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Bresci A, Kim JH, Ghislanzoni S, Manetti F, Wu L, Vernuccio F, Ceconello C, Sorrentino S, Barman I, Bongarzone I, Cerullo G, Vanna R, Polli D. Noninvasive morpho-molecular imaging reveals early therapy-induced senescence in human cancer cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6231. [PMID: 37703362 PMCID: PMC10881071 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer therapy screening in vitro identifies additional treatments and improves clinical outcomes. Systematically, although most tested cells respond to cues with apoptosis, an appreciable portion enters a senescent state, a critical condition potentially driving tumor resistance and relapse. Conventional screening protocols would strongly benefit from prompt identification and monitoring of therapy-induced senescent (TIS) cells in their native form. We combined complementary all-optical, label-free, and quantitative microscopy techniques, based on coherent Raman scattering, multiphoton absorption, and interferometry, to explore the early onset and progression of this phenotype, which has been understudied in unperturbed conditions. We identified TIS manifestations as early as 24 hours following treatment, consisting of substantial mitochondrial rearrangement and increase of volume and dry mass, followed by accumulation of lipid vesicles starting at 72 hours. This work holds the potential to affect anticancer treatment research, by offering a label-free, rapid, and accurate method to identify initial TIS in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Bresci
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Ghislanzoni
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lintong Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Italia Bongarzone
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- CNR-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Milan, Italy
| | - Renzo Vanna
- CNR-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- CNR-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Milan, Italy
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Singh P, Faisal AR, Alam MM, Saeed A, Haider T, Asif HMA, Rauniyar J, Rai N, Janjua MAK, Pasha AR. An Assessment of Personal Hygiene Practices Among Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional, Descriptive Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e44308. [PMID: 37779771 PMCID: PMC10535016 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Personal Hygiene behavior and practices play a major role in health promotion and disease prevention. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and psychological factors sway a person's overall adaptation of good practices. Disease burden leading to loss of productivity and its influence on the economy cannot be overstated. As medical professionals come in contact with a large number of people, they carry the potential to be super-spreaders in disease outbreaks. Thus, it is of utmost importance that medics and paramedics maintain hygiene to the highest standards. Method This cross-sectional study comprised 323 young adult participants from Muslim Town, Faisalabad. A structured questionnaire containing close-ended questions was used for data collection regarding personal hygiene behavior and practices. Dependency between various qualitative categorical variables and hygiene practices was analyzed using Chi-squared tests. Results It was found that although the majority of the participants followed good hygiene for most of the practices; laziness, lack of relevant education, improper time management, and unreliable water supply posed a significant barrier to good practices. Females had demonstrably better practices compared to males. Urbanity did not have a significant correlation with the results. Conclusion We conclude that a rigorous program of awareness and education regarding this subject is the need of the hour to facilitate an improvement in predictive and preventive health care and reduce morbidity and mortality. Steps should be taken to ease the barriers that are obstructing optimal hygienic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Singh
- Nephrology, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, PAK
| | | | | | - Ahmad Saeed
- Nephrology Department, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, PAK
| | | | | | | | - Niraj Rai
- Psychiatry, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, PAK
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Majchrzak-Stiller B, Buchholz M, Peters I, Strotmann J, Möhrke J, Zelichowski L, Oehlke L, Quensel C, Fein D, Höhn P, Müller T, Uhl W, Braumann C. Oxathiazinane derivatives display both antineoplastic and antibacterial activity: a structure activity study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04799-8. [PMID: 37171614 PMCID: PMC10374762 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Oxathiazinane substance class is characterized by a high diversity of chemical structures yet to be fully investigated. Our research group recently proved that the 1.4.5-oxathiazine-4.4-dioxide, known as substance GP-2250, possesses antineoplastic properties as shown on pancreatic carcinoma. This current study aims to gain insights into the structure and activity relationship of a series of different Oxathiazinanes regarding their antineoplastic activity and the potential correlation with antibacterial activity. We investigated the newly synthesized Oxathiazinane derivatives: 2255, 2256, 2287, 2289, 2293 and 2296 in comparison to GP-2250. METHODS The antineoplastic effect was evaluated in different cancer entities (breast, skin, pancreas and colon cancer cell lines) by viability, proliferation, and cell migration assays in vitro. Disc diffusion tests were performed on various bacteria strains to examine the antibacterial potential. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were conducted to investigate mechanistic aspects. RESULTS The substances GP-2250, 2293, 2289 and 2296 not only showed antineoplastic activity in four different cancer entities but also antibacterial effects, as tested on multiple bacteria strains including MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Furthermore, these substances also induced high ROS levels up to 110% in the treated cancer cell lines compared to untreated control cells. These results indicate a correlation between an antineoplastic capacity and antibacterial properties of these derivatives. Both activities appear to be ROS driven. The Oxathiazinane derivatives 2255, 2256 and 2287 lacked both, antineoplastic and antibacterial activity. CONCLUSION Thus, a comparable structure activity relationship became apparent for both the antineoplastic and antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Majchrzak-Stiller
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Research, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
| | - M Buchholz
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Research, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - I Peters
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Research, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - J Strotmann
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Research, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - J Möhrke
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Research, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - L Zelichowski
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Research, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - L Oehlke
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Research, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - C Quensel
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Research, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - D Fein
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Research, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - P Höhn
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Research, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - T Müller
- Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland
| | - W Uhl
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Research, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - C Braumann
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Research, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Evangelische Kliniken Gelsenkirchen, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Germany
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Grzesik K, Janik M, Hoja-Łukowicz D. The hidden potential of glycomarkers: Glycosylation studies in the service of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188889. [PMID: 37001617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the glycosylation process appear early in carcinogenesis and evolve with the growth and spread of cancer. The correlation of the characteristic glycosylation signature with the tumor stage and the appropriate therapy choice is an important issue in translational medicine. Oncologists also pay attention to extracellular vesicles as reservoirs of new cancer glycomarkers that can be potent for cancer diagnosis/prognosis. In this review, we recall glycomarkers used in oncology and show their new glycoforms of improved clinical relevance. We summarize current knowledge on the biological functions of glycoepitopes in cancer-derived extracellular vesicles and their potential use in clinical practice. Is glycomics a future of cancer diagnosis? It may be, but in combination with other omics analyses than alone.
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New leadership for the European Cancer Prevention Organization. Eur J Cancer Prev 2023; 32:99-102. [PMID: 36719827 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Styk J, Pös Z, Pös O, Radvanszky J, Turnova EH, Buglyó G, Klimova D, Budis J, Repiska V, Nagy B, Szemes T. Microsatellite instability assessment is instrumental for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine: status quo and outlook. EPMA J 2023; 14:143-165. [PMID: 36866160 PMCID: PMC9971410 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-023-00312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A form of genomic alteration called microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs in a class of tandem repeats (TRs) called microsatellites (MSs) or short tandem repeats (STRs) due to the failure of a post-replicative DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system. Traditionally, the strategies for determining MSI events have been low-throughput procedures that typically require assessment of tumours as well as healthy samples. On the other hand, recent large-scale pan-tumour studies have consistently highlighted the potential of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) on the MSI scale. As a result of recent innovations, minimally invasive methods show a high potential to be integrated into the clinical routine and delivery of adapted medical care to all patients. Along with advances in sequencing technologies and their ever-increasing cost-effectiveness, they may bring about a new era of Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (3PM). In this paper, we offered a comprehensive analysis of high-throughput strategies and computational tools for the calling and assessment of MSI events, including whole-genome, whole-exome and targeted sequencing approaches. We also discussed in detail the detection of MSI status by current MPS blood-based methods and we hypothesised how they may contribute to the shift from conventional medicine to predictive diagnosis, targeted prevention and personalised medical services. Increasing the efficacy of patient stratification based on MSI status is crucial for tailored decision-making. Contextually, this paper highlights drawbacks both at the technical level and those embedded deeper in cellular/molecular processes and future applications in routine clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Styk
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia ,Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia ,Geneton Ltd, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Pös
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia ,Geneton Ltd, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia ,Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ondrej Pös
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia ,Geneton Ltd, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Radvanszky
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia ,Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia ,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Evelina Hrckova Turnova
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia ,Slovgen Ltd, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gergely Buglyó
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Daniela Klimova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Budis
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia ,Geneton Ltd, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia ,Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, 811 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Repiska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia ,Medirex Group Academy, NPO, 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia ,Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tomas Szemes
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia ,Geneton Ltd, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia ,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Kohli M, Kar AK, Bangalore A, AP P. Machine learning-based ABA treatment recommendation and personalization for autism spectrum disorder: an exploratory study. Brain Inform 2022; 9:16. [PMID: 35879626 PMCID: PMC9311349 DOI: 10.1186/s40708-022-00164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum is a brain development condition that impairs an individual's capacity to communicate socially and manifests through strict routines and obsessive-compulsive behavior. Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is the gold-standard treatment for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, as the number of ASD cases increases, there is a substantial shortage of licensed ABA practitioners, limiting the timely formulation, revision, and implementation of treatment plans and goals. Additionally, the subjectivity of the clinician and a lack of data-driven decision-making affect treatment quality. We address these obstacles by applying two machine learning algorithms to recommend and personalize ABA treatment goals for 29 study participants with ASD. The patient similarity and collaborative filtering methods predicted ABA treatment with an average accuracy of 81-84%, with a normalized discounted cumulative gain of 79-81% (NDCG) compared to clinician-prepared ABA treatment recommendations. Additionally, we assess the two models' treatment efficacy (TE) by measuring the percentage of recommended treatment goals mastered by the study participants. The proposed treatment recommendation and personalization strategy are generalizable to other intervention methods in addition to ABA and for other brain disorders. This study was registered as a clinical trial on November 5, 2020 with trial registration number CTRI/2020/11/028933.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Kohli
- Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, Department of Management Studies, IV Floor, Vishwakarma Bhavan, Shaheed Jeet Singh Marg, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | - Arpan Kumar Kar
- Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, Department of Management Studies, IV Floor, Vishwakarma Bhavan, Shaheed Jeet Singh Marg, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | - Anjali Bangalore
- ICON Centre, K. M. Chavan chawk, Shivajinagar Road, Garkheda, Aurangabad, 431005 India
| | - Prathosh AP
- Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Rd, Bengaluru, 560012 Karnataka India
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GÜL A, AYGİN D. Stomalı Hastalarda Dini Ritüeller. İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.937111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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9
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Samec M, Liskova A, Koklesova L, Zhai K, Varghese E, Samuel SM, Šudomová M, Lucansky V, Kassayova M, Pec M, Biringer K, Brockmueller A, Kajo K, Hassan STS, Shakibaei M, Golubnitschaja O, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P. Metabolic Anti-Cancer Effects of Melatonin: Clinically Relevant Prospects. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3018. [PMID: 34208645 PMCID: PMC8234897 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming characterized by alterations in nutrient uptake and critical molecular pathways associated with cancer cell metabolism represents a fundamental process of malignant transformation. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland. Melatonin primarily regulates circadian rhythms but also exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities. Concerning cancer metabolism, melatonin displays significant anticancer effects via the regulation of key components of aerobic glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and lipid metabolism. Melatonin treatment affects glucose transporter (GLUT) expression, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity, lactate production and other metabolic contributors. Moreover, melatonin modulates critical players in cancer development, such as HIF-1 and p53. Taken together, melatonin has notable anti-cancer effects at malignancy initiation, progression and metastasing. Further investigations of melatonin impacts relevant for cancer metabolism are expected to create innovative approaches supportive for the effective prevention and targeted therapy of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Miroslava Šudomová
- Museum of Literature in Moravia, Klašter 1, 66461 Rajhrad, Czech Republic;
| | - Vincent Lucansky
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Monika Kassayova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafarik University, 04001 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (M.S.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (K.B.)
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81439 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, EPMA, 1160 Brussels, Belgium;
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar; (K.Z.); (E.V.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
- European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine, EPMA, 1160 Brussels, Belgium;
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Alexandrou G, Moser N, Mantikas KT, Rodriguez-Manzano J, Ali S, Coombes RC, Shaw J, Georgiou P, Toumazou C, Kalofonou M. Detection of Multiple Breast Cancer ESR1 Mutations on an ISFET Based Lab-on-Chip Platform. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2021; 15:380-389. [PMID: 34214044 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2021.3094464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ESR1 mutations are important biomarkers in metastatic breast cancer. Specifically, p.E380Q and p.Y537S mutations arise in response to hormonal therapies given to patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC). This paper demonstrates the efficacy of an ISFET based CMOS integrated Lab-on-Chip (LoC) system, coupled with variant-specific isothermal amplification chemistries, for detection and discrimination of wild type (WT) from mutant (MT) copies of the ESR1 gene. Hormonal resistant cancers often lead to increased chances of metastatic disease which leads to high mortality rates, especially in low-income regions and areas with low healthcare coverage. Design and optimization of bespoke primers was carried out and tested on a qPCR instrument and then benchmarked versus the LoC platform. Assays for detection of p.Y537S and p.E380Q were developed and tested on the LoC platform, achieving amplification in under 25 minutes and sensitivity of down to 1000 copies of DNA per reaction for both target assays. The LoC system hereby presented, is cheaper and smaller than other standard industry equivalent technologies such as qPCR and sequencing. The LoC platform proposed, has the potential to be used at a breast cancer point-of-care testing setting, offering mutational tracking of circulating tumour DNA in liquid biopsies to assist patient stratification and metastatic monitoring.
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Ștefan PA, Lupean RA, Mihu CM, Lebovici A, Oancea MD, Hîțu L, Duma D, Csutak C. Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Adnexal Lesions: The Role of Texture Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11050812. [PMID: 33947150 PMCID: PMC8145244 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The classic ultrasonographic differentiation between benign and malignant adnexal masses encounters several limitations. Ultrasonography-based texture analysis (USTA) offers a new perspective, but its role has been incompletely evaluated. This study aimed to further investigate USTA’s capacity in differentiating benign from malignant adnexal tumors, as well as comparing the workflow and the results with previously-published research. A total of 123 adnexal lesions (benign, 88; malignant, 35) were retrospectively included. The USTA was performed on dedicated software. By applying three reduction techniques, 23 features with the highest discriminatory potential were selected. The features’ ability to identify ovarian malignancies was evaluated through univariate, multivariate, and receiver operating characteristics analyses, and also by the use of the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. Three parameters were independent predictors for ovarian neoplasms (sum variance, and two variations of the sum of squares). Benign and malignant lesions were differentiated with 90.48% sensitivity and 93.1% specificity by the prediction model (which included the three independent predictors), and with 71.43–80% sensitivity and 87.5–89.77% specificity by the KNN classifier. The USTA shows statistically significant differences between the textures of the two groups, but it is unclear whether the parameters can reflect the true histopathological characteristics of adnexal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Andrei Ștefan
- Anatomy and Embryology, Morphological Sciences Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes Street 8, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Radiology and Imaging Department, County Emergency Hospital, Clinicilor Street 5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.M.M.); (A.L.); (D.D.); (C.C.)
| | - Roxana-Adelina Lupean
- Histology, Morphological Sciences Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic “Dominic Stanca”, County Emergency Hospital, 21 Decembrie 1989 Boulevard 55, 400094 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-7464-31286
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Radiology and Imaging Department, County Emergency Hospital, Clinicilor Street 5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.M.M.); (A.L.); (D.D.); (C.C.)
- Histology, Morphological Sciences Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Lebovici
- Radiology and Imaging Department, County Emergency Hospital, Clinicilor Street 5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.M.M.); (A.L.); (D.D.); (C.C.)
- Radiology, Surgical Specialties Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street 3–5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Daniela Oancea
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic “Dominic Stanca”, County Emergency Hospital, 21 Decembrie 1989 Boulevard 55, 400094 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic II, Mother and Child Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 21 Decembrie 1989 Boulevard 55, 400094 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liviu Hîțu
- Doctoral School, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Daniel Duma
- Radiology and Imaging Department, County Emergency Hospital, Clinicilor Street 5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.M.M.); (A.L.); (D.D.); (C.C.)
- Doctoral School, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Csaba Csutak
- Radiology and Imaging Department, County Emergency Hospital, Clinicilor Street 5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.M.M.); (A.L.); (D.D.); (C.C.)
- Radiology, Surgical Specialties Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street 3–5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12
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Tong J, Liu P, Ji M, Wang Y, Xue Q, Yang JJ, Zhou CM. Machine Learning Can Predict Total Death After Radiofrequency Ablation in Liver Cancer Patients. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2021; 15:11795549211000017. [PMID: 33854400 PMCID: PMC8013536 DOI: 10.1177/11795549211000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Over 1 million new cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are diagnosed worldwide every year. Its prognosis remains poor, and the 5-year survival rate in all disease stages is estimated to be between 10% and 20%. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become an important local treatment for liver cancer, and machine learning (ML) can provide many shortcuts for liver cancer medical research. Therefore, we explore the role of ML in predicting the total mortality of liver cancer patients undergoing RFA. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of public database data from 578 liver cancer patients. We used Python for ML to establish the prognosis model. Results: The results showed that the 5 most important factors were platelet count (PLT), Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), age, tumor size, and total bilirubin, respectively. Results of the total death model for liver cancer patients in test group: among the 5 algorithm models, the highest accuracy rate was that of gbm (0.681), followed by the Logistic algorithm (0.672); among the 5 algorithms, area under the curve (AUC) values, from high to low, were Logistic (0.738), DecisionTree (0.723), gbm (0.717), GradientBoosting (0.714), and Forest (0.693); Among the 5 algorithms, gbm had the highest precision rate (0.721), followed by the Logistic algorithm (0.714). Among the 5 algorithms, DecisionTree had the highest recall rate (0.642), followed by the GradientBoosting algorithm (0.571). Conclusion: Machine learning can predict total death after RFA in liver cancer patients. Therefore, ML research has great potential for both personalized treatment and prognosis of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Panmiao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Muhuo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiong Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Mao Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Atallah GA, Abd. Aziz NH, Teik CK, Shafiee MN, Kampan NC. New Predictive Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:465. [PMID: 33800113 PMCID: PMC7998656 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the eighth-most common cause of death among women worldwide. In the absence of distinctive symptoms in the early stages, the majority of women are diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease. Surgical debulking and systemic adjuvant chemotherapy remain the mainstays of treatment, with the development of chemoresistance in up to 75% of patients with subsequent poor treatment response and reduced survival. Therefore, there is a critical need to revisit existing, and identify potential biomarkers that could lead to the development of novel and more effective predictors for ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The capacity of these biomarkers to predict the existence, stages, and associated therapeutic efficacy of ovarian cancer would enable improvements in the early diagnosis and survival of ovarian cancer patients. This review not only highlights current evidence-based ovarian-cancer-specific prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers but also provides an update on various technologies and methods currently used to identify novel biomarkers of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nirmala Chandralega Kampan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (G.A.A.); (N.H.A.A.); (C.K.T.); (M.N.S.)
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14
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Fan Y, Wang J, Xu Y, Wang Y, Song T, Liang X, Jin F, Su D. Anti-Warburg effect by targeting HRD1-PFKP pathway may inhibit breast cancer progression. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:18. [PMID: 33588886 PMCID: PMC7883444 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies have shown that the E3 ubiquitin ligase of HMG-CoA reductase degradation 1 (HRD1) functions as a tumor suppressor, as overexpression of HRD1 suppressed breast cancer proliferation and invasion. However, its role in breast cancer cell glucose metabolism was unclear. Here, our aim was to uncover the role and molecular mechanisms of HRD1 in regulating aerobic glycolysis in breast cancer. METHODS The effect of HRD1 on robic glycolysis in breast cancer cells were assessed. Then the proliferation, colony formation ability, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells were evaluated. The relationship between HRD1 and PFKP was validated by Mass spectrometry analysis, immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation. The level of PFKP ubiquitination was measured using ubiquitylation assay. Furthermore, the tumor growth and metastasis in mice xenografts were observed. RESULTS We found that upregulation of HRD1 clearly decreased aerobic glycolysis, and subsequently inhibited breast cancer proliferation and invasion. Mass spectrometry analysis results revealed a large HRD1 interactome, which included PFKP (platelet isoform of phosphofructokinase), a critical enzyme involved in the Warburg Effect in breast cancer. Mechanistically, HRD1 interacted and colocalized with PFKP in the cytoplasm, targeted PFKP for ubiquitination and degradation, and ultimately reduced PFKP expression and activity in breast cancer cells. HRD1 inhibited breast cancer growth and metastasis in vivo through a PFKP-dependent way CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal a new regulatory role of HRD1 in Warburg effect and provide a key contributor in breast cancer metabolism. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Fan
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Institute of Breast Disease, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuemei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Yipin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- Center of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Song
- Center of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiubin Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongming Su
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- Center of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
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15
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Silva-Igua L, De La Peña J, Rubiano W, Ruiz-Sternberg AM. Premenopausal breast cancer is a health challenge: nutritional habits show potential to prevent this disease. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021; 14:1178223420974665. [PMID: 33414638 PMCID: PMC7750765 DOI: 10.1177/1178223420974665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: The incidence of breast cancer had increased around the world. More
premenopausal women suffer from this condition with great economic and
social impact. The objective of this study is to establish possible
associations between lifestyle and the presence of breast cancer in
premenopausal women. Methods: The study population was composed of 330 premenopausal patients younger than
55 years with breast disease, cared between 2013 and 2017 at the University
Hospital Mayor Méderi. Two comparison groups were formed. Patients with a
tumor diagnosed as malignant considering cases and control group of patients
with a tumor diagnosed as benign. With factors associated significantly in
the bivariate analysis (P < .10), the hierarchically
organized multiple regression model controlled by the confounding variables
was constructed. The logistic regression model was adjusted by the age
variable, to avoid residual confounder. Results: The population included 330 premenopausal women with benign and malignant
breast disease: 134 cases and 196 controls. From the multivariate analysis,
it was identified that the whole-grain consumption was inversely associated
with presence of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 0.579; 95% confidence
interval [CI]: 0.339, 0.991; P = .046). On the
other hand, consumption of fish was associated with the presence of
breast malignancy (OR = 2.560; 95% CI:
1.200, 5.460; P = .015). Conclusions: Considering the epigenetic and multiomics individual profiles in the
development of premenopausal breast cancer and its social and economic
impact can be useful in development of modern clinical strategies with
crucial interventions at the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention
levels for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Silva-Igua
- Medical Clinics Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, Bogotá, Colombia.,Surgical Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jairo De La Peña
- Medical Clinics Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, Bogotá, Colombia.,Surgical Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Wilson Rubiano
- Medical Clinics Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, Bogotá, Colombia.,Surgical Department, Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, Bogotá, Colombia
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Tashkandi E, Basulaiman B, Alghareeb W, Hamadi F, Alghamdi A, Albabakri F, Alshabi R, Jaffal M, Albaradie A, Azher R. Thirty-Day Mortality After Curative and Palliative Anti-Cancer Treatment: Data Interpretation and Lessons for Clinical Implementation. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:12301-12308. [PMID: 33293858 PMCID: PMC7718861 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s277924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite advancements in cancer therapeutics, mortality and morbidity due to anti-cancer treatments still occur but are not frequently reported. We aimed to report the 30-day mortality and morbidity of all curative and palliative anti-cancer treatments. Patients and Methods Adults with solid and hematological malignancies from two large cancer centers in Saudi Arabia, irrespective of the cancer stage and treatment type, were included in this retrospective observational study. Results Between December 1, 2019 and February 29, 2020, 1694 patients from King Abdullah Medical City in Makkah and King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh were included in the study. Among them, 77.5% were younger than 65 years of age; 72.8% were female; the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension was 35%, 34%, and 28%, respectively; and 66.5% of patients had breast and gastrointestinal cancers. Fifty-nine (3.5%) patients died within 30 days of receiving anti-cancer treatment. Of them, 9 (0.3%) were treated with curative intent, and 50 (3%) were treated with palliative intent. Conclusion Our results emphasize the need to address preventable metabolic changes and implement innovative, predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) approaches focusing on patient profiles. Reporting the 30-day outcomes of all anti-cancer treatments will also allow the identification of factors underlying mortality and morbidity and lead to an improvement in oncological outcomes via innovative programs designed to improve clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Tashkandi
- Umm AlQura University, College of Medicine, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah Medical City, Oncology Center, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Basulaiman
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Oncology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Alghareeb
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Oncology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Hamadi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Oncology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Alghamdi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Oncology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faez Albabakri
- King Abdullah Medical City, Oncology Center, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Redhwan Alshabi
- King Abdullah Medical City, Oncology Center, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Jaffal
- King Abdullah Medical City, Oncology Center, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ruqayya Azher
- Umm Al-Qura University, Community Medicine Department, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Crigna AT, Samec M, Koklesova L, Liskova A, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Cell-free nucleic acid patterns in disease prediction and monitoring-hype or hope? EPMA J 2020; 11:603-627. [PMID: 33144898 PMCID: PMC7594983 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the use of cell-free nucleic acids (CFNAs) as clinical non-invasive biomarker panels for prediction and prevention of multiple diseases has greatly increased over the last decade. Indeed, circulating CFNAs are attributable to many physiological and pathological processes such as imbalanced stress conditions, physical activities, extensive apoptosis of different origin, systemic hypoxic-ischemic events and tumour progression, amongst others. This article highlights the involvement of circulating CFNAs in local and systemic processes dealing with the question, whether specific patterns of CFNAs in blood, their detection, quantity and quality (such as their methylation status) might be instrumental to predict a disease development/progression and could be further utilised for accompanying diagnostics, targeted prevention, creation of individualised therapy algorithms, therapy monitoring and prognosis. Presented considerations conform with principles of 3P medicine and serve for improving individual outcomes and cost efficacy of medical services provided to the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Torres Crigna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Quantitative proteomics revealed energy metabolism pathway alterations in human epithelial ovarian carcinoma and their regulation by the antiparasite drug ivermectin: data interpretation in the context of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2020; 11:661-694. [PMID: 33240452 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Energy metabolism abnormality is the hallmark in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). This study aimed to investigate energy metabolism pathway alterations and their regulation by the antiparasite drug ivermectin in EOC for the discovery of energy metabolism pathway-based molecular biomarker pattern and therapeutic targets in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) in EOC. Methods iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics was used to identify mitochondrial differentially expressed proteins (mtDEPs) between human EOC and control mitochondrial samples isolated from 8 EOC and 11 control ovary tissues from gynecologic surgery of Chinese patients, respectively. Stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomics was used to analyze the protein expressions of energy metabolic pathways in EOC cells treated with and without ivermectin. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and important molecules in energy metabolism pathway were examined before and after ivermectin treatment of different EOC cells. Results In total, 1198 mtDEPs were identified, and various mtDEPs were related to energy metabolism changes in EOC, with an interesting result that EOC tissues had enhanced abilities in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), Kreb's cycle, and aerobic glycolysis, for ATP generation, with experiment-confirmed upregulations of UQCRH in OXPHOS; IDH2, CS, and OGDHL in Kreb's cycle; and PKM2 in glycolysis pathways. Importantly, PDHB that links glycolysis with Kreb's cycle was upregulated in EOC. SILAC-based quantitative proteomics found that the protein expression levels of energy metabolic pathways were regulated by ivermectin in EOC cells. Furthermore, ivermectin demonstrated its strong abilities to inhibit proliferation and cell cycle and promote apoptosis in EOC cells, through molecular networks to target PFKP in glycolysis; IDH2 and IDH3B in Kreb's cycle; ND2, ND5, CYTB, and UQCRH in OXPHOS; and MCT1 and MCT4 in lactate shuttle to inhibit EOC growth. Conclusions Our findings revealed that the Warburg and reverse Warburg effects coexisted in human ovarian cancer tissues, provided the first multiomics-based molecular alteration spectrum of ovarian cancer energy metabolism pathways (aerobic glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and lactate shuttle), and demonstrated that the antiparasite drug ivermectin effectively regulated these changed molecules in energy metabolism pathways and had strong capability to inhibit cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and promote cell apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. The observed molecular changes in energy metabolism pathways bring benefits for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of energy metabolism heterogeneity and the discovery of effective biomarkers for individualized patient stratification and predictive/prognostic assessment and therapeutic targets/drugs for personalized therapy of ovarian cancer patients.
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Gu H, Tu H, Liu L, Liu T, Liu Z, Zhang W, Liu J. RSPO3 is a marker candidate for predicting tumor aggressiveness in ovarian cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1351. [PMID: 33313096 PMCID: PMC7723610 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer, a highly aggressive and heterogeneous gynecological malignancy that has long been difficult for physicians to identify and treat, requires more effective and precise molecular targets. R-spondin 3 (RSPO3) is a secreted protein that plays a tumorigenic role in several human cancers. However, the functional contribution and prognostic role of RSPO3 in ovarian cancer remain unclear. Methods RSPO3 expression in ovarian cancer tissues was assessed using western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry, and its relationships to clinicopathological parameters were investigated using the data of 179 ovarian cancer patients. RSPO3’s biological function was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, and Matrigel transwell assay in RSPO3-knockdown and RSPO3-overexpression ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and OVCAR3. The possible biological processes associated with RSPO3 were identified using functional enrichment analysis based on the transcriptome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ovarian cancer cohort and our experimental cells, and further verified using western blotting and immunofluorescence in the ovarian cancer cell model. Results The RSPO3 mRNA and protein levels were both upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues. High RSPO3 expression was correlated with lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and advanced tumor stage. Survival analysis showed that RSPO3 is an independent prognostic marker in ovarian cancer. Moreover, in vitro RSPO3 knockdown significantly inhibited the invasion ability of ovarian cancer cells, while overexpression significantly promoted it. Using transcriptome sequencing and pathway validation experiments, we demonstrated for the first time that RSPO3 promotes ovarian cancer invasiveness through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while the common Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was not involved. Conclusions RSPO3 plays a definite oncogenic role and promotes tumor aggressiveness in ovarian cancer, which may serve as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Gu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Tu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Zubor P, Wang Y, Liskova A, Samec M, Koklesova L, Dankova Z, Dørum A, Kajo K, Dvorska D, Lucansky V, Malicherova B, Kasubova I, Bujnak J, Mlyncek M, Dussan CA, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D, Golubnitschaja O. Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (CAP) as a New Tool for the Management of Vulva Cancer and Vulvar Premalignant Lesions in Gynaecological Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217988. [PMID: 33121141 PMCID: PMC7663780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvar cancer (VC) is a specific form of malignancy accounting for 5–6% of all gynaecologic malignancies. Although VC occurs most commonly in women after 60 years of age, disease incidence has risen progressively in premenopausal women in recent decades. VC demonstrates particular features requiring well-adapted therapeutic approaches to avoid potential treatment-related complications. Significant improvements in disease-free survival and overall survival rates for patients diagnosed with post-stage I disease have been achieved by implementing a combination therapy consisting of radical surgical resection, systemic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Achieving local control remains challenging. However, mostly due to specific anatomical conditions, the need for comprehensive surgical reconstruction and frequent post-operative healing complications. Novel therapeutic tools better adapted to VC particularities are essential for improving individual outcomes. To this end, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment is a promising option for VC, and is particularly appropriate for the local treatment of dysplastic lesions, early intraepithelial cancer, and invasive tumours. In addition, CAP also helps reduce inflammatory complications and improve wound healing. The application of CAP may realise either directly or indirectly utilising nanoparticle technologies. CAP has demonstrated remarkable treatment benefits for several malignant conditions, and has created new medical fields, such as “plasma medicine” and “plasma oncology”. This article highlights the benefits of CAP for the treatment of VC, VC pre-stages, and postsurgical wound complications. There has not yet been a published report of CAP on vulvar cancer cells, and so this review summarises the progress made in gynaecological oncology and in other cancers, and promotes an important, understudied area for future research. The paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive and personalised medical approaches in overall VC management is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Zubor
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (Y.W.); (A.D.)
- OBGY Health & Care, Ltd., 010 01 Zilina, Slovakia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (Y.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Zuzana Dankova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (Z.D.); (D.D.); (V.L.); (B.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Anne Dørum
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (Y.W.); (A.D.)
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Dana Dvorska
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (Z.D.); (D.D.); (V.L.); (B.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Vincent Lucansky
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (Z.D.); (D.D.); (V.L.); (B.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Bibiana Malicherova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (Z.D.); (D.D.); (V.L.); (B.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Ivana Kasubova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (Z.D.); (D.D.); (V.L.); (B.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Jan Bujnak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kukuras Michalovce Hospital, 07101 Michalovce, Slovakia;
| | - Milos Mlyncek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty Hospital Nitra, Constantine the Philosopher University, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Carlos Alberto Dussan
- Department of Surgery, Orthopaedics and Oncology, University Hospital Linköping, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144 Doha, Qatar;
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany;
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Wang F, Xiang Z, Huang T, Zhang M, Zhou WB. ANLN Directly Interacts with RhoA to Promote Doxorubicin Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:9725-9734. [PMID: 33116832 PMCID: PMC7548225 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s261828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy resistance is the leading cause of cancer treatment failure. This research was conducted to explore a potential link between actin-binding protein anillin (ANLN) and doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer. Materials and Methods We compared ANLN expression and 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of doxorubicin in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and human breast cancer cells with doxorubicin resistance (MDA-MB-231/ADM). Co-immunoprecipitation was used to investigate the interaction between ANLN and RhoA. The cell viability, apoptosis, gene and protein expression were estimated by MTT, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Results The doxorubicin resistance in MDA-MB-231/ADM cells (IC50 = 19.40 ± 1.16 μg/mL) was significantly higher than that in MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 1.65 ± 0.23 μg/mL). ANLN was up-regulated in MDA-MB-231/ADM cells compared to MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, ANLN overexpression promoted cell viability and inhibited apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. The gene and protein expression of multidrug resistance (MDR1) and cancer resistance protein (BCRP) were enhanced by ANLN overexpression in MDA-MB-231 cells. ANLN silencing suppressed cell viability and the expression of MDR1 and BCRP and facilitated apoptosis in MDA-MB-231/ADM cells. Moreover, ANLN promoted RhoA activation by interacting with RhoA. ANLN up-regulation enhanced cell viability and the expression of MDR1 and BCRP and decreased apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. The influence conferred by ANLN overexpression was effectively abolished by C3 transferase. Conclusion This work revealed that ANLN promoted doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer cells by activating RhoA. Thus, our study suggests a novel target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Bing Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
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Lupean RA, Ștefan PA, Feier DS, Csutak C, Ganeshan B, Lebovici A, Petresc B, Mihu CM. Radiomic Analysis of MRI Images is Instrumental to the Stratification of Ovarian Cysts. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030127. [PMID: 32937851 PMCID: PMC7563604 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The imaging diagnosis of malignant ovarian cysts relies on their morphological features, which are not always specific to malignancy. The histological analysis of these cysts shows specific fluid characteristics, which cannot be assessed by conventional imaging techniques. This study investigates whether the texture-based radiomics analysis (TA) of magnetic resonance (MRI) images of the fluid content within ovarian cysts can function as a noninvasive tool in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions. Twenty-eight patients with benign (n = 15) and malignant (n = 13) ovarian cysts who underwent MRI examinations were retrospectively included. TA of the fluid component was undertaken on an axial T2-weighted sequence. A comparison of resulted parameters between benign and malignant groups was undertaken using univariate, multivariate, multiple regression, and receiver operating characteristics analyses, with the calculation of the area under the curve (AUC). The standard deviation of pixel intensity was identified as an independent predictor of malignant cysts (AUC = 0.738; sensitivity, 61.54%; specificity, 86.67%). The prediction model was able to identify malignant lesions with 84.62% sensitivity and 80% specificity (AUC = 0.841). TA of the fluid contained within the ovarian cysts can differentiate between malignant and benign lesions and potentially act as a noninvasive tool augmenting the imaging diagnosis of ovarian cystic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana-Adelina Lupean
- Histology, Morphological Sciences Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street, number 4, Cluj-Napoca, 400349 Cluj, Romania; (R.-A.L.); (C.M.M.)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic “Dominic Stanca”, County Emergency Hospital, 21 Decembrie 1989 Boulevard, number 55, Cluj-Napoca, 400094 Cluj, Romania
| | - Paul-Andrei Ștefan
- Anatomy and Embryology, Morphological Sciences Department, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babeș Street, number 8, Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj, Romania
- Radiology and Imaging Department, County Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor Street, number 5, Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj, Romania; (C.C.); (A.L.); (B.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.-A.Ș.); (D.S.F.); Tel.: +40-743957206 (P.-A.Ș.); +40-740537872 (D.S.F.); Fax: +40-264596085 (P.-A.Ș.)
| | - Diana Sorina Feier
- Radiology and Imaging Department, County Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor Street, number 5, Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj, Romania; (C.C.); (A.L.); (B.P.)
- Radiology, Surgical Specialties Department, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, number 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj, Romania
- Correspondence: (P.-A.Ș.); (D.S.F.); Tel.: +40-743957206 (P.-A.Ș.); +40-740537872 (D.S.F.); Fax: +40-264596085 (P.-A.Ș.)
| | - Csaba Csutak
- Radiology and Imaging Department, County Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor Street, number 5, Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj, Romania; (C.C.); (A.L.); (B.P.)
- Radiology, Surgical Specialties Department, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, number 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj, Romania
| | - Balaji Ganeshan
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK;
| | - Andrei Lebovici
- Radiology and Imaging Department, County Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor Street, number 5, Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj, Romania; (C.C.); (A.L.); (B.P.)
- Radiology, Surgical Specialties Department, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor Street, number 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj, Romania
| | - Bianca Petresc
- Radiology and Imaging Department, County Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor Street, number 5, Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj, Romania; (C.C.); (A.L.); (B.P.)
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Histology, Morphological Sciences Department, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street, number 4, Cluj-Napoca, 400349 Cluj, Romania; (R.-A.L.); (C.M.M.)
- Radiology and Imaging Department, County Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor Street, number 5, Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj, Romania; (C.C.); (A.L.); (B.P.)
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Koklesova L, Liskova A, Samec M, Buhrmann C, Samuel SM, Varghese E, Ashrafizadeh M, Najafi M, Shakibaei M, Büsselberg D, Giordano FA, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Carotenoids in Cancer Apoptosis-The Road from Bench to Bedside and Back. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2425. [PMID: 32859058 PMCID: PMC7563597 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An incidence and mortality of cancer are rapidly growing worldwide, especially due to heterogeneous character of the disease that is associated with irreversible impairment of cellular homeostasis and function. Targeting apoptosis, one of cancer hallmarks, represents a potent cancer treatment strategy. Carotenoids are phytochemicals represented by carotenes, xanthophylls, and derived compounds such as apocarotenoids that demonstrate a broad spectrum of anti-cancer effects involving pro-apoptotic signaling through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. As demonstrated in preclinical oncology research, the apoptotic modulation is performed at post-genomic levels. Further, carotenoids demonstrate additive/synergistic action in combination with conventional oncostatic agents. In addition, a sensitization of tumor cells to anti-cancer conventional treatment can be achieved by carotenoids. The disadvantage of anti-cancer application of carotenoids is associated with their low solubility and, therefore, poor bioavailability. However, this deficiency can be improved by using nanotechnological approaches, solid dispersions, microemulsions or biofortification that significantly increase the anti-cancer and pro-apoptotic efficacy of carotenoids. Only limited number of studies dealing with apoptotic potential of carotenoids has been published in clinical sphere. Pro-apoptotic effects of carotenoids should be beneficial for individuals at high risk of cancer development. The article considers the utility of carotenoids in the framework of 3P medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (L.K.); (A.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Constanze Buhrmann
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (C.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (S.M.S.); (E.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (S.M.S.); (E.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 51368 Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 67146 Kermanshah, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany; (C.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (S.M.S.); (E.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Liskova A, Samec M, Koklesova L, Giordano FA, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Liquid Biopsy is Instrumental for 3PM Dimensional Solutions in Cancer Management. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2749. [PMID: 32854390 PMCID: PMC7563444 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One in every four deaths is due to cancer in Europe. In view of its increasing incidence, cancer became the leading cause of death and disease burden in Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the UK. Without essential improvements in cancer prevention, an additional 775,000 cases of annual incidence have been prognosed until 2040. Between 1995 and 2018, the direct costs of cancer doubled from EUR 52 billion to EUR 103 billion in Europe, and per capita health spending on cancer increased by 86% from EUR 105 to EUR 195 in general, whereby Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Benelux, and France spend the most on cancer care compared to other European countries. In view of the consequent severe socio-economic burden on society, the paradigm change from a reactive to a predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach in the overall cancer management is essential. Concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) demonstrate a great potential to revise the above presented trends and to implement cost-effective healthcare that benefits the patient and society as a whole. At any stage, application of early and predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention, and personalization of medical services are basic pillars making 3PM particularly attractive for the patients as well as ethical and cost-effective healthcare. Optimal 3PM approach requires novel instruments such as well-designed liquid biopsy application. This review article highlights current achievements and details liquid biopsy approaches specifically in cancer management. 3PM-relevant expert recommendations are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (A.L.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Integration of quantitative phosphoproteomics and transcriptomics revealed phosphorylation-mediated molecular events as useful tools for a potential patient stratification and personalized treatment of human nonfunctional pituitary adenomas. EPMA J 2020; 11:419-467. [PMID: 32849927 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Invasiveness is a very challenging clinical problem in nonfunctional pituitary adenomas (NFPAs), and currently, there are no effective invasiveness-related molecular biomarkers. The post-neurosurgery treatment is much different as for invasive and noninvasive NFPAs. The aim of this study was to integrate phosphoproteomics and transcriptomics data to reveal phosphorylation-mediated molecular events for invasive characteristics of NFPAs to achieve a potential tool for patient stratification, and prognostic/predictive assessment to discriminate invasive from noninvasive NFPAs for personalized attitude. Methods The 6-plex tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling reagents coupled with TiO2 enrichment of phosphopeptides and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to identify and quantify each phosphoprotein and phosphosite in NFPAs and controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between invasive NFPA and control tissues were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The overlapping analysis was performed between phosphoprotiens and invasive DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were used to analyze these overlapped molecules. Results In total, 1035 phosphoproteins with 2982 phosphorylation sites were identified in NFPAs vs. controls, and 2751 DEGs were identified in invasive NFPAs vs. controls. Overlapping analysis of these phosphoproteins and DEGs exposed 130 overlapped molecules (phosphoproteins; invasive DEGs). GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses of 130 overlapped molecules revealed multiple biological processes and signaling pathway network alterations, including cell-cell adhesion, platelet activation, GTPase signaling pathway, protein kinase signaling, calcium signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, glucagon signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, GnRH signaling pathway, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, which were obviously associated with tumor invasive characteristics. For 130 overlapped molecules, PPI network-based molecular complex detection (MCODE) identified 10 hub molecules, namely SLC2A4, TSC2, AKT1, SCG3, ALB, APOL1, ACACA, SPARCL1, CHGB, and IGFBP5. These hub molecules are involved in multiple signaling pathways and represent potential predictive/prognostic markers in NFPA patients as well as they represent potential therapeutic targets. Conclusions This study provided the first large-scale phosphoprotein profiling and phosphorylation-related signaling pathway network alterations in human NFPA tissues. Further, overlapping analysis of phosphoproteins and invasive DEGs revealed the phosphorylation-mediated signaling pathway network changes in invasive NFPAs. These findings are the precious resource for in-depth insight into the molecular mechanisms of NFPAs, as well as for the discovery of effective phosphoprotein biomarkers and therapeutic targets for invasive NFPAs.
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Saridemir S, Güven HE, Aksel B, Doğan L. Serum AMDL DR-70 levels: a new concept in the diagnosis and follow-up of colorectal carcinoma. Biomark Med 2020; 14:621-628. [PMID: 32608998 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic potential of DR-70 assay in patients with colorectal cancer and to investigate the relationship between serum DR-70 levels and the biological characteristic of the tumor. Patients & methods: The experimental group included patients who were diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma after biopsy specimen. The control group of this study consisted of patients whose total colonoscopy was reported as normal. Results: Serum levels of DR-70 was found to be significantly higher in patients with colorectal cancer than healthy participants (p = 0.001). Receiver operating curve analyses indicated a cut-off value of 1.69 μg/ml for serum DR-70 levels. Stage of the disease, grade of the tumor, number of metastatic lymph nodes and microsatellite instability status were significantly related to serum DR-70 levels (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: It can be concluded that serum levels of DR-70 can be regarded as an indicator for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Saridemir
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Oncology Training & Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hikmet E Güven
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Gülhane Training & Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bülent Aksel
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Oncology Training & Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lütfi Doğan
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Oncology Training & Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
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Pál I, Szilágyi B, Nagy B, Pál T, Hodosi K, Illés Á, Váróczy L. The Impact of Beta-Catenin and glutathione-S-transferase Gene Polymorphisms on the Treatment Results and Survival of Multiple Myeloma Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:1633-1638. [PMID: 31506802 PMCID: PMC7297842 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease, however, novel therapeutic agents has significantly improved its prognosis. In this study we analyzed if polymorphisms in the genes of β-catenin and glutathione-S-transferase have affected the clinical course, treatment response and progression-free survival (PFS) of MM patients. Ninety-seven MM patients were involved who were administered immunomodulatory drug (Imid) or alkylating agent-based therapy. β-catenin (CTNNB1, rs4135385 A > G, rs4533622 A > C) and glutathione-S-transferase (GSTP1 105, GSTP1 114) gene polymorphisms were analyzed by Light SNiP assays. The distribution of CTNNB1 (rs4135385) AA, AG and GG genotypes were 48.4%, 47.4% and 4,1%, respectively. Patients with AA genotype were older than those who carried G allele (64.5 vs. 61.0 years of age, p < 0.05). Response to Imid-based therapies (p < 0.05) and PFS (p = 0.032) were significantly more favourable in the AA homozygous group. The other polymorphism (rs4533622) of β-catenin gene did not markedly influence these clinical parameters, although MM was diagnosed at significantly younger age in subjects with CC genotype compared to AG/AA combined genotypes (59.1 vs. 65.7 years, p = 0.015). When GSTP1 polymorphisms were investigated, no such significant associations were observed. Our results demonstrate that the polymorphism of β-catenin gene (rs4135385) may be an independent predictive factor in MM.
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Pelizzaro F, Soldà F, Cardin R, Imondi A, Sartori A, Penzo B, Sammarco A, Aliberti C, Vitale A, Cillo U, Farinati F. SCCA-IgM in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization: gender-related differences. Biomark Med 2020; 14:855-867. [PMID: 32808827 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Squamous cell carcinoma antigen immune complexed with immunoglobulin M (SCCA-IgM) is a useful but not completely satisfactory biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Considering its gender-specific behavior in preclinical models, we investigated gender-related differences of SCCA-IgM as a prognostic marker in HCC. Patients & methods: Two hundred and eight prospectively recruited patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization in a single tertiary care hospital were retrospectively evaluated. Correlations between SCCA-IgM levels, clinical characteristics and survival were assessed according to gender. Results: When the disease was advanced, SCCA-IgM was higher in males and lower in females. Levels below 130 AU/ml predicted a significantly longer survival in males (p = 0.007) and a shorter survival in females (p = 0.01). Conclusion: In predicting the prognosis of HCC patients, the interpretation of SCCA-IgM should consider gender as a relevant variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pelizzaro
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Soldà
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Romilda Cardin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Imondi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Sartori
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Penzo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ambra Sammarco
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Camillo Aliberti
- Department of Radiology, Radiology Unit, Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery & Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery & Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Farinati
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Im JH, Yoo BC, Lee JH, Kim KH, Kim TH, Lee KY, Kim JH, Park JB, Kwon JW, Shin SH, Yoo H, Gwak HS. Comparative cerebrospinal fluid metabolites profiling in glioma patients to predict malignant transformation and leptomeningeal metastasis with a potential for preventive personalized medicine. EPMA J 2020; 11:469-484. [PMID: 32849928 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioma shows progression presenting as malignant transformation or leptomeningeal metastasis (LM). However, longitudinal biopsy of brain parenchyma is difficult due to its critical location, whereas cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be obtained serially with a little invasiveness of puncture. Thus, if we could find a biomarker for glioma progression, we could predict such event and determine therapeutic interventions as early as possible. In this study, we examined whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolome profiles can reflect glioma grade, difference with non-glial tumor, and LM status. We selected 32 CSF samples from glioma patients, and compared them with 10 non-tumor control and seven non-glial brain tumor (medulloblastoma) samples. A total of 10,408 low-mass ions (LMIs) were detected as a candidate of metabolites using mass spectrometry, and representative LMIs were identified via the Human Metabolome Database. Grade IV gliomas showed eight LMIs, including acetic acid, of higher levels (summed sensitivity and specificity > 180%) than grade III gliomas. Grade IV gliomas demonstrated more abundant 30 LMIs, including glycerophosphate, compared with medulloblastoma, but none was mutually exclusive. Phospholipid derivatives were significantly more abundant in LM (-) than LM (+) gliomas regardless of glioma grade. LMIs representative of LM (+) gliomas were derivatives of glycolysis. We also verified discriminative LMIs based on mean expression level of each LMI (Student t test, p < 0.05) and evaluated the differences of the above analyses. Over 90% of metabolite pathways indicated from two analytical models were common to each other. Non-targeted mass spectrometry of CSF metabolites revealed significantly different profiles across gliomas that possibly permitted differentiation between glioma grades, LM, and non-glial brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Im
- Department of Cancer Control, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10408 Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwa Lee
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyue-Yim Lee
- Department of Cancer Control, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10408 Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Heon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Kwon
- Neuro-oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Shin
- Neuro-oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Yoo
- Neuro-oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Shin Gwak
- Department of Cancer Control, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10408 Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
- Neuro-oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Srivastava SP, Goodwin JE. Cancer Biology and Prevention in Diabetes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061380. [PMID: 32498358 PMCID: PMC7349292 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The available evidence suggests a complex relationship between diabetes and cancer. Epidemiological data suggest a positive correlation, however, in certain types of cancer, a more complex picture emerges, such as in some site-specific cancers being specific to type I diabetes but not to type II diabetes. Reports share common and differential mechanisms which affect the relationship between diabetes and cancer. We discuss the use of antidiabetic drugs in a wide range of cancer therapy and cancer therapeutics in the development of hyperglycemia, especially antineoplastic drugs which often induce hyperglycemia by targeting insulin/IGF-1 signaling. Similarly, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), a well-known target in type II diabetes mellitus, has differential effects on cancer types. Past studies suggest a protective role of DPP-4 inhibitors, but recent studies show that DPP-4 inhibition induces cancer metastasis. Moreover, molecular pathological mechanisms of cancer in diabetes are currently largely unclear. The cancer-causing mechanisms in diabetes have been shown to be complex, including excessive ROS-formation, destruction of essential biomolecules, chronic inflammation, and impaired healing phenomena, collectively leading to carcinogenesis in diabetic conditions. Diabetes-associated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contribute to cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) formation in tumors, allowing the epithelium and endothelium to enable tumor cell extravasation. In this review, we discuss the risk of cancer associated with anti-diabetic therapies, including DPP-4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors, and the role of catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT), AMPK, and cell-specific glucocorticoid receptors in cancer biology. We explore possible mechanistic links between diabetes and cancer biology and discuss new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prakash Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
- Correspondence: (S.P.S.); (J.E.G.)
| | - Julie E. Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8064, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
- Correspondence: (S.P.S.); (J.E.G.)
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Koklesova L, Liskova A, Samec M, Qaradakhi T, Zulli A, Smejkal K, Kajo K, Jakubikova J, Behzadi P, Pec M, Zubor P, Biringer K, Kwon TK, Büsselberg D, Sarria GR, Giordano FA, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Genoprotective activities of plant natural substances in cancer and chemopreventive strategies in the context of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2020; 11:261-287. [PMID: 32547652 PMCID: PMC7272522 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe durable changes may occur to the DNA structure caused by exogenous and endogenous risk factors initiating the process of carcinogenesis. By evidence, a large portion of malignancies have been demonstrated as being preventable. Moreover, the targeted prevention of cancer onset is possible, due to unique properties of plant bioactive compounds. Although genoprotective effects of phytochemicals have been well documented, there is an evident lack of articles which would systematically present the spectrum of anticancer effects by phytochemicals, plant extracts, and plant-derived diet applicable to stratified patient groups at the level of targeted primary (cancer development) and secondary (cancer progression and metastatic disease) prevention. Consequently, clinical implementation of knowledge accumulated in the area is still highly restricted. To stimulate coherent co-development of the dedicated plant bioactive compound investigation on one hand and comprehensive cancer preventive strategies on the other hand, the current paper highlights and deeply analyses relevant evidence available in the area. Key molecular mechanisms are presented to detail genoprotective and anticancer activities of plants and phytochemicals. Clinical implementation is discussed. Based on the presented evidence, advanced chemopreventive strategies in the context of 3P medicine are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tawar Qaradakhi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Karel Smejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Oncology Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jakubikova
- Biomedical Research Center SAS, Cancer Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- OBGY Health & Care, Ltd., 01001 Zilina, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, 42601 Korea
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gustavo R. Sarria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Reddy V, Grogan D, Ahluwalia M, Salles ÉL, Ahluwalia P, Khodadadi H, Alverson K, Nguyen A, Raju SP, Gaur P, Braun M, Vale FL, Costigliola V, Dhandapani K, Baban B, Vaibhav K. Targeting the endocannabinoid system: a predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine-directed approach to the management of brain pathologies. EPMA J 2020; 11:217-250. [PMID: 32549916 PMCID: PMC7272537 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis-inspired medical products are garnering increasing attention from the scientific community, general public, and health policy makers. A plethora of scientific literature demonstrates intricate engagement of the endocannabinoid system with human immunology, psychology, developmental processes, neuronal plasticity, signal transduction, and metabolic regulation. Despite the therapeutic potential, the adverse psychoactive effects and historical stigma, cannabinoids have limited widespread clinical application. Therefore, it is plausible to weigh carefully the beneficial effects of cannabinoids against the potential adverse impacts for every individual. This is where the concept of "personalized medicine" as a promising approach for disease prediction and prevention may take into the account. The goal of this review is to provide an outline of the endocannabinoid system, including endocannabinoid metabolizing pathways, and will progress to a more in-depth discussion of the therapeutic interventions by endocannabinoids in various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi Reddy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Dayton Grogan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Évila Lopes Salles
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Pankaj Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Katelyn Alverson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Andy Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Srikrishnan P. Raju
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Brown University, Providence, RI USA
| | - Pankaj Gaur
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Molly Braun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
- VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, USA
| | - Fernando L. Vale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | | | - Krishnan Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
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Rho GTPases in Gynecologic Cancers: In-Depth Analysis toward the Paradigm Change from Reactive to Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized Medical Approach Benefiting the Patient and Healthcare. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051292. [PMID: 32443784 PMCID: PMC7281750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho guanosine triphospatases (GTPases) resemble a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and several signaling pathways central for the cell. Rho GTPases create a so-called Ras-superfamily of GTPases subdivided into subgroups comprising at least 20 members. Rho GTPases play a key regulatory role in gene expression, cell cycle control and proliferation, epithelial cell polarity, cell migration, survival, and apoptosis, among others. They also have tissue-related functions including angiogenesis being involved in inflammatory and wound healing processes. Contextually, any abnormality in the Rho GTPase function may result in severe consequences at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Rho GTPases also play a key role in tumorigenesis and metastatic disease. Corresponding mechanisms include a number of targets such as kinases and scaffold/adaptor-like proteins initiating GTPases-related signaling cascades. The accumulated evidence demonstrates the oncogenic relevance of Rho GTPases for several solid malignancies including breast, liver, bladder, melanoma, testicular, lung, central nervous system (CNS), head and neck, cervical, and ovarian cancers. Furthermore, Rho GTPases play a crucial role in the development of radio- and chemoresistance e.g. under cisplatin-based cancer treatment. This article provides an in-depth overview on the role of Rho GTPases in gynecological cancers, highlights relevant signaling pathways and pathomechanisms, and sheds light on their involvement in tumor progression, metastatic spread, and radio/chemo resistance. In addition, insights into a spectrum of novel biomarkers and innovative approaches based on the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine are provided.
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Sharma R. An examination of colorectal cancer burden by socioeconomic status: evidence from GLOBOCAN 2018. EPMA J 2020; 11:95-117. [PMID: 32140188 PMCID: PMC7028897 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND BACKGROUND Colon and rectum (colorectal) cancer cause substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. The management and control of a complex disease such as cancer cannot rely on the old strategy of "one disease one medicine" and must make a transition into new-age practices involving predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) at its core. Adoption of PPPM approach to cancer management at the policy level requires quantification of cancer burden at the country level. For this purpose, we examine the burden of colorectal cancer in 185 countries in 2018. Based on results, we discuss the opportunities presented by PPPM and challenges to be encountered while adopting PPPM for the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer. DATA AND METHODS Age- and sex-wise estimates of colorectal cancer were procured from the GLOBOCAN 2018. The country- and region-wise burden of colorectal cancer in 185 countries was examined using all-age and age-standardized incidence and mortality estimates. Human development index (HDI) was employed as the indicator of socioeconomic status of a country. Mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was employed as the proxy of 5-year survival rate. RESULTS Globally, colorectal cancer claimed an estimated 880,792 lives (males 484,224; females 396,568) with 1.85 million new cases (males 1.03 million; females 823,303) were estimated to be diagnosed in 2018. Globally, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 19.7/100,000, whereas age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) recorded to be 16.3/100,000 in 2018. Age-standardized rates were the highest in developed countries led by Hungary with ASIR of 51.2/100,000 followed by South Korea with ASIR of 44.5/100,000. ASMR followed the patterns of ASIR with the highest ASMR recorded by Hungary (21.5 per 100,000) and Slovakia (20.4 per 100,000). Globally, MIR stood at 0.48, and among the countries recording more than 1000 cases, Nepal registered the highest MIR of 0.83 and the lowest was recorded by South Korea (0.27). The age-standardized rates exhibited nonlinear association with HDI, whereas MIR was negatively associated with HDI. CONCLUSION Colorectal cancer causes a substantial burden worldwide and exhibit a positive association with the socioeconomic status. With the aid of improving screening modalities, preventable nature of the disease (due to dietary and lifestyle risk factors) and improving treatment procedures, the burden of CRC can largely be curtailed. The high burden of CRC in developing countries, therefore, calls for effective prevention strategies, cost-effective screening, and early-stage detection, cost-effective predictive, and personalized treatment regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sharma
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, Vivek Vihar- Phase II, Delhi, 110095 India
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Dietary phytochemicals as the potential protectors against carcinogenesis and their role in cancer chemoprevention. Clin Exp Med 2020; 20:173-190. [PMID: 32016615 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Health-threatening consequences of carcinogen exposure are mediated via occurrence of electrophiles or reactive oxygen species. As a result, the accumulation of biomolecular damage leads to the cancer initiation, promotion or progression. Accordingly, there is an association between lifestyle factors including inappropriate diet or carcinogen formation during food processing, mainstream, second or third-hand tobacco smoke and other environmental or occupational carcinogens and malignant transformation. Nevertheless, increasing evidence supports the protective effects of naturally occurring phytochemicals against carcinogen exposure as well as carcinogenesis in general. Isolated phytochemicals or their mixtures present in the whole plant food demonstrate efficacy against malignancy induced by carcinogens widely spread in our environment. Phytochemicals also minimize the generation of carcinogenic substances during the processing of meat and meat products. Based on numerous data, selected phytochemicals or plant foods should be highly recommended to become a stable and regular part of the diet as the protectors against carcinogenesis.
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Cheng T, Wang Y, Lu M, Zhan X, Zhou T, Li B, Zhan X. Quantitative Analysis of Proteome in Non-functional Pituitary Adenomas: Clinical Relevance and Potential Benefits for the Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:854. [PMID: 31920968 PMCID: PMC6915109 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-functional pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is a common tumor that occurs in the pituitary gland, and generally without any symptoms at its early stage and without clinical elevation of hormones, which is commonly diagnosed when it grows up to compress its surrounding tissues and organs. Currently, the pathogenesis of NFPA has not been clarified yet. It is necessary to investigate molecular alterations in NFPA, and identify reliable biomarkers and drug therapeutic targets for effective treatments. Methods: Tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics was used to identify and quantify proteins in NFPAs. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to analyze the identified proteins. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NFPA and control tissues were obtained from GEO datasets. These two sets of protein and gene data were analyzed to obtain overlapped molecules (genes; proteins), followed by further GO and KEGG pathway analyses of these overlapped molecules, and molecular network analysis to obtain the hub molecules with Cytoscape. Two hub molecules (SRC and AKT1) were verified with Western blotting. Results: Totally 6076 proteins in NFPA tissues were identified, and 3598 DEGs between NFPA and control tissues were identified from GEO database. Overlapping analysis of 6076 proteins and 3598 DEGs obtained 1088 overlapped molecules (DEGs; proteins). KEGG pathway analysis of 6076 proteins obtained 114 statistically significant pathways, including endocytosis, and spliceosome signaling pathways. KEGG pathway analysis of 1088 overlapped molecules obtained 52 statistically significant pathways, including focal adhesion, cGMP-PKG pathway, and platelet activation signaling pathways. These pathways play important roles in cell energy supply, adhesion, and maintenance of the tumor microenvironment. According to the association degree in Cytoscape, ten hub molecules (DEGs; proteins) were identified, including GAPDH, ALB, ACACA, SRC, ENO2, CALM1, POTEE, HSPA8, DECR1, and AKT1. Western-blotting analysis confirmed the upregulated expressions of SRC and PTMScan experiment confirmed the increased levels of pAKT1, in NFPAs compared to controls. Conclusions: This study established the large-scale quantitative protein profiling of NFPA tissue proteome. It offers a basis for subsequent in-depth proteomics analysis of NFPAs, and insight into the molecular mechanism of NFPAs. It also provided the basic data to discover reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NFPA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miaolong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Biao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ferda J, Baxa J, Ferdova E, Kucera R, Topolcan O, Molacek J. Abdominal aortic aneurysm in prostate cancer patients: the "road map" from incidental detection to advanced predictive, preventive, and personalized approach utilizing common follow-up for both pathologies. EPMA J 2019; 10:415-423. [PMID: 31832115 PMCID: PMC6882970 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is often a hidden pathological process showing no clinical symptoms. Genetic burden, smoking, male gender, age > 65 years, and white race have been identified as the main risk factors. A regular screening program has been introduced but is, as yet, unclear and is not performed in most countries. Prostate cancer is the most frequent male malignant disease in Western countries. Prostate cancer is a disease of older age with a median primary diagnosis of over 60 years. In recent years, advanced imaging methods have been established as important diagnostic tools in prostate cancer diagnostics. The incidental detection of AAA during diagnostic imaging performed due to prostate cancer diagnosis could reveal some asymptomatic aneurysms. Using our experience, the incidental detection of AAA during 18F-fluoromethylcholine PET/CT imaging, performed due to the staging, follow-up, and restaging of the prostate cancer, was reworked into a regular tool of secondary prevention within the framework of personalized medicine strategies. Experience with this type of AAA detection is demonstrated by a cohort of 500 patients who underwent 18F-fluorometylcholine PET/CT examination due to the staging or restaging of prostate cancer. A total of 28 aneurysms were detected (26 aneurysms < 50 mm, 2 aneurysms > 50 mm). In 2 cases (diameter < 50 mm), serious complications were found (penetrating aortic ulcer). The detection and monitoring of AAA in patients undergoing 18F-fluorometylcholine PET/CT due to the prostate cancer offers the possibility of a secondary prevention of AAA, patient stratification, and common follow-up for both pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Ferda
- Department of Imaging Methods, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Baxa
- Department of Imaging Methods, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Ferdova
- Department of Imaging Methods, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kucera
- Department of Immunochemistry Diagnostics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Topolcan
- Department of Immunochemistry Diagnostics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Molacek
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Wang Y, Cheng T, Lu M, Mu Y, Li B, Li X, Zhan X. TMT-based quantitative proteomics revealed follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-related molecular characterizations for potentially prognostic assessment and personalized treatment of FSH-positive non-functional pituitary adenomas. EPMA J 2019; 10:395-414. [PMID: 31832114 PMCID: PMC6882982 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-functional pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is highly heterogeneous with different hormone expression subtypes. Of them, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-positive expression is an important subtype of NFPAs. It is well-known that FSH exerted its functions through binding its receptor. However, the expression rate of FSH receptor was significantly higher in aggressive pituitary adenomas. This study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of FSH-positive NFPAs for effective stratification of patient, target treatment, prognostic assessment, and personalized treatment of FSH-positive NFPAs. METHODS Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics was used to investigate differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between FSH-positive and negative NFPAs. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were used to analyze the DEPs. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between invasive and non-invasive NFPAs from GEO database were analyzed with pathway enrichment analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed based on DEPs in excetral cellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt pathways. Cytoscape was used to obtain most significant modules. Western blot was used to validate the expressions of upregulated proteins (ITGA1, ITGA6, and ITGB4), the expression and phosphorylated status of Akt in PI3K-Akt pathway, and the expression of FSH receptors in FSH-positive relative to negative NFPAs. RESULTS A total of 594 DEPs (374 upregulated and 220 downregulated) were identified between FSH-positive and negative NFPAs. Nineteen KEGG pathway networks were identified to involve DEPs, and reveal molecular differences between FSH-positive and negative NFPAs, including three important pathways that were significantly associated with tumor invasiveness and aggressiveness: ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Further, focal adhesion pathway was also confirmed with invasiveness-related NFPA DEG data that were derived from GEO database. Moreover, the significantly upregulated DEPs (ITGA1, ITGA6, and ITGB4) that were associated with tumor invasiveness and aggressiveness were confirmed by immunoaffinity analysis in FSH-positive vs. negative NFPAs. Also, the phosphorylation level but not its expression level of AKT in PI3K-AKT signaling was significantly increased, and the expression level of FSH receptor was significantly increased in FSH-positive relative to negative NFPAs. Also, overlapping analysis of 594 DEPs and 898 DEGs revealed 45 invasiveness-related DEPs, including 11 upregulated DEPs (ITGA6, FARP1, PALLD, PPBP, LIMA1, SCD, UACA, BAG3, CLU, PLEC, and GATM) that were also upregulated genes in invasive NFPAs, and 8 downregulated DEPs (ALCAM, HP, FSTL4, IL13RA2, NPTX2, DPP6, CRABP2, and SLC27A2) that were also downregulated genes in invasive NFPAs. CONCLUSIONS FSH-positive expression was an important NFPA subtype. It was the first time for this study to reveal FSH-related proteomic variations and the corresponding molecular network alterations in FSH-positive relative to negative NFPAs. Also, three signaling pathways (ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways) and involved upregulated proteins (ITGA1, ITGA6, ITGB4, pAKT, and FSHR) were significantly associated with tumor invasiveness and aggressiveness, and a set of invasiveness-related DEPs were identified with overlapping analysis of 594 DEPs in FSH-positive vs. negative NFPAs and 898 DEGs in invasive vs. non-invasive NFPAs. These findings offered the scientific evidence to in-depth understand molecular characteristics of FSH-positive NFPAs, and effectively stratify the post-surgery patients for personalized prognostic assessment and targeted treatment of FSH-positive NFPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaolong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Mu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 88 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
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PROMs in post-mastectomy care: Patient self-reports (BREAST-Q™) as a powerful instrument to personalize medical services. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019; 46:1034-1040. [PMID: 31812290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2019.11.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the goals of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is to satisfy the patient's outcome. Recent studies therefore tended to focus on the patient's perception of the care and on the impact on quality of life using patients-reported-outcome-measures (PROMs), able to measure the health status directly without the clinician's interposition. We present a preliminary prospective study on 333 patients who underwent mastectomy with IBR in a two-year period, in a single Italian centre, using a dedicated PROMs, the BREAST-Q™, to determine the patient's satisfaction. We studied two groups of IBR: Group A (two-step with tissue-expander) and Group B (one-step: prosthesis/mesh) and conducted a pre- and post-operative comparison for each group to evaluate score-gain over time, and a group-score comparison to determine whether differences were significant between reconstruction types. Two-hundred-and-nine were actually enrolled and 132 completed all the questionnaires. The response rate was 62.8% and the compliance rate (completion of all the questionnaires) was 63.1%. In both groups all the analyzed domains worsened comparing the pre and post-operative period; the differences were statistically significant only for physical and sexual-wellbeing. In the comparison between the two groups, none of the detected differences reached the statistical significance. According to our experience, we can state that PROMs could improve the health concept redefining the variables to be monitored even if data is still insufficient to draw any definitive conclusion. PROMs can help surgeons and patients decide the most appropriate surgery for a particular patient-profile and to identify those who require further support.
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Potential predictive value of cofilin-1 for metastasis occurrence in a small cohort of Argentinian patients with mid-low Breslow thickness melanoma. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Li N, Zhan X. Identification of clinical trait-related lncRNA and mRNA biomarkers with weighted gene co-expression network analysis as useful tool for personalized medicine in ovarian cancer. EPMA J 2019; 10:273-290. [PMID: 31462944 PMCID: PMC6695468 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
RELEVANCE The pathogenesis and biomarkers of ovarian cancer (OC) remain not well-known in diagnosis, effective therapy, and prognostic assessment in OC personalized medicine. The novel identified lncRNA and mRNA biomarkers from gene co-expression modules associated with clinical traits provide new insight for effective treatment of ovarian cancer. PURPOSE Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are relevant to tumorigenesis via multiple mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate cancer-specific lncRNAs and mRNAs, and their related networks in OCs. METHODS This study comprehensively analyzed lncRNAs and mRNAs with associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and lncRNA-RNA binding protein-mRNA network in the OC tissues in the Cancer Genome Atlas, including 2562 cancer-specific lncRNAs (n = 352 OC tissues) and 5000 mRNAs (n = 359 OC tissues). The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct the co-expression gene modules and their relationship with clinical traits. The statistically significant difference of identified lncRNAs and mRNAs was confirmed with qRT-PCR in OC cells. RESULTS An lncRNA-based co-expression module was significantly correlated with patient age at initial pathologic diagnosis, lymphatic invasion, tissues source site, and vascular invasion, and identified 16 lncRNAs (ACTA2-AS1, CARD8-AS1, HCP5, HHIP-AS1, HOTAIRM1, ITGB2-AS1, LINC00324, LINC00605, LINC01503, LINC01547, MIR31HG, MIR155HG, OTUD6B-AS1, PSMG3-AS1, SH3PXD2A-AS1, and ZBED5-AS1) that were significantly related to overall survival in OC patients. An mRNA-based co-expression module was significantly correlated with patient age at initial pathologic diagnosis, lymphatic invasion, tumor residual disease, and vascular invasion; and identified 21 hub-mRNA molecules and 11 mRNAs (FBN3, TCF7L1, SBK1, TRO, TUBB2B, PLCG1, KIAA1549, PHC1, DNMT3A, LAMA1, and C10orf82) that were closely linked with OC patients' overall survival. Moreover, the prognostic model of five-gene signature (OTUD6B-AS1, PSMG3-AS1, ZBED5-AS1, SBK1, and PLCG1) was constructed to predict risk score in OC patients. Furthermore, starBase bioinformatics constructed the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-RNA binding protein-mRNA networks in OCs. CONCLUSION These new findings showed that lncRNA-related networks in OCs are a useful resource for identification of biomarkers in OCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Structural Biology and Drug Design, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 88 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008 People’s Republic of China
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Seifirad S, Haghpanah V. Inappropriate modeling of chronic and complex disorders: How to reconsider the approach in the context of predictive, preventive and personalized medicine, and translational medicine. EPMA J 2019; 10:195-209. [PMID: 31462938 PMCID: PMC6695463 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical investigations such as animal modeling make the basis of clinical investigations and subsequently patient care. Predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) not only highlights a patient-tailored approach by choosing the right medication, the right dose at the right time point but it as well essentially requires early identification, by the means of complex and state-of-the-art technologies of unmanifested pathological processes in an individual, in order to deliver targeted prevention early enough to reverse manifestation of a pathology. Such an approach can be achieved by taking into account clinical, pathological, environmental, and psychosocial characteristics of the patients or an individual who has a suboptimal health condition. Inappropriate modeling of chronic and complex disorders, in this context, may diminish the predictive potential and slow down the development of PPPM and consequently modern healthcare. Therefore, it is the common goal of PPPM and translational medicine to find the solution for the problem we present in our review. Both, translational medicine and PPPM in parallel, essentially need accurate surrogates for misleading animal models. This study was therefore undertaken to provide shreds of evidence against the validity of animal models. Limitations of current animal models and drug development strategies based on animal modeling have been systematically discussed. Finally, a variety of potential surrogates have been suggested to change the unfavorable situation in medical research and consequently in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Seifirad
- PERFUSE Study Group, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Vahid Haghpanah
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabia as the proof-of-principle model for implementing strategies of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine in healthcare. EPMA J 2019; 11:119-131. [PMID: 32140189 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among Saudi males and ranks third in females with up to 73% of cases diagnosed at late stage. This review provides an analysis of CRC situation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) from healthcare perspective. A PUBMED (1986-2018) search was done to identify publications focusing on CRC in KSA. Due to reports of increased CRC incidence among young age group (< 50), and given the young population of KSA, the disease may burden the national healthcare system in the next decades. Environmental factors attributed to increasing incidence rates of CRC include red meat consumption, sedentary lifestyle, and increased calorie intake. Despite substantial investment in healthcare, attention to predictive diagnostics and targeted prevention is lacking. There is a need to develop national screening guidelines based on evidence that supports a reduction in incidence and mortality of CRC when screening is implemented. Future approaches are discussed based on multi-level diagnostics, risk assessment, and population screening programs focused on the needs of young populations that among others present the contents of the advanced approach by predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. Recommendations are provided that could help to develop policies at regional and national levels. Countries with demographics and lifestyle similar to KSA may gain insights from this review to shape their policies and procedures.
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Odonkor ST, Kitcher J, Okyere M, Mahami T. Self-Assessment of Hygiene Practices towards Predictive and Preventive Medicine Intervention: A Case Study of University Students in Ghana. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3868537. [PMID: 31467889 PMCID: PMC6699301 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3868537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Personal hygiene is essential to the current paradigm shift towards predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine, which enables the prediction and prevention of infectious disease outbreaks. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to evaluate the personal hygiene practices among university students aiming at providing a basis for preventive and predictive medical interventions and to make future efforts improve target interventions for young people. METHODS The study was conducted using a cross-sectional study. Validated instruments that related personal hygiene practices were used to obtain quantitative data from 412 tertiary students from seven universities in Accra, Ghana. The resulting data were analyzed with IBM-SPSS, version 23. RESULTS There were more female respondents (54.4%) in the study than male respondents (45.6%). Respondents between the age group of 19-24 years constituted majority (59.7%) of the respondents in the study. Respondents from urban areas exhibited good hygiene practice compared to those from urban residences. There was a significant association between residence and hygiene practice (χ 2=17.8, P≤0.001). We also observed that those respondents within the upper class in society had a poor hygiene practice, compared to the Lower Class and Middle Class respondents. Lack of education (63.1%) was observed as the main barrier to personal hygiene among the respondents. Future of the society depends on the health of its youth. CONCLUSION A significant number of students are not actively practicing good hygiene. There is a need for deployment of preventive medicine interventions targeted at young people. It calls for improvement in methods of hygiene education for young people in tertiary institutions and the inclusion of hygiene in school curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Odonkor
- School of Public Services and Governance, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jones Kitcher
- Metropolitan Research and Education Bureau, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Tahiru Mahami
- Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya-Accra, Ghana
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Mihajlovic M, Ninic A, Sopic M, Miljkovic M, Stefanovic A, Vekic J, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V, Zeljkovic D, Trifunovic B, Stjepanovic Z, Zeljkovic A. Association among resistin, adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with colorectal cancer: a multi-marker approach, as a hallmark of innovative predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. EPMA J 2019; 10:307-316. [PMID: 31462946 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Elevated concentrations of resistin have been reported in colorectal cancer (CRC), but its interactions with adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP-1) are largely unexplored. We investigated resistin plasma concentration, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) resistin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), and CAP-1 mRNA levels in CRC patients, as well as the impact of resistin gene polymorphism rs1862513 on the examined markers. We also explored associations of resistin with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and predictive potential of our parameters for CRC. Methods Eighty-six patients with CRC and 75 healthy adults were included. Commercial ELISA kit was used for obtaining resistin's concentrations, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was applied for evaluation of resistin and CAP-1 mRNA levels and rs1862513 polymorphism. Results Plasma resistin and CAP-1 mRNA levels were higher in CRC patients (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively), while resistin mRNA levels were lower (p < 0.001). Negative association existed among plasma resistin and HDL-C concentrations (ρ = - 0.280; p < 0.05). A model including age, body-mass index, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and plasma resistin concentrations as independent predictors of CRC showed very good diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.898). We found no associations of rs1862513 with the examined markers. Conclusions Our study demonstrated increased plasma resistin and CAP-1 mRNA levels, implying their possible interaction in CRC. The association among plasma resistin and HDL-C might indicate that HDL-C is involved in alterations of resistin's secretion process. As a hallmark of personalized medicine, multi-marker approach in determination of resistin-related parameters might be useful for prediction and prevention of CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Mihajlovic
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, POB 146, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
| | - Ana Ninic
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, POB 146, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
| | - Miron Sopic
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, POB 146, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
| | - Milica Miljkovic
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, POB 146, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, POB 146, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekic
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, POB 146, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
| | | | - Dejan Zeljkovic
- 2Clinic of General Surgery, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bratislav Trifunovic
- 2Clinic of General Surgery, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
- 3Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, POB 146, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
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DNA Methylation Status in Cancer Disease: Modulations by Plant-Derived Natural Compounds and Dietary Interventions. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070289. [PMID: 31323834 PMCID: PMC6680848 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The modulation of the activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) represents a crucial epigenetic mechanism affecting gene expressions or DNA repair mechanisms in the cells. Aberrant modifications in the function of DNMTs are a fundamental event and part of the pathogenesis of human cancer. Phytochemicals, which are biosynthesized in plants in the form of secondary metabolites, represent an important source of biomolecules with pleiotropic effects and thus provide a wide range of possible clinical applications. It is well documented that phytochemicals demonstrate significant anticancer properties, and in this regard, rapid development within preclinical research is encouraging. Phytochemicals affect several epigenetic molecular mechanisms, including DNA methylation patterns such as the hypermethylation of tumor-suppressor genes and the global hypomethylation of oncogenes, that are specific cellular signs of cancer development and progression. This review will focus on the latest achievements in using plant-derived compounds and plant-based diets targeting epigenetic regulators and modulators of gene transcription in preclinical and clinical research in order to generate novel anticancer drugs as sensitizers for conventional therapy or compounds suitable for the chemoprevention clinical setting in at-risk individuals. In conclusion, indisputable anticancer activities of dietary phytochemicals linked with proper regulation of DNA methylation status have been described. However, precisely designed and well-controlled clinical studies are needed to confirm their beneficial epigenetic effects after long-term consumption in humans.
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Hu XL, Xu ST, Wang XC, Luo JL, Hou DN, Zhang XM, Bao C, Yang D, Song YL, Bai CX. Development and validation of nomogram estimating post-surgery hospital stay of lung cancer patients: relevance for predictive, preventive, and personalized healthcare strategies. EPMA J 2019; 10:173-183. [PMID: 31258821 PMCID: PMC6562016 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the era of fast track surgery, early and accurately estimating whether postoperative length of stay (p-LOS) will be prolonged after lung cancer surgery is very important, both for patient's discharge planning and hospital bed management. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are very valuable routine examinations which should not be underutilized before lung cancer surgery. Thus, this study aimed to establish an accurate but simple prediction tool, based on PFTs, for achieving a personalized prediction of prolonged p-LOS in patients following lung resection. METHODS The medical information of 1257 patients undergoing lung cancer surgery were retrospectively reviewed and served as the training set. p-LOS exceeding the third quartile value was considered prolonged. Using logistic regression analyses, potential predictors of prolonged p-LOS were identified among various preoperative factors containing PFTs and intraoperative factors. A nomogram was constructed and subjected to internal and external validation. RESULTS Five independent risk factors for prolonged p-LOS were identified, including older age, being male, and ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC) ≥ 45.0% which is the only modifiable risk factor, more invasive surgical approach, and surgical type. The nomogram comprised of these five predictors exhibited sufficient predictive accuracy, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73-0.79] in the internal validation. Also its predictive performance remained fine in the external validation, with the AUC of 0.70 (95% CI 0.60-0.79). The calibration curves showed satisfactory agreements between the model predicted probability and the actually observed probability. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative amelioration of RV/TLC may prevent lung cancer patients from unnecessary prolonged p-LOS. The integrated nomogram we developed could provide personalized risk prediction of prolonged p-LOS. This prediction tool may help patients perceive expected hospital stays and enable clinicians to achieve better bed management after lung cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Lin Hu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Song-Tao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Cen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jin-Long Luo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Dong-Ni Hou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xiao-Min Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Bao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yuan-Lin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Chun-Xue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
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The burden of prostate cancer is associated with human development index: evidence from 87 countries, 1990-2016. EPMA J 2019; 10:137-152. [PMID: 31258819 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aim To examine the temporal patterns of the prostate cancer burden and its association with human development. Subject and methods The estimates of the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer for 87 countries were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2016 study for the period 1990 to 2016. The human development level of a country was measured using its human development index (HDI): a summary indicator of health, education, and income. The association between the burden of prostate cancer and the human development index (HDI) was measured using pairwise correlation and bivariate regression. Mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was employed as a proxy for the survival rate of prostate cancer. Results Globally, 1.4 million new cases of prostate cancer arose in 2016 claiming 380,916 lives which more than doubled from 579,457 incident cases and 191,687 deaths in 1990. In 2016, the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) was the highest in very high-HDI countries led by Australia with ASIR of 174.1/100,000 and showed a strong positive association with HDI (r = 0.66); the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR), however, was higher in low-HDI countries led by Zimbabwe with ASMR of 78.2/100,000 in 2016. Global MIR decreased from 0.33 in 1990 to 0.26 in 2016. Mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) exhibited a negative gradient (r = - 0.91) with human development index with tenfold variation globally with seven countries recording MIR in excess of 1 with the USA recording the minimum MIR of 0.10. Conclusion The high mortality and lower survival rates in less-developed countries demand all-inclusive solutions ranging from cost-effective early screening and detection to cost-effective cancer treatment. In tackling the rising burden of prostate cancer predictive, preventive and personalised medicine (PPPM) can play a useful role through prevention strategies, predicting PCa more precisely and accurately using a multiomic approach and risk-stratifying patients to provide personalised medicine.
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