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Wang J, Mei L, Hao Y, Xu Y, Yang Q, Dai Z, Yang Y, Wu Z, Ji Y. Contemporary Perspectives on the Role of Vitamin D in Enhancing Gut Health and Its Implications for Preventing and Managing Intestinal Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:2352. [PMID: 39064795 PMCID: PMC11279818 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, a crucial fat-soluble vitamin, is primarily synthesized in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation and is widely recognized as a bone-associated hormone. However, recent scientific advancements have unveiled its intricate association with gut health. The intestinal barrier serves as a vital component, safeguarding the intestinal milieu and maintaining overall homeostasis. Deficiencies in vitamin D have been implicated in altering the gut microbiome composition, compromising the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, and predisposing individuals to various intestinal pathologies. Vitamin D exerts its regulatory function by binding to vitamin D receptors (VDR) present in immune cells, thereby modulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and influencing the intestinal barrier function. Notably, numerous studies have reported lower serum vitamin D levels among patients suffering from intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and celiac disease, highlighting the growing significance of vitamin D in gut health maintenance. This comprehensive review delves into the latest advancements in understanding the mechanistic role of vitamin D in modulating the gut microbiome and intestinal barrier function, emphasizing its pivotal role in immune regulation. Furthermore, we consolidate and present relevant findings pertaining to the therapeutic potential of vitamin D in the management of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (L.M.); (Q.Y.); (Z.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Lihua Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (L.M.); (Q.Y.); (Z.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yanling Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Yajun Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (L.M.); (Q.Y.); (Z.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (L.M.); (Q.Y.); (Z.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (L.M.); (Q.Y.); (Z.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (L.M.); (Q.Y.); (Z.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Yun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.W.); (L.M.); (Q.Y.); (Z.D.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
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Zhang P, Xu Q, Zhu R. Vitamin D and allergic diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1420883. [PMID: 39026686 PMCID: PMC11254667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1420883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the relationship between vitamin D and allergic diseases has received widespread attention. As a fat-soluble vitamin, vitamin D plays a crucial role in regulating the immune system and may influence the onset and progression of diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we have summarized the current research on the association between vitamin D and allergic diseases. We also discuss the impact of vitamin D on the immune system and its role in the course of allergic diseases, particularly focusing on how vitamin D supplementation affects the treatment outcomes of these conditions. We aim to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing the management and treatment of allergic diseases by modulating vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyu Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingxiu Xu
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongfei Zhu
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Haghmorad D, Soltanmohammadi A, Jadid Tavaf M, Zargarani S, Yazdanpanah E, Shadab A, Yousefi B. The protective role of interaction between vitamin D, sex hormones and calcium in multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:735-753. [PMID: 36369838 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2147431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder that causes disability and paralysis, especially among young adults. Although interactions of several factors, such as viral infections, autoimmunity, genetic and environmental factors, performance a role in the beginning and progression of the disease, the exact cause of MS is unknown to date. Different immune cells such as Th1 and Th17 play an impressive role in the immunopathogenesis of MS, while, regulatory cells such as Th2 and Treg diminish the severity of the illness. Sex hormones have a vital role in many autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis. Testosterone, estrogen and progesterone have various roles in the progress of MS, which higher prevalence of disease in women and more severe in men reveals the importance of sex hormones' role in this disease. Vitamin D after chemical changes in the body, as an active hormone called calcitriol, plays an important role in regulating immune responses and improves MS by modulating the immune system. The optimum level of calcium in the body with vitamin D modulates immune responses and calcium as an essential ion in the body plays a key role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The interaction between vitamin D and sex hormones has protective and therapeutic effects against MS and functional synergy between estrogen and calcitriol occurs in disease recovery. Moreover, vitamin D and calcium interact with each other to regulate the immune system and shift them to anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Haghmorad
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Azita Soltanmohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Jadid Tavaf
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Simin Zargarani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Shadab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Park J, Choi Y, Cho S, Park H, Kim S, Cho HI, Nah EH. Vitamin D Status and Reference Intervals Measured by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Early Adulthood to Geriatric Ages in a South Korean Population during 2017-2022. Nutrients 2024; 16:604. [PMID: 38474732 PMCID: PMC10934696 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the latest 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status of the South Korean population aged ≥ 20 years using 25(OH)D concentrations measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and to determine the factors associated with total 25(OH)D concentrations. This cross-sectional, retrospective study consecutively selected 119,335 subjects with a median age of 57 (20-101) years who underwent health checkups among 13 Korean cities during 2017-2022. The total 25(OH)D concentration was 54.5 ± 24.0 nmol/L (mean ± SD). The 7.6%, 47.5%, and 82.9% of participants had 25(OH)D less than 25, 50, and 75 nmol/L, respectively. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (<25 nmol/L) was higher in females than in males (8.9% vs. 6.1%) and varied between age groups, decreasing in older subjects. Those aged 20-29 years had the highest prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (23.0% in females and 20.1% in males), which also varied between cities. In the adjusted model, female sex, older age, summer and autumn seasons, lower body mass index (<25 kg/m2), and lower high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration (<1 mg/L) were associated with higher total 25(OH)D concentrations. This study could provide an exact understanding of the status of vitamin D and help devise strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency among the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooheon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yongjun Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.C.)
| | - Seon Cho
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07572, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (H.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Hyeran Park
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07572, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (H.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Suyoung Kim
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07572, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (H.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Han-Ik Cho
- MEDIcheck LAB, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07572, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Hee Nah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.C.)
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Safari S, Rafraf M, Malekian M, Molani-Gol R, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Mobasseri M. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic parameters, serum irisin and obesity values in women with subclinical hypothyroidism: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1306470. [PMID: 38179303 PMCID: PMC10764604 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1306470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Subclinical hypothyroidism is an early, mild form of hypothyroidism that may progress to overt hypothyroidism if untreated. The current study aimed to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on hormonal (thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH], triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and free thyroxine) parameters, lipid profiles, serum irisin, and obesity indices in women with subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods The present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out on 44 women with subclinical hypothyroidism. The participants were allocated to two groups (22 patients in each group) that received vitamin D (50,000 IU/week) or placebo for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric and body composition measurements, physical activity levels, and dietary intakes were collected at baseline and at the end of the study. Results Vitamin D supplementation significantly decreased TSH, total cholesterol, and fat mass percentage, and significantly increased serum vitamin D and irisin levels and fat-free mass percentage compared to the control group (all, p<0.05). Changes in thyroid hormones, other lipid profiles, and anthropometric indices were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion Our study indicates that vitamin D administration improves serum TSH, total cholesterol, irisin, and body composition in women with subclinical hypothyroidism. More well-designed clinical trials are required to confirm these findings and clarify the effects of vitamin D supplementation on both genders of patients.Clinical trial registration: https://www.irct.ir/trial/57482, Identifier IRCT20100408003664N25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Safari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rafraf
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Malekian
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Molani-Gol
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
- Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Majid Mobasseri
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Chen S, Chen S, Zhao Z, Cao X, Chen Z, Lin J. Association of circulating vitamin D and omega 3 fatty acid with all-cause mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A large population-based cohort study. Maturitas 2023; 178:107848. [PMID: 37757613 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the associations of both the level of circulating vitamin D and the ratio of omega-3 fatty acids to total fatty acids (omega-3 %) with mortality among participants with rheumatoid arthritis. STUDY DESIGN This study included 4,293 and 1,157 adults with rheumatoid arthritis identified by self-report from the UK Biobank for the analysis of vitamin D and omega-3 %, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Death outcomes were obtained from the National Health Service Information Centre (England and Wales) and the National Health Service Central Register Scotland (Scotland). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for mortality. RESULTS The medians (25th-75th percentiles) of serum 25(OH)D and omega-3 % were 45.8 (31.4-62.9) nmol/L and 4.1 % (3.3 %-5.1 %), respectively. During 52,612 person-years of follow-up in the 25(OH)D group, 502 all-cause deaths occurred; and during 14,192 person-years of follow-up in the omega-3 % group, 122 all-cause deaths occurred. Rheumatoid arthritis patients with vitamin D levels of at least 20 nmol/L had an approximately 40-50 % lower risk of all-cause mortality than those with severe vitamin D deficiency (hazard ratio ranging from 0.51 to 0.62, all P values < 0.05). Each unit increase in natural log-transformed 25(OH)D was associated with a 22 % reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality, and a U-shaped association between serum 25(OH)D and all-cause mortality was found. However, the association between omega-3 % and mortality was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Lower serum 25(OH)D concentration, but not omega-3 %, was significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Optimizing serum vitamin D levels may be an important factor in reducing mortality risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- College of Medical Imaging, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhijian Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhangling Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangyang Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, the Netherlands
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Chadwick C, Lehman H, Luebbert S, Abdul-Aziz R, Borowitz D. Autoimmunity in people with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:969-979. [PMID: 36966037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) clinicians may see patients who have difficult-to-manage symptoms that do not have a clear CF-related etiology, such as unusual gastrointestinal (GI) complaints, vasculitis, or arthritis. Alterations in immunity, inflammation and intraluminal dysbiosis create a milieu that may lead to autoimmunity, and the CF transmembrane regulator protein may have a direct role as well. While autoantibodies and other autoimmune markers may develop, these may or may not lead to organ involvement, therefore they are helpful but not sufficient to establish an autoimmune diagnosis. Autoimmune involvement of the GI tract is the best-established association. Next steps to understand autoimmunity in CF should include a more in-depth assessment of the community perspective on its impact. In addition, bringing together specialists in various fields including, but not limited to, pulmonology, gastroenterology, immunology, and rheumatology, would lead to cross-dissemination and help define the path forward in basic science and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Lehman
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | | | - Rabheh Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Drucy Borowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Boyd NK, Nguyen J, Khoshnood MM, Jiang T, Nguyen L, Mendez L, Spinazzi NA, Manning MA, Rafii MS, Santoro JD. Hypovitaminosis D in persons with Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:35. [PMID: 37880588 PMCID: PMC10599027 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma levels of vitamin D have been reported to be low in persons with Down syndrome (DS) and existing data is limited to small and homogenous cohorts. This is of particular importance in persons with DS given the high rates of autoimmune disease in this population and the known relationship between vitamin D and immune function. This study sought to investigate vitamin D status in a multi-center cohort of individuals with DS and compare them to individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) controls. METHODS A retrospective, multi-center review was performed. The three sites were located at latitudes of 42.361145, 37.44466, and 34.05349. Patients were identified by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 or ICD-10 codes for DS, ASD, or well-child check visits for NT individuals. The first vitamin D 25-OH level recorded in the electronic medical record (EMR) was used in this study as it was felt to be the most reflective of a natural and non-supplemented state. Vitamin D 25-OH levels below 30 ng/mL were considered deficient. RESULTS In total, 1624 individuals with DS, 5208 with ASD, and 30,775 NT controls were identified. Individuals with DS had the lowest mean level of vitamin D 25-OH at 20.67 ng/mL, compared to those with ASD (23.48 ng/mL) and NT controls (29.20 ng/mL) (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -8.97 to -6.44). A total of 399 (24.6%) individuals with DS were considered vitamin D deficient compared to 1472 (28.3%) with ASD and 12,397 (40.3%) NT controls (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -5.43 to -2.36). Individuals with DS with higher body mass index (BMI) were found to be more likely to have lower levels of vitamin D (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -0.3849 to -0.1509). Additionally, having both DS and a neurologic diagnosis increased the likelihood of having lower vitamin D levels (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -5.02 to -1.28). Individuals with DS and autoimmune disease were much more likely to have lower vitamin D levels (p < 0.001, 95% CI: -6.22 to -1.55). Similarly, a history of autoimmunity in a first-degree relative also increased the likelihood of having lower levels of vitamin D in persons with DS (p = 0.01, 95% CI: -2.45 to -0.63). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with DS were noted to have hypovitaminosis D in comparison to individuals with ASD and NT controls. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and high BMI, personal autoimmunity, and familial autoimmunity were present in individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Boyd
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | | | - Mellad M Khoshnood
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Timothy Jiang
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Lina Nguyen
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Lorena Mendez
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Noemi A Spinazzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Melanie A Manning
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Rafii
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Santoro
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS82, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Agliardi C, Guerini FR, Bolognesi E, Zanzottera M, Clerici M. VDR Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Autoimmunity: A Narrative Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:916. [PMID: 37508347 PMCID: PMC10376382 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D/Vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis is crucial for human health as it regulates the expression of genes involved in different functions, including calcium homeostasis, energy metabolism, cell growth and differentiation, and immune responses. In particular, the vitamin D/VDR complex regulates genes of both innate and adaptive immunity. Autoimmune diseases are believed to arise from a genetic predisposition and the presence of triggers such as hormones and environmental factors. Among these, a role for Vitamin D and molecules correlated to its functions has been repeatedly suggested. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the VDR gene, ApaI, BsmI, TaqI, and FokI, in particular, have been associated with autoimmune disorders. The presence of particular VDR SNP alleles and genotypes, thus, was observed to modulate the likelihood of developing diverse autoimmune conditions, either increasing or reducing it. In this work, we will review the scientific literature suggesting a role for these different factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions and summarize evidence indicating a possible VDR SNP involvement in the onset of these diseases. A better understanding of the role of the molecular mechanisms linking Vitamin D/VDR and autoimmunity might be extremely useful in designing novel therapeutic avenues for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, LAMMB, 20148 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Conte C, Antonelli G, Melica ME, Tarocchi M, Romagnani P, Peired AJ. Role of Sex Hormones in Prevalent Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098244. [PMID: 37175947 PMCID: PMC10179191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a constantly growing global health burden, with more than 840 million people affected worldwide. CKD presents sex disparities in the pathophysiology of the disease, as well as in the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and disease progression. Overall, while CKD is more frequent in females, males have a higher risk to progress to end-stage kidney disease. In recent years, numerous studies have highlighted the role of sex hormones in the health and diseases of several organs, including the kidney. In this review, we present a clinical overview of the sex-differences in CKD and a selection of prominent kidney diseases causing CKD: lupus nephritis, diabetic kidney disease, IgA nephropathy, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. We report clinical and experimental findings on the role of sex hormones in the development of the disease and its progression to end-stage kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Conte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Antonelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Melica
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Tarocchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Julie Peired
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Bansal N, Pasricha C, Kumari P, Jangra S, Kuar R, Singh R. A comprehensive overview of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: From pathophysiology to management. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103337. [PMID: 37068698 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disease. It is among the most widespread chronic illnesses in children, with an annual incidence of 1.6 to 23 new instances per 100,000 adolescents. About 1 child in every 1000 develops Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) type of chronic arthritis. The cause of JIA is not well known but what known is that it involves inflammation of the synovium and destruction of tissues in joints which can cause early-onset of oligo articular JIA. It is challenging to diagnose the condition in some children who initially complain of pain and joint swelling as there is no blood test discovered that can confirm the diagnoses of JIA. As JIA patients are immunosuppressed due to the use of drugs, making them vulnerable to catch infections like COVID 19 which can lead to cardiovascular diseases having high rate of morbidity and mortality. The comorbidity like Diabetes has higher incidence in these patients resulting in synergistic effect on inflammation. Currently, the connection of genetics in JIA provides evidence that HLA Class I and II alleles have a role in the pathophysiology of various subtypes of JIA which includes inflammation in the axial skeletal. The primary objective of therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the suppression of clinical symptoms. The pharmacological approach includes use of medications like DMARDs, NSAIDs etc. and non-pharmacological approach includes physiotherapy, which helps in restoring normal joint function and herbs as adjuvants which has the benefit of no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Bansal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitakara University, Punjab, India
| | - Chirag Pasricha
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitakara University, Punjab, India
| | - Pratima Kumari
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitakara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sarita Jangra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitakara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rupinder Kuar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitakara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitakara University, Punjab, India.
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Xu JJ, Zhang XB, Tong WT, Ying T, Liu KQ. Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization study evaluating the association of circulating vitamin D with complex diseases. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1108477. [PMID: 37063319 PMCID: PMC10095159 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1108477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCirculating vitamin D has been associated with multiple clinical diseases in observational studies, but the association was inconsistent due to the presence of confounders. We conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the healthy atlas of vitamin D in many clinical traits and evaluate their causal association.MethodsBased on a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS), the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) instruments of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) from 443,734 Europeans and the corresponding effects of 10 clinical diseases and 42 clinical traits in the European population were recruited to conduct a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Under the network of Mendelian randomization analysis, inverse-variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, and Mendelian randomization (MR)–Egger regression were performed to explore the causal effects and pleiotropy. Mendelian randomization pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) was conducted to uncover and exclude pleiotropic SNPs.ResultsThe results revealed that genetically decreased vitamin D was inversely related to the estimated BMD (β = −0.029 g/cm2, p = 0.027), TC (β = −0.269 mmol/L, p = 0.006), TG (β = −0.208 mmol/L, p = 0.002), and pulse pressure (β = −0.241 mmHg, p = 0.043), while positively associated with lymphocyte count (β = 0.037%, p = 0.015). The results did not reveal any causal association of vitamin D with clinical diseases. On the contrary, genetically protected CKD was significantly associated with increased vitamin D (β = 0.056, p = 2.361 × 10−26).ConclusionThe putative causal effects of circulating vitamin D on estimated bone mass, plasma triglyceride, and total cholesterol were uncovered, but not on clinical diseases. Vitamin D may be linked to clinical disease by affecting health-related metabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-jian Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-bin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingdezhen No.1 People's Hospital, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-tao Tong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingdezhen No.1 People's Hospital, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China
| | - Teng Ying
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi Medical College, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ke-qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Ke-qi Liu
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Aribi M, Mennechet FJD, Touil-Boukoffa C. Editorial: The role of vitamin D as an immunomodulator. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186635. [PMID: 37056773 PMCID: PMC10086413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Aribi
- Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, W0414100. University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
- *Correspondence: Mourad Aribi,
| | - Franck J. D. Mennechet
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, The Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1058, University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Antilles University, Montpellier, France
| | - Chafia Touil-Boukoffa
- Cytokines and Nitric Oxide (NO) Synthases Team, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LBCM), Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers, Algeria
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Bilgin M, Keskin A, Aci R, Baklacioglu HS, Arslanbek Erdem M. Darkness hormone or daylight hormone in women with systemic lupus erythematosus? Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:93-99. [PMID: 36125575 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, it was aimed to compare the effects of both melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, defined as an immune modulator, on laboratory diagnostic criteria parameters and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS The study included 56 women with SLE and 40 healthy women (control group). Melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels of patients and healthy individuals included in the study were examined. In addition, leukocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, C3, C4, anti-double-stranded DNA (Anti-dsDNA), antinuclear antibody, and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) were analyzed in women with SLE. Patients were divided into four subgroups according to SLEDAI. RESULTS Melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels of women with SLE were lower than healthy women (p < 0.001). Both melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were not correlated with laboratory diagnostic criteria parameters. Only 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were correlated with leukocyte levels (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the melatonin levels of the subgroups. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels of the subgroup without disease activity were higher than levels of the subgroups with disease activity (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between SLEDAI score and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Women with SLE had lower melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels than healthy women. On the other hand, parameters of laboratory diagnostic criteria of SLE disease were not related. Only 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were inversely related leukocyte levels. SLE disease activity was not correlated with melatonin levels but negatively correlated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels. Key Points • Women with SLE have low levels of melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. • Melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels are not related to the laboratory diagnostic criteria parameters for SLE disease. • Low levels of melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 may be a factor in the unbalanced immune system of SLE. • Supplementation of melatonin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 may be recommended for women patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Bilgin
- Department of Microbiology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, 199 Barıs Boulevard, Kadıkoy Neighborhood, Ilkadım, Samsun, 55090, Turkey.
| | - Adem Keskin
- Department of Medicine Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Recai Aci
- Department of Biochemistry, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
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Harsini S, Rezaei N. Autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Adamczewska D, Słowikowska-Hilczer J, Walczak-Jędrzejowska R. The Association between Vitamin D and the Components of Male Fertility: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010090. [PMID: 36672602 PMCID: PMC9912266 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous systematic reviews of the effects of vitamin D on the components of male fertility have been inconclusive. This article systematically reviews the latest research to examine the relationship between vitamin D, semen quality parameters, and sex hormones production. METHODS MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched using the appropriate keywords. RESULTS Observational studies indicate significant correlation between vitamin D levels and sperm parameters, with a particular emphasis on sperm motility, and partially suggest a relationship between higher serum testosterone and vitamin D levels. Additionally, interventional studies confirmed that vitamin D supplementation has a positive effect on sperm motility, especially progressive. However, most randomized clinical trials indicate that vitamin D treatment does not have any significant effect on testosterone or other hormone levels. CONCLUSIONS Although our findings add to the discussion regarding the effect of vitamin D on male fertility, there is still no solid evidence to support the use of vitamin D supplementation to improve the outcomes of patients with impaired sperm parameters and hormonal disorders. Additional dedicated clinical studies are needed to clarify the relationship between vitamin D and male fertility, along with its components.
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Puangsricharoen B, Vanikieti K, Jindahra P, Padungkiatsagul T. Serum Vitamin D Levels and Status in Thai Optic Neuritis Subjects: A Case-Control Study. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:3381-3389. [PMID: 36249444 PMCID: PMC9554574 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s383703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To measure serum total vitamin D or 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and status in immune-based optic neuritis (ON) including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)-ON, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)-ON, autoimmune-ON, and idiopathic-ON and compare them with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The secondary objective was to analyze the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and ON attack severity (nadir best-corrected visual acuity; nadir BCVA). Materials and Methods This was a single-center, case-control study. We enrolled 59 subjects (19 NMOSD-ON, 6 MOGAD-ON, 11 autoimmune-ON, 23 idiopathic-ON) diagnosed with acute immune-based ON (any ON attacks) over 11 years. Electronic medical records were reviewed and demographic data (age at sampling, sex, aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin (AQP4-IgG); myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG); other biomarkers of autoimmune disorders), ON attack severity (nadir BCVA), and serum 25(OH)D levels in the acute phase of ON were collected. Serum 25(OH)D levels of 236 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were assessed. Results Mean serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in each group of immune-based ON compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001 for each ON group). However, mean serum 25(OH)D levels were not significantly different between four ON groups (NMOSD-ON, 20.18±5.90 ng/mL; MOGAD-ON, 23.07±4.94 ng/mL; autoimmune-ON, 21.14±5.29 ng/mL; idiopathic-ON, 19.56 ±5.12 ng/mL; p = 0.525). All immune-based ON subjects had vitamin D insufficiency or vitamin D deficiency. The prevalences of vitamin D insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency were significantly higher than in healthy controls in each ON group (both p < 0.05 in each ON group). No associations were observed between serum 25(OH)D levels and ON attack severity (nadir BCVA). Conclusions Thai immune-based ON subjects had lower serum 25(OH)D levels and higher prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum 25(OH)D levels were not associated with ON attack severity (nadir BCVA). We highly recommend that serum 25(OH)D levels be screened in all subjects with acute immune-based ON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busayanut Puangsricharoen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kavin Vanikieti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panitha Jindahra
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanyatuth Padungkiatsagul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Correspondence: Tanyatuth Padungkiatsagul, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand, Tel +662 201 1526, Fax +662 201 2729, Email
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Ashraf H, Solla P, Sechi LA. Current Advancement of Immunomodulatory Drugs as Potential Pharmacotherapies for Autoimmunity Based Neurological Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091077. [PMID: 36145298 PMCID: PMC9504155 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dramatic advancement has been made in recent decades to understand the basis of autoimmunity-mediated neurological diseases. These diseases create a strong influence on the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), leading to various clinical manifestations and numerous symptoms. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent autoimmune neurological disease while NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is less common. Furthermore, evidence supports the presence of autoimmune mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive death of motor neurons. Additionally, autoimmunity is believed to be involved in the basis of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In recent years, the prevalence of autoimmune-based neurological disorders has been elevated and current findings strongly suggest the role of pharmacotherapies in controlling the progression of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, this review focused on the current advancement of immunomodulatory drugs as novel approaches in the management of autoimmune neurological diseases and their future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Ashraf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Solla
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Atonio Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Complex Structure of Microbology and Virology, AOU Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Ravaioli F, Pivetti A, Di Marco L, Chrysanthi C, Frassanito G, Pambianco M, Sicuro C, Gualandi N, Guasconi T, Pecchini M, Colecchia A. Role of Vitamin D in Liver Disease and Complications of Advanced Chronic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169016. [PMID: 36012285 PMCID: PMC9409132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a crucial nutrient with many pleiotropic effects on health and various chronic diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed report on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency in patients with chronic liver disease, addressing the different liver etiologies and the condition of advanced chronic liver disease (cirrhosis) with related complications. To date, patients with liver disease, regardless of underlying etiology, have been shown to have reduced levels of vitamin D. There is also evidence of the predictive role of vitamin D values in complications and progression of advanced disease. However, specific indications of vitamin D supplementation are not conclusive concerning what is already recommended in the general population. Future studies should make an effort to unify and validate the role of vitamin D supplementation in chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ravaioli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40128 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandra Pivetti
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenza Di Marco
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Christou Chrysanthi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriella Frassanito
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Martina Pambianco
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Sicuro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Noemi Gualandi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Tomas Guasconi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Maddalena Pecchini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Colecchia
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
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Hojjatipour T, Aslani S, Salimifard S, Mikaeili H, Hemmatzadeh M, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Ahangar Parvin E, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Mohammadi H. NK cells - Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li H, Yang YG, Sun T. Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Induction of Tolerance and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:889291. [PMID: 35464732 PMCID: PMC9019755 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.889291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by disorders of immune regulation. Antigen-specific immunotherapy has the potential to inhibit the autoreactivity of inflammatory T cells and induce antigen-specific immune suppression without impairing normal immune function, offering an ideal strategy for autoimmune disease treatment. Tolerogenic dendritic cells (Tol DCs) with immunoregulatory functions play important roles in inducing immune tolerance. However, the effective generation of tolerogenic DCs in vivo remains a great challenge. The application of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems in autoimmune disease treatment can increase the efficiency of inducing antigen-specific tolerance in vivo. In this review, we discuss multiple nanoparticles, with a focus on their potential in treatment of autoimmune diseases. We also discuss how the physical properties of nanoparticles influence their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Tianmeng Sun,
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Wu MY, Wang EJ, Feng D, Li M, Ye RD, Lu JH. Pharmacological insights into autophagy modulation in autoimmune diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3364-3378. [PMID: 34900523 PMCID: PMC8642426 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a cellular bulk degradation and survival mechanism, autophagy is implicated in diverse biological processes. Genome-wide association studies have revealed the link between autophagy gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), indicating that autophagy dysregulation may be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. A series of autophagy modulators have displayed protective effects on autoimmune disease models, highlighting the emerging role of autophagy modulators in treating autoimmune diseases. This review explores the roles of autophagy in the autoimmune diseases, with emphasis on four major autoimmune diseases [SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), IBD, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)]. More importantly, the therapeutic potentials of small molecular autophagy modulators (including autophagy inducers and inhibitors) on autoimmune diseases are comprehensively analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 9999078, China
| | - Er-Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 9999078, China
| | - Du Feng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, College of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Richard D. Ye
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 9999078, China
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Sun Q, Gao Y, Qiao L, Yuan Y, Liu Q. 25(OH)-Vitamin D alleviates neonatal infectious pneumonia via regulating TGFβ-mediated nuclear translocation mechanism of YAP/TAZ. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8931-8942. [PMID: 34643152 PMCID: PMC8806993 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1990000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal infectious pneumonia (NIP) is a common infectious disease that develops in the neonatal period. The purpose of our study was to explore the potential roles of 25(OH)-Vitamin D (25-OH-VD) and its anti-inflammatory mechanism in NIP. The results showed that serum 25-OH-VD level was negatively correlated with the severity of NIP, whereas Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the severity of NIP and the levels of pneumonia markers procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) was down-regulated, while the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), nuclear YAP, and TAZ were up-regulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of neonates with severe pneumonia. Neonates with 25-OH-VD deficiency were associated with an increased risk of NIP. In BEAS-2B cells, down-regulation of nuclear YAP and TAZ was found in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + VD group relative to the LPS-induced group. Additionally, positive rate of nuclear YAP, as detected by immunocytochemistry (ICC), and the nuclear translocation of nuclear YAP/TAZ by IFA in the LPS+VD group showed an intermediate level between that of the control and LPS-induced groups. Furthermore, the expressions of VDR and CYP27B1 were significantly increased in the LPS+VD group as compared to those in the LPS-induced group. The anti-inflammatory mechanism in NIP was achieved due to the 25-OH-VD mediating TGFβ/YAP/TAZ pathway, which suggested that using 25-OH-VD might be a potential strategy for NIP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yiwen Gao
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Qiao
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with alopecia areata and their comparison with levels in healthy controls: A cross-sectional study. JAAD Int 2021; 5:78-84. [PMID: 34622224 PMCID: PMC8484040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alopecia areata (AA) has been postulated to be an autoimmune disease affecting the hair follicles. Because vitamin D receptors are present in the immune system and hair follicles, vitamin D has been hypothesized to affect the disease. Objective The aim of this study was to determine serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the percentage of vitamin D deficiency in AA patients and compare them with those in healthy controls in a Philippine tertiary hospital. Methods This cross-sectional study included 29 AA patients and 29 healthy controls. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were determined using the chemiluminescent immunoassay method. Results There was no significant difference in the mean vitamin D levels between AA patients (24.41 ± 6.87 ng/mL) and healthy controls (24.68 ± 6.68 ng/mL) (P = .88). The percentage of patients with vitamin D deficiency, defined as <20 ng/mL, trended to higher among AA patients (34.4%) than among healthy controls (17.2%), with an odds ratio of 2.53 (95% CI 0.73-8.65), though this was not statsitically significant. Limitations This study involved a limited number of patients in an urbanized area in the Philippines, and majority of the AA cases seen had mild AA. Conclusion The trend toward the increased percentage of vitamin D-deficient individuals among AA patients seen in this study may provide insight into the association of vitamin D with AA.
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Menshawey E, Menshawey R, Nabeh OA. Shedding light on vitamin D: the shared mechanistic and pathophysiological role between hypovitaminosis D and COVID-19 risk factors and complications. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1017-1031. [PMID: 34185200 PMCID: PMC8239482 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) is the culprit of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), which has infected approximately 173 million people and killed more than 3.73 million. At risk groups including diabetic and obese patients are more vulnerable to COVID-19-related complications and poor outcomes. Substantial evidence points to hypovitaminosis D as a risk factor for severe disease, the need for ICU, and mortality. 1,25(OH)D, a key regulator of calcium homeostasis, is believed to have various immune-regulatory roles including; promoting anti-inflammatory cytokines, down regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, dampening entry and replication of SARS-COV-2, and the production of antimicrobial peptides. In addition, there are strong connections which suggest that dysregulated 1,25(OH)D levels play a mechanistic and pathophysiologic role in several disease processes that are shared with COVID-19 including: diabetes, obesity, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cytokine storm, and even hypercoagulable states. With evidence continuing to grow for the case that low vitamin D status is a risk factor for COVID-19 disease and poor outcomes, there is a need now to address the public health efforts set in place to minimize infection, such as lock down orders, which may have inadvertently increased hypovitaminosis D in the general population and those already at risk (elderly, obese, and disabled). Moreover, there is a need to address the implications of this evidence and how we may apply the use of cheaply available supplementation, which has yet to overcome the near global concern of hypovitaminosis D. In our review, we exhaustively scope these shared pathophysiologic connections between COVID-19 and hypovitaminosis D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Menshawey
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr al Ainy, Geziret Elroda, Manial, Cairo, 11562 Egypt
| | - Rahma Menshawey
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr al Ainy, Geziret Elroda, Manial, Cairo, 11562 Egypt
| | - Omnia Azmy Nabeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cairo University, Kasr al Ainy, Geziret Elroda, Manial, Cairo, 11562 Egypt
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Rock NM, Anghileri E, Cousin VL, Petit LM, McLin VA. Vitamin D Insufficiency Prior to Paediatric Liver Transplantation Is Associated with Early T-Cell Mediated Rejection. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8070612. [PMID: 34356591 PMCID: PMC8306001 DOI: 10.3390/children8070612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: T-cell mediated rejection (TCMR) can compromise long-term liver allograft survival. The immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D are increasingly recognized. We investigated whether perturbations in vitamin D metabolism prior to LT may predispose to TCMR in a representative cohort of paediatric LT recipients. Methods: In this retrospective single-center study of children who underwent liver transplantation between 2005 and 2017, we collected serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels and other parameters related to vitamin D metabolism. Post-transplant variables were collected from medical records during the first year following LT. Results: Eighty-two patients were included. Twenty-six (32%) developed TCMR, 52 (65%) presented at least one event of 25(OH) D insufficiency during the year before the transplant, while 23 (32%) had at least one documented elevated plasma parathyroid hormone level. Forty-six patients benefited from nutritional support (56%). The development of TCMR was associated with vitamin D insufficiency pre-LT (p = 0.01). No significant correlations were identified between PTH levels and incidence of TCMR. The association was stronger in patients transplanted for cholestatic diseases (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Vitamin D insufficiency before a liver transplant may be associated with TCMR during the first year post-LT. These findings warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie M. Rock
- Swiss Paediatric Liver Center, Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Division of Paediatric Specialties, Department of Paediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 6, Rue Willy-Donzé, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (E.A.); (V.L.C.); (L.-M.P.); (V.A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-22-3724545; Fax: +41-22-3725489
| | - Elisa Anghileri
- Swiss Paediatric Liver Center, Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Division of Paediatric Specialties, Department of Paediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 6, Rue Willy-Donzé, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (E.A.); (V.L.C.); (L.-M.P.); (V.A.M.)
- School for General Medicine, Polis Lombardia, via Taramelli 12, 20124 Milano, Italy
| | - Vladimir L. Cousin
- Swiss Paediatric Liver Center, Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Division of Paediatric Specialties, Department of Paediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 6, Rue Willy-Donzé, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (E.A.); (V.L.C.); (L.-M.P.); (V.A.M.)
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Rue Gabriel-Perret Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia-Marie Petit
- Swiss Paediatric Liver Center, Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Division of Paediatric Specialties, Department of Paediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 6, Rue Willy-Donzé, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (E.A.); (V.L.C.); (L.-M.P.); (V.A.M.)
| | - Valérie A. McLin
- Swiss Paediatric Liver Center, Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Division of Paediatric Specialties, Department of Paediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, 6, Rue Willy-Donzé, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (E.A.); (V.L.C.); (L.-M.P.); (V.A.M.)
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Antonelli M, Kushner I. Low Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Accompany Severe COVID-19 Because it is a Negative Acute Phase Reactant. Am J Med Sci 2021; 362:333-335. [PMID: 34166653 PMCID: PMC8216860 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonelli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University at MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Irving Kushner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University at MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Giandalia A, Giuffrida AE, Gembillo G, Cucinotta D, Squadrito G, Santoro D, Russo GT. Gender Differences in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Focus on Hormonal, Genetic and Clinical Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5808. [PMID: 34071671 PMCID: PMC8198374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious complications of both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Current guidelines recommend a personalized approach in order to reduce the burden of DM and its complications. Recognizing sex and gender- differences in medicine is considered one of the first steps toward personalized medicine, but the gender issue in DM has been scarcely explored so far. Gender differences have been reported in the incidence and the prevalence of DKD, in its phenotypes and clinical manifestations, as well as in several risk factors, with a different impact in the two genders. Hormonal factors, especially estrogen loss, play a significant role in explaining these differences. Additionally, the impact of sex chromosomes as well as the influence of gene-sex interactions with several susceptibility genes for DKD have been investigated. In spite of the increasing evidence that sex and gender should be included in the evaluation of DKD, several open issues remain uncovered, including the potentially different effects of newly recommended drugs, such as SGLT2i and GLP1Ras. This narrative review explored current evidence on sex/gender differences in DKD, taking into account hormonal, genetic and clinical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Giandalia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alfio Edoardo Giuffrida
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Gembillo
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Cucinotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina T Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Kwon KJ, Jeong SJ, Eun YG, Oh IH, Lee YC. Risk of cancer in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in Korea: A nationwide population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25628. [PMID: 33879738 PMCID: PMC8078402 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), a common mucosal lesion, and cancer has not been demonstrated. This study investigated the risk for developing cancer in patients with RAS, based on data from Korea's National Health Insurance Sharing Service (NHISS). Nationwide population-based cohort data from 2005 to 2009 provided by the NHISS was used. The group diagnosed with RAS for 5 years and an undiagnosed control group were constructed through 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). The experimental design compared the incidence rate of a cancer diagnosis from 2010 to 2015 between these 2 groups. After identifying 13,808 people that met our inclusion criterion from a 1 million cohort group, 13,808 controls were included in the study through PSM. Among all cancers, pancreatic cancer had an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.26 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.57, P < .041). For the rest of the cancers, there was no significant incidence rate. RAS was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in the analysis using large population-based cohort data. Further long-term follow-up studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Jin Kwon
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul
| | - Su Jin Jeong
- Kyung Hee University Hospital, Medical Science Research Institute
| | - Young-Gyu Eun
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul
| | - In Hwan Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chan Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul
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Punceviciene E, Gaizevska J, Sabaliauskaite R, Venceviciene L, Puriene A, Vitkus D, Jarmalaite S, Butrimiene I. Vitamin D and VDR Gene Polymorphisms' Association with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Lithuanian Population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57040346. [PMID: 33916688 PMCID: PMC8065838 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune, multi-factorial disease, in which environmental and genetic factors play a major role. RA is possibly linked to vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms, and research demonstrates that FokI variant susceptibility is associated with increased disease risk among Caucasians. The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin D deficiency prevalence and its correlation to RA clinical parameters, and to determine the possible association of VDR gene polymorphisms and RA susceptibility in the Lithuanian population. Materials and Methods: Overall, 206 RA patients and 180 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled at Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos after informed consent was obtained. The disease activity score 28 C-reactive protein (DAS28 CRP), rheumatoid arthritis impact of disease (RAID) score, and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) were recorded in RA patients, and 25(OH)D serum levels were evaluated by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay for all subjects. Four VDR gene polymorphisms, BsmI, FokI, ApaI, and TaqI, were assessed using real-time PCR instruments and genotyping assays in both groups. Results: The study registered a high prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) in RA patients (61.55% (n = 127)). The mean serum concentration in RA patients (44.96 ± 21.92 (nmol/L)) was significantly lower than in the healthy controls (54.90 ± 22.82 (nmol/L)), p < 0.0001. A significant inverse correlation between vitamin D level, DAS28 CRP, and HAQ scores was confirmed in RA patients, with p < 0.05. Still, there was no significant association between the overall risk of RA disease for any allele or genotype of the four VDR loci tested. Conclusions: The study confirmed that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among RA patients and the 25(OH)D level is significantly lower compared with healthy controls. Lower vitamin D concentration was related with increased disease activity and disability scores. However, genetic analysis of four VDR polymorphisms did not confer the susceptibility to RA in Lithuanian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Punceviciene
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21, 03101Vilnius, Lithuania;
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių str. 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Centre of Rheumatology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros klinikos, Santariškių str. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-618-22628
| | - Justina Gaizevska
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.G.); (S.J.)
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių str. 1, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | | | - Lina Venceviciene
- Centre of Family Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariškių str. 2, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alina Puriene
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Vilnius University Hospital Žalgiris Clinic, Žalgirio str. 115, 08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dalius Vitkus
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santarosklinikos, Santariškių str. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Jarmalaite
- Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.G.); (S.J.)
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių str. 1, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Irena Butrimiene
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Traumatology Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21, 03101Vilnius, Lithuania;
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių str. 5, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Centre of Rheumatology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros klinikos, Santariškių str. 2, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Liu M, Liang S, Zhang C. NK Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: Protective or Pathogenic? Front Immunol 2021; 12:624687. [PMID: 33777006 PMCID: PMC7994264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases generally result from the loss of self-tolerance (i.e., failure of the immune system to distinguish self from non-self), and are characterized by autoantibody production and hyperactivation of T cells, which leads to damage of specific or multiple organs. Thus, autoimmune diseases can be classified as organ-specific or systemic. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of autoimmunity. Recent studies have demonstrated the contribution of innate immunity to the onset of autoimmune diseases. Natural killer (NK) cells, which are key components of the innate immune system, have been implicated in the development of multiple autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, type I diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune liver disease. However, NK cells have both protective and pathogenic roles in autoimmunity depending on the NK cell subset, microenvironment, and disease type or stage. In this work, we review the current knowledge of the varied roles of NK cell subsets in systemic and organic-specific autoimmune diseases and their clinical potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Liu
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shujuan Liang
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Williamson J, Black L, Black A, Koduri G, Kelly C. There are similarities between rheumatic disease with lung involvement and COVID-19 pneumonia. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:1-5. [PMID: 33564974 PMCID: PMC7872822 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction There is considerable overlap between the clinical manifestations of covid-19 pneumonia and the acute interstitial lung disease seen in certain rheumatic disorders. In addition, pulmonary fibrosis is increasingly recognised as a potentially serious consequence of both. Methods This review explores this overlap of clinical features, risk factors and causation, offering insights into the immune mechanisms that contribute to both sets of disorders. Results The therapeutic role of immunosuppression and biologic agents in the treatment of covid-19 is explained in the light of this. Discussion We propose how lessons learned from the insights recently gained into each disorder can improve our insight into immunological mechanisms and application of therapeutic interventions in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Clive Kelly
- University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Lin MY, Lim LM, Tsai SP, Jian FX, Hwang SJ, Lin YH, Chiu YW. Low dose ultraviolet B irradiation at 308 nm with light-emitting diode device effectively increases serum levels of 25(OH)D. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2583. [PMID: 33510382 PMCID: PMC7844009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This animal study aimed to elucidate the relationship of low-dose, narrow-band UVB at 308 nm with vitamin D synthesis. C57BL/6 female mice, at 3 weeks-of-age, were randomly divided into the following six groups (n = 6 at each time point of vitamin D measurement), which were: (1) normal diet without UVB irradiation; (2) VDd diet without UVB irradiation; and (3)-(6) VDd diet with 308 nm-UVB irradiation of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μω/cm2, respectively. All of the groups needing UVB irradiation received an exposure of 10 min per day, five days per week, and a duration of 3-5 weeks. The mice recovering from severe VDd (plasma total 25-hydroxyvitamin D level increasing from approximately 3 to over 30 ng/mL) only occurred in groups with a UVB irradiation dosage of either 50 or 100 μω/cm2. The optimal, estimated dosage for mice to recover from severe VDd was 355 mJ/cm2 within 3 weeks. Low-dose, narrow-band UVB irradiation at 308 nm is effective in improving VDd in mice. The results obtained, in addition to the especially small side effects of the above UVB irradiation formula, could be further translated to treating VDd-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yen Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, TzYou 1st Rd., Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Lee Moay Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, TzYou 1st Rd., Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Siao-Ping Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, TzYou 1st Rd., Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Xuan Jian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, TzYou 1st Rd., Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jyh Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, TzYou 1st Rd., Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, TzYou 1st Rd., Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City, 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Kalia V, Studzinski GP, Sarkar S. Role of vitamin D in regulating COVID-19 severity-An immunological perspective. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:809-819. [PMID: 33464639 PMCID: PMC8014852 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4covr1020-698r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, a key nutrient/prohormone classically associated with skeletal health, is also an important immunomodulator, with pleotropic effects on innate and adaptive immune cells. Outcomes of several chronic, autoimmune, and infectious diseases are linked to vitamin D. Emergent correlations of vitamin D insufficiency with coronavirus‐induced disease 2019 (COVID‐19) severity, alongside empirical and clinical evidence of immunoregulation by vitamin D in other pulmonary diseases, have prompted proposals of vitamin D supplementation to curb the COVID‐19 public health toll. In this review paper, we engage an immunological lens to discuss potential mechanisms by which vitamin D signals might regulate respiratory disease severity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) infections, vis a vis other pulmonary infections. It is proposed that vitamin D signals temper lung inflammatory cascades during SARS‐CoV2 infection, and insufficiency of vitamin D causes increased inflammatory cytokine storm, thus leading to exacerbated respiratory disease. Additionally, analogous to studies of reduced cancer incidence, the dosage of vitamin D compounds administered to patients near the upper limit of safety may serve to maximize immune health benefits and mitigate inflammation and disease severity in SARS‐CoV2 infections. We further deliberate on the importance of statistically powered clinical correlative and interventional studies, and the need for in‐depth basic research into vitamin D‐dependent host determinants of respiratory disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Kalia
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - George P Studzinski
- Department of Pathology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Surojit Sarkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Savastio S, Cadario F, D'Alfonso S, Stracuzzi M, Pozzi E, Raviolo S, Rizzollo S, Gigliotti L, Boggio E, Bellomo G, Basagni C, Bona G, Rabbone I, Dianzani U, Prodam F. Vitamin D Supplementation Modulates ICOS+ and ICOS- Regulatory T Cell in Siblings of Children With Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5897243. [PMID: 32844222 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D plays an immunoregulatory activity. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between blood serum 25(OH)D levels and Th17 and Treg circulating subsets, mainly Treg/inducible costimulatory-positive (ICOS+), which seems to have a protective role in autoimmunity, in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and their healthy siblings (S). The secondary aim was to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on these subsets. PATIENTS AND METHODS 22 T1D and 33 S were enrolled. Glucose, hemoglobin A1c, 25 OH vitamin D (25[OH]D), T helper type 17 (Th17; CD4+CCR6+), regulatory T cells (Treg; CD4+CD25+Foxp3+), and Treg/ICOS+ cells were evaluated. According to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes, subjects were classified as "at risk" (HLA+), "protective haplotypes" (HLA-; "nested controls"), and "undetermined" (HLAUND). T1D and S subjects were supplemented with cholecalciferol 1000 IU/die and evaluated after 6 months. RESULTS Vitamin D insufficiency (74.4%) and deficiency (43%) were frequent. S subjects with 25(OH)D levels <25 nmol/L had Th17, Treg (p < 0.01), and Treg/ICOS+ (P < 0.05) percentages higher than subjects with 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L. Treg/ICOS+ percentages (P < 0.05) were higher in HLA- S subjects compared to percentages observed in S with T1D. At baseline, in S subjects, a decreasing trend in Th17 and Treg/ICOS+ values (P < 0.05) from vitamin D deficiency to sufficiency was observed; 25(OH)D levels were negative predictors of Treg/ICOS+ (R2 = 0.301) and Th17 percentages (R2 = 0.138). After 6 months, supplemented S subjects showed higher 25(OH)D levels (P < 0.0001), and lower Th17 (P < 0.0001) and Treg/ICOS+ (P < 0.05) percentages than at baseline; supplemented T1D patients only had a decrease in Th17 levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Serum 25(OH)D levels seem to affect Th17 and Treg cell subsets in S subjects, consistent with its immunomodulating role. HLA role should be investigated in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Savastio
- SCDU of Pediatrics, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Cadario
- SCDU of Pediatrics, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Sandra D'Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Stracuzzi
- SCDU of Pediatrics, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Erica Pozzi
- SCDU of Pediatrics, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Raviolo
- SCDU of Pediatrics, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Rizzollo
- SCDU of Pediatrics, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Gigliotti
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bellomo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Basagni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianni Bona
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ivana Rabbone
- SCDU of Pediatrics, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- SCDU of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- SCDU of Pediatrics, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Deng Z, Li M, Guo J, Zhou D, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang H. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and late delayed radiation-induced brain injury in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case-control study. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01892. [PMID: 33103377 PMCID: PMC7749572 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inflammatory reaction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of late delayed radiation-induced brain injury (RBI). Low vitamin D levels are closely associated with various immuno-inflammatory diseases, but the relationship with late delayed RBI remains unknown. Here, we aimed to determine the association of serum vitamin D levels with clinical parameters in late delayed RBI patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and clinical and cerebrospinal fluid parameters were evaluated in 21 patients with RBI and compared with 90 age-, sex-, and season-matched healthy controls. RESULTS 25-(OH)D3 levels were lower in patients with RBI compared to controls (40.39 ± 22.11 vs. 64.54 ± 19.89 nmol/L, p < .001), especially for aged ≥60 years (vs. <60 years, p = .038), females (vs. males, p = .012), short latency (<5 years) (vs. ≥5 years, p = .015), and severe impairment (LENT/SOMA score ≥3) (vs. LENT/SOMA score <3, p = .010). Serum 25-(OH)D3 levels were associated with age (r = -.464, p = .015), Latency of RBI (r = .416, p = .031) and LENT/SOMA Scale (r = -.488, p = .010). CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that serum 25-(OH)D3 levels were reduced in late delayed RBI patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhezhi Deng
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological DiseasesNational Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of NeurologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Minping Li
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological DiseasesNational Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of NeurologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Junjie Guo
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological DiseasesNational Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of NeurologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Dongxiao Zhou
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological DiseasesNational Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of NeurologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Xurui Huang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological DiseasesNational Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of NeurologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Yongxin Huang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological DiseasesNational Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of NeurologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Haiwei Huang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological DiseasesNational Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of NeurologyGuangzhouChina
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Liu B, Fan D, Yin F. The Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Visceral Fat Accumulation in Males with Type 2 Diabetes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020; 66:396-401. [PMID: 33132341 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency may play an important role in obesity. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between vitamin D status and visceral fat accumulation in males with type 2 diabetes. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 128 adult males with type 2 diabetes in Qinhuangdao. The nutritional status of vitamin D was assessed by circulating levels of 25(OH)D, vitamin D deficiency <30 nmol/L, vitamin D insufficiency 30-50 nmol/L and vitamin D sufficiency >50 nmol/L. Accumulation of visceral fat was defined as visceral fat area ≥100 cm2. The prevalence of visceral fat accumulation was 35.9%. The prevalence of visceral fat accumulation was 14.6%, 45.1% and 50.0% in type 2 diabetes with vitamin D sufficiency, vitamin D insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency, respectively. In multiple logistic regression analysis, subjects with vitamin D insufficiency [OR=4.255, p=0.012] and vitamin D deficiency [OR=6.122, p=0.022] were more likely to have visceral fat accumulation compared with subjects with vitamin D sufficiency. Visceral fat accumulation linked to the cluster of cardiometabolic risk factor in males with type 2 diabetes. There was a significant correlation between vitamin D status and visceral fat accumulation in males with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao
| | - Dongmei Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao
| | - Fuzai Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao
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Guo Y, Wu CY, Deng YH, Wu JL. <p>Associations Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Thyroid Function Parameters in Previously Healthy Children Aged 6 to 24 Months</p>. Healthc Policy 2020; 13:1647-1653. [PMID: 33061698 PMCID: PMC7519340 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s269640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to overt thyroid diseases. Data on the effects of vitamin D status on thyroid function in children are less examined. The goal of the present study was to explore the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and thyroid function parameters in early childhood. Patients and Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving record-linkage of children’s data of routine health check-ups for promoting early childhood development at Guangdong Women and Children’s Hospital; 2869 children aged 6–24 months were included from January 2015 to May 2017. Serum 25(OH)D, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were measured using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results The study population had a mean serum 25(OH)D level of 79.7 ± 28.1 nmol/L and 12.5% vitamin D deficiency and 36.0% insufficiency rates. The rates of thyroid dysfunctions detected were 2.9% hypothyroidism, 4.2% subclinical hypothyroidism, 0.9% hyperthyroidism, and 1.7% subclinical hyperthyroidism among the previously healthy children aged 6 to 24 months. Serum 25(OH)D levels had no significant correlation with TSH (r = 0.022, P = 0.236), FT3 (r = 0.014, P = 0.440) and FT4 (r = −0.059, P = 0.056) levels. No significant difference in the levels of thyroid hormones was found between the different quartiles of 25(OH)D level. Vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L] was associated with hypothyroidism (adjusted odds ratio = 2.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.18–3.94) but not with subclinical hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is slightly associated with hypothyroidism. No associations were found between serum 25(OH)D levels and thyroid-related measures (TSH, FT3, and FT4) in previously healthy children aged 6–24 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- Department of Children’s Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Wu
- Department of Children’s Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hong Deng
- Department of Children’s Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-Ling Wu
- Department of Children’s Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511400, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jie-Ling Wu Department of Children’s Health Care, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou511400, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 2039151521 Email
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Lenhart JG, Vu PT, Quackenbush K, LaPorte A, Smith J. The efficacy of a compounded micronutrient supplement on the incidence, duration, and severity of the common cold: A pilot randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237491. [PMID: 32841256 PMCID: PMC7447041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Viral upper respiratory infections are associated with significant health and economic impact. This study sought to determine the efficacy of routine immune system micronutrient supplementation on the incidence, duration and severity of common cold symptoms. Methods This pilot study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of N = 259 with asymptomatic participants aged 18 to 65 in two cold seasons of 2016 and 2017. The treatment group received an immune system targeted micronutrient caplet, while the placebo group received a micronized cellulose caplet externally identical to the treatment caplet. Weekly surveys were sent electronically to participants to document common cold incidence, duration and severity. Primary statistical results were obtained using mixed-effects logistic regressions to account for longitudinal measurements for participants. Results The odds of acquiring an upper respiratory infection, adjusted for potential confounders, was estimated to be 0.74 times lower in the treatment group (p = 0.14). The odds of reporting specific symptoms were statistically lower in the treatment arm compared to the placebo arm for runny nose (OR = 0.53, p = 0.01) and cough (OR = 0.51, p = 0.04). Shorter durations of runny nose and cough were also observed in the treatment arm compared to placebo (both p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in severity of symptoms in either group. The observed proportion of reported cold symptoms in the treatment group was lower compared to the placebo group between late January and February in two consecutive cold seasons. Given the physical, workplace and economic impact of upper respiratory infections, this low cost and low risk intervention should be further studied with more robust investigation and meticulous experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G. Lenhart
- Community Health Care Family Medicine Residency, Tacoma, Washington in affiliation with the Family Medicine Residency Network, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Phuong T. Vu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kale Quackenbush
- Community Health Care Family Medicine Residency, Tacoma, Washington in affiliation with the Family Medicine Residency Network, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Anne LaPorte
- Community Health Care Family Medicine Residency, Tacoma, Washington in affiliation with the Family Medicine Residency Network, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeff Smith
- Community Health Care Family Medicine Residency, Tacoma, Washington in affiliation with the Family Medicine Residency Network, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Frias-Toral E, Laudisio D, Pugliese G, Castellucci B, Garcia-Velasquez E, Savastano S, Colao A. Nutrition and immune system: from the Mediterranean diet to dietary supplementary through the microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3066-3090. [PMID: 32691606 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1792826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between nutrition and the immune system is very complex. In particular, at every stage of the immune response, specific micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals play a key role and often synergistic, and the deficiency of only one essential nutrient may impair immunity. An individual's overall nutrition status and pattern of dietary intake (comprised of nutrients and non-nutritive bioactive compounds and food) and any supplementation with nutraceuticals including vitamins and minerals, can influence positively or negatively the function of the immune system. This influence can occur at various levels from the innate immune system and adaptive immune system to the microbiome. Although there are conflicting evidence, the current results point out that dietary supplementation with some nutrients such as vitamin D and zinc may modulate immune function. An update on the complex relationship between nutrition, diet, and the immune system through gut microbiota is the aim of this current review. Indeed, we will provide the overview of the link among immune function, nutrition and gut microbiota, paying particular attention at the effect of the Mediterranean diet on the immune system, and finally we will speculate the possible role of the main one functional supplements on immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Laudisio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Castellucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile," University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Santos HO, Howell S, Nichols K, Teixeira FJ. Reviewing the Evidence on Vitamin D Supplementation in the Management of Testosterone Status and Its Effects on Male Reproductive System (Testis and Prostate): Mechanistically Dazzling but Clinically Disappointing. Clin Ther 2020; 42:e101-e114. [PMID: 32446600 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D supplementation has been suggested to increase testosterone levels. The primary purpose of this literature review was to critically assess the physiologic effects of vitamin D supplementation on serum testosterone concentrations in men and the secondary purpose was to evaluate the feasibility of vitamin D status toward urologic health (testis and prostate). METHODS A structured literature review was performed using the Cochrane, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases. The literature search encompassed studies published between 2011 and 2019. FINDINGS Observational studies suggest an association between higher testosterone and serum vitamin D concentrations. Conversely, most randomized clinical trials that investigated the effect of vitamin D administration on testosterone levels have failed to detect any significant effect. Physiologically, vitamin D is engaging in spermatogenesis, but it remains unclear whether vitamin D is a determinant of fertility. With prostate support, the management of vitamin D status has been associated with a decreased prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia and symptoms (ie, lower urinary tract symptoms). However, with prostate cancer, there is a paucity of evidence pertaining to vitamin D supplementation. IMPLICATIONS Mechanistically, vitamin D exhibits essential roles in the testis and prostate; otherwise, there is no apparent evidence to support the use of vitamin D supplementation to increase testosterone levels and to improve clinical outcomes related to the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Scott Howell
- Center for Research, Tier 1 Health and Wellness, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Keith Nichols
- Center for Research, Tier 1 Health and Wellness, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | - Filipe J Teixeira
- Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
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Mohamed AA, Hussein MS, Salah EM, Eldemery A, Darwish MM, Ghaith DM, Attala RA, El Borolossy R. Efficacy and safety of active vitamin D supplementation in chronic spontaneous urticaria patients. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:427-432. [PMID: 32345077 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1762838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common skin disorder affecting negatively patients' lives. Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to be associated to many allergic skin disorders.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the serum level of 25 hydroxy vitamin D and CSU and to assess the efficacy and safety of active vitamin D in management of CSU.Methods: The study was conducted on 77 patients with CSU and 67 healthy controls, then the 77 CSU patients were randomized to either the study group that received 0.25 µg alfacalcidol daily or the placebo group that received oral placebo for 12 weeks.Results: Serum 25(OH) D was significantly lower in CSU as compared to healthy controls and was negatively correlated to the urticarial severity. After alfacalcidol administration, the study group showed significant higher level of 25(OH) D compared to the placebo group. In addition, the mean serum level of IL6, hsCRP and TNFα significantly decreased in the study group in comparison to the placebo group and as compared to their baseline results.Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is more common in CSU patients as compared to healthy people and hence, alfacalcidol might have a beneficial role as add on therapy in CSU management with no reported side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ahmed Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha S Hussein
- Department of Dermatology and Andrology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohamed Salah
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology, Sexual Medicine and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Eldemery
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine October 6 University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa M Ghaith
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Attala
- Department of Dermatology, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Radwa El Borolossy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yang F, Sun M, Sun C, Li J, Yang X, Bi C, Wang M, Pu L, Wang J, Wang C, Xie M, Yao Y, Jin L. Associations of C-reactive Protein with 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 24 Specific Diseases: A Cross-sectional Study from NHANES. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5883. [PMID: 32246038 PMCID: PMC7125216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most diseases might be associated with acute or chronic inflammation, and the role of vitamin D in diseases has been extensively explored in recent years. Thus, we examined the associations of one of the best markers for inflammation ― C-reactive protein (CRP) with 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in 24 specific diseases. We performed cross-sectional analyses among 9,809 subjects aged ≥18 years who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2007~2010. The generalized additive model (GAM) was used to explore the associations of CRP with 25(OH)D in different diseases, adjusted for the age, gender, examination period and race. Distributions of CRP were significantly different (P < 0.05) in gender, examination period and race, and distributions of 25(OH)D were different (P < 0.05) in the examination period and race. Generally, CRP was negatively associated with 25(OH)D for majority diseases. 25(OH)D was negatively associated with CRP generally, and the associations were disease-specific and disease category-specific. In respiratory, gastrointestinal and mental diseases, the associations tended to be approximately linear. While in metabolic diseases, the associations were nonlinear, and the slope of the nonlinear curve decreased with 25(OH)D, especially when 25(OH)D < 30 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Health Management Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Mengzi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Chong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jiagen Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xiuning Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Chunli Bi
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Liyuan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jianmeng Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Meizhen Xie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Lina Jin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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Gill BD, Abernethy GA, Indyk HE, Wood JE, Woollard DC. Differential Thermal Isomerization: Its Role in the Analysis of Vitamin D3 in Foods. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:563-569. [DOI: 10.1093/jaocint/qsz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
For nutritional purposes, the measurement of vitamin D3 (defined as the sum of vitamin D3 and previtamin D3) is required to obtain an accurate and reliable estimate of its content in foods. An often neglected aspect in the development of methods for the analysis of vitamin D3 is accounting for any potential analytical bias in the results associated with differential thermal isomerization between previtamin D and vitamin D.
Conclusions
For LC-UV methods using a vitamin D2 internal standard, cold saponification, or direct lipid extraction techniques should be avoided, unless chromatographic separation of vitamin D2, vitamin D3, and their previtamin forms is achieved so that UV absorbance corrections can be made. For both LC-UV and LC-MS methods using calciferol internal standards, the simplest solution to avoid analytical bias due to the presence of previtamin D is to utilize heating conditions (typically during saponification) such that previtamin D and vitamin D in the sample and the internal standard reach an equivalent equilibrium state prior to instrumental analysis. Only under such circumstances is the integration of previtamin D unnecessary to obtain accurate results for vitamin D3.
Highlights
A detailed discussion of the quantitation of vitamin D3 in food with concise recommendations for avoiding measurement bias as a consequence of differential thermal isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon D Gill
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, P.O. Box 7, Waitoa 3380, New Zealand
| | - Grant A Abernethy
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, Dairy Farm Rd, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Harvey E Indyk
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, P.O. Box 7, Waitoa 3380, New Zealand
| | - Jackie E Wood
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, P.O. Box 7, Waitoa 3380, New Zealand
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Berardi S, Giardullo L, Corrado A, Cantatore FP. Vitamin D and connective tissue diseases. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:453-462. [PMID: 32172354 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Recently, many studies have shown that the biologically active form of vitamin D-1,25(OH)2 D-is involved in many biological processes, including immune system modulation, and patients affected by various autoimmune diseases, such as connective tissue diseases (CTD), showed low levels of vitamin D. It is not clear if vitamin D deficiency is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases or it is a consequence. MATERIAL We carried out a review of literature to summarize the existing connections between 25-OH vitamin D and CTD. METHODS We searched for articles on PubMed by keywords: vitamin D, connective tissue diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, undifferentiated connective tissue disease. RESULTS The relationship between vitamin D and CTD is still not very clear, despite many studies having been performed and some data suggest a connection between these diseases and 25-OH vitamin D levels. CONCLUSIONS The limitations of the study, such as the heterogeneity of patients, methods used to measure vitamin D serum concentration and other biases, do not lead to unequivocal results to demonstrate a direct link between low vitamin D serum levels and autoimmune diseases. Further studies are needed to resolve conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Berardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, Ospedali Riuniti Foggia, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71121, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Liberato Giardullo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, Ospedali Riuniti Foggia, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| | - Addolorata Corrado
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, Ospedali Riuniti Foggia, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71121, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cantatore
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, Ospedali Riuniti Foggia, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71121, Foggia, Italy
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Measuring Vitamin D Status in Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: How does Chronic Inflammation Affect the Reliability of Vitamin D Metabolites in Patients with IBD? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020547. [PMID: 32079317 PMCID: PMC7074478 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence gained from recent studies has generated increasing interest in the role of vitamin D in extraskeletal functions such as inflammation and immunoregulation. Although vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), evidence as to whether vitamin D supplementation may cure or prevent chronic disease is inconsistent. Since 25OH-vitamin D (25OHD) has been suggested to be an acute-phase protein, its utility as a vitamin D status marker is therefore questionable. In this study, possible interactions of vitamin D and inflammation were studied in 188 patients with IBD, with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels ≥ 5 mg/dL and/or fecal calprotectin ≥ 250 µg/g defined as biochemical evidence of inflammatory activity. Levels of 25OHD and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) were determined by ELISA, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25OHD) and dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25OHD) by LC-MS/MS. Free and bioavailable vitamin D levels were calculated with the validated formula of Bikle. Serum 1,25OH2D and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) levels were shown to differ between the inflammatory and noninflammatory groups: patients with inflammatory disease activity had significantly higher serum concentrations of 1,25OH2D (35.0 (16.4-67.3) vs. 18.5 (1.2-51.0) pg/mL, p < 0.001) and VDBP (351.2 (252.2-530.6) vs. 330.8 (183.5-560.3) mg/dL, p < 0.05) than patients without active inflammation. Serum 24,25OH2D levels were negatively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (-0.155, p = 0.049) while concentrations of serum 1,25OH2D correlated positively with hsCRP (0.157, p = 0.036). Correlations with serum VDBP levels were found for ESR (0.150, p = 0.049), transferrin (0.160, p = 0.037) and hsCRP (0.261, p < 0.001). Levels of serum free and bioavailable 25OHD showed a negative correlation with ESR (-0.165, p = 0.031, -0.205, p < 0.001, respectively) and hsCRP (-0.164, p = 0.032, -0.208, p < 0.001 respectively), and a moderate negative correlation with fecal calprotectin (-0.377, p = 0.028, -0.409, p < 0.016, respectively). Serum total 25OHD concentration was the only vitamin D parameter found to have no specific correlation with any of the inflammatory markers. According to these results, the traditional parameter, total 25OHD, still appears to be the best marker of vitamin D status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease regardless of the presence of inflammation.
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Pulvirenti G, Parisi GF, Manti S, Licari A, del Giudice MM, Salpietro C, Marseglia GL, Leonardi S. The Immunomodulatory Role of Vitamin D in Respiratory Diseases. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x15666191114144230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
:
The growing interest in the new role of vitamin D, particularly as an immunomodulatory
factor, has spurred basic research and the development of clinical trials to better understand the
influence of supplementation on various diseases. Vitamin D is an important nutrient factor in human
health due to its role in calcium metabolism regulation, cellular growth, differentiation and its
fundamental discovered activity in immune functions. It has influenced different diseases,
particularly inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, through immune response regulation,
modulating innate and adaptive immunity.
:
The aim of this review was to explore the role of vitamin D in the main respiratory diseases in
children such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, cystic fibrosis and recurrent respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Pulvirenti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fabio Parisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sara Manti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Borba VV, Zandman-Goddard G, Shoenfeld Y. Exacerbations of autoimmune diseases during pregnancy and postpartum. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 33:101321. [PMID: 31564626 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases represent a complex heterogeneous group of disorders that occur as a results of immune homeostasis dysregulation and loss of self-tolerance. Interestingly, more than 80% of the cases are found among women at reproductive age. Normal pregnancy is associated with remarkable changes in the immune and endocrine signaling required to tolerate and support the development and survival of the placenta and the semi-allogenic fetus in the hostile maternal immune system environment. Gravidity and postpartum represent an extremely challenge period, and likewise the general population, women suffering from autoimmune disorders attempt pregnancy. Effective preconception counseling and subsequent gestation and postpartum follow-up are crucial for improving mother and child outcomes. This comprehensive review provides information about the different pathways modulating autoimmune diseases activity and severity, such as the influence hormones, microbiome, infections, vaccines, among others, as well as updated recommendations were needed, in order to offer those women better medical care and life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Vieira Borba
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Gisele Zandman-Goddard
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Department of Medicine C, Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Russia.
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Cyprian F, Lefkou E, Varoudi K, Girardi G. Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Pregnancy and Beyond. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2739. [PMID: 31824513 PMCID: PMC6883724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its role in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, a modulatory role of the active form of vitamin D on cells of the immune system, particularly T lymphocytes, has been described. The effects of vitamin D on the production and action of several cytokines has been intensively investigated in recent years. In this connection, deficiency of vitamin D has been associated with several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), Hashimoto Thyroiditis (HT), and multiple sclerosis (MS). In a successful pregnancy, the maternal immune response needs to adapt to accommodate the semiallogeneic fetus. Disturbances in maternal tolerance are implicated in infertility and pregnancy complications such as miscarriages (RM) and preeclampsia (PE). It is well-known that a subset of T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (Tregs) exhibit potent suppressive activity, and have a crucial role in curtailing the destructive response of the immune system during pregnancy, and preventing autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, vitamin D deficiency is common in pregnant women, despite the widespread use of prenatal vitamins, and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as RM, PE, intrauterine growth restriction have been linked to hypovitaminosis D during pregnancy. Research has shown that autoimmune diseases have a significant prevalence within the female population, and women with autoimmune disorders are at higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Provocatively, dysregulation of T cells plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, and adverse pregnancy outcomes where these pathologies are also associated with vitamin D deficiency. This article reviews the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases and pregnancy. In particular, we will describe the role of vitamin D from conception until delivery, including the health of the offspring. This review highlights an observational study where hypovitaminosis D was correlated with decreased fertility, increased disease activity, placental insufficiency, and preeclampsia in women with APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Cyprian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eleftheria Lefkou
- Institute of Obstetric Hematology, Perigenesis, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Varoudi
- Institute of Obstetric Hematology, Perigenesis, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Guillermina Girardi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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50
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Vitamin D Supplementation and T Cell Regulation in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 69:607-610. [PMID: 31335838 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2 different doses of vitamin D on the expression of T regulatory cells (Treg) in premature infants. A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on preterm infants born with gestational age between 28 and 33 weeks. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 400 or 800 IU/day of vitamin D3 when they achieved 100 mL/kg of enteral feeds. Percentage increase in Treg cell counts were measured by flow cytometry at enrollment, and after 1 and 4 weeks of oral vitamin D supplementation at the allotted doses in both groups. Short-term morbidity and mortality outcomes were also assessed. A total of 40 infants were enrolled, 20 in each group. The change in Treg count (%) was significantly less in the low-dose vitamin D3 supplementation group after 1 week (1.9 ± 5.5 vs 60 ± 5.6, P = 0.0005) and after 4 weeks (1.8 ± 5.7 vs 73.7 ± 5.6, P = 0.0028). The 2 groups did not differ in anthropometric measurements, duration of oxygen and respiratory support, and mortality. Length of hospital stay was longer in the low-dose group (24.9 ± 5.14 vs 22 ± 3.49, P = 0.04). Oral vitamin D supplementation has a dose and time dependent effect on percentage of Treg in infants born prematurely. The 800 IU dose of vitamin D3 did not have apparent short-term side effects. Larger studies are needed to explore the effect of vitamin D3 dosing on length of hospital stay.
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