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Irani H, Abiri B, Khodami B, Yari Z, Lafzi Ghazi M, Hosseinzadeh N, Saidpour A. Effect of time restricted feeding on anthropometric measures, eating behavior, stress, serum levels of BDNF and LBP in overweight/obese women with food addiction: a randomized clinical trial. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:577-589. [PMID: 37436939 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2234704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Food addiction (FA) as a specific food-related behavior may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and gut microbiota (GM) alterations probably through fasting are closely related to brain function, affecting eating behaviors and body weight management. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of time-restricted feeding (TRF) on serum BDNF levels and eating behaviors in overweight and obese women with FA. METHODS AND DESIGN This clinical trial was performed with a 2-month follow-up on 56 obese and overweight women with FA. Participants were randomly divided into two groups receiving a low-calorie diet (n = 27) and a group receiving a low-calorie diet with TRF (n = 29). Anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, eating behavior, and stress were assessed during the study period. RESULTS The reductions in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body fat mass were significantly higher in the TRF group compared to the control group at week 8 (P = 0.018, P = 0.015. P = 0.03, and P = 0.036, respectively). The cognitive restriction score was higher in the TRF as compared with the control group (P = 0.002). The food addiction criteria score was significantly reduced in both groups (P < 0.001). Serum levels of BDNF were significantly increased in the TRF group (P < 0.001). In addition, BDNF levels had a positive and significant correlation with the cognitive restriction score (r = 0.468 and P < 0.001), While the correlation with FA was not significant (β = 0.588 and P = 0.618). Lipopolysaccharide binding protein decreased significantly in both groups, but this decrease was significantly higher in the TRF group than in the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that a low-calorie diet with TRF is more effective in weight management than a low-calorie diet alone, probably through further modulating the GM and improving BDNF levels. More effective weight loss in the TRF is probably related to better management of eating behavior than FA. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: IRCT20131228015968N7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Irani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Abiri
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Khodami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Lafzi Ghazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Hosseinzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atoosa Saidpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lauche R, Fathi I, Saddat C, Klose P, Al-Abtah J, Büssing A, Rampp T, Dobos G, Cramer H. Effects of Modified Ramadan Fasting on Mental Well-Being and Biomarkers in Healthy Adult Muslims - A Randomised Controlled Trial. Int J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s12529-024-10296-0. [PMID: 38777939 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-024-10296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ramadan fasting has seen increased attention in research, often with inconsistent findings. This study aims to investigate whether dietary and lifestyle modifications during Ramadan can improve well-being and health in healthy adult Muslims. METHOD A randomised controlled trial with two parallel groups was conducted in an outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Essen, Germany, in 2016. Healthy adult Muslims (n = 114) aged 18-60 years were randomised to a modified fasting group; i.e., they received educational material prompting dietary and lifestyle modifications pre-Ramadan, and a control group who undertook Ramadan fasting as usual. Primary outcome was quality of life (WHO-5 Well-Being Index). Secondary outcomes included sleep quality, spirituality, and mindfulness (all self-report), body weight, body mass index, body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, and heart rate, as well as blood serum biomarkers. Safety was examined via adverse events. RESULTS The modified fasting group reported significantly higher quality of life (WHO-5) compared to the control after Ramadan (MD 5.9; 95% CI, 0.02-11.8; p < 0.05). Group differences in favour of the modified fasting were also found for satisfaction with health (MD 5.9, 95% CI 0.19-11.67), ease of life (MD 4.1, 95% CI 0.38-7.80) and mindfulness (MD 7.6, 95% CI 2.68-12.52), reductions in weight (MD, - 0.9 kg; 95% CI - 1.39 to - 0.42), BMI (MD - 0.3 kg/m2, 95% CI - 0.50 to - 0.15), hip circumference (MD - 0.3 kg/m2, 95% CI - 0.50 to - 0.15), and diastolic blood pressure (MD - 2.8 mmHg, 95% CI - 5.15 to - 0.43). About 60% of participants reported adverse events, mostly headaches/migraines, dizziness/fatigue, common cold, and gastrointestinal symptoms, with no group differences. One serious non-related adverse event each occurred in both groups. CONCLUSION Pre-Ramadan dietary and lifestyle advice can lead to short-term improvements in mental and physical well-being of adult Muslims observing Ramadan. As such, this study demonstrates the potential benefits of culturally appropriate health interventions in a religious context. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT02775175).
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Lauche
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Military Rd, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Iman Fathi
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Chalil Saddat
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Klose
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jallal Al-Abtah
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Arndt Büssing
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Thomas Rampp
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gustav Dobos
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Centre for Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger Cramer
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Southern Cross University, Military Rd, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Bosch Health Campus, Stuttgart, Germany
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Espinosa A, Rubio-Blancas A, Camacho-Zamora A, Salcedo-Grajales I, Bravo-García AP, Rodríguez-Vega S, Barrera-Flores R, Molina-Segui F, May-Hau A, Ferreyro-Bravo F, Martínez Vázquez SE, Nava-González EJ, Laviada Molina HA. [Intermittent fasting: effects in diverse clinical settings]. NUTR HOSP 2024; 41:230-243. [PMID: 38047415 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: intermittent fasting plans propose to limit food intake during specific periods as nutritional therapeutic strategies to treat different metabolic conditions in various clinical entities. However, the heterogeneity between each context of intermittent fasting could generate different results in metabolic parameters. Objective: to evaluate the clinical application of intermittent fasting and to discern whether it offers advantages over other traditional strategies. Methods: structured questions were formulated (PICO), and the methodology followed the guidelines established by the PRISMA 2020 statement. The search was conducted in different databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar). Results: we found 3,962 articles, of which 56 were finally included; 3,906 articles that did not directly or indirectly answer the structured questions were excluded. Conclusions: compared to conventional diets, the various AI schemes do not generate advantages or disadvantages in terms of weight loss and lipid profile, although in the alternate-day variant there are greater insulin reductions than those observed in the continuous energy restriction. The heterogeneity of the interventions, the populations studied, the comparators, the results, and the type of design make it impossible to extrapolate the effects found in all clinical scenarios and generalize the recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Espinosa
- Departamento de Nutrición. Escuela de Salud Pública. Universidad de Harvard
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abraham May-Hau
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Marista de Mérida
| | | | - Sophia E Martínez Vázquez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán"
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Alkurd R, Mahrous L, Zeb F, Khan MAB, Alhaj H, Khraiwesh HM, Faris ME. Effect of Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting Regimens on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Cognitive Function in Humans: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:191. [PMID: 38276070 PMCID: PMC10819730 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Background: The potential positive interaction between intermittent fasting (IF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on cognitive function has been widely discussed. This systematic review tried to assess the efficacy of interventions with different IF regimens on BDNF levels and their association with cognitive functions in humans. Interventions with different forms of IF such as caloric restriction (CR), alternate-day fasting (ADF), time-restricted eating (TRE), and the Ramadan model of intermittent fasting (RIF) were targeted. Methods: A systematic review was conducted for experimental and observational studies on healthy people and patients with diseases published in EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from January 2000 to December 2023. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statements (PRISMA) for writing this review. Results: Sixteen research works conducted on healthy people and patients with metabolic disorders met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Five studies showed a significant increase in BDNF after the intervention, while five studies reported a significant decrease in BDNF levels, and the other six studies showed no significant changes in BDNF levels due to IF regimens. Moreover, five studies examined the RIF protocol, of which, three studies showed a significant reduction, while two showed a significant increase in BDNF levels, along with an improvement in cognitive function after RIF. Conclusions: The current findings suggest that IF has varying effects on BDNF levels and cognitive functions in healthy, overweight/obese individuals and patients with metabolic conditions. However, few human studies have shown that IF increases BDNF levels, with controversial results. In humans, IF has yet to be fully investigated in terms of its long-term effect on BDNF and cognitive functions. Large-scale, well-controlled studies with high-quality data are warranted to elucidate the impact of the IF regimens on BDNF levels and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refat Alkurd
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan;
| | - Lana Mahrous
- Department of Health Sciences/Track of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 12461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Falak Zeb
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Moien AB Khan
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Hamid Alhaj
- Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Husam M. Khraiwesh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, Jordan;
| | - MoezAlIslam E. Faris
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Healthy Aging, Longevity and Sustainability Research Group, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Conde-Pipó J, Mora-Fernandez A, Martinez-Bebia M, Gimenez-Blasi N, Lopez-Moro A, Latorre JA, Almendros-Ruiz A, Requena B, Mariscal-Arcas M. Intermittent Fasting: Does It Affect Sports Performance? A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:168. [PMID: 38201996 PMCID: PMC10780856 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting is one of the most popular types of diet at the moment because it is an effective nutritional strategy in terms of weight loss. The main objective of this review is to analyze the effects that intermittent fasting has on sports performance. We analyzed physical capacities: aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, strength, and power, as well as their effect on body composition. For this, a bibliographic search was carried out in several databases where 25 research articles were analyzed to clarify these objectives. Inclusion criteria: dates between 2013 and present, free full texts, studies conducted in adult human athletes, English and/or Spanish languages, and if it has been considered that intermittent fasting is mainly linked to sports practice and that this obtains a result in terms of performance or physical capacities. This review was registered in PROSPERO with code ref. 407024, and an evaluation of the quality or risk of bias was performed. After this analysis, results were obtained regarding the improvement of body composition and the maintenance of muscle mass. An influence of intermittent fasting on sports performance and body composition is observed. It can be concluded that intermittent fasting provides benefits in terms of body composition without reducing physical performance, maintenance of lean mass, and improvements in maximum power. But despite this, it is necessary to carry out new studies focusing on the sports field since the samples have been very varied. Additionally, the difference in hours of intermittent fasting should be studied, especially in the case of overnight fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Conde-Pipó
- Health Science and Nutrition Research (HSNR, CTS-1118), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (A.M.-F.); (A.L.-M.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Agustín Mora-Fernandez
- Health Science and Nutrition Research (HSNR, CTS-1118), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (A.M.-F.); (A.L.-M.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Manuel Martinez-Bebia
- Department Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Lorca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.M.-B.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Nuria Gimenez-Blasi
- Nutrition Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Avila, 05005 Ávila, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Lopez-Moro
- Health Science and Nutrition Research (HSNR, CTS-1118), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (A.M.-F.); (A.L.-M.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - José Antonio Latorre
- Department Food Technology, Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Lorca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.M.-B.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Antonio Almendros-Ruiz
- Health Science and Nutrition Research (HSNR, CTS-1118), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (A.M.-F.); (A.L.-M.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Bernardo Requena
- Research and Development Department, Football Science Institute, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
- Health Science and Nutrition Research (HSNR, CTS-1118), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (A.M.-F.); (A.L.-M.); (A.A.-R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
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Braz AF, Figueira de Oliveira ML, da Costa DHS, Torres-Leal FL, Guedes RCA. Treadmill Exercise Reverses the Adverse Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Behavior and Cortical Spreading Depression in Young Rats. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1726. [PMID: 38137174 PMCID: PMC10742290 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) and physical exercise (PE) have beneficial psychological and physiological effects, improving memory and anxiety-like behavior. However, the impact of this combination on brain electrophysiological patterns is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the behavior and parameters of a brain excitability-related phenomenon named cortical spreading depression (CSD) in young rats (31-87 days of life) submitted to IF and treadmill PE for eight weeks. Sixty-four male and female Wistar rats aged 24 days were randomized into control, IF, PE, and IF+PE groups. Behavioral tests (open field (OF), object recognition, and elevated plus maze (EPM)) were performed, and the CSD propagation features were recorded. IF caused behavioral responses indicative of anxiety (lower number of entries and time spent in the OF center and EPM open arms). IF also reduced the discrimination index for object recognition memory tests and increased the propagation velocity of CSD. PE rats displayed more entries into the OF center and lowered CSD propagation speed. Data suggest that IF worsens anxiety-like behavior and memory and accelerates CSD in young rats. In contrast, PE reverted the unfavorable effects of IF. The brain effects of IF and PE at younger ages are recommended for study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ferraz Braz
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal
- Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group (DOMEN), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil
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Minnebo Y, De Paepe K, Raes J, Van de Wiele T. Eating patterns contribute to shaping the gut microbiota in the mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad149. [PMID: 37974054 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating patterns, i.e. meal frequency and circadian timing of meals, are often modified in weight loss and metabolic healing strategies. However, in-depth research into the effects on the gut microbiome remains scarce, particularly across various colon regions and niches. We identified eating patterns to contribute in shaping the in vitro gut biomass production, metabolism, and microbial community compositions by subjecting four faecal microbiomes to a pattern that is standardized for a dynamic gut model (feeding at 09, 17, and 01 h), a typical Western (breakfast, lunch, and dinner at 09, 13, and 19 h, respectively), and a time-restricted pattern (single meal at 09 h). While eating patterns moderately affected the microbiome (2.4% and 1.8% significant variation in proportional and quantitative microbial compositions, respectively), significant changes were noted in the time-restricted pattern, including increased Bacteroides, Butyricicoccus, Dialister, and Faecalibacterium abundances. Sampling every 4 h revealed no significant circadian fluctuations in biomass production, microbial community compositions, or functionality. Longer fasting times favoured the growth of slower-growing species, such as Akkermansia, Dialister, and Parasutterella over faster-growers, such as Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas. Our findings illustrate the importance of recording and considering eating patterns as a gut microbiome determinant in in vivo and in vitro dietary intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorick Minnebo
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim De Paepe
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Murta L, Seixas D, Harada L, Damiano RF, Zanetti M. Intermittent Fasting as a Potential Therapeutic Instrument for Major Depression Disorder: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15551. [PMID: 37958535 PMCID: PMC10647529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported positive effects of Intermittent Fasting (IF) on metabolic parameters, cognition, and mood. However, regarding depressive symptoms, the effect of IF is not clear. The purpose of this review was to assess the available evidence on IF interventions for depression in both clinical and preclinical studies. Of the 23 included studies, 15 were performed on humans and 8 on animal models. The studies on rodents suggested that IF acts as a circadian regulator, improving neurotransmitter availability and increasing the levels of neurotrophic factors in the brain. However, the investigations on humans mainly evaluated healthy volunteers and showed a great heterogeneity regarding both the IF regimen studied and the observed effects on mood. Most available clinical trials have specific limitations, such as small sample sizes and uncontrolled designs. A comprehensive systematic review was conducted on five databases, PubMed, Cochrane, the Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science databases, BVS and Scopus, identifying 23 relevant studies up to 6 October 2022. IF has potentially relevant physiological effects for the treatment of mood disorders, but better designed studies and controlled evaluations are needed to evaluate its efficiency in the treatment of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Murta
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo 01308-050, Brazil; (L.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Daniela Seixas
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; (D.S.); (R.F.D.)
| | - Luana Harada
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo 01308-050, Brazil; (L.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Rodolfo Furlan Damiano
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; (D.S.); (R.F.D.)
| | - Marcus Zanetti
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo 01308-050, Brazil; (L.H.); (M.Z.)
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Mayor E. Neurotrophic effects of intermittent fasting, calorie restriction and exercise: a review and annotated bibliography. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1161814. [PMID: 37334045 PMCID: PMC10273285 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1161814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, important progress has been achieved in the understanding of the neurotrophic effects of intermittent fasting (IF), calorie restriction (CR) and exercise. Improved neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis (NSPAN) are essential examples of these neurotrophic effects. The importance in this respect of the metabolic switch from glucose to ketone bodies as cellular fuel has been highlighted. More recently, calorie restriction mimetics (CRMs; resveratrol and other polyphenols in particular) have been investigated thoroughly in relation to NSPAN. In the narrative review sections of this manuscript, recent findings on these essential functions are synthesized and the most important molecules involved are presented. The most researched signaling pathways (PI3K, Akt, mTOR, AMPK, GSK3β, ULK, MAPK, PGC-1α, NF-κB, sirtuins, Notch, Sonic hedgehog and Wnt) and processes (e.g., anti-inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis) that support or thwart neuroprotection, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis are then briefly presented. This provides an accessible entry point to the literature. In the annotated bibliography section of this contribution, brief summaries are provided of about 30 literature reviews relating to the neurotrophic effects of interest in relation to IF, CR, CRMs and exercise. Most of the selected reviews address these essential functions from the perspective of healthier aging (sometimes discussing epigenetic factors) and the reduction of the risk for neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease) and depression or the improvement of cognitive function.
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Ballestero-Arnau M, Rodríguez-Herreros B, Nuño-Bermúdez N, Cunillera T. Sporadic fasting reduces attentional control without altering overall executive function in a binary classification task. Physiol Behav 2023; 260:114065. [PMID: 36549561 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diets with intermittent fasting are an efficient method for producing clinically significant weight loss and preventing the development of obesity. However, individuals following intermittent fasting must face the difficulty of avoiding eating when experiencing the feeling of hunger. In this study, we investigated which aspects of executive function were affected following a prolonged period of food deprivation in participants that have never previously undergone intermittent fasting. Twenty-six participants with normal weight performed two binary classification tasks (Stop Signal (SST) and Go/NoGo) after either a 12 h fasting or a nonfasting period in separate sessions. We measured their performance in several underlying decision-making processes, such as response inhibition and attentional control. In line with previous studies, our results revealed that decision-making processes to resolve the classification task were unaffected by fasting. Response inhibition, as indexed by the stop signal reaction time in the SST, remained as well unaltered after food deprivation. Rather, we observed a higher error rate in NoGo trials following a fasting period, which was associated with disrupted attentional control. Overall, these results indicate that when a hunger feeling reaches consciousness, it induces deficits over certain aspects of attentional control. Our findings hint at the importance of structured behavioral change strategies to cope with fasting-induced difficulties in attentional control, to help achieve weight management goals through successful self-monitoring of food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ballestero-Arnau
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology. Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona; Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171; 08035, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Rodríguez-Herreros
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Nuño-Bermúdez
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology. Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona; Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171; 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Cunillera
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology. Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona; Pg. Vall d'Hebron, 171; 08035, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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The effect of Ramadan fasting on mental health and some hormonal levels in healthy males. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-023-00623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Millions of Muslims around the world fast during the holy month of Ramadan as a requirement of their religion Islam. Studies have reported varying effects of Ramadan fasting on mental health and various hormones. This study aimed to examine the effects of Ramadan fasting on mental health and plasma Leptin, Ghrelin, Neuropeptide Y (NPY), Growth Hormone levels in healthy individuals, and to evaluate the possible relationship between their hormone values and scale scores. Male healthcare professionals working at a university hospital without any psychiatric disease were included in the study. In the last week before Ramadan and in the first week after Ramadan, participants’ blood samples were taken at 8.00 in the morning after 12 h of fasting, taking into account the release pattern and pulsatile release of these hormones in order to measure plasma Leptin, Ghrelin, NPY and Growth Hormone levels. Simultaneously, a sociodemographic data form, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Scale of Dimensions of Interpersonal Relationships were applied to participants.
Results
The sample of the study included a total of 40 healthcare professionals. Participants’ BSI interpersonal sensitivity and phobic anxiety subscales scores and their general severity and positive symptom distress index scores decreased significantly after Ramadan compared to those measured before Ramadan. (p < 0.001, p = 0.020, p = 0.042, p = 0.006 respectively). Also participants’ ghrelin levels increased significantly after Ramadan compared to those measured before Ramadan (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
The effects of Ramadan fasting on mental health may be mediated by some psychoneuroendocrine mechanisms. In order to elucidate these mechanisms that mediate the effect of Ramadan fasting on mental health, there is a need for better-structured studies with larger samples and more variables.
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Anic K, Schmidt MW, Furtado L, Weidenbach L, Battista MJ, Schmidt M, Schwab R, Brenner W, Ruckes C, Lotz J, Lackner KJ, Hasenburg A, Hasenburg A. Intermittent Fasting-Short- and Long-Term Quality of Life, Fatigue, and Safety in Healthy Volunteers: A Prospective, Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194216. [PMID: 36235868 PMCID: PMC9571750 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) is defined as an eating pattern without calorie restrictions, alternating between periods of fasting and eating. In the past decades IF has not only become a popular weight-reducing diet but is thought to improve Quality of Life (QoL) and fatigue. However, very little evidence exists for the general population. Thus, we aimed to assess the impact of a 16-h fasting period per day over a three-month study period on QoL and especially fatigue in healthy people. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study including healthy subjects. All participants fasted 16 h for at least five days a week while maintaining their normal lifestyle. In the study, we analysed blood samples as well as QoL through standardized questionnaires (WHO-5 questionnaire, Short Form Health 36). Furthermore, we measured the degree of fatigue with the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) as well as compliance, activity records, and weight alterations. All endpoints were evaluated at baseline, after two weeks, four weeks, and three months of IF. Results: A total of 30 participants fasted for the entire study period. The results of the WHO-5 questionnaire (15.6 ± 4.6 vs. 18 ± 3.6, p < 0.0019) demonstrated a significant increase in QoL. For long-term QoL six out of eight domains measured by the Short Form Health 36 (SF-36) significantly improved (e.g., physical health: 92.3 ± 11.6 vs. 96.5 ± 6.3, p = 0.015; mental health: 75.5 ± 12.0 vs. 81.7 ± 9.0; p < 0.001 and body pain: 74.1 ± 31.8 vs. 89.5 ± 14.9; p = 0.008) after three months. Fatigue significantly decreased from 10.3 ± 3.2 to 8.4 ± 2.5; p = 0.002 for mental fatigue and from 12.6 ± 3.8 to 10.7 ± 3.3; p = 0.002 measured by the FAS. The mean FSS-Score at baseline was 3.5 ± 1.2 compared to 2.9 ± 1.1 (scale 1−7) after three months (p < 0.001). Notably, the proliferation marker IGF-1 was significantly reduced. No clinically significant changes in laboratory parameters were observed that would have endangered a participant’s safety. Conclusions: IF according to the 16:8 regime over a fasting period of three months significantly improved several aspects of the QoL and decreased fatigue in healthy people, while maintaining a good safety profile. The practicability of this diet was also demonstrated for shift workers and people with a high percentage of active labour. Apart from the improvement in QoL and fatigue, the significant reduction in IGF-1, which can act as an accelerator of tumour development and progression, might be an indicator of the potential benefits of IF for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Anic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-5303
| | - Mona W. Schmidt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Larissa Furtado
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lina Weidenbach
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco J. Battista
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roxana Schwab
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Ruckes
- Interdisciplinary Center Clinical Trials, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Lotz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J. Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Annette Hasenburg
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Lü W, Yu T, Kuang W. Effects of dietary restriction on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 26:540-550. [PMID: 35469542 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2068876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential positive link between cognitive function and dietary restriction has been widely concerned. The present study describes a systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of dietary restriction on cognitive function. We classified dietary restrictions as Calories Restriction (CR) and Intermittent Fasting (IF). METHOD This systematic review and meta-analysis conducted following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement (PRISMA) Checklist, Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the cognition effectiveness of dietary restriction from database inception to Sep 2021. RESULT Eleven RCTs met the inclusion criteria in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall effect of dietary restriction on cognitive function is SMD = 0.22 (95% CI: 0.09-0.34, p < 0.01). The effect on global function SMD = 0.35 (95% CI: 0.04-0.65, p < 0.05) and memory SMD = 0.18 (95% CI: 0.00-0.35, p = 0.05) is significant. MCI showed the best effectiveness SMD = 0.36 (95% CI: 0.05-0.68, p < 0.05), followed by the normal weight population SMD = 0.28 (95% CI: 0.03-0.52, p < 0.05) and overweight population SMD = 0.20 (95% CI: 0.06-0.34, p < 0.01). No statistically significant difference showed between IF and CR (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that dietary restriction has varying degrees of positive effect on cognitive function in overweight/normal-weight people and MCI. However, it should be cautious when generalizing to other populations. Additional high-quality, large-scale, cohort and intervention studies are needed to further assess the effectiveness of dietary restriction on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Lü
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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14
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Wei J, Hou J, Mu T, Sun J, Li S, Wu H, Su B, Zhang T. Evaluation of Computerized Cognitive Training and Cognitive and Daily Function in Patients Living With HIV: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e220970. [PMID: 35238931 PMCID: PMC8895263 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the incidence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) has not yet been controlled. With the exception of ART, there is no beneficial pharmacologic treatment. However, some studies have reported that computerized cognitive training (CCT) programs may improve cognitive function among people living with HIV. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between CCT programs and 8 domains measuring cognitive function (7 domains) and daily function (1 domain) among people living with HIV. DATA SOURCES Records from the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched from database inception to December 15, 2020. Supplementary searches to identify missing studies were conducted in Google Scholar using updated search terms from database inception to November 18, 2021. STUDY SELECTION Studies that compared changes before and after a CCT intervention among people living with HIV were included. Search terms were a combination of words associated with HIV (eg, people living with HIV, HIV, and/or AIDS) and cognitive training (eg, cognitive intervention, nonpharmacology intervention, computer game, video game, computerized training, cognitive exercise, cognitive stimulation, and/or cognitive enhancement). Studies were included if they (1) used CCT as the primary intervention or combined CCT with other types of interventions; (2) used placebo, passive control conditions, traditional cognitive training, or single training tasks as control conditions; (3) reported changes between baseline and posttraining; (4) included participants 18 years or older; and (5) were randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Studies were excluded if they (1) were not associated with HIV, (2) were research protocols or feedback reports, (3) were case reports, or (4) did not report findings for domains of interest. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two reviewers independently extracted data. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Random-effects models were used to quantitatively synthesize the existing data. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes were the meta-synthesized changes in each domain after CCT. RESULTS Among 1245 records identified, 1043 were screened after removal of duplicates. Of those, 1019 records were excluded based on titles and abstracts, and 24 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. After exclusions, 12 eligible RCTs were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. These RCTs involved 596 total participants, with 320 individuals in the CCT group (mean age, 47.5-59.7 years; 0%-94% female; 8.3-14.2 years of education) and 276 individuals in the control group (mean age, 44.2-60.0 years; 19%-90% female; 9.0-14.9 years of education). The average HIV inhibition ratio (the proportion of participants who achieved virological suppression) ranged from 30% to 100%, and the CD4+ T-cell count ranged from 471 to 833 cells/μL. The time since training ranged from 3 to 24 weeks. After receipt of CCT, function significantly improved in 6 of the 8 domains: abstraction and executive function (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.26-0.91; P < .001), attention and working memory (SMD, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.33-0.91; P < .001), memory (SMD, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.20-0.97; P = .003), motor skills (SMD, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.24-0.77; P < .001), speed of information processing (SMD, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.37-0.94; P < .001), and daily function (SMD, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.02-0.86; P = .04). Sensory and perceptual skills (SMD, 0.06; 95% CI, -0.36 to 0.48; P = .78) and verbal and language skills (SMD, 0.46; 95% CI, -0.07 to 0.99; P = .09) did not significantly improve after CCT. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This meta-analysis of RCTs found that CCT programs were associated with improvements in cognitive and daily function among people living with HIV. Future studies are needed to design optimal specific training programs and use implementation science to enable the transformation of CCT from a scientific research tool to a real-world clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Hou
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tingting Mu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Astragalus membranaceus treatment combined with caloric restriction may enhance genesis factors and decrease apoptosis in the hippocampus of rats. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 99:104584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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A Al-Samhari G, M Al-Mushiki G, Tamrakar R, Abdullahi G, Lin YD, Tang XY. Fasting, Nutrition and Weight Loss: An Approach to Refine Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 67:366-374. [PMID: 34980714 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease. It includes a group of conditions associated with fat deposition in liver cells. Also, NAFLD is strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Until now, there is no pharmacological treatment validated for this disease. Fasting, nutritional intervention, and weight loss can be considered the first line in treating hepatic steatosis. This review is based on the scientific evidence showing the results of these interventions in the past years. The results include fasting and nutritional support for NAFLD treatment in humans. In clinical trials and cohort studies, an increase in hepatic fat content was correlated with a weight loss of at least 7% and a diet resembling the Mediterranean diet (MD) improving hepatic biomarkers and histological regression of NAFLD. Fasting is a dietary approach known to improve the lipid profile in healthy and obese populations by decreasing overall cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and increasing HDL. Bariatric surgery helps improve liver fat content in patients with serious health problems due to overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rashi Tamrakar
- Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Gibirima Abdullahi
- Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
| | - Yue-Dong Lin
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University
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17
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Xie J, Huang H, Chen Y, Xu L, Xu C. Skipping breakfast is associated with an increased long-term cardiovascular mortality in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) but not MAFLD-free individuals. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 55:212-224. [PMID: 34877669 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balancing calorie control to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by skipping breakfast while guarding against its potential risks is a challenge. AIMS To explore the association between skipping breakfast and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). METHODS A total of 9926 individuals (including 3004 MAFLD participants) aged 20 years or older were enrolled in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and followed for up to 27 years. All participants were classified according to the frequency of breakfast consumption (every day, some days, rarely and never). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS During the 212 239 person-years of follow-up, we documented a total of 2595 deaths including 603 deaths from CVDs. Of these, 1039 deaths including 253 deaths from CVDs were recorded in MAFLD individuals. MAFLD individuals showed higher cardiovascular mortality than MAFLD-free controls (P < 0.001). Furthermore, skipping breakfast was independently associated with high cardiovascular mortality risk (adjusted HR: 2.850, 95% CI: 1.490-5.452; P = 0.002), and a high cerebrovascular disease mortality risk (adjusted HR: 5.570, 95% CI: 1.814-17.099; P = 0.003) in participants with MAFLD. However, skipping breakfast was not associated with cardiovascular mortality in MAFLD-free individuals (adjusted HR: 1.526, 95% CI: 0.701-3.326; P = 0.280). CONCLUSIONS In this US population-based study, skipping breakfast was associated with a high risk of cardiovascular mortality in MAFLD but not MAFLD-free individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangkai Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yishu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Igwe O, Sone M, Matveychuk D, Baker GB, Dursun SM. A review of effects of calorie restriction and fasting with potential relevance to depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110206. [PMID: 33316333 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of calorie reduction (calorie restriction) and fasting on depression. In the current paper, we have reviewed the literature in this area, with discussion of the possible neurobiological mechanisms involved in calorie restriction and intermittent fasting. Factors which may play a role in the effects of these dietary manipulations on health include changes involving free fatty acids, ketone bodies, neurotransmitters, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cytokines, orexin, ghrelin, leptin, reactive oxygen species and autophagy. Several of these factors are potential contributors to improving symptoms of depression. Challenges encountered in research on calorie restriction and intermittent fasting are also discussed. Although much is now known about the acute effects of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, further long term clinical studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogechi Igwe
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mari Sone
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dmitriy Matveychuk
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen B Baker
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Serdar M Dursun
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Ragab AH, Kishk NA, Hassan A, Yacoub O, El Ghoneimy L, Elmazny A, Elsawy EH, Mekkawy D, Othman AS, Rizk HI, Mohammad ME, Shehata HS, Shalaby N, Magdy R. Changes in migraine characteristics over 30 days of Ramadan fasting: A prospective study. Headache 2021; 61:1493-1498. [PMID: 34726767 DOI: 10.1111/head.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study Ramadan's effect on migraine from the start to the end of the month and the tolerability of patients with migraine to fasting. BACKGROUND Fasting is a well-known trigger for migraine. Whether this effect on migraine is the same throughout the whole month, or whether it varies from the first to the last days of the month, has not been studied yet. METHODS A prospective cohort observational study was carried out on persons with migraine who fasted from 24 April to 23 May during Ramadan 2020. Each patient was asked to fill out their headache diary starting from Shaaban (the month before Ramadan) to the end of Ramadan. The Ramadan diary was divided by 10 days each, by which the patient was asked to accurately describe their migraine attacks in terms of frequency, duration, and intensity by using the Visual Analog Scale. Migraine attacks during the first day of fasting were assessed separately. RESULTS A total of 292 known persons with migraine from Egypt completed the study. Their median age was 33 years; 72/292 (24.7%) were male, and 220/292 (75.3%) were female. About 126/236 (53.4%) of the patients had migraine attacks on Ramadan's first day, most of them during fasting. The frequency of migraine attacks was significantly increased in Ramadan (median 4, interquartile range [IQR] 2-7) compared with Shaaban (median 3, IQR 1-6), p = 0.009. The number of attacks was significantly reduced in both the second (median 1, IQR 0-2.25) and the third 10 days of Ramadan (median 1, IQR 1-3) compared with the first 10 days (median 3, IQR 1-5) (p < 0.001 for each). CONCLUSION Ramadan's potential exacerbating effect on the frequency of migraine attacks should be discussed with patients with migraine. This effect appears to be limited to the first 10 days of Ramadan and then subsides with successive days of fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany H Ragab
- Department of Neurology, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nirmeen A Kishk
- Department of Neurology, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Hassan
- Department of Neurology, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama Yacoub
- Department of Neurology, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna El Ghoneimy
- Department of Neurology, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Elmazny
- Department of Neurology, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Internal Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Enji H Elsawy
- Department of Neurology, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Mekkawy
- Department of Neurology, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alshimaa S Othman
- Department of Neurology, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda Ibrahim Rizk
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hatem S Shehata
- Department of Neurology, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevin Shalaby
- Department of Neurology, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Magdy
- Department of Neurology, Kasr-Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Elmajnoun HK, Faris ME, Uday S, Gorman S, Greening JE, Haris PI, Abu-Median AB. Impact of COVID-19 on Children and Young Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review With Emphasis on the Potential of Intermittent Fasting as a Preventive Strategy. Front Nutr 2021; 8:756413. [PMID: 34778345 PMCID: PMC8581608 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.756413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The world is still struggling to control the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The level of uncertainty regarding the virus is still significantly high. The virus behaves differently in children and young adults. Most children and adolescents are either asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. They generally have a very good prognosis. However, it is not well-known whether children and young adults with type 2 diabetes are at risk of getting a severe infection of COVID-19. Many Muslim children with type 2 diabetes have been performing dawn to dusk fasting during the month of Ramadan, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of this on their health has not been well investigated. Previous studies in adults have suggested that intermittent fasting may be beneficial in different ways including reversal of type 2 diabetes and prevention of COVID-19 infection. Objective: The primary aim of this narrative review is to summarise the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and young adults with type 2 diabetes, and to identify the knowledge gaps in the literature. It also explores the potential of intermittent fasting in reversing the pathogenesis of diabetes and highlighting how this approach could prevent these patients from developing chronic complications. Methods: This narrative review has been produced by examining several databases, including Google Scholar, Research Gate, PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (EBSCO), and Web of Science. The most common search terms used were "COVID-19 AND Children", "SARS-CoV-2 AND/OR Children", "COVID-19 AND Diabetes" "COVID-19 Epidemiology", "COVID-19 AND Ramadan fasting", "COVID-19 and Intermittent fasting." All the resources used are either peer-reviewed articles/reports and/or official websites of various media, governmental and educational organisations. Results: Having reviewed the currently limited evidence, it has been found that the incidence of COVID-19 among children with type 2 diabetes seems to be not much different from children without diabetes. However, these patients are still vulnerable to any infection. Several studies have reported that prevention programmes such as intermittent fasting are effective to protect these groups of patients from developing any complications. Moreover, observing Ramadan fasting as a type of intermittent fasting could be beneficial for some children with established diabetes, prediabetes and people at risk. Conclusion: Children and young adults with type 2 diabetes are not at risk of severe COVID-19 infection as the case in adults with diabetes. More research is needed to identify the impact of COVID-19 and to investigate the efficacy and safety of intermittent fasting, including Ramadan fasting, among these age groups. Implementing these cost-effective programmes may have a great impact in minimising the incidence of diabetes. Moreover, this could be effective particularly at prediabetes stage by preventing these people from going onto develop type 2 diabetes and taking medications for the rest of their life and protecting people from complications linked to disease and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala K. Elmajnoun
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Histology and Medical Genetics, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
| | - MoezAlIslam E. Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, Sharjah Institute for Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suma Uday
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Gorman
- Department of Paediatrics, St Luke's Hospital, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - James E. Greening
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Parvez I. Haris
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Abu-Bakr Abu-Median
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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21
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Alsowaid L, Perna S, Peroni G, Gasparri C, Alalwan TA, Rondanelli M. Multidimensional evaluation of the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on the health of female students at the University of Bahrain. ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2021.1975403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Layla Alsowaid
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita,” University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita,” University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tariq A. Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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22
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Ramadan Observance Is Associated with Impaired Kung-Fu-Specific Decision-Making Skills. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147340. [PMID: 34299791 PMCID: PMC8305331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of Ramadan observance (RAM) on decision-making in Kung-Fu athletes. Fourteen male Kung-Fu athletes (mean age = 19 ± 3 years) completed two test sessions: before Ramadan (BR) and at the end of Ramadan (ER). In the afternoon of each session (between 16:00 h and 18:00 h), participants completed: Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Profile of Mood States (POMS), and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Subjects also reported subjective fatigue, alertness, and concentration. Additionally, all participants performed video-based decision-making tasks (i.e., reaction time and decision-making). Results indicated that reaction time decreased by 30% at ER vs. BR (p < 0.01). However, decision-making decreased by 9.5% at ER vs. BR (p < 0.05). PSQI results indicated sleep quality score, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency were negatively affected at ER compared to BR (p < 0.05). ESS was higher at ER compared to BR (p < 0.05). In addition, fatigue scores, estimated by the POMS and current subjective feelings (i.e., fatigue, concentration, and alertness), were also negatively affected at ER compared to BR (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Ramadan observance was associated with an adverse effect on sleep and decision making, as well as feelings of fatigue, alertness, and concentration.
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23
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Hwang BY, Mampre D, Boesch JR, Huang J, Anderson WS. Total Fasting and Dehydration in the Operating Room: How Can Surgeons Survive and Thrive? JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2021; 78:1295-1304. [PMID: 33419691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hydration and nutrition are critical to achieving optimal performance. This study aimed to assess the impact of limited oral intake in the operating room environment on surgical resident health, well-being, and performance. DESIGN Electronic survey was sent to 94 surgical trainees at our institution in 2020. Chi-square analyses were performed to assess for differences in survey responses by sex. SETTING A single tertiary-care institution. PARTICIPANTS Surveys were sent to surgical residents and fellows in general surgery, neurosurgery, and orthopedic surgery. Seventy-nine (80%) of the 94 residents and fellows responded. RESULTS Of the 79 responses, most trainees (79%) experienced dehydration within 6 hours of operating. Forty-four (56%) reported no fluid intake for greater than 6 hours on average, and 39 (49%) reported that they frequently had difficulty rehydrating in between cases. Most of the respondents (70%) frequently experienced symptoms of dehydration, including orthostasis, headache, and constipation. Fifty-six (71%) believed that dehydration frequently affected their performance. Compared to men, women were more likely to feel dehydrated within 4 hours of operating (58% vs. 25%, p = 0.005). Women were also more likely to have difficulty rehydrating in between cases (75% vs. 38%, p = 0.0026), experience symptoms of dehydration (92% vs. 60%, p = 0.0049), and report that dehydration affects surgical performance (88% vs. 64%, p = 0.0318). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged fasting and dehydration are common issues that may negatively impact performance and wellbeing of surgical trainees. Also, dehydration may affect men and women differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Y Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - David Mampre
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John R Boesch
- 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne), U.S. Army Special Operations Command, Fort Campbell, Kentucky
| | - Judy Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William S Anderson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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24
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Charlot K, Chapelot D, Siracusa J, Lavoué C, Colin P, Oustric P, Thivel D, Finlayson G, Bourrilhon C. An augmented food strategy leads to complete energy compensation during a 15-day military training expedition in the cold. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14591. [PMID: 34057319 PMCID: PMC8165736 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soldiers on military expeditions usually fail to compensate for the increase in energy expenditure, with potential deleterious consequences. We therefore analyzed the characteristics of energy compensation in 12 male soldiers, during a 15-day expedition in the cold, while alleviating some of the contextual limitations of food intake (~20-MJ daily bags of easy-to-use, highly palatable and familiar foods with multiple and long breaks allowed during the day). Body and fat mass losses were low and moderate, respectively (-1.13 ± 1.42% and -19.5 ± 15.6%, respectively, p < .021). Mean energy intake (EI) was high (~16.3 MJ) and increased at each third of the expedition (15.3 ± 2.1, 16.1 ± 2.1, and 17.6 ± 2.0 for D1-5, D6-10 and D11-15, respectively, p < .012). This resulted in reaching a neutral energy balance as soon as the D6 to 10 period and reaching normal energy availability during D11 to 15. Participants only increased their EI during the mid-day (10:00-14:00) period (p = .002) whereas hunger and thirst only increased in the morning, with higher scores during D11-15 than D1-5 (p < .009). Last, the reward value of sweet foods was also higher during D11-15 than during D1-5 (p = .026). The changes in body mass were positively associated with EI (r = 0.598, p = .040) and carbohydrate intake (r = 0.622, p = .031). This study indicates that complete energy compensation can be reached in challenging field conditions when food intake is facilitated, offering some guidelines to limit energy deficit during operational missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyne Charlot
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions ExtrêmesDépartement Environnements OpérationnelsInstitut de Recherche Biomédicale des ArméesBretigny‐Sur‐OrgeFrance
- LBEPSUniv EvryIRBAUniversité Paris SaclayEvryFrance
| | - Didier Chapelot
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et StatistiqueEquipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN)Inserm (U1153)Inra (U1125)CnamUniversité Paris 13BobignyFrance
| | - Julien Siracusa
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions ExtrêmesDépartement Environnements OpérationnelsInstitut de Recherche Biomédicale des ArméesBretigny‐Sur‐OrgeFrance
- LBEPSUniv EvryIRBAUniversité Paris SaclayEvryFrance
| | - Chloé Lavoué
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions ExtrêmesDépartement Environnements OpérationnelsInstitut de Recherche Biomédicale des ArméesBretigny‐Sur‐OrgeFrance
- LBEPSUniv EvryIRBAUniversité Paris SaclayEvryFrance
| | - Philippe Colin
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions ExtrêmesDépartement Environnements OpérationnelsInstitut de Recherche Biomédicale des ArméesBretigny‐Sur‐OrgeFrance
- LBEPSUniv EvryIRBAUniversité Paris SaclayEvryFrance
| | - Pauline Oustric
- Appetite Control Energy Balance Research GroupSchool of PsychologyFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - David Thivel
- Appetite Control Energy Balance Research GroupSchool of PsychologyFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
- Laboratoire des adaptations Métaboliques à l’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (EA 3533)Université Clermont AuvergneClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control Energy Balance Research GroupSchool of PsychologyFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Cyprien Bourrilhon
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et des Activités en Conditions ExtrêmesDépartement Environnements OpérationnelsInstitut de Recherche Biomédicale des ArméesBretigny‐Sur‐OrgeFrance
- LBEPSUniv EvryIRBAUniversité Paris SaclayEvryFrance
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25
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Martins LB, Braga Tibães JR, Sanches M, Jacka F, Berk M, Teixeira AL. Nutrition-based interventions for mood disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:303-315. [PMID: 33487078 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1881482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: 'Nutritional Psychiatry' is an emerging area of research that has great potential as an adjunctive tool for the prevention and treatment of diverse neuropsychiatric disorders. Several nutrition-related aspects, such as obesity, dietary patterns, gut microbiome composition and gut permeability, bioactive food compounds, and nutrients can influence pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders.Areas covered: Here, the authors review the current evidence on nutrition-mood interaction and nutrition-based treatments for the two main mood disorders, i.e., major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.Expert opinion: Consistent evidence from observational studies has pointed out the association between a 'healthy' diet, generally characterized by a higher intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, whole grains, and good quality sources of protein (i.e. fish and/or seafood), and decreased risk of mood disorders and the parallel association between a 'Western' diet pattern and increased risk. However, only a few clinical trials have evaluated the effect of nutritional interventions on the treatment of these conditions. The bidirectional interaction between the brain and the gut, named 'brain-gut-microbiome axis' or 'gut-brain axis', plays a key role in the link between nutrition and mood disorders. Therefore, nutrition-based strategies for gut microbiota modulation are promising fields in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais B Martins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States.,Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jenneffer Rayane Braga Tibães
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marsal Sanches
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Felice Jacka
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antônio L Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States.,Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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26
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Erbaba B, Arslan-Ergul A, Adams MM. Effects of caloric restriction on the antagonistic and integrative hallmarks of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101228. [PMID: 33246078 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a significant risk factor for cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases, which makes understanding what promotes 'healthy brain aging' very important. Studies suggest that caloric restriction (CR) is a non-genetic intervention that reliably extends life- and healthspan. Here, we review the CR literature related to both the subject of aging and alterations in cell cycle machinery, especially surrounding the regulation of the E2F/DP1 complex, to elucidate the cellular protection mechanisms in the brain induced via dietary applications. The alterations extending lifespan via CR appear to exert their effects by promoting survival of individual cells, downregulating cell proliferation, and inducing stem cell quiescence, which results in keeping the stem cell reserve for extreme needs. This survival instinct of cells is believed to cause some molecular adaptations for their maintenance of the system. Avoiding energy waste of proliferation machinery promotes the long term survival of the individual cells and this is due to adaptations to the limited nutrient supply in the environment. Such a protective mechanism induced by diet could be promoted via the downregulation of crucial cell cycle-related transcription activators. This review article aims to bring attention to the importance of molecular adaptations induced by diet that promote healthy brain aging. It will provide insights into alternative targets for new treatments or neuroprotective approaches against neurodegenerative pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begun Erbaba
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayca Arslan-Ergul
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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27
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Mehrabani S, Bagherniya M, Askari G, Read MI, Sahebkar A. The effect of fasting or calorie restriction on mitophagy induction: a literature review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1447-1458. [PMID: 32856431 PMCID: PMC7749612 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction can be a major cause of a wide range of age-related diseases. Maintaining the normal homeostasis of mitochondria population plays an important role in ensuring people's health, which is done through the mitophagy process. Among the various stimuli for the onset of mitophagy, caloric restriction (CR) is one of the strongest non-genetic triggers for initiating the mitophagy process. The primary objective of this paper is to review the literature assessing the effect of CR on mitophagy. Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases was searched from inception to 1 August 2019. Reference lists from all selected articles were also examined for additional relevant studies. The evidence regarding the effect of fasting or CR on mitophagy is still limited. In addition, the methodological approaches of the studies are too heterogeneous in terms of types of food restriction, study duration, and targeted tissues. Most of the studies showed that fasting or CR induced mitophagy and mitophagy-related markers such as Binp3 and Parkin. However, some studies demonstrated that mitophagy occurred both in fasting and fed state with no significant differences or may be induced in fed state. Study on the muscle tissue of subjects after exercise showed that mitophagy was upregulated in the fed state. It has been demonstrated that mitophagy in the muscle was lowered in the absence of AMP-dependent kinase and fibroblast growth factor 21 genes, both in fasted and fed conditions. Current evidence overwhelmingly suggests that CR and fasting induce mitophagy and mitophagy-related markers. Based on the current evidence that we reviewed here, it could be concluded that fasting or CR has a promising role as a novel and practical approach in the prevention of age-related diseases without any side effects by inducing mitophagy in different organs of the body. More studies will be required in future to clarify the relationship between food deprivation and mitophagy. Further studies using a variety of different types of CR and fasting states are also warranted to determine the best approach for inducing mitophagy and improving health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Mehrabani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morgayn I Read
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
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28
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Totani Y, Nakai J, Hatakeyama D, Ito E. Memory-enhancing effects of short-term fasting. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1827053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Totani
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. Nakai
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D. Hatakeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - E. Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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29
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Zouhal H, Bagheri R, Ashtary-Larky D, Wong A, Triki R, Hackney AC, Laher I, Abderrahman AB. Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on inflammatory and biochemical biomarkers in males with obesity. Physiol Behav 2020; 225:113090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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30
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Charlot K, Chapelot D, Colin P, Bourrilhon C. Daily energy balance and eating behaviour during a 14-day cold weather expedition in Greenland. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:968-977. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We assessed energy compensation, appetite, and reward value of foods during a 14-day military expedition in Greenland realized by 12 male French soldiers, during which energy compensation was optimized by providing them with easy-to-eat palatable foods in excess. Although daily energy expenditure (estimated by accelerometry) stayed relatively constant throughout the expedition (15 ± 9 MJ·day−1), energy intake (EI; estimated by self-reported diaries) was 17% higher during the D8–D14 period compared with the D1–D7 period, leading to a neutral energy balance (EB). Body fat mass (BFM) significantly decreased (–1.0 ± 0.7 kg, p < 0.001) but not body mass (BM). Neither hunger scores (assessed by visual analog scales) nor components of the reward value of food (explicit liking (EL) and food preference) were significantly altered. However, changes in EL at D10 were positively correlated with changes in BM (r = 0.600, p < 0.05) and BFM (r = 0.680, p < 0.05) and changes in hunger in the EI of the relevant period (r = 0.743, p < 0.01 for D1–D7, r = 0.652, p < 0.05 for D8–14). This study shows that the negative EB and BM loss can be attenuated by an appropriate food supply and that subjective components of eating behaviour, such as hunger and EL, may be useful to predict the magnitude of energy compensation. Novelty Energy intake increases during of a 14-day expedition in the cold. Energy compensation was likely facilitated by providing participants with easy-to-eat palatable and familiar foods. Hunger scores and EL for energy-dense foods were associated with high EIs and low BM changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyne Charlot
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, 1 place Général Valérie André, 91223 Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France
| | - Didier Chapelot
- Université Paris 13, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, Bobigny, France
| | - Philippe Colin
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, 1 place Général Valérie André, 91223 Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France
| | - Cyprien Bourrilhon
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, 1 place Général Valérie André, 91223 Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France
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31
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Grigolon RB, Brietzke E, Trevizol AP, McIntyre RS, Mansur RB. Caloric restriction, resting metabolic rate and cognitive performance in Non-obese adults: A post-hoc analysis from CALERIE study. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 128:16-22. [PMID: 32485641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) has been proposed as a determinant of cognitive function and is one component of energy balance (EB). EB is the difference between energy intake (EI) and the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). TDEE is a combination of resting metabolic rate (RMR), thermic effect of food and PA. The potential role of each of these components on cognitive function has not yet been systemically investigated. We aim to evaluate the association between each component of EB on cognition, using baseline and longitudinal data from a clinical trial of caloric restriction (CR). This is a parallel-group, randomized clinical trial comparing two years of 25% CR with two years of ad libitum diet (AL), with 220 healthy volunteers of both sex, aged between 21 and 50 years and initial BMI ≥ 22 kg/m2 and <28 kg/m2. Body weight, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and bone mineral content were evaluated, as well as RMR, TDEE, cognitive performance and baseline energy intake. A 30 min/day of a moderate level on a minimum of 5 days/week was advised as PA measure. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that the influence of CR in the improvement of cognitive performance was moderated by changes in RMR, suggesting that in individuals submitted to CR, the cognitive performance and the RMR improved proportionally, independently of changes in EI and body mass. EB and homeostasis are crucial to modulate the RMR. Moreover, RMR presents an important influence on cognitive function in individuals submitted to CR in a long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Bartelli Grigolon
- Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Post-Graduation Program in Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Alisson Paulino Trevizol
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention and Campbell Family Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Tekos F, Skaperda Z, Goutzourelas N, Phelps DS, Floros J, Kouretas D. The Importance of Redox Status in the Frame of Lifestyle Approaches and the Genetics of the Lung Innate Immune Molecules, SP-A1 and SP-A2, on Differential Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090784. [PMID: 32854247 PMCID: PMC7554878 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 is of great concern to the scientific community. This mainly affects the elderly and people with underlying diseases. People with obesity are more likely to experience unpleasant disease symptoms and increased mortality. The severe oxidative environment that occurs in obesity due to chronic inflammation permits viral activation of further inflammation leading to severe lung disease. Lifestyle affects the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. It has been shown that a careful diet rich in antioxidants, regular exercise, and fasting regimens, each and/or together, can reduce the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress and strengthen the immune system as they lead to weight loss and activate cellular antioxidant mechanisms and reduce oxidative damage. Thus, a lifestyle change based on the three pillars: antioxidants, exercise, and fasting could act as a proactive preventative measure against the adverse effects of COVID-19 by maintaining redox balance and well-functioning immunity. Moreover, because of the observed diversity in the expression of COVID-19 inflammation, the role of genetics of innate immune molecules, surfactant protein A (SP-A)1 and SP-A2, and their differential impact on the local lung microenvironment and host defense is reviewed as genetics may play a major role in the diverse expression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Tekos
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (Z.S.); (N.G.)
| | - Zoi Skaperda
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (Z.S.); (N.G.)
| | - Nikolaos Goutzourelas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (Z.S.); (N.G.)
| | - David S. Phelps
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) and Departments of Pediatrics, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.S.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Joanna Floros
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) and Departments of Pediatrics, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.S.P.); (J.F.)
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (Z.S.); (N.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2410-565-277; Fax: +30-2410-565-290
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Caristia S, De Vito M, Sarro A, Leone A, Pecere A, Zibetti A, Filigheddu N, Zeppegno P, Prodam F, Faggiano F, Marzullo P. Is Caloric Restriction Associated with Better Healthy Aging Outcomes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2290. [PMID: 32751664 PMCID: PMC7468870 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Global dietary patterns have gradually shifted toward a 'western type' with progressive increases in rates of metabolic imbalance. Recently, animal and human studies have revealed positive effects of caloric restriction (CR) on many health domains, giving new knowledge for prevention of ill and health promotion; Methods: We conducted a systematic review (SR) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the role of CR on health status in adults. A meta-analysis was performed on anthropometric, cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes; Results: A total of 29 articles were retrieved including data from eight RCTs. All included RCTs were at low risk for performance bias related to objective outcomes. Collectively, articles included 704 subjects. Among the 334 subjects subjected to CR, the compliance with the intervention appeared generally high. Meta-analyses proved benefit of CR on reduction of body weight, BMI, fat mass, total cholesterol, while a minor impact was shown for LDL, fasting glucose and insulin levels. No effect emerged for HDL and blood pressure after CR. Data were insufficient for other hormone variables in relation to meta-analysis of CR effects; Conclusion: CR is a nutritional pattern linked to improved cardiometabolic status. However, evidence is limited on the multidimensional aspects of health and requires more studies of high quality to identify the precise impact of CR on health status and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caristia
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.V.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (N.F.); (P.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Marta De Vito
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.V.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (N.F.); (P.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Andrea Sarro
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.V.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (N.F.); (P.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Alessio Leone
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.V.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (N.F.); (P.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Alessandro Pecere
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.V.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (N.F.); (P.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Angelica Zibetti
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.V.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (N.F.); (P.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Nicoletta Filigheddu
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.V.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (N.F.); (P.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.V.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (N.F.); (P.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Department of Health Sciences (DISS), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Faggiano
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.V.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (N.F.); (P.Z.); (F.F.)
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.V.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (N.F.); (P.Z.); (F.F.)
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
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Yu Q, Zou L, Kong Z, Yang L. Cognitive Impact of Calorie Restriction: A Narrative Review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:1394-1401. [PMID: 32693996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The impairment of cognitive function can cause substantial emotional and financial burdens. A recent global increasing trend in cognitive impairment and associated disorders has been observed, which will continue to grow as the population ages rapidly. As a nonpharmaceutical approach, calorie restriction (CR) has received extensive research interests due to its health benefits, including maintaining cognitive function. In this narrative review, we first briefly introduce the role of cognitive function in activities of daily living and CR as a part of healthy lifestyle behaviors to protect against cognitive decline. Second, we present results from human studies demonstrating that CR might be beneficial for improving age-related cognitive decline and cognitive impairment in the clinical population such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Third, the potential mechanisms regarding the protective effects of CR on cognition are discussed. Fourth, specific suggestions are highlighted to be considered in future human studies. Overall, although there are few data available from human studies, CR appears to be beneficial for cognitive protection for both healthy and clinical populations. Further scientific investigations are needed before a firm conclusion can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada; Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Miladi A, Ben Fraj S, Latiri I, Ben Saad H. Does Ramadan Observance Affect Cardiorespiratory Capacity of Healthy Boys? Am J Mens Health 2020; 14:1557988320917587. [PMID: 32475293 PMCID: PMC7263136 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320917587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies raising the issue of the effects of Ramadan observance (RO) on boys' 6-min walk test (6MWT) data are rare. The studies, which did not include control groups of non-fasters, presented contradictory results. This study aimed to compare the 6MWT data (6-min walk distance [6MWD; m, %predicted], heart rate [HR; bpm, % of maximal predicted HR]), oxy-hemoglobin saturation (Oxy-sat; %), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively; mmHg) determined at rest (Rest and at the end End of the test) of a group of 22 healthy fasting boys (age: 12 to 15 years) with an age-matched non-fasting group (n = 10). The 6MWTs were performed during three experimental conditions (ECs): Pre-Ramadan, Mid-Ramadan, and Post-Ramadan. The two groups' 6MWT data for each EC were compared, and repeated factorial analysis of variance (2 groups vs. 3 ECs) was performed. Both groups had similar values of 6MWD (m, %predicted), HRRest or HREnd (bpm, % of maximal predicted HR), Oxy-satRest, Oxy-satEnd, SBPRest, and DBPRest during the three ECs. Compared to the non-fasting group, the fasting group had significantly higher SBPEnd (121 ± 10 vs. 130 ± 11) and DBPEnd (72 ± 6 vs. 78 ± 7) determined during the Mid-Ramadan EC. No significant interactive effects of the groups (2) vs. ECs (3) was found for the 6MWD (%predicted; p = .809), HRRest (%, p = .555), HREnd (%, p = .964), Oxy-satRest (p = .336), Oxy-satEnd (p = .389), SBPRest (p = .708), SBPEnd (p = .548), DBPRest (p = .277), and DBPEnd (p = .096). To conclude, in boys, RO does not impact the 6MWD, HR, or Oxy-sat, but it has minimal impact on the SBPEnd and DBPEnd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Miladi
- Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Selma Ben Fraj
- Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Imed Latiri
- Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Sousse, Tunisia,Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Université de Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Sousse, Tunisia,Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia,Helmi Ben Saad, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Rue Mohamed KAROUI, Sousse, Tunisia.
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Joachim MV, Ghantous Y, Zaaroura S, Alkeesh K, Zoabi T, Abu el-Na’aj I. Does fasting during Ramadan increase the risk of the development of sialadenitis? BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:156. [PMID: 32471399 PMCID: PMC7260764 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ramadan is a month within the Islamic lunar calendar when Muslims are required to fast (abstain from food and drink) during the daytime (from sunrise to sunset) for the entire month. Due to the established connection between fasting and dehydration and acute sialadenitis, the aim of this study is to determine if there is a higher frequency of sialadenitis among the Muslim population during Ramadan than during other months of the year. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study using the medical records of 120 Muslim patients admitted to the emergency room (ER) and diagnosed with acute sialadenitis over a 5-year period at the Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, and St. Vincent de Paul (French) Hospital, Nazareth, both located in Israel. The study group were Muslim patients, with the aforementioned diagnosis, admitted during Ramadan, while the control group included patients diagnosed with sialadenitis during the rest of the year. We analyzed overall admission frequency as well as descriptive and diagnostic data, including age, sex, gland involved and several blood test results. RESULTS During the month of Ramadan, the admission of Muslims with a diagnosis of acute sialadenitis was more than double that during the other months of the year - a difference that was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.001). Additionally, we found that Ramadan sialadenitis patients had significantly higher leukocyte numbers at admission (p = 0.0085) and, importantly, a significantly higher level of dehydration (blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio) than non-Ramadan sialadenitis patients (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION There is evidence that fasting in Ramadan may increase the risk for the development of acute sialadenitis. Our results suggest that this may be the result of dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V. Joachim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Yasmine Ghantous
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, MP Lower Galilee, Poriya, 1520800 Israel
| | - Suleiman Zaaroura
- Department of Otolaryngology, St. Vincent de Paul (French) Hospital, POB 50294, Nazareth, 1616102 Israel
| | - Kutaiba Alkeesh
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, MP Lower Galilee, Poriya, 1520800 Israel
| | - Tameem Zoabi
- Department of Otolaryngology, St. Vincent de Paul (French) Hospital, POB 50294, Nazareth, 1616102 Israel
| | - Imad Abu el-Na’aj
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel and Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Daily intermittent fasting in mice enhances morphine-induced antinociception while mitigating reward, tolerance, and constipation. Pain 2020; 161:2353-2363. [PMID: 32427747 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The opioid epidemic has plagued the United States with high levels of abuse and poor quality of life for chronic pain patients requiring continuous use of opioids. New drug discovery efforts have been implemented to mitigate this epidemic; however, new medications are still limited by low efficacy and/or high side effect and abuse potential. Intermittent fasting (IF) has recently been shown to improve a variety of pathological states, including stroke and neuroinflammation. Numerous animal and human studies have shown the benefits of IF in these disease states, but not in pain and opioid treatment. We thus subjected male and female CD-1 mice to 18-hour fasting intervals followed by 6-hour feed periods with standard chow for 1 week. Mice that underwent this diet displayed an enhanced antinociceptive response to morphine both in efficacy and duration using thermal tail-flick and postoperative paw incision pain models. While showing enhanced antinociception, IF mice also demonstrated no morphine reward and reduced tolerance and constipation. Seeking a mechanism for these improvements, we found that the mu-opioid receptor showed enhanced efficacy and reduced tolerance in the spinal cord and periaqueductal gray, respectively, from IF mice using a S-GTPγS coupling assay. These improvements in receptor function were not due to changes in mu-opioid receptor protein expression. These data suggest that a daily IF diet may improve the therapeutic index of acute and chronic opioid therapies for pain patients in the clinic, providing a novel tool to improve patient therapy and reduce potential abuse.
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Zouhal H, Saeidi A, Salhi A, Li H, Essop MF, Laher I, Rhibi F, Amani-Shalamzari S, Ben Abderrahman A. Exercise Training and Fasting: Current Insights. Open Access J Sports Med 2020; 11:1-28. [PMID: 32021500 PMCID: PMC6983467 DOI: 10.2147/oajsm.s224919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasting is defined as the abstinence from consuming food and/or beverages for different periods of time. Both traditional and modern healthcare systems recommend fasting as a therapeutic intervention for the management of several chronic, non-infectious diseases. Exercising during a fasting state increases lipolysis in adipose tissue while also stimulating peripheral fat oxidation, resulting in increased fat utilization and weight loss. A key focus of this review is to assess whether endurance training performed while fasting induces specific training adaptations, where increased fat oxidation improves long-term endurance levels. Fasting decreases body weight, lean body and fat content in both trained and untrained individuals. Several studies indicate a broader impact of fasting on metabolism, with effects on protein and glucose metabolism in sedentary and untrained subjects. However, there are conflicting data regarding the effects of fasting on glucose metabolism in highly trained athletes. The effects of fasting on physical performance indicators also remain unclear, with some reporting a decreased performance, while others found no significant effects. Differences in experimental design, severity of calorie restriction, duration, and participant characteristics could, at least in part, explain such discordant findings. Our review of the literature suggests that there is little evidence to support the notion of endurance training and fasting-mediated increases in fat oxidation, and we recommend that endurance athletes should avoid high intensity training while fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Zouhal
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), University of Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amal Salhi
- Department of Medicine Physical and Functional Rehabilitation of the National Institute of Orthopedics "M.T. Kassab", Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Faadiel Essop
- Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Fatma Rhibi
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), University of Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Sadegh Amani-Shalamzari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Smith PJ. Pathways of Prevention: A Scoping Review of Dietary and Exercise Interventions for Neurocognition. Brain Plast 2019; 5:3-38. [PMID: 31970058 PMCID: PMC6971820 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-190083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) represent an increasingly urgent public health concern, with an increasing number of baby boomers now at risk. Due to a lack of efficacious therapies among symptomatic older adults, an increasing emphasis has been placed on preventive measures that can curb or even prevent ADRD development among middle-aged adults. Lifestyle modification using aerobic exercise and dietary modification represents one of the primary treatment modalities used to mitigate ADRD risk, with an increasing number of trials demonstrating that exercise and dietary change, individually and together, improve neurocognitive performance among middle-aged and older adults. Despite several optimistic findings, examination of treatment changes across lifestyle interventions reveals a variable pattern of improvements, with large individual differences across trials. The present review attempts to synthesize available literature linking lifestyle modification to neurocognitive changes, outline putative mechanisms of treatment improvement, and discuss discrepant trial findings. In addition, previous mechanistic assumptions linking lifestyle to neurocognition are discussed, with a focus on potential solutions to improve our understanding of individual neurocognitive differences in response to lifestyle modification. Specific recommendations include integration of contemporary causal inference approaches for analyzing parallel mechanistic pathways and treatment-exposure interactions. Methodological recommendations include trial multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) design approaches that leverage individual differences for improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Primary), Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine (Secondary), Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences (Secondary), Duke University, NC, USA
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Torre-Villalvazo I, Alemán-Escondrillas G, Valle-Ríos R, Noriega LG. Protein intake and amino acid supplementation regulate exercise recovery and performance through the modulation of mTOR, AMPK, FGF21, and immunity. Nutr Res 2019; 72:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Oswald G, Francis J, Dhakal S. Behavioral and Physiological Interventions for Anxiety and Depression: An Overview of Nontraditional Methods. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2019.1626314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Glud M, Christiansen T, Larsen LH, Richelsen B, Bruun JM. Changes in Circulating BDNF in relation to Sex, Diet, and Exercise: A 12-Week Randomized Controlled Study in Overweight and Obese Participants. J Obes 2019; 2019:4537274. [PMID: 31781387 PMCID: PMC6875316 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4537274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating BDNF is higher in women than in men and suggested to be affected by changes in food intake, body weight, and exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare BDNF concentrations in women and men during a 12-week weight loss intervention. Using a previously published 12-week randomized study, serum BDNF was assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Fifty overweight or obese but healthy individuals (26 women, mean age of 36.4 ± 7.9 years; 24 men, mean age of 38.0 ± 5.9 years) were included and allocated into three groups: exercise-only (EXO; 12 weeks of aerobic exercise and isocaloric diet), diet-only (DIO; 8 weeks of very low energy diet (VLED 600 kcal/day) followed by a 4-week weight maintenance diet), or diet and exercise (DEX; 12 weeks of aerobic exercise in parallel with 8 weeks of VLED (800 kcal/day) followed by a 4-week weight maintenance diet). At baseline, BDNF levels were 25% higher in women compared to men (p=0.006). Body weight was reduced in all intervention groups (p < 0.006). Exercise (EXO group) induced a 22% reduction in circulating BDNF in men (p=0.037) and women (p=0.080). In the DIO and DEX groups, a significant reduction in BDNF levels (29.9%; p=0.035 and 32.5%; p=0.003, respectively) was observed in women but not in men. In conclusion, circulating BDNF was significantly changed by diet alone or combined with exercise in women and only by exercise alone in men. This suggests that changes in circulating BDNF depend on weight loss methods (diet/exercise) as well as sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Glud
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - T. Christiansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine (MEA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L. H. Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - B. Richelsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine (MEA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J. M. Bruun
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine (MEA), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Medical Department M, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
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McAdam J, McGinnis K, Ory R, Young K, Frugé AD, Roberts M, Sefton J. Estimation of energy balance and training volume during Army Initial Entry Training. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:55. [PMID: 30486851 PMCID: PMC6264031 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate dietary intake is important for promoting adaptation and prevention of musculoskeletal injury in response to large volumes of physical training such as Army Initial Entry Training (IET). The purpose of this study was to evaluate training volume and dietary intake and estimate energy balance in Army IET soldiers. METHODS Dietary intake was assessed by collecting diet logs for three meals on each of three, non-consecutive days during the first week of IET. Training volume was measured across 13 weeks of training using Actigraph wGT3X accelerometers. Training intensity was classified using Sasaki vector magnitude three cut points. Energy expenditure estimates were calculated during weeks two and three of training using the modified Harris-Benedict equation and by estimation of active energy expenditure using metabolic equivalents for each classification of physical activity. All data is presented as mean ± standard deviation. RESULTS A total of 111 male soldiers (ht. = ± 173 ± 5.8 cm, age = 19 ± 2 years, mass = 71.6. ± 12.4 kg) completed diet logs and were monitored with Actigraphs. IET soldiers performed on average 273 ± 62 min low, 107 ± 42 min moderate, 26 ± 22 min vigorous, and 10 ± 21 min of very vigorous intensity physical activity daily across 13 weeks. The estimated total daily energy expenditure was on average 3238 ± 457 kcals/d during weeks two and three of IET. Compared to week one caloric intake, there was a caloric deficit of 595 ± 896 kcals/d on average during weeks two and three of IET. Regression analysis showed that body weight was a significant predictor for negative energy balance (adj. R2 = 0.54, p < 0.001), whereby a 1 kg increase in body mass was associated with a 53 kcal energy deficit. CONCLUSIONS Based on week one dietary assessment, IET soldiers did not consume adequate calories and nutrients to meet training needs during red phase (weeks one through three). This may directly affect soldier performance and injury frequency. IET soldiers undergo rigorous training, and these data may help direct future guidelines for adequate nourishment to optimize soldier health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy McAdam
- Warrior Research Center, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kaitlin McGinnis
- Warrior Research Center, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Rian Ory
- Warrior Research Center, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kaelin Young
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (Auburn Campus), Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Andrew D Frugé
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, College of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Michael Roberts
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (Auburn Campus), Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - JoEllen Sefton
- Warrior Research Center, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Delahaye LB, Bloomer RJ, Butawan MB, Wyman JM, Hill JL, Lee HW, Liu AC, McAllan L, Han JC, van der Merwe M. Time-restricted feeding of a high-fat diet in male C57BL/6 mice reduces adiposity but does not protect against increased systemic inflammation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:1033-1042. [PMID: 29717885 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) limits the duration of food availability without altering diet composition and can combat obesity in humans and mice. For this study we evaluated the effect of timing of food access during a TRF protocol on weight gain, adiposity, and inflammation. Young male C57BL/6 mice were placed on a high-fat (HF) diet (45% fat) for 8 weeks. Food access was unrestricted (HF) or restricted to 6 h per day, either for the first half (HF-early) or the second half (HF-late) of the active phase to resemble a window of time for food consumption early or late in the day in a human population. Weight, obesity-associated parameters, and inflammation were measured. TRF reduced weight gain over the 8-week period in mice consuming the same high-fat diet. Consistent with decreased weight gain in the TRF groups, body fat percentage, liver triglycerides, and plasma leptin and cholesterol levels were reduced. Adipose tissue inflammation, measured by CD11b+F4/80+ macrophage infiltration, was reduced in both TRF groups, but systemic tumor necrosis factor-α was increased in all groups consuming the high-fat diet. The HF-late group gained more weight than the HF-early group and had increased insulin resistance, while the HF-early group was protected. Therefore, a TRF protocol is beneficial for weight management when a high-fat diet is consumed, with food consumption earlier in the day showing greater health benefits. However, increased inflammatory markers in the TRF groups suggest that diet components can still increase inflammation even in the absence of overt obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Delahaye
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Richard J Bloomer
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Matthew B Butawan
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Wyman
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Jessica L Hill
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Harold W Lee
- a School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Andrew C Liu
- b Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Liam McAllan
- c Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Joan C Han
- c Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- d Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- e Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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Repeated-sprints exercise in daylight fasting: carbohydrate mouth rinsing does not affect sprint and reaction time performance. Biol Sport 2018; 35:237-244. [PMID: 30449941 PMCID: PMC6224849 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.77824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing (CHO-MR) on physical and cognitive performance during repeated-sprints (RS) after 3 days of intermittent fasting (abstaining from food and fluid 14 h per day). In a randomized and counter-balanced manner 15 active healthy males in a fasted state performed a RS-protocol [RSP; 2 sets (SET1 and SET2) of 5×5 s maximal sprints, with each sprint interspersed with 25 s rest and 3 min of recovery between SET1 and SET2] on an instrumented non-motorized treadmill with embedded force sensors under three conditions: i) Control (CON; no-MR), ii) Placebo-MR (PLA-MR; 0% maltodextrin) and iii) CHO-MR (10% maltodextrin). Participants rinsed their mouth with either 10 mL of PLA-MR or CHO-MR solution for 5 s before each sprint. Sprint kinetics were measured for each sprint and reaction time (RTI) tasks (simple and complex) were assessed pre-, during- and post-RSP. There was no statistical main effect of CHO-MR on mean power, mean speed, and vertical stiffness during the sprints between the PLA-MR and CON condition. Additionally, no statistical main effect for CHO-MR on accuracy, movement time and reaction time during the RTI tasks was seen. CHO-MR did not affect physical (RSP) or cognitive (RTI) performance in participants who had observed 3 days of intermittent fasting (abstaining from food and fluid 14 h per day).
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Manchishi SM, Cui RJ, Zou XH, Cheng ZQ, Li BJ. Effect of caloric restriction on depression. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2528-2535. [PMID: 29465826 PMCID: PMC5908110 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, most of evidence shows that caloric restriction could induce antidepressant‐like effects in animal model of depression. Based on studies of the brain–gut axis, some signal pathways were common between the control of caloric restriction and depression. However, the specific mechanism of the antidepressant‐like effects induced by caloric restriction remains unclear. Therefore, in this article, we summarized clinical and experimental studies of caloric restriction on depression. This review may provide a new therapeutic strategy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Malunga Manchishi
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Physiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ran Ji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Han Zou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zi Qian Cheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bing Jin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Onyango IG. Modulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics as a therapeutic strategy in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:19-25. [PMID: 29451200 PMCID: PMC5840984 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.224362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an increasingly pressing worldwide public-health, social, political and economic concern. Despite significant investment in multiple traditional therapeutic strategies that have achieved success in preclinical models addressing the pathological hallmarks of the disease, these efforts have not translated into any effective disease-modifying therapies. This could be because interventions are being tested too late in the disease process. While existing therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, they do not fully address the molecular abnormalities that occur in AD neurons. The pathophysiology of AD is complex; mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits and brain hypometabolism coupled with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress are antecedent and potentially play a causal role in the disease pathogenesis. Dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate from the combination of impaired mitophagy, which can also induce injurious inflammatory responses, and inadequate neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis. Altering the metabolic capacity of the brain by modulating/potentiating its mitochondrial bioenergetics may be a strategy for disease prevention and treatment. We present insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD brain as well as an overview of emerging treatments with the potential to prevent, delay or reverse the neurodegenerative process by targeting mitochondria.
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Brands M, Hockey P, Sced A, Brennan P. Fasting and surgical performance: potential source of harm? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:755-756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hristova MG. Genotrophic effect of neurotrophins - Restart of β-cell regeneration in diabetes mellitus. Med Hypotheses 2017; 107:9-11. [PMID: 28915971 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an epidemic worldwide and a proved risk factor for cardiovascular complications. In 89% of the cases, it deals, in fact, with metabolic syndrome of multifactorial etiopathogenesis. This paradigm has been generalized by the neurotrophic theory emphasizing the role of hyponeurotrophinemia of key factor. Both type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome are characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell damage. Cyclic keeping the fast enhances plasma neurotrophin levels. Fasting induces prenatal-development gene expression in adult pancreas and promotes neurogenin (Ngn)-3 gene expression to generate insulin producing β-cells. Probably, the increased plasma and tissue levels of the nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor after fasting reprogramme Ngn-3 gene expression as this genotrophic action enhances Ngn-3 protein synthesis. This results in regeneration of damaged pancreatic β-cells and restores insulin secretion in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Towers AE, Oelschlager ML, Patel J, Gainey SJ, McCusker RH, Freund GG. Acute fasting inhibits central caspase-1 activity reducing anxiety-like behavior and increasing novel object and object location recognition. Metabolism 2017; 71:70-82. [PMID: 28521881 PMCID: PMC5439304 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS) is frequently comorbid with anxiety. Importantly, the pro-inflammatory cytokine most commonly associated with anxiety is IL-1β. The bioavailability and activity of IL-1β are regulated by caspase-1-dependent proteolysis vis-a-vis the inflammasome. Thus, interventions regulating the activation or activity of caspase-1 should reduce anxiety especially in states that foster IL-1β maturation. METHODS Male C57BL/6j, C57BL/6j mice treated with the capase-1 inhibitor biotin-YVAD-cmk, caspase-1 knockout (KO) mice and IL-1R1 KO mice were fasted for 24h or allowed ad libitum access to food. Immediately after fasting, caspase-1 activity was measured in brain region homogenates while activated caspase-1 was localized in the brain by immunohistochemistry. Mouse anxiety-like behavior and cognition were tested using the elevated zero maze and novel object/object location tasks, respectively. RESULTS A 24h fast in mice reduced the activity of caspase-1 in whole brain and in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus by 35%, 25%, 40%, 40%, and 40% respectively. A 24h fast also reduced anxiety-like behavior by 40% and increased novel object and object location recognition by 21% and 31%, respectively. IL-1β protein, however, was not reduced in the brain by fasting. ICV administration of YVAD decreased caspase-1 activity in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala by 55%, respectively leading to a 64% reduction in anxiety like behavior. Importantly, when caspase-1 KO or IL1-R1 KO mice are fasted, no fasting-dependent reduction in anxiety-like behavior was observed. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that fasting decrease anxiety-like behavior and improves memory by a mechanism tied to reducing caspase-1 activity throughout the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert E Towers
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Jay Patel
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen J Gainey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Robert H McCusker
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gregory G Freund
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Program in Integrative Immunology and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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