concentrations of hippurate, formate, alanine, and lactate were changed when PA was applied and this is probably due to its side effect. A tool named SMPDB (Small Molecule Pathway Database) is introduced to identify the metabolic pathway influenced by the copper-laden diet. CONCLUSION The study has shown the potential application of NMR-based metabolomic analysis in providing further insights into the molecular mechanism underlying disorder due to WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Huaizhou Jiang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Kian-Kai Cheng
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering & Innovation Centre in Agritechnology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Jiyang Dong
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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Heidari R, Jamshidzadeh A, Keshavarz N, Azarpira N. Mitigation of Methimazole-Induced Hepatic Injury by Taurine in Mice. Sci Pharm 2014; 83:143-58. [PMID: 26839807 PMCID: PMC4727863 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1408-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methimazole is the most widely prescribed antithyroid medication in humans. However, hepatotoxicity is a deleterious adverse effect associated with methimazole administration. No specific protective agent has been developed against this complication yet. This study was designed to investigate the role of taurine as a hepatoprotective agent against methimazole-induced liver injury in mice. Different reactive metabolites were proposed to be responsible for methimazole hepatotoxicity. Hence, methimazole-induced liver injury was investigated in intact and/or enzyme-induced animals in the current investigation. Animals were treated with methimazole (200 mg/kg, by gavage), and hepatic injury induced by this drug was investigated in intact and/or enzyme-induced groups. Markers such as lipid peroxidation, hepatic glutathione content, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in plasma, and histopathological changes in the liver of animals were monitored after drug administration. Methimazole caused liver injury as revealed by increased plasma ALT. Furthermore, a significant amount of lipid peroxidation was detected in the drug-treated animals, and hepatic glutathione reservoirs were depleted. Methimazole-induced hepatotoxicity was more severe in enzyme-induced mice. The above-mentioned alterations in hepatotoxicity markers were endorsed by significant histopathological changes in the liver. Taurine administration (1 g/kg, i.p.) effectively alleviated methimazole-induced liver injury in both intact and/or enzyme-induced animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 7146864685 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 7146864685 Shiraz, Iran; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 7146864685 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nahid Keshavarz
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 7146864685 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 7146864685 Shiraz, Iran
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Wenting L, Ping L, Haitao J, Meng Q, Xiaofei R. Therapeutic effect of taurine against aluminum-induced impairment on learning, memory and brain neurotransmitters in rats. Neurol Sci 2014; 35:1579-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Karaytug S, Sevgiler Y, Karayakar F. Comparison of the protective effects of antioxidant compounds in the liver and kidney of Cd- and Cr-exposed common carp. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:129-137. [PMID: 21987389 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to see whether the taurine (TAU), alpha-lipoic acid (LA), curcumin (CUR), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) protection against oxidative stress caused by heavy metals is owed to the metal-decreasing or antioxidative effect. In this context, liver and kidney tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio L.) were exposed in vivo to model toxicants cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr). The tissues were dissected 96 h after intraperitoneal injection of the metals and antioxidant substances. Cd and Cr levels were determined in the liver using the ICP-OES, but we could not obtain enough kidney tissue to make the same measurements in the kidney. The enzymatic activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx, and the GSH redox status and lipid peroxidation levels were analyzed using spectrophotometric methods. Of all investigated antioxidants, only NAC decreased metal levels in the liver. Cd had little effect on oxidative stress parameters, while Cr showed a weak prooxidative effect. Cotreatment with TAU/LA/CUR/NAC and Cr significantly increased liver SOD activity. Chromium induced kidney SOD and CAT, but all antioxidants lowered CAT activity. Cadmium reduced liver and increased kidney GSSG. NAC increased liver GSH, but the increase did not correlate with decrease in Cd. Curcumin given with Cd increased kidney and decreased liver lipid peroxidation, whereas TAU with Cr increased lipid peroxidation in both tissues. N-Acetylcysteine was the most effective antioxidative agent, owing to its metal-decreasing function as well as to its effects on the GSH redox status. We believe that the investigated antioxidant substances which may have been involved in the reduction of Cr caused an increase in SOD activity and a decrease in CAT activity. Changes in the GSSG levels in both tissues might be an adaptive response to the prooxidative potential of Cd. Because of their respective tissue- and metal-dependent prooxidative effects, CUR and TAU deserve particular attention in regard to their use against metal toxicity, Cr in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahire Karaytug
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Aquaculture, Mersin University, Yenisehir Campus, 33169 Mersin, Turkey
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Histological study of the effect of potassium dichromate on the thyroid follicular cells of adult male albino rat and the possible protective role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). J Microsc Ultrastruct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Li J, Zhao Z, Feng J, Gao J, Chen Z. Understanding the metabolic fate and assessing the biosafety of MnO nanoparticles by metabonomic analysis. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:455102. [PMID: 24145610 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/45/455102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, some types of MnO nanoparticle (Mn-NP) with favorable imaging capacity have been developed to improve the biocompatible profile of the existing Mn-based MRI contrast agent Mn-DPDP; however, the overall bio-effects and potential toxicity remain largely unknown. In this study, (1)H NMR-based metabolic profiling, integrated with traditional biochemical analysis and histopathological examinations, was used to investigate the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity of Mn-NPs as candidates for MRI contrast agent. The metabolic responses in biofluids (plasma and urine) and tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, lung and brain) from rats could be divided into four classes following Mn-NP administration: Mn biodistribution-dependent, time-dependent, dose-dependent and complicated metabolic variations. The variations of these metabolites involved in lipid, energy, amino acid and other nutrient metabolism, which disclosed the metabolic fate and biological effects of Mn-NPs in rats. The changes of metabolic profile implied that the disturbance and impairment of biological functions induced by Mn-NP exposure were correlated with the particle size and the surface chemistry of nanoparticles. Integration of metabonomic technology with traditional methods provides a promising tool to understand the toxicological behavior of biomedical nanomaterials and will result in informed decision-making during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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Curcumin pretreatment prevents potassium dichromate-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, decreased respiratory complex I activity, and membrane permeability transition pore opening. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:424692. [PMID: 23956771 PMCID: PMC3730379 DOI: 10.1155/2013/424692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from turmeric with recognized antioxidant properties. Hexavalent chromium is an environmental toxic and carcinogen compound that induces oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of curcumin on the hepatic damage generated by potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in rats. Animals were pretreated daily by 9-10 days with curcumin (400 mg/kg b.w.) before the injection of a single intraperitoneal of K2Cr2O7 (15 mg/kg b.w.). Groups of animals were sacrificed 24 and 48 h later. K2Cr2O7-induced damage to the liver was evident by histological alterations and increase in the liver weight and in the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase in plasma. In addition, K2Cr2O7 induced oxidative damage in liver and isolated mitochondria, which was evident by the increase in the content of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl and decrease in the glutathione content and in the activity of several antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, K2Cr2O7 induced decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption, in the activity of respiratory complex I, and permeability transition pore opening. All the above-mentioned alterations were prevented by curcumin pretreatment. The beneficial effects of curcumin against K2Cr2O7-induced liver oxidative damage were associated with prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Kotyzová D, Hodková A, Bludovská M, Eybl V. Effect of chromium (VI) exposure on antioxidant defense status and trace element homeostasis in acute experiment in rat. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:1044-50. [PMID: 23625905 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713487244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds is of concern in many Cr-related industries and their surrounding environment. Cr(VI) is a proven toxin and carcinogen. The Cr(VI) compounds are easily absorbed, can diffuse across cell membranes, and have strong oxidative potential. Despite intensive studies of Cr(VI) pro-oxidative effects, limited data exist on the influence of Cr(VI) on selenoenzymes thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-important components of antioxidant defense system. This study investigates the effect of Cr(VI) exposure on antioxidant defense status, with focus on these selenoenzymes, and on trace element homeostasis in an acute experiment in rat. Male Wistar rats (130-140g) were assigned to two groups of 8 animals: I. control; and II. Cr(VI) treated. The animals in Cr(VI) group were administered a single dose of K2Cr2O7 (20 mg /kg, intraperitoneally (ip)). The control group received saline solution. After 24 h, the animals were sacrificed and the liver and kidneys were examined for lipid peroxidation (LP; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration), the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of GPx-1, TrxR-1, and glutathione reductase (GR). Samples of tissues were also used to estimate Cr accumulation and alterations in zinc, copper, and iron levels. The acute Cr(VI) exposure caused an increase in both hepatic and renal LP (by 70%, p < 0.01 and by 15%, p < 0.05, respectively), increased hepatic GSH level and GPx-1 activity, and decreased renal GPx-1 activity. The activity of GR was not changed. A significant inhibitory effect of Cr(VI) was found on TrxR-1 activity in both the liver and the kidneys. The ability of Cr(VI) to cause TrxR inhibition could contribute to its cytotoxic effects. Further investigation of oxidative responses in different in vivo models may enable the development of strategies to protect against Cr(VI) oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kotyzová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Hodková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Bludovská
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Eybl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Soudani N, Bouaziz H, Sefi M, Chtourou Y, Boudawara T, Zeghal N. Toxic effects of chromium (VI) by maternal ingestion on liver function of female rats and their suckling pups. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:11-20. [PMID: 21374791 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Potassium dichromate (K(2)Cr(2)O(7)) is an environmental contaminant widely recognized as a carcinogen, mutagen, and teratogen toward humans and animals. This study investigated the effects of K(2)Cr(2)O(7) on the hepatic function of pregnant and lactating rats and their suckling pups. Experiments were carried out on female Wistar rats given 700 ppm of K(2)Cr(2)O(7) in their drinking water from the 14th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. Hepatotoxicity was objectified by the significant increase in liver malondialdehyde content and a significant accumulation of chromium in this soft tissue. Moreover, exposure to K(2)Cr(2)O(7) induced a decrease of glutathione, nonprotein thiols, and vitamin C in the liver of mothers and their suckling pups. Alteration of the antioxidant system in the treated group was confirmed by the significant decline of antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, while liver superoxide dismutase activity increased in mothers and decreased in their offspring. It was found that K(2)Cr(2)O(7) induced liver damages as evidenced by the elevation of plasma aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase activities, and bilirubin levels. Impairment of the hepatic function corresponded histologically. Our investigation revealed hemorrhage, leukocytes infiltration cells, and necrosis, which were more pronounced in the hepatocytes of mothers than in those of their suckling pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejla Soudani
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, UR/08-73, BP1171 3000 Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Kim SH, Lee IC, Baek HS, Moon C, Kang SS, Bae CS, Kim SH, Shin DH, Kim JC. Pycnogenol® prevents hexavalent chromium-induced spermatotoxicity in rats. Mol Cell Toxicol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-012-0030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pan TL, Wang PW, Chen CC, Fang JY, Sintupisut N. Functional proteomics reveals hepatotoxicity and the molecular mechanisms of different forms of chromium delivered by skin administration. Proteomics 2012; 12:477-89. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Turkez H, Geyikoglu F, Tatar A, Keles MS, Kaplan I. The effects of some boron compounds against heavy metal toxicity in human blood. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:93-101. [PMID: 20663653 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Soudani N, Ben Amara I, Sefi M, Boudawara T, Zeghal N. Effects of selenium on chromium (VI)-induced hepatotoxicity in adult rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:541-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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El-Sayed WM, Al-Kahtani MA, Abdel-Moneim AM. Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of taurine against aluminum-induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 192:880-886. [PMID: 21703760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum is a well known neurotoxin and a possible candidate of hepatotoxins to humans. Using natural antioxidants against metal-induced hepatotoxicity is a modern approach. In the present study, Aluminum (AlCl(3)) intoxication (a single injection of 25mg Al(3+)/kg, i.p.) for 24h in mice resulted in elevations in serum alanine aminotransferase activity and serum tumor necrosis factor and hepatic malondialdehyde levels. Aluminum reduced the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, quinone oxidoreductase, and catalase in liver. In addition, Al caused hepatic hemorrhage, cellular degeneration as well as necrosis of hepatocytes. Ultrastructure examination showed swelling of mitochondria, derangement of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and pleomorphic nuclei with abnormal chromatin distribution. Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid was administered to mice daily for 5 days before (at 100mg/kg, i.p.) or 2h after (a single dose of 1g/kg, i.p.) aluminum administration. Treating mice with taurine at either dosing regimens, pre- or post-aluminum administration alleviated aluminum oxidative damaging effects. The rate of recovery was better when taurine was administered prior to Al. Taurine had anaphylactic and therapeutic activity against hepatotoxicity induced by aluminum in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M El-Sayed
- King Faisal University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hufof 31982, Ahsaa, Saudi Arabia.
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Al Kahtani MA. Renal Damage Mediated by Oxidative Stress in Mice Treated with Aluminium Chloride: Protective Effects of Taurine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2010.584.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Döker S, Mounicou S, Doğan M, Lobinski R. Probing the metal-homeostatis effects of the administration of chromium(vi) to mice by ICP MS and size-exclusion chromatography-ICP MS. Metallomics 2010; 2:549-55. [PMID: 21072339 DOI: 10.1039/c004508j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of chromium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc were determined in liver, kidney, brain, lung, heart and testis of mouse following intraperitoneal injection of hexavalent chromium [Cr(vi)] at a single dose of 8.0 mg Cr/kg. As result, chromium concentrations increased ca. 40-fold in liver and kidney and by a factor of 3-5 in all the other tissues. The homeostasis of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn was also affected. The element molecular weight distribution was evaluated in the cytosols of the different mouse organs by size-exclusion chromatography (Superdex-75) with UV-VIS and ICP-MS detection. The administration of Cr(vi) resulted in differences in the elution profiles of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn-protein complexes. Bioinduced Mn, Fe and Zn-binding proteins could be detected in some tissues, especially in liver and kidney. Different molecular weight fractions containing chromium were heartcut and submitted to tryptic digestion prior to MALDI MS analysis. Cr-peptide complexes could be obtained both in non-denaturing and in denaturing (in the presence of urea and DTT) conditions. They were isolated by size-exclusion chromatography with a smaller separation range (Superdex Peptide) but could not be identified by MALDI MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Döker
- Hacettepe University, Chemistry Department, Analytical Chemistry Division, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
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