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Porto EBS, Montero-Marin J, Quadros LG, Kristeller J, Sarubbi Junior V, Mattar LA, Garcia-Campayo J, Demarzo M. Mindfulness and compassion-based programs on eating behavior of post-bariatric surgery patients: A two phased clinical trial protocol. MethodsX 2024; 13:102885. [PMID: 39253004 PMCID: PMC11382006 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Weight regain after bariatric surgery remains a relevant and worrisome topic, requiring greater understanding and involvement in research into new adjuvant treatments. This study aims to compare the preliminary effectiveness and feasibility of the Mindfulness-Based Health Promotion and Attachment-Based Compassion Therapy programs as opposed to usual treatments (workshops) on the eating behavior of patients with progressive weight gain after bariatric surgery in Brazilian patients at a private clinic. It was hypothesized that both interventions are feasible and that the self-compassion program may be more effective than the mindfulness program. METHODS The study will be divided into two phases: a cross-analytical study of those who underwent bariatric surgery and a randomized controlled trial only with the ones who had weight regain. Interventions will be conducted for eight weeks synchronously with three assessment points (baseline, post intervention, and 6-month follow-up), both online. The primary outcome will be a change in eating behavior. Secondary outcomes will include improved quality of life, enhanced body image satisfaction and reduced distortion (Brazilian Silhouette Scales for adults), better weight management (maintenance or weight reduction), increased frequency of activity and monitoring with the surgery team. Qualitative data will also be collected by online identification of a sub-sample of participants. RESULTS Improvements are expected in eating behavior, weight, reverse progressive weight gain, classification of self-image, quality of life, and levels of mindfulness, self-compassion, and anxiety. CONCLUSION This study seeks to gather preliminary evidence on the effectiveness of mindfulness and compassion training for the adjunctive treatment of progressive weight gain in post-bariatric patients. Clinical Trials.gov Registration ID: NCT04171713.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Blamires S Porto
- Mente Aberta - Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion. Department of Preventive Medicine at Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, Zip code: 04023-062. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jesus Montero-Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37JX, UK
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luiz Gustavo Quadros
- Kaiser Day Hospital, Rua Quinze de Novembro, 3975, Zip code: 15015-110, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean Kristeller
- Department of Psychology, Indiana State University, 200 N 7th St, Terre Haute, IN, 47809, USA
| | - Vicente Sarubbi Junior
- Department of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Dom Antonio Barbosa (MS-080), 4.155, Zip Code: 79115-898, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Mattar
- LEV Clinic, Avenida Vasconcelos Costa, Bairro, 967 - 10° andar - Osvaldo Rezende, Zip code: 38400-450, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Javier Garcia-Campayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Miguel Servet Hospital, Aragon Institute of Health Sciences, Calle Gonzalo Calamita, 50009, Zaragoza, Zamora, Spain
| | - Marcelo Demarzo
- Mente Aberta - Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion. Department of Preventive Medicine at Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, Zip code: 04023-062. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Björkman S, Höskuldsdóttir G, Mossberg K, Laurenius A, Engström M, Fändriks L, Eliasson B, Wallengren O, Larsson I. Impact of eating behavior on 24-month weight change after treatment of severe obesity-A clinical prospective cohort study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024. [PMID: 39370375 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of self-reported baseline eating behaviors on 24-month weight change in adults with severe obesity. METHODS A prospective, nonrandomized clinical cohort study on surgical and medical obesity treatment included 971 adults (75% women) with a mean BMI of 42.0 (SD 4.9) kg/m2. To assess baseline eating behaviors and binge eating disorder, the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire were used. RESULTS In analyses adjusted for treatment, age, sex, baseline weight, and BMI, those with nocturnal eating lost less weight (3.5 kg [95% CI: 0.02-6.9]; p < 0.05) at 24 months compared to those without nocturnal eating. Binge eating disorder was not significantly associated with weight loss over 24 months. Emotional eating was associated with less weight loss at 12 months: 1.16 kg per z score (95% CI: 0.37-1.95; p < 0.05). Compared with completers, dropout from medical obesity treatment was associated with emotional and uncontrolled eating at baseline (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The association between pretreatment eating behaviors and weight change was found to be generalizable and not restricted to any specific treatment. Certain eating behaviors may affect weight loss as well as attrition. Identifying eating behaviors that may impair treatment efficacy are suggested in the treatment of severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Björkman
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gudrún Höskuldsdóttir
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Mossberg
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Laurenius
- Department of Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - My Engström
- Department of Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Fändriks
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Eliasson
- Department of Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Wallengren
- Department of Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Larsson
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Stariolo JB, Lemos TC, Khandpur N, Pereira MG, de Oliveira L, Mocaiber I, Ramos TC, David IA. Addiction to ultra-processed foods as a mediator between psychological stress and emotional eating during the COVID-19 pandemic. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2024; 37:39. [PMID: 39292384 PMCID: PMC11410752 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic induced psychological distress, which is linked to emotional eating and symptoms of addiction to ultra-processed foods (UPFs). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether symptoms of addiction to UPFs mediate the relationship between psychological stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic and emotional eating behaviour. METHODS A cross-sectional online study was conducted from May to November 2021 among 368 undergraduate Brazilian students. The participants answered demographic questions and completed validated scales, including the Coronavirus Stress Measure, Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 and Emotional Eating Questionnaire. Mediation analysis was employed to examine the hypothesised relationships. RESULTS The results revealed a significant indirect effect, indicating that symptoms of food addiction mediated the association between perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and emotional eating behaviour. Specifically, 61% of the influence of perceived stress on emotional eating during the pandemic was explained by symptoms of UPF addiction. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that addressing symptoms of UPF addiction could be pivotal in public health strategies aimed at promoting healthy eating habits among distressed undergraduate students in the post-COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin B Stariolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Thayane C Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Neha Khandpur
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mirtes G Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Leticia de Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Izabela Mocaiber
- Laboratory of Cognitive Psychophysiology, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Humanities and Health, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio das Ostras, Brazil
| | - Taiane C Ramos
- Department of Computer Science, Computer Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Isabel A David
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
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Carmassi C, Musetti L, Cambiali E, Violi M, Simoncini M, Fantasia S, Massoni L, Massimetti G, Nannipieri M, Dell'Osso L. Exploring the relationship between problematic eating behaviors and bipolar disorder: A study on candidates for bariatric surgery. J Affect Disord 2024; 368:564-572. [PMID: 39293606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major concern in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and problematic eating behaviors have been suggested to mediate their relationship. The association between problematic eating behaviors and obesity has been studied but limited data have explored the role of BD. We investigated problematic eating behaviors among patients with BD compared with candidates for bariatric surgery (BS), with or without BD, and explored the possible correlations between mood spectrum, impulsivity, body mass index (BMI). METHODS 50 euthymic patients with BD and 200 subjects eligible for BS, 48 with BD (BS + BD) and 152 without BD (BS-BD), were recruited at the Psychiatric Clinic of University of Pisa. Assessments included: Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-5), Emotional Eating Scale (EES), Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2), Eating Disorder Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Night Eating Scale (NES), Grazing Questionnaire (GQ), Mood Spectrum Self-Report (MOOD-SR), Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS). RESULTS BS + BD reported significantly higher EDI-2 and EDE-Q scores than the other groups. BD and BS + BD showed significantly higher BIS-11 scores than BS-BD. Among BS, EES and YFAS were associated with mood spectrum symptoms. LIMITATIONS Small BD sample size, BS may have underreported psychiatric symptoms to get approved for surgery, the interview didn't inquire about BS receiving GLP-1 agonists therapy. CONCLUSIONS Results showed a high prevalence of problematic eating behaviors among patients with BD and severely obese. Problematic eating behaviors may aggravate BD symptoms. Mood spectrum symptoms in obese subjects need to be carefully researched in as relate to severity and post-surgical course of BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Musetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Erika Cambiali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Miriam Violi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marly Simoncini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Fantasia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Massoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Massimetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Nannipieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liliana Dell'Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Summers E, Limbers CA. Evaluating Emotional Eating in Children from the Perspective of Parents: Psychometric Properties of the Parent Version of the Emotional Eating Scale Adapted for Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2024; 16:3030. [PMID: 39275345 PMCID: PMC11397218 DOI: 10.3390/nu16173030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating is associated with adverse health outcomes in children, including elevated weight status. Currently, there is not a well-validated parent-report measure of emotional eating for young children. This study assessed the reliability and validity of the 10-item parent version of the Emotional Eating Scale Adapted for Children and Adolescents (EES-C) Short-Form. METHODS The participants were 207 parents and 144 children from the southern United States. They completed the parent- and child-report EES-C Short-Form and responded to measures related to child eating behaviors, mood, and gratitude. RESULTS The parent-report EES-C Short-Form demonstrated good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.94). Test-retest reliability was also supported, as evidenced by a medium correlation (ICC = 0.56, p < 0.001) between parent-rated emotional eating across two time points. Additionally, the measure demonstrated a significant correlation with a scale of emotional overeating (r = 0.25, p < 0.001)-a theoretically related construct. Supporting discriminant validity, the measure was not significantly related to a measure of parent-reported gratitude (r = 0.07, p = 0.30). A unidimensional model provided good fit for the data (CFI = 0.997, SRMR = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS The results from the current study provide preliminary evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the parent version of the EES-C Short-Form. For the purpose of screening children in school or primary care settings, the EES-C Short-Form may be practical and helpful in identifying children who may be at risk of developing adverse health outcomes or more-severe eating disorder pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Summers
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Christine A Limbers
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
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Bao J, Lei T, Zhu C, Zang Y. Unraveling the complexity and instability of negative emotional eating: A latent transition analysis. Appetite 2024; 203:107657. [PMID: 39233234 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The manifestations of emotional eating are complicated, encompassing both over- and under-eating. However, little is understood about how emotional over- and under-eating constitute individuals' eating patterns and how these patterns change over time. Employing latent transition analysis, a longitudinal and person-centered approach, this study examined the patterns and stability of emotional eating. Over six months, 755 participants completed two waves of self-reported questionnaires. Results revealed four distinct latent profiles: Low Emotional Eaters (11.5-15.8%), Emotional Eating-Undereaters (31.1-40.5%), Emotional Eating-Overeaters (15.9-18.3%), and Combined-Emotional Eaters (29.7-37.2%). Approximately 50% of participants in each profile maintained their behavioral patterns over time, with transitions often shifting towards Combined-Emotional Eaters. Individuals in the profile of Emotional Eating-Overeaters exhibited the highest level of anxiety, depression, stress, and disordered eating. Gender, self-esteem level, and self-esteem instability were associated with profile membership and transition probabilities. These findings highlight the presence of distinct and relatively unstable patterns of negative emotional eating, indicating the potential distinction between trait and state emotional eating. Recognizing these inherent characteristics is crucial for future studies and intervention programs addressing negative emotional eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Bao
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ting Lei
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chun Zhu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yinyin Zang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Annesi JJ, Powell SM. Temporal Aspects of Psychosocial Mediators of the Exercise-Weight Loss Maintenance Relationship Within Scalable Behavior-Change Treatments. Can J Nurs Res 2024; 56:329-341. [PMID: 38738268 DOI: 10.1177/08445621241253876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY BACKGROUND Limited knowledge of psychological correlates of weight loss is associated with continuing failures of behavioral obesity treatments beyond the short term. PURPOSE This study aimed to inform health professionals' obesity interventions via an increased knowledge of mediators of the exercise-weight loss maintenance relationship. METHODS Women participated in 6-month obesity treatments within community settings emphasizing moderate exercise and self-regulation skills development via primarily in-person (n = 54) or primarily written (n = 54) means. Changes in mood, self-regulating eating, and weight over 6, 12, and 24 months were assessed. A moderated mediation model was tested using the PROCESS macro instruction. RESULTS Improvements in mood, self-regulating eating, and weight were significantly greater in the in-person group. The relationship between a dichotomous measure of completing at least 3 sessions of exercise per week (or not) and change in weight over 6 months was no longer significant when the mediators of changes in negative mood and self-regulation of eating were sequentially entered. Paths of exercise→negative mood reduction→eating self-regulation increase→weight loss over 6, 12 and 24 months were significant. Exercise self-regulation at Month 3 significantly moderated the mood change→eating self-regulation change relationship. CONCLUSIONS Based on the identified paths, scalable obesity-treatment content and emphases were informed. This could help guide health professionals' actions concerning the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Annesi
- California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA
- Mind Body Wellbeing, LLC, Manahawkin, NJ, USA
| | - Sara M Powell
- California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA
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Wozniak JD, Huang H. Emotional Eating in Primary Care: Considerations for Assessment and Management. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2024; 32:166-172. [PMID: 39194425 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After participating in this CME activity, the psychiatrist should be better able to:• Describe how to identify and address emotional eating in the primary care setting. ABSTRACT Emotional eating (i.e., eating in response to negative emotional states and stress) is a highly prevalent concern within primary care settings. It is associated with myriad health issues such as the experience of overweight or obesity, increased difficulty losing weight and sustaining weight loss, various eating disorders, diabetes, and heart disease. Given the effects of emotional eating on patient health goals regarding weight loss or management, it is imperative to incorporate interventions that address emotional underpinnings alongside traditional, behaviorally based weight-loss treatment. Ensuring that primary care providers, who represent pivotal frontline touch points for patients interested in weight-related treatment, can identify emotional eating is an important first step in supporting these patients' goals. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide background information and practical guidance for addressing emotional eating in the primary care setting. We summarize theorized biological and psychological mechanisms that underlie emotional eating, and review traditional (i.e., psychological) interventions, with special consideration for adapting available treatments for use in primary care contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana DeSimone Wozniak
- From Harvard Medical School (Drs. Wozniak and Huang); Cambridge Health Alliance, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, MA (Drs. Wozniak and Huang)
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Ebrahimi E, Mardani-Hamooleh M, Khezeli M, Avatef-Fazeli M, Habibi-Asgarabad M. Traces of social culture in the lived experiences of emotional eating among Iranian obese women. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1982. [PMID: 39049020 PMCID: PMC11270950 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotional eating is a situation with harmful consequences for the physical, mental and social health of humans. In this regard, the present study aimed to explain the role of social culture in the lived experiences of emotional eating in Iranian obese women. METHODS This was a qualitative study conducted using the phenomenological approach. Purposive heterogeneous sampling method was used to select 17 women with body mass index of 30 and above who had emotional eating experience. Data were collected through semi-structured and face-to-face interviews. A guideline designed by the research team, whose content validity was confirmed by the expert panel, was used to conduct the interviews. Data were analyzed based on Diekelmann 7-step approach, and trustworthiness was evaluated by Lincoln and Guba criteria. RESULTS The main topic of the findings was social culture and emotional eating, which was explained by three themes: "influence of social culture", "language culture of eating" and "the culture of eating together". Influence of social culture had three sub-themes: "a legal and popular entertainment", "hospitality culture: encouraging guests to overeat", and "coping with the social stigma of thinness and obesity". The language culture of eating had two sub-themes of "association of common infinitives" and "the symbol of swallowing anger ". Also, "culture of eating together" included 2 sub-topics with the titles "pleasant symbol of belonging and love" and "the symbol of family cohesion". CONCLUSION This study found that social culture through language, norms, and customs can initiate and/or reinforce emotional eating. The results of this study can be used in the design of interventions to improve emotional eating behavior in women by emphasizing the characteristics of Iranian social culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehteram Ebrahimi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marjan Mardani-Hamooleh
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khezeli
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Manouchehr Avatef-Fazeli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Habibi-Asgarabad
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Dragvoll, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
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Barnhart WR, Kalantzis M, Gaggiano C, Braden AL. The relation between questionnaire-measured self-reported emotional eating and disordered eating behaviors: A meta-analysis of nearly three decades of research. Appetite 2024; 198:107343. [PMID: 38604382 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research exists on the association between self-reported emotional eating (EE) and disordered eating (DE) behaviors. Heterogeneity exists by type (e.g., unidimensional vs. multidimensional) and valence (e.g., negative vs. positive) of self-reported EE, and no previous meta-analyses have examined the association between self-reported EE and DE behaviors. A total of 67 studies (N = 26,289; 43 reporting relations in one model, and 24 reporting relations in more than one model) met inclusion criteria; ranges for age and publication date were 18.0-61.8 years old and 1995 to 2022. Five models quantified relations between DE behaviors and 1) broad negative EE, 2) EE in response to depression, 3) EE in response to anger and anxiety, 4) EE in response to boredom, and 5) EE in response to positive emotions. Using random-effects models, pooled Cohen's d effect sizes suggested small, positive relations between DE behaviors and self-reported broad negative EE (d = 0.40, p < 0.001), EE-depression (d = 0.41, p < 0.001), EE-anger/anxiety (d = 0.35, p < 0.001), and EE-boredom (d = 0.38, p < 0.001). A significant, but very small, positive relation was observed between DE behaviors and self-reported EE-positive (d = 0.08, p = 0.01). Subgroup analyses suggested a medium, positive relation between self-reported broad negative EE and binge eating (d = 0.53, p < 0.001) and a small, positive relation between self-reported broad negative EE and dietary restraint (d = 0.20, p < 0.001). Significant heterogeneity was identified across all models except for the EE-boredom and DE behaviors model. Higher BMI, but not age, clinical status, or type of DE behavior strengthened the positive relation between self-reported broad negative EE and DE behaviors. Findings support previous research suggesting that negative and positive EE are distinct constructs, with negatively valenced EE being more closely associated with DE behaviors, especially binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R Barnhart
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
| | - Maria Kalantzis
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Christina Gaggiano
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Abby L Braden
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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Serban DM, Ursoniu S, Moleriu RD, Banu AM, Serban CL. Mindful Eating, Nutrition Knowledge, and Weight Status among Medical Students: Implications for Health and Counseling Practices. Nutrients 2024; 16:1894. [PMID: 38931249 PMCID: PMC11206797 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Academic stress and transitioning to young adulthood can lead medical students to develop inadequate eating habits, affecting both their physical and mental well-being and potentially compromising their ability to offer effective preventive counseling to future patients. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the levels of mindful eating and nutrition knowledge in Romanian medical students and their associations with various sociodemographic variables. Additionally, we explore the relationship between mindful eating and nutrition knowledge while accounting for sociodemographic factors and examine the impact of these factors on excess weight. Significant predictors of excess weight include high weight gain in the past year (OR = 15.8), the mindful eating questionnaire (MEQ) score (OR = 0.131), male gender (OR = 2.5), and being in the clinical years of medical school (OR = 2.2). While nutrition knowledge levels do not directly impact weight status, they share a 4% common variance with mindfulness in multivariate analysis. Notably, high weight gain is independent of the levels of mindful eating, but univariate testing links it to disinhibition and emotional response, components of mindfulness. Mindful eating stands out as independently associated with both nutrition knowledge and excess weight among medical students. Thus, interventions to address obesity should consider incorporating mindfulness training to enhance food intake awareness and improve weight management outcomes in Romanian medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mihai Serban
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Discipline of Obstetrics-Gynecology II, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Sorin Ursoniu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Public Health, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.U.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Radu Dumitru Moleriu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ancuta Mioara Banu
- Department 2, Discipline of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Costela Lacrimioara Serban
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Public Health, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (S.U.); (C.L.S.)
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12
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Annesi JJ, Stewart FA. Behavioral and Psychosocial Mediators of the Effects of Increased Self-Regulation on Short- and Long-Term Weight Loss in Women Within Community-Based Obesity Treatments. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241255037. [PMID: 38800989 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241255037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate behavioral mediators of relationships between increased self-regulation of eating and weight loss so that findings on psychosocial correlates of treatment-associated weight change could be extended. Participants were women enrolled in 6-month community-based obesity treatments using primarily self-regulatory (SR-treatment, n = 52) or education-focused (Didactic training, n = 54) methods. Changes from baseline in self-regulation of eating, self-efficacy for controlled eating, emotional eating propensity, exercise, and the diet were first calculated. There were significant overall improvements in each psychosocial and behavioral measure, and weight. Except for emotional eating change from baseline-Month 12, improvements were each significantly greater in the SR-treatment group. Mediation of the relationships of change in self-regulation with 6-, 12-, and 24-month weight changes, by changes in self-efficacy and emotional eating, were significant, R2s = .19-.26, ps < .001. Only changes in emotional eating over 6 and 12 months were significant mediators. Mediations of the same self-regulation-weight change relationships by changes in exercise and the diet were also significant, R2s = .19-.28, ps < .001, and only changes in exercise over 12 and 24 months were significant mediators. Although group membership did not moderate effects on weight, substitution of sweets for the (composite) diet demonstrated it to be a significant mediator over 6 and 12 months. In women with obesity, self-regulation improvement was associated with short- and longer-term weight loss through changes in emotional eating, exercise, and sweets consumption. Thus, behavioral treatments will benefit from targeting those variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Annesi
- California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA
- Mind Body Wellbeing, LLC, Manahawkin, NJ, USA
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13
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Leu J, Huang KC, Chen PR, Pan WH. Healthcare Service Providers' Perspectives on Sociocultural Aspects Affecting Weight Management Activities Amongst People with Obesity in Taiwan-A Qualitative Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1540. [PMID: 38794778 PMCID: PMC11124406 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and morbid obesity in Taiwan has risen sharply in recent decades, as in other parts of the world, necessitating urgent action to prevent and curb its detrimental effects. Asian populations are susceptible to the repercussions of obesity at a lower body weight. A higher BMI is associated with more frequent outpatient visits, in-hospital admissions, higher medical costs, and a lower quality of life. However, effective weight management approaches are unlikely to be maintained in the long term without assimilation into daily lifestyle practices. This qualitative study, based on semi-structured interviews with 14 doctors, dieticians, and nurses who work to control the weight of people with obesity, explored and identified multilevel barriers in the context of daily life to improve the efficacy and execution of weight management strategies. They considered diets, physical activity, and sleep as key weight management activities. The cultural and psychosocial aspects of daily life were observed to have an impact upon weight management, particularly family conflicts due to cultural dynamics and socially and culturally reinforced food practices. To improve population weight, less-recognised aspects need to be addressed alongside the inclusion of mental health specialists in weight management protocols and policy interventions to minimise obesogenic practices and create environments conducive to weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Leu
- Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Pey-Rong Chen
- Department of Dietetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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14
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Owens BA, Sabik NJ, Tovar A, Ward-Ritacco CL, Melanson K, Guerrieo Z, Oaks BM. Higher morning cortisol is associated with lower intuitive eating in midlife women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 162:106958. [PMID: 38218001 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is associated with negative health outcomes in adults, including increased adiposity. Eating behaviors to cope with stress can have a negative effect on adiposity. There is limited research on positive eating behaviors, such as intuitive eating (IE), and their relationship to stress and adiposity. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between stress and adiposity and to assess whether IE is a mediator of that pathway. METHODS Data were analyzed from a cross-sectional study of 114 women between 40-64 years of age. Participants completed in-person visits and self-reported questionnaires, including the Intuitive Eating Scale and Perceived Stress Scale. Adiposity was assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Measurements included total body fat percentage and android/gynoid (AG) ratio as a measure of abdominal adiposity. Participants provided ten salivary cortisol samples over two days, collected upon waking, 30-, 45-, and 60-minutes after waking, and prior to bed. Several methods were used to characterize cortisol secretion and exposure, including the diurnal cortisol slope and the cortisol area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg). Linear regression was used to assess the associations between perceived stress and IE and between features of diurnal cortisol and IE. Mediation models were tested to examine the indirect effects of IE on the relationship between perceived stress and adiposity and to test the indirect effects of IE on the relationship between cortisol measures and adiposity. RESULTS Linear regression analyses indicated that higher cortisol AUCg was associated with lower scores on the eating for physical reasons subscale (β: -0.01, p = 0.008). After adjusting for covariates, neither higher perceived stress nor diurnal cortisol were associated with intuitive eating. There was no evidence of mediation of the association of stress on adiposity through IE. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a relationship between higher overall morning cortisol and lower scores on the eating for physical reasons subscale of the Intuitive Eating Scale. Future research should seek to understand how intuitive eating may be used as a technique for individuals who engage in emotional eating to cope with stress, and to prevent excess adiposity resulting from stress in midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Owens
- Department of Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
| | - Natalie J Sabik
- Department of Health Studies, University of Rhode Island, Independence Square, 25 West Independence Way, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Alison Tovar
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Christie L Ward-Ritacco
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Independence Square, 25 West Independence Way, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Kathleen Melanson
- Department of Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Zachary Guerrieo
- Department of Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Brietta M Oaks
- Department of Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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15
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Annesi JJ. Early Effects of Body Satisfaction on Emotional Eating: Tailored Treatment Impacts via Psychosocial Mediators in Women with Obesity. Behav Med 2024; 50:91-97. [PMID: 36779242 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2023.2174065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
It was proposed that emotional eating is a critical factor to address early in a behavioral obesity treatment for women to improve their long-term weight-loss, which has been problematic. Poor body image/body satisfaction is a likely predictor of emotional eating. Possible social cognitive theory-based mediators of the body satisfaction-emotional eating relationship having treatment implications include disturbed mood and self-efficacy for controlled eating. Women with obesity volunteered for a community-based weight loss program. After confirming salience of disturbed mood and self-efficacy for controlling one's eating as mediators of the body satisfaction-emotional eating relationship at baseline, a 3-month protocol emphasizing exercise and targeting those mediators through a focus on self-regulation was developed and administered to the treatment group (n = 86). The control group (n = 51) received matched time in typical, educationally based weight-loss processes. Improvements in body satisfaction, emotional eating, disturbed mood, and self-efficacy for controlled eating from baseline-month 3 were each significantly greater in the treatment group. Further analysis of the treatment group found that changes in disturbed mood and self-efficacy completely mediated the body satisfaction change-emotional eating change relationship and neither age nor race (White/Black) were significant moderators. Improvement in emotional eating from baseline-month 3 significantly predicted lost weight over both 3 months and with changes incorporating a 6-month follow up. Findings confirmed the importance of addressing the relationship between body satisfaction and emotional eating over the critical initial months of a behavioral obesity treatment for women through targeting improvements in mood and controlled eating-related self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Annesi
- College of Health Sciences and Human Services, California State University Monterey Bay, Monterey, CA
- Central Coast YMCA, Monterey, CA
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16
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Wu YK, Pacchioni TG, Gehi AK, Fitzgerald KE, Tailor DV. Emotional Eating and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Police Force: The Carolina Blue Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:332. [PMID: 38541330 PMCID: PMC10970079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
There is an association between emotional eating and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors; however, little is known about this association in the police force. This study explores the associations between emotional eating and CVD risk factors in law enforcement officers in North Carolina. Four hundred and five officers completed The Emotional Eating Scale, and 221 of them completed the assessment for CVD-related markers. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Emotional eating in response to anger was significantly positively associated with body weight (β = 1.51, t = 2.07, p = 0.04), diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.83, t = 2.18, p = 0.03), and mean arterial pressure (β = 0.84, t = 2.19, p = 0.03) after adjusting for age and use of blood pressure medicine. Emotional eating in response to depression was significantly positively associated with triglycerides (β = 5.28, t = 2.49, p = 0.02), while the emotional eating in response to anxiety was significantly negatively associated with triglycerides (β = -11.42, t = -2.64, p = 0.01), after adjusting for age and use of cholesterol medicine. Our findings offer new insights to address emotional eating and lower CVD risk in law enforcement officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ke Wu
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tany G. Pacchioni
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Anil K. Gehi
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Katherine E. Fitzgerald
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Divya V. Tailor
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
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17
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Tuncer GZ, Çetinkaya Duman Z. Effects of Shared Decision Making Model-Based Guided Self-Help Program on Emotional Eating and Uncontrolled Eating Behavior in Individuals with a Severe Mental Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2024; 45:331-343. [PMID: 38412065 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2297310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of the Shared Decision Making Model-based Guided Self-Help Program (SDM-GSH) on emotional eating behavior and uncontrolled eating behavior in individuals with a severe mental disorder. METHOD This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted in the Community Mental Health Center of a university hospital between September 2020 and November 2022. The sample of the study consisted of 64 participants. Of them, 33 were in the Experimental Group and 31 were in the control group. To collect the study data, the Patient Information Form, Emotional Eater Questionnaire, and Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire were administered. The participants in the Experimental Group took part in the SDM-GSH. The study data were collected from the participants in the Experimental and Control Groups before, right after and 6 months after the intervention. RESULTS The comparison of the BMI values of the participants with a severe mental disorder who took part in the SDM-GSH demonstrated that their pre-intervention BMI values significantly decreased at the measurements preformed right after and 6 months after the intervention (p < 0.05). The mean emotional eating (λ = 0.189, η2 = 0.811) and uncontrolled eating (λ = 0.218, η2 = 0.782) scores obtained by the participants in the Experimental Group before the intervention significantly decreased at the measurements preformed right after and 6 months after the intervention (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on the results of our study, it is concluded that the SDM-GSH positively affected the BMI values, emotional eating behaviors and uncontrolled eating behaviors of the participants with a severe mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsüm Zekiye Tuncer
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Çetinkaya Duman
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
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18
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Rossi AA, Pietrabissa G, Castelnuovo G, Mannarini S. Cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. The Italian version of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-Revised 18 (TFEQ-R-18): a three-step validation study. Eat Weight Disord 2024; 29:16. [PMID: 38402372 PMCID: PMC10894126 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-Revised 18 (TFEQ-R-18) is an extensively used questionnaire to measure three transdiagnostic features of eating behavior: cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating. OBJECTIVE This research aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the TFEQ-R-18 in three large community samples. METHOD Cross-sectional research designs were employed. In Study 1 (N = 537), an exploratory graph analysis (EGA) was used to examine item clustering within the TFEQ-R-18. In Study 2 (N = 645), a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test its structural validity. In Study 3 (N = 346), a MANOVA was employed assessing mean differences across eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder). RESULTS In Study 1, the EGA accurately identified the three original dimensions of the TFEQ-R-18. Study 2 showed that the Italian TFEQ-R-18 has good fit indexes (CFI = 0.989, RMSEA = 0.064; 90% CI [0.058, 0.070], SRMR = 0.062), and possesses robust psychometric properties. Study 3 reveals distinct, statistically significant differences among eating disorders. CONCLUSION The TFEQ-R-18 proves to be a concise and precise tool for measuring transdiagnostic eating behaviors. Its applicability in the Italian context, supported by robust psychometric properties, suggests its utility for both research and clinical purposes. The findings affirm its potential to inform interventions aimed at enhancing psychological health. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alberto Rossi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
- Center for Intervention and Research on Family studies - CIRF, Department FISPPA, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Clinical Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Clinical Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Mannarini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Center for Intervention and Research on Family studies - CIRF, Department FISPPA, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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19
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Lankila H, Kuutti MA, Kekäläinen T, Hietavala EM, Laakkonen EK. Associations of menopausal status and eating behaviour with subjective measures of sleep. J Sleep Res 2024:e14155. [PMID: 38327126 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Eating and sleeping behaviour are known to interact with each other, yet research is limited in the context of menopausal women. The aim of this study was to examine whether menopausal status is associated with perceived problems in sleeping. Furthermore, we studied different aspects of eating behaviour as potential risk factors for poor sleep in menopausal women. The present study is exploratory in nature, thus the results should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating. We analysed the sleeping and eating behaviour of 1098 women aged 47-55 years and represented different menopausal statuses with regression analyses. Over 20% of them reported fairly poor or poor perceived sleep quality. A higher number of postmenopausal women reported experiencing at least fairly poor sleep quality compared with the other menopausal groups. However, in regression models controlled for several confounding factors menopausal status was not associated with measures of sleep. Women who reported more snacking-type eating behaviour were more likely to report shorter sleep duration, and more daytime tiredness. Externally cued eating was associated with shorter sleep duration and emotional eating was associated with experiencing daytime tiredness. However, after adjusting for multiple testing, it appears that eating behaviour is associated only with daytime tiredness. Menopausal women with sleeping problems may benefit from nutritional interventions targeting eating behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannamari Lankila
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mari A Kuutti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tiia Kekäläinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Enni-Maria Hietavala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eija K Laakkonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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20
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Al Naam Y. The role of serotonin hormone on weight loss maintenance after sleeve gastrectomy: a systematic review. J Med Life 2024; 17:133-140. [PMID: 38813365 PMCID: PMC11131630 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Surgical interventions, such as laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), are frequently associated with significant weight loss. However, the initiation and maintenance of this weight reduction are multifaceted processes influenced by genetic, psychological, behavioral, dietary, and metabolic factors. This review examined the role of metabolic hormones, specifically serotonin, in sustaining weight loss post-LSG. A systematic evaluation of six research articles obtained from Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane was conducted, focusing on the role of serotonin in weight loss maintenance. We included randomized controlled trials involving adults over 18 years. Studies lacking an intensive weight regulation approach were excluded. Information was systematically extracted and analyzed from the selected studies, with data on intervention and control groups summarized in tables to compare outcomes one year post-LSG. The findings revealed a complex interplay between serotonin and its role in weight maintenance after sleeve gastrectomy. While some studies demonstrated successful weight loss maintenance with serotonin intervention, the systematic review found no association between serotonin and weight loss maintenance. Factors beyond serotonin levels, including individual motivation, behavioral strategies, and physical activity, were identified as crucial contributors to sustained weight loss. While the results may not demonstrate a recognizable association between serotonin and weight loss maintenance, the significance of this review lies in its contribution to the existing body of knowledge. By synthesizing current evidence, the study adds a nuanced perspective to understanding factors influencing post-LSG outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Al Naam
- Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Marques CC, Palmeira L, Castilho P, Rodrigues D, Mayr A, Pina TS, Pereira AT, Castelo-Branco M, Goss K. Online Compassion Focused Therapy for overeating: Feasibility and acceptability pilot study. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:410-422. [PMID: 38124655 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pilot study aims to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of online Compassion Focused Therapy for overeating (CFT-OE). METHOD Eighteen Portuguese women seeking treatment for overeating were enrolled in this study, and 15 participants completed the CFT-OE. This was a single-arm study. Participants were assessed at pre- and post-intervention and 3-month follow-up. All participants completed measures assessing binge eating, cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, general eating psychopathology, general and body shame, self-criticism, self-compassion, and fears of self-compassion. RESULTS The treatment attrition rate was 16.7%, which is relatively low compared to other similar online interventions. Participants gave positive feedback on the program and indicated they would recommend it to people with similar difficulties. CFT-OE improved self-compassion and reduced eating psychopathology symptoms, general and body shame, self-criticism, and fears of self-compassion. Clinical significance analysis showed that the majority of participants were classified as in recovery in all measures at post-intervention and 3-month follow-up. DISCUSSION Preliminary results suggest that the online CFT-OE program is an acceptable and feasible intervention. Results also suggest that CFT-OE is beneficial for the treatment of women with difficulties with overeating. A future randomized controlled trial is necessary to establish the effectiveness of the CFT-OE. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE This study indicates that online CFT-OE is a feasible and adequate intervention for women who struggle with overeating. This therapy showed promising results in reducing eating disorder symptoms, shame, and self-criticism and improving self-compassion. As an online intervention, CFT-OE may be more accessible and offer an alternative to in-person therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana C Marques
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychological Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lara Palmeira
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Portucalense Psychology Institute (I2P), Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Castilho
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dírcea Rodrigues
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreas Mayr
- Department of Medical Biometrics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tiago Soares Pina
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Telma Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Psychological Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kenneth Goss
- Coventry & Warwickshire Partnership Trust, Coventry Eating Disorder Service, Coventry, UK
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22
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Scotto Rosato M, Cipriano A, Napolano R, Cella S. Maternal control and eating styles in children: The mediating role of emotion differentiation. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:76-89. [PMID: 37646467 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231199303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Theoretical accounts and empirical research suggest that mother-child interactions significantly influence the child's eating styles (emotional, external, and restrained eating). However, little or no research has explored the association between maternal psychological control and eating styles and whether other mechanisms may be involved in such association. To address this shortcoming, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of difficulties in differentiating emotions between maternal control and eating styles.Methods: Participants were 324 elementary school children (Girls = 172, 53.1%) aged between 8 and 11 years (Mage = 9.13, SD = .89) assessed through self-report measures. Parents provided information about weight and height.Results: Path analysis model showed an acceptable fit to the data (χ2 (3) = 3.966, p = .256; RMSEA = .032; CFI = .990; TLI = .911; SRMR = .018). Difficulties in differentiating emotions significantly mediated the relationship between maternal control and emotional eating (β = -.071, 95%CI [-.094, -.052]; p < .001). The model was invariant across genders.Conclusions: Our findings support the importance of dyadic interaction in enhancing the risk for dysfunctional eating style during infancy, showing that emotion differentiation deficits may be particularly salient in such relationship. Clinical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Scotto Rosato
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Annarosa Cipriano
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosanna Napolano
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Stefania Cella
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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Munialo CD, Mellor DD. A review of the impact of social disruptions on food security and food choice. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:13-23. [PMID: 38268897 PMCID: PMC10804122 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
At times of severe social disruption, be that war, conflict, pandemic, or economic downturn, both the availability and consumption of healthy dietary patterns can be adversely affected with any effects often outlasting the initial social disruption. For instance, when the COVID-19 pandemic hit and lockdown restrictions followed, households were reported to consume unhealthy diets. In some cases, this seemed to be a response to the situation and a coping mechanism. In contrast, in other cases, it was a consequence of limited food availability or access, with some communities finding that fresh foods became difficult to source due to the disruption in global supply chains. The example presented by the impact of conflict in Ukraine, which has also disrupted global food supply chains, at a macrolevel, food systems and at a microlevel, individual and community shows that food choices may respond to different global events in similar ways. Therefore, in this review, a range of events/disruptions are considered, beyond pandemics and wars, including climate disasters (e.g., fire, famine, and floods) that have been shown to impact food supply and consequently, food security. The importance of this can be seen as inadequate and nutritionally poor diets have a concomitant effect on health, which extends beyond the initial period of societal stress and disruption of food supply chains. Hence, the impact of such disruptions on consumer behavior which includes food choice needs to be corroborated. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the impact of such disruptions on consumer behavior and food choices. Additionally, this review provides some practical strategies that can be used to ensure the availability of healthy diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire D. Munialo
- Food, Land and Agribusiness ManagementHarper Adams UniversityNewportUK
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24
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Hussain M, Egan H, Keyte R, Strachan R, Tahrani AA, Mantzios M. Exploring the association between self-compassion, mindfulness and mindful eating with eating behaviours amongst patients with obesity. Nutr Health 2023; 29:683-693. [PMID: 35538911 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221094671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: People who have obesity often experience problematic eating behaviours, contributing towards their excessive weight gain. Aims: Understanding problematic eating behaviours and their association to self-compassion, mindfulness and mindful eating is important for the development of future interventions that improve weight-loss and weight-regulation. Methods: One hundred and one participants attending their first session of a 6-session dietetic programme within a Tier 3 medical weight management service in the West Midlands, UK were recruited to complete questionnaires on self-compassion, mindfulness, mindful eating and eating behaviours, such as, emotional, restrained, external, fat and sugar consumption and grazing. Results: The findings suggested all three constructs, self-compassion, mindfulness and mindful eating were significantly and negatively associated with grazing and emotional eating, but mindful eating was the only construct that also displayed a significant and negative association with other eating behaviours that are often barriers to successful weight regulation, such as external eating and fat consumption. Further investigation suggested mindful eating had an indirect effect on fat consumption and grazing via external eating. Conclusion: Whilst, self-compassion, mindfulness and mindful eating displayed a negative relationship with grazing and emotional eating, mindful eating also displayed a negative relationship with fat consumption and external eating. Possible explanations and directions for future work are discussed with an emphasis on the need for more empirical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misba Hussain
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, UK
| | - Helen Egan
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, UK
| | - Rebecca Keyte
- Department of Psychology, Birmingham City University, UK
| | | | - Abd A Tahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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25
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Dol A, van Strien T, Velthuijsen H, van Gemert-Pijnen L, Bode C. Preferences for coaching strategies in a personalized virtual coach for emotional eaters: an explorative study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1260229. [PMID: 38034311 PMCID: PMC10687361 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Emotional eating is recognized as a potential contributor to weight gain. Emotional eaters often hide their problems because of feelings of shame about their behavior, making it challenging to provide them with the necessary support. The introduction of a virtual coach might offer a potential solution in assisting them. To find out whether emotional eaters are receptive to online personalized coaching, we presented emotional eaters with two essential proto-typical problem situations for emotional eaters: "experiencing cravings" and "after giving in to cravings," and asked them whether they preferred one of the three coaching strategies presented: Validating, Focus-on-Change and Dialectical. Methods An experimental vignette study (2 × 3 design) was carried out. The vignettes featured two distinct personas, each representing one of the two common problem scenarios experienced by emotional eaters, along with three distinct coaching strategies for each scenario. To identify potential predictors for recognition of problem situations, questionnaires on emotional eating (DEBQ), personality traits (Big-5), well-being (PANAS), and BMI were administrated. Results A total of 62% of the respondents identified themselves with "after giving in to cravings" and 47% with "experiencing cravings." BMI, emotional eating and emotional stability appeared to be predictors in recognizing both the problem situations. In "experiencing cravings," the participating women preferred Dialectical and the Validation coaching strategies. In the "after giving in to cravings" condition, they revealed a preference for the Dialectical and the Focus-on-Change coaching strategies. Conclusion Using vignettes allowed a less threatening way of bringing up sensitive topics for emotional eaters. The personas representing the problem situations were reasonably well recognized. To further enhance this recognition, it is important for the design and content of the personas to be even more closely related to the typical problem scenarios of emotional eaters, rather than focusing on physical characteristics or social backgrounds. This way, users may be less distracted by these factors. With the knowledge gained about the predictors that may influence recognition of the problem situations, design for coaching can be more customized. The participants represented individuals with high emotional eating levels, enhancing external validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Dol
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Institute for Communication, Media & IT, Hanze University, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tatjana van Strien
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hugo Velthuijsen
- Institute for Communication, Media & IT, Hanze University, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Christina Bode
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
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26
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Vasileiou V, Abbott S. Emotional eating among adults with healthy weight, overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1922-1930. [PMID: 37012653 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating (EE) is a disordered eating behaviour which may lead to overeating. It is not clear whether EE presents to an equal degree among adults, regardless of their body mass index (BMI) status. The aim of this study was to assess whether there is a difference in degree of EE between adults with healthy weight, overweight and obesity. METHODS MEDLINE and APA PsycINFO databases were searched from inception up to January 2022 for studies that reported EE scores from validated questionnaires. The quality of all included studies was assessed using the AXIS tool. Meta-analysis used random effects and standardised mean difference (SMD). Heterogeneity was investigated using I2 statistics and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS A total of 11 studies with 7207 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Degree of EE was greater in adults with a BMI above the healthy range, compared to adults with a healthy BMI (SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.45; I2 = 85%). However, subgroup analysis found that degree of EE was greater only in adults with obesity (SMD 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.81; I2 = 62%), and there was no difference in degree of EE between adults with overweight and those with a healthy BMI. CONCLUSIONS Degree of EE is greater among adults living with obesity, compared to adults with a healthy BMI, indicating a need for behavioural support to support EE among people living with obesity seeking weight management. Future research should examine the long-term effectiveness of interventions for EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vasileiou
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - S Abbott
- Department of Dietetics, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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27
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Camacho-Barcia L, Lucas I, Miranda-Olivos R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F. Applying psycho-behavioural phenotyping in obesity characterization. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:871-883. [PMID: 37261609 PMCID: PMC10492697 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in obesity, beyond being explained by metabolic and medical complications, are understood by alterations in eating behaviour which underlie psychological processes. From this psychological perspective, studies have identified several potential characteristic features at the psycho-behavioural level that could additionally explain the maintenance of chronic excess weight or the unsuccessful results of current treatments. To date, despite the growing evidence, the heterogeneity of the psychological evidence associated with obesity has made it challenging to generate consensus on whether these psycho-behavioural phenotypes can be a complement to improve outcomes of existing interventions. For this reason, this narrative review is an overview focused on summarizing studies describing the psycho-behavioural phenotypes associated with obesity. Based on the literature, three psychological constructs have emerged: reward dependence, cognitive control, and mood and emotion. We discuss the clinical implications of stratifying and identifying these psycho-behavioural profiles as potential target for interventions which may ensure a better response to treatment in individuals with obesity. Our conclusions pointed out a considerable overlap between these psycho-behavioural phenotypes suggesting bidirectional interactions between them. These findings endorse the complexity of the psycho-behavioural features associated with obesity and reinforce the need to consider them in order to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Camacho-Barcia
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Miranda-Olivos
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Skolmowska D, Głąbska D, Guzek D. Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Emotional Eating Scale Adapted for Children and Adolescents (EES-C) Results in Girls: Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4197. [PMID: 37836481 PMCID: PMC10574204 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress related to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic may have caused substantial changes in eating behaviors, and may have been associated with emotional eating, especially in female individuals. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between stress perceived during the COVID-19 pandemic and emotional eating in girls, within the third phase of the Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. A nationwide sample of 818 Polish female adolescents, aged 15-20, was gathered. The adolescents were recruited to the study based on a random quota sampling procedure. Using a computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) survey, participants filled out the Emotional Eating Scale Adapted for Children and Adolescents (EES-C) to assess the urge to cope with negative emotions by eating, and the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ) to assess perceived stress. Additionally, the data concerning body mass, height, as well as body mass change during the COVID-19 pandemic were verified. The groups most susceptible to emotional eating were excessive body mass female adolescents, those who gained weight during the COVID-19 pandemic and those experiencing high stress levels while facing negative emotions. In order to plan effective therapeutic interventions dealing with the issue of emotional eating, both psychological therapy and dietary strategy tailored to the individual should be considered for the indicated susceptible groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Skolmowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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29
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Schnepper R, Blechert J, Arend AK, Yanagida T, Reichenberger J. Emotional eating: elusive or evident? Integrating laboratory, psychometric and daily life measures. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:74. [PMID: 37702801 PMCID: PMC10499733 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Emotional eating (EE) refers to eating in response to (negative) emotions. Evidence for the validity of EE is mixed: some meta-analyses find EE only in eating disordered patients, others only in restrained eaters, which suggest that only certain subgroups show EE. Furthermore, EE measures from lab-based assessments, ecological momentary assessment (EMA), and psychometric measures often diverge. This paper tested whether the covariance of these three different EE methods can be modeled through a single latent variable (factorial validity), and if so, how this variable would relate to restrained eating (construct validity), Body-Mass-Index (BMI), and subclinical eating disorder symptomatology (concurrent validity). METHODS 102 non-eating disordered female participants with a wide BMI range completed EE measures from three methods: psychometric questionnaires, a laboratory experiment (craving ratings of food images in induced neutral vs. negative emotion) and EMA questionnaires (within-participant correlations of momentary negative emotions and momentary food cravings across 9 days). Two measures for each method were extracted and submitted to confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS A one-factor model provided a good fit. The resulting EElat factor correlated positively with subclinical eating disorder symptoms and BMI but not with restrained eating. CONCLUSIONS The one-factor solution shows that the EE construct can validly be assessed with three different methods. Individual differences in EE are supported by the data and are related to eating and weight problem symptomatology but not to restrained eating. This supports learning accounts of EE and underscores the relevance of the EE construct to physical and mental health. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II (Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Schnepper
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Health Psychology and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychosomatics, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstr. 2, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Blechert
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Health Psychology and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ann-Kathrin Arend
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Health Psychology and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Takuya Yanagida
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Universitaetsstr. 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Reichenberger
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Health Psychology and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Pigsborg K, Kalea AZ, De Dominicis S, Magkos F. Behavioral and Psychological Factors Affecting Weight Loss Success. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:223-230. [PMID: 37335395 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is a large variability between individuals in the weight loss response to any given diet treatment, which fuels interest into personalized or precision nutrition. Although most efforts are directed toward identifying biological or metabolic factors, several behavioral and psychological factors can also be responsible for some of this interindividual variability. RECENT FINDINGS There are many factors that can influence the response to dietary weight loss interventions, including factors related to eating behavior (emotional eating, disinhibition, restraint, perceived stress), behaviors and societal norms related to age and sex, psychological and personal factors (motivation, self-efficacy, locus of control, self-concept), and major life events. The success of a weight loss intervention can be influenced by many psychological and behavioral constructs and not merely by physiological factors such as biology and genetics. These factors are difficult to capture accurately and are often overlooked. Future weight loss studies should consider assessing such factors to better understand the underlying reasons for the large interindividual variability to weight loss therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Pigsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Anastasia Z Kalea
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stefano De Dominicis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Lazarevich I, Irigoyen Camacho ME, Zepeda-Zepeda MA, Velázquez-Alva MC, Sánchez Pérez L. Depression symptoms and sweet foods consumption in Mexican college men: the role of emotional eating. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:784-791. [PMID: 37409724 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Objective: to evaluate the association between depression symptoms and frequency of unhealthy food consumption, and to explore the mediation effect of emotional eating in this relationship in college men. Method: a cross-sectional study was performed on 764 men at a public university in Mexico City. To assess emotional eating (EE), a validated Spanish-language version of the Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire (EADES) was applied. Depression symptoms were evaluated using the scale elaborated by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES-D) and a Questionnaire of Frequency of Food Consumption was used to measure frequency of food consumption. Path and mediation analysis were applied. Results: one-fifth (20.42 %) of college men reported depression symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16). Students with depression symptoms had a higher mean EE score (p < 0.001), a higher frequency of fried food (p = 0.049), sweetened beverages (p = 0.050), and sweet foods consumption (p = 0.005) than students with low CES-D score. According to the mediation analysis, the effect of depression symptoms on the frequency of sweet foods consumption was partially mediated by EE (23.11 % of the total effect). Conclusion: the prevalence of depression symptoms was high. EE is an important mediator in the relationship between depression symptoms and the consumption of sweet foods. Understanding the manifestation of eating behaviors in men and their relationship with depression symptoms may help clinicians and health authorities develop treatment and prevention programs aimed to decrease the risk of obesity and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lazarevich
- Health Care Department. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco
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32
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Dol A, van Gemert-Pijnen L, Schwartz LM, Velthuijsen H, Bode C. Exploring tailored virtual emotion regulation approaches for individuals with emotional eating. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:134. [PMID: 37573369 PMCID: PMC10422816 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating is a complex problem fostering obesity and resulting from maladaptive emotion regulation. Traditional behavioural weight loss interventions have shown insignificant effect. They can be improved by targeting the specific needs of individuals with emotional eating. OBJECTIVE The current study explored a tailored online approach with the aim to positively influence affect (positive and negative) and emotion regulation by applying one of three exercises: body scan, opposite action, and positive reappraisal. DESIGN An embedded mixed-method design (questionnaire data (t0, t1, t2) and perceived usefulness of exercises in t2) was used to evaluate the effects of a two-week online quasi-experimental pilot study. SUBJECTS/SETTING In total, 80 participants with self-reported emotional eating difficulties (DEBQ-E; Memo = 3.48, SD = .64, range 1.62-4.92) finished baseline measurements; 15 completed the intervention. The study sample was predominantly female (95%), from 18 till 66 (Mage = 38,0 ± SD = 14.25). RESULTS Participants reported that the exercises helped them to pay attention to their physical sensations, and to see positive aspects in negative matters. The exercises were considered difficult by the participants, with too little explanation, and dull, due to minor variation. The observed changes revealed small, and moreover, not significant improvements of the three exercises on positive and negative affect and overall emotion dysregulation. Although the quantitative results did not reach significance, the qualitative data highlighted which aspects of the tailored exercises may have contributed to mood and emotion regulation outcomes. A notable observation in the present study is the substantial dropout rate, with the number of participants decreasing from 80 at baseline (T0) to 15 at the post-intervention stage (T2). CONCLUSIONS Future studies should identify tailored online exercises in emotion regulation skills in more detail and explore the contexts in which they are most effective in a personalized virtual coach virtual coach to be developed for individuals with emotional eating. Given the high dropout rate, more emphasis should be given to a proper presentation of the exercises, as well as more explanation of their usefulness and how to perform them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Dol
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, De Zul 10, 7522 NJ Enschede, The Netherlands
- Research Group New Business & ICT, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette van Gemert-Pijnen
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, De Zul 10, 7522 NJ Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Lysanne M. Schwartz
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, De Zul 10, 7522 NJ Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Velthuijsen
- Research Group New Business & ICT, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Bode
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, De Zul 10, 7522 NJ Enschede, The Netherlands
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Warschburger P, Wortmann HR, Walter LP, Bergmann MM, Gisch UA. Stability and longitudinal association between Body Mass Index and maladaptive eating behaviors in older adults: Results from the NutriAct Family Study (NFS). Eat Behav 2023; 50:101778. [PMID: 37421906 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity with age and associated health risks, older adults are an important target group to promote healthy weight. Evidence indicates that maladaptive eating behaviors are associated with higher BMI. However, older adults are often neglected in this research field. This prospective study aims to clarify the temporal relationship between BMI and maladaptive eating behaviors among older adults. METHODS In total, 964 participants of the NutriAct Family Study (Mage = 63.34 years) completed web-based questionnaires two times (M = 3.33 years apart). BMI was assessed via self-reported height and weight, and maladaptive eating behaviors with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). The stability and longitudinal associations were analyzed using cross-lagged models. RESULTS Cross-sectional analysis showed positive correlations between BMI and emotional (r = 0.218), external (r = 0.101), as well as restrictive eating (r = 0.160). All maladaptive eating behaviors (β > 0.684) and BMI (β > 0.922) were longitudinally stable. No significant bidirectional relationships were found between BMI and maladaptive eating behaviors over time, except for BMI predicting restrictive eating (β = 0.133). CONCLUSION The observed cross-sectional, but not longitudinal associations between BMI and maladaptive eating behaviors underline the need for prospective study designs to deepen the understanding of the role of maladaptive eating behaviors in weight management among the general population. Maladaptive eating behaviors among older adults may have already consolidated and play a smaller role in explaining weight course, compared to early life like childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Warschburger
- NutriAct - Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Hanna R Wortmann
- NutriAct - Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Lena P Walter
- University of Potsdam, Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Manuela M Bergmann
- NutriAct - Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Schneunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Ulrike A Gisch
- NutriAct - Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Senckenbergstraße 3, 35390 Gießen, Germany.
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Annesi JJ. Theory to treatment to theory: Evolving a community-based obesity intervention. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2023; 98:102270. [PMID: 36921406 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Within weight-loss treatments, a better understanding of psychosocial correlates of exercise and controlled eating is required to improve lagging outcomes. Within this two-phase study, women with obesity participating in community-based treatments with educational (Phase 1 n = 57, Phase 2 n = 44) and behavioral (Phase 1 n = 80, Phase 2 n = 53) formats were contrasted on psychosocial variables over 3 and 6 months and their interrelations based on the mood-behavior-model and coaction theory. Phase 1 findings informed curricular extensions in Phase 2. In Phase 1, there were significant overall improvements in total mood disturbance, self-regulation of exercise, self-regulation of eating, and weight, which were more pronounced in the behavioral vs. educational format group (-3.5 % vs. -1.4 % weight loss, respectively). Mediation analyses indicated that change in self-regulation of exercise mediated the prediction of change in self-regulation of eating by mood change. Phase 2 findings were similar; however, effect sizes were greater (-6.2 % vs. -2.9 % weight loss, respectively). Within both phases, increased self-regulation of eating significantly predicted weight reduction. Paths from changes in mood→self-regulation of exercise→self-regulation of eating suggested future program attention focus on treatment-associated mood change reinforcing self-regulation, and self-regulation generalizing from an exercise to eating context. Methods of progressing treatment curricula via theory-testing were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Annesi
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Health Professions, Birmingham, AL, USA; California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA; Central Coast YMCA, Monterey, CA, USA.
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35
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Anarte Ortiz MT. [Obesidad, estigma de peso y variables relacionadas]. NUTR HOSP 2023. [PMID: 37154046 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Anarte Ortiz
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico. Universidad de Málaga. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga. IBIMA
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Braden A, Barnhart WR, Kalantzis M, Redondo R, Dauber A, Anderson L, Tilstra-Ferrell EL. Eating when depressed, anxious, bored, or happy: An examination in treatment-seeking adults with overweight/obesity. Appetite 2023; 184:106510. [PMID: 36868313 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Emotions that differ in valence are uniquely associated with eating. In our previous study with an online sample of adults with overweight/obesity, eating in response to depression was the type of emotional eating most closely associated with negative psychosocial correlates (Braden et al., 2018). The current study extended this research by examining associations between emotional eating types (eating in response to depression, anxiety, boredom, happiness) and psychological correlates among treatment-seeking adults. The present study was a secondary analysis of adults (N = 63; 96.8% female) with overweight/obesity and self-identified emotional eating who completed a baseline assessment for a behavioral weight loss intervention. Emotional eating in response to depression (EE-depression), anxiety/anger (EE-anxiety/anger), and boredom (EE-boredom) were assessed with the revised Emotional Eating Scale (EES-R), and positive emotional eating (EE-positive) was assessed with the positive emotions subscale of the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ). The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Binge Eating Scale (BES), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; depressive symptoms) were also administered. Frequencies showed the most endorsed emotional eating type was EE-depression (44.4%; n = 28). Four multiple regression analyses examined associations between emotional eating (EE-depression, EE-anxiety/anger, EE-boredom, and EE-positive) and dependent variables (EDE-Q, BES, DERS, and PHQ-9). Results showed that depression was the emotional eating type most closely related to disordered eating, binge eating, and depressive symptoms. Eating in response to anxiety was closely related to emotion regulation difficulties. Positive emotional eating was related to less depressive symptoms. Exploratory analyses showed that lower levels of positive emotional eating were related to higher depressive symptoms among adults with greater emotion regulation difficulties. Researchers and clinicians may consider tailoring weight loss treatment based on unique emotions that trigger eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Braden
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA.
| | | | - Maria Kalantzis
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA
| | - Rachel Redondo
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA
| | - Aubrey Dauber
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA
| | - LaNaya Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA
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Wang Y, Ho M, Chau PH, Schembre SM, Fong DYT. Emotional Eating as a Mediator in the Relationship between Dietary Restraint and Body Weight. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081983. [PMID: 37111204 PMCID: PMC10141227 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the relationships between routine and compensatory restraints and body mass index (BMI), as well as to explore the mediating role of emotional and external eating in the relationships between routine and compensatory restraints and BMI. Chinese adults aged ≥18 years with different weight statuses were invited to fill out an online questionnaire. Routine and compensatory restraints and emotional and external eating were assessed using the validated 13-item Chinese version of the Weight-Related Eating Questionnaire. Mediation analyses tested the mediation effects of emotional and external eating on the relationship between routine and compensatory restraints and BMI. In total, 949 participants (26.4% male) responded to the survey (mean age = 33 years, standard deviation (SD) = 14, mean BMI = 22.0 kg/m2, SD = 3.8). The mean routine restraint score was higher in the overweight/obese group (mean ± SD = 2.13 ± 0.76, p < 0.001) than in the normal weight (2.08 ± 0.89) and underweight (1.72 ± 0.94) groups. However, the normal weight group scored higher in compensatory restraint (2.88 ± 1.03, p = 0.021) than the overweight/obese (2.75 ± 0.93) and underweight (2.62 ± 1.04) groups. Routine restraint was related to higher BMI both directly (β = 0.07, p = 0.02) and indirectly through emotional eating (β = 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.03, 0.07). Compensatory restraint was only indirectly related to higher BMI through emotional eating (β = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.07).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mandy Ho
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui-Hing Chau
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susan M Schembre
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Ortiz Rodríguez B, Gómez Pérez D, Ortiz Parada M. [Relation between weight stigma and emotional eating: an approach from structural equation modeling]. NUTR HOSP 2023. [PMID: 37073759 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION dietary intake has been shown to be one of the main factors influencing weight gain, and weight stigma contributes to increased emotional eating. However, the factors that mediate this relationship have been less studied. OBJECTIVE the aim of this study was to identify the relationship between weight stigma and emotional eating, and whether this relationship is mediated by internalizing weight bias and psychological distress. METHODS a non-probabilistic sample of 332 people from the general population (192 women and 140 men) answered self-report psychological instruments and provided anthropometric measurements. RESULTS through structural equation analysis (SEM), direct relationships were identified, among which the relationship between weight stigma and emotional eating stands out (β = 0.422, p < 0.001), in addition to the indirect relationship between these variables mediated by internalized weight bias and psychological distress (βindirect = 0.016, p = < 0.05). The model had good indicators of goodness of fit and explained 85 % of the variance. CONCLUSION the results show the importance of including psychological and behavioral variables in the treatment of emotional eating in people with overweight and obesity, as well as addressing these issues from public policies to reduce the associated stigma that still prevails in society.
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Ahlich E, Goldstein SP, Thomas JG. Characterizing emotional eating: Ecological momentary assessment with person-specific modeling. Appetite 2023; 183:106476. [PMID: 36720369 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Emotional eating is a topic of clinical importance, with links to weight regulation and wellness. However, issues of concept clarity and measurement can interfere with efforts to understand and intervene on emotional eating. One explanation for prior difficulties in defining emotional eating may be that this construct is not uniform across individuals. The current study critically examined emotional eating by combining ecological momentary assessment (EMA) with an idiographic analytic approach. The study examined the heterogeneity in the emotions and dysregulated eating behaviors often thought to underlie emotional eating, by establishing and comparing latent factor profiles across individuals. Ten community adults with overweight or obesity completed a 21-day EMA protocol, with 5 daily prompts to report on relevant emotions and eating behaviors. P-technique factor analysis was used to examine the data. Results suggested variability across individuals in the number of factors that emerged, the items that loaded on each factor, and the strength of loadings. Dysregulated eating was not found to covary with affective states strongly enough to produce a distinct "emotional eating" factor for any individual, nor did the correlations between factors suggest strong relationships between emotions and dysregulated eating for most participants, even in this sample with 90% of participants self-identifying as "emotional eaters." Findings are consistent with a growing body of literature questioning the validity of the "emotional eating" construct as currently defined and measured, and supports conceptualizing emotional eating as a locally heterogenous construct that varies between people. Combining EMA with an intra-individual modeling technique appears to be a promising approach for understanding emotional eating. Additional work with larger samples is needed to capture the full range in individual profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Ahlich
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
| | - Stephanie P Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital/Brown Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J Graham Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital/Brown Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
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Dixit U, He J, Whited M, Ellis JM, Zickgraf HF. Negative emotional eating patterns among American university students: A replication study. Appetite 2023; 186:106554. [PMID: 37030451 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Emotional eating (EE) has been consistently associated with obesity, weight gain, and certain eating disorders (EDs). Given the cultural influence on food consumption and eating styles, comparison of EE patterns of individuals in culturally distinct nations (e.g., USA and China) could yield interesting differences in findings. However, given the increasing convergence in eating practices between the above-mentioned nations (e.g., higher reliance on outdoor eating at restaurants among Chinese adolescents), EE patterns might share significant similarities. The present study examined EE patterns of American college students and is a replication of the study done by He, Chen, Wu, Niu, and Fan (2020) on Chinese college students. Responses of 533 participants (60.4% women, 70.1% White, aged 18-52 (mean age = 18.75, SD = 1.35), mean self-reported body mass index = 24.22 kg/m2 and SD = 4.77) on the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (Emotional overeating and emotional undereating subscales) were examined using Latent Class Analysis to identify specific patterns of EE. Participants also completed questionnaire measures of disordered eating and associated psychosocial impairment, depression, stress, and anxiety symptoms, and a measure of psychological flexibility. A solution with four classes emerged, i.e., emotional over- and undereating (18.3%), emotional overeating (18.2%), emotional undereating (27.8%), and non-emotional eating (35.7%). Current findings replicated and extended findings from He, Chen, et al. (2020) in that the emotional over- and undereating class exhibited the highest risks for depression, anxiety, stress, and psychosocial impairment due to disordered eating symptoms as well as lower psychological flexibility. Individuals who have difficulty with awareness and acceptance of their emotions appear to engage in the most problematic form of EE and could benefit from Dialectical behavior therapy and Acceptance and commitment therapy skills training.
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Rosenqvist E, Kiviruusu O, Berg N, Konttinen H. Stress-induced eating and drinking and their associations with weight among women and men during 30-year follow-up. Psychol Health 2023:1-16. [PMID: 36946279 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2192240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is associated with obesity through several mechanisms, including coping methods used in stressful situations. However, long-term prospective studies investigating stress-induced eating and drinking in parallel and their relationships with weight are scarce. PURPOSE We examined the prevalence of stress-induced eating and drinking and their associations with body mass index (BMI) among women and men during a 30-year follow-up, as well as BMI trajectories from early adulthood to middle age. METHODS Participants of a Finnish cohort study were followed by questionnaires at the ages of 22 (N = 1656), 32 (N = 1471), 42 (N = 1334), and 52 (N = 1160). Their coping methods were evaluated by asking how common it was for them to act in certain ways when they encountered stressful situations. We used linear regression analysis to examine the associations between coping methods and BMI, and latent growth models to analyze the BMI trajectories. RESULTS The prevalence of stress-induced eating was higher among women than men throughout the follow-up, whereas stress-induced drinking was more common among men at 22 and 32 years of age. Stress-induced eating was associated with higher BMI at all ages among women, and from the age of 32 among men. Eating as a persistent coping method over the life course was associated with a higher and faster growth rate of BMI trajectories. Stress-induced drinking was associated with higher BMI in middle age, and with a faster growth of BMI among men. CONCLUSIONS Effective, appropriate stress management may be one essential factor in preventing weight gain in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosenqvist
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kiviruusu
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Berg
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Konttinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Madigan CD, Hill AJ, Caterson ID, Burk J, Hendy C, Chalkley A. A Qualitative Process Evaluation of Participant Experiences in a Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial to Reduce Indulgent Foods and Beverages. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061389. [PMID: 36986119 PMCID: PMC10052994 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the effects of ultra-processed/energy-dense nutrient-poor foods on health outcomes, and few interventions to reduce their consumption have been tested. We tested a simple intervention to help people reduce the indulgences they consume (energy-dense nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods). Herein, we report the qualitative findings to understand how participants reduced their consumption by exploring intervention fidelity and the factors affecting consumption. We conducted a qualitative descriptive study of 23 adults who had taken part in a feasibility randomised controlled trial that asked participants to say no to seven indulgences/week and record what they said no to. Data were collected using face-to-face semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically. A total of 23 adults with an average BMI of 30.8 kg/m2 took part. Participants liked the term indulgence, as they could apply it to their normal dietary intake and make small changes. They found self-monitoring what they said no to helpful and reported that emotional eating and habits affected consumption. They had difficulty overcoming these. As most people are consuming too many foods that are EDNP, this simple intervention of “Say No” seven times/week has the potential to be developed as a public health campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Deborah Madigan
- The Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour (CLiMB), Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrew J. Hill
- The Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Worsley Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9NL, UK
| | - Ian Douglas Caterson
- The Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jessica Burk
- The Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chelsea Hendy
- The Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anna Chalkley
- Centre for Physically Active Learning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 6856 Sogndal, Norway
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Research, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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Göbel P, Sanlier N, Yilmaz S, Açikalin B, Kocabaş Ş. The Correlation between Social Media Addiction and Emotional Eating during the COVID-19 Quarantine Period. Ecol Food Nutr 2023; 62:60-74. [PMID: 36803108 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2023.2179044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted with 458 participants. The demographic and health information of the participants along with the Social Media Addiction, Emotional Eating Scale were obtained. The level of social media addiction in adults was moderate, and women were more interested in social media than men. As the average age of participants increased, the virtual tolerance, virtual communication, social media scores decreased (p < .05). The study found that 51.6% of individuals with emotional eating tendencies happened to be obese. The social media addiction scale scores of those with emotional eating tendencies were higher than those without emotional eating tendencies (p < .05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Göbel
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Turkey
| | - Sine Yilmaz
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Turkey
| | - Büşra Açikalin
- Faculty of Fine Arts, Design and Architecture, Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Ankara Medipol University, Turkey
| | - Şule Kocabaş
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Turkey
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Smith J, Ang XQ, Giles EL, Traviss-Turner G. Emotional Eating Interventions for Adults Living with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2722. [PMID: 36768088 PMCID: PMC9915727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating (EE) may be defined as a tendency to eat in response to negative emotions and energy-dense and palatable foods, and is common amongst adults with overweight or obesity. There is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions that address EE. OBJECTIVES To synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of EE interventions for weight loss and EE in adults living with overweight or obesity. METHODS This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adhering to the PRISMA guidance, a comprehensive electronic search was completed up to February 2022. Random effects meta-analysis was carried out to determine the percentage change in weight and EE scores. RESULTS Thirty-four studies were included. The combined effect size for percentage weight change was -1.08% (95% CI: -1.66 to -0.49, I2 = 64.65%, n = 37), once adjusted for publication bias. Similarly, the combined effect size for percentage change in EE was -2.37%, (95% CI: -3.76 to -0.99, I2 = 87.77%, n = 46). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy showed the most promise for reducing weight and improving EE. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to address EE showed promise in reducing EE and promoted a small amount of weight loss in adults living with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Smith
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
- Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, Darlington DL2 2TS, UK
| | - Xiao Qi Ang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
| | - Emma L. Giles
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
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Markey CH, Strodl E, Aimé A, McCabe M, Rodgers R, Sicilia A, Coco GL, Dion J, Mellor D, Pietrabissa G, Gullo S, Granero‐Gallegos A, Probst M, Maïano C, Bégin C, Alcaraz‐Ibáñez M, Blackburn M, Caltabiano ML, Manzoni GM, Castelnuovo G, Hayami‐Chisuwa N, He Q, Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz M. A survey of eating styles in eight countries: Examining restrained, emotional, intuitive eating and their correlates. Br J Health Psychol 2023; 28:136-155. [PMID: 35942590 PMCID: PMC10086804 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Restrained, emotional and intuitive eating were examined in relation to each other and as correlates of participants' weight status, body image and self-esteem. In some past research, restrained and emotional eating have been associated with higher weight status and poorer mental health, while intuitive eating is more frequently linked to lower weight status and more positive well-being. However, these eating styles have rarely been examined together and never in a large cross-country sample. METHOD Six-thousand two-hundred and seventy-two (6272) emerging adults (M age = 21.54 years, SD = 3.13) completed scales from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, the Intuitive Eating Scale-2, the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and provided weight and height information that was used to calculate body mass index (BMI). Participants resided in Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Italy, Japan, Spain and the United States and provided information using an online survey. RESULTS Path analyses for the entire sample revealed significant pathways between higher intuitive eating and higher body satisfaction and self-esteem, and lower BMIs among participants. Higher levels of restrained and emotional eating were associated with lower body satisfaction and self-esteem, and higher BMIs among participants. Minor cross-country differences were evident in these patterns of relations, but intuitive eating emerged as a consistent predictor across countries. CONCLUSION Overall, findings suggest that efforts should be made to increase intuitive eating among emerging adults and to support individual and macrolevel interventions to decrease restrained and emotional eating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H. Markey
- Department of Psychology, Health Sciences CenterRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and CounsellingQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Annie Aimé
- Department of Psychoeducation and PsychologyUniversité du Québec en OutaouaisSaint‐JérômeQCCanada
| | - Marita McCabe
- School of Health SciencesSwinburne UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Rachel Rodgers
- Department of Applied PsychologyNorth Eastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute CareLapeyronie Hospital, CHRU MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Alvaro Sicilia
- Health Research Centre and Department of EducationUniversity of AlmeriaAlmeriaSpain
| | - Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human MovementUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Jacinthe Dion
- Department of Health SciencesUniversite du Quebec a ChicoutimiChicoutimiQCCanada
| | - David Mellor
- School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe HospitalOggebbioItaly
- Department of PsychologyCatholic University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Salvatore Gullo
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human MovementUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | | | - Michel Probst
- Department of Rehabilitation SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Christophe Maïano
- Department of Psychoeducation and PsychologyUniversité du Québec en OutaouaisSaint‐JérômeQCCanada
| | | | | | | | | | - Gian Mauro Manzoni
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe HospitalOggebbioItaly
- Department of PsychologyCatholic University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe HospitalOggebbioItaly
- Department of PsychologyCatholic University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Naomi Hayami‐Chisuwa
- Graduate School of Human Life and EcologyOsaka Metropolitan UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Qiqiang He
- School of Health SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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Martins BG, Vanini NV, Campos LA, Campos JADB. Emotional Appetite Questionnaire: psychometric properties in Brazilian adult samples before and after the COVID-19 pandemic onset. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14597. [PMID: 36721773 PMCID: PMC9884477 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Appetite represents a desire of a person to eat specific food in order to reach satisfaction and pleasure states. This desire may be associated with the experience of negative or positive emotions (emotional appetite). Emotional appetite can influence eating behavior, and its investigation is relevant to avoid possible damage to health resulting from a disordered eating. Objectives To adapt the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ) to the Portuguese language; to assess the validity and reliability of the data; and to assess emotional appetite in three samples of adults collected before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The Portuguese version of the EMAQ was presented after translation, back-translation, and content analysis. Two studies were conducted, the first before and the second after the pandemic onset. Three samples were formed (2019: Sample 1 (age = 19.7 ± 1.5 years) n = 323; 2020: Sample 2 (age = 21.3 ± 1.8 years) n = 1,011; and Sample 3 (age = 28.9 ± 3.1 years) n = 909). An exploratory strategy with parallel analysis was performed. The analyses were conducted in FACTOR and R (lavaan and semTools packages) software. After determining the best-fit model for the data, emotional appetite was examined considering decrease, non-alteration, and increase in appetite in the face of positive and negative emotions/situations. The profile of emotional appetite was determined using a circumplex model. Results The two-factor model described by the valence of emotions/situations fitted the samples (Comparative Fit Indexminimum-maximum = 0.95-0.98; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.94-0.98; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.03-0.08; αord = 0.78-0.88). Increases in appetite were more frequent for positive emotions/situations (52.0-57.5%), and both decreases (35.4-44.5%) and increases (50.0-56.2%) in appetite were observed for negative emotions/situations. Emotions with negative valence and activation were more relevant to appetite reduction, while a significant increase in appetite was observed with anxiety (negative valence and positive activation). Conclusion Different emotions and situations may influence appetite in people, and such an investigation may be useful in preparing eating protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca G. Martins
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadine V. Vanini
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas A. Campos
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland,Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland,Dental Sciences Graduate Program, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana ADB Campos
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Annesi JJ, Stewart FA. Emotional Eating: Psychosocial Bases, Accordingly Directed Treatment Design, and Longitudinal Effects in Women with Obesity. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2023; 44:221-237. [PMID: 36701021 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-023-00723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Emotional eating (eating triggered by adverse mood) might be an important psychosocial variable to address to improve overwhelmingly deficient obesity treatment outcomes in women. However, emotional eating has rarely been focused upon in a systematic, evidence-based manner. Within Part 1 of this field-based study completed within community health-promotion centers the United States, a treatment protocol was developed targeting negative mood, body satisfaction, and self-efficacy to resist negative emotion-related eating (SE-NegEm), which were the significant psychosocial predictors of emotional eating found at baseline in the women participants with obesity. A comparison condition consisted of matched treatment time, but focused upon typical processes of providing education in healthy eating and exercise. Cluster sampling allocated participants to either the treatment group (n = 100) or comparison group (n = 86). In Part 2, overall improvements in mood, body satisfaction, SE-NegEm, and emotional eating were found to be significant, and significantly more pronounced in the treatment group. In parallel multiple mediation analyses incorporating aggregated data, changes from baseline-Month 3 and baseline-Month 6 in negative mood, body satisfaction, and SE-NegEm significantly mediated relationships between group and changes in emotional eating from baseline-Month 6 and baseline-Month 12, respectively. Changes in body satisfaction and SE-NegEm were significant independent mediators for 6-month change, with negative mood change additionally significant for 12-month change. Reduced emotional eating significantly predicted lost weight, which was greater in the treatment group (- 5.8% vs. - 0.9%). The present process of tailoring and testing treatment content based on earlier-identified predictors of emotional eating was supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Annesi
- College of Health Sciences and Human Services, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA. .,Central Coast YMCA, 600 Camino El Estero, Monterey, CA, 93940, USA.
| | - Francine A Stewart
- College of Education, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA.,Sanford College of Education, National University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Monterey Peninsula Unified School District, Monterey, CA, USA
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48
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Kalantzis MA, Chung Xiann Lim S, Dauber AK, Studer-Perez EI, Silverman ZJ, O'Brien WH. Acculturative stress and eating disorder psychopathology: A meta-analysis. Eat Behav 2023; 48:101694. [PMID: 36621037 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present meta-analysis aims to extend Doris and colleagues' (2015) systematic review and address the comprehensive, quantitative gap in the relation between acculturative stress and eating disorder psychopathology reported by studies in the past 20 years. A total of 14 eligible studies were included in our meta-analysis. Across all study samples, there were 2681 participants. The overall relation between eating disorder psychopathology and acculturative stress measurements was examined. Moderation analyses were run to investigate the substantial heterogeneity detected between studies. Results indicated a small effect size for the relationship between eating pathology behaviors and acculturative stress. These results provide insight for clinicians working with individuals who are experiencing acculturative stress, as well as highlight future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Kalantzis
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, United States of America.
| | - Sam Chung Xiann Lim
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, United States of America
| | - Aubrey K Dauber
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, United States of America
| | - Emma I Studer-Perez
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, United States of America
| | - Zachary J Silverman
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, United States of America
| | - William H O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, United States of America
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Shireen H, Castelli S, Legault M, Dor-Ziderman Y, Milad J, Knäuper B. Phenomenological support for escape theory: a qualitative study using explicitation interviews with emotional eaters. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:174. [PMID: 36411446 PMCID: PMC9677670 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study explored the phenomenology of emotional eating, that is, the descriptive knowledge of what one perceives, senses, and knows in one's immediate awareness and experience during emotional eating. Eight individuals with emotional eating were interviewed twice using explicitation interviewing. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, which resulted in nine themes describing the diachronic (or temporal) unfolding of emotional eating and several sub-themes that described various synchronic (or experiential) dimensions of this unfolding. The core findings of this study support the escape theory of emotional eating and recommend future directions to investigate the self-related shifts proposed by this theory. Namely, the findings show that individuals tend to use food to regulate their emotions by reducing the unpleasant experience of negative emotions and the associated unpleasant narrative processing or ruminations about stressors that caused the negative emotions. This then leads to an urge to eat associated with a desire for the sensory experience of eating. Eating then enables individuals to reduce thoughts about their stressors and bring themselves into the present moment through embodiment. Future quantitative research could investigate this mechanism of shifting from narrative to embodied processing to regulate emotions in emotional eating to develop treatment programs, such as mindfulness-based programs, that could encourage such a shift and emotion regulation without the use of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Shireen
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada.
| | - Samantha Castelli
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Maurice Legault
- Department of Teaching and Learning Studies, University of Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Yair Dor-Ziderman
- Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Julia Milad
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Bärbel Knäuper
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
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Liu DT, Prem B, Sharma G, Kaiser J, Besser G, Mueller CA. Eating behavior in patients with smell loss. Front Nutr 2022; 9:993639. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.993639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine how clinical characteristics and validated quality of life (QoL)-measures are associated with eating behavior in patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD).MethodsFor this cross-sectional study, 150 OD patients of different causes were retrospectively recruited. Olfactory function was measured using the Sniffin’ Sticks (TDI), while olfactory-related QoL was evaluated with the Questionnaire of OD negative and positive statements (QOD-NS and QOD-PS). The importance of olfaction was measured using the Importance of Olfaction Questionnaire (IOQ). The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) assessed eating behavior based on emotional, external, and restrained eating. Associations were sought between eating behavior metrics (as dependent variables) with clinical characteristics and olfactory-related outcome measures.ResultsEmotional, external, and restrained eating behavior deviating from normative standards were reported in 54%, 71.3%, and 68% of patients, respectively. Multivariate regression modeling revealed that emotional eating was associated with age (ß = –0.227, p = 0.032), the body mass index (BMI, ß = 0.253, p = 0.005), the TDI (ß = 0.190, p = 0.046), and the QOD-NS (ß = 0.203, p = 0.049). External eating was associated with OD duration (ß = 0.291, p = 0.005), the TDI (ß = 0.225, p = 0.018), the QOD-PS (ß = –0.282, p = 0.008), and the IOQ (ß = 0.277, p = 0.004). Restrained eating was associated with age (ß = 0.216, p = 0.033), the BMI (ß = 0.257, p = 0.003), male gender (ß = –0.263, p = 0.002), and the IOQ (ß = 0.332, p < 0.001).ConclusionClinical characteristics and olfactory outcome measures differentially impact eating styles in OD patients. Our study’s results highlight the importance of considering unfavorable changes in eating behavior during clinical counseling.
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