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Knez M, Stangoulis JCR. Dietary Zn deficiency, the current situation and potential solutions. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:199-215. [PMID: 37062532 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a worldwide problem, and this review presents an overview of the magnitude of Zn deficiency with a particular emphasis on present global challenges, current recommendations for Zn intake, and factors that affect dietary requirements. The challenges of monitoring Zn status are clarified together with the discussion of relevant Zn bioaccessibility and bioavailability issues. Modern lifestyle factors that may exacerbate Zn deficiency and new strategies of reducing its effects are presented. Biofortification, as a potentially useful strategy for improving Zn status in sensitive populations, is discussed. The review proposes potential actions that could deliver promising results both in terms of monitoring dietary and physiological Zn status as well as in alleviating dietary Zn deficiency in affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Knez
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, AdelaideSA5001, Australia
- Center of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 11000Belgrade, Serbia
| | - James C R Stangoulis
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, AdelaideSA5001, Australia
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2
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Yang HY, Hung KC, Chuang MH, Chang R, Chen RY, Wang FW, Wu JY, Chen JY. Effect of zinc supplementation on blood sugar control in the overweight and obese population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:308-317. [PMID: 37385909 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although overweight and obese people have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes incidence than normal-weight individuals, the efficacy of zinc supplementation in blood sugar control in overweight and obese people remained unknown. This meta-analysis attempted to address this issue. METHODS Databases including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception until May 2022 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of zinc supplementation among participants who were overweight or obese without language restriction. It is a random-effect meta-analysis that analyzed the impact of zinc supplementation on fasting glucose (FG) (i.e., primary outcome) and other variables including fasting insulin (FI), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and 2-hour postprandial glucose (2 h- PG). RESULTS Analysis of 12 eligible RCTs involving 651 overweight/obese participants demonstrated that zinc supplementation significantly improves FG (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -8.57 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -14.04 to -3.09 mg/dL, p = 0.002), HOMA-IR (WMD: -0.54; 95% CI: -0.78 to -0.30, p < 0.001), HbA1c (WMD: -0.25%; 95% CI: -0.43% to -0.07%, p = 0.006), and 2 h-PG (WMD: -18.42 mg/dL; 95% CI: -25.04 to -11.79 mg/dL, p < 0.001) compared to those in the control group. After conducting subgroup analyses, we found that the primary outcome, FG, showed more significant results in the subgroups with Asia, Zinc supplementation alone, higher dose (≥30 mg) and patients with diabetes. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis indicated that zinc supplementation benefits blood sugar control in overweight and obese populations, with an especially significant reduction in FG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Chuan Hung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Hsiang Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan.
| | - Renin Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Ru-Yih Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Wei Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Jheng-Yan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Yi Chen
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan City, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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Luo T, Chen S, Cai J, Liu Q, Gou R, Mo X, Tang X, He K, Xiao S, Wei Y, Lin Y, Huang S, Li T, Chen Z, Li R, Li Y, Zhang Z. Association between combined exposure to plasma heavy metals and dyslipidemia in a chinese population. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:131. [PMID: 36474262 PMCID: PMC9724421 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to heavy metals in the environment is widespread, while the relationship between combined exposure to heavy metals and dyslipidemia is unclear. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed, and 3544 participants aged 30 years or older were included in the analyses. Heavy metal concentrations in plasma were based on inductively coupled plasma‒mass spectrometry. The relationship between heavy metals and dyslipidemia was estimated by logistic regression. BKMR was used to evaluate metal mixtures and their potential interactions. RESULTS In logistic regression analysis, participants in the fourth quartile of Fe and Zn (Fe > 1352.38 µg/L; Zn > 4401.42 µg/L) had a relatively higher risk of dyslipidemia (Fe, OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.92,1.38; Zn, OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.03,1.64). After sex stratification, females in the third quartile of plasma Zn (1062.05-4401.42 µg/L) had a higher relative risk of dyslipidemia (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.38). In BKMR analysis, metal mixtures were negatively associated with dyslipidemia in females when all metal concentrations were above the 50th percentile. In the total population (estimated from 0.030 to 0.031), As was positively associated with dyslipidemia when other metals were controlled at the 25th, 50th, or 75th percentile, respectively, and As was below the 75th percentile. In females (estimated from - 0.037 to -0.031), Zn was negatively associated with dyslipidemia when it was above the 50th percentile. CONCLUSION This study indicated that As was positively associated with dyslipidemia and that Zn may be negatively associated with dyslipidemia in females. Combined metal exposure was negatively associated with dyslipidemia in females. Females with low plasma Zn levels are more likely to develop dyslipidemia and should receive more clinical attention in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Luo
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No.1 Zhiyuan Road, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China ,grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- grid.411858.10000 0004 1759 3543School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi 530200 Nanning, China
| | - Jiansheng Cai
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No.1 Zhiyuan Road, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China ,grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Qiumei Liu
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Ruoyu Gou
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No.1 Zhiyuan Road, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China ,grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China
| | - Xiaoting Mo
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Xu Tang
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Kailian He
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No.1 Zhiyuan Road, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China ,grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China
| | - Song Xiao
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No.1 Zhiyuan Road, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China ,grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China
| | - Yanfei Wei
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Yinxia Lin
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Shenxiang Huang
- grid.256607.00000 0004 1798 2653Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Tingjun Li
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No.1 Zhiyuan Road, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China ,grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No.1 Zhiyuan Road, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China ,grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China
| | - Ruiying Li
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No.1 Zhiyuan Road, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China ,grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China
| | - You Li
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No.1 Zhiyuan Road, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China ,grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, No.1 Zhiyuan Road, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China ,grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541199 Guilin, China
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Upregulated Solute Carrier SLC39A1 Promotes Gastric Cancer Proliferation and Indicates Unfavorable Prognosis. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:1256021. [PMID: 36407082 PMCID: PMC9652071 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1256021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Solute carrier 39A1 (SLC39A1) is an indirect zinc transporter which showed diverse tumor-related functions in different malignancies. Here, we aimed to investigate its expression and role in gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods A retrospective gastric adenocarcinoma cohort (n = 154) was collected from our hospital to test their tissue expression of SLC39A1 through immunohistochemical staining method. After SLC39A1 overexpression or knockdown, proliferation and invasion assays were conducted for proliferation and invasion estimation, respectively. Xenograft in nude mice was used as the in vivo strategy to validate in vitro findings. Results Compared with adjacent stomach tissues, gastric adenocarcinoma tissues showed significantly higher SLC39A1 on both mRNA and protein levels. Higher SLC39A1 was observed in patients with larger tumor size (P=0.003) and advanced tumor stages (P < 0.001). Univariate (P=0.001) and multivariate analyses (P=0.035) confirmed the independent prognostic significance of SLC39A1 on gastric adenocarcinoma outcomes. The median survival time was 22.0 months in patients with high-SLC39A1 expression, while up to 57.0 months in those with low-SLC39A1 (P=0.001). In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that overexpressing SLC39A1 could promote gastric cancer growth and invasion, while silencing SLC39A1 led to opposite effects. Conclusions Aberrant high-SLC39A1 expression can serve as an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. High SLC39A1 is critical for a more aggressive tumor phenotype by promoting cell proliferation and invasion. Therefore, targeting SLC39A1 may provide novel therapeutic insights.
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Willekens J, Runnels LW. Impact of Zinc Transport Mechanisms on Embryonic and Brain Development. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122526. [PMID: 35745255 PMCID: PMC9231024 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The trace element zinc (Zn) binds to over ten percent of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Zn flexible chemistry allows it to regulate the activity of hundreds of enzymes and influence scores of metabolic processes in cells throughout the body. Deficiency of Zn in humans has a profound effect on development and in adults later in life, particularly in the brain, where Zn deficiency is linked to several neurological disorders. In this review, we will summarize the importance of Zn during development through a description of the outcomes of both genetic and early dietary Zn deficiency, focusing on the pathological consequences on the whole body and brain. The epidemiology and the symptomology of Zn deficiency in humans will be described, including the most studied inherited Zn deficiency disease, Acrodermatitis enteropathica. In addition, we will give an overview of the different forms and animal models of Zn deficiency, as well as the 24 Zn transporters, distributed into two families: the ZIPs and the ZnTs, which control the balance of Zn throughout the body. Lastly, we will describe the TRPM7 ion channel, which was recently shown to contribute to intestinal Zn absorption and has its own significant impact on early embryonic development.
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Chen CW, Chen LK, Huang TY, Yang DM, Liu SY, Tsai PJ, Chen TH, Lin HF, Juan CC. Nitric Oxide Mobilizes Intracellular Zn2+ via the GC/cGMP/PKG Signaling Pathway and Stimulates Adipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105488. [PMID: 35628299 PMCID: PMC9143299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma and tissue zinc ion levels are associated with the development of obesity. Previous studies have suggested that zinc ions may regulate adipocyte metabolism and that nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of adipocyte physiology. Our previous study showed that chronic NO deficiency causes a significant decrease in adipose tissue mass in rats. Studies also suggested that zinc ions play an important modulatory role in regulating NO function. This study aims to explore the role of zinc ions in NO-regulated adipocyte differentiation. We hypothesized that NO could increase intracellular Zn2+ level and then stimulate adipocyte differentiation. ZnCl2 and the NO donor, NONOate, were used to explore the effects of Zn2+ and NO on adipocyte differentiation. Regulatory mechanisms of NO on intracellular Zn2+ mobilization were determined by detection. Then, Zn2+-selective chelator TPEN was used to clarify the role of intracellular Zn2+ on NO-regulated adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, the relationship between adipocyte size, Zn2+ level, and NOS expression in human subcutaneous fat tissue was elucidated. Results showed that both ZnCl2 and NO stimulated adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. NO stimulated intracellular Zn2+ mobilization in adipocytes through the guanylate cyclase (GC)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG) pathway, and NO-stimulated adipocyte differentiation was Zn2+-dependent. In human subcutaneous adipose tissue, adipocyte size was negatively correlated with expression of eNOS. In conclusion, NO treatment stimulates intracellular Zn2+ mobilization through the GC/cGMP/PKG pathway, subsequently stimulating adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Chen
- College of Human Development and Health, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112303, Taiwan;
| | - Luen-Kui Chen
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (L.-K.C.); (T.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Tai-Ying Huang
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (L.-K.C.); (T.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - De-Ming Yang
- Institute of Biophotonics, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Yu Liu
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (L.-K.C.); (T.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Pei-Jiun Tsai
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (P.-J.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Trauma Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hua Chen
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (P.-J.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Trauma Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Fu Lin
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-F.L.); (C.-C.J.)
| | - Chi-Chang Juan
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan; (L.-K.C.); (T.-Y.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 103212, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-F.L.); (C.-C.J.)
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Shen X, Caramaschi D, Adams MJ, Walker RM, Min JL, Kwong A, Hemani G, Barbu MC, Whalley HC, Harris SE, Deary IJ, Morris SW, Cox SR, Relton CL, Marioni RE, Evans KL, McIntosh AM. DNA methylome-wide association study of genetic risk for depression implicates antigen processing and immune responses. Genome Med 2022; 14:36. [PMID: 35354486 PMCID: PMC8969265 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a disabling and highly prevalent condition where genetic and epigenetic, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), differences contribute to disease risk. DNA methylation is influenced by genetic variation but the association between polygenic risk of depression and DNA methylation is unknown. METHODS We investigated the association between polygenic risk scores (PRS) for depression and DNAm by conducting a methylome-wide association study (MWAS) in Generation Scotland (N = 8898, mean age = 49.8 years) with replication in the Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936 and adults in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (Ncombined = 2049, mean age = 79.1, 69.6 and 47.2 years, respectively). We also conducted a replication MWAS in the ALSPAC children (N = 423, mean age = 17.1 years). Gene ontology analysis was conducted for the cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) probes significantly associated with depression PRS, followed by Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to infer the causal relationship between depression and DNAm. RESULTS Widespread associations (NCpG = 71, pBonferroni < 0.05, p < 6.3 × 10-8) were found between PRS constructed using genetic risk variants for depression and DNAm in CpG probes that localised to genes involved in immune responses and neural development. The effect sizes for the significant associations were highly correlated between the discovery and replication samples in adults (r = 0.79) and in adolescents (r = 0.82). Gene Ontology analysis showed that significant CpG probes are enriched in immunological processes in the human leukocyte antigen system. Additional MWAS was conducted for each lead genetic risk variant. Over 47.9% of the independent genetic risk variants included in the PRS showed associations with DNAm in CpG probes located in both the same (cis) and distal (trans) locations to the genetic loci (pBonferroni < 0.045). Subsequent MR analysis showed that there are a greater number of causal effects found from DNAm to depression than vice versa (DNAm to depression: pFDR ranged from 0.024 to 7.45 × 10-30; depression to DNAm: pFDR ranged from 0.028 to 0.003). CONCLUSIONS PRS for depression, especially those constructed from genome-wide significant genetic risk variants, showed methylome-wide differences associated with immune responses. Findings from MR analysis provided evidence for causal effect of DNAm to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Shen
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK.
| | - Doretta Caramaschi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Josine L Min
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alex Kwong
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Miruna C Barbu
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stewart W Morris
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside Park, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK.
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Mendes Garrido Abregú F, Caniffi C, Arranz CT, Tomat AL. Impact of Zinc Deficiency During Prenatal and/or Postnatal Life on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:833-845. [PMID: 35167660 PMCID: PMC9156367 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the latest findings, from animal models and clinical studies, regarding the cardiovascular and metabolic consequences in adult life of zinc deficiency (ZD) during prenatal and early postnatal life. The effect of zinc supplementation (ZS) and new insights about sex differences in the phenotype and severity of cardiovascular and metabolic alterations are also discussed. Zinc has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties and regulates the activity of enzymes involved in regulation of the metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal systems. Maternal ZD is associated with intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight (LBW). Breast-fed preterm infants are at risk of ZD due to lower zinc uptake during fetal life and reduced gut absorption capacity. ZS is most likely to increase growth in preterm infants and survival in LBW infants in countries where ZD is prevalent. Studies performed in rats revealed that moderate ZD during prenatal and/or early postnatal growth is a risk factor for the development of hypertension, cardiovascular and renal alterations, obesity, and diabetes in adult life. An adequate zinc diet during postweaning life does not always prevent the cardiovascular and metabolic alterations induced by zinc restriction during fetal and lactation periods. Male rats are more susceptible to this injury than females, and some of the mechanisms involved include: 1) alterations in organogenesis, 2) activation of oxidative, apoptotic, and inflammatory processes, 3) dysfunction of nitric oxide and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems, 4) changes in glucose and lipid metabolism, and 5) adipose tissue dysfunction. Safeguarding body zinc requirements during pregnancy, lactation, and growth periods could become a new target in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Further research is needed to elucidate the efficacy of ZS during early stages of growth to prevent the development of these diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Mendes Garrido Abregú
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,CONICET, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Caniffi
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,CONICET, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina T Arranz
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,CONICET, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhu X, Yu C, Wu W, Shi L, Jiang C, Wang L, Ding Z, Liu Y. Zinc transporter ZIP12 maintains zinc homeostasis and protects spermatogonia from oxidative stress during spermatogenesis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:17. [PMID: 35065654 PMCID: PMC8783530 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overwhelming evidences suggest oxidative stress is a major cause of sperm dysfunction and male infertility. Zinc is an important non-enzymatic antioxidant with a wide range of biological functions and plays a significant role in preserving male fertility. Notably, zinc trafficking through the cellular and intracellular membrane is mediated by specific families of zinc transporters, i.e., SLC39s/ZIPs and SLC30s/ZnTs. However, their expression and function were rarely evaluated in the male germ cells. The aim of this study is to determine and characterize the crucial zinc transporter responsible for the maintenance of spermatogenesis. METHODS The expression patterns of all 14 ZIP members were characterized in the mouse testis. qRT-PCR, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry analyses evaluated the ZIP12 gene and protein expression levels. The role of ZIP12 expression was evaluated in suppressing the sperm quality induced by exposure to an oxidative stress in a spermatogonia C18-4 cell line. Zip12 RNAi transfection was performed to determine if its downregulation altered cell viability and apoptosis in this cell line. An obese mouse model fed a high-fat-diet was employed to determine if there is a correlation between changes in the ZIP12 expression level and sperm quality. RESULTS The ZIP12 mRNA and protein expression levels were higher than those of other ZIP family members in both the mouse testis and other tissues. Importantly, the ZIP12 expression levels were very significantly higher in both mice and human spermatogonia and spermatozoa. Moreover, the testicular ZIP12 expression levels significantly decreased in obese mice, which was associated with reduced sperm zinc content, excessive sperm ROS generation, poor sperm quality and male subfertility. Similarly, exposure to an oxidative stress induced significant declines in the ZIP12 expression level in C18-4 cells. Knockdown of ZIP12 expression mediated by transfection of a ZIP12 siRNA reduced both the zinc content and viability whereas apoptotic activity increased in the C18-4 cell line. CONCLUSIONS The testicular zinc transporter ZIP12 expression levels especially in spermatogonia and spermatozoa are higher than in other tissues. ZIP12 may play a key role in maintaining intracellular zinc content at levels that reduce the inhibitory effects of rises in oxidative stress on spermatogonia and spermatozoa viability during spermatogenesis which help counteract declines in male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chengxuan Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wangshu Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chenyi Jiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zhide Ding
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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10
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Rodríguez-Pérez C, Gómez-Peña C, Pérez-Carrascosa FM, Vrhovnik P, Echeverría R, Salcedo-Bellido I, Mustieles V, Željka F, Arrebola JP. Trace elements concentration in adipose tissue and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a prospective adult cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117496. [PMID: 34438482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the associations of adipose tissue trace element concentrations with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) incidence over a 16-year follow-up period in an adult cohort from Southern Spain. 16-year T2DM incidence was gathered from hospital records. Chemical analyses of Cr, V, Zn, Fe, Cu and Se in adipose tissue were performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multivariable Cox-regression models were used. Complementary cross-sectional analyses with markers of glucose homeostasis at recruitment were performed by multivariable linear regression. Out of 214 participants, 39 developed T2DM during the follow-up. Adipose tissue concentrations of Fe (HR = 1.97, 95% CI: 0.99 to 2.58, p = 0.057), Cr (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.07-2.33, p = 0.022) and Cu (HR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.01-2.58, p = 0.046) were individually associated with T2DM incidence. When Fe, Cr and Cu were simultaneously entered in a model, only Cr was significantly associated with T2DM incidence (HR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.02-2.76, p = 0.041). Furthermore, adipose tissue V (β = 0.283, p = 0.004) and Zn (β = 0.217, p = 0.028) concentrations were positively associated with β-pancreatic cell function (HOMA-β), while Se showed an inverse association (β = -0.049, p = 0.027). Although further research is warranted on the potential mechanisms of action, our results suggest that adipose tissue concentrations of certain trace elements (particularly Fe, Cr and Cu) are associated with the risk of incident T2DM, while V and Zn might have a protective effect. These biomarkers might complement prediction algorithms and contribute to identify patients with an increased risk of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departmento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Melilla, Spain; I Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos 'José Mataix', Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Spain.
| | - Celia Gómez-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco M Pérez-Carrascosa
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Spain; Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Petra Vrhovnik
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG), Ljubjana, Slovenia
| | - Ruth Echeverría
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Vicente Mustieles
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Fiket Željka
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Juan Pedro Arrebola
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada ibs.GRANADA, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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11
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Abstract
Since the discovery of manifest Zn deficiency in 1961, the increasing number of studies demonstrated the association between altered Zn status and multiple diseases. In this chapter, we provide a review of the most recent advances on the role of Zn in health and disease (2010-20), with a special focus on the role of Zn in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, diabetes and obesity, male and female reproduction, as well as COVID-19. In parallel with the revealed tight association between ASD risk and severity and Zn status, the particular mechanisms linking Zn2+ and ASD pathogenesis like modulation of synaptic plasticity through ProSAP/Shank scaffold, neurotransmitter metabolism, and gut microbiota, have been elucidated. The increasing body of data indicate the potential involvement of Zn2+ metabolism in neurodegeneration. Systemic Zn levels in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease were found to be reduced, whereas its sequestration in brain may result in modulation of amyloid β and α-synuclein processing with subsequent toxic effects. Zn2+ was shown to possess adipotropic effects through the role of zinc transporters, zinc finger proteins, and Zn-α2-glycoprotein in adipose tissue physiology, underlying its particular role in pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2. Recent findings also contribute to further understanding of the role of Zn2+ in spermatogenesis and sperm functioning, as well as oocyte development and fertilization. Finally, Zn2+ was shown to be the potential adjuvant therapy in management of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), underlining the perspectives of zinc in management of old and new threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.
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12
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Goncearenco A, LaBarre BA, Petrykowska HM, Jaratlerdsiri W, Bornman MSR, Turner SD, Hayes VM, Elnitski L. DNA methylation profiles unique to Kalahari KhoeSan individuals. Epigenetics 2020; 16:537-553. [PMID: 32892676 PMCID: PMC8078743 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1809852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomes of KhoeSan individuals of the Kalahari Desert provide the greatest understanding of single nucleotide diversity in the human genome. Compared with individuals in industrialized environments, the KhoeSan have a unique foraging and hunting lifestyle. Given these dramatic environmental differences, and the responsiveness of the methylome to environmental exposures of many types, we hypothesized that DNA methylation patterns would differ between KhoeSan and neighbouring agropastoral and/or industrial Bantu. We analysed Illumina HumanMethylation 450 k array data generated from blood samples from 38 KhoeSan and 42 Bantu, and 6 Europeans. After removing CpG positions associated with annotated and novel polymorphisms and controlling for white blood cell composition, sex, age and technical variation we identified 816 differentially methylated CpG loci, out of which 133 had an absolute beta-value difference of at least 0.05. Notably SLC39A4/ZIP4, which plays a role in zinc transport, was one of the most differentially methylated loci. Although the chronological ages of the KhoeSan are not formally recorded, we compared historically estimated ages to methylation-based calculations. This study demonstrates that the epigenetic profile of KhoeSan individuals reveals differences from other populations, and along with extensive genetic diversity, this community brings increased accessibility and understanding to the diversity of the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Goncearenco
- Genomic Functional Analysis Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brenna A LaBarre
- Genomic Functional Analysis Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Weerachai Jaratlerdsiri
- Laboratory for Human Comparative & Prostate Cancer Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - M S Riana Bornman
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Stephen D Turner
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vanessa M Hayes
- Laboratory for Human Comparative & Prostate Cancer Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia.,School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Laura Elnitski
- Genomic Functional Analysis Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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13
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Iron Metabolism in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155529. [PMID: 32752277 PMCID: PMC7432525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an excessive adipose tissue accumulation that may have detrimental effects on health. Particularly, childhood obesity has become one of the main public health problems in the 21st century, since its prevalence has widely increased in recent years. Childhood obesity is intimately related to the development of several comorbidities such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-congenital cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammation and anemia, among others. Within this tangled interplay between these comorbidities and associated pathological conditions, obesity has been closely linked to important perturbations in iron metabolism. Iron is the second most abundant metal on Earth, but its bioavailability is hampered by its ability to form highly insoluble oxides, with iron deficiency being the most common nutritional disorder. Although every living organism requires iron, it may also cause toxic oxygen damage by generating oxygen free radicals through the Fenton reaction. Thus, iron homeostasis and metabolism must be tightly regulated in humans at every level (i.e., absorption, storage, transport, recycling). Dysregulation of any step involved in iron metabolism may lead to iron deficiencies and, eventually, to the anemic state related to obesity. In this review article, we summarize the existent evidence on the role of the most recently described components of iron metabolism and their alterations in obesity.
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14
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The Mechanism of Zinc Sulfate in Improving Fertility in Obese Rats Analyzed by Sperm Proteomic Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9876363. [PMID: 32462040 PMCID: PMC7222545 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9876363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanism underlying the improving effect of zinc on fertility in obese rats using proteomics. The effects of three different doses of ZnSO4 on spermatogenesis and hormone levels were studied. Testicular spermatogenesis was observed by HE staining. Serum estrogen and testosterone levels were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Sperm proteomic analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The DAVID database was used to perform the GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes, and the STRING online database was used to construct a PPI network. The sperm count, sperm motility, and testosterone hormones of the ZnSO4-treated rats group were increased. ZnSO4 improved testicular structure and spermatogenesis abnormalities caused by obesity. Proteomic analysis showed that there were 401 differentially expressed proteins in a total of 6 sperm samples from the ZnSO4-treated group and the obesity groups. Differential proteins were input into the DAVID website. The 341 identified proteins were then classified according to their biological functions. The KEGG analysis showed that the enriched signal pathways included glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, carbon metabolism, citrate cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism. Some proteins were shown to be associated with valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation pathways. STRING analysis obtained 36 node proteins. Cytoscape analysis showed that these proteins mainly participated in nine networks including metabolic process, oxidation-reduction, aerobic respiration, RNA splicing, and glutathione conjugation. ZnSO4 may improve the fertility of obese male rats by regulating protein expression related to metabolism, inflammation, and sperm maturation.
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15
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Freeland-Graves JH, Sachdev PK, Binderberger AZ, Sosanya ME. Global diversity of dietary intakes and standards for zinc, iron, and copper. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126515. [PMID: 32450495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The essentiality of trace elements in human diets is well recognized and adequate levels are a critical component of optimal health. To date, public health efforts have focused primarily on macronutrients or trace minerals that are easily analyzed. The goal of this research is to provide assessment of the dietary standards developed for Zn, Fe, and Cu in 100+ developed, marginal, and developing countries. We summarize the current recommendations and changes from the last decade, categorize and provide scientific basis for values established, factors that affect requirements, and current global challenges. METHODS The electronic databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched using the keywords "trace minerals," "micronutrients, ""zinc," "iron," "copper," "dietary standards" and "recommendations." A total of 123 studies published from 1965 to 2019 were included. RESULTS The World Health Organization (WHO) has established dietary standards to address nutrient deficiencies, prevent infections and ensure basic metabolic functions; these are utilized by most developing countries. Developed countries or their alliances have established values similar to or higher than the WHO, primarily for promotion of optimal health and well-being. Transitional countries are more concerned with issues of bioavailability, food security and undernutrition. Globally, Zn and Cu recommendations are lower in women than in men; Fe requirements are higher to compensate for menstrual losses. Important considerations in establishing guidelines for these minerals include bioaccessibility, dietary practices and restrictions, food processing, interactions, and chemical forms. The global challenges of the triple burden of malnutrition, hidden hunger, increased consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity have been associated with Zn, Fe, and Cu deficiencies. CONCLUSION This research provides public policy and health professionals evidenced-based information useful for the establishment of dietary standards world-wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne H Freeland-Graves
- T.S Painter Hall 5.20, The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, 103 W 24TH ST A2703, Austin, TX, 78712, United States.
| | - Prageet K Sachdev
- T.S Painter Hall 3.18, The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, 103W 24th St A2703, Austin, TX, 78712, United States.
| | - Annemarie Zamora Binderberger
- T.S Painter Hall 3.18, The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, 103W 24th St A2703, Austin, TX, 78712, United States.
| | - Mercy Eloho Sosanya
- T.S Painter Hall 3.18, The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, 103W 24th St A2703, Austin, TX, 78712, United States.
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16
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Dehghan Shahreza F, Seifi HA, Mohri M. The effects of dry period body condition score on some trace minerals, oxidative, and inflammatory indicators in transition dairy cows. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Body condition score (BCS) management throughout the dry period to calving is one of the strategies that can ensure optimal overall health and high milk yield after parturition.
Aim
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of BCS during the dry period on serum concentrations of some trace elements, oxidative, and inflammatory indices during the transition period of Holstein cows.
Methods
Fifty multiparous cows were classified based on their dry BCS (scale of 1 to 5) at the beginning of dry period as non-fat (NFC) (BCS <3.75; BCS minimum: 3; BCS maximum: 3.5, BCS means: 3.36; n = 25), and fat (FC) (BCS ≥ 3.75; BCS maximum: 4.25, means: 3.87; n = 25) groups, and received similar diet and kept under same management condition. Sampling was performed at 14 ± 2 days before expected calving date and 10, 20 and 30 days after calving.
Key results
FC had lower zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn) concentrations. Furthermore, iron (Fe) concentrations were significantly higher in FC in comparison with NFC –14 days before parturition. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and haptoglobin (Hp) elevated significantly in FC 20 days after calving, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher in NFC on day 14 before calving. Its activities increased significantly in FC on day30thof lactation. In addition, the highest serum ferric reducing antioxidants power (FRAP) and copper (Cu) and the lowest serum paraoxonase 1(PON1) and iron (Fe) concentrations were observed on day 20th of lactation.
Conclusion
Serum Zn, Mn, and Cr amounts were significantly affected by BCS. Furthermore, fat cows had more extensively endogenous antioxidant and inflammatory responses.
Implication
Our data highlights the fact that although all cellular metabolic, oxidative and inflammatory processes varied at different times of transition period, fat cows are more susceptible to metabolic and health disorders than non-fat animals.
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17
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Yuan Y, Long P, Liu K, Xiao Y, He S, Li J, Mo T, Liu Y, Yu Y, Wang H, Zhou L, Liu X, Yang H, Li X, Min X, Zhang C, Zhang X, Pan A, He M, Hu FB, Navas-Acien A, Wu T. Multiple plasma metals, genetic risk and serum C-reactive protein: A metal-metal and gene-metal interaction study. Redox Biol 2019; 29:101404. [PMID: 31926627 PMCID: PMC6921203 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-recognized biomarker of inflammation, which can be used as a predictor of cardiovascular disease. Evidence have suggested exposure to multiple metals/metalloids may affect immune system and give rise to cardiovascular disease. However, it is lack of study to comprehensively evaluate the association of multiple metals and CRP, the interactions between metals, and the gene-metal interaction in relation to CRP levels. Aims To explore the associations of multiple plasma metals with serum CRP, and to test the interactions between metals, and gene-metal interactions on the levels of serum CRP. Methods We included 2882 participants from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort, China, and measured 23 plasma metals and serum CRP concentrations. The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on 7 established CRP-associated variants. For metals which were associated with the levels of CRP, we further tested the interactions between metals on CRP, and analyzed the gene-metal interactions on CRP. Results The median level for CRP in the total population was 1.17 mg/L. After multivariable adjustment, plasma copper was positively associated with serum CRP (FDR < 0.001), whereas selenium was negatively associated with serum CRP (FDR = 0.01). Moreover, selenium and zinc attenuated the positive association between high plasma copper and CRP (P for interaction < 0.001). Participants with a higher GRS had a higher CRP level, with the increase in ln-transformed CRP per increment of 5 risk alleles were 0.64 for weighted GRS, and 0.54 for unweighted GRS (both P < 0.001). Furthermore, the genetic association with CRP was modified by copper concentration (P for interaction < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that serum CRP is positively associated with plasma concentration of copper, and inversely associated with selenium. Plasma zinc, selenium and CRP genetic predisposition would modify the associations between plasma copper and serum CRP. We found that serum CRP was positively associated with plasma copper, and inversely associated with selenium. The positive association of plasma copper with serum CRP appeared to be attenuated with high plasma zinc and selenium. This is the first study that explored the potential gene-metal interactions in relation to CRP levels. These novel findings may provide new insights to personalized prevention and interventions for inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pinpin Long
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqi He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tingting Mo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqiu Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lue Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuezhen Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiulou Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xinwen Min
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Giacconi R, Malavolta M, Chiodi L, Boccoli G, Costarelli L, Bonfigli AR, Galeazzi R, Piacenza F, Basso A, Gasparini N, Nisi L, Testa R, Provinciali M. ZnT8 Arg325Trp polymorphism influences zinc transporter expression and cytokine production in PBMCs from patients with diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 144:102-110. [PMID: 30142362 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS ZnT8 Arg325Trp polymorphism has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) susceptibility. The Arg-325 risk variant shows accelerated zinc (Zn) transport kinetic and reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic cells. However, it remains unexplored the role of Znt8 polymorphism in the regulation of Zn homeostasis and inflammatory response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from T2DM patients. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 556 healthy controls and 413 T2DM patients were genotyped for ZnT8 Arg325Trp polymorphism confirming the association of Arg-325 variant with an increased T2DM risk (OR = 1.35 95% C.I: 1.10-1.66; p = 0.0044). Moreover, PBMCs from Arg/Arg T2DM subjects showed increased intracellular free Zn, higher gene expression of Metallothioneins, Znt1, Znt8, Zip2 genes, and reduced Znt4 and Znt7. Higher release of IL-1α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-12p70 and TNF-α and a reduced IL-10 secretion after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were observed in PBMCs from Arg/Arg T2DM carriers as compared to subjects with the Trp variant. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence of a substantial different Zn homeostasis regulation between Znt8 Arg-325 and Trp-325 carriers in PBMCs from T2DM patients. Moreover, Znt8 Arg-325 risk variant shows an enhanced inflammatory response upon LPS stimulation that might aggravate insulin resistance and the progression of diabetes cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy.
| | - M Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - L Chiodi
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Boccoli
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - L Costarelli
- Clinical Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - A R Bonfigli
- Scientific Direction, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - R Galeazzi
- Clinical Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - A Basso
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - N Gasparini
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - L Nisi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - R Testa
- Clinical Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics, INRCA-IRCCS, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific and Technological Pole, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
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Gartmann L, Wex T, Grüngreiff K, Reinhold D, Kalinski T, Malfertheiner P, Schütte K. Expression of zinc transporters ZIP4, ZIP14 and ZnT9 in hepatic carcinogenesis-An immunohistochemical study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 49:35-42. [PMID: 29895370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulation of both, systemic zinc levels and tissue-specific zinc transporters, is reported in chronic inflammatory and malignant liver disease (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC). Aim of this study is to assess the expression level of three zinc transporters in liver tissue and HCC: ZIP4, ZIP14 and ZnT9. METHODS The study is based on tissue samples obtained from 138 patients with histologically proven HCC. Tissue specimens from tumor (n = 138) and extra-lesional specimens (n = 72) were assessed immunohistochemically for the expression of the three zinc transporters. Expression levels were semi-quantitatively scored and statistically analyzed with respect to the etiology of HCC (alcohol, AFLD; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD; virus-hepatitis, VH) and survival. RESULTS Overall, expression levels of ZIP4, ZIP14 and ZnT9 were significantly higher in HCC tissue than in adjacent extra-lesional liver tissue. Expression levels in tumor tissue and survival time revealed a negative correlation for ZIP4 and ZIP14, and in part for ZnT9 (nuclear staining) (p < 0.05), whereas cytoplasmic staining of ZnT9 did not correlate with survival. Furthermore, the expression level of ZIP4 in extra-lesional tissue showed inverse correlation with survival time. CONCLUSION The upregulation of zinc transporters in hepatic carcinogenesis and its negative correlation with survival time implies a regulatory/functional link between zinc-homeostasis and development/progression of HCC that deserves to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gartmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Medical Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases "Prof. Schenk/Dr. Ansorge & Colleagues", Department Molecular Genetics, Schwiesaustr. 11, D-39124, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wex
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Medical Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases "Prof. Schenk/Dr. Ansorge & Colleagues", Department Molecular Genetics, Schwiesaustr. 11, D-39124, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Grüngreiff
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, City Hospital Magdeburg, Klinikum Magdeburg GmbH, Birkenallee 34, D-39130, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kalinski
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schütte
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken, Marienhospital Osnabrück GmbH, Bischofsstraße 1, D-49074, Osnabrück, Germany.
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20
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Zinc Transporter Proteins. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:517-530. [PMID: 29243032 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, which is involved in the structure of all enzyme classes, is a micro nutrient element and necessary for growth and development. The ability of zinc to function without causing toxic effects is depends on the protection of its homeostasis. Zinc transporter proteins are responsible for keeping zinc at certain concentrations. Based on their predicted membrane topology, Zn transporters are divided into two major families, SLC39s/ZIPs and SLC30s/ZnTs, which transport Zn in opposite directions through cellular and intracellular membranes. ZIPs increases the zinc concentration in the cytosol. For this, the ZIPs carries the zinc from extracellular and intracellular compartments to the cytosol. ZnTs, reduces the concentration of zinc in the cytosol. For this, ZnTs carries the zinc from the cytosol to extracellular and intracellular compartments. After being transported to the cell, 50% of the zinc is found in the cytoplasm, 30-40% in the nucleus, and 10% in the plasma and organelle membranes. The expression of many zinc transporter proteins in the cell is depending on the concentration of zinc and the physiological problems. The aim of this study is to give information about association of zinc transporter proteins with physiological events and health problems.
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21
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Zinc status is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid, and glucose metabolism. J Physiol Sci 2017; 68:19-31. [PMID: 28965330 PMCID: PMC5754376 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have reported that zinc plays a substantial role in the development of metabolic syndrome, taking part in the regulation of cytokine expression, suppressing inflammation, and is also required to activate antioxidant enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species, reducing oxidative stress. Zinc also plays a role in the correct functioning of lipid and glucose metabolism, regulating and forming the expression of insulin. In numerous studies, zinc supplementation has been found to improve blood pressure, glucose, and LDL cholesterol serum level. Deeper knowledge of zinc’s properties may help in treating metabolic syndrome, thus protecting against stroke and angina pectoris, and ultimately against death.
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22
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Lawson R, Maret W, Hogstrand C. Expression of the ZIP/SLC39A transporters in β-cells: a systematic review and integration of multiple datasets. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:719. [PMID: 28893192 PMCID: PMC5594519 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic β-cells require a constant supply of zinc to maintain normal insulin secretory function. Following co-exocytosis with insulin, zinc is replenished via the Zrt- and Irt-like (ZIP; SLC39A) family of transporters. However the ZIP paralogues of particular importance for zinc uptake, and associations with β-cell function and Type 2 Diabetes remain largely unexplored. We retrieved and statistically analysed publically available microarray and RNA-seq datasets to perform a systematic review on the expression of β-cell SLC39A paralogues. We complemented results with experimental data on expression profiling of human islets and mouse β-cell derived MIN6 cells, and compared transcriptomic and proteomic sequence conservation between human, mouse and rat. RESULTS The 14 ZIP paralogues have 73-98% amino sequence conservation between human and rodents. We identified 18 datasets for β-cell SLC39A analysis, which compared relative expression to non-β-cells, and expression in response to PDX-1 activity, cytokines, glucose and type 2 diabetic status. Published expression data demonstrate enrichment of transcripts for ZIP7 and ZIP9 transporters within rodent β-cells and of ZIP6, ZIP7 and ZIP14 within human β-cells, with ZIP1 most differentially expressed in response to cytokines and PDX-1 within rodent, and ZIP6 in response to diabetic status in human and glucose in rat. Our qPCR expression profiling data indicate that SLC39A6, -9, -13, and - 14 are the highest expressed paralogues in human β-cells and Slc39a6 and -7 in MIN6 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review, expression profiling and sequence alignment reveal similarities and potentially important differences in ZIP complements between human and rodent β-cells. We identify ZIP6, ZIP7, ZIP9, ZIP13 and ZIP14 in human and rodent and ZIP1 in rodent as potentially biologically important for β-cell zinc trafficking. We propose ZIP6 and ZIP7 are key functional orthologues in human and rodent β-cells and highlight these zinc importers as important targets for exploring associations between zinc status and normal physiology of β-cells and their decline in Type 2 Diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lawson
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Metal Metabolism Group, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Metal Metabolism Group, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Metal Metabolism Group, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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23
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Beaver LM, Nkrumah-Elie YM, Truong L, Barton CL, Knecht AL, Gonnerman GD, Wong CP, Tanguay RL, Ho E. Adverse effects of parental zinc deficiency on metal homeostasis and embryonic development in a zebrafish model. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 43:78-87. [PMID: 28268202 PMCID: PMC5406264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of zinc deficiency is a global public health concern, and suboptimal maternal zinc consumption has been associated with adverse effects ranging from impaired glucose tolerance to low birthweights. The mechanisms that contribute to altered development and poor health in zinc deficient offspring are not completely understood. To address this gap, we utilized the Danio rerio model and investigated the impact of dietary zinc deficiency on adults and their developing progeny. Zinc deficient adult fish were significantly smaller in size, and had decreases in learning and fitness. We hypothesized that parental zinc deficiency would have an impact on their offspring's mineral homeostasis and embryonic development. Results from mineral analysis showed that parental zinc deficiency caused their progeny to be zinc deficient. Furthermore, parental dietary zinc deficiency had adverse consequences for their offspring including a significant increase in mortality and decreased physical activity. Zinc deficient embryos had altered expression of genes that regulate metal homeostasis including several zinc transporters (ZnT8, ZnT9) and the metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF-1). Zinc deficiency was also associated with decreased expression of genes related to diabetes and pancreatic development in the embryo (Insa, Pax4, Pdx1). Decreased expression of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt4, Dnmt6) was also found in zinc deficient offspring, which suggests that zinc deficiency in parents may cause altered epigenetic profiles for their progeny. These data should inform future studies regarding zinc deficiency and pregnancy and suggest that supplementation of zinc deficient mothers prior to pregnancy may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Beaver
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Yasmeen M Nkrumah-Elie
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; The Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, 1011 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.
| | - Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; The Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, 1011 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.
| | - Carrie L Barton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; The Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, 1011 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.
| | - Andrea L Knecht
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; The Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, 1011 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.
| | - Greg D Gonnerman
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; The Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, 1011 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States.
| | - Carmen P Wong
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; The Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, 1011 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States; Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, 3021 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
| | - Emily Ho
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; The Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, 1011 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States; Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, 3021 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, Oregon State University, 212 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
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24
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Cruz KJC, Morais JBS, de Oliveira ARS, Severo JS, Marreiro DDN. The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Insulin Resistance in Obese Subjects: a Systematic Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 176:239-243. [PMID: 27587022 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat and the presence of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance. In this sense, zinc is an important nutrient that stimulates insulin secretion and increases sensitivity to insulin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation on insulin resistance in obese subjects through a systematic review of the available clinical trials. The search for articles was conducted using the PubMed, SciVerse Scopus, SciVerse ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases, on May 25, 2016, by two authors independently. The recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed in the conduct of this review. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias of the trials included in this review. After screening of the articles, six clinical trials were included in this systematic review. The scientific evidence presented in this systematic review shows that zinc supplementation improves insulin resistance in obese individuals of both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyria Jayanne Clímaco Cruz
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Ana Raquel Soares de Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Juliana Soares Severo
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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Chu A, Foster M, Hancock D, Petocz P, Samman S. Interrelationships among mediators of cellular zinc homeostasis in healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus populations. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27957812 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The involvement of zinc in multiple physiological systems requires tight control of cellular zinc concentration. This study aims to explore the relationships among selected mediators of cellular zinc homeostasis in an apparently healthy (AH) population and a cohort with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS AND RESULTS Baseline data of three trials forming two cohorts, AH (n = 70) and T2DM (n = 42), were used for multivariate analyses to identify groupings within ten zinc transporter and metallothionein (MT) gene expressions, stratified by health status. Multiple regression models were used to explore relationships among zinc transporter/MT groupings and plasma zinc. Gene expression of zinc transporters and MTs, with the exception of ZnT6, were significantly lower in the T2DM cohort (p < 0.01). Cluster analysis showed that the groupings of zinc transporters and MTs were largely similar between the two cohorts, with the exception for ZnT1 and ZIP7. Zinc transporters and MTs were significant determinants of plasma zinc (r2 = 0.48, p = 0.001) in the AH cohort, but not in the T2DM cohort. CONCLUSION The current study suggests altered cellular zinc homeostasis in T2DM and supports the use of multiple zinc transporters and MTs groupings to further understand zinc homeostasis in health and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chu
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Meika Foster
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dale Hancock
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Petocz
- Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samir Samman
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Hernández EÁ, Kahl S, Seelig A, Begovatz P, Irmler M, Kupriyanova Y, Nowotny B, Nowotny P, Herder C, Barosa C, Carvalho F, Rozman J, Neschen S, Jones JG, Beckers J, de Angelis MH, Roden M. Acute dietary fat intake initiates alterations in energy metabolism and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:695-708. [PMID: 28112681 DOI: 10.1172/jci89444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake of saturated fat is a likely contributor to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance, but the mechanisms that initiate these abnormalities in humans remain unclear. We examined the effects of a single oral saturated fat load on insulin sensitivity, hepatic glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism in humans. Similarly, initiating mechanisms were examined after an equivalent challenge in mice. METHODS Fourteen lean, healthy individuals randomly received either palm oil (PO) or vehicle (VCL). Hepatic metabolism was analyzed using in vivo 13C/31P/1H and ex vivo 2H magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with isotope dilution. Mice underwent identical clamp procedures and hepatic transcriptome analyses. RESULTS PO administration decreased whole-body, hepatic, and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity by 25%, 15%, and 34%, respectively. Hepatic triglyceride and ATP content rose by 35% and 16%, respectively. Hepatic gluconeogenesis increased by 70%, and net glycogenolysis declined by 20%. Mouse transcriptomics revealed that PO differentially regulates predicted upstream regulators and pathways, including LPS, members of the TLR and PPAR families, NF-κB, and TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK). CONCLUSION Saturated fat ingestion rapidly increases hepatic lipid storage, energy metabolism, and insulin resistance. This is accompanied by regulation of hepatic gene expression and signaling that may contribute to development of NAFLD.REGISTRATION. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01736202. FUNDING Germany: Ministry of Innovation, Science, and Research North Rhine-Westfalia, German Federal Ministry of Health, Federal Ministry of Education and Research, German Center for Diabetes Research, German Research Foundation, and German Diabetes Association. Portugal: Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, FEDER - European Regional Development Fund, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, and Rede Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear.
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27
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Lais LL, de Lima Vale SH, Xavier CA, de Araujo Silva A, Aydemir TB, Cousins RJ. Effect of A One-Week Balanced Diet on Expression of Genes Related to Zinc Metabolism and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Clin Nutr Res 2016; 5:26-32. [PMID: 26839874 PMCID: PMC4731859 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2016.5.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of diet on metabolic control and zinc metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One-week balanced diet was provided to 10 Brazilians patients with T2DM. Nutritional assessment, laboratorial parameters and expression of zinc transporter and inflammatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were performed. Healthy non-diabetic subjects of the same demographic were recruited to provide baseline data. Diabetic patients had higher body mass index and greater fasting plasma glucose, plasma tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and plasma interleukin 6 (IL6) levels compared with healthy subjects. In addition, the expression of transporters 4 (ZnT4) mRNA was lower and IL6 mRNA was higher in PBMC of these diabetic patients than in healthy subject. One week after a balanced diet was provided, fasting plasma glucose decreased significantly as did TNFα, IL6 and Metallothionein 1 (MT1) mRNAs. No change was observed in zinc transporter expression in PBMC after the dietary intervention. A healthy eating pattern maintained for one week was able to improve metabolic control of diabetic patients by lowering fasting plasma glucose. This metabolic control may be related to down-regulation of zinc-related transcripts from PBMCs, as TNFα, IL6 and MT1 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Leite Lais
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59084-100, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alfredo de Araujo Silva
- Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Tolunay Beker Aydemir
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, United States
| | - Robert J Cousins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, United States
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28
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Noh H, Paik HY, Kim J, Chung J. The changes of zinc transporter ZnT gene expression in response to zinc supplementation in obese women. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 162:38-45. [PMID: 25240971 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an alteration in zinc metabolism. This alteration may be associated with changes in gene expression of zinc transporters. In this study, we examined the leukocyte expression of zinc transporter ZnTs in response to zinc supplementation in young obese women. Thirty-five young obese women (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)), aged 18-28 years, were randomly assigned to two groups: a placebo group or a zinc group (30 mg zinc/day for 8 weeks). Usual dietary zinc intake was estimated from 3-day diet records. Serum zinc and urinary zinc concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of leukocyte ZnT transporters were examined using quantitative real-time PCR. Expression levels of two ZnT transporters, ZnT1 and ZnT5, in obese women, increased significantly after zinc supplementation. At the end of the study, mRNA levels of ZnT1 and ZnT5 showed no correlation with serum zinc or urinary zinc concentration in obese women. In addition, a further study was conducted to identify whether the association between the gene expression levels of leukocyte ZnT1 and ZnT5 and dietary zinc intake remained consistent in 216 healthy young adults aged 20-29 years. A positive correlation between ZnT1 and dietary zinc intake (r = 0.181, P = 0.089) was also observed in healthy men although the significance was marginal. Taken together, these results show that the gene expression levels of ZnT1 and ZnT5 may be changed by zinc intake, suggesting that zinc supplementation could potentially restore ZnT transporter expression in obese women with altered zinc metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwayoung Noh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
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29
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De Paula RC, Aneni EC, Costa APR, Figueiredo VN, Moura FA, Freitas WM, Quaglia LA, Santos SN, Soares AA, Nadruz W, Blaha M, Blumenthal R, Agatston A, Nasir K, Sposito AC. Low zinc levels is associated with increased inflammatory activity but not with atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis or endothelial dysfunction among the very elderly. BBA CLINICAL 2014; 2:1-6. [PMID: 26676114 PMCID: PMC4633969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced zinc intake has been related to atherogenesis and arteriosclerosis. We verified this assumption in very old individuals, which are particularly prone to both zinc deficiency and structural and functional changes in the arterial wall. METHODS Subjects (n = 201, 80-102 years) with uneventful cardiovascular history and who were not in use of anti-inflammatory treatments in the last 30-days were enrolled. Daily intake of zinc, lipid profile, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma zinc, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), carotid ultrasonography and cardiac computed tomography were obtained. Young's Elastic Modulus, Stiffness Index and Artery Compliance were calculated. RESULTS There was no significant difference in clinical or laboratorial data between subjects grouped according to plasma zinc tertile, except for CRP (p = 0.01) and blood leukocytes (p = 0.002), of which levels were higher in the upper tertiles. The average daily intake of zinc was not significantly correlated with zinc or CRP plasma levels. The plasma zinc/zinc intake ratio was inversely correlated with plasma CRP levels (- 0.18; p = 0.01). There was no significant difference between the plasma zinc tertiles and FMD, carotid intima-media thickness, coronary calcium score, carotid plaque presence, remodeled noncalcified coronary plaques, or low-attenuation noncalcified coronary plaques. CONCLUSION Although plasma zinc level is inversely related to systemic inflammatory activity, its plasma levels of daily intake are not associated to alterations in structure or function of the arterial wall. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE In the very elderly plasma concentrations or daily intake of zinc is not related to endothelial dysfunction, arteriosclerosis or atherosclerotic burden at coronary or carotid arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehimen C. Aneni
- Center for Prevention and Wellness, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Filipe A. Moura
- State University of Campinas Medical School (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz A. Quaglia
- State University of Campinas Medical School (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wilson Nadruz
- State University of Campinas Medical School (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger Blumenthal
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arthur Agatston
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Center for Prevention and Wellness, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrei C. Sposito
- State University of Campinas Medical School (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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30
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Chu A, Foster M, Hancock D, Bell-Anderson K, Petocz P, Samman S. TNF-α gene expression is increased following zinc supplementation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 10:440. [PMID: 25403095 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) can elicit changes in whole-body zinc metabolism. The interaction among the expression of inflammatory cytokines, zinc transporter and metallothionein (MT) genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in type 2 DM remains unclear. In a 12-week randomized controlled trial, the effects of zinc (40 mg/day) supplementation on the gene expression of cytokines, zinc transporters and MT in women with type 2 DM were examined. In the zinc-supplemented group, gene expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α tended to be upregulated by 27 ± 10 % at week 12 compared to baseline (P = 0.053). TNF-α fold change in the zinc-treated group was higher than in those without zinc supplementation (P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the expression or fold change of interleukin (IL)-1β or IL-6. Numerous bivariate relationships were observed between the fold changes of cytokines and zinc transporters, including ZnT7 with IL-1β (P < 0.01), IL-6 (P < 0.01) and TNF-α (P < 0.01). In multiple regression analysis, IL-1β expression was predicted by the expression of all zinc transporters and MT measured at baseline (r (2) = 0.495, P < 0.05) and at week 12 (r (2) = 0.532, P < 0.03). The current study presents preliminary evidence that zinc supplementation increases cytokine gene expression in type 2 DM. The relationships found among zinc transporters, MT and cytokines suggest close interactions between zinc homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chu
- Discipline of Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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31
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Zinc fortification decreases ZIP1 gene expression of some adolescent females with appropriate plasma zinc levels. Nutrients 2014; 6:2229-39. [PMID: 24922175 PMCID: PMC4073146 DOI: 10.3390/nu6062229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc homeostasis is achieved after intake variation by changes in the expression levels of zinc transporters. The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary intake (by 24-h recall), absorption, plasma zinc (by absorption spectrophotometry) and the expression levels (by quantitative PCR), of the transporters ZIP1 (zinc importer) and ZnT1 (zinc exporter) in peripheral white blood cells from 24 adolescent girls before and after drinking zinc-fortified milk for 27 day. Zinc intake increased (p < 0.001) from 10.5 ± 3.9 mg/day to 17.6 ± 4.4 mg/day, and its estimated absorption from 3.1 ± 1.2 to 5.3 ± 1.3 mg/day. Mean plasma zinc concentration remained unchanged (p > 0.05) near 150 µg/dL, but increased by 31 µg/dL (p < 0.05) for 6/24 adolescents (group A) and decreased by 25 µg/dL (p < 0.05) for other 6/24 adolescents (group B). Expression of ZIP1 in blood leukocytes was reduced 1.4-fold (p < 0.006) in group A, while for the expression of ZnT1 there was no difference after intervention (p = 0.39). An increase of dietary zinc after 27-days consumption of fortified-milk did not increase (p > 0.05) the plasma level of adolescent girls but for 6/24 participants from group A in spite of the formerly appropriation, which cellular zinc uptake decreased as assessed by reduction of the expression of ZIP1.
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