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Öberg S, Sandlund C, Westerlind B, Finkel D, Johansson L. The existing state of knowledge about sleep health in community-dwelling older persons - a scoping review. Ann Med 2024; 56:2353377. [PMID: 38767211 PMCID: PMC11107849 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2353377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is widely known that sleep disorders are a common problem among older persons. Few reviews have described current knowledge about the holistic concept of sleep health of community-dwelling older people. AIM This study aimed to describe the current state of knowledge and identify research gaps concerning sleep health among community-dwelling older persons. METHOD We conducted a scoping review. Searches were conducted in three databases (Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) to identify scientific articles including outcomes with all five sleep health dimensions (sleep duration, sleep continuity, timing, wakefulness/daytime sleepiness, and sleep quality) among community-dwelling older persons aged ≥65 years. Eight articles were included from a total of 1826 hits, with sample sizes between 1413 and 6485. RESULTS The sleep health outcomes of community-dwelling older adults differed between the sexes. Older persons with at least two or more poor sleep health dimensions might have increased risk for depression, higher healthcare costs and mortality, while self-reported better sleep health might be associated with lower odds of frailty. CONCLUSION Future research is needed to confirm the findings by investigating the multidimensional concept of sleep health in a general older population. The identified knowledge gaps are how persons ≥80 years' experience their sleep health, and how sleep medicine is prescribed to treat sleep problems in persons ≥80 years in different care contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Öberg
- Department of Nursing Science, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Christina Sandlund
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Björn Westerlind
- Department of Geriatrics, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
- School of Health and Welfare, Institute of Gerontology, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Deborah Finkel
- School of Health and Welfare, Institute of Gerontology, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern CA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lennarth Johansson
- School of Health and Welfare, Institute of Gerontology, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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Marquez-Doren F, Lucchini-Raies C, Alcayaga C, Bustamante C, González-Agüero M. Acceptability and feasibility of a comprehensive fall prevention model for independent older adults: A qualitative evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES ADVANCES 2024; 7:100220. [PMID: 39050690 PMCID: PMC11267027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Falls amongst the elderly represent a global public health challenge because of their potential to cause illness, death, and reduce the autonomy of this group. They also impact the emotional, family, social and economic well-being of those involved. Various strategies to prevent falls have been reported in the literature, focusing mainly on addressing individual risk factors, and on the continuous assessment of the risk of falls in older people. Objective This study evaluated user satisfaction and acceptability of a comprehensive model, implemented in the community, to prevent falls amongst independent older adults aged 65 years and above. It sought to capture both the perceptions of the individuals who received the intervention and of the interventionists who implemented it. The study protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov in November 2020 (ID: NCT04313062). Design Qualitative, exploratory study using a case study design. The evaluation of the intervention followed the recommendations proposed by the Medical Research Council for complex interventions. Methods and participants: In the period between April 2021 to April 2022, 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted with independent older adults between 65 and 80 years of age who participated in the implementation of the comprehensive model in Santiago, Chile. Data were also collected with eight interventionists through: three semi-structured interviews at the beginning of the intervention; and two focus groups with seven interventionists at the end of the implementation of the model. The team members undertook a content analysis of the data collected. Results Three themes emerged to account for the satisfaction and acceptability of the intervention with the model on the part of the participants and interventionists: (1) Previous experience of older persons and interventionists; (2) The older person-interventionist encounter and its context; and (3) Identification of facilitators, strengths and challenges for the implementation of the model. The results show a positive assessment of the model, highlighting the value of the social contact derived from the intervention by both participants and interventionists. Although the model involved an individual intervention, the participants' accounts indicate that it reached out to others, including family members and other elderly acquaintances. Moreover, the interventionists helped identify challenges in implementation and made recommendations to strengthen the model. Conclusion The evaluation of satisfaction and feasibility of implementing the model showed positive results that will nurture the next phase of development of this model, which involves scaling up the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Marquez-Doren
- School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Collaborating Center for the Development of Health and Nursing Services for the Care of Noncommunicable Diseases. PAHO/WHO. Sigma Chapter Alpha Beta Omicron, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Lucchini-Raies
- School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Collaborating Center for the Development of Health and Nursing Services for the Care of Noncommunicable Diseases. PAHO/WHO. Sigma Chapter Alpha Beta Omicron, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Alcayaga
- School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Collaborating Center for the Development of Health and Nursing Services for the Care of Noncommunicable Diseases. PAHO/WHO. Sigma Chapter Alpha Beta Omicron, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Bustamante
- School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Collaborating Center for the Development of Health and Nursing Services for the Care of Noncommunicable Diseases. PAHO/WHO. Sigma Chapter Alpha Beta Omicron, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela González-Agüero
- School of Nursing, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Collaborating Center for the Development of Health and Nursing Services for the Care of Noncommunicable Diseases. PAHO/WHO. Sigma Chapter Alpha Beta Omicron, Santiago, Chile
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Lee J, Seok JW. Predictors of older adults' health behaviours to prevent COVID-19 transmission: a multilevel analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083890. [PMID: 39260841 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-083890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While older adults showed higher mortality during COVID-19 pandemic, protective behaviours (knowledge regarding coping with COVID-19 symptoms and preventive behaviours) were highlighted to be important to prevent the spread of infection. This study aimed to identify individual and community-level variables influencing deficient knowledge regarding coping with COVID-19 and not-practicing COVID-19 of older adults during the pandemic. DESIGN This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study using the 2020 Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS). SETTING 255 community public health centres nationwide, South Korea. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Using 2020 KCHS data, multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted on 55 005 adults aged 65 years or older. RESULTS Older adults who reside alone, as opposed to with their spouse and who lack the support of another individual exhibited insufficient COVID-19 coping-related knowledge (OR: 1.142, p<0.001) and poor preventive behaviours (OR: 1.177, p<0.001). Furthermore, lower municipal social welfare budget levels were associated with worse health behaviours (OR: 0.062, p<0.001). Specifically, older adults living in rural areas were less likely to engage in COVID-19 preventive behaviours compared with those in urban areas (OR: 1.247, p<0.001). Additionally, the effectiveness of mass media as a motivating factor for adopting preventive measures was only significant in rural populations (OR: 0.944, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both individual-level and community-level approaches are necessary as an initial response during the pandemic. Since elderly people living alone with low socioeconomic status are vulnerable groups with poor health behaviours, it is helpful to provide social support on how to respond to infectious diseases and manage symptoms. In addition, it is important to expand the municipal social welfare budget to promote health equity between regions through appropriate health behaviour education and the strengthening of public medical services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Lee
- Department of Nursing, Dongnam Health University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo Woon Seok
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yang H, Han J, Wang J, Duan Y, Jiang J. Exploring the effects of combining health qigong and dance on working memory in middle-aged and elderly women: A preliminary investigation. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112515. [PMID: 38972493 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive decline represents a critical clinical and public health issue that adversely affects the quality of life for older patients and their families. This concern was exacerbated by the reduced engagement in outdoor activities among seniors during the COVID-19 pandemic, presenting substantial challenges to aging societies. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of health qigong combined with Tibetan dance on working memory in middle-aged and elderly women, and to determine its potential as a preventive strategy against cognitive disorders. METHODS A pilot study was conducted to compare the effects of a Health Qigong exercise intervention with those of everyday life and sports routines. The primary outcome measure was working memory assessed using a 2-Back working memory task research paradigm. Between July and September 2021, a total of 33 women were divided into four groups: two middle-aged groups (N = 18, with 8 women in the experimental group and 10 in the control group) and two elderly groups (N = 15, with 7 in the experimental group and 8 in the control group). Participants in the experimental groups underwent a 10-week intervention, consisting of three 60-min sessions per week. Each session included a warm-up, Health Qigong combined with Tibetan dance, and a cool-down. Throughout the study, all participants continued their daily routines. Response times and error rates were analyzed using a mixed-design repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS A simple effects analysis revealed that Health Qigong combined with Tibetan dance significantly enhanced 2-Back response time and error rate in the middle-aged group. In contrast, the 2-Back error rate significantly increased in the elderly control group that did not receive the intervention (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Health Qigong demonstrates beneficial effects on middle-aged and elderly women. Combining Health Qigong with dance may serve as a preventive measure against cognitive disorders. This pioneering study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, assesses the new possibility of Health Qigong and dance, with the objective to offer more diverse indoor exercise options for middle-aged and elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Chinese Exercise for Life Enhancement Division, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingyuan Han
- Chinese Exercise for Life Enhancement Division, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinxuan Wang
- Chinese Exercise for Life Enhancement Division, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongbin Duan
- Wushu Routine Teaching and Research Department, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingrong Jiang
- School of Art, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Shum ENY, Lau BHP, Cheung KSL, Chan CLW, Siu JCY, Luk JKH, Kwan JSK, Chan GMY, Pat LYC, Martin P. Multiple Roads to Success: A Latent Class Analysis on Successful Ageing Among Hong Kong Near-Centenarians and Centenarians (NCC). Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024; 99:152-178. [PMID: 37904549 DOI: 10.1177/00914150231208681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the oldest-old cohort being the fastest-growing population in most ageing societies, characterizing successful ageing in adults of advanced age, such as nonagenarians and centenarians, remains challenging. This study investigated the successful ageing subphenotypes using the data from Hong Kong Centenarian Study 2. Between April 2021 and September 2022, 146 family caregivers of community-dwelling older adults aged 95 or above were interviewed by phone. Latent class analysis identified three classes-Overall Frail (46.6%) with poor mobility, cognitive and functional health, Nonambulant (37.0%) but good functional health, and Robust (16.4%) with overall good health-from 11 indicators based on caregivers' reports. Although we found a low prevalence of fulfillment of all indicators of successful ageing, our findings will help care professionals appreciate the heterogeneity underlying partial successful ageing in this vulnerable cohort for segmented and targeted healthy longevity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ngai-Yin Shum
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bobo Hi-Po Lau
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Evidence-based Practice and Research (CIEBPR), Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen Siu-Lan Cheung
- Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Mindlink Research Centre, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cecilia Lai-Wan Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joey Chung-Yue Siu
- Felizberta Lo Padilla Tong School of Social Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong, China
| | - James Ka-Hay Luk
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Fung Yiu King Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Lian Ying-Chun Pat
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Martin
- Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Besselink D, Herber GCM, van der Lucht F, Sealy MJ, Krijnen WP, Jager-Wittenaar H, Finnema EJ. Evaluating changes in the well-being of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal cohort study. Eur J Public Health 2024:ckae130. [PMID: 39190888 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affected the lives of older adults. Yet, little is known about changes in well-being among older adults during the pandemic, especially when COVID-19 measures were relaxed. Therefore, we aimed to assess changes in the well-being of older adults during multiple turning points of the pandemic. This longitudinal study included data from Dutch older adults (≥65 years old) participating in the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort. Data consisted of seven questionnaires, administered every 2-4 months between May 2020 and October 2021. The outcomes were quality of life (n = 14 682), physical fitness (n = 14 761), and feelings of isolation (n = 14 611), all graded on a scale from 0 to 10. Changes in well-being were analysed by multivariable linear mixed-effects models. The context of measures was described using the Government Stringency Index. Quality of life and feelings of isolation decreased when measures were tightened and increased when measures were relaxed. For example, when measures relaxed after the first lockdown in May 2020, quality of life increased by 0.23 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.16-0.29] towards July 2020. Physical fitness decreased by 0.26 [95% CI: 0.15-0.37] during the study period. Differences between subsamples were not found, except for sex in feelings of isolation, which differences diminished after a period of relaxed measures. Changes in quality of life and feelings of isolation improved after periods of stringent COVID-19 measures. Physical fitness did not improve after measures were relaxed, suggesting a possible negative effect of the pandemic on the physical fitness of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djoeke Besselink
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- FAITH Research, Groningen/Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Regional Public Health Service, GGD Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Health Science-Nursing Science and Education, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrie-Cor M Herber
- Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fons van der Lucht
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- FAITH Research, Groningen/Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Centre for Public Health, Healthcare and Society, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martine J Sealy
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- FAITH Research, Groningen/Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim P Krijnen
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- FAITH Research, Groningen/Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Harriët Jager-Wittenaar
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- FAITH Research, Groningen/Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dietetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Unit Experimental Anatomy, Department Physiotherapy and Human Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evelyn J Finnema
- FAITH Research, Groningen/Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Health Science-Nursing Science and Education, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Group Living, Wellbeing and Care for Older People, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
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Gao Y, Burns R, Leach L, Chilver MR, Butterworth P. Examining the mental health services among people with mental disorders: a literature review. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:568. [PMID: 39164690 PMCID: PMC11334396 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are a significant contributor to disease burden. However, there is a large treatment gap for common mental disorders worldwide. This systematic review summarizes the factors associated with mental health service use. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science were searched for articles describing the predictors of and barriers to mental health service use among people with mental disorders from January 2012 to August 2023. The initial search yielded 3230 articles, 2366 remained after removing duplicates, and 237 studies remained after the title and abstract screening. In total, 40 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS Middle-aged participants, females, Caucasian ethnicity, and higher household income were more likely to access mental health services. The use of services was also associated with the severity of mental symptoms. The association between employment, marital status, and mental health services was inconclusive due to limited studies. High financial costs, lack of transportation, and scarcity of mental health services were structural factors found to be associated with lower rates of mental health service use. Attitudinal barriers, mental health stigma, and cultural beliefs also contributed to the lower rates of mental health service use. CONCLUSION This systematic review found that several socio-demographic characteristics were strongly associated with using mental health services. Policymakers and those providing mental health services can use this information to better understand and respond to inequalities in mental health service use and improve access to mental health treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Gao
- The National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Richard Burns
- The National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Liana Leach
- The National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Miranda R Chilver
- The National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Peter Butterworth
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Health, Economics, Wellbeing and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Meny A. Exploring the challenges of social participation during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia through an occupational therapy lens. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1417857. [PMID: 39220442 PMCID: PMC11363421 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1417857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To measure the social participation of people in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subject and methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among people in Saudi Arabia to measure their participation in social activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. A validated questionnaire of Social Participation Scale was used to collect data from five main regions in Saudi Arabia through social media platforms. Means, frequencies, and percentages were calculated through descriptive analysis. Mean scores and standard deviation of social participation of participants were also presented. Results The total number of participants was 1,560 including Saudi (87.3%) and non-Saudi (12.7%) nationals. Most participants (60.2%) were female. The age of participants ranged between 16 and 24 years old. Around 62.1% of participants were married, 63.2% were educated, 48.4 were employed and 82% were from the Eastern region. Around 72% of participants earned <10,000 riyals per month compared to those (27.3%) who earned <5,000 riyals per month. A total 72.7% of the participants have been diagnosed by COVID-19. The mean score of social participation was 47.81 (SD = 0.27). Most participants (62.7%) reported that social participation was severely restricted. Around 68.2% of the participants were quarantined at the facilities. Conclusion The social participation of people in Saudi Arabia had been severely restricted during the COVID-19 pandemic. An early assessment of people's social participation would help to identify their problems and needs, to help them improve their participation in social activities and thus increase their overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Meny
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Occupational Therapy Program, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Western Region, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Rossom R, Knowlton G, Yeh HH, Penfold R, Owen-Smith A, Hooker S, Simon G, Miller-Matero L, Akinyemi E, Ahmedani B. Psychotherapy Engagement Before and After a Rapid Transition to Telehealth During COVID-19 for Older Adults With Dementia. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241271922. [PMID: 39102577 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241271922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To understand the impact of the transition to telehealth during COVID-19 on psychotherapy visits for patients with dementia. Method: Retrospective study of older adults with dementia who had at least one psychotherapy visit in the 9 months before and after the onset of COVID-19 at 3 U.S. health systems. Care disruptions were gaps of 45+ days. Descriptive statistics and logistic mixed-effects models examined factors associated with care disruption. Results: 4953 patients with dementia made 19,902 psychotherapy visits. Gaps in psychotherapy were less frequent during COVID-19 (29.4%) than before (48.9%), with the odds of a patient experiencing a care disruption during COVID-19 0.54 times the odds prior to COVID-19 (95% CI: 0.50-0.59). Almost all patient subgroups had lower adjusted odds of care disruption during COVID-19. Discussion: There were fewer disruptions in psychotherapy care following the rapid shift to virtual care. Telehealth may be a viable option for patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hsueh-Han Yeh
- Henry Ford Health Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robert Penfold
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ashli Owen-Smith
- Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Gregory Simon
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa Miller-Matero
- Henry Ford Health Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Brian Ahmedani
- Henry Ford Health Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research, Detroit, MI, USA
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Macdonald M, Gallant A, Weeks L, Delahunty-Pike A, Moody E, Iduye D, Rothfus M, States C, Martin-Misener R, Ignaczak M, Caruso J, Simm J, Mayo A. Long-term care home residents' experiences with socially assistive technologies and the effectiveness of these technologies: a mixed methods systematic review. JBI Evid Synth 2024; 22:1410-1459. [PMID: 38910530 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-23-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this review were to determine the effectiveness of socially assistive technologies for improving depression, loneliness, and social interaction among residents of long-term care (LTC) homes, and to explore the experiences of residents of LTC homes with socially assistive technologies. INTRODUCTION Globally, the number of older adults (≥ 65 years) and the demand for LTC services are expected to increase over the next 30 years. Individuals within this population are at increased risk of experiencing depression, loneliness, and social isolation. The exploration of the extent to which socially assistive technologies may aid in improving loneliness and depression while supporting social interactions is essential to supporting a sustainable LTC sector. INCLUSION CRITERIA This mixed methods systematic review included studies on the experiences of older adults in LTC homes using socially assistive technologies, as well as studies on the effectiveness of these technologies for improving depression, loneliness, and social interaction. Older adults were defined as people 65 years of age and older. We considered studies examining socially assistive technologies, such as computers, smart phones, tablets, and associated applications. METHODS A JBI mixed methods convergent, segregated approach was used. CINAHL (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, APA PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), and Scopus databases were searched on January 18, 2022, to identify published studies. The search for unpublished studies and gray literature included ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, Google, and the websites of professional organizations associated with LTC. No language or geographical restrictions were placed on the search. Titles, abstracts, and full texts of included studies were screened by 2 reviewers independently. Included studies underwent quality appraisal and data extraction. Quantitative and qualitative data findings were analyzed separately and then integrated. Where possible, quantitative data were synthesized using comparative meta-analyses with a fixed-effects model. RESULTS From 12,536 records identified through the search, 14 studies were included. Quantitative (n=8), mixed methods (n=3), and qualitative (n=3) approaches were used in the included studies, with half (n=7) using quasi-experimental designs. All studies received moderate to high-quality appraisal scores. Comparative meta-analyses for depression and loneliness scores did not find any significant differences, and narrative findings were mixed. Qualitative meta-aggregation identified 1 synthesized finding (Matching technology functionality to user for enhanced well-being) derived from 2 categories (Enhanced sense of well-being, and Mismatch between technology and resident ability). CONCLUSIONS Residents' experiences with socially assistive technologies, such as videoconferencing, encourage a sense of well-being, although quantitative findings related to depression and loneliness reported mixed impact. Residents experienced physical and cognitive challenges in learning to use the technology and required assistance. Future work should consider the unique needs of older adults and LTC home residents in the design and use of socially assistive technologies. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021279015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Macdonald
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Allyson Gallant
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lori Weeks
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Elaine Moody
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Damilola Iduye
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Melissa Rothfus
- Kellogg Health Sciences Library, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Chelsa States
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ruth Martin-Misener
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Melissa Ignaczak
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health, NS, Canada
| | - Julie Caruso
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Janet Simm
- Northwood Corporate, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - Andrea Mayo
- Northwood Corporate, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Meisgeier A, Pienkohs S, Dürrschnabel F, Moosdorf L, Neff A. Epidemiologic Trends in Maxillofacial Trauma Surgery in Germany-Insights from the National DRG Database 2005-2022. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4438. [PMID: 39124705 PMCID: PMC11313596 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Maxillofacial trauma (MFT) caused by falls, interpersonal violence or traffic accidents leading to fractures of different facial regions, including the midface and the mandible, are common clinical conditions requiring open reduction and internal fixation. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and time trends in MFT-associated surgeries regarding different facial regions in the German healthcare system over time. Materials and methods: Nationwide data regarding the national diagnosis-related group (DRG) inpatient billing system was received from the German Federal Statistical Office for the years 2005-2022. We estimated the age-gender standardized incidence of MFT-associated procedures classified by the Operation and Procedure Classification System (OPS) and evaluated age- and gender-adjusted time trends using Poisson regression analysis. Results: The total standardized incidence rate of MFT-associated procedures in the observational period 2005-2022 was 25.1 (♀13.3; ♂37.5) per 100,000 person-years within a slight significant annual decrease of 0.5%. A significant increase in the incidence of MFT-related procedures within the observational period was found in older adults from 60 to 79 years (+55.1%; ♀+54.8%; ♂+56.3%) and elderly patients over 80 years (+66.7%; ♀+59.1%; ♂+85.1%). Other significant trends are decreases in MFT-related procedures performed in children from 0-14 years (-28.1%; ♀-30.3%; ♂-27.3%) and young adults between 15 and 35 years (-20.4%; ♀-7.3%; ♂-22.5%). Conclusions: MFT-associated surgery is a persisting challenge in the German healthcare system. There is an ongoing transition in MFT-associated surgeries from younger to older patients beyond the scope of demographic change, highlighting the increasing importance of interdisciplinary treatment of patients with pre-existing conditions in maxillofacial surgery. Implementation of injury prevention measures might be beneficial in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Meisgeier
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg and Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.P.); (F.D.); (A.N.)
| | - Simon Pienkohs
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg and Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.P.); (F.D.); (A.N.)
| | - Florian Dürrschnabel
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg and Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.P.); (F.D.); (A.N.)
| | - Laura Moosdorf
- Center for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg and Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Andreas Neff
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, UKGM GmbH, University Hospital Marburg and Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (S.P.); (F.D.); (A.N.)
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12
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Gutzeit J, Weiß M, Nürnberger C, Lemhöfer C, Appel KS, Pracht E, Reese JP, Lehmann C, Polidori MC, Hein G, Deckert J. Definitions and symptoms of the post-COVID syndrome: an updated systematic umbrella review. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01868-y. [PMID: 39052056 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) describes a persistent complex of symptoms following a COVID-19 episode, lasting at least 4 to 12 weeks, depending on the specific criteria used for its definition. It is often associated with moderate to severe impairments of daily life and represents a major burden for many people worldwide. However, especially during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, therapeutic and diagnostic uncertainties were prominent due to the novelty of the disease and non-specific definitions that overlooked functional deficits and lacked objective assessment. The present work comprehensively examines the status of PCS definitions as depicted in recent reviews and meta-analyses, alongside exploring associated symptoms and functional impairments. We searched the database Pubmed for reviews and meta-analysis evaluating PCS in the period between May 31, 2022, to December 31, 2023. Out of 95 studies, 33 were selected for inclusion in our analyses. Furthermore, we extended upon prior research by systematically recording the symptoms linked with PCS as identified in the studies. We found that fatigue, neurological complaints, and exercise intolerance were the most frequently reported symptoms. In conclusion, over the past eighteen months, there has been a notable increase in quantity and quality of research studies on PCS. However, there still remains a clear need for improvement, particularly with regard to the definition of the symptoms necessary for diagnosing this syndrome. Enhancing this aspect will render future research more comparable and precise, thereby advancing and understanding PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gutzeit
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Psychology III - Psychological Methods, Cognition, and Applied Research, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - M Weiß
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology I - Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Marcusstraße 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Nürnberger
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Lemhöfer
- Institute for Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - K S Appel
- Center for Internal Medicine, Medical Department 2 (Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Diseases), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - E Pracht
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J-P Reese
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Lehmann
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M C Polidori
- Aging Clinical Research, Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Herderstraße 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress- Responses in Aging- Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Hein
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Deckert
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
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Yu H, Alizadeh F. Ameliorative Effects of Television Watching Behavior and Motivation on the Fear of COVID-19 in Older Chinese Adults During the Pandemic. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:2631-2640. [PMID: 39006888 PMCID: PMC11246079 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s462085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the television (TV) consumption patterns (viewing behavior and motivation) of older adults in Wuhan, China, during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on older adults' mental health, particularly in relation to COVID-19-induced fear. Participants and Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted with 405 older adults in Wuhan, China. The data were analyzed using a structural equation model to understand the relationship between TV viewing behavior, motivation, and fear related to COVID-19. Results The findings indicate that the motivation to watch TV has a positive influence on viewing behavior among older adults during the pandemic. However, this motivation negatively impacts their COVID-19-related fear. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between viewing behavior and fear. The primary motivations for TV viewing among older adults during the pandemic were identified as social interaction and emotion management, followed by information seeking and value expression. Conclusion The findings suggest that TV viewing plays a significant role in the mental well-being of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. By addressing the motivations of social interaction, emotion management, information seeking, and value expression, public health organizations and TV stations can contribute to the mental health of this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Yu
- Department of Journalism, School of Humanities, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan City, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Farideh Alizadeh
- Department of Drama, Faculty of Creative Arts, University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Steiner LM, Tolotti A, Valcarenghi D, Balice-Bourgois C, Luca CE, Villa M, Liptrott SJ, Biegger A, Bonetti L. "You always think the worst …" Family members' experiences during the COVID-19 emergency: A qualitative descriptive study. Aust Crit Care 2024; 37:659-666. [PMID: 38176994 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of family members of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for COVID-19 during the first and second waves of the pandemic in Switzerland. DESIGN A qualitative descriptive approach was used in this study. METHODS Face-to-face in-depth semistructured interviews were used to explore the experiences of family members of surviving COVID-19 patients, who were admitted to the ICU. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and wereanalysed using Braun and Clarke thematic analysis. In our context, family visits were prohibited during the first and second waves of the pandemic. FINDINGS Fifteen family members participated. Interviews were conducted between October 2020 and March 2021. Data analysis identified three main themes: (i) becoming a pillar of support for all; (ii) dealing with uncertainty; and (iii) a trajectory of emotions. Five subthemes are reported within these themes. The primary concern was the need for information due to visitation restrictions. This led to stress as many became the main communication source for other family members and friends. Coping strategies to support the ongoing uncertainty included daily routines, work, and prayer. The inability to visit and the lack of information led to a range of conflicting emotions, such as feeling of helplessness, which were countered by the gratitude that their loved ones had survived. CONCLUSION This study highlights the profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the family members of ICU patients. It emphasises their struggle for information, adaptation to new roles, and coping mechanisms amidst uncertainty. Although they experienced predominantly negative emotions, the recovery and return of their loved ones triggered a sense of gratitude. This study sheds light on the crucial role of social support. Such findings may have implications for nursing practice in effectively addressing the concerns and priorities of family members in similar emergency situations, thereby improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maria Steiner
- Competence Centre of Nursing Research, Department of Nursing, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Viale Officina, 3, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Angela Tolotti
- Nursing Development and Research Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Gallino, 12, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Dario Valcarenghi
- Competence Centre of Nursing Research, Department of Nursing, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Viale Officina, 3, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Nursing Development and Research Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Gallino, 12, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Colette Balice-Bourgois
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Ospedale, 1, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Corina Elena Luca
- Nursing Development and Research Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Gallino, 12, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Regional Hospital of Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete, 46, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michele Villa
- Cardiocentro Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete, 48, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Jayne Liptrott
- Nursing Development and Research Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Gallino, 12, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Regional Hospital of Bellinzona e Valli, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Ospedale, 12, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Annette Biegger
- Nursing direction, Department of Nursing, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Loris Bonetti
- Competence Centre of Nursing Research, Department of Nursing, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Viale Officina, 3, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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15
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Fors Connolly F, Olofsson J, Josefsson M. Do reductions of daily activities mediate the relationship between COVID-19 restrictions and mental ill-health among older persons in Europe? Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:1058-1065. [PMID: 38353508 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2313726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has shown that daily activities are crucial for mental health among older people, and that such activities declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. While previous studies have confirmed a link between stringent restrictions and an increase in mental ill-health, the role of daily activities as a mediator in this relationship remains underexplored. We analyzed whether reductions in daily activities mediated the impact of these COVID-19 restrictions on mental ill-health during the pandemic's initial phase. METHODS We used data from Wave 8 SHARE Corona Survey covering 41,409 respondents from 25 European countries and Israel as well as data on COVID-19 restrictions from the Oxford Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT). Multilevel regression and multilevel-mediation analysis were used to examine the relationships between restrictions, daily activities and mental ill-health. RESULTS Reductions in walking and shopping showed a notably stronger association with increases in mental ill-health compared to social activities. Furthermore, declines in walking could account for about a quarter of the relationship between restrictions and increased mental ill-health, but the mediating effects of the other activates were negligible. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the essential role of maintaining daily activities, particularly walking, to mitigate the negative psychological effects of pandemic-related restrictions among older populations in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny Olofsson
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Josefsson
- Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Statistics, USBE, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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16
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Kojima K, Hirakawa Y, Yamanaka T, Hirahara S, Okochi J, Kuzuya M, Miura H. Challenges faced by older people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic as perceived by professionals: a qualitative study with interviews. Psychogeriatrics 2024; 24:854-860. [PMID: 38769462 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have highlighted a decline in the mental health of older adults over the course of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Few studies have determined the possible causes of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia during COVID-19 in a comprehensive manner. We aimed to identify the challenges faced by older adults with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study adopted a qualitative approach to understanding the perceptions of healthcare professionals, such as regarding the negative effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of people with dementia. Between January and March 2022, the authors conducted individual in-depth interviews on how COVID-19 affected the stress levels, care, and self-determination of people with dementia. Qualitative data from the individual interviews were data cleansed to ensure the clarity and readability of the transcripts. The qualitative data were then analyzed by inductive manual coding using a qualitative content analysis approach. The grouping process involved reading and comparing individual labels to cluster similar labels into categories and inductively formulate themes. RESULTS Qualitative analysis extracted 61 different semantic units that were duplicated. Seven categories were inductively extracted using a grouping process. These were further integrated to extract the following four themes: fear of personal protective equipment (PPE), loneliness, dissatisfaction with behavioural restrictions and limitations of video calls, and family interference with service use. DISCUSSION People with dementia often faced mental distress during the pandemic owing to preventive measures against COVID-19, and a lack of awareness and understanding of such preventive measures worsened their distress. They experienced a severe sense of social isolation and loneliness. Findings also indicated that families tended to ignore the needs of people with dementia and their decisions and opinions regarding healthcare service use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hirakawa
- Department of Health Research and Innovation, Aichi Comprehensive Health Science Center, Chita-gun, Japan
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamanaka
- Department of Home Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirahara
- Tokyo Fureai Medical Co-op Research & Education Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Okochi
- Geriatric Health Services Faculty Tatsumanosato, Daito, Japan
| | | | - Hisayuki Miura
- Department of Home Care and Regional Liaison Promotion, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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17
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Romeo DJ, Le T, Massenburg BB, Wu M, Ng JJ, Salinero LK, Akarapimand P, Liao EC, Rudofker A, Taylor JA, Magee L. Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Reveals High Rates of Suicidality in 602 Patients With Cleft and Craniofacial Conditions. J Craniofac Surg 2024; 35:1444-1448. [PMID: 38842329 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000010369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about rates of suicidal ideation and behavior among youth with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and other craniofacial conditions. METHODS Records of patients ages 6 and older who were administered the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Lifetime Version during routine multidisciplinary cleft or craniofacial team visits between 2019 and 2023 were examined. Demographics information, C-SSRS data, and diagnoses were assessed with statistics including t tests, the Fisher exact test, and odds ratios. RESULTS A total of 1140 C-SSRS questionnaires across 602 (433 CLP and 169 craniofacial) patients with an average age of 11.2±3.7 years were included. Eighty-four (13.6%) patients endorsed lifetime suicidal ideation, 9 (1.5%) had at least one instance of suicidal behavior, 30 (5.0%) endorsed nonsuicidal self-injury, and 2 (0.3%) engaged in self-injurious behavior. Compared with CLP, those with other craniofacial conditions had similar odds of endorsing suicidal ideation and behavior ( P ≥0.05). Compared with those with isolated cleft palates, CLP had greater odds of endorsing suicidal ideation and behavior, though those differences were not significant ( P ≥0.05). Incidence of suicidality was unchanged before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic ( P ≥0.05). Dividing patients by sex or insurance type revealed no difference in suicidality ( P ≥0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with CLP and craniofacial conditions have a high incidence of suicidal ideation and behavior, though levels are similar between these groups. Suicidality in these patients was not negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Early identification of safety risks and psychosocial challenges through regular screening can facilitate connection with appropriate clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J Romeo
- Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Oral Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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18
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Zhang R, Jiang Q, Cheng M, Rhim YT. The effect of smartphone addiction on adolescent health: the moderating effect of leisure physical activities. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2024; 37:23. [PMID: 38935180 PMCID: PMC11211296 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone addiction is a growing concern, especially among adolescents, due to its negative impact on health. This study examines how leisure physical activity influence this relationship. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and adolescent health, examining the mediating role of loneliness and the moderating effect of leisure physical activity. METHODS A survey of 1271 Chinese university students was conducted using the PAPS Health and Fitness Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale, and Leisure Time Exercise Scale. RESULTS Smartphone addiction negatively affects adolescent health. Loneliness mediates this relationship, while leisure physical activity moderates it. High levels of physical activity reduce the negative impact of loneliness on health (bsimple = -0.49, P < 0.001), whereas low levels enhance this impact (bsimple = -0.21, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION These research have practical implications for preventing and reducing smartphone addiction and offer a theoretical foundation for promoting healthier lifestyles among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | | | - Meichao Cheng
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yong-Taek Rhim
- Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea.
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Rusher A, Araka E, Ananthakrishnan AN, Ritchie C, Kochar B. IBD Is Like a Tree: Reflections From Older Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae139. [PMID: 38934627 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the growing proportion of older adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), their lived experience is not well understood. IBD literature is generally focused on younger adults, and few studies are qualitative. Older adults may report well-being differently than younger adults, so it is important that we learn about their goals and priorities with a chronic disease. OBJECTIVE The study sought to understand the lived experience of older adults with IBD and explore their perceptions and priorities. METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews with patients ≥60 years of age with IBD to evaluate the impact and perception of IBD in the context their overall health and life. We used a hybrid inductive-deductive thematic analysis of our transcripts to identify underlying patterns. RESULTS We achieved thematic saturation after 22 interviews. We produced 4 major themes: (1) having IBD at an older age, (2) financial ramifications of IBD at an older age, (3) expectations for a meaningful life, and (4) unmet needs. Prominent subthemes included (1) ageism, loss of autonomy, and barriers to healthcare; (2) retirement and insurance issues; (3) redefining quality of life and gratitude; and (4) social isolation and navigating daily life with IBD. CONCLUSIONS Having IBD later in life presents unique challenges. Physicians treating older patients should consider age-sensitive communication, susceptibility to social isolation, and practices for healthy aging in the context of IBD. Patient priorities for further investigation include more representation in the media and educational material tailored for older adults with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Rusher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Araka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Mongan Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Ritchie
- The Mongan Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Palliative Care and Geriatric Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bharati Kochar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Mongan Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Ekegren CL, Ayton D, Skouteris H, Soh SE. The Exercise Right for Active Ageing Study: Participation in Community-Based Exercise Classes by Older Australians During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Aging Phys Act 2024; 32:301-311. [PMID: 38194960 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with participation of community-dwelling older Australians (≥65 years) in the Exercise Right for Active Ageing program, consisting of 12 low- to moderate-intensity group exercise classes, delivered weekly, in person or online, by accredited exercise scientists and physiologists across Australia. Out of 6,949 participants recruited, 6,626 (95%) attended one or more classes and were included in the primary analysis, and 49% of participants attended all 12 classes. Factors associated with higher class attendance included participation in yoga/flexibility/mobility classes, attendance at a free trial class (adjusted incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.05 [1.03, 1.08]), and attending online classes (1.19 [1.11, 1.26]). Factors associated with lower class attendance included state of residence, living in inner regional areas (0.95 [0.93, 0.98]), and having two or more comorbidities (0.97 [0.95, 0.99]). High class attendance suggests that the Exercise Right for Active Ageing program was well received by older Australians, particularly in states less impacted by COVID-19 lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ekegren
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Darshini Ayton
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sze-Ee Soh
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia
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21
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Hussein M, Gallais F, Dégot T, Hirschi S, Leroux J, Riou M, Stauder J, Falcoz PE, Olland A, Kessler R, Renaud-Picard B. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lung transplant patients and on a cohort of patients with rare lung disease: A single-center study. Respir Med Res 2024; 85:101100. [PMID: 38657294 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2024.101100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, France underwent several lockdown periods during 2020. Our aim was to evaluate its clinical and social impact on lung transplant (LT) patients treated at Strasbourg University Hospital, by comparing three periods: first lockdown (T1: March-May 2020), end of the first lockdown (T2: May-October 2020), and second lockdown (T3: November-December 2020) and the incidence of COVID-19 infections. A cohort of patients with rare lung disease (RLD) was also studied during T2. METHODS We used clinical and paraclinical data collected during routine follow-up. A questionnaire was submitted to each patient at each period to assess their lifestyle, adherence to protective measures against COVID-19, contacts with their family and friends, and contagion risk. The incidence of new COVID-19 cases was also assessed. RESULTS Overall, 283 LT and 57 RLD patients were included. We observed only eight COVID-19 cases over the three periods (n = 4 during T1, n = 0 during T2, and n = 4 during T3) in LT patients, with 37.5 % of patients hospitalized, no ICU transfers, and 100 % favorable outcomes. No case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in the RLD cohort. When comparing the three periods in the LT group, fewer patients limited their out-of-home activities during T2 (p < 0.0001). The frequency of these activities increased after the first lockdown, for the purchase of basic necessities (p < 0.0001), and professional activity continued (p = 0.008). We observed a significant increase in unscheduled medical consultations and in the prescription of anti-infective treatments during the end of the lockdown (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.005, respectively). Adherence to lockdown and to protective measures was high in both groups of patients. CONCLUSION COVID-19 incidence remained low in both groups and there were significant lifestyle evolutions in LT patients and in those with RLD between first and second lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustapha Hussein
- Strasbourg Lung Transplant Program, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Floriane Gallais
- Laboratory of Virology, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tristan Dégot
- Strasbourg Lung Transplant Program, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandrine Hirschi
- Strasbourg Lung Transplant Program, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Justine Leroux
- Strasbourg Lung Transplant Program, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marianne Riou
- Strasbourg Lung Transplant Program, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Stauder
- Strasbourg Lung Transplant Program, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Falcoz
- Strasbourg Lung Transplant Program, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Olland
- Strasbourg Lung Transplant Program, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Romain Kessler
- Strasbourg Lung Transplant Program, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; INSERM UMR 1260 - Regenerative nanomedicine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benjamin Renaud-Picard
- Strasbourg Lung Transplant Program, Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; INSERM UMR 1260 - Regenerative nanomedicine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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22
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Lee H, Kim MK, Park HY, Park KH. Social Network Typologies and Digital Literacy Differences among Korean Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2024; 28:134-143. [PMID: 38383147 PMCID: PMC11217655 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.23.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study categorized older Korean adults' social networks and analyzed their characteristics and digital literacy differences based on type. METHODS We analyzed data from 9,377 Korean older adult participants of the 2020 National Survey of Older Koreans, and performed latent class analysis (LCA) chi-square and Welch's F analyses to understand the characteristics of each social network type. The Games-Howell post-hoc test was applied to determine the significance of differences between groups. RESULTS The three social network types derived using LCA were "child-centered," "child-friend," and "friend-centered." The digital literacy levels differed significantly according to social network type. CONCLUSION The results of this study can be used to propose intervention programs and services associated with older adults' social networks by examining their social network types and the corresponding differences in digital literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamin Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Kim
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hae Yean Park
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Park
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Baekseok University, Cheonan, Korea
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23
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Pergolotti M, Pisegna J, Chien LC, BrintzenhofeSzoc K, Kaur A, Battisti N, Canin B, Malone MV, Shahrokni A, Plotkin E, Boehmer LM, Ali I, Krok-Schoen JL. Healthcare providers' experiences of continuing care for older adults with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Cancer Surviv 2024; 18:1051-1058. [PMID: 36947288 PMCID: PMC10031692 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has caused great strain on older adults with cancer and their healthcare providers. This study explored healthcare providers' reported changes in cancer care, clinical barriers to care, patient questions, and the overall experiences of caring for older adults with cancer during the COVID-19 crisis. METHODS The Advocacy Committee of the Cancer and Aging Research Group and the Association of Community Cancer Centers developed a survey for healthcare providers of adults with cancer, inquiring about their experiences during the pandemic. Responses from the survey's four open-ended items were analyzed by four independent coders for identification of common themes using deductive and inductive methods. RESULTS Participants (n = 137) represented a variety of demographic and clinical experiences. Six overall themes emerged, including (1) telehealth use, (2) concerns for patient mental health, (3) patient physical and social isolation, (4) patient fear of contracting COVID-19, (5) continued disruptions to cancer care, and (6) patients seeking guidance, particularly regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Questions fielded by providers focused on the COVID-19 vaccination's safety and efficacy during older adults' cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS Additional resources (e.g., technology support, established care guidelines, and sufficient staffing) are needed to support older adults with cancer and healthcare providers during the pandemic. Future research should explore universally effective in-person and virtual treatment strategies for older adults with cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Persistence of telehealth barriers, particularly a lack of infrastructure to support telehealth visits, social isolation, and restrictive visitor policies as a result of COVID-19, negatively impacted the mental health of older adults with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzi Pergolotti
- ReVital Cancer Rehabilitation, Select Medical, Mechanicsburg, PA, USA
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Janell Pisegna
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System GRECC, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Anahat Kaur
- Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Armin Shahrokni
- Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune Township, NJ, USA
| | - Elana Plotkin
- Association of Community Cancer Centers, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Imran Ali
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica L Krok-Schoen
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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24
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Kim EJ, Byun M. Factors Affecting Adherence to Social Distancing among Adults Aged 19-44 Years: Insights from a Nationwide Survey during COVID-19 Pandemic. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:827. [PMID: 38793010 PMCID: PMC11122991 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Before COVID-19 vaccinations became available, adhering to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), like social distancing (SD), wearing masks, and hand hygiene, were crucial to mitigating viral spread. Many studies reported that younger individuals were more reluctant to follow these measures compared with older ones. We hypothesized that it would be worthwhile to find factors that influenced SD compliance among young people during the pre-vaccination phase of a pandemic. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data of adults aged 19-44 from the 2020 South Korean Community Health Survey and compared socio-demographic, health-related behavioral, and psychological factors between compliant and non-compliant cohorts. Results: A total of 59,943 participants were enrolled and we found that older age groups (30-39 and 40-44) and safety concerns (such as viral infection, virus-related death, economic damage, and transmitting virus to vulnerable people) were significantly associated with adherence to SD. Conversely, participants who were not living with a spouse, were unable to stay at home despite symptoms, smoked, drank, and had a negative attitude toward government policy statistically correlated with non-compliance. Conclusions: In times when NPIs were the primary defense against the pandemic, it is essential to identify factors that positively or negatively affect individual compliance with them, especially among young people. Using a large-scale, well-designed national survey, we could gain insights into the early recognition of risk factors for non-compliance and appropriate follow-up interventions (i.e., education campaigns, clear communication of public guidelines, and implementation of guidelines), which will help people to avoid suffering from other waves of future infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Seoil College, Seoul 02192, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mikyong Byun
- Department of Nursing, Deajeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 300716, Republic of Korea
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25
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Yamamoto T, Abbas H, Kanai M, Yokoyama T, Tabuchi T. Factors associated with smoking behaviour changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a 6-month follow-up study. Tob Control 2024; 33:287-294. [PMID: 37616062 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking behaviour may have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the April 2020 revised smoke-free policy and the high prevalence of heated tobacco product (HTP) use in Japan (10.9% in 2020). This study examined the association between these three events and smoking behaviour changes using 6-month follow-up data from before and during the pandemic. METHOD Using longitudinal data from an internet survey conducted in February 2020 (baseline) and follow-up in August to September 2020, prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for smoking behaviour changes (increase and quit) were calculated using multivariable Poisson regression with adjustments for potential covariates including three event-related five factors: fear of COVID-19, living in a COVID-19 endemic area, workplace smoking rules, self-imposed smoking rules at home and type of tobacco use (cigarette only/HTP only/dual use). A smoker who reported an increase in smoking intensity in the last month was defined as an increase. A smoker who had stopped both cigarettes and HTPs at follow-up was defined as a quit. RESULTS We analysed 1810 tobacco users (1448 males (80%); mean age 50.8 years±13.2 SD). At baseline, 930 participants used cigarettes only, 293 HTPs only and 587 both. While 214 (11.8%) users increased smoking intensity, 259 (14.3%) quit both tobacco products. Those who feared COVID-19 were less likely to quit (PR=0.77, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.95), while living in a COVID-19 endemic area was not associated with either smoking behaviour change. Workplace smoking rules were not associated with either smoking behaviour change, but those with no home smoking ban were less likely to quit. Compared with cigarette-only users, HTP-only users were more likely to quit (PR=1.57, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.11), while dual users were more likely to increase smoking intensity (PR=1.35, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.79). CONCLUSION During the pandemic, dual cigarette and HTP use increased smoking intensity, whereas HTP-only use was associated with quitting but fear of COVID-19 and not having a home smoking ban made it harder to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Yamamoto
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
| | - Hazem Abbas
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makiko Kanai
- Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yokoyama
- Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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26
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Aymerich C, Pedruzo B, Salazar de Pablo G, Olazabal N, Catalan A, González-Torres MÁ. Number and nature of psychiatric emergency department visits in a tertiary hospital before, during, and after coronavirus pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1380401. [PMID: 38699456 PMCID: PMC11063275 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1380401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted mental health globally, leading to a deterioration in the overall mental health of the population and changes across all healthcare levels, including emergency departments (ED). However, the evolution of the quantity and nature of psychiatric ED visits in the post-pandemic period remains uncertain. Aims To examine changes in the number and nature of psychiatric emergencies at a general hospital before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods Psychiatric ED visits from a tertiary hospital in the Basque Country (Spain) between January 2019 and November 2023 were investigated. Electronical health registers detailing the number and nature of psychiatric care consultations were analyzed for the study timeframe. Three periods were then compared: pre-pandemic (from January 2019 to February 2020), pandemic (from March 2020 to January 2022), and post-pandemic (from February 2022 onwards). Results 16,969 psychiatric ED visits were recorded for the study period. The number of psychiatric ED visits remained stable from pre-pandemic (269.93 visits/month) to pandemic (264.48 visits/month) periods but experienced a significant rise during the post-pandemic period (330.00 visits/month; t=-6.42; p<0.001), which was not reflected in medical and traumatological visits. The proportion of visits for anxiety (Z=-2.97; p=0.003), suicidal ideation (Z=-5.48; p<0.001), and administrative and social consultations (Z=-5.69; p<0.001) increased over the course of the pandemic. In contrast, visits for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (Z=4.85; p<0.001), as well as unspecified behavioral alterations (Z=2.51; p=0.012), significantly decreased. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath have altered the patterns of urgent psychiatric care, characterized by a sharp increase of average monthly number of consultations and a shift in their nature. Future efforts should focus on characterizing this surge in demand and enhancing both emergency services and outpatient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Aymerich
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, Bilbao, Spain
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Organización Sanitaria Integrada (OSI) Bilbao-Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Borja Pedruzo
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, Bilbao, Spain
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Organización Sanitaria Integrada (OSI) Bilbao-Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, South London and Maudsley, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nora Olazabal
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, Bilbao, Spain
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Organización Sanitaria Integrada (OSI) Bilbao-Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
- Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Catalan
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, Bilbao, Spain
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Organización Sanitaria Integrada (OSI) Bilbao-Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Ángel González-Torres
- Psychiatry Department, Basurto University Hospital, Osakidetza, Basque Health Service, Bilbao, Spain
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Organización Sanitaria Integrada (OSI) Bilbao-Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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Sakamoto D, Hamaguchi T, Nakayama Y, Hada T, Abo M. Upper-Limb Functional Recovery in Chronic Stroke Patients after COVID-19-Interrupted Rehabilitation: An Observational Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2212. [PMID: 38673485 PMCID: PMC11050468 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Upper-limb function of chronic stroke patients declined when outpatient rehabilitation was interrupted and outings restricted, owing to the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic. We investigated whether these patients recovered upper-limb function post-resumption of outpatient rehabilitation. Methods: In this observational study, 43 chronic stroke hemiparesis patients with impaired upper extremity function were scored for limb function via the Fugl-Meyer assessment of the upper extremity (FMA-UE) and the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) after a structured interview, evaluation, and intervention. Scores at 6 and 3 months pre- and 3 months post-rehabilitation interruption were examined retrospectively; scores immediately and at 3 and 6 months post-resumption of care were examined prospectively. The amount of change for each time period and an analysis of covariance were performed with time as a factor, changes in the FMA-UE and the ARAT scores as dependent variables, and statistical significance at 5%. Results: The time of evaluation significantly impacted the total score, as well as part C and part D of FMA-UE and total, pinch, and gross movement of the ARAT. Post-hoc tests showed that the magnitude of change in limb-function scores from immediately to 3 months post-resumption was significantly higher than the change from 3 months pre- to immediately post-interruption for the total score and part D of the FMA-UE, as well as grip and gross movement of the ARAT (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Upper-limb functional decline in chronic stroke patients, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic-related therapy interruption and outing restrictions, was resolved approximately 3 months post-resumption of rehabilitation therapy. Our data can serve as reference standards for planning and evaluating treatment for chronic stroke patients with inactivity-related impaired upper-limb function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Sakamoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine Hospital, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan;
- Department of Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Science, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama 343-8540, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hamaguchi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Science, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama 343-8540, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Nakayama
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Takuya Hada
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Masahiro Abo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.N.); (T.H.)
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28
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Guo C, Yuan D, Tang H, Hu X, Lei Y. Impact of a pandemic shock on unmet medical needs of middle-aged and older adults in 10 countries. BMJ Health Care Inform 2024; 31:e100865. [PMID: 38589212 PMCID: PMC11015184 DOI: 10.1136/bmjhci-2023-100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to explore the impact of the pandemic shock on the unmet medical needs of middle-aged and older adults worldwide. METHODS The COVID-19 pandemic starting in 2020 was used as a quasiexperiment. Exposure to the pandemic was defined based on an individual's context within the global pandemic. Data were obtained from the Integrated Values Surveys. A total of 11 932 middle-aged and older adults aged 45 years and above from 10 countries where the surveys conducted two times during 2011 and 2022 were analysed. We used logistic regression models with the difference-in-difference method to estimate the impact of pandemic exposure on unmet medical needs by comparing differences before and after the pandemic across areas with varying degrees of severity. RESULTS Among the 11 932 middle-aged and older adults, 3647 reported unmet medical needs, with a pooled unmet rate of 30.56% (95% CI: 29.74% to 31.40%). The pandemic significantly increased the risk of unmet medical needs among middle-aged and older adults (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.94 to 2.79). The deleterious effect of the pandemic on unmet medical needs was prevalent among middle-aged adults (2.53, 2.00 to 3.20) and older adults (2.00, 1.48 to 2.69), as well as among men (2.24, 1.74 to 2.90) and women (2.34, 1.82 to 3.03). The results remained robust in a series of sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that efforts should be made by policymakers and healthcare professionals to balance healthcare resources to adequately address the comprehensive healthcare demands of individuals regarding multiple health issues, taking into account the challenges posed by pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- APEC Health Science Academy, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dianqi Yuan
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huameng Tang
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyuan Hu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yiyang Lei
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
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29
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Jung JH, Park JH, Park KH. Comparison of lifestyle, cognitive function, mental health, and quality of life between hospitalized older adults with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 in South Korea: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:306. [PMID: 38565998 PMCID: PMC10986076 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly impacted older adults, resulting in many deaths. The impact of lifestyle and mental health on vulnerable groups, such as older adults, can be large and long lasting. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 confirmation on cognition, lifestyle, mental health, and quality of life in adults aged 55 years. METHODS The sample consisted of 111 people in the COVID group and 189 people in the non-COVID group aged over 55 years in South Korea. An online survey was conducted between January and May 2022. Participants responded to the following assessment tools: Yonsei Lifestyle Profile, Prospective and Retrospective Memory (PRMQ), Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire (SMCQ), Visual Analogue Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19 S), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF). Differences in lifestyle, cognition, depression, anxiety, and quality of life were compared between the two groups. RESULTS There were significant differences in physical activity, diet, the total score of the PRMQ, PM (a sub-score of the PRMQ), PHQ-9, Korean version of the ISI (ISI-K), and WHOQOL-BREF scores between the COVID and non-COVID groups. However, there were no significant differences in activity participation, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), or FCV-19 S between groups. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms that COVID-19 negatively affects memory, physical activity, diet, quality of life, depression, and insomnia in the older adults. Therefore, this study implicated that prevention and intervention strategies required improving the memory, lifestyle, and mental health of older adults with COVID-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Yonsei university in Korea (Registration number: 1041849-202112-SB-226-03, Date of registration: 01042022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyu Jung
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Gyeonggi Provincial Medical Center, Anseong, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyuk Park
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Park
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Baekseok University, Cheonan, Korea.
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30
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Jonsson F, Olofsson B, Söderberg S, Niklasson J. Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health in very old people in Sweden. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299098. [PMID: 38564616 PMCID: PMC10986980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, Sweden implemented social distancing measures to reduce infection rates. However, the recommendation meant to protect individuals particularly at risk may have had negative consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on very old Swedish peoples' mental health and factors associated with a decline in mental health. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among previous participants of the SilverMONICA (MONItoring of Trends and Determinants of CArdiovascular disease) study. Of 394 eligible participants, 257 (65.2%) agreed to participate. Of these, 250 individuals reported mental health impact from COVID-19. Structured telephone interviews were carried out during the spring of 2021. Data were analysed using the χ2 test, t-test, and binary logistic regression. RESULTS Of 250 individuals (mean age: 85.5 ± 3.3 years, 54.0% women), 75 (30.0%) reported a negative impact on mental health, while 175 (70.0%) reported either a positive impact (n = 4) or no impact at all (n = 171). In the binary logistic regression model, factors associated with a decline in mental health included loneliness (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) (3.87 [1.83-8.17]) and difficulty adhering to social distancing recommendations (5.10 [1.92-13.53]). High morale was associated with positive or no impact on mental health (0.37 [0.17-0.82]). CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of very old people reported a negative impact on mental health from the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily from loneliness and difficulty adhering to social distancing measures, while high morale seemed to be a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Jonsson
- Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Olofsson
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Orthopedics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Niklasson
- Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Arifwidodo SD, Chandrasiri O. Neighbourhood Walkability and Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:387. [PMID: 38673300 PMCID: PMC11050372 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated whether living in a walkable neighbourhood could mitigate the adverse effects of the lockdown and closure of public open spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity among adults in Bangkok, Thailand. We conducted a telephone survey with 579 respondents and collected information on their physical activity, access to green open spaces, neighbourhood walkability, and socioeconomic characteristics during the pandemic. Our study indicates that living in a walkable neighbourhood is associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in sufficient physical activity during the pandemic. Furthermore, we confirm the influence of socioeconomic factors and health behaviours on physical activity levels, aligning with previous research. Notably, our study highlights the significant association between access to green open spaces during lockdown and increased physical activity. These results underscore the importance of promoting walkable neighbourhoods and ensuring accessible green spaces to enhance physical activity and improve health outcomes during and beyond the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigit D. Arifwidodo
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak 10900, Thailand
| | - Orana Chandrasiri
- Activethai.org Research Center, Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University Chatuchak 10900, Thailand;
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Defrancesco M, Schurr TA, Hofer A. COVID-19 restrictions promoted the newly occurring loneliness in older people - a prospective study in a memory clinic population. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1340498. [PMID: 38528978 PMCID: PMC10961460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1340498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A high burden and many negative outcomes for older people were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Social isolation and loneliness are prevalent health problems impacting well-being and quality of life and may have increased due to pandemic-related restrictions. Methods: This study investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on loneliness in people visiting a mem40ory clinic between March 2020 and September 2022. We conducted a prospective, single-center, questionnaire-based observational follow-up study to assess potential predictors of newly occurring, pandemic-related loneliness. Next to a newly developed COVID-19 questionnaire, a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and the Geriatric Depression Scale were used. Results In total 426 people (mean age: 76.48 years, 12.9% cognitively intact, 33.1% diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment, 49.8% diagnosed with dementia, and 4.2% diagnosed with depression) completed the COVID-19 questionnaire at baseline and 166 at follow-up. Newly occurring loneliness was indicated by 22.3% of baseline participants and by 24.1% of follow-up participants. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that living alone (OR 5.452) and having less contact with friends (OR 2.771) were most predictive of the occurrence of loneliness. The use of digital communication media as an alternative strategy for social interaction was lowest in dementia patients (6-13%). Discussion In conclusion, personal contacts and a close friendship network appear to be more decisive to prevent loneliness in older people than does the use of digital communication media. However, promoting an intensified use of digital communication media may be useful to counteract loneliness, especially in dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Defrancesco
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Kuijpers TG, Gerkema MH, Engels G, Schipper M, Herber GCM. Physical Activity, Sleeping Problems, Weight, Feelings of Social Isolation, and Quality of Life of Older Adults After Coronavirus Infection: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Epidemiology 2024; 35:119-129. [PMID: 38290137 PMCID: PMC10826922 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is debate as to whether a coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) affects older adults' physical activity, sleeping problems, weight, feelings of social isolation, and quality of life (QoL). We investigated differences in these outcomes between older adults with and without coronavirus infection over 180 days following infection. METHODS We included 6789 older adults (65+) from the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort study who provided data between April 2020 and June 2021. Older adults (65+) with and without coronavirus infection were matched on sex, age, education, living situation, body mass index, smoking status, vulnerable health, time of infection, and precoronavirus health outcome. Weighted linear mixed models, adjusted for strictness of governmental policy measures, were used to compare health outcomes after infection between groups. RESULTS In total, 309 participants were tested positive for coronavirus. Eight days after infection, older adults with a coronavirus infection engaged in less physical activity, had more sleeping problems, weighed less, felt more socially isolated, and had a lower QoL than those without an infection. Differences in weight, feelings of social isolation, and QoL were absent after 90 days. However, differences in physical activity were still present at 90 days following infection and sleeping problems were present at 180 days. CONCLUSION Our findings found negative associations of coronavirus infection with all the examined outcomes, which for physical activity persisted for 90 days and sleeping problems for 180 days. Magnitudes of estimated effects on physical activity and sleeping problems remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Kuijpers
- From the Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje H. Gerkema
- From the Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gwenda Engels
- From the Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Schipper
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Modelling, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrie-Cor M. Herber
- From the Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Northwood M, Didyk N, Hogeveen S, Nova A, Kalles E, Heckman G. Integrating a Standardized Self-Report Tool into Geriatric Medicine Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study. Can J Aging 2024; 43:12-22. [PMID: 37503824 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980823000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Specialized geriatric services care for older adults (≥ 65 years of age) with dementia and other progressive neurological disorders, frailty, and mental health conditions were provided both virtually and in person during the pandemic. The objective of this study was to implement a software-enabled standardized self-report instrument - the interRAI Check-Up Self-Report - to remotely assess patients. A convergent, mixed-methods research design was employed. Staff found the instrument easy to use and the program-level metrics helpful for planning. Most patients urgently needed a geriatrician assessment (72%) and had moderate to severe cognitive (34%) and functional impairments (34%), depressive symptoms (53%), loneliness (57%), daily pain (32%), and distressed caregivers (46%). Implementation considerations include providing ongoing support and facilitating intersectoral collaboration. The Check Up enhanced the geriatric assessment process by creating a system to track all needs for immediate and future care at both the patient and program level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Northwood
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Didyk
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie Hogeveen
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Nova
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kalles
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - George Heckman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Shao M, Luo S, Qian H, Li X, Wei Z, Hong M, Wang J, Li X, Meng J. The relationship between autistic traits and the stress of social isolation: Development of an explanatory model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26082. [PMID: 38404812 PMCID: PMC10884416 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Social isolation can be particularly challenging for individuals with high autistic traits who struggle with social interactions. The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased isolation, exacerbating stress for those who may have difficulty in connecting with others. This study aimed to explore the relationship between autistic traits and stress associated with social isolation. Methods A sample of 1597 Chinese adults completed measures of autistic traits, the stress of social isolation, psychological inflexibility and core self-evaluation, during an epidemic prevention and control period of COVID-19 in Chongqing, China. Measures included the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, Coronavirus Stress Measure, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, and Core Self-Evaluation Scale. Results Autistic traits were positively correlated with the stress of social isolation, which was mediated by the chain effect of core self-evaluation and psychological inflexibility. individuals with high autistic traits reported significantly higher stress than individuals with low autistic traits. Limitations This was a cross-sectional study, which limits causal inference. In addition, data were self-reported, which may cause methodological effects. Finally, this study was conducted during China's quarantine policy and external validation of the findings is required. Conclusions Autistic traits are positively associated with the stress of social isolation. Autistic traits affected core self-evaluation first, and psychological inflexibility subsequently, leading to the stress of social isolation. individuals with high autistic traits tended to experience higher levels of stress during pandemic quarantines. The findings provide useful evidence for developing interventions and implementing preventive measures to reduce stress in individuals with high autistic traits and autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shao
- Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Luo
- Student Mental Health Education and Consultation Center, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiling Qian
- Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Basic Teaching Department, Shandong Water Conservancy Vocational College, Shandong, China
| | - Zilong Wei
- Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Hong
- Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyao Wang
- Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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Marcinow M, Cadel L, Birze A, Sandercock J, Baek J, Wodchis W, Guilcher SJT, Kuluski K. "I think we did the best that we could in the space:" A qualitative study exploring individuals' experiences with three unconventional environments for patients with a delayed hospital discharge. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297542. [PMID: 38412176 PMCID: PMC10898730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given growing hospital capacity pressures, persistent delayed discharges, and ongoing efforts to improve patient flow, the use of unconventional environments (newly created or repurposed areas for patient care) is becoming increasingly common. Despite this, little is known about individuals' experiences in providing or receiving care in these environments. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe the characteristics of three unconventional environments used to care for patients experiencing a delayed discharge, and (2) explore individuals' experiences with the three unconventional environments. METHODS This was a multi-method qualitative study of three unconventional environments in Ontario, Canada. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and observations. Participants included patients, caregivers, healthcare providers, and clinical managers who had experience with delayed discharges. In-person observations of two environments were conducted. Interviews were transcribed and notes from the observations were recorded. Data were coded and analyzed thematically. RESULTS Twenty-nine individuals participated. Three themes were identified for unconventional environments: (1) implications on the physical safety of patients; (2) implications on staffing models and continuity of care; and, (3) implications on team interactions and patient care. Participants discussed how the physical set-up of some unconventional spaces was not conducive to patient needs, especially those with cognitive impairment. Limited space made it difficult to maintain privacy and develop social relationships. However, the close proximity of team members allowed for more focused collaborations regarding patient care and contributed to staff fulfilment. A smaller, consistent care team and access to onsite physicians seemed to foster improved continuity of care. CONCLUSIONS There is potential to learn from multi-stakeholder perspectives in unconventional environments to improve experiences and optimize patient care. Key considerations include keeping hallways and patient rooms clear, having communal spaces for activities and socialization, co-locating team members to improve interactions and access to resources, and ensuring a consistent care team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Marcinow
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Cadel
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arija Birze
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane Sandercock
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Junhee Baek
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter Wodchis
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Sara J T Guilcher
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Kerry Kuluski
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
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Goto T, Kishimoto T, Fujiwara S, Shirayama Y, Ichikawa T. Social frailty as a predictor of all-cause mortality and functional disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3410. [PMID: 38341512 PMCID: PMC10858956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between social frailty and adverse health outcomes, especially mortality and functional disability, which are essential health outcomes, has not been systematically summarized or meta-analyzed. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of social frailty on all-cause mortality and functional disability, while addressing the components of social frailty. In this study, social frailty was operationally defined in alignment with the previous literature, as follows: "a state of increased vulnerability to the interactive back-and-forth of the community, including general resources, social resources, social behaviors, and needs." Hazard ratios or odds ratios described in each selected literature were used as the meta-analytic results. Considering the impact of social frailty on all-cause mortality, the hazard ratio was 1.96 (95% CI 1.20-3.19), indicating a significant association between the two but high heterogeneity. The hazard and odds ratios for the impact of social frailty on functional disability were 1.43 (95% CI 1.20-1.69) and 2.06 (95% CI 1.55-2.74), respectively. A significant association was found between social frailty and functional disability; both hazard and odds ratios were found, and low heterogeneity between these articles was observed. These results highlight the importance of assessing social frailty using more standardized methods and examining its effects on various health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Goto
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kishimoto
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiko Shirayama
- Department of Oral Health Science and Social Welfare, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ichikawa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
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Mollaesmaeili M, Hakimian P, Lak A. Perceived urban green spaces and youth mental health in the post-COVID-19 era. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1265682. [PMID: 38384876 PMCID: PMC10879616 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1265682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The urban green space (UGS) is one of the most significant urban spaces with unique visual and social features, including pleasant air, low noise, and vitality, making it a recreational place for citizens, especially the youth. According to previous studies, perceived green space and the interaction with it is associated with mental health and lower symptoms of anxiety and depression. Although the presence of urban and blue-green spaces in Isfahan has a long history, the UGSs have been out of reach, causing a significant impact on youth mental health due to the spread of COVID-19 and the forcing of the Iranian government to severe and long-term lockdown. This study investigates the relationship between the long-term isolation of youth and being away from UGSs on their mental health in Isfahan city. Methods In September 2022, the youth (n = 273) in 12 neighborhoods with similar socio-economic status were asked to answer the online questionnaire. To investigate the correlation between perceived UGS and the mental health of the youth, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is done. Results The results show that the perceived UGSs negatively relate to the youth's fear of the reoccurrence of COVID-19 infection, anxiety, and depression. Moreover, the model shows that perceived UGS has an inverse correlation with anxiety (β = -0.24, p = 0.00), and no meaningful correlation exists with depression. Discussion These results point to a practical solution for designing UDGs in residential areas for youth according to their benefits for mental health during the epidemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pantea Hakimian
- Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Lv X, Cai J, Li X, Wang X, Ma H, Heianza Y, Qi L, Zhou T. Body composition, lifestyle, and depression: a prospective study in the UK biobank. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:393. [PMID: 38321471 PMCID: PMC10848418 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been related to depression and adhering healthy lifestyle was beneficial to lower the risk of depression; however, little is known about the relationship between body composition and fat distribution with depression risk and the influence of body composition and fat distribution on the association of lifestyle and depression. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether body composition and fat distribution were associated with the adverse events of depression and the relationship between lifestyle and depression. METHODS We included 330,131 participants without depression at baseline in the UK Biobank (mean age, 56.9 years; 53.83% females). The assessment of depression was sourced from health outcomes across self-report, primary care, hospital inpatient data, and death data. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance. Seven lifestyles (no current smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, healthy diet, less sedentary behavior, healthy sleep pattern, and appropriate social connection) were used to generate a lifestyle score. RESULTS During a median of 11.7 years of follow-up, 7576 incident depression occurred. All the body composition measures were positively associated with depression risk, with the Hazard ratios (HR) for the uppermost tertile (T3) versus the lowest tertile (T1) ranging from 1.26 (95% CI: 1.15-1.39) for trunk fat-free mass (TFFM) to 1.78 (1.62-1.97) for leg fat percentage (LFP). In addition, we found significant interactions between fat mass-related indices, especially leg fat mass (LFM) (p = 1.65 × 10-9), and lifestyle score on the risk of depression, for which the beneficial associations of a healthy lifestyle with the risk of depression were more evident among participants with low body fat measurement. CONCLUSIONS High levels of body composition measures were associated with an increased depression risk. Adverse body composition measures may weaken the link between a healthy lifestyle and a reduced risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Lv
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No.66 Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518107
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No.66 Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518107
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1724, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1724, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hao Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1724, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1724, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1724, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No.66 Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, 518107.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 1724, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Peixoto VGMNP, Facci LA, Barbalho TCS, Souza RN, Duarte AM, Almondes KM. The context of COVID-19 affected the long-term sleep quality of older adults more than SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1305945. [PMID: 38380125 PMCID: PMC10877719 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1305945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep problems are one of the most persistent symptoms of post-COVID syndrome in adults. However, most recent research on sleep quality has relied on the impact of the pandemic, with scarcely any data for older adults on the long-term consequences of COVID infection. This study aims to understand whether older individuals present persistently impaired sleep quality after COVID-19 infection and possible moderators for this outcome. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of a longitudinal cohort study with 70 elders with 6-month-previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and 153 controls. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality; Geriatric Depression Scale and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory for screening depression and anxiety. Demographics and comorbid conditions were collected. Results The mean age of participants was 66,97 ± 4,64 years. There were no statistical differences in depression and anxiety between groups. Poor sleep quality was found in 52,9% and 43,8% of the COVID and control groups (p=.208). After controlling for multiple variables, all the following factors resulted in greater chances of poor sleep quality: female gender (OR, 2.12; p=.027), memory complaints (OR, 2.49; p=.074), insomnia (OR, 3.66; p=.032), anxiety (OR, 5.46; p<.001), depression (OR, 7.26; p=.001), joint disease (OR, 1.80; p=.050), glucose intolerance (OR, 2.20; p=.045), psychoactive drugs (OR, 8.36; p<.001), diuretics (OR, 2.46; p=.034), and polypharmacy (OR, 2.84; p=.016). Conclusion Psychosocial burden in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and pre-existing conditions seems to influence the sleep quality of older adults more than SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Giffoni M. N. P. Peixoto
- Post-graduation Program in Psychobiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Lucas Alves Facci
- Department of Clinical Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Thiago C. S. Barbalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Alice Mendes Duarte
- Department of Clinical Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Katie Moraes Almondes
- Post-graduation Program in Psychobiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Lam MI, Cai H, Chen P, Lok KI, Chow IHI, Si TL, Su Z, Ng CH, An FR, Xiang YT. The Inter-Relationships Between Depressive Symptoms and Suicidality Among Macau Residents After the "Relatively Static Management" COVID-19 Strategy: A Perspective of Network Analysis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:195-209. [PMID: 38333613 PMCID: PMC10850988 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s451031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Suicidality is a global public health problem which has increased considerably during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study examined the inter-relationships between depressive symptoms and suicidality using network analysis among Macau residents after the "relatively static management" COVID-19 strategy. Methods An assessment of suicidal ideation (SI), suicide plan (SP), suicide attempt (SA) and depressive symptoms was conducted with the use of individual binary response items (yes/no) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). In the network analysis, central and bridge symptoms were identified in the network through "Expected Influence" and "Bridge Expected Influence", and specific symptoms that were directly associated with suicidality were identified via the flow function. Network Comparison Tests (NCT) were conducted to examine the gender differences in network characteristics. Results The study sample included a total of 1008 Macau residents. The prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidality were 62.50% (95% CI = 59.4-65.5%) and 8.9% (95% CI = 7.2-10.9%), respectively. A network analysis of the sample identified SI ("Suicidal ideation") as the most central symptom, followed by SP ("Suicide plan") and PHQ4 ("Fatigue"). SI ("Suicidal ideation") and PHQ6 ("Guilt") were bridge nodes connecting depressive symptoms and suicidality. A flow network revealed that the strongest connection was between S ("Suicidality") and PHQ6 ("Guilt"), followed by S ("Suicidality") and PHQ 7 ("Concentration"), and S ("Suicidality") and PHQ3 ("Sleep"). Conclusion The findings indicated that reduction of specific depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts may be relevant in decreasing suicidality among adults. Further, suicide assessment and prevention measures should address the central and bridge symptoms identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ieng Lam
- Education Department, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macau SAR, People’s Republic of China
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Cai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ka-In Lok
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ines Hang Iao Chow
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Leong Si
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Feng-Rong An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, People’s Republic of China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Seehuus M, Fertig M, Handy AB, Clifton J, Stanton AM. The impact of COVID-19 and long COVID on sexual function in cisgender women. J Sex Med 2024; 21:129-144. [PMID: 38055615 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that COVID-19 impairs sexual function in men, but little is known about the impact of COVID-19 (or long COVID) on sexual function in women. AIM We sought to compare the sexual function of cisgender women who had never had COVID-19, who had COVID-19 but not long COVID, and who had long COVID, and assessed whether long COVID symptoms and/or emotional distress mediate the relationship between COVID-19 history and sexual function. METHODS In total, 2329 adult cisgender women were recruited online as study participants. Half of these women reported having had COVID-19, and the other half reported never having had COVID-19. Of those who had COVID-19, 25% (n = 170) reported having long COVID. We compared the mean Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores by using t-tests for each of the primary comparison categories (never COVID vs COVID and only COVID vs long COVID). Four path models were used to test the hypotheses that (1) long COVID symptoms or (2) depression, anxiety, and/or stress assessed with the subscales of the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) mediated the relationship between COVID-19 and sexual function. OUTCOMES Sexual function was measured with the FSFI, long COVID symptoms were assessed using the Centers for Disease Control working symptom set, and emotional distress was measured with the DASS-21. RESULTS In total, 1313 participants provided data suitable for analysis. The never-COVID group (n = 645, 49.1%) had higher scores on the Desire, Arousal, Lubrication, and Satisfaction subscales of the FSFI (mean [M] [SD] FSFI total Mnever COVID = 27.98 [4.84] vs MCOVID = 27.05 [5.21]) than the combined only-COVID (n = 498, 37.9%) and long-COVID (n = 170, 12.9%) groups. The FSFI subscale scores were significantly higher in the only-COVID group than in the long-COVID group for the Arousal, Lubrication, and Orgasm and lower for the Pain subscales and higher for overall sexual function (FSFI total Monly COVID = 27.49 [5.00] vs Mlong COVID = 25.77 [5.61]. None of the proposed mediation models had adequate model fit. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinicians treating cisgender women who have COVID-19 should consider proactively discussing sexual function with their patients and offering available resources. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS In this study we used a large and diverse sample, but this sample did not include transgender or gender-diverse persons. This study was also correlational; as such, causal conclusions cannot be drawn. Further, the mechanism of action remains unexplained. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest the following: (1) COVID-19 infection is associated with impaired sexual function in cisgender women, and (2) that women with long COVID experienced incrementally more impaired sexual function than women with COVID-19 who did not develop long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Seehuus
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
- Vermont Psychological Services, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Madison Fertig
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Jessica Clifton
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Parhelia Wellness, Santa Rosa, CA, United States
| | - Amelia M Stanton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Fenway Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Sen K, Laheji N, Ramamonjiarivelo Z, Renick C, Osborne R, Beauvais B. Examining the Effect of Contactless Intergenerational Befriending Intervention on Social Isolation Among Older Adults and Students' Attitude Toward Companionship: Content Analysis. JMIR Aging 2024; 7:e47908. [PMID: 38175944 PMCID: PMC10865196 DOI: 10.2196/47908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intergenerational friendship, a mechanism of social support, is an effective intervention to reduce the increasing risk of social isolation (SI) and develop companionship in the older adult population. The COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to examine the psychosocial intervention of befriending via technology use as a primary form of contactless socialization. OBJECTIVE The study aims to explore the effectiveness of the befriending intervention through a contactless, intergenerational service-learning project on older adult emotions, especially boredom and loneliness as the key attributes of SI, and on students' attitude toward companionship. METHODS During the months of January to April 2022 , undergraduate students enrolled in a health administration course with a special focus on culture were asked to be involved in a contactless, intergenerational service-learning project (n=46). In this study, contactless intervention meant communication using the telephone and apps such as FaceTime and Zoom. Students were paired with older adults to have at least a 30-minute weekly conversation, for 8 weeks, via telephone or an internet-based app such as FaceTime. Students were asked to write a half-page diary after each interaction and a 1-page reflection at the end of the fourth week and at the end of the service-learning project. At the completion of the project, the researchers also surveyed the older adults to assess the impact of the project using a 5-item open-ended questionnaire. Following a heuristic approach and content analysis, student artifacts (110,970 words; 118-page, single-spaced Microsoft Word document) and the older adult surveys were analyzed using MAXQDA, (VERBI GmbH). Qualitative data were extracted to assess the impact of service learning on SI by measuring the attributes of boredom and loneliness among 46 older adults. Students' attitudes toward companionship were also assessed using data from their diaries and reflections. RESULTS Overall, three major constructs were identified: (1) meaningful engagement, defined as feeling safe, having increased confidence, and having reduced boredom; (2) internal motivation to participate in the weekly interaction, defined as discussion about daily life experience, level of happiness, and ability to exert personal control over the situation; and (3) intergenerational befriending, defined as perceived benefits from the friendly nature of the interaction, ability to comfortably connect with students, and positive feeling and attitude toward the student. CONCLUSIONS The contactless, intergenerational befriending intervention reduced boredom and loneliness among older adults and enhanced positive attitude and confidence among university students. Students helped older adults to develop digital skills for the use of apps and social media. Older adults showed interest in the intervention and shared their daily life experiences with the students, which helped to reduce the gap between generations. Findings indicate the effectiveness of an intergenerational service-learning intervention on SI reduction and increased positive attitude among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keya Sen
- School of Health Administration, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Nida Laheji
- School of Health Administration, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Zo Ramamonjiarivelo
- School of Health Administration, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Cecil Renick
- School of Health Administration, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Randall Osborne
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Brad Beauvais
- School of Health Administration, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
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Nery GB, de Araujo CAR, da Silva GB, Bittar H, Bordallo VP, Amaral JB, Hardt M, Marti L, Birbrair A, Jimenez M, Bastos MF, Nali LHS, Longo PL, Laurentino GC, Bachi ALL, Heller D. Impact of social distancing from the COVID-19 pandemic on the immuno-inflammatory response of older adults. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:99. [PMID: 38273281 PMCID: PMC10811891 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults, as the population considered at increased risk for severe COVID-19, were the most impacted by social isolation. Thus, this study aimed to assess the salivary immune/inflammatory response of older adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cohort of 11 older adults (mean age 66.8 ± 6.1) was followed at three different time points: before (S1) and after 6 (S2) and 20 months (S3) of the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Unstimulated saliva samples were obtained to assess the levels of antibodies (secretory IgA, IgG and IgM) by ELISA and cytokines (IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, TSLP, IFN-γ, TNF-α) by multiplex analysis. Significant differences were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post-test. RESULTS None volunteer presented periodontal disease or caries. All volunteers received at least two doses of the COVID-19 vaccines after S2 and before S3. A tendency to increase salivary levels of SIgA and IgM at S2 and of IgG at S3 were observed compared to the values found at S1 and S2. Significantly decreased levels of IL-2 and IL-5 were found at S2 and S3 (p < 0.001) time points. Lower levels of IFN-γ were found at S2 as compared to the values observed at S1 (p < 0.01). A significant decrease in the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio was found at S2 (p < 0.01). When assessing the Th1/Th2 ratios, a significant decrease was found in the IFN-γ/TSLP ratio at S2 (p < 0.001) and S3 (p < 0.001) when compared to the values at S1. In addition, a significant increase was observed in the TNF-α/IL-5 ratio at S2 (p < 0.001) and S3 (p < 0.001) in comparison to the values at S1. In a similar way, an increase in the TNF-α/IL-6 ratio (Fig. 5E) was observed at S3 (p < 0.001) when compared to the values at S1. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the impact of COVID-19-induced social isolation on immune/inflammatory responses in the upper airway mucosa, particularly those present in oral cavity, of older adults. It demonstrates that a controlled shift in Th1 and Th2 immune responses, both during infection and post-vaccination, can create favorable conditions to combat viral infections without exacerbating the immune response or worsening the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Beletato Nery
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro Do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helena Bittar
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro Do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jônatas B Amaral
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Markus Hardt
- Center for Salivary Diagnostics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luciana Marti
- Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Manuel Jimenez
- Departamento de Didáctica de La Educación Física y Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Marta Ferreira Bastos
- Postgraduate Program in Aging Sciences, São Judas Tadeu University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Silva Nali
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), Santo Amaro, Brazil
| | | | | | - André L L Bachi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ENT Lab, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Science, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), Santo Amaro, Brazil.
| | - Debora Heller
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro Do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Experimental Research, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Periodontology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Patrick SE, Knox KB, Evans C, Levin M, Linassi G, Poliakov I, Rajput A, Donkers SJ. Participants' perspectives of "NeuroSask: Active and Connect"-a virtual chronic disease management program for individuals with a neurological condition. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1332859. [PMID: 38327624 PMCID: PMC10847521 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1332859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neurological conditions account from more than half of Canadians requiring chronic care. Both physical activity and the development of a self-management skillset are critical components supporting individuals with chronic health conditions. "NeuroSask: Active and Connected" is a virtual chronic disease management program offering twice weekly neuro-physiotherapist directed "active" exercise sessions, followed by weekly knowledge-exchange "connect" sessions with invited guest experts. NeuroSask was launched April 2020 in response to the restricted services and supports for people with neurological conditions. The program aimed to provide seated physical activity, social interaction, and access to expertise in neurological conditions and neurorehabilitation. A program evaluation of NeuroSask was conducted to gain participants' perspectives. Methods All participants registered for the NeuroSask program were invited to complete optional online surveys (SurveyMonkey) circulated by email at 3 occasions post-program launch: 10 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years. Participants could complete any one or all of the surveys, at their discretion. The number of potential respondents changed dependent on the total number of participants registered for NeuroSask at the time the survey was circulated. Questions were co-designed by multi-stakeholder team members. Descriptive statistics were used for closed-ended questions and a reflexive thematic analysis was completed with coding conducted in NVivo 12 Plus for open-ended text. Results Response rates (participants/registrants) were as follows: 10-week survey 260/793, one year survey 326/1224, and 2-year survey 434/1989. 90% of participants reported being in either the age categories of 40-59 years or above 60 years. 75% of both survey respondents and program registrants were female. 70% of both survey respondents and program registrants reported a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and 30% reported other neurological conditions. Survey respondents were from all ten Canadian provinces, with 45% reporting living outside of large cities. Respondents reported preferring online vs. in person format for this type of programming. Three main themes, and eight corresponding subthemes were identified highlighting the perceived impact and key components of the NeuroSask program: Theme 1 "together in a positive and encouraging environment" (subthemes 1a: connection, 1b: empowerment); Theme 2 "access to enthusiastic qualified leaders from home" (subthemes 2a: leader characteristics, 2b: accessibility, 2c: program logistics); Theme 3 "being able to enjoy everyday life" (subthemes 3a: symptom benefits and beyond, 3b: carry-over, 3c: keep going, please do not cancel). Conclusion NeuroSask is an example of an accessible and meaningful virtual approach to providing ongoing support for some individuals with neurological conditions. It was perceived as beneficial for fostering community and connection in a positive environment with perceived benefits extending beyond symptom management to participant reported improvements in function, daily life, and disease experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. Patrick
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Katherine B. Knox
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Charity Evans
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael Levin
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Research Chair and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Gary Linassi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ilia Poliakov
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Alex Rajput
- Movement Disorders Program, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sarah J. Donkers
- School of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Farhang M, Álvarez-Aguado I, Celis Correa J, Toffoletto MC, Rosello-Peñaloza M, Miranda-Castillo C. Effects of Anxiety, Stress and Perceived Social Support on Depression and Loneliness Among Older People During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Path Analysis. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2024; 61:469580241273187. [PMID: 39229739 PMCID: PMC11375662 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241273187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, older people were exposed to high levels of anxiety and stress leading to loneliness and depressive disorders. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of anxiety, positive coping, perceived social support, and perceived stress on depression and loneliness among older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional online/telephone survey. A non-probability convenience sampling method was used. Participants were 112 people aged 60 years and above, without cognitive impairment, who experienced confinement (from March 2020 onward) and had access to the internet or telephone. A path analysis model showed a direct significant effect of anxiety on both, depression (β = .68, P < .001) and perceived stress (β = .65, P < .001), as well as an indirect effect of anxiety on loneliness via perceived stress (β = .65) * (β = .40); and social support (β = -.21) * (β = -.20). The model showed adequate fit χ2(df = 4) =5.972, P = .201; RMSEA = 0.066 (0.000, 0.169), CFI = 0.992; TLI = 0.970. Anxiety had a significant effect on depressive symptoms as well as on loneliness via perceived social support and perceived stress. According to our findings, in order to reduce depressive symptoms and perceived loneliness, it is essential to develop timely interventions that decrease levels of anxiety and stress and increase levels of perceived social support in older people, particularly when there are any restrictions, physical or contextual, that prevent face-to-face contact. This can be achieved by implementing preventive community-based programs, enhancing accessibility to mental health services, and collaborating with local support groups, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farhang
- Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Care Research (MICARE), Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
- Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile
| | - Izaskun Álvarez-Aguado
- Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Care Research (MICARE), Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Miranda-Castillo
- Millennium Institute for Care Research (MICARE), Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Lee HY, Lee SH, Kim GL. A comparative study of changes in smoking cessation attempt rates and related factors before and during COVID-19. Prev Med Rep 2024; 37:102532. [PMID: 38162119 PMCID: PMC10755482 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify whether smoking cessation attempts (SCA) for health promotion changed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and how the characteristics of people who undertook SCA before versus during COVID-19 differed. This was a secondary data analysis of the South Korean 2019-2021 Community Health Survey data for 163,334 smokers that compared sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and health status by SCA and year using χ2 statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis. The SCA rate significantly decreased from 72.6 % in 2019 to 44.1 % in 2021. In 2019, the rate was high for those over 60 years old but decreased by half by 2021. The ORs for SCA were higher in women than men in all years and were lower in 2019 for all age groups except those in their 70 s; however, in 2021, the ORs for those in their 20 s were higher than those in their 70 s and were slightly higher for non-high-risk drinkers than for high-risk drinkers. ORs were higher among those trying to lose or gain weight than among those who were not. Despite its health benefits, the SCA rate significantly decreased. Issuing public statements encouraging SCA is critical. Measures are necessary to increase the rate of SCA among people in their 70 s and support those seeking to control their weight for successful smoking cessation. In addition, a strategy to maintain the SCA rate in people in their 20 s is required to ensure their future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Lee
- Department of Health Administration, Dongseo University, 47 Jurye-ro, Sasang-gu, Busan 47011, South Korea
- Busan Tobacco Control Center, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, South Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, South Korea
- Busan Tobacco Control Center, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, South Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University, School of Medicine, Beomeo-ri Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, South Korea
| | - Gyu Lee Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, South Korea
- Busan Tobacco Control Center, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, South Korea
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Heimrich KG, Schönenberg A, Prell T. Social deprivation and exclusion in Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074618. [PMID: 38159947 PMCID: PMC11150781 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe prevalence and associated factors of social deprivation in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Data were taken from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), a multidisciplinary, cross-national and longitudinal research project. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling adults from waves 5 (2013, n=66 188) and 6 (2015, n=68 186) of the SHARE dataset. After longitudinal analyses, participants in wave 5 can be retrospectively divided into the following three subgroups: PwPD at wave 5 (n=559), people newly reported PD from wave 5 to wave 6 (prodromal PD; n=215) and people without PD (n=46 737). OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence and associated factors of social deprivation in PD, its impact on quality of life (QoL) and its onset within the course of PD. RESULTS PwPD had higher indices for material and social deprivation than non-PD participants, and 20% of PwPD were at risk of social exclusion. Social deprivation alone accounted for 35% and material deprivation for 21% of QoL variance and remained significant predictors of QoL after adjustment for cofactors. Social deprivation and risk of social exclusion were already increased in people with prodromal PD, and accordingly preceded PD diagnosis in wave 6. CONCLUSIONS For the treatment of PD, we should consider the impact of social deprivation and exclusion on QoL and their association with mental and physical functioning. However, the relevance of social deprivation as a prodromal phenomenon requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Schönenberg
- Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Tino Prell
- Department of Geriatrics, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
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Dubé CE, Nielsen N, McPhillips E, Lee Hargraves J, Cosenza C, Jesdale B, Lapane KL. U.S. nursing home leadership experiences with COVID-19 and its impact on residents and staff: A qualitative analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293336. [PMID: 38113231 PMCID: PMC10729989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore experiences of U.S. (United States) nursing home leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic in their efforts to address resident loneliness and social isolation and to elicit stories about personal and professional impacts on themselves and staff. DESIGN Qualitative inquiry via three optional open-ended questions appended to a national self-administered survey of American nursing home leaders was employed. Textual data was analyzed using an iterative reflexive thematic approach. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A stratified sample frame defined by facility size (beds: 30-99, 100+) and quality ratings (1, 2-4, 5) was employed. Web survey links and paper surveys were sent to 1,676 nursing home directors of nursing between February and May 2022. RESULTS Open text responses were collected from 271 nursing homes. Broad themes included: 1) Addressing needs of residents & families; 2) Challenges; and 3) Personal experiences of nursing home leadership/staff. Respondents described trauma to residents, staff, and leadership. Resident loneliness was addressed using existing and newer technologies and innovative indoor and outdoor activities. Residents experienced fear, illness, loss, and sometimes death. Isolation from family and lack of touch were particularly difficult. Regulations were seen as punitive while ignoring emotional needs of residents. Staffing challenges and pressures to do more with less created additional stress. Leadership and staff made significant sacrifices resulting in physical, social, and emotional consequences. Beneficial outcomes included staff bonding, professional growth, and permanent implementation of new interventions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS New and creative interventions were successfully implemented to address social isolation and loneliness. Improved Wi-Fi and other nursing home infrastructure upgrades are needed to maintain them. Reimagining often conflicting overlapping federal, state, and local regulations, grounding them in good clinical judgement, and incentivizing performance improvement should be considered. Trauma experienced by staff needs to be addressed to deal with current and future workforce needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Dubé
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Natalia Nielsen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily McPhillips
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - J. Lee Hargraves
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Survey Research, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carol Cosenza
- Center for Survey Research, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bill Jesdale
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kate L. Lapane
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Nunner H, Buskens V, Corten R, Kaandorp C, Kretzschmar M. Disease avoidance threatens social cohesion in a large-scale social networking experiment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22586. [PMID: 38114577 PMCID: PMC10730866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
People tend to limit social contacts during times of increased health risks, leading to disruption of social networks thus changing the course of epidemics. To what extent, however, do people show such avoidance reactions? To test the predictions and assumptions of an agent-based model on the feedback loop between avoidance behavior, social networks, and disease spread, we conducted a large-scale (2,879 participants) incentivized experiment. The experiment rewards maintaining social relations and structures, and penalizes acquiring infections. We find that disease avoidance dominates networking decisions, despite relatively low penalties for infections; and that participants use more sophisticated strategies than expected (e.g., avoiding susceptible others with infectious neighbors), while they forget to maintain a beneficial network structure. Consequently, we observe low infection numbers, but also deterioration of network positions. These results imply that the focus on a more obvious signal (i.e., infection) may lead to unwanted side effects (i.e., loss of social cohesion).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Nunner
- Institute for Multimedia and Interactive Systems (IMIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Vincent Buskens
- Department of Sociology/ICS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Complex System Studies (CCSS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rense Corten
- Department of Sociology/ICS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Complex System Studies (CCSS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Kaandorp
- Information and Technology Services (ITS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Kretzschmar
- Centre for Complex System Studies (CCSS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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