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Li J, Li Y, Wang C, Mao Z, Yang T, Li Y, Xing W, Li Z, Zhao J, Li L. Dietary Potassium and Magnesium Intake with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Rural China: the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3932-3944. [PMID: 38049705 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies exploring the relationship between dietary potassium and magnesium intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have yielded inconsistent results and the lack evidence from rural China. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary potassium and magnesium intake and the risk of T2DM in rural China. Data was collected from the Henan Rural Cohort Study in 2017. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire assessed dietary potassium and magnesium intake. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the effect of dietary potassium, magnesium and the potassium-magnesium ratio on the risk of T2DM. A total of 38384 individuals were included in the study, and 3616 participants developed T2DM. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the OR (95% CI) of the highest versus dietary potassium and magnesium and potassium-magnesium ratio intakes were 0.67 (0.59, 0.75), 0.76 (0.67, 0.88), and 0.57 (0.50, 0.66), respectively, compared to the subjects with the lowest quartile of intakes. In addition, gender partially influences the relationship between dietary magnesium and T2DM prevalence (P-interaction = 0.042). The group with the highest dietary potassium and dietary magnesium intake had the lowest risk of T2DM, with an OR (95% CI) of 0.63 (0.51-0.77). Dietary potassium and magnesium intake are important modifiable risk factors for T2DM in rural China. Dietary potassium intake > 1.8g/day, dietary magnesium intake > 358.6mg/day and < 414.7mg/day and potassium-magnesium ratio >5.1 should be encouraged to prevent better and manage T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguo Xing
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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Wang D, Ye H, Liu S, Duan H, Ma Q, Yao N, Gui Z, Yu G, Liu L, Wan H, Shen J. Sex- and age-specific associations of serum essential elements with diabetes among the Chinese adults: a community-based cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:44. [PMID: 38982520 PMCID: PMC11232217 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies have found the relationship between essential elements and diabetes, the studies about the association of essential elements with diabetes diagnosed according to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a sex- and age-specific manner were limited. To investigate the linear and nonlinear relationship of five essential elements including iron (Fe), copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) with diabetes, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), and HbA1c and to evaluate the sex- and age-specific heterogeneities in these relationships. METHODS A total of 8392 community-dwelling adults were recruited to complete a questionnaire and undergo checkups of anthropometric parameters and serum levels of five metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, and Ca). The multivariable logistic and linear regression, the restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and subgroup analysis were applied to find the associations between the essential elements and the prevalence of diabetes as well as FPG, PPG, and HbA1c. RESULTS In the multivariable logistic regression and multivariable linear regression, serum Cu was positively associated with FPG, PPG, and HbA1c while serum Mg was significantly inversely correlated with FPG, PPG, HbA1c, and diabetes (all P < 0.001). In the RCS analysis, the non-linear relationship of Cu and diabetes (P < 0.001) was found. In the subgroup analysis, stronger positive associations of Cu with diabetes (P for interaction = 0.027) and PPG (P for interaction = 0.002) were found in younger women. CONCLUSIONS These findings may lead to more appropriate approaches to essential elements supplementation in people with diabetes of different ages and sexes. However, more prospective cohort and experimental studies are needed to probe the possible mechanism of sex- and age-specific associations between serum essential elements and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 of Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, 528308, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 of Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, 528308, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 of Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, 528308, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hualin Duan
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 of Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, 528308, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qintao Ma
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 of Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, 528308, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nanfang Yao
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 of Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, 528308, Guangdong Province, China
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zihao Gui
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 of Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, 528308, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Genfeng Yu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 of Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, 528308, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 of Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, 528308, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Heng Wan
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 of Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, 528308, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jie Shen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), No.1 of Jiazi Road, Lunjiao, Shunde District, Foshan City, 528308, Guangdong Province, China.
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Gheorghe AM, Ciobica ML, Nistor C, Gurzun MM, Sandulescu BA, Stanciu M, Popa FL, Carsote M. Inquiry of the Metabolic Traits in Relationship with Daily Magnesium Intake: Focus on Type 2 Diabetic Population. Clin Pract 2024; 14:1319-1347. [PMID: 39051301 PMCID: PMC11270223 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg), an essential nutrient with a wide area of physiological roles, stands as a cofactor in over 600 enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, DNA repair, neuromuscular functions, neuronal transmission, cardiac rhythm regulation, and the modulation of metabolic pathways, as well as acting as a natural blocker for the calcium channels. Our objective was to highlight the most recent clinical data with respect to daily Mg intake (DMI) and metabolic traits, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This was a PubMed-based review of the English-language medical papers across different key terms of search; the time frame was from January 2019 until April 2024. We included (clinically relevant) original studies and excluded cases reports, series, reviews, editorials, opinion, experimental studies, and non-human data as well as studies that did not specifically assessed DMI and only provided assays of serum Mg, studies on patients diagnosed with type 1 or secondary DM. A total of 30 studies were included and we organized the key findings into several sections as follows. Studies investigating DMI in relationship with the adherence to local recommendations in diabetic subjects (n = 2, one transversal and another retrospective cohort; N = 2823) found that most of them had lower DMI. Deficient DMI was correlated with the risk of developing/having DM across five studies (n = 5, one prospective and four of cross-sectional design; N = 47,166). An inverse correlation between DMI and DM prevalence was identified, but these data are presented amid a rather heterogeneous spectrum. Four novel studies (N = 7279) analysed the relationship between DMI and DM control according to various methods (HbA1c, fasting and postprandial glycaemia, and insulin); the association may be linear in diabetic subjects only at certain levels of DMI; additionally, the multifactorial influence on HBA1c should take into consideration this dietary determinant, as well, but there are no homogenous results. Three studies concerning DMI and diabetic complications (one cross-sectional, one prospective, and another case-control study) in terms of retinopathy (n = 1, N = 3794) and nephropathy (n = 2, N = 4805) suggested a lower DMI was associated with a higher risk of such complications. Additionally, two other studies (one prospective and one retrospective cohort) focused on mortality (N = 6744), which, taking only certain mortality indicators into consideration, might be decreased in the subgroups with a higher DMI. Seven studies (N = 30,610) analysed the perspective of DMI in the general population with the endpoint of different features amid glucose profile, particularly, insulin resistance. Concerning HOMA-IR, there were three confirmatory studies and one non-confirmatory, while fasting plasma glucose was highlighted as inversely correlated with a DMI (n = 1). The highest level of evidence regarding Mg supplementation effects on glucose metabolism stands on seven randomised controlled trials (N = 350). However, the sample size was reduced (from 14 to 86 individuals per study, either diabetic or pre-diabetic) and outcomes were rather discordant. These clinical aspects are essential from a multidisciplinary perspective and further trials are mandatory to address the current areas of discordant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Gheorghe
- PhD Doctoral School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.G.); (B.-A.S.)
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology V, “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihai-Lucian Ciobica
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Rheumatology, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Claudiu Nistor
- Department 4-Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, Thoracic Surgery II Discipline, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Thoracic Surgery Department, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria-Magdalena Gurzun
- Cardiology Discipline, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Laboratory of Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Exploration, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010242 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bianca-Andreea Sandulescu
- PhD Doctoral School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.G.); (B.-A.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Rheumatology, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military University Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Stanciu
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Florina Ligia Popa
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Mara Carsote
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology V, “C.I. Parhon” National Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Endocrinology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Dong H, Hu P, Wang J, Lu N. Serum magnesium and calcium were inversely associated with hemoglobin glycation index and triglyceride-glucose index in adults with coronary artery disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04287-1. [PMID: 38913294 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the associations of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) with hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) in adults. In this study, we examined the associations of serum Mg and Ca with HGI and TyG in adults with coronary artery disease (CAD). This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 10757 CAD patients with a mean age of 61.6 years. Serum concentrations of Mg and Ca were measured in clinical laboratory. Overall, serum Mg and Ca were inversely associated with HGI and TyG. In multivariable analyses, Mg and Ca were inversely associated with HGI (MgQ4 vs. Q3: -0.601 vs. -0.528; CaQ4 vs. Q1: -0.769 vs. -0.645). In terms of TyG, inverse associations of serum Mg and Ca with TyG were observed. The corresponding TyG values were 9.054 (vs. 9.099) for Mg and 9.068 (vs. 9.171) for Ca in the fourth quartile compared with the first quartile. Moreover, Mg, Ca or Mg/Ca ratio were also inversely associated with HbA1c and FBG. In path analysis, no mediating effects of obesity on "serum Mg (or Ca)- HGI (or TyG)" associations were observed. Generally, our study identified the inverse associations of the serum Mg and Ca levels with HGI and TyG in adults with CAD. Large sample longitudinal study, and particularly randomized controlled trials, are warranted to validate our findings and overcome the limitations of cross-sectional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Dong
- Department of Child Healthcare and Scientific Education Section, Affiliated Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226018, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Hu
- Image Center, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Image Center, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Lu
- Department of Psycho-Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Al Harasi S, Al-Maqbali JS, Falhammar H, Al-Mamari A, Al Futisi A, Al-Farqani A, Kumar S, Osman A, Al Riyami S, Al Riyami N, Al Farai Q, Al Alawi H, Al Alawi AM. Prevalence of Dysmagnesemia among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and the Associated Health Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1068. [PMID: 38791030 PMCID: PMC11117732 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Magnesium is a vital intracellular cation crucial for over 320 enzymatic reactions related to energy metabolism, musculoskeletal function, and nucleic acid synthesis and plays a pivotal role in human physiology. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of dysmagnesemia in patients with diabetes mellitus and evaluate its correlations with glycemic control, medication use, and diabetic complications. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, including 316 patients aged 18 years or older with diabetes mellitus. Data included demographics, medical history, medications, and biochemical parameters. Serum total magnesium concentrations were measured, and dysmagnesemia was defined as magnesium ≤ 0.69 mmol/L for hypomagnesemia and ≥1.01 mmol/L for hypermagnesemia. Results: The prevalence of hypomagnesemia in patients with diabetes was 17.1% (95% CI: 13.3-21.7%), and hypermagnesemia was 4.1% (95% CI: 2.4-7.0%). Females were significantly overrepresented in the hypomagnesemia group, while the hypermagnesemia group showed a higher prevalence of hypertension, retinopathy, an increased albumin/creatinine ratio, chronic kidney disease (CKD), elevated creatinine levels, and a lower adjusted calcium concentration. The multinominal logistic regression exhibited that the female sex and higher serum-adjusted calcium were independent risk factors of hypomagnesemia. In contrast, the presence of hypertension, higher levels of albumin/creatinine ratio, and stage 5 CKD were independent risk factors of hypermagnesemia. Conclusions: Hypomagnesemia was common among patients with diabetes mellitus; however, hypermagnesemia was associated with microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Al Harasi
- Internal Medicine Residency Training Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat 130, Oman;
| | - Juhaina Salim Al-Maqbali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman;
- Department of Pharmacy, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Henrik Falhammar
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Al-Mamari
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman; (A.A.-M.); (A.A.F.); (A.A.-F.); (S.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Abdullah Al Futisi
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman; (A.A.-M.); (A.A.F.); (A.A.-F.); (S.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Ahmed Al-Farqani
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman; (A.A.-M.); (A.A.F.); (A.A.-F.); (S.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman; (A.A.-M.); (A.A.F.); (A.A.-F.); (S.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Alaa Osman
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman; (A.A.-M.); (A.A.F.); (A.A.-F.); (S.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Sulaiman Al Riyami
- Department of Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman; (S.A.R.); (N.A.R.); (Q.A.F.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Nafila Al Riyami
- Department of Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman; (S.A.R.); (N.A.R.); (Q.A.F.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Qatiba Al Farai
- Department of Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman; (S.A.R.); (N.A.R.); (Q.A.F.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Hiba Al Alawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman; (S.A.R.); (N.A.R.); (Q.A.F.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Abdullah M. Al Alawi
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat 123, Oman; (A.A.-M.); (A.A.F.); (A.A.-F.); (S.K.); (A.O.)
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Della Rosa G, Gostynska NE, Ephraim JW, Sganga S, Panuccio G, Palazzolo G, Tirelli N. Magnesium alginate as a low-viscosity (intramolecularly cross-linked) system for the sustained and neuroprotective release of magnesium. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121871. [PMID: 38388038 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The administration of Mg ions is advantageous in pathological scenarios such as pre-enclampsia and forms of neuroinflammation (e.g. stroke or injury); yet, few systems exist for their sustained delivery. Here, we present the (static light scattering and diffusing-wave spectroscopy) characterization of magnesium alginate (MgAlg) as a potentially injectable vehicle ifor the delivery of Mg. Differently from other divalent cations, Mg does not readily induce gelation: it acts within MgAlg coils, making them more rigid and less prone to entangle. As a result, below a threshold concentration (notionally below 0.5 % wt.) MgAlg are inherently less viscous than those of sodium alginate (NaAlg), which is a major advantage for injectables; at higher concentrations, however, (stable, Mg-based) aggregation starts occurring. Importantly, Mg can then be released e.g. in artificial cerebrospinal fluid, via a slow (hours) process of ion exchange. Finally, we here show that MgAlg protects rat neural stem cells from the consequence of an oxidative insult (100 μM H2O2), an effect that we can only ascribe to the sustained liberation of Mg ions, since it was not shown by NaAlg, MgSO4 or the NaAlg/MgSO4 combination. Our results therefore indicate that MgAlg is a promising vehicle for Mg delivery under pathological (inflammatory) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Della Rosa
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Natalia Ewa Gostynska
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - John Wesley Ephraim
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Sganga
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Panuccio
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Gemma Palazzolo
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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Hamid RR, Hoseini R, Rahim HA. Impact of Combined Aerobic Training and Magnesium Supplementation on Serum Biomarkers and microRNA-155 and microRNA-21 Expression in Adipose Tissue of Type 2 Diabetic Rats: An Eight-Week Interventional Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04186-5. [PMID: 38658451 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. Aerobic training (AT) and magnesium supplementation (Mg) have both been independently shown to have beneficial effects on glucose control and insulin sensitivity in individuals with T2DM. However, the potential synergistic effects of combining AT and Mg supplementation have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week AT and Mg supplementation on serum levels of insulin, glucose, leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, as well as the expression of mir-155 and mir-21 in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of rats with T2DM. METHODS For this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were induced with T2DM by a high-fat diet combined with a low-dose streptozotocin injection. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups: AT and Mg supplementation (AT + Mg), AT (5 days/week for 8 weeks), Mg supplementation (received daily supplementation of Mg chloride), and diabetic control (C). An 8-week AT program was implemented, with gradually increasing the intensity and duration to reach 25 m/min and 60 min in the 8th week, respectively. The training intensity was set at 50-60% of VO2max. The Mg groups were provided with rat diets containing 1000 mg/kg of Mg. The AT + Mg group received both interventions, while the C group served as the untreated control. Serum biomarkers were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and VAT samples were collected for gene expression analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Serum biomarker analysis revealed that the AT + Mg group had a significant decrease in fasting insulin (p = 0.001) and serum glucose (p = 0.001), as well as an increase in adiponectin levels compared to the C group (p = 0.002). Additionally, the AT + Mg group showed a significant reduction in serum leptin, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NF-κB, as well as downregulation of mir-155 and mir-21 in the VAT compared to the other groups. The AT group also showed improvements in several parameters, while the Mg group had fewer significant differences compared to the C group. CONCLUSION The combination of AT and Mg supplementation provides a synergistic effect that improves serum biomarkers and downregulates pro-inflammatory microRNAs in the VAT of T2DM rats. Meanwhile, Mg supplementation alone does not have a significant effect on pro-inflammatory microRNAs in the VAT. These findings suggest that such combined interventions could be a promising strategy for managing T2DM, potentially ameliorating inflammatory states and improving metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Raed Hamid
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, University of Garmian, Garmian, 46021, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, P.O. Box. 0776009060, Iran
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, P.O. Box. 0776009060, Iran.
| | - Hiwa Ahmed Rahim
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, University of Halabja, Halabja, 46018, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Napiórkowska-Baran K, Treichel P, Czarnowska M, Drozd M, Koperska K, Węglarz A, Schmidt O, Darwish S, Szymczak B, Bartuzi Z. Immunomodulation through Nutrition Should Be a Key Trend in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3769. [PMID: 38612580 PMCID: PMC11011461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
An organism's ability to function properly depends not solely on its diet but also on the intake of nutrients and non-nutritive bioactive compounds that exert immunomodulatory effects. This principle applies both to healthy individuals and, in particular, to those with concomitant chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. However, the current food industry and the widespread use of highly processed foods often lead to nutritional deficiencies. Numerous studies have confirmed the occurrence of immune system dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. This article elucidates the impact of specific nutrients on the immune system function, which maintains homeostasis of the organism, with a particular emphasis on type 2 diabetes. The role of macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, and selected substances, such as omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, and alpha-lipoic acid, was taken into consideration, which outlined the minimum range of tests that ought to be performed on patients in order to either directly or indirectly determine the severity of malnutrition in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Napiórkowska-Baran
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Paweł Treichel
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Marta Czarnowska
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Magdalena Drozd
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Kinga Koperska
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Agata Węglarz
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Oskar Schmidt
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Samira Darwish
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Bartłomiej Szymczak
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (P.T.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.K.); (A.W.); (O.S.); (S.D.); (B.S.)
| | - Zbigniew Bartuzi
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Kazmi SKS, Farooq M, Iftikhar I, Fatima N, Shahzad M, Ijaz AU, Khalid H. Association of Hypomagnesemia With Diabetic Complications. Cureus 2024; 16:e56605. [PMID: 38646230 PMCID: PMC11032126 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to study the association of hypomagnesemia with diabetic complications in type 2 diabetics. MATERIALS AND METHOD This cross-sectional study, conducted at a Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, spanned from January to June 2023 and included 100 randomly selected diabetic patients aged 30-70. With institutional board approval and informed consent, the study focused on assessing hypomagnesemia, using a standard level of below 1.6 mg/dL, ensuring participant confidentiality and privacy. Data collected through physical assessments were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0 (Released 2016; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States), including descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and paired t-test. RESULTS A total of 100 diabetic admitted patients were randomly selected for the study ages from 30 to 70 years irrespective of their gender. The mean age of the participants was 53.86±9.74 years. The mean HbA1c of the participants was 8.7±2.32. Forty-eight percent of them had HbA1c less than 8, while 52% had greater than 8 HbA1c. The mean HbA1c in the hypomagnesemia group was 10.8±1.98, while in the normomagnesemia group, it was 8.9±2.2. There were 58.97% of foot ulcers in Group 1, while in Group 2, there were 31.14%. Around 38.46% and 14.75% had neuropathy in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Nephropathy in Group 1 was 28.20%, while in Group 2, it was 11.47%. Around 69.23% of Group 1 had retinopathy and 37.70% had retinopathy in Group 2. Hypertension was 23.07% in Group 1 and 37.70% in Group 2; moreover, 7.69% and 8.19% had coronary diseases in Groups 1 and 2 accordingly. CONCLUSION The current study concluded that hypomagnesemia was found to have an association with diabetic complications like neuropathy, nephropathy, foot ulcers, and poor glycemic control as evidenced by HbA1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Khurram Shehzad Kazmi
- General Medicine, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
- General Medicine, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Mehrin Farooq
- Internal Medicine, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore, PAK
- Internal Medicine, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Iqra Iftikhar
- Internal Medicine, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | | | - Mahwish Shahzad
- Biochemistry, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Asad Ullah Ijaz
- Internal Medicine, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Humna Khalid
- Internal Medicine/Dermatology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, PAK
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10
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Souza ACR, Vasconcelos AR, Dias DD, Komoni G, Name JJ. The Integral Role of Magnesium in Muscle Integrity and Aging: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5127. [PMID: 38140385 PMCID: PMC10745813 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by significant physiological changes, with the degree of decline varying significantly among individuals. The preservation of intrinsic capacity over the course of an individual's lifespan is fundamental for healthy aging. Locomotion, which entails the capacity for independent movement, is intricately connected with various dimensions of human life, including cognition, vitality, sensory perception, and psychological well-being. Notably, skeletal muscle functions as a pivotal nexus within this intricate framework. Any perturbation in its functionality can manifest as compromised physical performance and an elevated susceptibility to frailty. Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a central role in approximately 800 biochemical reactions within the human body. Its distinctive physical and chemical attributes render it an indispensable stabilizing factor in the orchestration of diverse cellular reactions and organelle functions, thereby rendering it irreplaceable in processes directly impacting muscle health. This narrative review offers a comprehensive exploration of the pivotal role played by magnesium in maintaining skeletal muscle integrity, emphasizing the critical importance of maintaining optimal magnesium levels for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José João Name
- Kilyos Assessoria, Cursos e Palestras, São Paulo 01311-100, Brazil; (A.C.R.S.); (A.R.V.); (D.D.D.); (G.K.)
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11
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Maiese K. Cornerstone Cellular Pathways for Metabolic Disorders and Diabetes Mellitus: Non-Coding RNAs, Wnt Signaling, and AMPK. Cells 2023; 12:2595. [PMID: 37998330 PMCID: PMC10670256 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders and diabetes (DM) impact more than five hundred million individuals throughout the world and are insidious in onset, chronic in nature, and yield significant disability and death. Current therapies that address nutritional status, weight management, and pharmacological options may delay disability but cannot alter disease course or functional organ loss, such as dementia and degeneration of systemic bodily functions. Underlying these challenges are the onset of aging disorders associated with increased lifespan, telomere dysfunction, and oxidative stress generation that lead to multi-system dysfunction. These significant hurdles point to the urgent need to address underlying disease mechanisms with innovative applications. New treatment strategies involve non-coding RNA pathways with microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs), Wnt signaling, and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) that are dependent upon programmed cell death pathways, cellular metabolic pathways with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nicotinamide, and growth factor applications. Non-coding RNAs, Wnt signaling, and AMPK are cornerstone mechanisms for overseeing complex metabolic pathways that offer innovative treatment avenues for metabolic disease and DM but will necessitate continued appreciation of the ability of each of these cellular mechanisms to independently and in unison influence clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, NY 10022, USA
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12
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Maiese K. The impact of aging and oxidative stress in metabolic and nervous system disorders: programmed cell death and molecular signal transduction crosstalk. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273570. [PMID: 38022638 PMCID: PMC10663950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy is increasing throughout the world and coincides with a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially for metabolic disease that includes diabetes mellitus (DM) and neurodegenerative disorders. The debilitating effects of metabolic disorders influence the entire body and significantly affect the nervous system impacting greater than one billion people with disability in the peripheral nervous system as well as with cognitive loss, now the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolic disorders, such as DM, and neurologic disease remain a significant challenge for the treatment and care of individuals since present therapies may limit symptoms but do not halt overall disease progression. These clinical challenges to address the interplay between metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders warrant innovative strategies that can focus upon the underlying mechanisms of aging-related disorders, oxidative stress, cell senescence, and cell death. Programmed cell death pathways that involve autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis can play a critical role in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders and oversee processes that include insulin resistance, β-cell function, mitochondrial integrity, reactive oxygen species release, and inflammatory cell activation. The silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) are novel targets that can oversee programmed cell death pathways tied to β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), nicotinamide, apolipoprotein E (APOE), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) exposure with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and trophic factors, such as erythropoietin (EPO). The pathways of programmed cell death, SIRT1, AMPK, and WISP1 offer exciting prospects for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and nervous system function that can be compromised during aging-related disorders and lead to cognitive impairment, but these pathways have dual roles in determining the ultimate fate of cells and organ systems that warrant thoughtful insight into complex autofeedback mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Innovation and Commercialization, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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13
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Gelineau-van Waes J, van Waes MA, Hallgren J, Hulen J, Bredehoeft M, Ashley-Koch AE, Krupp D, Gregory SG, Stessman HA. Gene-nutrient interactions that impact magnesium homeostasis increase risk for neural tube defects in mice exposed to dolutegravir. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1175917. [PMID: 37377737 PMCID: PMC10292217 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1175917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2018, data from a surveillance study in Botswana evaluating adverse birth outcomes raised concerns that women on antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing dolutegravir (DTG) may be at increased risk for neural tube defects (NTDs). The mechanism of action for DTG involves chelation of Mg2+ ions in the active site of the viral integrase. Plasma Mg2+ homeostasis is maintained primarily through dietary intake and reabsorption in the kidneys. Inadequate dietary Mg2+ intake over several months results in slow depletion of plasma Mg2+ and chronic latent hypomagnesemia, a condition prevalent in women of reproductive age worldwide. Mg2+ is critical for normal embryonic development and neural tube closure. We hypothesized that DTG therapy might slowly deplete plasma Mg2+ and reduce the amount available to the embryo, and that mice with pre-existing hypomagnesemia due to genetic variation and/or dietary Mg2+ insufficiency at the time of conception and initiation of DTG treatment would be at increased risk for NTDs. We used two different approaches to test our hypothesis: 1) we selected mouse strains that had inherently different basal plasma Mg2+ levels and 2) placed mice on diets with different concentrations of Mg2+. Plasma and urine Mg2+ were determined prior to timed mating. Pregnant mice were treated daily with vehicle or DTG beginning on the day of conception and embryos examined for NTDs on gestational day 9.5. Plasma DTG was measured for pharmacokinetic analysis. Our results demonstrate that hypomagnesemia prior to conception, due to genetic variation and/or insufficient dietary Mg2+ intake, increases the risk for NTDs in mice exposed to DTG. We also analyzed whole-exome sequencing data from inbred mouse strains and identified 9 predicted deleterious missense variants in Fam111a that were unique to the LM/Bc strain. Human FAM111A variants are associated with hypomagnesemia and renal Mg2+ wasting. The LM/Bc strain exhibits this same phenotype and was the strain most susceptible to DTG-NTDs. Our results suggest that monitoring plasma Mg2+ levels in patients on ART regimens that include DTG, identifying other risk factors that impact Mg2+ homeostasis, and correcting deficiencies in this micronutrient might provide an effective strategy for mitigating NTD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Gelineau-van Waes
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | - J. Hallgren
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - J. Hulen
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - M. Bredehoeft
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - A. E. Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - D. Krupp
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - S. G. Gregory
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - H. A. Stessman
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
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14
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Fritzen R, Davies A, Veenhuizen M, Campbell M, Pitt SJ, Ajjan RA, Stewart AJ. Magnesium Deficiency and Cardiometabolic Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102355. [PMID: 37242238 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) has many physiological functions within the body. These include important roles in maintaining cardiovascular functioning, where it contributes to the regulation of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, endothelial functioning and haemostasis. The haemostatic roles of Mg2+ impact upon both the protein and cellular arms of coagulation. In this review, we examine how Mg2+ homeostasis is maintained within the body and highlight the various molecular roles attributed to Mg2+ in the cardiovascular system. In addition, we describe how nutritional and/or disease-associated magnesium deficiency, seen in some metabolic conditions, has the potential to influence cardiac and vascular outcomes. Finally, we also examine the potential for magnesium supplements to be employed in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders and in the management of cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Fritzen
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Amy Davies
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Miriam Veenhuizen
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Matthew Campbell
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3DS, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Samantha J Pitt
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alan J Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
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15
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Cao X, Wu M, Zhang G, Lin L, Tu M, Xiao D, Zhong C, Zhang H, Yang S, Liu J, Zhang X, Chen X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Xu S, Zhou X, Yang X, Hao L, Yang N. Longitudinal plasma magnesium status during pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:65392-65400. [PMID: 37084048 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that magnesium (Mg) was associated with type 2 diabetes while few focused on abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy. The study is aimed at investigating the association between longitudinal changes in plasma Mg during pregnancy and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) and exploring the possible influence of iron supplementation on the changes of plasma Mg levels. One thousand seven hundred fifty-six pregnant women from Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort (TMCHC) were involved. Blood samples were collected at gestational weeks 17.0 ± 0.9 and later 26.2 ± 1.4. Plasma Mg was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with decline rates calculated. Information on general characteristics and iron supplementation was collected by questionnaires. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted at 24-28 gestational weeks to diagnose GDM. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to estimate relative risks (RR) of GDM. Median concentrations of plasma Mg were 0.69 mmol/L and 0.63 mmol/L respectively at two collections. The prevalence of hypomagnesemia at the first collection was 73% and associated with a 1.59 (95%CI: 1.07, 2.37) fold risk of GDM. Adjusted RRs were 1.74 (95%CI: 1.06, 2.83) and 2.44 (95%CI: 1.54, 3.85) for women with hypomagnesemia and followed more tertile (T2 and T3 vs. T1) of Mg decrement. Iron supplementation above 30 mg/day was found associated with more Mg decrement (25.5% and 27.5% in T2 and T3 vs. 19.5% in T1). In conclusion, hypomagnesemia during pregnancy is prevalent and associated with increased GDM risk, especially in women followed by more plasma Mg decrement during pregnancy. High-dose iron supplementation may involve more plasma Mg decrement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Lixia Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Menghan Tu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Daxiang Xiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chunrong Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Siyu Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shangzhi Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Nianhong Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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16
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Kocyigit E, Akturk M, Koksal E. Relationships between serum and dietary magnesium, calcium, and metabolic parameters in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:304-310. [PMID: 36963878 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Magnesium and calcium are essential minerals in several enzymatic activities that modulate essential biological functions. Hypomagnesemia occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially those with poor metabolic control. Dietary magnesium and calcium intake play a protective role in the development of T2DM. This research aimed to investigate the association of dietary and serum magnesium and calcium with metabolic control parameters in diabetic women. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 80 women, including 40 patients diagnosed with T2DM and 40 healthy controls aged 35-60 years. Some anthropometric measurements of the individuals were taken, and their body mass index was calculated. In addition, some biochemical parameters, serum magnesium, and calcium were analyzed. A validated 96-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to obtain dietary magnesium and calcium intake data. RESULTS Serum magnesium levels were lower in subjects with diabetes than in controls, and there was a similar incidence of hypomagnesemia in T2DM patients and controls, but not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In T2DM patients, there was a statistically significant inverse association between HbA1c and serum magnesium (p < 0.05). Dietary magnesium intake was inversely associated with HOMA-IR scores (p < 0.05) but had a positive association with serum magnesium levels in patients with T2DM (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the calcium/magnesium ratio between T2DM patients and healthy controls (p > 0.05). In a multiple linear regression analysis, dietary magnesium intake and HbA1c were found to be significantly related to altered serum magnesium in T2DM patients. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that lower serum magnesium levels were associated with higher HbA1c levels in subjects with T2DM. Increased dietary magnesium intake in T2DM may enhance HOMA-IR scores and serum magnesium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Kocyigit
- Ordu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Mujde Akturk
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eda Koksal
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Turkey
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Nishi SK, Viguiliouk E, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, Hu FB, Sievenpiper JL, Atzeni A, Misra A, Salas-Salvadó J. Nuts in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040878. [PMID: 36839236 PMCID: PMC9965730 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a continuously growing global concern affecting >10% of adults, which may be mitigated by modifiable lifestyle factors. Consumption of nuts and their inclusion in dietary patterns has been associated with a range of beneficial health outcomes. Diabetes guidelines recommend dietary patterns that incorporate nuts; however, specific recommendations related to nuts have been limited. This review considers the epidemiological and clinical evidence to date for the role of nut consumption as a dietary strategy for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related complications. Findings suggest nut consumption may have a potential role in the prevention and management of T2D, with mechanistic studies assessing nuts and individual nut-related nutritional constituents supporting this possibility. However, limited definitive evidence is available to date, and future studies are needed to elucidate better the impact of nuts on the prevention and management of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K. Nishi
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.K.N.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Effie Viguiliouk
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Cyril W. C. Kendall
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - David J. A. Jenkins
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Alessandro Atzeni
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis C-DOC Hospital for Diabetes & Allied Sciences, New Delhi 110048, India
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi 110016, India
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.K.N.); (J.S.-S.)
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Magnesium Administration in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030547. [PMID: 36771254 PMCID: PMC9920010 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Awareness of the clinical relevance of magnesium in medicine has increased over the last years, especially for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), due to magnesium's role in vascular calcification and mineral metabolism. The inverse association between serum magnesium and clinically relevant, adverse outcomes is well-established in people with CKD. Subsequent intervention studies have focused on the effect of magnesium administration, mainly in relation to cardiovascular diseases, mineral bone metabolism, and other metabolic parameters. The most commonly used routes of magnesium administration are orally and by increasing dialysate magnesium. Several oral magnesium formulations are available and the daily dosage of elemental magnesium varies highly between studies, causing considerable heterogeneity. Although data are still limited, several clinical studies demonstrated that magnesium administration could improve parameters of vascular function and calcification and mineral metabolism in people with CKD. Current clinical research has shown that magnesium administration in people with CKD is safe, without concerns for severe hypermagnesemia or negative interference with bone metabolism. It should be noted that there are several ongoing magnesium intervention studies that will contribute to the increasing knowledge on the potential of magnesium administration in people with CKD.
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Alizadeh Hadadhania M, Ghaffari K, Absalan A, Eghbali A, Rahimi Afzal R, Ghasemi A, Eghbali A. Magnesium Supplementation May Not Be Protective against Carboplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity But May Be Beneficial for Children Suffering Malignancies: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:11. [PMID: 36926429 PMCID: PMC10012022 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_292_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Magnesium oxide may be effective in renal insufficiency prevention after carboplatin therapy. We have evaluated magnesium oxide impression on the serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels plus glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cancerous children. Materials and Methods A group of children with different cancers (n = 18) was treated with 250 mg/day magnesium oxide supplementation (MOS) and compared with a matched placebo-treated group (n = 18). After 2 weeks, carboplatin chemotherapy started. We compared serum Cr, BUN, and GFR values before and 3 and 7 days post intervention. Results Serum Cr and BUN were increased significantly 3 and 7 days after intervention in both the groups. Serum Cr and BUN were not statistically different between the MOS and placebo groups before the intervention and 3 or 7 days after carboplatin administration (P > 0.05). Three days after the intervention, the GFR reduced from 101.38 ± 14.67 to 90.11 ± 10.52 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the MOS group. Furthermore, in the placebo group, 3 days after the intervention, the GFR was reduced from 97.5 ± 9.71 to 92.33 ± 10.61 mL/min/1.73 m2. Further, in the MOS group, after 7 days of the intervention, the GFR was reduced to 84.11 ± 12.47 mL/min/1.73 m2. In the placebo group, after 7 days of the intervention, the GFR was diminished to 85.38 ± 10.66 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P = 0.371). Conclusion The current study suggests that magnesium supplementation does not prevent carboplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in children with malignancies. Anyway, we propose magnesium oxide supplementation for this group of pediatrics because magnesium is an essential element for cell and tissue growth, maintenance, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazem Ghaffari
- Department of Basic and Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Abdorrahim Absalan
- Department of Basic and Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Aygin Eghbali
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Rahimi Afzal
- Department of Pediatrics, Amir Kabir Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Aziz Eghbali
- Clinical Research Development Center, Aliasghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hamarshih M, Hamshari S, Nazzal Z, Snobar F, Mletat R, Abu-Mazen O, Maraqa B. Hypomagnesemia and Poor Glycemic Control among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2022; 26:575-580. [PMID: 39005513 PMCID: PMC11245293 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_213_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Hypomagnesaemia has been shown to have a significant impact on both glycaemic control and diabetes complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aims to assess the prevalence of hypomagnesaemia in T2DM patients and find the association between serum magnesium levels and outcomes relevant to glycaemic control and diabetic complications in primary care unit. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted and included 373 patients (222 males and 151 females) from primary care unit. Serum magnesium levels were measured by the colorimetric endpoint method using the Cobas C501 system. Hypomagnesaemia was determined to be a serum magnesium level <1.6 mg/dL. In addition, the following data was also obtained: patients' characteristics, anthropometric measurements, smoking status, HbA1c, comorbidities and therapeutic management. Results Patients' mean age was 56.2 ± 10.8 years, 24.6% were smokers, and most were overweight or obese. About 60% have a history of hypertension, and the majority have had diabetes for more than 10 years. Their mean HbA1c level was 8.5 ± 2%. The prevalence of hypomagnesaemia was 11% (95% CI: 8%-14.6%). It was found to be significantly higher among females (adjusted OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.2%-5.8%), patients with HbA1c ≥8% (adjusted OR: 2.4, 95%CI: 1.1%-5.5%) and patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy (adjusted OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.1%-7.1%). Conclusion The study showed that hypomagnesaemia is more prevalent in females and is associated with diabetic retinopathy and poor glycaemic control. Having a sufficient magnesium level may be associated with better glycaemic control and a reduced occurrence of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hamarshih
- Consultant Family Medicine, and Diabetology, Palestine Diabetes Institute, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Suha Hamshari
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Zaher Nazzal
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Farha Snobar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rawa Mletat
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ola Abu-Mazen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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21
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Yang Y, Na X, Xi Y, Xi M, Yang H, Li Z, Zhao A. Association between dairy consumption and the risk of diabetes: A prospective cohort study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Front Nutr 2022; 9:997636. [PMID: 36225884 PMCID: PMC9550167 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.997636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is closely related to the risk of diabetes; yet the relationship between dairy consumption and the risk of diabetes is unclear with conflicting evidence from previous studies. This study used data from the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey to investigate the association between dairy consumption and diabetes. A total of 15,512 adults were included; dairy consumption at each survey was assessed by the 3-day 24-h recall and weighed food record methods, and diabetes occurrence was derived from self-reported information. The association between dairy consumption and diabetes was explored using Cox regression and further stratified with BMI and energy intake. Results indicated that 12,368 (79.7%) participants had no dairy consumption, while 2,179 (14.0%) and 947 (6.1%) consumed dairy at 0.1-100 and >100 g/day, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, dairy consumption of 0.1-100 g/day was associated with lower risk of diabetes in all participants (HR 0.53, 95% CI:0.38 -0.74; P < 0.001) and males (HR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.31-0.80; P = 0.004). According to the restricted cubic splines (RCS), the protective effect on diabetes was significant in the total population with dairy consumption ranging from 25 to 65 g/day (HR <1, P = 0.025). In the stratified analysis, consuming 30-80 g/day was associated with reduced diabetes risk among the ≤ 2,000 kcal/day energy intake group (HR <1, P = 0.023). In conclusion, dairy consumption was inversely associated with a reduced diabetes risk in Chinese population. Further studies are required to examine the optimal level of dairy consumption for preventing diabetes in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Yang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Na
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuandi Xi
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Menglu Xi
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haibing Yang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Evers I, Cruijsen E, Kornaat I, Winkels RM, Busstra MC, Geleijnse JM. Dietary magnesium and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality after myocardial infarction: A prospective analysis in the Alpha Omega Cohort. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:936772. [PMID: 36035961 PMCID: PMC9416912 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.936772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAn adequate intake of magnesium has been associated with lower risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in population-based studies. Whether an adequate magnesium intake is important for reducing long-term mortality risk after myocardial infarction (MI) is not yet clear.ObjectiveWe examined magnesium intake in relation to CVD, all-cause and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, on top of drug treatment, in patients who had experienced an MI.MethodsWe included 4,365 Dutch patients aged 60–80 y from the Alpha Omega Cohort with a history of MI <10 y before study enrollment. Dietary data over the past month were collected at baseline using a 203-item validated food frequency questionnaire from which magnesium intake was calculated. Patients were followed for cause-specific mortality through December 2018. HRs for mortality in tertiles of energy adjusted magnesium intake were obtained from multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for age, sex, education, obesity and other lifestyle and dietary factors. Associations were also studied in relevant subgroups, including patients with diabetes and diuretics users. Restricted cubic splines were used for studying the continuous association of magnesium intake with CVD mortality.ResultsThe average magnesium intake was 302 ± 78 mg/day and 28% of male and 33% of female patients had adequate intakes. Magnesium containing supplements were used by 5.4% of the cohort. During a median follow-up of 12.4 years (48,473 person-years), 2,035 patients died, of which 903 from CVD and 558 from CHD. Higher magnesium intakes (>320 g/d), compared to the reference group (<283 mg/d), were associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.54–0.98) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64–0.95) in the fully adjusted model. A non-significant inverse association was found for CHD mortality. Associations for CVD mortality were slightly stronger in diuretic users (HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34–0.89). Results were similar after excluding magnesium supplement users.ConclusionAn adequate intake of magnesium may be important for lowering long-term mortality risk after MI, especially in patients treated with diuretics. The Alpha Omega Trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03192410.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Evers
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Nutrition & Healtcare Alliance, Ede, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ilse Evers
| | - Esther Cruijsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Iris Kornaat
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Renate M. Winkels
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria C. Busstra
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Johanne M. Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Long M, Zhu X, Wei X, Zhao D, Jiang L, Li C, Jin D, Miao C, Du Y. Magnesium in renal fibrosis. Int Urol Nephrol 2022; 54:1881-1889. [PMID: 35060008 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal fibrosis (RF) is the main pathological feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The main focus of research on treatment for CKD is to develop strategies that delay or prevent RF from progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Inflammation and oxidative stress occur during all stages of CKD. The magnesium cation (Mg2+) can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, regulate apoptosis, and improve RF, and magnesium-based therapies are promising new treatments that can prevent RF. We reviewed the current evidence on the effects of magnesium in RF and examined the possible mechanism of magnesium in delaying RF. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for articles on magnesium and fibrosis, with a focus on magnesium and RF. RESULTS Inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are related to the occurrence of CKD. Previous research showed that Mg2+ inhibits the differentiation of inflammatory cells, down-regulates the production of inflammatory cytokines, reduces inflammation, and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. In addition, Mg2+ also regulates apoptosis and protects renal tubular function. Magnesium may also regulate TRPM6/7, promote the secretion of klotho protein and improve renal fibrosis. Therefore, Mg2+ can protect the kidney from damage and slow down the progression of RF through many molecular and cellular effects. Some of the anti-fibrotic effects of Mg2+ may be related to its antagonism of intracellular Ca2+. CONCLUSION Magnesium may prevent the progression of renal fibrosis and delay CKD by reducing renal inflammation and oxidative stress, and by regulating fibrosis-related signaling pathways and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtuan Long
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Die Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxiu Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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de Sousa Melo SR, Dos Santos LR, da Cunha Soares T, Cardoso BEP, da Silva Dias TM, Morais JBS, de Paiva Sousa M, de Sousa TGV, da Silva NC, da Silva LD, Cruz KJC, do Nascimento Marreiro D. Participation of Magnesium in the Secretion and Signaling Pathways of Insulin: an Updated Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3545-3553. [PMID: 35666386 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the participation of various minerals in mechanisms involving insulin. Magnesium, in particular, plays an important role in the secretion and action of this hormone. Therefore, this review aimed to examine the latest insights into the biochemical and molecular aspects of the participation of magnesium in insulin sensitivity. Magnesium plays a vital role in the activity of intracellular proteins involved in insulin secretion in β-pancreatic cells, such as glucokinase, ATPase, and protein kinase C. In addition, evidence suggests that this mineral participates directly in insulin sensitivity and signaling in peripheral tissues, acting in the phosphorylation of the receptor tyrosine kinase and the insulin receptor substrates 1, insulin receptor substrates 2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and protein kinase B, and indirectly by reducing oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation, which also lead to insulin resistance. Thus, magnesium deficiency is associated with glucose intolerance, while magnesium supplementation stimulates insulin secretion in pancreatic cells and improves insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. However, studies must consider assess short- and long-term nutritional status of mineral before performing intervention, the relevance of the balance of other nutrients that influence hormone secretion and sensibility, and health status of the assessed population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loanne Rocha Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina (Piauí), Brasil
| | - Tamires da Cunha Soares
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina (Piauí), Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Mickael de Paiva Sousa
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina (Piauí), Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Kyria Jayanne Clímaco Cruz
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Rua Hugo Napoleão, 665, Ed. Palazzo Reale, Apto 2001, Jockey, CEP 64048-320, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
| | - Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Rua Hugo Napoleão, 665, Ed. Palazzo Reale, Apto 2001, Jockey, CEP 64048-320, Teresina, Piauí, Brasil.
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Cardiovascular Risk after Kidney Transplantation: Causes and Current Approaches to a Relevant Burden. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081200. [PMID: 35893294 PMCID: PMC9329988 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Cardiovascular disease is a frequent complication after kidney transplantation and represents the leading cause of mortality in this population. Material and Methods. We searched for the relevant articles in the National Institutes of Health library of medicine, transplant, cardiologic and nephrological journals. Results. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in kidney transplant is multifactorial. Apart from non-modifiable risk factors, such as age, gender, genetic predisposition and ethnicity, several traditional and non-traditional modifiable risk factors contribute to its development. Traditional factors, such as diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia, may be present before and may worsen after transplantation. Immunosuppressants and impaired graft function may strongly influence the exacerbation of these comorbidities. However, in the last years, several studies showed that many other cardiovascular risk factors may be involved in kidney transplantation, including hyperuricemia, inflammation, low klotho and elevated Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 levels, deficient levels of vitamin D, vascular calcifications, anemia and poor physical activity and quality of life. Conclusions. The timely and effective treatment of time-honored and recently discovered modifiable risk factors represent the basis of the prevention of cardiovascular complications in kidney transplantation. Reduction of cardiovascular risk can improve the life expectancy, the quality of life and the allograft function and survival.
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Xing B, Xu X, Li C, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhao W. Reduced Serum Magnesium Levels Are Associated with the Occurrence of Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Retrospective Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2025-2032. [PMID: 34275107 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02824-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between serum magnesium (Mg2+) level and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The clinical data of 2222 patients with T2DM, including 713 patients with DR and 1509 patients without DR, between September 2016 and August 2020 in our hospital, were analyzed retrospectively. Further, the role and predictive value of serum Mg2+ on the prevalence of DR were determined through logistic regression and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve respectively. The level of serum Mg2+ was lower in DR group than that in non-DR group (0.92 vs 0.88 mmol/L, P < 0.001). Stratified serum Mg2+ levels into quartiles (Q1-Q4), the first (Q1, Mg2+ ≤ 0.85 mmol/L) and fourth quartile (Q4, ≥ 0.96 mmol/L) represented the lowest and highest quartile, respectively. And the incidence of DR was obviously higher in Q1 and Q2 than that in Q3 and Q4 (50.9% and 30.2% vs 23.5% and 21%, respectively). Logistic regression demonstrated that there remained an independent association between lower serum Mg2+ levels and the occurrence of DR (OR were 3.907 and 1.709 in Q1 and Q2, respectively) no matter whether the interference of confounding variables. ROC curve showed the best cut-off value of serum Mg2+ level in predicting the occurrence of DR was 0.875 mmol/L. Lower Mg2+ levels are related with an increased risk of developing DR. Serum Mg2+ level can be a potential clinical indicator to help identify DR in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodi Xing
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of International Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengqian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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Pelczyńska M, Moszak M, Bogdański P. The Role of Magnesium in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091714. [PMID: 35565682 PMCID: PMC9103223 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient for maintaining vital physiological functions. It is involved in many fundamental processes, and Mg deficiency is often correlated with negative health outcomes. On the one hand, most western civilizations consume less than the recommended daily allowance of Mg. On the other hand, a growing body of evidence has indicated that chronic hypomagnesemia may be implicated in the pathogenesis of various metabolic disorders such as overweight and obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), changes in lipid metabolism, and low-grade inflammation. High Mg intake with diet and/or supplementation seems to prevent chronic metabolic complications. The protective action of Mg may include limiting the adipose tissue accumulation, improving glucose and insulin metabolism, enhancing endothelium-dependent vasodilation, normalizing lipid profile, and attenuating inflammatory processes. Thus, it currently seems that Mg plays an important role in developing metabolic disorders associated with obesity, although more randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating Mg supplementation strategies are needed. This work represents a review and synthesis of recent data on the role of Mg in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders.
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Peride I, Tiglis M, Neagu TP, Niculae A, Checherita IA. Magnesium—A More Important Role in CKD–MBD than We Thought. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040880. [PMID: 35453928 PMCID: PMC9031465 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with different complications, including chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD), which represents a systemic disorder that involves the presence of different mineral or bone structure abnormalities (i.e., modification of bone turnover, strength, volume, etc.), including even vascular calcification development. Even if, over the years, different pathophysiological theories have been developed to explain the onset and progression of CKD–MBD, the influence and importance of serum magnesium level on the evolution of CKD have only recently been highlighted. So far, data are inconclusive and conflicting; therefore, further studies are necessary to validate these findings, which could be useful in developing a better, more adequate, and personalized management of CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Peride
- Clinical Department No. 3, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Mirela Tiglis
- Clinical Department No. 14, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Tiberiu Paul Neagu
- Clinical Department No. 11, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Andrei Niculae
- Clinical Department No. 3, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Ionel Alexandru Checherita
- Clinical Department No. 3, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
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29
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He B, Xia L, Zhao J, Yin L, Zhang M, Quan Z, Ou Y, Huang W. Causal Effect of Serum Magnesium on Osteoporosis and Cardiometabolic Diseases. Front Nutr 2021; 8:738000. [PMID: 34926542 PMCID: PMC8681341 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.738000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum magnesium is associated with osteoporosis and cardiometabolic diseases, but their causal associations remain elusive. We used the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the causal roles of serum magnesium on osteoporosis and cardiometabolic diseases by using the aggregated genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, p < 5 × 10-8) associated with serum magnesium concentrations were all used as instrumental variables. A genetic predisposition to higher serum magnesium concentrations was inversely associated with lower lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD, beta-estimate: -1.982, 95% CI: -3.328 to -0.635, SE: 0.687, p = 0.004), which was further confirmed by multiple sensitivity analyses. There was limited evidence of associations between serum magnesium and type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. This work provided strong evidence that genetically increased serum magnesium concentrations were causally associated with low lumbar spine BMD and suggested that serum magnesium concentrations may be crucial to prevent osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Xia
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lifeng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muzi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengxue Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunsheng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wu Y, Zhang Q, Xiao X. The Effect and Potential Mechanism of Maternal Micronutrient Intake on Offspring Glucose Metabolism: An Emerging Field. Front Nutr 2021; 8:763809. [PMID: 34746215 PMCID: PMC8568771 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.763809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has become the most common metabolic disease around the world. In addition to genetic and environmental factors in adulthood, the early life environment is critical to the progression of diabetes in adults, especially the environment during the fetal period; this concept is called “fetal programming.” Substantial evidence has illustrated the key role of early life macronutrient in programming metabolic diseases. Recently, the effect of maternal micronutrient intake on offspring glucose metabolism during later life has become an emerging field. This review focuses on updated human and animal evidence about the effect of maternal micronutrient status on offspring glucose metabolism and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Petroni ML, Brodosi L, Marchignoli F, Sasdelli AS, Caraceni P, Marchesini G, Ravaioli F. Nutrition in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Present Knowledge and Remaining Challenges. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082748. [PMID: 34444908 PMCID: PMC8401663 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy behaviours, including diet and physical activity, coupled with genetic predisposition, drive type 2 diabetes (T2D) occurrence and severity; the present review aims to summarise the most recent nutritional approaches in T2D, outlining unmet needs. Guidelines consistently suggest reducing energy intake to counteract the obesity epidemic, frequently resulting in sarcopenic obesity, a condition associated with poorer metabolic control and cardiovascular disease. Various dietary approaches have been proposed with largely similar results, with a preference for the Mediterranean diet and the best practice being the diet that patients feel confident of maintaining in the long term based on individual preferences. Patient adherence is indeed the pivotal factor for weight loss and long-term maintenance, requiring intensive lifestyle intervention. The consumption of nutritional supplements continues to increase even if international societies do not support their systematic use. Inositols and vitamin D supplementation, as well as micronutrients (zinc, chromium, magnesium) and pre/probiotics, result in modest improvement in insulin sensitivity, but their use is not systematically suggested. To reach the desired goals, patients should be actively involved in the collaborative development of a personalised meal plan associated with habitual physical activity, aiming at normal body weight and metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Petroni
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Brodosi
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Marchignoli
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Anna Simona Sasdelli
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Paolo Caraceni
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-2144889
| | - Federico Ravaioli
- IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliera di Bologna Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.L.P.); (L.B.); (F.M.); (A.S.S.); (P.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
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Liu M, Liu H, Feng F, Xie A, Kang G, Zhao Y, Hou CR, Zhou X, Dudley SC. Magnesium Deficiency Causes a Reversible, Metabolic, Diastolic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020205. [PMID: 34096318 PMCID: PMC8477865 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Dietary Mg intake is associated with a decreased risk of developing heart failure, whereas low circulating Mg level is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. We investigated whether Mg deficiency alone could cause cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results C57BL/6J mice were fed with a low Mg (low-Mg, 15-30 mg/kg Mg) or a normal Mg (nl-Mg, 600 mg/kg Mg) diet for 6 weeks. To test reversibility, half of the low-Mg mice were fed then with nl-Mg diet for another 6 weeks. Low-Mg diet significantly decreased mouse serum Mg (0.38±0.03 versus 1.14±0.03 mmol/L for nl-Mg; P<0.0001) with a reciprocal increase in serum Ca, K, and Na. Low-Mg mice exhibited impaired cardiac relaxation (ratio between mitral peak early filling velocity E and longitudinal tissue velocity of the mitral anterior annulus e, 21.1±1.1 versus 15.4±0.4 for nl-Mg; P=0.011). Cellular ATP was decreased significantly in low-Mg hearts. The changes were accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction with mitochondrial reactive oxygen species overproduction and membrane depolarization. cMyBPC (cardiac myosin-binding protein C) was S-glutathionylated in low-Mg mouse hearts. All these changes were normalized with Mg repletion. In vivo (2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride treatment during low-Mg diet improved cardiac relaxation, increased ATP levels, and reduced S-glutathionylated cMyBPC. Conclusions Mg deficiency caused a reversible diastolic cardiomyopathy associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative modification of cMyBPC. In deficiency states, Mg supplementation may represent a novel treatment for diastolic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - Hong Liu
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - Feng Feng
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - An Xie
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - Gyeoung‐Jin Kang
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - Cody R. Hou
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - Xiaoxu Zhou
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - Samuel C. Dudley
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
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Paladiya R, Pitliya A, Choudhry AA, Kumar D, Ismail S, Abbas M, Naz S, Kumar B, Jamil A, Fatima A. Association of Low Magnesium Level With Duration and Severity of Type 2 Diabetes. Cureus 2021; 13:e15279. [PMID: 34194881 PMCID: PMC8235873 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus can give rise to several complications in the body, including electrolyte imbalance. In this study, we aim to find the association of hypomagnesemia with the duration and severity of diabetes. Understanding the association between magnesium and diabetes may assist in the early detection of hypomagnesemia and help manage the complications associated with electrolyte imbalance. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the internal medicine department of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan from January to March 2021. Three hundred (n = 300) patients with a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the study after informed consent via consecutive convenient non-probability sampling. Three hundred (n = 300) patients were included in the study as a reference group. Blood was drawn via phlebotomy and sent to the laboratory to assess glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and magnesium levels. Results: In uncontrolled diabetic patients, mean magnesium level was significantly lower as compared to diabetic patients with good glycemic control (1.34 ± 0.3 mg/dL vs. 1.81 ± 0.5; p-value: <0.0001). Prevalence of hypomagnesemia was significantly more in patients with uncontrolled diabetes, compared to the controlled diabetic group (65.8% vs. 50.8%; p-value: 0.009). In patients with a duration of diabetes of more than 10 years, the mean magnesium level was significantly lower, compared to patients with less than 10 years of diabetes (1.32 ± 0.3 mg/dL vs. 1.78 ± 0.5; p-value: <0.0001). Prevalence of hypomagnesemia was significantly more in patients with diabetes for more than 10 years (64.7% vs. 51.9%; p-value: 0.02). Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia is prevalent in diabetes and is directly related to the severity and duration of diabetes. It is important to include electrolyte screening as a part of routine screening in diabetic patients for early detection and management of electrolyte imbalance, including hypomagnesemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aakanksha Pitliya
- Internal Medicine, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Science, Indore, IND
| | | | - Deepak Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Safana Ismail
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Sidra Naz
- Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences (UHS), Lahore, PAK
| | - Besham Kumar
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | - Amna Jamil
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | - Aliya Fatima
- Internal Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
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Feng J, Wang H, Jing Z, Wang Y, Wang W, Jiang Y, Sun W. Relationships of the Trace Elements Zinc and Magnesium With Diabetic Nephropathy-Associated Renal Functional Damage in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:626909. [PMID: 33859989 PMCID: PMC8042293 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.626909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) are essential trace elements in humans. Their deficiency may be associated with inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the mechanisms involved have not been fully characterized. We aimed to investigate the relationships between circulating concentrations of Zn and Mg and pro-inflammatory factors with DN-associated renal functional damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To this end, we studied 20 healthy people, 24 patients with T2DM, and 59 patients with T2DM and T2DN. Serum and urine Zn and Mg concentrations were measured using the 2-(5-nitro-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N-propyl-N-sulfopropylamine) phenol (nitro-PAPS) chromogenic method and the xylidyl blue method, respectively, and the circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] were measured using flow cytometry. The serum concentrations of Zn and Mg were significantly lower in patients with T2DM and DN than in healthy controls. Serum Zn, urine Zn, and urine Mg concentrations decreased, while those of IL-6 and IL-8 increased with the progression of DN-associated renal functional damage. Furthermore, the serum and urine Zn concentrations negatively correlated with the serum IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations. Notably, the serum Zn concentration was found to independently protect against DN in patients with T2DM. Hypozincemia may be associated with the T2DN-associated renal functional damage because it exacerbates inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Blood Purification, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhe Jing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wanning Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weixia Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Fiorentini D, Cappadone C, Farruggia G, Prata C. Magnesium: Biochemistry, Nutrition, Detection, and Social Impact of Diseases Linked to Its Deficiency. Nutrients 2021; 13:1136. [PMID: 33808247 PMCID: PMC8065437 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium plays an important role in many physiological functions. Habitually low intakes of magnesium and in general the deficiency of this micronutrient induce changes in biochemical pathways that can increase the risk of illness and, in particular, chronic degenerative diseases. The assessment of magnesium status is consequently of great importance, however, its evaluation is difficult. The measurement of serum magnesium concentration is the most commonly used and readily available method for assessing magnesium status, even if serum levels have no reliable correlation with total body magnesium levels or concentrations in specific tissues. Therefore, this review offers an overview of recent insights into magnesium from multiple perspectives. Starting from a biochemical point of view, it aims at highlighting the risk due to insufficient uptake (frequently due to the low content of magnesium in the modern western diet), at suggesting strategies to reach the recommended dietary reference values, and at focusing on the importance of detecting physiological or pathological levels of magnesium in various body districts, in order to counteract the social impact of diseases linked to magnesium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanna Farruggia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.F.); (C.C.); (C.P.)
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Aldenbäck E, Johansson HE. Anthropometric Measurements and Correlations to Glucometabolic and Cardiovascular Risk in Obese Patients Undergoing Gastric Bypass Surgery. J Obes 2021; 2021:6647328. [PMID: 34327018 PMCID: PMC8310453 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6647328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal obesity is associated with hypertension, increased fasting glucose, HbA1c, and cholesterol. Body mass index (BMI) is frequently used to measure and define obesity and as inclusion criteria for bariatric surgery. Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) has been suggested to predict the amount of visceral fat, metabolic traits, and cardiometabolic risk superior to BMI. The aim was to test whether SAD has stronger correlations to glucometabolic traits compared to BMI. One hundred and fifty-five (108 women, 47 men) morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery were evaluated before (baseline), 6 and 12 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP). BMI was reduced from 43.7 kg/m2 (baseline) to 31.3 kg/m2 (12 months) and SAD from 32.6 to 23.2 cm (both p<0.001). SAD correlated with CRP (p=0.04), fasting glucose (p=0.008), HbA1c (p=0.016), triglycerides (p=0.017), systolic blood pressure (p=0.032), and vitamin D (p=0.027). BMI correlated with CRP (p=0.006), triglycerides (p=0.016), vitamin D (p=0.002), and magnesium (p=0.037). Despite RYGBP surgery, vitamin D was significantly increased. Liver enzymes were significantly lowered after RYGBP and the change over time in SAD correlated with gamma-glutamyltransferase. SAD was superior to BMI to predict glucose disturbance and dyslipidemia implying increased use of SAD as it is cost effective and simple to perform in the clinic and could be of value when considering patients for bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Aldenbäck
- Bariatric Clinic, Department of Surgery, Falun Hospital, Falun, Sweden
| | - Hans-Erik Johansson
- Bariatric Clinic, Department of Surgery, Falun Hospital, Falun, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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37
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Song X, Zheng Q, Zhang R, Wang M, Deng W, Wang Q, Guo W, Li T, Ma X. Potential Biomarkers for Predicting Depression in Diabetes Mellitus. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:731220. [PMID: 34912246 PMCID: PMC8667273 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.731220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify the potential biomarkers for predicting depression in diabetes mellitus using support vector machine to analyze routine biochemical tests and vital signs between two groups: subjects with both diabetes mellitus and depression, and subjects with diabetes mellitus alone. Methods: Electronic medical records upon admission and biochemical tests and vital signs of 135 patients with both diabetes mellitus and depression and 187 patients with diabetes mellitus alone were identified for this retrospective study. After matching on factors of age and sex, the two groups (n = 72 for each group) were classified by the recursive feature elimination-based support vector machine, of which, the training data, validation data, and testing data were split for ranking the parameters, determine the optimal parameters, and assess classification performance. The biomarkers were identified by 10-fold cross validation. Results: The experimental results identified 8 predictive biomarkers with classification accuracy of 78%. The 8 biomarkers are magnesium, cholesterol, AST/ALT, percentage of monocytes, bilirubin indirect, triglyceride, lactic dehydrogenase, and diastolic blood pressure. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was also adopted with area under the curve being 0.72. Conclusions: Some biochemical parameters may be potential biomarkers to predict depression among the subjects with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Song
- Clinical Psychology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Information Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miye Wang
- Information Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sankova MV, Kytko OV, Meylanova RD, Vasil’ev YL, Nelipa MV. Possible prospects for using modern magnesium preparations for increasing stress resistance during COVID-19 pandemic. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.59407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The relevance of the issue of increasing stress resistance is due to a significant deterioration in the mental health of the population caused by the special conditions of the disease control and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, the decisive role in the severity of clinico-physiological manifestations of maladjustment to stress is assigned to magnesium ions.
The aim of the work was to study the magnesium importance in the body coping mechanisms under stress for the pathogenetic substantiation of the magnesium correction in an unfavorable situation of disease control and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and methods: The theoretical basis of this scientific and analytical review was an analysis of modern Russian and foreign literature data posted on the electronic portals MEDLINE, PubMed-NCBI, Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU, Google Academy, and CyberLeninka.
Results and discussion: It was shown that the total magnesium level in the body plays the indicator role of the body functional reserves. Acute and chronic stresses significantly increase the magnesium consumption and cause a decrease in its body content. Magnesium deficiency is one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms of reducing stress resistance and adaptive body reserves. Arising during the COVID-19 pandemic, increased nervous and emotional tension, the lack of emotional comfort and balance can lead to the onset or deterioration of magnesium deficiency, which manifests itself in mental burnout and depletion of adaptive capacities. The inability to synthesize magnesium in the body necessitates including foodstuffs high in magnesium in the population diet during this period. The appointment of magnesium preparations is pathogenetically justified with moderate and severe magnesium deficiency. This therapy should take into account the major concomitant diseases, severity of magnesium deficiency, and a patient’s age.
Conclusion: magnesium correction, carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, will contribute to increasing stress resistance, preventing mental diseases and improving the population’s life quality.
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Liu M, Dudley SC. Magnesium, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E907. [PMID: 32977544 PMCID: PMC7598282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia is commonly observed in heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Low serum magnesium (Mg) is a predictor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and treating Mg deficiency may help prevent cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which Mg deficiency plays detrimental roles in cardiovascular diseases and review the results of clinical trials of Mg supplementation for heart failure, arrhythmias and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Samuel C. Dudley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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