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Jones A, Gough T, Robinson E. Two online randomised controlled trials examining effects of alcohol calorie labelling on hypothetical ordering of calories from alcohol and food. Appetite 2024; 200:107548. [PMID: 38876150 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Providing calorie information for alcoholic beverages is a potential public-health intervention which may serve to reduce alcohol use but also prevalence of overweight/obesity. Equivocal evidence has been found for the effectiveness of alcohol calorie information at reducing drinking intentions as well as purchasing and consumption. However, the extent at which calorie information 'on-trade' will impact consumer behaviour for both alcohol and food consumption has not been investigated. AIMS (1) To examine the presence of alcohol calorie labelling for hypothetical purchasing of alcohol and food in typical UK restaurant scenarios. (2) To determine the characteristics of individuals who will be likely to choose to view alcohol calorie labels. METHODS Two online randomised control trials using a hypothetical menu selection. In experiment one (N = 325) participants were randomised to the presence or absence of alcohol calorie labels. In experiment two (N = 1081) individuals were randomised to alcohol calorie labels absent or the choice to view alcohol calorie labels. The primary outcome for each study was calories ordered from alcoholic beverages. RESULTS There was no evidence that the presence of alcohol calorie information on restaurant menus impacted the number of calories ordered from alcoholic beverages or from food and soft drinks. Younger individuals and individuals who exhibit greater motives for good health were more likely to choose to view alcohol calorie labels. CONCLUSIONS In two online, hypothetical experiments there is no evidence for alcohol calorie labelling impacting consumer decisions to order alcohol or food. Given the choice, a self-selecting group of individuals who are more motivated by health concerns will view alcohol calorie labels, and in turn may be less likely to order alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jones
- Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool UK.
| | - Thomas Gough
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool UK
| | - Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool UK
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2
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Martínez-Urbistondo D, Perez-Diaz-Del-Campo N, Landecho MF, Martínez JA. Alcohol Drinking Impacts on Adiposity and Steatotic Liver Disease: Concurrent Effects on Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Risks. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:461-474. [PMID: 38520634 PMCID: PMC11306502 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This integrative search aimed to provide a scoping overview of the relationships between the benefits and harms of alcohol drinking with cardiovascular events as associated to body fat mass and fatty liver diseases, as well as offering critical insights for precision nutrition research and personalized medicine implementation concerning cardiovascular risk management associated to ethanol consumption. RECENT FINDINGS Frequent alcohol intake could contribute to a sustained rise in adiposity over time. Body fat distribution patterns (abdominal/gluteus-femoral) and intrahepatic accumulation of lipids have been linked to adverse cardiovascular clinical outcomes depending on ethanol intake. Therefore, there is a need to understand the complex interplay between alcohol consumption, adipose store distribution, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and cardiovascular events in adult individuals. The current narrative review deals with underconsidered and apparently conflicting benefits concerning the amount of alcohol intake, ranging from abstention to moderation, and highlights the requirements for additional robust methodological studies and trials to interpret undertrained and existing controversies. The conclusion of this review emphasizes the need of newer multifaceted clinical approaches for precision medicine implementation, considering epidemiological strategies and pathophysiological mechanistic. Newer investigations and trials should be derived and performed particularly focusing both on alcohol's objective consequences as putatively mediated by fat deposition, including associated roles in fatty liver disease as well as to differentiate the impact of different levels of alcohol consumption (absence or moderation) concerning cardiovascular risks and accompanying clinical manifestations. Indeed, the threshold for the safe consumption of alcoholic drinks remains to be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Martínez-Urbistondo
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Area de Medicina Vascular-Madrid, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manuel F Landecho
- Obesity and General Health Check-Up Area, Internal Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Precision Nutrition Program, Research Institute on Food and Health Sciences IMDEA Food, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
- Centre of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
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3
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Lim MW, Kalman JM. The impact of lifestyle factors on atrial fibrillation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:91-99. [PMID: 38838814 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), with its significant associated morbidity and mortality contributes to significant healthcare utilisation and expenditure. Given its progressively rising incidence, strategies to limit AF development and progression are urgently needed. Lifestyle modification is a potentially potent but underutilised weapon against the AF epidemic. The purpose of this article is to review the role of lifestyle factors as risk factors for AF, outline potential mechanisms of pathogenesis and examine the available evidence for lifestyle intervention in primary and secondary AF prevention. It will also highlight the need for investment by physicians, researchers, health services and governments in order to facilitate delivery of the comprehensive, multidisciplinary AF care that is required to manage this complex and multifactorial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Lim
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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Demirpolat MT, İslam MM. Development and Validation of the GAASThyriC Model for Predicting Patients with Suboptimal Clinical Response After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy and a Practical Calculator: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2024; 34:424-431. [PMID: 38898798 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000001300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It might not be possible to achieve the desired outcome in every patient following bariatric surgery, even though every patient is thoroughly examined before surgery. This study aimed to develop a regression model based on parameters that affect weight loss success in patients scheduled for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and thus preoperatively predict whether the patients will have an optimal clinical response in terms of weight loss at the end of the first year. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2018 and August 2022, patients who underwent LSG were analyzed retrospectively. Age, sex, comorbidities, smoking status, alcohol use status, preoperative weight, preoperative body mass index (BMI), preoperative laboratory data, weight, and total weight loss (TWL)% values at the end of the first year were recorded. At the end of the first year following LSG, patients with TWL% above 20% were defined as having an optimal clinical response in terms of weight loss. This study is designed, conducted, and reported regarding the "transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis" (TRIPOD) statement. The final model was used to construct an Excel-based calculator. RESULTS Four hundred thirty-eight patients underwent the sleeve gastrectomy procedure, and 38 of them were excluded from the study because of a lack of 1-year follow-up information, resulting in 400 eligible patients for our study. Age, glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), alcohol consumption, systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and tobacco were the independent predictors of optimal clinical response ( P <0.001, P <0.001, P <0.001, P =0.011, P =0.039, P =0.045, respectively). The model was called the GAASThyriC score. When the final model was tested in the validation cohort, the AUC was 0.875 (95% CI, 0.742-0.999), the sensitivity was 83.3% (95% CI, 51.6-97.9), specificity was 86.4% (95% CI, 77.4-92.8), negative likelihood ratio was 0.19 (95% CI, 0.05-0.68), and accuracy was 86% (95% CI, 77.6-92.1) when the cutoff value was set to the optimal threshold (logit = 0.8451). CONCLUSION The GAASThyriC score can be used as an effective auxiliary tool to predict the patient population with suboptimal clinical response in terms of TWL% at the end of the first year after LSG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Muzaffer İslam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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5
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Mastorino L, Daniele R, Dapavo P, Frigatti G, Ponti R, Giunipero di Corteranzo I, Bongiovanni E, Quaglino P, Ribero S. Alcohol abuse and discretionary habits in psoriatic patients: impact on IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitor response. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024. [PMID: 39037761 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse is correlated with the onset and worsening of psoriasis, but its effects, as for smoking, on biological therapies are still poorly investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study aimed to determine the prevalence of alcohol abuse and other discretionary habits (such as smoking and sedentary lifestyle) in patients with psoriasis treated with topicals, conventional systemic and biologic therapies. The second objective is to investigate the impact of discretionary habits, focusing on alcohol abuse, on the response to biological therapy. To identify alcohol dependence, the CAGE questionnaire was distributed among patients of our clinic. RESULTS 305 patients were included with 18% at high risk of alcohol abuse. Clinically, guttate psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis were more common in patients at higher risk of alcohol abuse. Furthermore, patients with an alcohol problem who started biological therapy reported a higher PASI than those who drank less. None of the considered variables seemed to correlate with discontinuation of medication or with lower achievement of the analyzed outcomes (PASI100, PASI90, and PASI≤3). There was a stronger association between alcohol dependence and patients receiving conventional therapy than with patients receiving biologics. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of biologicals did not seem to be impacted by alcohol consumption, smoking, or sedentary lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mastorino
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rebecca Daniele
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Dapavo
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giada Frigatti
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Renata Ponti
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Bongiovanni
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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6
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Lee B, Yang C, Yim MH. Real-world evidence of characteristics and factors influencing herbal medicine use for weight loss in adults. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1437032. [PMID: 39081960 PMCID: PMC11286466 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1437032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity imposes a significant socioeconomic burden owing to its high prevalence. In response to the adverse outcomes associated with conventional pharmacotherapy and the challenges of low adherence to lifestyle interventions, herbal medicine has surfaced as an actively utilized approach for weight loss. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of herbal medicine users for weight loss in adults. Methods Overall, 22,080 participants were included based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2019. Simple logistic regression analyses were used to derive the associations between herbal medicine use for weight loss and individual characteristics. Three models were constructed utilizing multiple logistic regression analyses to assess the associations between herbal medicine use for weight loss and the combined characteristics of predisposing, enabling, and need factors according to Andersen's model. Results In the full adjustment model, women, younger adults, those with higher incomes, and individuals reporting higher levels of perceived stress were more prone to use herbal medicine for weight loss in the past year. Adults who identified body image as being fat/very fat, those who consumed alcohol, and those classified as severely obese by body mass index were also more prone to use herbal medicine for weight loss. In particular, adults with a higher rate and amount of weight loss in the past year were more likely to use herbal medicine for weight loss compared to those experiencing weight gain/no changes/loss of 0-3 kg. Conclusion Our study was the first to derive the characteristics and influencing factors of herbal medicine users for weight loss among adults. These findings hold significant promise for informing future research endeavors and policy decision-making for effective resource distribution for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsop Yang
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hong Yim
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Hong Y, Feng Y, Yan T, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Zhao Q, Huang J, Huang S, Zhang Y. Take-out food enhances the risk of MPs ingestion and obesity, altering the gut microbiome in young adults. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135125. [PMID: 39003809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Young people are consuming large amounts of microplastics (MPs) due to the booming development of the take-out industry. To investigate the association between MPs exposure and obesity, 121 volunteers were divided into high MPs exposure (HME) and low MPs exposure (LME) according to the frequency of take-out food consumption. Fecal samples were collected for MPs detection using Raman spectra analysis, and identification of the gut microbiota was based on 16 S rDNA/ITS, while metabolite analysis was performed by LC-MS/MS. High levels of MPs and body mass index (BMI) were observed in the HME group (P < 0.05). Both the multiple linear regression (MLR) model and the binary logistic regression (BLR) (OR: 1.264, 95 % CI: 1.108-1.441, P < 0.001) analysis showed a positive correlation between MPs content and BMI. Microbial community analysis revealed that Veillonella, Alistipes and Dothideomycotes (pathogenic fungi) increased in HME participants, whereas Faecalibacterium and Coprococcus decreased. Meanwhile, analysis of stool metabolites showed that vancomycin resistance, selenocompound metabolism and drug metabolism pathways were enhanced in HME participants. These findings indicate that frequent consumption of take-out food may elevate the intake of microplastics, consequently modifying the gut microbiota and metabolites of young adults, and could represent a potential risk factor for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Hong
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730099, China.
| | | | - Tenglong Yan
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730099, China; Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Medical Experimental Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qilong Zhao
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730099, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730099, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730099, China
| | - Song Huang
- Fabiotics (Kunshan) Co. Ltd., Jiangsu, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730099, China.
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Yu W, Chen J, Jin S, Fan X, Cai X. Identification and Validation of Glycosylation-Related Genes in Obesity and MASH: Insights from Human Liver Samples and a High-Fat Diet Mouse Model. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2024; 17:363-381. [PMID: 38983907 PMCID: PMC11232960 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s463608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions in the developed world. The biosynthesis and degradation of human glycoproteins take place at the highest level in the liver. However, the association between glycosylation and the factors affecting obesity and metabolism-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is still unclear. Materials and Methods Gene expression data of liver samples from obese patients were retrieved from GSE83452 and GSE89632 databases. Difference analysis and machine learning were used to identify hub genes involved in glycosylation and associated with the response of weight loss treatment. A total of 7 glycosylation-related hub genes were identified and then subjected to correlation analysis, immune cells infiltration analysis and ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis. We also evaluated the potential function of 7 hub genes in obesity patients. MASH mice were used to validate the glycosylation-related hub genes. Results A total of 25 overlapped glycosylation-related genes were identified by DEGs analysis. ACER2, STX17, ARF5, GPC4, ENTPD5, NANP, and DPY19L2 were identified as hub genes. Among these hub genes, ACER2, STX17, ARF5, and ENTPD5 were also differential expressed in MASH patients. ENTPD5 showed increased transcription in obese MASH mice. Conclusion The current study identified seven glycosylation-related genes, ACER2, STX17, ARF5, GPC4, ENTPD5, NANP, and DPY19L2, that might play key roles in the development of obesity. ENTPD5 might play a key role in the development of MASH. These findings provide fresh perspectives for expanding the investigation of obesity and MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jionghuang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxi Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Özenoğlu A, Erkul C, Anul N, Özçelikçi B, Aksu BM. Relationship of attitudes for healthy nutrition with mindful eating, motivation to participate in physical activity, and academic success: A controlled study. Nutrition 2024; 123:112422. [PMID: 38599006 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the relationship between university students' attitudes toward healthy nutrition with mindful eating, motivation to participate in physical activity, and academic success. METHODS A total of 497 healthy students aged between 21 and 38 were randomly selected from among senior students of the Faculty of Health Sciences and nonhealth-related faculties. In the study, a questionnaire form consisting of questions about the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants were used, along with the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN), Mindful Eating Questionnaire, and Motivation Scale for Participation in Physical Activity. RESULTS The total scores of ASHN and MEQ were found to be significantly higher in those studying in health-related departments and those with high academic success. In addition, a significant inverse relationship was found between the total score of MEQ and BMI and waist circumference. A statistically significant and positive correlation was found between the total mean score of ASHN and the total mean score of MEQ and MSPPA. CONCLUSIONS It has been concluded that the development of healthy eating and lifestyle habits in university students positively affects their academic success as well as their general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Özenoğlu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Cahit Erkul
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| | - Nejla Anul
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Özçelikçi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Merve Aksu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Demiroğlu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Staller DW, Bennett RG, Mahato RI. Therapeutic perspectives on PDE4B inhibition in adipose tissue dysfunction and chronic liver injury. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:545-573. [PMID: 38878273 PMCID: PMC11305103 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2369590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a complex disease associated with profound dysfunction. Despite an incredible burden, the first and only pharmacotherapy for metabolic-associated steatohepatitis was only approved in March of this year, indicating a gap in the translation of preclinical studies. There is a body of preclinical work on the application of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors in CLD, none of these molecules have been successfully translated into clinical use. AREAS COVERED To design therapies to combat CLD, it is essential to consider the dysregulation of other tissues that contribute to its development and progression. As such, proper therapies must combat this throughout the body rather than focusing only on the liver. To detail this, literature characterizing the pathogenesis of CLD was pulled from PubMed, with a particular focus placed on the role of PDE4 in inflammation and metabolism. Then, the focus is shifted to detailing the available information on existing PDE4 inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION This review gives a brief overview of some of the pathologies of organ systems that are distinct from the liver but contribute to disease progression. The demonstrated efficacy of PDE4 inhibitors in other human inflammatory diseases should earn them further examination for the treatment of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton W. Staller
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Robert G. Bennett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ram I. Mahato
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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11
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Wang Z, Chen R, Zhang L, Chen Y, Li J, Li S, Xu L, Hu Y, Bai Y. Association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective study in China. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024; 33:347-354. [PMID: 38375832 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components on the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on data from Jinchang Cohort. METHODS This is a large prospective cohort study. Between 2011 and 2020, a total of 43 516 individuals from Jinchang Cohort were included for this study. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CRC according to MetS were calculated with the Cox proportional hazard models. The restricted cubic spine models with four knots were conducted to fit the dose-response relationships. RESULTS MetS was associated with increased risk of CRC (n = 141; HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.15-2.33) after adjusting for confounding factors (age, sex, education level, family history of CRC, smoking index and alcohol index). Participants with hyperglycemia had a significantly higher risk of developing incident CRC (HR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.19-2.43). The positive association between MetS and CRC was observed in males (HR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.17-2.63), but not in females (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.59-2.64). Furthermore, linear dose-response relationship was found between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and CRC risk in males ( Poverall < 0.05, Pnon-linear = 0.35). When stratified by smoke and drink, MetS was found to increase the incidence of CRC only in the smoke (HR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.35-3.18) and drink (HR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.51-5.69) groups. CONCLUSION MetS was associated with a higher risk of CRC incidence. Hyperglycemia lended strong support to the role of MetS in new-onset CRC, especially in males. Other components of MetS were not found to be associated with increased risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongge Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Street, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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12
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Himemiya-Hakucho A, Saito M, Nakagawa A, Shigemoto A, Takase I. A retrospective study of unexpected deaths with alcohol use disorder from Japanese forensic autopsy cases. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2024; 69:102440. [PMID: 38574494 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is an important target for prevention of alcohol-related problems. In this study, we analyzed forensic autopsy cases to reveal the characteristics of the living conditions and death situations of individuals with AUD. METHODS We retrospectively investigated 486 cases with a history of alcohol consumption for which a forensic autopsy was performed from 2012 to 2021 in Yamaguchi prefecture. Judgement of AUD was made using DSM-5. Various factors were compared statistically between AUD and non-AUD cases. RESULTS Of the 486 cases, 225 (46.2%) were judged to be AUD, including 89 (18.3%) with advanced AUD, 33 (6.8%) were judged not to be AUD, and a judgement could not be made in the remaining cases. AUD was associated with alcohol consumption prior to death. Only 14.3% of the advanced-AUD cases was in treatment for alcohol dependence. The rates of interpersonal, health, financial and legal problems, receipt of public assistance and an extremely cluttered or hoarding house status were higher in all AUD and advanced AUD cases. Living alone, smoking and BMI were also associated with AUD. CONCLUSIONS Many cases of alcohol-related deaths may have AUD, and persons with AUD who undergo a forensic autopsy commonly have multiple socioeconomic factors that may be associated with isolation that is involved in exacerbation of AUD. Further studies of these associations are needed because early diagnosis and treatment of AUD and support for the patient may lead to reduction of alcohol-related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Himemiya-Hakucho
- Department of Legal Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Misaki Saito
- Undergraduate Courses of Medicine, Yamaguchi University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Aoi Nakagawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Azumi Shigemoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Izumi Takase
- Department of Legal Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
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Lee H, Kim JS, Shin H. Predicting the Transition to Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity Among Young Adults With Metabolically Healthy Obesity in South Korea: Nationwide Population-Based Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e52103. [PMID: 38941611 PMCID: PMC11245668 DOI: 10.2196/52103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, over 39% of individuals are obese. Metabolic syndrome, usually accompanied by obesity, is regarded as a major contributor to noncommunicable diseases. Given this relationship, the concepts of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity, considering metabolic status, have been evolving. Attention is being directed to metabolically healthy people with obesity who have relatively low transition rates to noncommunicable diseases. As obesity rates continue to rise and unhealthy behaviors prevail among young adults, there is a growing need for obesity management that considers these metabolic statuses. A nomogram can be used as an effective tool to predict the risk of transitioning to metabolically unhealthy obesity from a metabolically healthy status. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to identify demographic factors, health behaviors, and 5 metabolic statuses related to the transition from metabolically healthy obesity to unhealthy obesity among people aged between 20 and 44 years and to develop a screening tool to predict this transition. METHODS This secondary analysis study used national health data from the National Health Insurance System in South Korea. We analyzed the customized data using SAS (SAS Institute Inc) and conducted logistic regression to identify factors related to the transition from metabolically healthy to unhealthy obesity. A nomogram was developed to predict the transition using the identified factors. RESULTS Among 3,351,989 people, there was a significant association between the transition from metabolically healthy to unhealthy obesity and general characteristics, health behaviors, and metabolic components. Male participants showed a 1.30 higher odds ratio for transitioning to metabolically unhealthy obesity than female participants, and people in the lowest economic status were also at risk for the transition (odds ratio 1.08, 95% CI 1.05-1.1). Smoking status, consuming >30 g of alcohol, and insufficient regular exercise were negatively associated with the transition. Each relevant variable was assigned a point value. When the nomogram total points reached 295, the shift from metabolically healthy to unhealthy obesity had a prediction rate of >50%. CONCLUSIONS This study identified key factors for young adults transitioning from healthy to unhealthy obesity, creating a predictive nomogram. This nomogram, including triglycerides, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting glucose, allows easy assessment of obesity risk even for the general population. This tool simplifies predictions amid rising obesity rates and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunHae Lee
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerine Shin
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhang M, Ward J, Strawbridge RJ, Celis-Morales C, Pell JP, Lyall DM, Ho FK. How do lifestyle factors modify the association between genetic predisposition and obesity-related phenotypes? A 4-way decomposition analysis using UK Biobank. BMC Med 2024; 22:230. [PMID: 38853248 PMCID: PMC11163778 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and central obesity are multifactorial conditions with genetic and non-genetic (lifestyle and environmental) contributions. There is incomplete understanding of whether lifestyle modifies the translation from respective genetic risks into phenotypic obesity and central obesity, and to what extent genetic predisposition to obesity and central obesity is mediated via lifestyle factors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 201,466 (out of approximately 502,000) European participants from UK Biobank and tested for interactions and mediation role of lifestyle factors (diet quality; physical activity levels; total energy intake; sleep duration, and smoking and alcohol intake) between genetic risk for obesity and central obesity. BMI-PRS and WHR-PRS are exposures and obesity and central obesity are outcomes. RESULTS Overall, 42.8% of the association between genetic predisposition to obesity and phenotypic obesity was explained by lifestyle: 0.9% by mediation and 41.9% by effect modification. A significant difference between men and women was found in central obesity; the figures were 42.1% (association explained by lifestyle), 1.4% (by mediation), and 40.7% (by modification) in women and 69.6% (association explained by lifestyle), 3.0% (by mediation), and 66.6% (by modification) in men. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of the association between genetic predisposition to obesity/central obesity and phenotypic obesity/central obesity was explained by lifestyles. Future studies with repeated measures of obesity and lifestyle would be needed to clarify causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrong Zhang
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byers Road, Glasgow, G12 8TB, UK
| | - Joey Ward
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byers Road, Glasgow, G12 8TB, UK
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byers Road, Glasgow, G12 8TB, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Human Performance Lab, Education, Physical Activity, and Health Research Unit, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina de Altura (CEIMA), Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Jill P Pell
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byers Road, Glasgow, G12 8TB, UK
| | - Donald M Lyall
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byers Road, Glasgow, G12 8TB, UK
| | - Frederick K Ho
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Clarice Pears Building, 90 Byers Road, Glasgow, G12 8TB, UK.
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Dai W, Zhang D, Wei Z, Liu P, Yang Q, Zhang L, Zhang J, Zhang C, Xue H, Xie Z, Luo F. Whether weekend warriors (WWs) achieve equivalent benefits in lipid accumulation products (LAP) reduction as other leisure-time physical activity patterns? -Results from a population-based analysis of NHANES 2007-2018. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1550. [PMID: 38853276 PMCID: PMC11163723 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the body. Physical activity (PA) is an effective intervention to combat obesity, but the effectiveness of different PA patterns on controlling obesity is unclear. Lipid accumulation product (LAP), derived from waist circumference and triglycerides, is a novel indicator for obesity evaluation. However, the association between PA patterns (i.e., weekend warriors and regularly active) and LAP remains unexplored. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between PA patterns and LAP in US adult population. METHODS Adult individuals with complete data on LAP, PA patterns, and other covariates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2007-2018) were included in this study. Multivariate linear regression models were utilized to explore the association between PA patterns and LAP. Subgroup analyses, interaction tests, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analyses, and threshold and saturation effect analyses were also performed to investigate the stability and nonlinearity of PA-LAP association, respectively. RESULTS A total of 11,212 participants were included in this study. After adjusting for all potential covariates, being regularly active (RA) (β=-8.85, P < 0.05) obtained significantly higher LAP reduction as opposed to being weekend warriors (WWs) (β=-4.70, P = 0.3841). Furthermore, subgroup analyses and interaction tests indicated that the PA-LAP association was more pronounced in individuals with higher education levels (P interaction = 0.0084) and diabetes (P interaction = 0.0062). Additionally, a significant, non-linear, and negative correlation between weekly total PA and LAP in non-inactive individuals was identified by RCS analysis (P for overall < 0.001, P for nonlinearity = 0.009). A threshold of 440 min in weekly total PA was found to arouse favorable LAP reduction. CONCLUSIONS Being regularly active obtained better LAP reduction as opposed to being WWs. For non-inactive adults, engaging in more than 440 min of PA per week helps to reduce LAP effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - DongYang Zhang
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - ZhiYuan Wei
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Pan Liu
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - QianKun Yang
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The 75th Group Army Hospital of the PLA, Dali, 671003, China
| | - Hao Xue
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhao Xie
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No.29 Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Fei Luo
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No.29 Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Bu YL, Wang C, Zhao C, Lu X, Gao W. The association of alcohol consumption with the risk of sarcopenia: a dose-response meta-analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024; 50:305-320. [PMID: 38232346 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2300049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass plus a decline in muscle strength and/or reduced physical performance with advancing age. The results of current studies on the relationship between drinking and sarcopenia remain controversial.Objectives: The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association of alcohol consumption with the risk of sarcopenia.Methods: Systematic searches were conducted without language restrictions from the beginning of each database to September 20, 2023 on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, Chinese BioMedical Literature, and China national knowledge infrastructure databases. Meta-analysis was conducted to pool the study-specific odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Sixty-two studies with 454,643 participants were enrolled. The meta-analysis of proportions revealed that alcohol consumption was not associated with the presence of sarcopenia, with a pooled OR of 0.964 (95% CI = 0.912-1.019). Further subgroup analysis indicated that alcohol consumption was correlated with lower risk of sarcopenia in men (OR = 0.763; 95% CI = 0.622-0.938; P = .010). The nonlinear dose-response analysis suggested a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and the risk of sarcopenia, with a nadir at the amounts of alcohol consumption of 6.6 grams/day (OR = 0.765; 95% CI = 0.608-0.957; P < .05).Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis indicate that alcohol consumption is not a risk factor for the development of sarcopenia. Any suggestion of a putative protective effect of alcohol should be treated with caution, particularly in light of the overall lack of relationship reported in the present comprehensive meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ling Bu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Can Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Jennings MV, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Courchesne-Krak NS, Cupertino RB, Vilar-Ribó L, Bianchi SB, Hatoum AS, Atkinson EG, Giusti-Rodriguez P, Montalvo-Ortiz JL, Gelernter J, Artigas MS, Elson SL, Edenberg HJ, Fontanillas P, Palmer AA, Sanchez-Roige S. A phenome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation study of alcohol use variants in a diverse cohort comprising over 3 million individuals. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105086. [PMID: 38580523 PMCID: PMC11121167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is associated with numerous negative social and health outcomes. These associations may be direct consequences of drinking, or they may reflect common genetic factors that influence both alcohol consumption and other outcomes. METHODS We performed exploratory phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) of three of the best studied protective single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding ethanol metabolising enzymes (ADH1B: rs1229984-T, rs2066702-A; ADH1C: rs698-T) using up to 1109 health outcomes across 28 phenotypic categories (e.g., substance-use, mental health, sleep, immune, cardiovascular, metabolic) from a diverse 23andMe cohort, including European (N ≤ 2,619,939), Latin American (N ≤ 446,646) and African American (N ≤ 146,776) populations to uncover new and perhaps unexpected associations. These SNPs have been consistently implicated by both candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies of alcohol-related behaviours but have not been investigated in detail for other relevant phenotypes in a hypothesis-free approach in such a large cohort of multiple ancestries. To provide insight into potential causal effects of alcohol consumption on the outcomes significant in the PheWAS, we performed univariable two-sample and one-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses. FINDINGS The minor allele rs1229984-T, which is protective against alcohol behaviours, showed the highest number of PheWAS associations across the three cohorts (N = 232, European; N = 29, Latin American; N = 7, African American). rs1229984-T influenced multiple domains of health. We replicated associations with alcohol-related behaviours, mental and sleep conditions, and cardio-metabolic health. We also found associations with understudied traits related to neurological (migraines, epilepsy), immune (allergies), musculoskeletal (fibromyalgia), and reproductive health (preeclampsia). MR analyses identified evidence of causal effects of alcohol consumption on liability for 35 of these outcomes in the European cohort. INTERPRETATION Our work demonstrates that polymorphisms in genes encoding alcohol metabolising enzymes affect multiple domains of health beyond alcohol-related behaviours. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these effects could have implications for treatments and preventative medicine. FUNDING MVJ, NCK, SBB, SSR and AAP were supported by T32IR5226 and 28IR-0070. SSR was also supported by NIDA DP1DA054394. NCK and RBC were also supported by R25MH081482. ASH was supported by funds from NIAAA K01AA030083. JLMO was supported by VA 1IK2CX002095. JLMO and JJMM were also supported by NIDA R21DA050160. JJMM was also supported by the Kavli Postdoctoral Award for Academic Diversity. EGA was supported by K01MH121659 from the NIMH/NIH, the Caroline Wiess Law Fund for Research in Molecular Medicine and the ARCO Foundation Young Teacher-Investigator Fund at Baylor College of Medicine. MSA was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by the European Union Found: Fondo Social Europeo Plus (FSE+) (P19/01224, PI22/00464 and CP22/00128).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela V Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Orange, West Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Renata B Cupertino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Vilar-Ribó
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sevim B Bianchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychology & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Atkinson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paola Giusti-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Janitza L Montalvo-Ortiz
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Orange, West Haven, CT, USA; National Center of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- VA CT Healthcare Center, Department Psychiatry, West Haven, CT, USA; Departments Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neuroscience, Yale Univ. School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - María Soler Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Liu Y, Hao Q, Zhou J, Wu J. A comprehensive meta-analysis of risk factors associated with osteosarcopenic obesity: a closer look at gender, lifestyle and comorbidities. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:759-773. [PMID: 38224388 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-07007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This study reviewed the risk factors of Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO), a condition linking weak bones, muscle loss, and obesity. Notable associations were found with female gender, physical inactivity, hypertension, and frailty. Recognizing these early can aid targeted prevention, emphasizing further research for improved understanding and strategies. PURPOSE Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) represents a confluence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality risks. Despite escalating prevalence, its risk factors remain under-explored, necessitating this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A diligent search of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was conducted for pertinent studies until June 2023. The random-effects model was employed to compute pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), scrutinizing various risk factors like age, gender, lifestyle factors, and common comorbidities. RESULTS Our meta-analysis incorporated 21 studies comprising 178,546 participants. We identified significant associations between OSO and factors such as female gender (OR 1.756, 95% CI 1.081 to 2.858), physical inactivity (OR 1.562, 95% CI 1.127-2.165), and hypertension (OR 1.482, 95% CI 1.207-1.821). Conversely, smoking (OR 0.854, 95% CI 0.672-1.084), alcohol consumption (OR 0.703, 95% CI 0.372-1.328), and dyslipidemia (OR 1.345, 95% CI 0.982-1.841) showed no significant associations. Remarkable heterogeneity was observed across studies, indicating considerable variation in effect sizes. Notably, OSO was strongly associated with frailty (OR 6.091; 95% CI 3.576-10.375). CONCLUSIONS Our study underscored the substantial role of female gender, physical inactivity, and hypertension in the development of OSO, whilst suggesting a strong link between OSO and frailty. These findings emphasize the importance of early risk factor identification and targeted interventions in these groups. Further research is warranted to decode the complex pathophysiological interplay and devise effective prevention and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qinjian Hao
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhou
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Lockhart J, Knapp MB, Feehan AK, Latimer S, Walter A, Craft BN, Quantz YP, Frugé H, Sylvester Terry M, Arceneaux EE, Kimball M. Implementation and Process Evaluation of Alcohol Free for 40: Community-Based Programming to Reduce Alcohol Consumption. Health Promot Pract 2024; 25:436-444. [PMID: 36600627 DOI: 10.1177/15248399221142633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is known to increase risk for chronic diseases and other negative health outcomes. Abstinence, even temporary, from alcohol consumption can have positive health impacts. In this article, we describe implementation and process evaluation of Ochsner Eat Fit's Alcohol Free for 40 (AFF40), an annual, 40-day voluntary alcohol abstinence challenge that takes place in six regions of Louisiana. Participants are challenged to abstain from alcohol consumption for 40 days to promote behavior change. To support participants' success, staff conduct pre and post metrics (physical and laboratory) and host community-based events to encourage replacement behaviors. Process evaluation included measures of reach, recruitment, dose, and fidelity through tracking of participant registrations, an exit survey, media analytics, and program activity logs. In 2021, 493 participants enrolled in AFF40, with 347 completing laboratory metrics and 298 completing physical metrics. Majority of exit survey respondents (74.5%) reported no alcohol consumption during the 40-day challenge and that they planned to participate in AFF40 2022 (90.9%). The Eat Fit team documented moderate engagement (48.7% of enrolled participants) in program events. Social and digital impressions and page views recorded 23,591 hits while print media resulted in over 750,000 impressions. AFF40 has shown to be highly engaging for participants and effective in supporting temporary abstinence from alcohol. Incorporating stronger methods and evaluation will enhance future program implementation and community impact. Lessons learned and implications for practice are transferable to other community-based efforts to reduce alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan B Knapp
- Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amy K Feehan
- Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
- The University of Queensland and Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Anna Walter
- Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport-Academic Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | | - Yvette P Quantz
- Ochsner Lafayette General Medical Center, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - Hope Frugé
- Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport-Monroe Medical Center, Monroe, LA, USA
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Muthelo L, Mbombi MO, Mphekgwana P, Mabila LN, Dhau I, Tlouyamma J, Mashaba RG, Mothapo K, Ntimane CB, Seakamela KP, Nemuramba R, Maimela E, Sodi T. Exploring mental health problems and support needs among pregnant and parenting teenagers in rural areas Of Limpopo, South Africa. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:236. [PMID: 38614989 PMCID: PMC11015670 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, teenage pregnancy is among the most social problems, affecting 21 million adolescents aged 15-19. Due to the increased responsibility of prenatal and postnatal care for their infants without support, pregnant and parenting teenagers, tend to experience mental health problems. Factors contributing to these problems among pregnant and parenting teenagers in rural African settings have hardly received scholarly attention and, therefore, are less understood. The purpose of the study was to explore mental health and challenges among pregnant and parenting teenagers,. METHOD(S) The study adopted a qualitative descriptive, exploratory, and phenomenological design. Purposive sampling was used to select 22 pregnant and parenting teenagers 18 years or older. Data were collected in ten selected clinics within the Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSS) of DIMAMO and analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The findings reveal that pregnant and parenting teenagers in rural areas experience various mental challenges such as depression. These challenges are caused by social problems such as stigmatisation, lack of support from families and friends, as well as parenting demands that contribute to poor progress at school or dropouts. Pregnant teens expressed concerns about the lack of spousal support resulting from abandoning their partners. CONCLUSIONS Stress and depression were self-reported as mental problems among participants with various psychosocial implications, such as school dropout and miscarriage. There are various contributing factors to the mental health problems identified among pregnant and parenting teenagers, including inadequate family and spousal support. Access to integrated reproductive, psychosocial, and mental health services could be essential for these pregnant and parenting teenagers, to improve their mental well-being and improve the support system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livhuwani Muthelo
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Limpopo, SOVENGA, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa.
| | - Masenyani Oupa Mbombi
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Limpopo, SOVENGA, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - Peter Mphekgwana
- Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, SOVENGA, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - Linneth Nkateko Mabila
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Limpopo, SOVENGA, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - Inos Dhau
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Limpopo, SOVENGA, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - Joseph Tlouyamma
- Department of Computer Science, University of Limpopo, SOVENGA, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - Reneilwe Given Mashaba
- DIMAMO Population Health Research Centre, University of Limpopo, SOVENGA, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - Katlego Mothapo
- DIMAMO Population Health Research Centre, University of Limpopo, SOVENGA, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - Cairo Bruce Ntimane
- DIMAMO Population Health Research Centre, University of Limpopo, SOVENGA, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - Kagiso Peace Seakamela
- DIMAMO Population Health Research Centre, University of Limpopo, SOVENGA, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - Rathani Nemuramba
- DIMAMO Population Health Research Centre, University of Limpopo, SOVENGA, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - Eric Maimela
- Department of Public Health, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, SOVENGA 0727, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Tholene Sodi
- Research Chair Mental Health, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, SOVENGA, South Africa
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Zheng G, Xia H, Lai Z, Shi H, Zhang J, Wang C, Tian F, Lin H. Dietary Inflammatory Index and Dietary Diversity Score Associated with Sarcopenia and Its Components: Findings from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1038. [PMID: 38613070 PMCID: PMC11013103 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the independent and joint effects of the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and dietary diversity score (DDS) on sarcopenia and its components (low muscle mass, low muscle strength, and low physical performance). A total of 155,669 UK Biobank participants with ≥1 (maximum 5) 24 h dietary assessments were included in this cross-sectional analysis. We used logistic regression models to investigate the associations of E-DII and DDS with sarcopenia and its three components. We further examined the joint effects of E-DII and DDS on sarcopenia and its components using additive and multiplicative interaction analyses. We observed that lower E-DII and higher DDS were associated with lower odds of sarcopenia and its components. There were significant joint associations of E-DII and DDS with sarcopenia and low physical performance (p-interaction < 0.05) on the multiplicative interactive scale. Our study suggests that lower dietary inflammatory potential and higher dietary diversity might be important protective factors against sarcopenia and its components. More cases of sarcopenia and low physical performance might be preventable by adherence to a more anti-inflammatory diet combined with a higher dietary diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzhengyue Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, 2nd Yat-sen Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.S.); (J.Z.); (F.T.)
| | - Hui Xia
- Center for Health Care, Longhua District, Shenzhen 518109, China;
| | - Zhihan Lai
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, 2nd Yat-sen Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.S.); (J.Z.); (F.T.)
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, 2nd Yat-sen Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.S.); (J.Z.); (F.T.)
| | - Junguo Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, 2nd Yat-sen Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.S.); (J.Z.); (F.T.)
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Fei Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, 2nd Yat-sen Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.S.); (J.Z.); (F.T.)
| | - Hualiang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, 2nd Yat-sen Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China; (G.Z.); (Z.L.); (H.S.); (J.Z.); (F.T.)
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Bogaardt L, van Giessen A, Picavet HSJ, Boshuizen HC. A Model of Individual BMI Trajectories. MATHEMATICAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE IMA 2024; 41:1-18. [PMID: 38167965 DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dqad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A risk factor model of body mass index (BMI) is an important building block of health simulations aimed at estimating government policy effects with regard to overweight and obesity. We created a model that generates representative population level distributions and that also mimics realistic BMI trajectories at an individual level so that policies aimed at individuals can be simulated. The model is constructed by combining several datasets. First, the population level distribution is extracted from a large, cross-sectional dataset. The trend in this distribution is estimated from historical data. In addition, longitudinal data are used to model how individuals move along typical trajectories over time. The model faithfully describes the population level distribution of BMI, stratified by sex, level of education and age. It is able to generate life course trajectories for individuals which seem plausible, but it does not capture extreme fluctuations, such as rapid weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Bogaardt
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anoukh van Giessen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - H Susan J Picavet
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hendriek C Boshuizen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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23
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Turnquist BE, MacIver PH, Katzel LI, Waldstein SR. Interactive Relations of Body Mass Index, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Sex to Cognitive Function in Older Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024:acae018. [PMID: 38486431 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The course of cognitive aging is influenced by multiple health factors. This cross-sectional study investigated the interactive relations between body mass index (BMI), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and sex on neuropsychological outcomes in community-dwelling predominantly older adults. METHODS Participants were 164 healthy adults [M (SD) = 64.6 (12.5) years, 56% men, 87% white] who participated in an investigation of cardiovascular risk factors and brain health. Multivariable regression analysis, adjusted for age, education, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and depression, examined the interactive relations of BMI, VO2max, and sex to multiple neuropsychological outcomes. RESULTS Significant BMI*VO2max*sex interactions for Grooved Pegboard dominant (p = .019) and nondominant (p = .005) hands revealed that men with lower VO2max (l/min) displayed worse performance with each hand as BMI increased (p's < .02). A significant BMI*sex interaction for Logical Memory-Delayed Recall (p = .036) (after adjustment for blood glucose) showed that men, but not women, with higher BMI demonstrated worse performance (p = .036). Lastly, significant main effects indicated that lower VO2max was related to poorer logical memory, and higher BMI was associated with poorer Trail Making B and Stroop interference scores (p's < .05). CONCLUSIONS Among men, higher cardiorespiratory fitness may protect against the negative impact of greater BMI on manual dexterity and motor speed, making VO2max a target for intervention. Higher BMI is further associated with poorer executive function and verbal memory (in men), and lower VO2max is associated with poorer verbal memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Eric Turnquist
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peter H MacIver
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leslie I Katzel
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shari R Waldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Prieto-Latorre C, Lopez-Agudo LA, Marcenaro-Gutierrez OD. Influence of body mass index on health complains and life satisfaction. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:705-719. [PMID: 38038808 PMCID: PMC10894113 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research work investigates the influence of children's weight status on well-being and school context in a sample of Spanish adolescences. METHODS The Spanish records from the 2013-14 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Survey are used, which gathers 9,565 adolescences aged 11, 13 and 15. Studies do not usually address the endogeneity of body mass index when analysing their effect on life satisfaction and health complaints, thus resulting in biased estimates. Considering the endogeneity of body mass index, we use the frequency of alcohol consumption as an instrumental variable in order to obtain consistent estimates of its influence. RESULTS The two-stage least squares estimation shows that children's body mass index has a significant negative influence on health complaints and it conditions the way children relate to each other at school. Likewise, results report significant influence on children's subjective well-being and their self-assessment of general health. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide compelling evidence that BMI plays a crucial role in shaping adolescents' well-being and their interactions with peers at school. These findings underscore the importance of addressing childhood overweight and promoting healthy body mass index levels. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for targeted policy interventions to combat the social stigma associated with being overweight, fostering a more inclusive and supportive school environment for all students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Prieto-Latorre
- Departamento de Economía Aplicada (Estadística y Econometría), Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de Málaga, Plaza de El Ejido s/n, 29013, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Luis Alejandro Lopez-Agudo
- Departamento de Economía Aplicada (Estadística y Econometría), Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de Málaga, Plaza de El Ejido s/n, 29013, Málaga, Spain
| | - Oscar David Marcenaro-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Economía Aplicada (Estadística y Econometría), Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de Málaga, Plaza de El Ejido s/n, 29013, Málaga, Spain
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25
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Waller C, Ho A, Batzler A, Geske J, Karpyak V, Biernacka J, Winham S. Genetic correlations of alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder with sex hormone levels in females and males. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3944066. [PMID: 38464231 PMCID: PMC10925434 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3944066/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Alcohol consumption behaviors and alcohol use disorder risk and presentation differ by sex, and these complex traits are associated with blood concentrations of the steroid sex hormones, testosterone and estradiol, and their regulatory binding proteins, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin. Genetic variation is associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder, as well as levels of steroid sex hormones and their binding proteins. Methods To assess the contribution of genetic factors to previously described phenotypic associations between alcohol-use traits and sex-hormone levels, we estimated genetic correlations (rg) using summary statistics from prior published, large sample size genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence, testosterone, estradiol, SHBG, and albumin. Results For alcohol consumption, we observed positive genetic correlation (i.e. genetic effects in the same direction) with total testosterone in males (rg = 0.084, p = 0.007) and trends toward positive genetic correlation with bioavailable testosterone (rg = 0.060, p = 0.084) and SHBG in males (rg = 0.056, p = 0.086) and with albumin in a sex-combined cohort (rg = 0.082, p = 0.015); however in females, we observed positive genetic correlation with SHBG (rg = 0.089, p = 0.004) and a trend toward negative genetic correlation (i.e. genetic effects in opposite directions) with bioavailable testosterone (rg = -0.064, p = 0.032). For alcohol dependence, we observed a trend toward negative genetic correlation with total testosterone in females (rg = -0.106, p = 0.024) and positive genetic correlation with BMI-adjusted SHBG in males (rg = 0.119, p = 0.017). Several of these genetic correlations differed between females and males and were not in the same direction as the corresponding phenotypic associations. Conclusions Findings suggest that shared genetic effects may contribute to positive associations of alcohol consumption with albumin in both sexes, as well as positive associations between alcohol consumption and bioavailable testosterone and between alcohol dependence and SHBG in males. However, relative contributions of heritable and environmental factors to associations between alcohol-use traits and sex-hormone levels may differ by sex, with genetic factors contributing more in males and environmental factors contributing more in females.
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Gao G, Liu Y, Dong Z, He J, Wang C, Chen X, Chen W. Investigation of obesity and its related factors among Chinese medical staff: a cross-sectional pilot study. Eat Weight Disord 2024; 29:15. [PMID: 38372804 PMCID: PMC10876749 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have covered the prevalence of obesity in different populations. However, studies on the prevalence and predictors of obesity among medical staff are lacking. The aim of our study is to investigate the prevalence of obesity among medical staff and to identify the related predictors. METHODS Using a snowballing recruitment strategy in the form of an electronic questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1201 medical staff from cooperative hospitals between January and March 2022. We designed a questionnaire to investigate the participants' demographic, lifestyle, diet, physical activity, and work status. RESULTS The overall prevalence of obesity was 8.5%, with males (13.7%) having a greater incidence than females (5.7%) (p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that alcohol drinking (OR, 2.34; 95% CI 1.23-4.42, p = 0.01), sugar-sweetened beverages consumed > 3/week (OR, 2.50; 95% CI 1.02-6.15, p = 0.046), and working a night shift > 1/week (OR, 2.17; 95% CI 1.02-4.61, p = 0.043) were independent predictive factors for obesity in men. For women, having midnight snack having midnight snack (OR, 2.93;95% CI 1.24-6.96, p = 0.015), good sleep quality (OR, 4.47; 95% CI 1.10-21.70, p = 0.038), and working a night shift > 1/week (OR, 3.62; 95% CI 1.73-7.57, p = 0.001) were independently associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS Obesity presented a low prevalence among medical staff. Alcohol drinking, drinking sugar-sweetened beverages > 3/week, and night shift > 1/week predicted a higher risk of obesity in males. In females, having midnight snack, good sleep quality, and night shift > 1/week were independently associated with obesity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guie Gao
- Department of Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; School of Nursing, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery Clinic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Dong
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinai He
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Meshkat S, Liu Y, Jung H, Tassone VK, Pang H, Janssen-Aguilar R, Lou W, Bhat V. Temporal associations of BMI and glucose parameters with depressive symptoms among US adults. Psychiatry Res 2024; 332:115709. [PMID: 38211470 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
As the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and depression increases, it is important to examine how their associations are changing overtime. We investigated the temporal trends in the association between depressive symptoms, body mass index (BMI) and glucose profile parameters using data from 2005 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire. A total of 32,653 participants were included. Risk of depressive symptoms increased with higher BMI (aOR = 1.586, 95 % CI [1.364, 1.843]), insulin (aOR = 1.327, 95 % CI [1.159, 1.519]), HbA1c (aOR = 1.330, 95 % CI [1.116, 1.585]), or fasting glucose (aOR = 1.565, 95 % CI [1.247, 1.964]) levels compared to those with low levels. Sex differences were found, as overweight males had lower odds of depressive symptoms compared to healthy males, while overweight and obese females had higher odds compared to healthy females. High BMI and glucose parameters were consistently associated with higher depressive symptoms prevalence over time. Temporal variations were observed in the depressive symptoms-BMI and depressive symptoms-HbA1c associations, particularly at the 2007-2008 cycle. This study provides analytic insights into population level trends concerning physical and mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Meshkat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa K Tassone
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hilary Pang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Wendy Lou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mental Health and Addictions Services, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Hirko KA, Lucas DR, Pathak DR, Hamilton AS, Post LM, Ihenacho U, Carnegie NB, Houang RT, Schwartz K, Velie EM. Lifetime alcohol consumption patterns and young-onset breast cancer by subtype among Non-Hispanic Black and White women in the Young Women's Health History Study. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:377-391. [PMID: 37787924 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of alcohol in young-onset breast cancer (YOBC) is unclear. We examined associations between lifetime alcohol consumption and YOBC in the Young Women's Health History Study, a population-based case-control study of breast cancer among Non-Hispanic Black and White women < 50 years of age. METHODS Breast cancer cases (n = 1,812) were diagnosed in the Metropolitan Detroit and Los Angeles County SEER registry areas, 2010-2015. Controls (n = 1,381) were identified through area-based sampling and were frequency-matched to cases by age, site, and race. Alcohol consumption and covariates were collected from in-person interviews. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was conducted to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between alcohol consumption and YOBC overall and by subtype (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2, or triple negative). RESULTS Lifetime alcohol consumption was not associated with YOBC overall or with subtypes (all ptrend ≥ 0.13). Similarly, alcohol consumption in adolescence, young and middle adulthood was not associated with YOBC (all ptrend ≥ 0.09). An inverse association with triple-negative YOBC, however, was observed for younger age at alcohol use initiation (< 18 years vs. no consumption), aOR (95% CI) = 0.62 (0.42, 0.93). No evidence of statistical interaction by race or household poverty was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest alcohol consumption has a different association with YOBC than postmenopausal breast cancer-lifetime consumption was not linked to increased risk and younger age at alcohol use initiation was associated with a decreased risk of triple-negative YOBC. Future studies on alcohol consumption in YOBC subtypes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Hirko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Darek R Lucas
- Epidemiology Program, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Dorothy R Pathak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ann S Hamilton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lydia M Post
- Epidemiology Program, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ugonna Ihenacho
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard T Houang
- Department of Education, College of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kendra Schwartz
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ellen M Velie
- Epidemiology Program, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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29
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Vicente-Gabriel S, Lugones-Sánchez C, Tamayo-Morales O, Vicente Prieto A, González-Sánchez S, Conde Martín S, Gómez-Sánchez M, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, García-Ortiz L, Gómez-Sánchez L, Gómez-Marcos MA. Relationship between addictions and obesity, physical activity and vascular aging in young adults (EVA-Adic study): a research protocol of a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1322437. [PMID: 38344236 PMCID: PMC10853417 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1322437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Behavioral and substance addictions are prevalent health problems that, alongside obesity, are linked to reduced physical activity and increased sedentary time. Similarly, arterial stiffness and vascular aging are processes that begin gradually at an early age and are closely associated with morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. The main objective of this study is to analyze how addictions are related to obesity and body fat distribution, physical activity, sedentary time, arterial stiffness and vascular aging, as well as sleep quality, cognitive function and gender differences in young adults aged between 18 and 34 years. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive observational study will analyze data from 500 subjects (250 men and 250 women) aged 18-34 without cardiovascular disease, selected by simple random sampling with replacement from the urban population of the city center of Salamanca (34,044 people aged 18-34, with 18,450 women and 15,594 men). Behavioral and substance addictions, as well as sleep quality and cognitive impairment will be assessed using questionnaires. The Pittisburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) will be used to measure sleep quality and the Ford questionnaire will be used to measure insomnia in response to stress. For obesity, weight, height, waist and hip circumference, body composition will be measured with the Inbody 230® impedance meter. For physical activity and sedentary time, we will use the Actigraph® accelerometer alongside the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Marshall questionnaire. The Sphygmocor System® will be used for pulse wave analysis and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), while the Vasera VS-2000® will measure cardio ankle vascular index (CAVI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Vascular aging will be calculated with the 10th and 90th percentiles of cfPWV or baPWV. Demographic, analytical variables will be collected, as will data to assess vascular, cardiac, renal, and brain injury. Discussion Addictions are on the rise in today's society, affecting the mental health and well-being of those who suffer from them, generating important social problems such as job loss, family dysfunction, debt and social isolation. Together with obesity, they are prevalent health problems in young adults and are associated with lower physical activity and higher sedentary time. Meanwhile, arterial stiffness and vascular aging are processes that begin gradually at an early age and determine morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases. The results of this project will allow us to understand the situation regarding behavioral and substance addictions in young adults. Better understanding of these addictions will in turn facilitate the development of more effective prevention strategies and intervention programs, which can then reduce the negative impact at both the individual and societal levels. Clinical trial registration [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT05819840].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicente-Gabriel
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Intensive Care Unit, Salamanca University Hospital, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Lugones-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Olaya Tamayo-Morales
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Vicente Prieto
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana González-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Conde Martín
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Home Hospitalization Unit, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Emiliano Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis García-Ortiz
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Leticia Gómez-Sánchez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Emergency Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel A. Gómez-Marcos
- Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla and León Health Service–SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Agarwal K, Joseph PV, Zhang R, Schwandt ML, Ramchandani VA, Diazgranados N, Goldman D, Momenan R. Early life stress and body-mass-index modulate brain connectivity in alcohol use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:43. [PMID: 38245501 PMCID: PMC10799859 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) significantly increases susceptibility to alcohol use disorder (AUD) by affecting the interplay between the executive and the salience networks (SNs). The link between AUD and higher body-mass index (BMI) is known, but we lack understanding of how BMI impacts the relationship between ELS and brain connectivity in individuals with AUD. To bridge this gap, we investigated the main and interaction effects of ELS and BMI on brain connectivity in individuals with AUD compared to non-AUD participants (n = 77 sex-matched individuals per group). All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, revealing intriguing positive functional connectivity between SN seeds and brain regions involved in somatosensory processing, motor coordination and executive control. Examining the relationship of brain connectivity with ELS and BMI, we observed positive associations with the correlations of SN seeds, right anterior insula (RAIns) and supramarginal gyrus (SMG) with clusters in motor [occipital cortex, supplementary motor cortex]; anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) with clusters in frontal, or executive, control regions (middle frontal gyrus; MFG, precentral gyrus) that reportedly are involved in processing of emotionally salient stimuli (all |β | > 0.001, |p | < 0.05). Interestingly, a negative association of the interaction effect of ELS events and BMI measures with the functional connectivity of SN seeds ACC with decision-making (MFG, precentral gyrus), RAIns and RSMG with visuo-motor control regions (occipital cortex and supplementary motor cortex) (all |β | = -0.001, |p | < 0.05). These findings emphasize the moderating effect of BMI on ELS-associated SN seed brain connectivity in AUD. Understanding the neural mechanisms linking BMI, ELS and AUD can guide targeted interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Agarwal
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Paule V Joseph
- Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Melanie L Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Bramness JG, Lien L, Moe JS, Toft H, Pandey S, Lid TG, Strømmen M, Andersen JR, Bolstad I. Bariatric surgery patients in AUD treatment in Norway-an exploratory cross-sectional study. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae007. [PMID: 38369663 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Patients who have undergone some forms of bariatric surgery have increased risk of developing alcohol use disorder (AUD). In the present observational study, we compared patients with AUD who themselves reported to having undergone bariatric surgery with other patients in treatment for AUD. MATERIALS One-hundred-and-six consecutively enrolled patients in residential treatment for AUD were asked if they had undergone bariatric surgery. Sociodemographics, mental health-related, and alcohol use-related parameters were compared between those who had and those who had not undergone bariatric surgery. RESULTS Of the 106 patients with AUD, seven (6.6%; 95% confidence interval, 2.7%-13.1%) had undergone bariatric surgery. Six of seven patients had undergone such surgery were women (P < .001). The patients with AUD who had undergone bariatric surgery were similar to other patients with AUD on most other parameters, the exception being a larger number of alcohol units ingested to feel an effect of alcohol (adjusted odds ratio 7.1; 95% confidence interval 2.0-12.2; P = .007). CONCLUSION The high number of patients with AUD that reported having undergone bariatric surgery emphasizes the risks following such a procedure. The overrepresentation of women may reflect than more women undergo such procedures. The unexpected finding that patients with AUD having undergone bariatric surgery seemed to need more alcohol to feel intoxicated warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen G Bramness
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O.Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Kjonerud kompetansesenter, Løvstadveien 7, 2312 Ottestad, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Institute Clinical of Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Lien
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Kjonerud kompetansesenter, Løvstadveien 7, 2312 Ottestad, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O.Box 400 Vestad, 2418 Elverum, Norway
| | - Jenny S Moe
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O.Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
- Institute Clinical of Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Helge Toft
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O.Box 400 Vestad, 2418 Elverum, Norway
| | - Susmita Pandey
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Kjonerud kompetansesenter, Løvstadveien 7, 2312 Ottestad, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Torgeir G Lid
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. Box 8100, 4068 Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Telegrafdirektør Heftyes vei 73, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Magnus Strømmen
- Centre for Obesity Research, Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav's University Hospital, Postboks 3250 Torgarden, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - John R Andersen
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Svanehaugvegen 1, 6812 Førde, Norway
- Førde Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 1000, 6807 Førde, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Bolstad
- Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O.Box 400 Vestad, 2418 Elverum, Norway
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Lee JW, Roh SY, Yoon WS, Kim J, Jo E, Bae DH, Kim M, Lee JH, Kim SM, Choi WG, Bae JW, Hwang KK, Kim DW, Cho MC, Kim YS, Kim Y, You HS, Kang HT, Lee DI. Changes in alcohol consumption habits and risk of atrial fibrillation: a nationwide population-based study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:49-58. [PMID: 37672594 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Heavy alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the association between habitual changes in heavy habitual drinkers and incident AF remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether absolute abstinence or reduced drinking decreases incident AF in heavy habitual drinkers. METHODS AND RESULTS Atrial fibrillation-free participants with heavy alcohol consumption registered in the Korean National Health Insurance Service database between 2005 and 2008 were enrolled. Habitual changes in alcohol consumption between 2009 and 2012 were classified as sustained heavy drinking, reduced drinking, and absolute abstinence. The primary outcome measure was new-onset AF during the follow-up. To minimize the effect of confounding variables on outcome events, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was performed. Overall, 19 425 participants were evaluated. The absolute abstinence group showed a 63% lower incidence of AF (IPTW hazard ratio: 0.379, 95% confidence interval: 0.169-0.853) than did the sustained heavy drinking group. Subgroup analysis identified that abstinence significantly reduced incident AF in participants with normal body mass index and without hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, heart failure, stroke, chronic kidney disease, or coronary artery disease (all P-value <0.05). There was no statistical difference in incident AF in participants with reduced drinking compared with sustained heavy alcohol group. CONCLUSION Absolute abstinence could reduce the incidence of AF in heavy alcohol drinkers. Comprehensive clinical measures and public health policies are warranted to motivate alcohol abstinence in heavy drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungju-si, South Korea
| | - Seung-Young Roh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woong-Su Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, 1sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheonju-si 28644, Chungcheonbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jinseob Kim
- Department of Statistical Analysis, Zarathu Co., Ltd, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunseo Jo
- Department of Statistical Analysis, Zarathu Co., Ltd, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Bae
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, 1sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheonju-si 28644, Chungcheonbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, 1sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheonju-si 28644, Chungcheonbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, 1sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheonju-si 28644, Chungcheonbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, 1sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheonju-si 28644, Chungcheonbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Woong Gil Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, 1sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheonju-si 28644, Chungcheonbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jang-Whan Bae
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, 1sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheonju-si 28644, Chungcheonbuk-do, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungju-si 28644, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Kuk Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, 1sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheonju-si 28644, Chungcheonbuk-do, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungju-si 28644, South Korea
| | - Dong-Woon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, 1sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheonju-si 28644, Chungcheonbuk-do, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungju-si 28644, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Chan Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776, 1sunhwan-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheonju-si 28644, Chungcheonbuk-do, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungju-si 28644, South Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungju-si, South Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungju-si, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Sun You
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungju-si, South Korea
| | - Hee-Taik Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae-In Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Brammall BR, Garad RM, Teede HJ, Harrison CL. Evaluating Preconception Health and Behaviour Change in Australian Women Planning a Pregnancy: The OptimalMe Program, a Digital Healthy Lifestyle Intervention with Remotely Delivered Coaching. Nutrients 2024; 16:155. [PMID: 38201984 PMCID: PMC10780803 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OptimalMe is a digital healthy lifestyle intervention for women planning a pregnancy, with remotely delivered coaching. This follow-up study of Australian women, stratified by coaching delivery mode (phone vs. videoconferencing), assessed alignment to preconception care guidelines and self-reported behaviour change. Overall, 298 women enrolled with a mean (SD) age of 31.8 (4.3) years and mean BMI of 25.7 (6.1) kg/m2. Suboptimal preconception behaviours were reported at baseline, including alcohol consumption (57.2%), infrequent weighing (37.2%) and incomplete cervical cancer screening (15.8%) and prenatal supplementation (38.5). At follow-up (4.5 months) (n = 217), a statistically significant shift towards desired behaviours was reported for alcohol consumption (z = -2.6045, p = 0.00932), preconception supplementation (z = -2.7288, p = 0.00634) and frequent weight monitoring (z = -5.2911, p < 0.00001). An insignificant shift towards adherence to cervical cancer screening (z = -1.8679, p = 0.06148) was observed, with a positive trend towards adherence. Results indicate that women who are actively planning a pregnancy require support to optimise health and lifestyle in preparation for pregnancy and general health and lifestyle improvement. Women demonstrated improvement in lifestyle behaviours and self-monitoring, indicating the uptake of low-intensity, non-prescriptive information provision. Supporting the provision of knowledge-enhancing tools and general healthy lifestyle information combines with skilled health coaching as an effective method for behaviour change and self-management. OptimalMe also shows significant improvements in rates of healthcare engagement, which suggests coaching-based digital health interventions may decrease women's barriers for preconception care and improve engagement in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cheryce L. Harrison
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University and Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (B.R.B.); (R.M.G.); (H.J.T.)
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Ilić M, Pang H, Vlaški T, Grujičić M, Novaković B. Prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity among medical students from the Western Balkans (South-East Europe Region). BMC Public Health 2024; 24:29. [PMID: 38166959 PMCID: PMC10763029 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Being overweight and obese is associated with an elevated risk of developing noncommunicable diseases, which are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. It is a warning that global prevalence of overweight among university students ranges from 20 to 40%, which presents a significant public health problem. To date, there was no research conducted on medical students regarding the prevalence and associated factors of overweight and obesity in the countries of the Western Balkans (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, and Serbia). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and potential demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related behavioral factors associated with overweight and obesity of medical students from Western Balkans. A cross-sectional study was conducted, surveying 2452 students from 14 medical faculties from 5 countries in the region. The prevalence of overweight was 12% and obesity was 2.3% among medical students from Western Balkans. Male gender and smoking status are significant positive predictors of overweight and obesity. Daily level of physical activity up to 1 h per day, going to preventive check-ups once a year or as a part of annual dormitory check-ups are associated with lower odds of being overweight and obese. By creating adequate public health educational programs, students can be influenced to acquire proper health-related lifestyle habits, which would lead to reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the student population, as well as risk of developing noncommunicable diseases and improving the overall health of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Ilić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
| | - Huiwen Pang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Tomislav Vlaški
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maja Grujičić
- Department of General Education Subjects, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Budimka Novaković
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
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Lee KX, Quek KF, Ramadas A. Dietary and Lifestyle Risk Factors of Obesity Among Young Adults: A Scoping Review of Observational Studies. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:733-743. [PMID: 38038894 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a growing public health concern worldwide, especially among young adults. This scoping review aims to identify and summarize the current evidence on dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with obesity among young adults. RECENT FINDINGS A scoping review was performed using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic search of five electronic databases published from inception to October 2023 was conducted. A total of 46 observational studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The findings suggest that high intake of energy-dense foods, unhealthy eating habits, poor sleep quality, and increased screen time were significant risk factors for obesity among young adults. In contrast, the association between obesity and sedentary behavior, low physical activity levels, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits was inconclusive. The reviewed evidence suggests that unhealthy dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors are associated with an increased risk of obesity among young adults. The findings highlight the need for further research on these modifiable risk factors to prevent and manage obesity among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xin Lee
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Kia Fatt Quek
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Amutha Ramadas
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
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Alvarez Alvarez A, van Leeuwen Sierra M, Alvarez Faedo E, Cernuda Martínez JA. Influencia de los hábitos y los conocimientos sobre alimentación en la sobrecarga ponderal según el ámbito de residencia: estudio transversal. Glob Health Promot 2023; 30:83-92. [PMID: 37078445 DOI: 10.1177/17579759231164103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJETIVO comprobar la influencia de los conocimientos y los hábitos alimenticios en la sobrecarga ponderal según el ámbito de residencia (urbano o rural). MÉTODO se administró un cuestionario a 451 personas, residentes en la zona básica de salud de Villaviciosa (Asturias, España), entre 35 y 65 años, distribuidas en zona rural y urbana, formulario compuesto por preguntas sobre datos sociodemográficos, hábitos y conocimientos nutricionales. Se calcularon frecuencias relativas (%) para las variables cualitativas, y medias aritméticas (desviaciones estándar) para las cuantitativas. Se empleó la correlación de Pearson para comprobar o descartar la relación entre la puntuación en el cuestionario de conocimientos sobre nutrición y el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Para estudiar la relación entre cada pregunta del cuestionario de hábitos y el ámbito de residencia se empleó la prueba chi-cuadrado. Para comparar las medias del IMC por ámbito se aplicó la prueba t para muestras independientes. Se realizaron regresiones logísticas para calcular las odds ratio (OR) entre la variable dependiente (sobrecarga ponderal) y las variables sociodemográficas. RESULTADOS la edad media de los encuestados fue de 49.96 años y el IMC promedio de 26.87 kg/m2, presentando sobrecarga ponderal el 57.6 % total. No leer las etiquetas nutricionales aumenta el riesgo de tener sobrecarga ponderal (OR = 2.2; p = 0.001); quienes consideran que comen en exceso muchas veces presentan mayor probabilidad de sobrecarga ponderal (OR = 8.6; p < 0.001); comer fuera de casa varias veces por semana (OR = 11.6; p = 0.019), así como el consumo de refrescos o zumos procesados (OR = 3.3; p = 0.013) y alcohol de baja graduación (OR = 2.8; p = 0.003) durante las comidas aumentan la probabilidad de sobrecarga ponderal. CONCLUSIONES los hábitos alimenticios y los patrones de actividad física son los principales responsables de sobrecarga ponderal. El adecuado conocimiento en la población puede ayudar a la elaboración de un plan preventivo que permita frenar el crecimiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad.
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Saha A, Mandal B, Muhammad T, Barman P, Ahmed W. Gender-specific determinants of overweight and obesity among older adults in India: evidence from a cross-sectional survey, 2017-18. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2313. [PMID: 37993827 PMCID: PMC10664315 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major societal trend of the twenty-first century is the rapidly ageing population as a consequence of the decline in fertility and increase in life expectancy. Along with the rise in ageing population, the burden of obesity and related non-communicable diseases is also equally rising. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential gender-specific determinants of overweight and obesity among older adults in India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The present study used data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave 1 (2017-18). A total sample of 25,952 older adults (≥ 60 years) was selected for the study. Descriptive statistics, bivariate chi-square test, and logistic regression estimation were applied to accomplish the study objectives. Body mass index (BMI) has been classified in this study according to the WHO criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight was higher among women (18.15% in rural areas and 46.62% in urban areas) compared to men (12.9% in rural areas and 30.61% in urban areas). Similarly, obesity was higher among women than men who were residing in urban areas (17.07% vs. 5.37%), had secondary or above education (32.38% vs. 6.1%) belonged to richest strata (16.37% vs. 4.50%), or had mobility impairment (9.2% vs. 2.8%). Despite adjustment for several confounders, women were more likely to be overweight (OR: 2.18; CI: 1.86, 2.55) and obese (OR: 3.79; CI: 2.86, 5.03) than men. However, among both the elderly men and women, those who were highly educated were 2.29 times (OR: 2.29; CI: 1.80, 4.11) and 2.71 times (OR: 2.71; CI: 1.78, 4.11), respectively more likely to be overweight than their illiterate counterparts. Older adults living in urban areas were more likely to suffer from obesity compared to rural men (OR: 1.47; CI: 1.07, 2.02) and women (OR: 2.58; CI: 1.85, 3.60). Both men and women, who were highly educated were 2.64 times (OR: 2.64; CI: 1.71, 4.09) and 2.94 times (OR: 2.94; CI: 1.40, 6.20), respectively, more likely to be obese than their illiterate counterparts. Older men and women who were richest (OR: 1.60; CI: 1.19, 2.14 & OR: 2.12; CI: 1.63,2.76), or had mobility impairment (OR: 1.33; CI: 1.09,1.61 & OR: 1.72; CI: 1.42,2.08) were more likely to be overweight than their counterparts who were poorest or did not have any mobility limitation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study found increased vulnerability of overweight and obesity among older women than men irrespective of their socioeconomic, demographic, and health status. The present study suggests that introducing preventative measures such as campaigns to encourage physical activity, and community awareness may help reduce the high burden of overweight and obesity. Finally, the findings are important for better functioning of any public health programme and suitable intervention techniques to maintain a healthy body in order to lower the prevalence and risk factors of non-communicable diseases in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Saha
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India.
| | - Bittu Mandal
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, 453552, India
| | - T Muhammad
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Papai Barman
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Waquar Ahmed
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
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Aung TNN, Thaikla K, Wiwatkunupakarn N, Aramrat C, Pinyopornpanish K, Jiraporncharoen W, Quansri O, Papachristou Nadal I, Kinra S, Angkurawaranon C. Development of a tool to estimate sugar and caloric contents in alcoholic beverages for a diabetes self-management program in Thailand. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21162. [PMID: 37954307 PMCID: PMC10637927 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) is recommended as a standard of care for patients with diabetes worldwide. Alcohol consumption is one aspect mentioned within the DSMES program in Thailand where alcohol consumption is the highest among Southeast Asian countries. Many diabetes guidelines suggest limiting alcohol intake to not more than one standard drink per day for adult women and two for adult men if they cannot abstain from drinking. In practice, however, the conversion of alcohol consumption into standard drinks, and nutritional information about the calorie and sugar contents of alcoholic beverages, especially domestically produced spirits, are not commonly available in Thailand. By reviewing the diabetes guidelines internationally and the Thailand alcoholic beverage industry, a visual health education tool to help convert different alcoholic beverages into standard drinks and to provide the calorie and sugar content of alcoholic beverages was developed as a part of the DSMES program. It was finalized following pilot testing and focus group discussions with policymakers, healthcare providers, and type 2 diabetes patients. The personalized counseling tool, integrated with guidelines and culturally tailored to the Thai setting is distributed to counselors/educators. It is a potentially useful tool for patients to make informed choices for their self-management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thin Nyein Nyein Aung
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Global Health and Chronic Conditions Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanittha Thaikla
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Nutchar Wiwatkunupakarn
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Global Health and Chronic Conditions Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chanchanok Aramrat
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Global Health and Chronic Conditions Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanokporn Pinyopornpanish
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Global Health and Chronic Conditions Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wichuda Jiraporncharoen
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Global Health and Chronic Conditions Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Orawan Quansri
- ASEAN Health Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Iliatha Papachristou Nadal
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
- King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Chaisiri Angkurawaranon
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Global Health and Chronic Conditions Research Group, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Zare H, Aazami A, Shalby N, Gilmore DR, Thorpe RJ. Measuring Racial Differences in Obesity Risk Factors in Non-Hispanic Black and White Men Aged 20 Years or Older. Am J Mens Health 2023; 17:15579883231205845. [PMID: 37978812 PMCID: PMC10657537 DOI: 10.1177/15579883231205845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence in the United States has increased drastically in the last two decades. Racial differences in obesity have emerged with the increase in obesity, with temporal trends because of individual, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, eating behaviors, lack of exercise, etc., raising questions about understanding the mechanisms driving these racial differences in the prevalence of obesity among non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) men. Although many studies have measured obesity using body mass index (BMI), little is known about waist circumference (WC). This study examines variations in obesity among NHW and NHB using BMI and WC. We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1999-2016) with a sample of 9,000 NHW and 3,913 NHB men aged 20 years or older. To estimate the association between the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30) and race, we applied modified Poisson regression; to explore and decompose racial differences, we used Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition (OBD). We found that NHW had higher abdominal obesity (WC ≥102) than NHB, but NHB were more likely to be obese (BMI ≥30) during most years, with some fluctuations. Modified Poisson regression showed that NHB had a higher prevalence of obesity (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.04, 1.18]) but lower abdominal obesity (PR: 0.845; 95% CI = [0.801, 0.892]) than NHW. OBD showed that age, access to health care, smoking, and drinking contributed to the differences in abdominal obesity. The study identifies a significant increase in obesity among men over the last two decades; generalized obesity (based on BMI) was more problematic for NHB men, but abdominal obesity was more problematic for NHW men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Zare
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The School of Business, University of Maryland Global Campus (UMGC), Adelphi, MD, USA
| | - Aida Aazami
- The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Noran Shalby
- Public Health Studies in the Johns Hopkins Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danielle R. Gilmore
- Trachtenberg School of Public Policy & Administration, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society Program for Research on Men’s Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society Program for Research on Men’s Health, Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Yoo TK, Han KD, Kim YH, Nam GE, Park SH, Rhee EJ, Lee WY. Differential Impact of Obesity on the Risk of Diabetes Development in Two Age Groups: Analysis from the National Health Screening Program. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:846-858. [PMID: 37915188 PMCID: PMC10695711 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND The effect of obesity on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in different age groups remains unclear. We assessed the impact of obesity on the development of DM for two age groups (40-year-old, middle age; 66-year-old, older adults) in the Korean population. METHODS We analyzed Korean National Health Insurance Service data of 4,145,321 Korean adults with 40- and 66-year-old age without DM, between 2009 and 2014. Participants were followed up until 2017 or until the diagnosis of DM. We assessed the risk of DM based on the body mass index and waist circumference of the participants. Multiple confounding factors were adjusted. RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 5.6 years. The association of general and abdominal obesity with the risk of DM development was stronger in the 40-year-old group (general obesity: hazard ratio [HR], 3.566, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.512 to 3.622; abdominal obesity: HR, 3.231; 95% CI, 3.184 to 3.278) than in the 66-year-old group (general obesity: HR, 1.739; 95% CI, 1.719 to 1.759; abdominal obesity: HR, 1.799; 95% CI, 1.778 to 1.820). In the 66-year-old group, abdominal obesity had a stronger association with the development of DM as compared to general obesity. In the 40-year-old group, general obesity had a stronger association with the risk of DM development than abdominal obesity. CONCLUSION The influence of general and abdominal obesity on the development of DM differed according to age. In older adults, abdominal obesity had a stronger association with DM development than general obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kyung Yoo
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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Mathers JC. Transparency in research collaborations with the brewing industry. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1427-1428. [PMID: 36855926 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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AlKalbani SR, Murrin C. The association between alcohol intake and obesity in a sample of the Irish adult population, a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2075. [PMID: 37875864 PMCID: PMC10594818 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity epidemic is one of the most serious public health challenges of the twenty-first century. Alcohol has been studied as a possible risk factor for obesity, but the evidence is discordant. This study examined the association between alcohol consumption and obesity in a sample of the Irish adult population. METHOD An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the 2017 Healthy Ireland Survey. The primary survey recruited patients using a two-stage probability-based technique and a face-to-face-administered questionnaire to collect data. Descriptive and comparative data were analysed to identify associations between alcohol-related variables with waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). Regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between harmful alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C score ≥ 5) (exposure variable) and obesity indicators (WC and BMI), the primary outcomes of interest. Adjustments were made for sociodemographic, health-related, and other alcohol-related variables. RESULTS Total of 6864 participants, aged 25 and older, took part in this survey (response rate = 60.4%). Most of the participants (81.9%) were alcohol drinkers, with the majority drinking less than three times per week (76.3%); 47.7% were considered harmful drinkers (AUDIT-C score ≥ 5). After controlling for possible confounders, positive associations of harmful alcohol consumption with WC (β = 1.72, 95% CI: 0.25, 3.19) and BMI (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.96) were observed. Binge drinking was positively associated with WC (β = 1.71, 95% CI: 0.50, 2.91), while alcohol consumption frequency was significantly and inversely associated with BMI (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.78). CONCLUSION Harmful alcohol consumption was associated with obesity (high BMI, large WC) after controlling for possible confounders. Frequent binge drinkers were more likely to have a large WC, while frequent alcohol consumers were less likely to have obesity. Further longitudinal studies to examine the exact association between alcohol consumption and obesity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celine Murrin
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Lampenius I, Harjutsalo V, Parente EB, Groop PH. Associations between alcohol consumption and body fat distribution in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 204:110891. [PMID: 37657645 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the associations between alcohol consumption and body fat distribution in type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS DXA assessed the body composition of 548 adults with T1D from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study. Visceral fat mass (VFM) ≥ 0.7% of body weight for women and ≥ 1.1% for men defined central obesity (CO), whereas body fat mass (BFM) ≥ 40.4% for women and ≥ 31.8% for men defined general obesity (GO). Alcohol consumption data were collected via questionnaires. One standard dose = 12 g of pure alcohol. Participants were classified as abstainers, low-risk, moderate-risk and high-risk alcohol consumers. We used linear and logistic regression models for analyses. RESULTS The higher the alcohol consumption the higher the VFM% (r2 = 0.23, β = 0.083, p = 0.04) in both sexes. BFM% presented a similar pattern in men (r2 = 0.12, β = 0.160, p = 0.01), but not in women. One weekly dose increase of alcohol consumption increases the odds of CO by 3% (OR 1.03, p = 0.037), but not GO. The odds of CO (OR 7.3, p = 0.003) and GO (OR 5.3, p = 0.007) increase with high-risk, but not with low- and moderate-risk consumptions. CONCLUSIONS In adults with T1D, alcohol consumption is linearly associated with VFM% regardless of sex, whereas the association with BFM% is sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Lampenius
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika B Parente
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Grzywacz E, Brzuchalski B, Śmiarowska M, Malinowski D, Machoy-Mokrzyńska A, Białecka MA. Significance of Selected Environmental and Biological Factors on the Risk of FASD in Women Who Drink Alcohol during Pregnancy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6185. [PMID: 37834828 PMCID: PMC10573427 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), which refers to alcohol consumption by pregnant women, is associated with the risk of numerous severe complications during fetal development. The State Agency for Alcohol Problem Solving reports that the incidence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in Poland's general population is over 1.7%, and the incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is estimated at more than 0.5%. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of alcohol exposure and focused on the pattern of alcohol intoxication exhibited by the mother during pregnancy and other environmental factors of the maternal environment contributing to the development of FASD. The study covered 554 subjects, including 251 mothers and 303 children (213 girls and 90 boys). The mother's drinking problem was determined based on the information obtained from the case history. All children qualified for the study fulfilled the h-PAE (high alcohol exposure) criteria during their fetal life. The clinical diagnosis of FAS and pFAS (occurrence of morphological symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome) was made using a four-digit diagnostic questionnaire validated in the Polish version of the Washington Questionnaire for the assessment of the spectrum of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders or alcohol-related cognitive impairment (ARND/C). Statistical analysis of the obtained research results was developed using statistical software-STATISTICA PL, version 13.1 (StatSoft, Inc., Szczecin, Poland 2016, STATISTICA-data analysis software system, version 13.1). The most destructive drinking behaviors are compulsive intoxication (BD, binge drinking) during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy and chronic addiction throughout its duration (CHD, chronic drinking). Chronic alcohol intoxication (CHD) leads to a poorer nutritional status in mothers, which is reflected in a lower body mass index (BMI) (<18 kg/m2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Grzywacz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.G.); (B.B.); (M.Ś.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Bogusław Brzuchalski
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.G.); (B.B.); (M.Ś.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Śmiarowska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.G.); (B.B.); (M.Ś.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.G.); (B.B.); (M.Ś.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Anna Machoy-Mokrzyńska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Monika Anna Białecka
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, Aleja Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.G.); (B.B.); (M.Ś.); (M.A.B.)
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Kazibwe R, Chevli PA, Evans JK, Allison M, Michos ED, Wood AC, Ding J, Shapiro MD, Mongraw‐Chaffin M. Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Ectopic Fat in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030470. [PMID: 37681576 PMCID: PMC10547290 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The relationship between alcohol consumption and ectopic fat distribution, both known factors for cardiovascular disease, remains understudied. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between alcohol consumption and ectopic adiposity in adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results In this cross-sectional analysis, we categorized alcohol intake among participants in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) as follows (drinks/day): <1 (light drinking), 1 to 2 (moderate drinking), >2 (heavy drinking), former drinking, and lifetime abstention. Binge drinking was defined as consuming ≥5 drinks on 1 occasion in the past month. Visceral, subcutaneous, and intermuscular fat area, pericardial fat volume, and hepatic fat attenuation were measured using noncontrast computed tomography. Using multivariable linear regression, we examined the associations between categories of alcohol consumption and natural log-transformed fat in ectopic depots. We included 6756 MESA participants (62.1±10.2 years; 47.2% women), of whom 6734 and 1934 had chest computed tomography (pericardial and hepatic fat) and abdominal computed tomography (subcutaneous, intermuscular, and visceral fat), respectively. In adjusted analysis, heavy drinking, relative to lifetime abstention, was associated with a higher (relative percent difference) pericardial 15.1 [95% CI, 7.1-27.7], hepatic 3.4 [95% CI, 0.1-6.8], visceral 2.5 [95% CI, -10.4 to 17.2], and intermuscular 5.2 [95% CI, -6.6 to 18.4] fat but lower subcutaneous fat -3.5 [95% CI, -15.5 to 10.2]). The associations between alcohol consumption and ectopic adiposity exhibited a J-shaped pattern. Binge drinking, relative to light-to-moderate drinking, was also associated with higher ectopic fat. Conclusions Alcohol consumption had a J-shaped association with ectopic adiposity. Both heavy alcohol intake and binge alcohol drinking were associated with higher ectopic fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kazibwe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hospital MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Parag A. Chevli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hospital MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Joni K. Evans
- Department of Biostatistics and Data ScienceWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Alexis C. Wood
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Jingzhong Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Michael D. Shapiro
- Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Section on Cardiovascular MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
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Guo X, Gong S, Chen Y, Hou X, Sun T, Wen J, Wang Z, He J, Sun X, Wang S, Feng X, Tian X. Lifestyle behaviors and stress are risk factors for overweight and obesity in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1791. [PMID: 37710220 PMCID: PMC10503083 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity have become major public health concerns worldwide. Persistent stress can activate the human hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal axis (HPA) and increase the intake of "self-rewarding food", thereby raising the incidence of obesity. Health care workers (HCWs) experience higher workloads and mental stress than workers in many other industries, which may put them at increased risk for overweight/obesity. However, few studies have been carried out on overweight and obesity among HCWs in China, and the overall scenario and behind-the-scenes factors of their overweight and obesity are unknown. The aim of this study is to understand the epidemic of overweight and obesity and risk factors among Chinese HCWs. METHODS Based on a cross-sectional web survey design, 23,234 HCWs from 100 health institutions in 5 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities across China were sampled to answer a self-administered questionnaire that was purposely developed using a multi-staged clustered random-sampling method. Chi-square test and ANOVA were performed to compare variables between two or more groups. Univariate analyses were conducted to identify the influence of self-reported persistent stress and/or recurrent anxiety/depressed mood on lifestyle behaviors. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was used to analyse the risk factors of overweight/obesity. RESULTS Among the respondents, 34.26% were overweight, and 11.22% were obese. Most of the respondents had regular exercise habits (68.17%), had habitually stayed-up late (65.06%) and had been affected by persistent stress and/or recurrent anxiety/depressed mood (62.04%). A higher proportion of those with persistent stress and/or recurrent anxiety/depressed mood than those without habitually staying-up late (76.18%); consumed take-out food (54.92%), fried food (49.93%), snacks or desserts (50.51%); drank sugary drinks (46.57%); smoked (14.27%); and drank alcohol (23.34%). Gender (Female) (OR: 0.314, 95%CI: 0.292-0.336), age (OR: 1.742-2.334, 95%CI: 1.544-2.858), education (OR: 0.620-0.728, 95%CI: 0.445-0.973), living and working area (OR: 1.271, 95%CI: 1.192-1.355), breakfast (OR: 0.898, 95%CI: 0.839-0.960), fried food (OR: 1.133, 95%CI: 1.048-1.224), and alcohol consumption (OR: 1.111, 95%CI: 1.017-1.214) were factors for overweight/obesity. All of the aforementioned results were significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The overweight/obesity rate of Chinese HCWs is rather high, which might be directly associated with lifestyle behaviors. However, these behaviors fundamentally originated from persistent stress and/or recurrent anxiety/depression, mediated by lifestyle behaviors. Substantial measures should be taken for stress reduction and mental health promotion for overweight/obesity prevention and control among HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230031, China
| | | | - Ying Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Xiaohui Hou
- Chinese Center for Health Education, Beijing, 100011, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Jianqiang Wen
- Gansu Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Center, Gansu, 741021, China
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Health Promotion and Education Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 843199, Xinjang, China
| | - Jingyang He
- Health Education Institute of Henan Center for Disease Control, Henan, 450004, China
| | - Xuezhu Sun
- Center for Lifestyle Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Center for Lifestyle Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Xiangyang Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, 230031, China.
- Chinese Center for Health Education, Beijing, 100011, China.
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Ebrahimi A, Wiil UK, Baskaran R, Peimankar A, Andersen K, Nielsen AS. AUD-DSS: a decision support system for early detection of patients with alcohol use disorder. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:329. [PMID: 37658294 PMCID: PMC10474761 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) causes significant morbidity, mortality, and injuries. According to reports, approximately 5% of all registered deaths in Denmark could be due to AUD. The problem is compounded by the late identification of patients with AUD, a situation that can cause enormous problems, from psychological to physical to economic problems. Many individuals suffering from AUD never undergo specialist treatment during their addiction due to obstacles such as taboo and the poor performance of current screening tools. Therefore, there is a lack of rapid intervention. This can be mitigated by the early detection of patients with AUD. A clinical decision support system (DSS) powered by machine learning (ML) methods can be used to diagnose patients' AUD status earlier. METHODS This study proposes an effective AUD prediction model (AUDPM), which can be used in a DSS. The proposed model consists of four distinct components: (1) imputation to address missing values using the k-nearest neighbours approach, (2) recursive feature elimination with cross validation to select the most relevant subset of features, (3) a hybrid synthetic minority oversampling technique-edited nearest neighbour approach to remove noise and balance the distribution of the training data, and (4) an ML model for the early detection of patients with AUD. Two data sources, including a questionnaire and electronic health records of 2571 patients, were collected from Odense University Hospital in the Region of Southern Denmark for the AUD-Dataset. Then, the AUD-Dataset was used to build ML models. The results of different ML models, such as support vector machine, K-nearest neighbour, decision tree, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting, were compared. Finally, a combination of all these models in an ensemble learning approach was selected for the AUDPM. RESULTS The results revealed that the proposed ensemble AUDPM outperformed other single models and our previous study results, achieving 0.96, 0.94, 0.95, and 0.97 precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy, respectively. In addition, we designed and developed an AUD-DSS prototype. CONCLUSION It was shown that our proposed AUDPM achieved high classification performance. In addition, we identified clinical factors related to the early detection of patients with AUD. The designed AUD-DSS is intended to be integrated into the existing Danish health care system to provide novel information to clinical staff if a patient shows signs of harmful alcohol use; in other words, it gives staff a good reason for having a conversation with patients for whom a conversation is relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ebrahimi
- SDU Health Informatics and Technology, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Uffe Kock Wiil
- SDU Health Informatics and Technology, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ruben Baskaran
- SDU Health Informatics and Technology, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abdolrahman Peimankar
- SDU Health Informatics and Technology, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Andersen
- Unit for Clinical Alcohol Research, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anette Søgaard Nielsen
- Unit for Clinical Alcohol Research, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Song J, Choi S, Park SJ, Kim SM, Cho Y, Lee G, Kim JS, Park SM. Association of the amount of alcohol consumption with change in skeletal muscle and fat mass among Korean adults. Alcohol 2023; 111:9-16. [PMID: 37054822 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The association between changes in alcohol consumption and body composition remains unclear. We investigated the association between changes in drinking habits and muscle mass and fat mass in adults. From the Health Examinees in Korea, the study population (N = 62 094) was categorized according to alcohol consumption (g of ethanol/day) and the changes in drinking habits between the baseline and follow-up periods were determined. Predicted muscle mass index (pMM), lean mass index, and fat mass index (pFM) were also calculated using age, sex, weight, height, and waist circumference. The β coefficient and adjusted means were then calculated using multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for covariates, including follow-up duration, calorie intake, and protein intake. Compared to the almost-unchanged drinking group (reference; adjusted mean: -0.030 [95% confidence intervals: -0.048, -0.011]), there was no statistical difference or tendency of change in the pMMs of the most-decreased (-0.024 [-0.048, 0.000]) and the most-increased (-0.027 [-0.059, -0.013]) alcohol-consumed groups. The pFM decreased at those with less alcohol consumption (0.053 [-0.011, 0.119]) and increased with increased alcohol consumption (0.125 [0.063, 0.187]), compared to the no-change group (reference; 0.088 [0.036, 0.140]). Thus, changes in alcohol consumption were not significantly associated with changes in muscle mass. Increased alcohol consumption was associated with increased fat mass. Reducing the amount of alcohol consumption may improve body composition in terms of fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihun Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulggie Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Jae Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosun Cho
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongsil Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medical Food R&D Center, Esther Formula, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Soo Kim
- International Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The field of hepatology has made impressive progress over its ~75 years of existence. Advances in understanding liver function and its dysregulation in disease, genetic determinants of disease, antiviral therapy, and transplantation have transformed the lives of patients. However, there are still significant challenges that require ongoing creativity and discipline, particularly with the emergence of fatty liver diseases, as well as managing autoimmune disease, cancer, and liver disease in children. Diagnostic advances are urgently needed to accelerate risk stratification and efficient testing of new agents with greater precision in enriched populations. Integrated, holistic care models should be extended beyond liver cancer to diseases like NAFLD with systemic manifestations or extrahepatic comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, addiction, and depressive disorders. To meet the growing burden of asymptomatic liver disease, the workforce will need to be expanded by incorporating more advanced practice providers and educating other specialists. The training of future hepatologists will benefit from incorporating emerging skills in data management, artificial intelligence, and precision medicine. Continued investment in basic and translational science is crucial for further progress. The challenges ahead are significant, but with collective effort, the field of hepatology will continue to make progress and overcome obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Otsuka K, Nishiyama H, Kuriki D, Kawada N, Ochiya T. Connecting the dots in the associations between diet, obesity, cancer, and microRNAs. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:52-69. [PMID: 37156343 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic levels worldwide, leading to a lower quality of life and higher health costs. Obesity is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases, including cancer, although obesity is one of the major preventable causes of cancer. Lifestyle factors, such as dietary quality and patterns, are also closely related to the onset and development of obesity and cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the complex association between diet, obesity, and cancer remain unclear. In the past few decades, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, have been demonstrated to play critical roles in biological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and metabolism, highlighting their importance in disease development and suppression and as therapeutic targets. miRNA expression levels can be modulated by diet and are involved in cancer and obesity-related diseases. Circulating miRNAs can also mediate cell-to-cell communications. These multiple aspects of miRNAs present challenges in understanding and integrating their mechanism of action. Here, we introduce a general consideration of the associations between diet, obesity, and cancer and review the current knowledge of the molecular functions of miRNA in each context. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between diet, obesity, and cancer could be valuable for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurataka Otsuka
- Tokyo NODAI Research Institure, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan; Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjyuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nishiyama
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuriki
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawada
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjyuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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