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Gijbels A, Jardon KM, Trouwborst I, Manusama KC, Goossens GH, Blaak EE, Feskens EJ, Afman LA. Fasting and postprandial plasma metabolite responses to a 12-wk dietary intervention in tissue-specific insulin resistance: a secondary analysis of the PERSonalized glucose Optimization through Nutritional intervention (PERSON) randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00521-5. [PMID: 38851634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that dietary intervention effects on cardiometabolic health were driven by tissue-specific insulin resistance (IR) phenotype: individuals with predominant muscle IR (MIR) benefited more from a low-fat, high-protein, and high-fiber (LFHP) diet, whereas individuals with predominant liver insulin resistance (LIR) benefited more from a high-monounsaturated fatty acid (HMUFA) diet. OBJECTIVES To further characterize the effects of LFHP and HMUFA diets and their interaction with tissue-specific IR, we investigated dietary intervention effects on fasting and postprandial plasma metabolite profile. METHODS Adults with MIR or LIR (40-75 y, BMI 25-40 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a 12-wk HMUFA or LFHP diet (n = 242). After the exclusion of statin use, 214 participants were included in this prespecified secondary analysis. Plasma samples were collected before (T = 0) and after (T = 30, 60, 120, and 240 min) a high-fat mixed meal for quantification of 247 metabolite measures using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS A larger reduction in fasting VLDL-triacylglycerol (TAG) and VLDL particle size was observed in individuals with MIR following the LFHP diet and those with LIR following the HMUFA diet, although no longer statistically significant after false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment. No IR phenotype-by-diet interactions were found for postprandial plasma metabolites assessed as total area under the curve (tAUC). Irrespective of IR phenotype, the LFHP diet induced greater reductions in postprandial plasma tAUC of the larger VLDL particles and small HDL particles, and TAG content in most VLDL subclasses and the smaller LDL and HDL subclasses (for example, VLDL-TAG tAUC standardized mean change [95% CI] LFHP = -0.29 [-0.43, -0.16] compared with HMUFA = -0.04 [-0.16, 0.09]; FDR-adjusted P for diet × time = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Diet effects on plasma metabolite profiles were more pronounced than phenotype-by-diet interactions. An LFHP diet may be more effective than an HMUFA diet for reducing cardiometabolic risk in individuals with tissue-specific IR, irrespective of IR phenotype. Am J Clin Nutr 20xx;x:xx. This trial was registered at the clinicaltrials.gov registration (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03708419?term=NCT03708419&rank=1) as NCT03708419 and CCMO registration (https://www.toetsingonline.nl/to/ccmo_search.nsf/fABRpop?readform&unids=3969AABCD9BA27FEC12587F1001BCC65) as NL63768.068.17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Gijbels
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TiFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Kelly M Jardon
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TiFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Trouwborst
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TiFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Cm Manusama
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TiFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Jm Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Milan AM, Menting GGA, Barnett MPG, Liu Y, McNabb WC, Roy NC, Hutchings SC, Mungure T, Weeks M, Li S, Hort J, Calder S, O'Grady G, Mithen RF. The impact of heat-set milk protein gel textures modified by pH on circulating amino acid appearance and gastric function in healthy female adults: a randomised controlled trial. Food Funct 2024; 15:5613-5626. [PMID: 38722062 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04474b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Modification of dairy proteins during processing impacts structural assemblies, influencing textural and nutritional properties of dairy products, and release and availability of amino acids during digestion. By modifying only pH, acid heat-set bovine dairy gels with divergent textural properties were developed to alter protein digestion. In vitro assay confirmed faster digestion of protein from a firm gel (pH 5.65) versus a soft gel (pH 6.55). We hypothesised that firm gel (FIRM-G; pH 5.6) would result in greater indispensable amino acid (IAA) appearance in circulation over 5 h and corresponding differences in gastric myoelectrical activity relative to soft gel (SOFT-G; pH 6.2). In a randomised, single-blind cross-over trial, healthy females (n = 20) consumed 150 g of each gel; plasma amino acid appearance was assessed over 5 hours. Iso-nitrogenous, iso-caloric gels were prepared from identical mixtures of bovine milk and whey protein concentrates; providing 17.7 g (FIRM-G) and 18.9 g (SOFT-G) of protein per serving. Secondary outcomes included gastric myoelectrical activity measured by body surface gastric mapping, glycaemic, triglyceridaemic, and subjective appetite and digestive responses. Overall plasma IAA (area under the curve) did not differ between gels. However, plasma IAA concentrations were higher, and increased more rapidly over time after SOFT-G compared with FIRM-G (1455 ± 53 versus 1350 ± 62 μmol L-1 at 30 min, p = 0.024). Similarly, total, branched-chain and dispensable amino acids were higher at 30 min with SOFT-G than FIRM-G (total: 3939 ± 97 versus 3702 ± 127 μmol L-1, p = 0.014; branched-chain: 677 ± 30 versus 619 ± 34 μmol L-1, p = 0.047; dispensable: 2334 ± 53 versus 2210 ± 76 μmol L-1, p = 0.032). All other measured parameters were similar between gels. Peak postprandial aminoacidaemia was higher and faster following ingestion of SOFT-G. Customised plasma amino acid appearance from dairy is achievable by altering gel coagulum structure using pH during processing and may have minimal influence on related postprandial responses, with implications for targeting food design for optimal health. The Clinical Trial Registry number is ACTRN12622001418763 (https://www.anzctr.org.au) registered November 7, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Milan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Matthew P G Barnett
- AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Yutong Liu
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Warren C McNabb
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Nicole C Roy
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand.
| | | | - Tanyaradzwa Mungure
- AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Mike Weeks
- AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Siqi Li
- The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Joanne Hort
- The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- Food Experience and Sensory Testing Lab, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Stefan Calder
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Greg O'Grady
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard F Mithen
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Stinson EJ, Mitchell CM, Looker HC, Krakoff J, Chang DC. Higher glucose and insulin responses to a mixed meal are associated with increased risk of diabetic retinopathy in Indigenous Americans. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:699-707. [PMID: 37684485 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior research has focused on glucose/insulin responses to meal challenges to create personalized diets to improve health, though it is unclear if these responses predict chronic diseases. We aimed to identify glucose and insulin responses to a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) that predict the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and compare the predictive abilities with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). METHODS Indigenous American adults without diabetes (n = 168) underwent a 4-h MMTT, body composition assessment, and a 3-h OGTT at baseline. During follow-up (median 13.4 years), DR was diagnosed by direct ophthalmoscopy (n = 28) after onset of type 2 diabetes. Total and incremental area under the curve (AUC and iAUC) were calculated from glucose/insulin responses after the MMTT and OGTT. RESULTS In separate Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, and body fat (%), MMTT glucose AUCs (180-min and 240-min) and iAUC (180-min) predicted DR (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.06, 2.12; HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.05, 2.14; HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.01, 2.46). The predictive abilities were better than the fasting OGTT glucose (p < 0.01) but similar to the 120-min OGTT glucose (p = 0.53). MMTT insulin AUCs (180-min and 240-min) and iAUC (180-min) also predicted DR (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.09, 2.51; HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.00, 2.35; HR 1.53 95% CI 1.06, 2.22) while insulin AUC and iAUC from the OGTT did not (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher MMTT glucose and insulin responses predicted DR and were comparable to the OGTT, supporting the use of a meal challenge for precision nutrition. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS Clinical Trial Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00340132, NCT00339482.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Stinson
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4212 N. 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - C M Mitchell
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4212 N. 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - H C Looker
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4212 N. 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - J Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4212 N. 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - D C Chang
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4212 N. 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA.
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Wopereis S. Phenotypic flexibility in nutrition research to quantify human variability: building the bridge to personalised nutrition. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:346-358. [PMID: 36503652 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665122002853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic flexibility is a methodology that accurately assesses health in terms of mechanistic understanding of the interrelationship of multiple metabolic and physiological processes. This starts from the perspective that a healthy person is better able to cope with changes in environmental stressors that affect homeostasis compared to people with a compromised health state. The term 'phenotypic flexibility' expresses the cumulative ability of overarching physiological processes to return to homeostatic levels after short-term perturbations. The concept of phenotypic flexibility to define biomarkers for nutrition-related health was introduced in 2009 in the area of health optimisation and prevention and delay of non-communicable disease. The core approach consists of the combination of imposing a challenge test to the body followed by time-resolved analysis of multiple biomarkers. This new approach may better facilitate nutritional health research in intervention studies since it may show effects on early derailed physiological markers and the biomarker response can be extended by perturbing the system, thereby making them more sensitive in detecting health effects from food and nutrition. At the same time, interindividual variation can also be extended and compressed by challenge tests, facilitating the bridge to personalised nutrition. This review will overview where the science is in this research arena and what the phenotypic flexibility potential is for the nutrition field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Wopereis
- Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands
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5
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Rundle M, Fiamoncini J, Thomas EL, Wopereis S, Afman LA, Brennan L, Drevon CA, Gundersen TE, Daniel H, Perez IG, Posma JM, Ivanova DG, Bell JD, van Ommen B, Frost G. Diet-induced Weight Loss and Phenotypic Flexibility Among Healthy Overweight Adults: A Randomized Trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:591-604. [PMID: 37661105 PMCID: PMC10517213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The capacity of an individual to respond to changes in food intake so that postprandial metabolic perturbations are resolved, and metabolism returns to its pre-prandial state, is called phenotypic flexibility. This ability may be a more important indicator of current health status than metabolic markers in a fasting state. AIM In this parallel randomized controlled trial study, an energy-restricted healthy diet and 2 dietary challenges were used to assess the effect of weight loss on phenotypic flexibility. METHODS Seventy-two volunteers with overweight and obesity underwent a 12-wk dietary intervention. The participants were randomized to a weight loss group (WLG) with 20% less energy intake or a weight-maintenance group (WMG). At weeks 1 and 12, participants were assessed for body composition by MRI. Concurrently, markers of metabolism and insulin sensitivity were obtained from the analysis of plasma metabolome during 2 different dietary challenges-an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a mixed-meal tolerance test. RESULTS Intended weight loss was achieved in the WLG (-5.6 kg, P < 0.0001) and induced a significant reduction in total and regional adipose tissue as well as ectopic fat in the liver. Amino acid-based markers of insulin action and resistance such as leucine and glutamate were reduced in the postprandial phase of the OGTT in the WLG by 11.5% and 28%, respectively, after body weight reduction. Weight loss correlated with the magnitude of changes in metabolic responses to dietary challenges. Large interindividual variation in metabolic responses to weight loss was observed. CONCLUSION Application of dietary challenges increased sensitivity to detect metabolic response to weight loss intervention. Large interindividual variation was observed across a wide range of measurements allowing the identification of distinct responses to the weight loss intervention and mechanistic insight into the metabolic response to weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Rundle
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Food Research Center, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Vitas Ltd, Oslo Science Park, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hannelore Daniel
- Hannelore Daniel, Molecular Nutrition Unit, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Isabel Garcia Perez
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joram M Posma
- Section of Bioinformatics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana G Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben van Ommen
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Gary Frost
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Gillies NA, Sharma P, Han SM, Teh R, Fraser K, Roy NC, Cameron-Smith D, Milan AM. The acute postprandial response of homocysteine to multivitamin and mineral supplementation with a standard meal is not impaired in older compared to younger adults. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1309-1322. [PMID: 36539620 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE B vitamins are required for the complex regulation of homocysteine and one-carbon (1C) metabolism. Nutritional supplements are frequently used by older adults to counter nutritional inadequacies. However, the postprandial use of B vitamins from supplements in 1C metabolism may be altered with age owing to impaired nutrient absorption and metabolic regulation. Despite implications for health and nutritional status, postprandial 1C metabolite responses have not been characterised in older adults. METHODS Healthy older (n = 20, 65-76 years) and younger (n = 20, 19-30 years) participants were recruited through online and printed advertisements in Auckland, New Zealand. Participants consumed a multivitamin and mineral supplement with a standard breakfast meal. Blood samples were collected at baseline and hourly for 4 h following ingestion. Plasma 1C metabolites (betaine, choline, cysteine, dimethylglycine, glycine, methionine, serine) were quantified using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Serum homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 were quantified on a Cobas e411 autoanalyzer. RESULTS Older adults had higher fasting homocysteine concentrations (older: 14.0 ± 2.9 µmol/L; younger: 12.2 ± 2.5 µmol/L; p = 0.036) despite higher folate (older: 36.7 ± 17.4 nmol/L; younger: 21.6 ± 7.6 nmol/L; p < 0.001) and similar vitamin B12 concentrations (p = 0.143) to younger adults. However, a similar postprandial decline in homocysteine was found in older and younger subjects in response to the combined meal and supplement. Except for a faster decline of cystathionine in older adults (p = 0.003), the postprandial response of other 1C metabolites was similar between young and older adults. CONCLUSION Healthy older adults appear to maintain postprandial responsiveness of 1C metabolism to younger adults, supported by a similar postprandial decline in homocysteine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Gillies
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Pankaja Sharma
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Soo Min Han
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ruth Teh
- School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Amber M Milan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Štšepetova J, Rätsep M, Gerulis O, Jõesaar A, Mikelsaar M, Songisepp E. Impact of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Inducia on metabolic and antioxidative response in cholesterol and BMI variable indices: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Benef Microbes 2023; 14:1-16. [PMID: 36437811 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics may have potential in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in middle-aged persons with borderline metabolic indices. The ability of potential probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Inducia to reduce CVD risk factors in persons with variable cholesterol and body mass indices (BMI) was assessed. In two parallel-armed double-blind placebo-controlled interventions (n=136) and (n=104), participants daily received either test yoghurt (Inducia) or placebo yoghurt. BMI, blood pressure, plasma glucose, cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), oxidative stress and immunological markers were measured. Total counts of lactobacilli and L. plantarum Inducia were evaluated using real-time PCR. Significant reduction of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and non-high-density cholesterol occurred in both trials. The change in cholesterol (P=0.023) in persons with normal BMI and borderline cholesterol levels after four weeks of yoghurt consumption was detected. A difference was also found between placebo and test yoghurt groups (P=0.042) in LDL-c with normal BMI. Blood glucose reduction (P=0.01) and antioxidative effect was detected in overweight volunteers of the test yoghurt group. The suppression of oxidised LDL was associated with lowered oxidative stress index and total peroxide concentration values and faecal recovery of Inducia. The Inducia strain expresses antioxidative effect on blood lipids and has anti-glycaemic impact that allow to apply it as dietary probiotic supplement for the management of CVD risks in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Štšepetova
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Rätsep
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - O Gerulis
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Jõesaar
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Mikelsaar
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - E Songisepp
- BioCC OÜ, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
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Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Relation to Gut Microbiota and Genetic Variability. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245361. [PMID: 36558520 PMCID: PMC9788597 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in modulating inflammatory and immune responses of their host. In recent years, the host-microbiota interface has gained relevance in understanding the development of many non-communicable chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Importantly, dietary fibre (DF) and associated compounds digested by the microbiota and their resulting metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), were significantly associated with health beneficial effects, such as via proposed anti-inflammatory mechanisms. However, SCFA metabolic pathways are not fully understood. Major steps include production of SCFA by microbiota, uptake in the colonic epithelium, first-pass effects at the liver, followed by biodistribution and metabolism at the host's cellular level. As dietary patterns do not affect all individuals equally, the host genetic makeup may play a role in the metabolic fate of these metabolites, in addition to other factors that might influence the microbiota, such as age, birth through caesarean, medication intake, alcohol and tobacco consumption, pathogen exposure and physical activity. In this article, we review the metabolic pathways of DF, from intake to the intracellular metabolism of fibre-derived products, and identify possible sources of inter-individual variability related to genetic variation. Such variability may be indicative of the phenotypic flexibility in response to diet, and may be predictive of long-term adaptations to dietary factors, including maladaptation and tissue damage, which may develop into disease in individuals with specific predispositions, thus allowing for a better prediction of potential health effects following personalized intervention with DF.
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O'Donovan SD, Erdős B, Jacobs DM, Wanders AJ, Thomas EL, Bell JD, Rundle M, Frost G, Arts ICW, Afman LA, van Riel NAW. Quantifying the contribution of triglycerides to metabolic resilience through the mixed meal model. iScience 2022; 25:105206. [PMID: 36281448 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the pivotal role played by elevated circulating triglyceride levels in the pathophysiology of cardio-metabolic diseases many of the indices used to quantify metabolic health focus on deviations in glucose and insulin alone. We present the Mixed Meal Model, a computational model describing the systemic interplay between triglycerides, free fatty acids, glucose, and insulin. We show that the Mixed Meal Model can capture deviations in the post-meal excursions of plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride that are indicative of features of metabolic resilience; quantifying insulin resistance and liver fat; validated by comparison to gold-standard measures. We also demonstrate that the Mixed Meal Model is generalizable, applying it to meals with diverse macro-nutrient compositions. In this way, by coupling triglycerides to the glucose-insulin system the Mixed Meal Model provides a more holistic assessment of metabolic resilience from meal response data, quantifying pre-clinical metabolic deteriorations that drive disease development in overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna D O'Donovan
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Eindhoven Artifical Intelligence Systems Institute (EAISI), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Balázs Erdős
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Doris M Jacobs
- Unilever Global Food Innovation Centre, Bronland 14, 6708WH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne J Wanders
- Unilever Global Food Innovation Centre, Bronland 14, 6708WH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - E Louise Thomas
- Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Center for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Milena Rundle
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ilja C W Arts
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Natal A W van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Eindhoven Artifical Intelligence Systems Institute (EAISI), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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10
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Gonzalez Izundegui D, Miller PE, Shah RV, Clish CB, Walker ME, Mitchell GF, Gerszten RE, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Nayor M. Response of circulating metabolites to an oral glucose challenge and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the community. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:213. [PMID: 36243866 PMCID: PMC9568897 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New biomarkers to identify cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk earlier in its course are needed to enable targeted approaches for primordial prevention. We evaluated whether intraindividual changes in blood metabolites in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) may provide incremental information regarding the risk of future CVD and mortality in the community. Methods An OGTT (75 g glucose) was administered to a subsample of Framingham Heart Study participants free from diabetes (n = 361). Profiling of 211 plasma metabolites was performed from blood samples drawn before and 2 h after OGTT. The log2(post/pre) metabolite levels (Δmetabolites) were related to incident CVD and mortality in Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, baseline metabolite level, systolic blood pressure, hypertension treatment, body mass index, smoking, and total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Select metabolites were related to subclinical cardiometabolic phenotypes using Spearman correlations adjusted for age, sex, and fasting metabolite level. Results Our sample included 42% women, with a mean age of 56 ± 9 years and a body mass index of 30.2 ± 5.3 kg/m2. The pre- to post-OGTT changes (Δmetabolite) were non-zero for 168 metabolites (at FDR ≤ 5%). A total of 132 CVD events and 144 deaths occurred during median follow-up of 24.9 years. In Cox models adjusted for clinical risk factors, four Δmetabolites were associated with incident CVD (higher glutamate and deoxycholate, lower inosine and lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2) and six Δmetabolites (higher hydroxyphenylacetate, triacylglycerol 56:5, alpha-ketogluturate, and lower phosphatidylcholine 32:0, glucuronate, N-monomethyl-arginine) were associated with death (P < 0.05). Notably, baseline metabolite levels were not associated with either outcome in models excluding Δmetabolites. The Δmetabolites exhibited varying cross-sectional correlation with subclinical risk factors such as visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and vascular stiffness, but overall relations were modest. Significant Δmetabolites included those with established roles in cardiometabolic disease (e.g., glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate) and metabolites with less defined roles (e.g., glucuronate, lipid species). Conclusions Dynamic changes in metabolite levels with an OGTT are associated with incident CVD and mortality and have potential relevance for identifying CVD risk earlier in its development and for discovering new potential therapeutic targets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01647-w.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia E Miller
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ravi V Shah
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Research Center, Cardiology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maura E Walker
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord Street, Suite L-516, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Department of Health Sciences, Program in Nutrition, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord Street, Suite L-516, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.,Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord Street, Suite L-516, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Center for Computing and Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Nayor
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord Street, Suite L-516, Boston, MA, 02118, USA. .,Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA. .,Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord Street, Suite L-516, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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11
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Weinisch P, Fiamoncini J, Schranner D, Raffler J, Skurk T, Rist MJ, Römisch-Margl W, Prehn C, Adamski J, Hauner H, Daniel H, Suhre K, Kastenmüller G. Dynamic patterns of postprandial metabolic responses to three dietary challenges. Front Nutr 2022; 9:933526. [PMID: 36211489 PMCID: PMC9540193 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.933526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food intake triggers extensive changes in the blood metabolome. The kinetics of these changes depend on meal composition and on intrinsic, health-related characteristics of each individual, making the assessment of changes in the postprandial metabolome an opportunity to assess someone's metabolic status. To enable the usage of dietary challenges as diagnostic tools, profound knowledge about changes that occur in the postprandial period in healthy individuals is needed. In this study, we characterize the time-resolved changes in plasma levels of 634 metabolites in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), an oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT), and a mixed meal (SLD) in healthy young males (n = 15). Metabolite levels for samples taken at different time points (20 per individual) during the challenges were available from targeted (132 metabolites) and non-targeted (502 metabolites) metabolomics. Almost half of the profiled metabolites (n = 308) showed a significant change in at least one challenge, thereof 111 metabolites responded exclusively to one particular challenge. Examples include azelate, which is linked to ω-oxidation and increased only in OLTT, and a fibrinogen cleavage peptide that has been linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular events in diabetes patients and increased only in OGTT, making its postprandial dynamics a potential target for risk management. A pool of 89 metabolites changed their plasma levels during all three challenges and represents the core postprandial response to food intake regardless of macronutrient composition. We used fuzzy c-means clustering to group these metabolites into eight clusters based on commonalities of their dynamic response patterns, with each cluster following one of four primary response patterns: (i) “decrease-increase” (valley-like) with fatty acids and acylcarnitines indicating the suppression of lipolysis, (ii) “increase-decrease” (mountain-like) including a cluster of conjugated bile acids and the glucose/insulin cluster, (iii) “steady decrease” with metabolites reflecting a carryover from meals prior to the study, and (iv) “mixed” decreasing after the glucose challenge and increasing otherwise. Despite the small number of subjects, the diversity of the challenges and the wealth of metabolomic data make this study an important step toward the characterization of postprandial responses and the identification of markers of metabolic processes regulated by food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Weinisch
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Food Research Center – FoRC, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Schranner
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Raffler
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Digital Medicine, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- Core Facility Human Studies, ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Manuela J. Rist
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Werner Römisch-Margl
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gabi Kastenmüller
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12
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Wüthrich C, De Figueiredo M, Burton-Pimentel KJ, Vergères G, Wahl F, Zenobi R, Giannoukos S. Breath response following a nutritional challenge monitored by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 35961293 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac894e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
On-line breath analysis using secondary electrospray ionization coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) is a sensitive method for biomarker discovery. The strengths of this technology have already been demonstrated in the clinical environment. For the first time, this study demonstrates the application of SESI-HRMS in the field of nutritional science using a standardized nutritional intervention, consisting of a high-energy shake (950 kcal, 8% protein, 35% sugar and 57% fat). Eleven subjects underwent the intervention on three separate days and their exhaled breath was monitored up to six hours postprandially. In addition, sampling was performed during equivalent fasting conditions for selected subjects. To estimate the impact of inter- and intra-individual variability, analysis of variance simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) was conducted, revealing that the inter-individual variability accounted for 30 % of the data variation. To distinguish the effect of the intervention from fasting conditions, partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed. Candidate compound annotation was performed with pathway analysis and collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments. Pathway analysis highlighted, among others, features associated with the metabolism of linoleate, butanoate and amino sugars. Tentative compounds annotated through CID measurements include fatty acids, amino acids, and amino acid derivatives, some of them likely derived from nutrients by the gut microbiome (e.g. propanoate, indoles), as well as organic acids from the Krebs cycle. Time-series clustering showed an overlap of observed kinetic trends with those reported previously in blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Wüthrich
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zurich, Zürich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
| | | | | | - Guy Vergères
- Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, Bern, Bern, 3003, SWITZERLAND
| | - Fabian Wahl
- Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, Bern, Bern, 3003, SWITZERLAND
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, HCI E 325, CH - 8093, Zurich, Zurich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Stamatios Giannoukos
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zurich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
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13
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Reik A, Brandl B, Schauberger G, Wawro N, Linseisen J, Skurk T, Volkert D, Hauner H, Holzapfel C. Association between Habitual Diet and the Postprandial Glucose Response-An Enable Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200110. [PMID: 35713029 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE It is inconclusive which factors influence inter-individual variations of postprandial glucose response (PPGR). This study investigates whether the habitual diet is associated with PPGR. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from healthy adults (young adults with 18-25 years, middle-aged adults with 40-65 years, and older adults with 75-85 years) is collected at baseline and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) collected. Habitual diet is assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and two 24-h food lists. Associations between habitual diet and glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUCmin ) are examined by regression models. The intake of cereals and cereal products is negatively associated with glucose iAUCmin (p = 0.002) in the total cohort (N = 459, 50% women, 55 ± 21 years, BMI 26 ± 5 kg m- 2 ). Up to 9% of the variance in the glycemic response is explained by the respective dietary parameters identified in the models of the specific age groups. CONCLUSION There are age-specific diet-related effects on PPGR. The usual intake of cereals and cereal products seems to play a greater role in PPGR in more than one age group. Further research is needed, to establish how diet can be optimized based on age and PPGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Reik
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Beate Brandl
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gunther Schauberger
- Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Wawro
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Epidemiology, University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Epidemiology, University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Dorothee Volkert
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Chair of Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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14
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Newman JW, Krishnan S, Borkowski K, Adams SH, Stephensen CB, Keim NL. Assessing Insulin Sensitivity and Postprandial Triglyceridemic Response Phenotypes With a Mixed Macronutrient Tolerance Test. Front Nutr 2022; 9:877696. [PMID: 35634390 PMCID: PMC9131925 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.877696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of meal challenge tests to assess postprandial responses in carbohydrate and fat metabolism is well established in clinical nutrition research. However, challenge meal compositions and protocols remain a variable. Here, we validated a mixed macronutrient tolerance test (MMTT), containing 56-g palm oil, 59-g sucrose, and 26-g egg white protein for the parallel determination of insulin sensitivity and postprandial triglyceridemia in clinically healthy subjects. The MMTT was administered in two study populations. In one, women with overweight/obese BMIs (n = 43) involved in an 8-week dietary intervention were administered oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and MMTTs within 2 days of each other after 0, 2, and 8 weeks of the dietary intervention. In the other, 340 men and women between 18 and 64 years of age, with BMI from 18–40 kg/m2, completed the MMTT as part of a broad nutritional phenotyping effort. Postprandial blood collected at 0, 0.5, 3, and 6 h was used to measure glucose, insulin, and clinical lipid panels. The MMTT postprandial insulin-dependent glucose disposal was evaluated by using the Matsuda Index algorithm and the 0- and 3 h blood insulin and glucose measures. The resulting MMTT insulin sensitivity index (ISIMMTT) was strongly correlated (r = 0.77, p < 0.001) with the OGTT-dependent 2 h composite Matsuda index (ISIComposite), being related by the following equation: Log (ISIComposite) = [0.8751 x Log(ISIMMTT)] –0.2115. An area under the triglyceride excursion curve >11.15 mg/mL h–1 calculated from the 0, 3, and 6 h blood draws established mild-to-moderate triglyceridemia in agreement with ∼20% greater prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia than fasting indications. We also demonstrated that the product of the 0 to 3 h and 3 to 6 h triglyceride rate of change as a function of the triglyceride incremental area under the curve optimally stratified subjects by postprandial response patterns. Notably, ∼2% of the population showed minimal triglyceride appearance by 6 h, while ∼25% had increasing triglycerides through 6 h. Ultimately, using three blood draws, the MMTT allowed for the simultaneous determination of insulin sensitivity and postprandial triglyceridemia in individuals without clinically diagnosed disease.Clinical Trial Registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT02298725; NCT02367287].
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Newman
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: John W. Newman,
| | - Sridevi Krishnan
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Surgery, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Charles B. Stephensen
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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15
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Lépine G, Tremblay-Franco M, Bouder S, Dimina L, Fouillet H, Mariotti F, Polakof S. Investigating the Postprandial Metabolome after Challenge Tests to Assess Metabolic Flexibility and Dysregulations Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030472. [PMID: 35276829 PMCID: PMC8840206 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the added value provided by a research strategy applying metabolomics analyses to assess phenotypic flexibility in response to different nutritional challenge tests in the framework of metabolic clinical studies. We discuss findings related to the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and to mixed meals with varying fat contents and food matrix complexities. Overall, the use of challenge tests combined with metabolomics revealed subtle metabolic dysregulations exacerbated during the postprandial period when comparing healthy and at cardiometabolic risk subjects. In healthy subjects, consistent postprandial metabolic shifts driven by insulin action were reported (e.g., a switch from lipid to glucose oxidation for energy fueling) with similarities between OGTT and mixed meals, especially during the first hours following meal ingestion while differences appeared in a wider timeframe. In populations with expected reduced phenotypic flexibility, often associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, a blunted response on most key postprandial pathways was reported. We also discuss the most suitable statistical tools to analyze the dynamic alterations of the postprandial metabolome while accounting for complexity in study designs and data structure. Overall, the in-depth characterization of the postprandial metabolism and associated phenotypic flexibility appears highly promising for a better understanding of the onset of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaïa Lépine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.L.); (S.B.); (L.D.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (H.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France;
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Sabrine Bouder
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.L.); (S.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Laurianne Dimina
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.L.); (S.B.); (L.D.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (H.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (H.F.); (F.M.)
| | - François Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005 Paris, France; (H.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.L.); (S.B.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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He S, Le NA, Ramírez-Zea M, Martorell R, Narayan KMV, Stein AD. Metabolic flexibility differs by body composition in adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:372-379. [PMID: 34857223 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS With the rise of global cardiometabolic diseases, it is important to investigate risk factors such as obesity. Metabolic flexibility, the ability to maintain metabolic homeostasis following an acute challenge, can reflect cardiometabolic health. We investigated the association between body composition and the metabolic flexibility following meal consumption in an adult population. METHODS In this study of 1027 participants (mean age 44.0 y ± SD 4.2 y), we administered a mixed-macronutrient meal challenge. Fasting and 2-h postprandial plasma were assayed for lipids, glycemic, and inflammation biomarkers. We characterized metabolic flexibility through meal-induced biomarker responses (%Δ, the difference between postprandial and fasting concentrations, divided by fasting concentration). We then compared the responses by sex-specific tertiles of body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat. RESULTS With every unit (kg/m2) increase in BMI, %Δ (95% confidence interval) increased by 0.17% (0.09, 0.26%) for total cholesterol, 0.31% (0.07, 0.54%) for triglycerides, and 0.11% (0.01, 0.20%) for apoA-I, whereas insulin elevation was reduced (-6.30%; -8.41, -4.20%), and the reduction in leptin was attenuated (0.64%; 0.25, 1.05%). With each unit (percent) increase in body fat, we observed similar changes in the %Δ of total cholesterol and leptin but not in triglycerides, apoA-I, or insulin. Glucose response increased by 0.29% (0.06, 0.51%) as body fat increases by one unit. CONCLUSION Metabolic flexibility, as assessed by biomarker responses to an acute physiological meal challenge, differed by body composition. These findings may help elucidate the pathways through which obesity contributes to cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran He
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ngoc-Anh Le
- Biomarker Core Laboratory, Foundation for Atlanta Veterans Education and Research (FAVER), Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System (AVAHCS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Zea
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (CIIPEC), Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | - Aryeh D Stein
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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17
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van den Brink W, Bloem R, Ananth A, Kanagasabapathi T, Amelink A, Bouwman J, Gelinck G, van Veen S, Boorsma A, Wopereis S. Digital Resilience Biomarkers for Personalized Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention. Front Digit Health 2021; 2:614670. [PMID: 34713076 PMCID: PMC8521930 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2020.614670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Health maintenance and disease prevention strategies become increasingly prioritized with increasing health and economic burden of chronic, lifestyle-related diseases. A key element in these strategies is the empowerment of individuals to control their health. Self-measurement plays an essential role in achieving such empowerment. Digital measurements have the advantage of being measured non-invasively, passively, continuously, and in a real-world context. An important question is whether such measurement can sensitively measure subtle disbalances in the progression toward disease, as well as the subtle effects of, for example, nutritional improvement. The concept of resilience biomarkers, defined as the dynamic evaluation of the biological response to an external challenge, has been identified as a viable strategy to measure these subtle effects. In this review, we explore the potential of integrating this concept with digital physiological measurements to come to digital resilience biomarkers. Additionally, we discuss the potential of wearable, non-invasive, and continuous measurement of molecular biomarkers. These types of innovative measurements may, in the future, also serve as a digital resilience biomarker to provide even more insight into the personal biological dynamics of an individual. Altogether, digital resilience biomarkers are envisioned to allow for the measurement of subtle effects of health maintenance and disease prevention strategies in a real-world context and thereby give personalized feedback to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem van den Brink
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Robbert Bloem
- Department of Environmental Modeling Sensing and Analysis, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Adithya Ananth
- Department of Optics, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Delft, Netherlands
| | - Thiru Kanagasabapathi
- Holst Center, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Arjen Amelink
- Department of Optics, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Delft, Netherlands
| | - Jildau Bouwman
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Gelinck
- Holst Center, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Sjaak van Veen
- Department of Environmental Modeling Sensing and Analysis, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andre Boorsma
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
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18
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Day K, Dordevic AL, Truby H, Southey MC, Coort S, Murgia C. Transcriptomic changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with weight loss: systematic literature review and primary data synthesis. GENES AND NUTRITION 2021; 16:12. [PMID: 34281497 PMCID: PMC8287703 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-021-00692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have shown promise as a tissue sensitive to subtle and possibly systemic transcriptomic changes, and as such may be useful in identifying responses to weight loss interventions. The primary aim was to comprehensively evaluate the transcriptomic changes that may occur during weight loss and to determine if there is a consistent response across intervention types in human populations of all ages. Methods Included studies were randomised control trials or cohort studies that administered an intervention primarily designed to decrease weight in any overweight or obese human population. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to obtain studies and gene expression databases were interrogated to locate corresponding transcriptomic datasets. Datasets were normalised using the ArrayAnalysis online tool and differential gene expression was determined using the limma package in R. Over-represented pathways were explored using the PathVisio software. Heatmaps and hierarchical clustering were utilised to visualise gene expression. Results Seven papers met the inclusion criteria, five of which had raw gene expression data available. Of these, three could be grouped into high responders (HR, ≥ 5% body weight loss) and low responders (LR). No genes were consistently differentially expressed between high and low responders across studies. Adolescents had the largest transcriptomic response to weight loss followed by adults who underwent bariatric surgery. Seven pathways were altered in two out of four studies following the intervention and the pathway ‘cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins’ (WikiPathways: WP477) was altered between HR and LR at baseline in the two datasets with both groups. Pathways related to ‘toll-like receptor signalling’ were altered in HR response to the weight loss intervention in two out of three datasets. Conclusions Transcriptomic changes in PBMCs do occur in response to weight change. Transparent and standardised data reporting is needed to realise the potential of transcriptomics for investigating phenotypic features. Registration number PROSPERO: CRD42019106582 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12263-021-00692-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Day
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, Victoria, 3168, Australia.
| | - Aimee L Dordevic
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Level 1, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Helen Truby
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Murgia
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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19
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LaBarre JL, Singer K, Burant CF. Advantages of Studying the Metabolome in Response to Mixed-Macronutrient Challenges and Suggestions for Future Research Designs. J Nutr 2021; 151:2868-2881. [PMID: 34255076 PMCID: PMC8681069 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the postprandial response to a dietary challenge containing all macronutrients-carbohydrates, lipids, and protein-may provide stronger insights of metabolic health than a fasted measurement. Metabolomic profiling deepens the understanding of the homeostatic and adaptive response to a dietary challenge by classifying multiple metabolic pathways and biomarkers. A total of 26 articles were identified that measure the human blood metabolome or lipidome response to a mixed-macronutrient challenge. Most studies were cross-sectional, exploring the baseline and postprandial response to the dietary challenge. Large variations in study designs were reported, including the macronutrient and caloric composition of the challenge and the delivery of the challenge as a liquid shake or a solid meal. Most studies utilized a targeted metabolomics platform, assessing only a particular metabolic pathway, however, several studies utilized global metabolomics and lipidomics assays demonstrating the expansive postprandial response of the metabolome. The postprandial response of individual amino acids was largely dependent on the amino acid composition of the test meal, with the exception of alanine and proline, 2 nonessential amino acids. Long-chain fatty acids and unsaturated long-chain acylcarnitines rapidly decreased in response to the dietary challenges, representing the switch from fat to carbohydrate oxidation. Studies were reviewed that assessed the metabolome response in the context of obesity and metabolic diseases, providing insight on how weight status and disease influence the ability to cope with a nutrient load and return to homeostasis. Results demonstrate that the flexibility to respond to a substrate load is influenced by obesity and metabolic disease and flexibility alterations will be evident in downstream metabolites of fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. In response, we propose suggestions for standardization between studies with the potential of creating a study exploring the postprandial response to a multitude of challenges with a variety of macronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles F Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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20
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Witkamp RF. Nutrition to Optimise Human Health-How to Obtain Physiological Substantiation? Nutrients 2021; 13:2155. [PMID: 34201670 PMCID: PMC8308379 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Demonstrating in an unambiguous manner that a diet, let alone a single product, 'optimizes' health, presents an enormous challenge. The least complicated is when the starting situation is clearly suboptimal, like with nutritional deficiencies, malnutrition, unfavourable lifestyle, or due to disease or ageing. Here, desired improvements and intervention strategies may to some extent be clear. However, even then situations require approaches that take into account interactions between nutrients and other factors, complex dose-effect relationships etc. More challenging is to substantiate that a diet or a specific product optimizes health in the general population, which comes down to achieve perceived, 'non-medical' or future health benefits in predominantly healthy persons. Presumed underlying mechanisms involve effects of non-nutritional components with subtle and slowly occurring physiological effects that may be difficult to translate into measurable outcomes. Most promising strategies combine classical physiological concepts with those of 'multi-omics' and systems biology. Resilience-the ability to maintain or regain homeostasis in response to stressors-is often used as proxy for a particular health domain. Next to this, quantifying health requires personalized strategies, measurements preferably carried out remotely, real-time and in a normal living environment, and experimental designs other than randomized controlled trials (RCTs), for example N-of-1 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renger F Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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21
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A Novel Personalized Systems Nutrition Program Improves Dietary Patterns, Lifestyle Behaviors and Health-Related Outcomes: Results from the Habit Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061763. [PMID: 34067248 PMCID: PMC8224682 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized nutrition may be more effective in changing lifestyle behaviors compared to population-based guidelines. This single-arm exploratory study evaluated the impact of a 10-week personalized systems nutrition (PSN) program on lifestyle behavior and health outcomes. Healthy men and women (n = 82) completed the trial. Individuals were grouped into seven diet types, for which phenotypic, genotypic and behavioral data were used to generate personalized recommendations. Behavior change guidance was also provided. The intervention reduced the intake of calories (−256.2 kcal; p < 0.0001), carbohydrates (−22.1 g; p < 0.0039), sugar (−13.0 g; p < 0.0001), total fat (−17.3 g; p < 0.0001), saturated fat (−5.9 g; p = 0.0003) and PUFA (−2.5 g; p = 0.0065). Additionally, BMI (−0.6 kg/m2; p < 0.0001), body fat (−1.2%; p = 0.0192) and hip circumference (−5.8 cm; p < 0.0001) were decreased after the intervention. In the subgroup with the lowest phenotypic flexibility, a measure of the body’s ability to adapt to environmental stressors, LDL (−0.44 mmol/L; p = 0.002) and total cholesterol (−0.49 mmol/L; p < 0.0001) were reduced after the intervention. This study shows that a PSN program in a workforce improves lifestyle habits and reduces body weight, BMI and other health-related outcomes. Health improvement was most pronounced in the compromised phenotypic flexibility subgroup, which indicates that a PSN program may be effective in targeting behavior change in health-compromised target groups.
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22
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de Boer A. Fifteen Years of Regulating Nutrition and Health Claims in Europe: The Past, the Present and the Future. Nutrients 2021; 13:1725. [PMID: 34069664 PMCID: PMC8161257 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Suggestions that a food contains healthy ingredients or that it can provide beneficial effects upon consumption have been regulated in the EU since 2006. This paper describes the analysis of how this nutrition and health claim regulation has resulted in over 300 authorised claims and how the authorisation requirements and processes have affected the use of claims on foods. Five challenges are identified that negatively affect the current legislation dealing with nutrition and health claims: non-reviewed botanical claims (as well as on hold claims for infants and young children), the lack of nutrient profiles and the focus of claims on single ingredients, consumer understanding, research into health effects of nutrition and finally, enforcement. These challenges are shown to influence the goals of the regulation: protecting consumers from false and misleading claims and stimulating the development of a level playing field in the EU, to foster innovation. Tackling these political and scientific substantiation questions for health claims, together with continuously analysing the understanding and usage of claims by consumers and operators will ensure that the NHCR will stay effective, today and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alie de Boer
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Campus Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 5900 AA Venlo, The Netherlands
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23
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Erdős B, van Sloun B, Adriaens ME, O’Donovan SD, Langin D, Astrup A, Blaak EE, Arts ICW, van Riel NAW. Personalized computational model quantifies heterogeneity in postprandial responses to oral glucose challenge. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008852. [PMID: 33788828 PMCID: PMC8011733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma glucose and insulin responses following an oral glucose challenge are representative of glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, key indicators of type 2 diabetes mellitus pathophysiology. A large heterogeneity in individuals' challenge test responses has been shown to underlie the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention. Currently, this heterogeneity is overlooked due to a lack of methods to quantify the interconnected dynamics in the glucose and insulin time-courses. Here, a physiology-based mathematical model of the human glucose-insulin system is personalized to elucidate the heterogeneity in individuals' responses using a large population of overweight/obese individuals (n = 738) from the DIOGenes study. The personalized models are derived from population level models through a systematic parameter selection pipeline that may be generalized to other biological systems. The resulting personalized models showed a 4-5 fold decrease in discrepancy between measurements and model simulation compared to population level. The estimated model parameters capture relevant features of individuals' metabolic health such as gastric emptying, endogenous insulin secretion and insulin dependent glucose disposal into tissues, with the latter also showing a significant association with the Insulinogenic index and the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Erdős
- TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Sloun
- TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel E. Adriaens
- TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shauna D. O’Donovan
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen E. Blaak
- TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja C. W. Arts
- TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Natal A. W. van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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24
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Oosterman JE, Wopereis S, Kalsbeek A. The Circadian Clock, Shift Work, and Tissue-Specific Insulin Resistance. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5916887. [PMID: 33142318 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have become a global health concern. The prevalence of obesity and T2D is significantly higher in shift workers compared to people working regular hours. An accepted hypothesis is that the increased risk for metabolic health problems arises from aberrantly timed eating behavior, that is, eating out of synchrony with the biological clock. The biological clock is part of the internal circadian timing system, which controls not only the sleep/wake and feeding/fasting cycle, but also many metabolic processes in the body, including the timing of our eating behavior, and processes involved in glucose homeostasis. Rodent studies have shown that eating out of phase with the endogenous clock results in desynchronization between rhythms of the central and peripheral clock systems and between rhythms of different tissue clocks (eg, liver and muscle clock). Glucose homeostasis is a complex process that involves multiple organs. In the healthiest situation, functional rhythms of these organs are synchronized. We hypothesize that desynchronization between different metabolically active organs contributes to alterations in glucose homeostasis. Here we summarize the most recent information on desynchronization between organs due to shift work and shifted food intake patterns and introduce the concept of phenotypic flexibility, a validated test to assess the contribution of each organ to insulin resistance (IR) in humans. We propose this test as a way to provide further insight into the possible desynchronization between tissue clocks. Because different types of IR benefit from different therapeutic approaches, we also describe different chronotherapeutic strategies to promote synchrony within and between metabolically active organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanneke E Oosterman
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), HE Zeist, the Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), HE Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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25
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Pasman WJ, Memelink RG, de Vogel-Van den Bosch J, Begieneman MPV, van den Brink WJ, Weijs PJM, Wopereis S. Obese Older Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Muscle Insulin Resistance Benefit from an Enriched Protein Drink during Combined Lifestyle Intervention: The PROBE Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2979. [PMID: 33003389 PMCID: PMC7601009 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Recent research showed that subtypes of patients with type 2 diabetes may differ in response to lifestyle interventions based on their organ-specific insulin resistance (IR). (2) Methods: 123 Subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomized into 13-week lifestyle intervention, receiving either an enriched protein drink (protein+) or an isocaloric control drink (control). Before and after the intervention, anthropometrical and physiological data was collected. An oral glucose tolerance test was used to calculate indices representing organ insulin resistance (muscle, liver, and adipose tissue) and β-cell functioning. In 82 study-compliant subjects (per-protocol), we retrospectively examined the intervention effect in patients with muscle IR (MIR, n = 42) and without MIR (no-MIR, n = 40). (3) Results: Only in patients from the MIR subgroup that received protein+ drink, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, whole body, liver and adipose IR, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass improved versus control. Lifestyle intervention improved body weight and fat mass in both subgroups. Furthermore, for the MIR subgroup decreased systolic blood pressure and increased VO2peak and for the no-MIR subgroup, a decreased 2-h glucose concentration was found. (4) Conclusions: Enriched protein drink during combined lifestyle intervention seems to be especially effective on increasing muscle mass and improving insulin resistance in obese older, type 2 diabetes patients with muscle IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilrike J. Pasman
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (M.P.V.B.); (W.J.v.d.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Robert G. Memelink
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1067 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.G.M.); (P.J.M.W.)
| | | | - Mark P. V. Begieneman
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (M.P.V.B.); (W.J.v.d.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Willem J. van den Brink
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (M.P.V.B.); (W.J.v.d.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Peter J. M. Weijs
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1067 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.G.M.); (P.J.M.W.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (M.P.V.B.); (W.J.v.d.B.); (S.W.)
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26
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Postprandial glycemic response differed by early life nutritional exposure in a longitudinal cohort: a single- and multi-biomarker approach. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1973-1984. [PMID: 32970235 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Populations malnourished in early life are at increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases. We assessed if improved nutrition predicts cardiometabolic function, as assessed by postprandial biomarker responses. METHODS Participants had been randomized at the village level to receive one of two nutritional supplements as children. At mean age 44 y (range 37-53 years), we obtained plasma samples before and 2 h after a mixed-component meal challenge. We assayed biomarkers including lipids, glycemic measurements, and inflammatory cytokines. We compared postprandial biomarker responses among those who received the improved nutrition intervention from conception through to their second birthday (the first 1000 days) to those with other exposure status, including those who received the improved nutrition intervention at other ages, and those who received the less nutritious supplement. RESULTS Among 1027 participants (59.4% female), 22.9% were exposed to improved nutrition in the first 1000 days. Insulin increased the most in response to the meal challenge (over twofold), and non-esterified fatty acids decreased the most (by half). Glucose increased postprandial by 11.4% in the exposed group, compared with 15.7% in the other exposure group (p < 0.05), which remained significant after adjusting for confounders (- 4.7%; 95% confidence interval: - 9.3%, - 0.01%). Responses to the prandial challenges for the other biomarkers did not differ by intervention group (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Early life exposure to improved nutrition was associated with a more favorable postprandial glucose response in this population. We did not observe a difference in overall cardiometabolic responses between the exposure groups.
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27
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Dordevic AL, Coort SL, Evelo CT, Murgia C, Sinclair AJ, Bonham MP, Larsen AE, Gran P, Cameron-Smith D. Blunted nutrient-response pathways in adipose tissue following high fat meals in men with metabolic syndrome: A randomized postprandial transcriptomic study. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1355-1366. [PMID: 32928582 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive adipose tissue is central to disease burden posed by the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Whilst much is known of the altered transcriptomic regulation of adipose tissue under fasting conditions, little is known of the responses to high-fat meals. METHODS Nineteen middle-aged males (mean ± SD 52.0 ± 4.6 years), consumed two isocaloric high-fat, predominately dairy-based or soy-based, breakfast meals. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose biopsies were collected after overnight fast (0 h) and 4 h following each meal. Global gene expression profiling was performed by microarray (Illumina Human WG-6 v3). RESULTS In the fasted state, 13 genes were differently expressed between control and MetS adipose tissue (≥1.2 fold-difference, p < 0.05). In response to the meals, the control participants had widespread increases in genes related to cellular nutrient responses (≥1.2 fold-change, p < 0.05; 2444 & 2367 genes; dairy & soy, respectively). There was blunted response in the MetS group (≥1.2 fold-change, p < 0.05; 332 & 336 genes; dairy & soy, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In middle-aged males with MetS, a widespread suppression of the subcutaneous adipose tissue nutrient responsive gene expression suggests an inflexibility in the transcriptomic responsiveness to both high-fat meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Dordevic
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Susan L Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Metabolism in Translational Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Metabolism in Translational Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Chiara Murgia
- School of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J Sinclair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maxine P Bonham
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy E Larsen
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Petra Gran
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
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28
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Griffiths JC, De Vries J, McBurney MI, Wopereis S, Serttas S, Marsman DS. Measuring health promotion: translating science into policy. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:11-23. [PMID: 32852581 PMCID: PMC7497380 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Commonly, it is the end of life when our health is deteriorating, that many will make drastic lifestyle changes to improve their quality of life. However, it is increasingly recognized that bringing good health-promoting behaviors into practice as early in life as possible has the most significant impact across the maximal healthspan. The WHO has brought clarity to health promotion over the last fifteen years, always centering on language relating to a process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their physical, mental and social health. A good healthspan is not just freedom from morbidity and mortality, it is that joie de vivre ("joy of living") that should accompany every day of our lifespan. Therefore, health promotion includes not only the health sector, but also needs individual commitment to achieve that target of a healthspan aligned with the lifespan. This paper explores health promotion and health literacy, and how to design appropriate nutritional studies to characterize contributors to a positive health outcome, the role the human microbiome plays in promoting health and addressing and alleviating morbidity and diseases, and finally how to characterize phenotypic flexibility and a physiologic resilience that we must maintain as our structural and functional systems are bombarded with the insults and perturbations of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Griffiths
- Council for Responsible Nutrition-International, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Jan De Vries
- Nutrition in Transition Foundation, Gorssel, The Netherlands
| | - Michael I McBurney
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Research Group Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrechtseweg 48, NL-3704 HE, Zeist, The Netherlands
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29
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Wickramasinghe K, Mathers JC, Wopereis S, Marsman DS, Griffiths JC. From lifespan to healthspan: the role of nutrition in healthy ageing. J Nutr Sci 2020; 9:e33. [PMID: 33101660 PMCID: PMC7550962 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2020.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the globe, there has been a marked increase in longevity, but significant inequalities remain. These are exacerbated by inadequate access to proper nutrition and health care services and to reliable information to make the decisions related to nutrition and health care. Many in economically developing as well as developed societies are plagued with the double-burden of energy excess and undernutrition. This has resulted in mental and physical deterioration, increased non-communicable disease rates, lost productivity, increased medical costs and reduced quality of life. While adequate nutrition is fundamental to good health at all stages of the life course, the impact of diet on prolonging good quality of life during ageing remains unclear. For progress to continue, there is need for new and/or innovative approaches to promoting health as individuals age, as well as qualitative and quantitative biomarkers and other accepted tools that can measure improvements in physiological integrity throughout life. A framework for progress has been proposed by the World Health Organization in their Global Strategy and Action Plan on Ageing and Health. Here, we focused on the impact of nutrition within this framework, which takes a broad, person-centred emphasis on healthy ageing, stressing the need to better understand each individual's intrinsic capacity, their functional abilities at various life stages, and the impact of their mental, and physical health, as well as the environments they inhabit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kremlin Wickramasinghe
- WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD Office), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, UK
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Research Group Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, NL-3704 HE, The Netherlands
| | | | - James C. Griffiths
- International and Scientific Affairs, Council for Responsible Nutrition-International, Washington, DC20036, USA
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Tremblay-Franco M, Poupin N, Amiel A, Canlet C, Rémond D, Debrauwer L, Dardevet D, Jourdan F, Savary-Auzeloux I, Polakof S. Postprandial NMR-Based Metabolic Exchanges Reflect Impaired Phenotypic Flexibility across Splanchnic Organs in the Obese Yucatan Mini-Pig. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082442. [PMID: 32823827 PMCID: PMC7468879 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The postprandial period represents one of the most challenging phenomena in whole-body metabolism, and it can be used as a unique window to evaluate the phenotypic flexibility of an individual in response to a given meal, which can be done by measuring the resilience of the metabolome. However, this exploration of the metabolism has never been applied to the arteriovenous (AV) exploration of organs metabolism. Here, we applied an AV metabolomics strategy to evaluate the postprandial flexibility across the liver and the intestine of mini-pigs subjected to a high fat–high sucrose (HFHS) diet for 2 months. We identified for the first time a postprandial signature associated to the insulin resistance and obesity outcomes, and we showed that the splanchnic postprandial metabolome was considerably affected by the meal and the obesity condition. Most of the changes induced by obesity were observed in the exchanges across the liver, where the metabolism was reorganized to maintain whole body glucose homeostasis by routing glucose formed de novo from a large variety of substrates into glycogen. Furthermore, metabolites related to lipid handling and energy metabolism showed a blunted postprandial response in the obese animals across organs. Finally, some of our results reflect a loss of flexibility in response to the HFHS meal challenge in unsuspected metabolic pathways that must be further explored as potential new events involved in early obesity and the onset of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (C.C.); (L.D.); (F.J.)
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Poupin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (C.C.); (L.D.); (F.J.)
| | - Aurélien Amiel
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (C.C.); (L.D.); (F.J.)
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (C.C.); (L.D.); (F.J.)
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.R.); (D.D.); (I.S.-A.)
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (C.C.); (L.D.); (F.J.)
- Axiom Platform, MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.R.); (D.D.); (I.S.-A.)
| | - Fabien Jourdan
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France; (M.T.-F.); (N.P.); (A.A.); (C.C.); (L.D.); (F.J.)
| | - Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.R.); (D.D.); (I.S.-A.)
| | - Sergio Polakof
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.R.); (D.D.); (I.S.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-7362-4895; Fax: 33-(0)4-7362-4638
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Postprandial Metabolism is Impaired in Overweight Normoglycemic Young Adults without Family History of Diabetes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:353. [PMID: 31941993 PMCID: PMC6962374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While the risk factors for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are known, early predictive markers of transition from normal to a prediabetes state are unidentified. We studied the basal metabolism and metabolic response to a mixed-meal challenge in 110 healthy subjects in the age group of 18 to 40 years (Male:Female = 1:1); grouped into first degree relatives of patients with T2DM (n = 30), those with a body mass index >23 kg/m2 but <30 kg/m2 (n = 30), those with prediabetes (n = 20) and normal controls (n = 30). We performed an untargeted metabolomics analysis of plasma and related that with clinical and biochemical parameters, markers of inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. Similar to prediabetes subjects, overweight subjects had insulin resistance and significantly elevated levels of C-peptide, adiponectin and glucagon and lower level of ghrelin. Metabolites such as MG(22:2(13Z, 16Z)/0:0/0:0) and LysoPC (15:0) were reduced in overweight and prediabetes subjects. Insulin sensitivity was significantly lower in men. Fasting levels of uric acid, xanthine, and glycochenodeoxycholic-3-glucuronide were elevated in men. However, both lysophospholipids and antioxidant defense metabolites were higher in women. Impaired postprandial metabolism and insulin sensitivity in overweight normoglycemic young adults indicates a risk of developing hyperglycemia. Our results also indicate a higher risk of diabetes in young men.
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Abstract
Thanks to advances in modern medicine over the past century, the world’s population has experienced a marked increase in longevity. However, disparities exist that lead to groups with both shorter lifespan and significantly diminished health, especially in the aged. Unequal access to proper nutrition, healthcare services, and information to make informed health and nutrition decisions all contribute to these concerns. This in turn has hastened the ageing process in some and adversely affected others’ ability to age healthfully. Many in developing as well as developed societies are plagued with the dichotomy of simultaneous calorie excess and nutrient inadequacy. This has resulted in mental and physical deterioration, increased non-communicable disease rates, lost productivity and quality of life, and increased medical costs. While adequate nutrition is fundamental to good health, it remains unclear what impact various dietary interventions may have on improving healthspan and quality of life with age. With a rapidly ageing global population, there is an urgent need for innovative approaches to health promotion as individual’s age. Successful research, education, and interventions should include the development of both qualitative and quantitative biomarkers and other tools which can measure improvements in physiological integrity throughout life. Data-driven health policy shifts should be aimed at reducing the socio-economic inequalities that lead to premature ageing. A framework for progress has been proposed and published by the World Health Organization in its Global Strategy and Action Plan on Ageing and Health. This symposium focused on the impact of nutrition on this framework, stressing the need to better understand an individual’s balance of intrinsic capacity and functional abilities at various life stages, and the impact this balance has on their mental and physical health in the environments they inhabit.
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Coelho‐Landell CA, Salomão RG, Almada MORDV, Mathias MG, Toffano RBD, Hillesheim E, Barros TT, Camarneiro JM, Camelo‐Junior JS, Rosa JC, Izumi C, Czernisz É, Moco S, Kaput J, Monteiro JP. Metabo groups in response to micronutrient intervention: Pilot study. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:683-693. [PMID: 31993192 PMCID: PMC6977437 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients and their metabolites are cofactors in proteins involved in lipid metabolism. The present study was a subproject of the Harmonized Micronutrient Project (ClinTrials.gov # NCT01823744). Twenty participants were randomly selected from 136 children and adolescents that consumed a daily dose of 12 vitamins and 5 minerals supplementation for 6 weeks. The 20 individuals were divided into two pools of 10 individuals, according to their lipid profile at baseline (Pool 1 with lower triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL). The individuals were analyzed at baseline, after 6 weeks of daily supplementation, and after 6 weeks of a washout period in relation to anthropometric, body composition, food intake, lipid profile, micronutrient levels, and iTRAQ proteomic data. Genetic ancestry and its association with vitamin serum levels were also determined. After supplementation, LDL levels decreased while alpha-tocopherol and pantothenic acid levels increased in pool 2; lipid profiles in pool 1 did not change but had higher plasma levels of pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, and pyridoxic acid. In pool 2, expression of some proteins increased, and expression of other ones decreased after intervention, while in pool 1, the same proteins responded inversely or did not change their levels. Plasma alpha-tocopherol and Native American genetic ancestry explained a significant fraction of LDL plasma levels at baseline and in response to the intervention. After intervention, changes in expression of alpha-1 antitrypsin, haptoglobin, Ig alpha-1 chain C region, plasma protease C1 inhibitor, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1, fibrinogen alpha, beta, and gamma-chain in individuals in pool 2 may be associated with levels of LDL and vitamin E. Vitamin E and Native American genetic ancestry may also be implicated in changes of vitamin E and LDL levels. The results of this pilot study must be validated in future studies with larger sample size or in in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Almeida Coelho‐Landell
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health SciencesFaculty of Medicine of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Roberta Garcia Salomão
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health SciencesFaculty of Medicine of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Mariana Giaretta Mathias
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health SciencesFaculty of Medicine of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Roseli Borges Donega Toffano
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health SciencesFaculty of Medicine of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Elaine Hillesheim
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health SciencesFaculty of Medicine of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Tamiris Trevisan Barros
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health SciencesFaculty of Medicine of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Joyce Moraes Camarneiro
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health SciencesFaculty of Medicine of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - José Simon Camelo‐Junior
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health SciencesFaculty of Medicine of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Pathogenic BioagentsProtein Chemistry CenterMedical School of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoBrazil
| | - Clarice Izumi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Pathogenic BioagentsProtein Chemistry CenterMedical School of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoBrazil
| | - Érika Czernisz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Pathogenic BioagentsProtein Chemistry CenterMedical School of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoBrazil
| | - Sofia Moco
- Nestlé Institute of Health SciencesNestle ResearchEPFL Innovation ParkLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jim Kaput
- Nestlé Institute of Health SciencesNestle ResearchEPFL Innovation ParkLausanneSwitzerland
- Present address:
VydiantSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Jacqueline Pontes Monteiro
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Health SciencesFaculty of Medicine of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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Adams SH, Anthony JC, Carvajal R, Chae L, Khoo CSH, Latulippe ME, Matusheski NV, McClung HL, Rozga M, Schmid CH, Wopereis S, Yan W. Perspective: Guiding Principles for the Implementation of Personalized Nutrition Approaches That Benefit Health and Function. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:25-34. [PMID: 31504115 PMCID: PMC7442375 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized nutrition (PN) approaches have been shown to help drive behavior change and positively influence health outcomes. This has led to an increase in the development of commercially available PN programs, which utilize various forms of individual-level information to provide services and products for consumers. The lack of a well-accepted definition of PN or an established set of guiding principles for the implementation of PN creates barriers for establishing credibility and efficacy. To address these points, the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute convened a multidisciplinary panel. In this article, a definition for PN is proposed: "Personalized nutrition uses individual-specific information, founded in evidence-based science, to promote dietary behavior change that may result in measurable health benefits." In addition, 10 guiding principles for PN approaches are proposed: 1) define potential users and beneficiaries; 2) use validated diagnostic methods and measures; 3) maintain data quality and relevance; 4) derive data-driven recommendations from validated models and algorithms; 5) design PN studies around validated individual health or function needs and outcomes; 6) provide rigorous scientific evidence for an effect on health or function; 7) deliver user-friendly tools; 8) for healthy individuals, align with population-based recommendations; 9) communicate transparently about potential effects; and 10) protect individual data privacy and act responsibly. These principles are intended to establish a basis for responsible approaches to the evidence-based research and practice of PN and serve as an invitation for further public dialog. Several challenges were identified for PN to continue gaining acceptance, including defining the health-disease continuum, identification of biomarkers, changing regulatory landscapes, accessibility, and measuring success. Although PN approaches hold promise for public health in the future, further research is needed on the accuracy of dietary intake measurement, utilization and standardization of systems approaches, and application and communication of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | | | - Lee Chae
- Brightseed, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chor San H Khoo
- International Life Sciences Institute North America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marie E Latulippe
- International Life Sciences Institute North America, Washington, DC, USA,Address correspondence to MEL (e-mail: )
| | | | - Holly L McClung
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Mary Rozga
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Suzan Wopereis
- Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, Netherlands
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Hoevenaars FPM, Esser D, Schutte S, Priebe MG, Vonk RJ, van den Brink WJ, van der Kamp JW, Stroeve JHM, Afman LA, Wopereis S. Whole Grain Wheat Consumption Affects Postprandial Inflammatory Response in a Randomized Controlled Trial in Overweight and Obese Adults with Mild Hypercholesterolemia in the Graandioos Study. J Nutr 2019; 149:2133-2144. [PMID: 31504709 PMCID: PMC6887734 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole grain wheat (WGW) consumption is associated with health benefits in observational studies. However, WGW randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies show mixed effects. OBJECTIVES The health impact of WGW consumption was investigated by quantification of the body's resilience, which was defined as the "ability to adapt to a standardized challenge." METHODS A double-blind RCT was performed with overweight and obese (BMI: 25-35 kg/m2) men (n = 19) and postmenopausal women (n = 31) aged 45-70 y, with mildly elevated plasma total cholesterol (>5 mmol/L), who were randomly assigned to either 12-wk WGW (98 g/d) or refined wheat (RW). Before and after the intervention a standardized mixed-meal challenge was performed. Plasma samples were taken after overnight fasting and postprandially (30, 60, 120, and 240 min). Thirty-one biomarkers were quantified focusing on metabolism, liver, cardiovascular health, and inflammation. Linear mixed-models evaluated fasting compared with postprandial intervention effects. Health space models were used to evaluate intervention effects as composite markers representing resilience of inflammation, liver, and metabolism. RESULTS Postprandial biomarker changes related to liver showed decreased alanine aminotransferase by WGW (P = 0.03) and increased β-hydroxybutyrate (P = 0.001) response in RW. Postprandial changes related to inflammation showed increased C-reactive protein (P = 0.001), IL-6 (P = 0.02), IL-8 (P = 0.007), and decreased IL-1B (P = 0.0002) in RW and decreased C-reactive protein (P < 0.0001), serum amyloid A (P < 0.0001), IL-8 (P = 0.02), and IL-10 (P < 0.0001) in WGW. Health space visualization demonstrated diminished inflammatory (P < 0.01) and liver resilience (P < 0.01) by RW, whereas liver resilience was rejuvenated by WGW (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Twelve-week 98 g/d WGW consumption can promote liver and inflammatory resilience in overweight and obese subjects with mildly elevated plasma cholesterol. The health space approach appeared appropriate to evaluate intervention effects as composite markers. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02385149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke P M Hoevenaars
- TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Diederik Esser
- Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sophie Schutte
- Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marion G Priebe
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Center for Medical Biomics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Roel J Vonk
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Center for Medical Biomics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Johanna H M Stroeve
- TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Zeist, Netherlands
- Address correspondence to SW (e-mail: )
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van den Brink W, van Bilsen J, Salic K, Hoevenaars FPM, Verschuren L, Kleemann R, Bouwman J, Ronnett GV, van Ommen B, Wopereis S. Current and Future Nutritional Strategies to Modulate Inflammatory Dynamics in Metabolic Disorders. Front Nutr 2019; 6:129. [PMID: 31508422 PMCID: PMC6718105 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic disorders have a large impact on global health, especially in Western countries. An important hallmark of metabolic disorders is chronic low-grade inflammation. A key player in chronic low-grade inflammation is dysmetabolism, which is defined as the inability to keep homeostasis resulting in loss of lipid control, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Although often not yet detectable in the circulation, chronic low-grade inflammation can be present in one or multiple organs. The response to a metabolic challenge containing lipids may magnify dysfunctionalities at the tissue level, causing an overflow of inflammatory markers into the circulation and hence allow detection of early low-grade inflammation. Here, we summarize the evidence of successful application of metabolic challenge tests in type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and unhealthy aging. We also review how metabolic challenge tests have been successfully applied to evaluate nutritional intervention effects, including an "anti-inflammatory" mixture, dark chocolate, whole grain wheat and overfeeding. Additionally, we elaborate on future strategies to (re)gain inflammatory flexibility. Through epigenetic and metabolic regulation, the inflammatory response may be trained by regular mild and metabolic triggers, which can be understood from the perspective of trained immunity, hormesis and pro-resolution. New strategies to optimize dynamics of inflammation may become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem van den Brink
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van Bilsen
- Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Kanita Salic
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Femke P. M. Hoevenaars
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jildau Bouwman
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | | | - Ben van Ommen
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
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37
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van Bussel IPG, Fazelzadeh P, Frost GS, Rundle M, Afman LA. Measuring phenotypic flexibility by transcriptome time-course analyses during challenge tests before and after energy restriction. FASEB J 2019; 33:10280-10290. [PMID: 31238007 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900148r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic challenge tests may be a valuable tool to magnify the effects of diet on health. The use of transcriptomics enables a more extensive characterization of the effects of diet. The question remains whether transcriptome time-course analyses during challenge tests will deliver more information on the effect of diet than a static fasting measurement. A dietary intervention known to improve health is energy restriction (ER). Seventy-two healthy, overweight men and women aged 50-65 were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a mixed-meal test (MMT) before and after 12 wk of a 20% ER diet or control diet. Whole-genome gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed before and after the intervention. This was done during fasting, during the OGTT at 30, 60, and 120 min, and during the MMT at 60, 120, 240, and 360 min. Upon ER, the OGTT resulted in a faster and more pronounced down-regulation in gene expression of oxidative phosphorylation, cell adhesion, and DNA replication compared with the control. The MMT showed less-consistent effects. The OGTT combined with transcriptomics can be used to measure dynamic cellular adaptation upon an intervention that cannot be determined with a static fasting measurement.-Van Bussel, I. P. G., Fazelzadeh, P., Frost, G. S., Rundle, M., Afman, L. A. Measuring phenotypic flexibility by transcriptome time-course analyses during challenge tests before and after energy restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge P G van Bussel
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Parastoo Fazelzadeh
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gary S Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Milena Rundle
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Picó C, Serra F, Rodríguez AM, Keijer J, Palou A. Biomarkers of Nutrition and Health: New Tools for New Approaches. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1092. [PMID: 31100942 PMCID: PMC6567133 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A main challenge in nutritional studies is the valid and reliable assessment of food intake, as well as its effects on the body. Generally, food intake measurement is based on self-reported dietary intake questionnaires, which have inherent limitations. They can be overcome by the use of biomarkers, capable of objectively assessing food consumption without the bias of self-reported dietary assessment. Another major goal is to determine the biological effects of foods and their impact on health. Systems analysis of dynamic responses may help to identify biomarkers indicative of intake and effects on the body at the same time, possibly in relation to individuals' health/disease states. Such biomarkers could be used to quantify intake and validate intake questionnaires, analyse physiological or pathological responses to certain food components or diets, identify persons with specific dietary deficiency, provide information on inter-individual variations or help to formulate personalized dietary recommendations to achieve optimal health for particular phenotypes, currently referred as "precision nutrition." In this regard, holistic approaches using global analysis methods (omics approaches), capable of gathering high amounts of data, appear to be very useful to identify new biomarkers and to enhance our understanding of the role of food in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Ana María Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Cherry consumption out of season alters lipid and glucose homeostasis in normoweight and cafeteria-fed obese Fischer 344 rats. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 63:72-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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A plasma circulating miRNAs profile predicts type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes: from the CORDIOPREV study. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 30598522 PMCID: PMC6312530 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore whether changes in circulating levels of miRNAs according to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or prediabetes status could be used as biomarkers to evaluate the risk of developing the disease. The study included 462 patients without T2DM at baseline from the CORDIOPREV trial. After a median follow-up of 60 months, 107 of the subjects developed T2DM, 30 developed prediabetes, 223 maintained prediabetes and 78 remained disease-free. Plasma levels of four miRNAs related to insulin signaling and beta-cell function were measured by RT-PCR. We analyzed the relationship between miRNAs levels and insulin signaling and release indexes at baseline and after the follow-up period. The risk of developing disease based on tertiles (T1-T2-T3) of baseline miRNAs levels was evaluated by COX analysis. Thus, we observed higher miR-150 and miR-30a-5p and lower miR-15a and miR-375 baseline levels in subjects with T2DM than in disease-free subjects. Patients with high miR-150 and miR-30a-5p baseline levels had lower disposition index (p = 0.047 and p = 0.007, respectively). The higher risk of disease was associated with high levels (T3) of miR-150 and miR-30a-5p (HRT3-T1 = 4.218 and HRT3-T1 = 2.527, respectively) and low levels (T1) of miR-15a and miR-375 (HRT1-T3 = 3.269 and HRT1-T3 = 1.604, respectively). In conclusion, our study showed that deregulated plasma levels of miR-150, miR-30a-5p, miR-15a, and miR-375 were observed years before the onset of T2DM and pre-DM and could be used to evaluate the risk of developing the disease, which may improve prediction and prevention among individuals at high risk for T2DM. Tiny RNA molecules circulating in the blood could give early warning of type 2 diabetes risk. MicroRNAs help regulate the expression of other genes, and recent research has linked irregularities in these molecules to many different diseases. Researchers led by José López Miranda of the University of Córdoba in Spain monitored a cohort of 462 patients for several years to assess how plasma levels of certain microRNAs are deregulated before the onset and progression of diabetes. They observed a striking ‘signature’ of altered expression in four microRNAs for patients who developed diabetes over the course of the study. Intriguingly, patients with markedly elevated blood sugar—state known as prediabetes—exhibited a similar signature, but with more modest alteration in the gene expression levels, indicating that these microRNAs could help clinicians track and prevent disease onset.
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Kim Y, Kim KJ, Park SY, Lim Y, Kwon O, Lee JH, Kim JY. Differential responses of endothelial integrity upon the intake of microencapsulated garlic, tomato extract or a mixture: a single-intake, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Food Funct 2018; 9:5426-5435. [PMID: 30280751 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01431k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of microencapsulated garlic and/or tomato on endothelial dysfunction induced by the PhenFlex test (PFT) in healthy male smokers. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 41 healthy male smokers were randomly assigned to one of four groups to receive the test groups (in microencapsulated garlic powder, tomato extract and a mixture thereof) or the placebo group. Proteomic biomarkers related to endothelial integrity were measured in plasma. Microencapsulated garlic, tomato extract and the mixture affected endothelial integrity biomarkers differently. Garlic consumption increased prothrombin time and decreased SAA and IL-12. Tomato extract intake increased activated partial thrombin time and decreased d-dimer, SAA, sVCAM-1, IL-13 and MCP-3 levels. Consumption of the mixture increased sE-selectin and lowered D-dimer, SAA, IL-13 and IL-10 responses after PFT challenge for 6 h. The different responses became clearer under high compliance in the dietary restriction groups. This single-intake clinical trial addressed the different responses of biomarkers related to endothelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
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Fazelzadeh P, Hoefsloot HCJ, Hankemeier T, Most J, Kersten S, Blaak EE, Boekschoten M, van Duynhoven J. Global testing of shifts in metabolic phenotype. Metabolomics 2018; 14:139. [PMID: 30830386 PMCID: PMC6208751 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current metabolomics approaches to unravel impact of diet- or lifestyle induced phenotype variation and shifts predominantly deploy univariate or multivariate approaches, with a posteriori interpretation at pathway level. This however often provides only a fragmented view on the involved metabolic pathways. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the feasibility of using Goeman's global test (GGT) for assessment of variation and shifts in metabolic phenotype at the level of a priori defined pathways. METHODS Two intervention studies with identified phenotype variations and shifts were examined. In a weight loss (WL) intervention study obese subjects received a mixed meal challenge before and after WL. In a polyphenol (PP) intervention study obese subjects received a high fat mixed meal challenge (61E% fat) before and after a PP intervention. Plasma samples were obtained at fasting and during the postprandial response. Besides WL- and PP-induced phenotype shifts, also correlation of plasma metabolome with phenotype descriptors was assessed at pathway level. The plasma metabolome covered organic acids, amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines and oxylipins. RESULTS For the population of the WL study, GGT revealed that HOMA correlated with the fasting levels of the TCA cycle, BCAA catabolism, the lactate, arginine-proline and phenylalanine-tyrosine pathways. For the population of the PP study, HOMA correlated with fasting metabolite levels of TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation and phenylalanine-tyrosine pathways. These correlations were more pronounced for metabolic pathways in the fasting state, than during the postprandial response. The effect of the WL and PP intervention on a priori defined metabolic pathways, and correlation of pathways with insulin sensitivity as described by HOMA was in line with previous studies. CONCLUSION GGT confirmed earlier biological findings in a hypothesis led approach. A main advantage of GGT is that it provides a direct view on involvement of a priori defined pathways in phenotype shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Fazelzadeh
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub C J Hoefsloot
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division for Analytical Biosciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Most
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John van Duynhoven
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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Witkamp RF, van Norren K. Let thy food be thy medicine….when possible. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 836:102-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Menstrual cycle rhythmicity: metabolic patterns in healthy women. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14568. [PMID: 30275458 PMCID: PMC6167362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The menstrual cycle is an essential life rhythm governed by interacting levels of progesterone, estradiol, follicular stimulating, and luteinizing hormones. To study metabolic changes, biofluids were collected at four timepoints in the menstrual cycle from 34 healthy, premenopausal women. Serum hormones, urinary luteinizing hormone and self-reported menstrual cycle timing were used for a 5-phase cycle classification. Plasma and urine were analyzed using LC-MS and GC-MS for metabolomics and lipidomics; serum for clinical chemistries; and plasma for B vitamins using HPLC-FLD. Of 397 metabolites and micronutrients tested, 208 were significantly (p < 0.05) changed and 71 reached the FDR 0.20 threshold showing rhythmicity in neurotransmitter precursors, glutathione metabolism, the urea cycle, 4-pyridoxic acid, and 25-OH vitamin D. In total, 39 amino acids and derivatives and 18 lipid species decreased (FDR < 0.20) in the luteal phase, possibly indicative of an anabolic state during the progesterone peak and recovery during menstruation and the follicular phase. The reduced metabolite levels observed may represent a time of vulnerability to hormone related health issues such as PMS and PMDD, in the setting of a healthy, rhythmic state. These results provide a foundation for further research on cyclic differences in nutrient-related metabolites and may form the basis of novel nutrition strategies for women.
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45
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Smith RL, Soeters MR, Wüst RCI, Houtkooper RH. Metabolic Flexibility as an Adaptation to Energy Resources and Requirements in Health and Disease. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:489-517. [PMID: 29697773 PMCID: PMC6093334 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to efficiently adapt metabolism by substrate sensing, trafficking, storage, and utilization, dependent on availability and requirement, is known as metabolic flexibility. In this review, we discuss the breadth and depth of metabolic flexibility and its impact on health and disease. Metabolic flexibility is essential to maintain energy homeostasis in times of either caloric excess or caloric restriction, and in times of either low or high energy demand, such as during exercise. The liver, adipose tissue, and muscle govern systemic metabolic flexibility and manage nutrient sensing, uptake, transport, storage, and expenditure by communication via endocrine cues. At a molecular level, metabolic flexibility relies on the configuration of metabolic pathways, which are regulated by key metabolic enzymes and transcription factors, many of which interact closely with the mitochondria. Disrupted metabolic flexibility, or metabolic inflexibility, however, is associated with many pathological conditions including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Multiple factors such as dietary composition and feeding frequency, exercise training, and use of pharmacological compounds, influence metabolic flexibility and will be discussed here. Last, we outline important advances in metabolic flexibility research and discuss medical horizons and translational aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben L Smith
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten R Soeters
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob C I Wüst
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Fiamoncini J, Rundle M, Gibbons H, Thomas EL, Geillinger-Kästle K, Bunzel D, Trezzi JP, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Wopereis S, Wahrheit J, Kulling SE, Hiller K, Sonntag D, Ivanova D, van Ommen B, Frost G, Brennan L, Bell J, Daniel H. Plasma metabolome analysis identifies distinct human metabotypes in the postprandial state with different susceptibility to weight loss-mediated metabolic improvements. FASEB J 2018; 32:5447-5458. [PMID: 29718708 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800330r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Health has been defined as the capability of the organism to adapt to challenges. In this study, we tested to what extent comprehensively phenotyped individuals reveal differences in metabolic responses to a standardized mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) and how these responses change when individuals experience moderate weight loss. Metabolome analysis was used in 70 healthy individuals. with profiling of ∼300 plasma metabolites during an MMTT over 8 h. Multivariate analysis of plasma markers of fatty acid catabolism identified 2 distinct metabotype clusters (A and B). Individuals from metabotype B showed slower glucose clearance, had increased intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass and higher hepatic lipid levels when compared with individuals from metabotype A. An NMR-based urine analysis revealed that these individuals also to have a less healthy dietary pattern. After a weight loss of ∼5.6 kg over 12 wk, only the subjects from metabotype B showed positive changes in the glycemic response during the MMTT and in markers of metabolic diseases. Our study in healthy individuals demonstrates that more comprehensive phenotyping can reveal discrete metabotypes with different outcomes in a dietary intervention and that markers of lipid catabolism in plasma could allow early detection of the metabolic syndrome.-Fiamoncini, J., Rundle, M., Gibbons, H., Thomas, E. L., Geillinger-Kästle, K., Bunzel, D., Trezzi, J.-P., Kiselova-Kaneva, Y., Wopereis, S., Wahrheit, J., Kulling, S. E., Hiller, K., Sonntag, D., Ivanova, D., van Ommen, B., Frost, G., Brennan, L., Bell, J. Daniel, H. Plasma metabolome analysis identifies distinct human metabotypes in the postprandial state with different susceptibility to weight loss-mediated metabolic improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Milena Rundle
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Gibbons
- University College Dublin (UCD) School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Diana Bunzel
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Trezzi
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, Dudelange, Luxembourg.,Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, and Nutrigenomics, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Denise Sonntag
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, and Nutrigenomics, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Ben van Ommen
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- University College Dublin (UCD) School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jimmy Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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van Ommen B, Wopereis S, van Empelen P, van Keulen HM, Otten W, Kasteleyn M, Molema JJW, de Hoogh IM, Chavannes NH, Numans ME, Evers AWM, Pijl H. From Diabetes Care to Diabetes Cure-The Integration of Systems Biology, eHealth, and Behavioral Change. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 8:381. [PMID: 29403436 PMCID: PMC5786854 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
From a biological view, most of the processes involved in insulin resistance, which drives the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes, are reversible. This theoretically makes the disease reversible and curable by changing dietary habits and physical activity, particularly when adopted early in the disease process. Yet, this is not fully implemented and exploited in health care due to numerous obstacles. This article reviews the state of the art in all areas involved in a diabetes cure-focused therapy and discusses the scientific and technological advancements that need to be integrated into a systems approach sustainable lifestyle-based healthcare system and economy. The implementation of lifestyle as cure necessitates personalized and sustained lifestyle adaptations, which can only be established by a systems approach, including all relevant aspects (personalized diagnosis and diet, physical activity and stress management, self-empowerment, motivation, participation and health literacy, all facilitated by blended care and ehealth). Introduction of such a systems approach in type 2 diabetes therapy not only requires a concerted action of many stakeholders but also a change in healthcare economy, with new winners and losers. A "call for action" is put forward to actually initiate this transition. The solution provided for type 2 diabetes is translatable to other lifestyle-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben van Ommen
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Pepijn van Empelen
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Child Health, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hilde M. van Keulen
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Child Health, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wilma Otten
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Child Health, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marise Kasteleyn
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johanna J. W. Molema
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Work Health Technology, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Iris M. de Hoogh
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Niels H. Chavannes
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mattijs E. Numans
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Andrea W. M. Evers
- Department of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hanno Pijl
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden, Netherlands
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48
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Zanzer YC, Plaza M, Dougkas A, Turner C, Östman E. Black pepper-based beverage induced appetite-suppressing effects without altering postprandial glycaemia, gut and thyroid hormones or gastrointestinal well-being: a randomized crossover study in healthy subjects. Food Funct 2018; 9:2774-2786. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01715d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotropic effects of spices on health, particularly on glucose metabolism and energy regulation, deserve further clinical investigation into their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merichel Plaza
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Biology
- Environmental Sciences and Chemistry
- Universidad de Alcalá
| | - Anestis Dougkas
- Food for Health Science Centre
- Lund University
- Lund SE-22100
- Sweden
- Institute Paul Bocuse Research Centre
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis
- Lund University
- Lund SE-22100
- Sweden
| | - Elin Östman
- Food for Health Science Centre
- Lund University
- Lund SE-22100
- Sweden
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49
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Fazelzadeh P, Hangelbroek RWJ, Joris PJ, Schalkwijk CG, Esser D, Afman L, Hankemeier T, Jacobs DM, Mihaleva VV, Kersten S, van Duynhoven J, Boekschoten MV. Weight loss moderately affects the mixed meal challenge response of the plasma metabolome and transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in abdominally obese subjects. Metabolomics 2018; 14:46. [PMID: 29527144 PMCID: PMC5838115 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The response to dietary challenges has been proposed as a more accurate measure of metabolic health than static measurements performed in the fasted state. This has prompted many groups to explore the potential of dietary challenge tests for assessment of diet and lifestyle induced shifts in metabolic phenotype. OBJECTIVES We examined whether the response to a mixed-meal challenge could provide a readout for a weight loss (WL)-induced phenotype shift in abdominally obese male subjects. The underlying assumption of a mixed meal challenge is that it triggers all aspects of phenotypic flexibility and provokes a more prolonged insulin response, possibly allowing for better differentiation between individuals. METHODS Abdominally obese men (n = 29, BMI = 30.3 ± 2.4 kg/m2) received a mixed-meal challenge prior to and after an 8-week WL or no-WL control intervention. Lean subjects (n = 15, BMI = 23.0 ± 2.0 kg/m2) only received the mixed meal challenge at baseline to have a benchmark for WL-induced phenotype shifts. RESULTS Levels of several plasma metabolites were significantly different between lean and abdominally obese at baseline as well as during postprandial metabolic responses. Genes related to oxidative phosphorylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were expressed at higher levels in abdominally obese subjects as compared to lean subjects at fasting, which was partially reverted after WL. The impact of WL on the postprandial response was modest, both at the metabolic and gene expression level in PBMCs. CONCLUSION We conclude that mixed-meal challenges are not necessarily superior to measurements in the fasted state to assess metabolic health. Furthermore, the mechanisms accounting for the observed differences between lean and abdominally obese in the fasted state are different from those underlying the dissimilarity observed during the postprandial response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Fazelzadeh
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland W J Hangelbroek
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik Esser
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia Afman
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Doris M Jacobs
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Velitchka V Mihaleva
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John van Duynhoven
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Grimaldi KA, van Ommen B, Ordovas JM, Parnell LD, Mathers JC, Bendik I, Brennan L, Celis-Morales C, Cirillo E, Daniel H, de Kok B, El-Sohemy A, Fairweather-Tait SJ, Fallaize R, Fenech M, Ferguson LR, Gibney ER, Gibney M, Gjelstad IMF, Kaput J, Karlsen AS, Kolossa S, Lovegrove J, Macready AL, Marsaux CFM, Alfredo Martinez J, Milagro F, Navas-Carretero S, Roche HM, Saris WHM, Traczyk I, van Kranen H, Verschuren L, Virgili F, Weber P, Bouwman J. Proposed guidelines to evaluate scientific validity and evidence for genotype-based dietary advice. GENES & NUTRITION 2017; 12:35. [PMID: 29270237 PMCID: PMC5732517 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nutrigenetic research examines the effects of inter-individual differences in genotype on responses to nutrients and other food components, in the context of health and of nutrient requirements. A practical application of nutrigenetics is the use of personal genetic information to guide recommendations for dietary choices that are more efficacious at the individual or genetic subgroup level relative to generic dietary advice. Nutrigenetics is unregulated, with no defined standards, beyond some commercially adopted codes of practice. Only a few official nutrition-related professional bodies have embraced the subject, and, consequently, there is a lack of educational resources or guidance for implementation of the outcomes of nutrigenetic research. To avoid misuse and to protect the public, personalised nutrigenetic advice and information should be based on clear evidence of validity grounded in a careful and defensible interpretation of outcomes from nutrigenetic research studies. Evidence requirements are clearly stated and assessed within the context of state-of-the-art 'evidence-based nutrition'. We have developed and present here a draft framework that can be used to assess the strength of the evidence for scientific validity of nutrigenetic knowledge and whether 'actionable'. In addition, we propose that this framework be used as the basis for developing transparent and scientifically sound advice to the public based on nutrigenetic tests. We feel that although this area is still in its infancy, minimal guidelines are required. Though these guidelines are based on semi-quantitative data, they should stimulate debate on their utility. This framework will be revised biennially, as knowledge on the subject increases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jose M. Ordovas
- JMUSDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, USA
- IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laurence D. Parnell
- Agriculture Research Service, USDA, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL UK
| | - Igor Bendik
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL UK
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA UK
| | | | - Hannelore Daniel
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, 3rd Floor, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada
| | | | - Rosalind Fallaize
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP UK
| | - Michael Fenech
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Gate 13, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Lynnette R. Ferguson
- ACSRC and Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1184 New Zealand
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Mike Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Ingrid M. F. Gjelstad
- Department of Nutrition, Universitetet i Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jim Kaput
- Vydiant Inc, 2330 Gold Meadow Way, Gold River, 95670 CA USA
| | - Anette S. Karlsen
- Department of Nutrition, Universitetet i Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvia Kolossa
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Julie Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP UK
| | - Anna L. Macready
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP UK
| | - Cyril F. M. Marsaux
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermin Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Institute of Food and Health/UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wim H. M. Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Iwona Traczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty on Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henk van Kranen
- Institute for Public Health Genomics (IPHG), Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fabio Virgili
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, (CREA - AN), via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Weber
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
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