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Barranco-Gil D, Alejo LB, Revuelta C, Górriz M, Pagola I, Ozcoidi LM, Lucia A, Valenzuela PL. High-dose short-term creatine supplementation without beneficial effects in professional cyclists: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2340574. [PMID: 38606895 PMCID: PMC11018046 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2340574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports the ergogenic effects of creatine supplementation on muscle power/strength, but its effects on endurance performance remain unclear. We assessed the effects of high-dose short-term creatine supplementation in professional cyclists during a training camp. METHODS The study followed a double-blind, randomized parallel design. Twenty-three professional U23 cyclists (19 ± 1 years, maximum oxygen uptake: 73.0 ± 4.6 mL/kg/min) participated in a 6-day training camp. Participants were randomized to consume daily either a recovery drink (containing carbohydrates and protein) with a 20-g creatine supplement (creatine group, n = 11) or just the recovery drink (placebo group, n = 12). Training loads and dietary intake were monitored, and indicators of fatigue/recovery (Hooper index, countermovement jump height), body composition, and performance (10-second sprint, 3-, 6-, and 12-minute time trials, respectively, as well as critical power and W') were assessed as study outcomes. RESULTS The training camp resulted in a significant (p < 0.001) increase of training loads (+50% for total training time and + 61% for training stress score, compared with the preceding month) that in turn induced an increase in fatigue indicators (significant time effect [p < 0.001] for delayed-onset muscle soreness, fatigue, and total Hooper index) and a decrease in performance (significant time effect [p = 0.020] for critical power, which decreased by -3.8%). However, no significant group-by-time interaction effect was found for any of the study outcomes (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS High-dose short-term creatine supplementation seems to exert no consistent beneficial effects on recovery, body composition or performance indicators during a strenuous training period in professional cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidia B. Alejo
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PAHERG), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Revuelta
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Itziar Pagola
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Lucia
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PAHERG), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PAHERG), Madrid, Spain
- University of Alcalá, Department of Systems Biology, Madrid, Spain
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Warrier AA, Azua EN, Kasson LB, Allahabadi S, Khan ZA, Mameri ES, Swindell HW, Tokish JM, Chahla J. Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Healthy Athletes: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Sports Health 2024; 16:695-705. [PMID: 37688400 PMCID: PMC11346223 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231197389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Many clinicians, trainers, and athletes do not have a true understanding of the effects of commonly used performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) on performance and health. OBJECTIVE To provide an evidence-based review of 7 commonly used pharmacological interventions for performance enhancement in athletes. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Scopus databases were searched on April 8, 2022. STUDY SELECTION Systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) assessing the performance-enhancing effects of the following interventions were included: androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS), growth hormone (GH), selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), creatine, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors, recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO), and cannabis. STUDY DESIGN Umbrella review of SRs and MAs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. DATA EXTRACTION Primary outcomes collected were (1) body mass, (2) muscle strength, (3) performance, and (4) recovery. Adverse effects were also noted. RESULTS A total of 27 papers evaluating 5 pharmacological interventions met inclusion criteria. No studies evaluating SARMs or ACE-inhibitors were included. AAS lead to a 5% to 52% increase in strength and a 0.62 standard mean difference in lean body mass with subsequent lipid derangements. GH alters body composition, without providing a strength or performance benefit, but potential risks include soft tissue edema, fatigue, arthralgias, and carpel tunnel syndrome. Creatine use during resistance training can safely increase total and lean body mass, strength, and performance in high-intensity, short-duration, repetitive tasks. Limited evidence supports rHuEPO benefit on performance despite increases in both VO2max and maximal power output, and severe cardiovascular risks are documented. Cannabis provides no performance benefit and may even impair athletic performance. CONCLUSION In young healthy persons and athletes, creatine can safely provide a performance-enhancing benefit when taken in controlled doses. AAS, GH, and rHuEPO are associated with severe adverse events and do not support a performance benefit, despite showing the ability to change bodily composition, strength, and/or physiologic measures. Cannabis may have an ergolytic, instead of ergogenic, effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec A. Warrier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eric N. Azua
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Luke B. Kasson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sachin Allahabadi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zeeshan A. Khan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Enzo S. Mameri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hasani W. Swindell
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Jorge Chahla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Lian K, Hammarström D, Hamarsland H, Mølmen KS, Moen SC, Ellefsen S. Glucose ingestion before and after resistance training sessions does not augment ribosome biogenesis in healthy moderately trained young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:2329-2342. [PMID: 38459192 PMCID: PMC11322406 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resistance training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy seems to depend on ribosome biogenesis and content. High glucose treatment may augment ribosome biogenesis through potentiating resistance training-induced adaptations. This was investigated with total RNA and ribosomal RNA abundances as main outcomes, with relevant transcriptional/translational regulators (c-Myc/UBF/rpS6) as a secondary outcome. METHODS Sixteen healthy, moderately trained individuals [male/female, n = 9/7; age, 24.1 (3.3)] participated in a within-participant crossover trial with unilateral resistance training (leg press and knee extension, 3 sets of 10 repetitions maximum) and pre- and post-exercise ingestion of either glucose (3 × 30 g, 90 g total) or placebo supplements (Stevia rebaudiana, 3 × 0.3 g, 0.9 g total), together with protein (2 × 25 g, 50 g total), on alternating days for 12 days. Six morning resistance exercise sessions were conducted per condition, and the sessions were performed in an otherwise fasted state. Micro-biopsies were sampled from m. vastus lateralis before and after the intervention. RESULTS Glucose ingestion did not have beneficial effects on resistance training-induced increases of ribosomal content (mean difference 7.6% [- 7.2, 24.9], p = 0.34; ribosomal RNA, 47S/18S/28S/5.8S/5S, range 7.6-37.9%, p = 0.40-0.98) or levels of relevant transcriptional or translational regulators (c-MYK/UBF/rpS6, p = 0.094-0.292). Of note, both baseline and trained state data of total RNA showed a linear relationship with UBF; a ∼14% increase in total RNA corresponded to 1 SD unit increase in UBF (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Glucose ingestion before and after resistance training sessions did not augment ribosomal RNA accumulation during twelve days of heavy-load resistance training in moderately trained young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Lian
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway.
| | - Daniel Hammarström
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Håvard Hamarsland
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Knut Sindre Mølmen
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Sara Christine Moen
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Stian Ellefsen
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
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Goldman DM, Warbeck CB, Karlsen MC. Protein and Leucine Requirements for Maximal Muscular Development and Athletic Performance Are Achieved with Completely Plant-Based Diets Modeled to Meet Energy Needs in Adult Male Rugby Players. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:186. [PMID: 39058077 PMCID: PMC11281145 DOI: 10.3390/sports12070186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rugby athletes consume large amounts of animal protein in accordance with conventional dietary guidance to increase muscle mass and strength. This misaligns with national dietary guidelines, which suggest limiting meat consumption for chronic disease prevention. The ability of completely plant-based diets to satisfy the nutritional needs of rugby players has not been explored. This study scaled nutrient data from a large population consuming completely plant-based diets with limited supplemental protein to meet the calorie requirements of adult male rugby athletes to assess whether protein and leucine recommendations for muscular development and athletic performance would be achieved. Calorie requirements were estimated from research that employed the doubly labeled water method, and dietary data from the Adventist Health Study-2 were scaled to this level. The modeled protein level was 1.68 g/kg/day, which meets recommendations for maximal gains in muscle mass, strength, and athletic performance. The modeled leucine level was 2.9 g/meal for four daily meals, which exceeds the threshold proposed to maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis in young men. These results indicate that consuming large portions of completely plant-based meals can satisfy protein and leucine requirements for maximal muscular development and athletic performance in adult male rugby athletes while aligning with public health recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Goldman
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Research and Development, Metabite Inc., New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Cassandra B. Warbeck
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Micaela C. Karlsen
- Department of Research, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA;
- Departments of Applied Nutrition and Global Public Health, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
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Goldman DM, Warbeck CB, Karlsen MC. Protein Requirements for Maximal Muscle Mass and Athletic Performance Are Achieved with Completely Plant-Based Diets Scaled to Meet Energy Needs: A Modeling Study in Professional American Football Players. Nutrients 2024; 16:1903. [PMID: 38931258 PMCID: PMC11206900 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
American football players consume large quantities of animal-sourced protein in adherence with traditional recommendations to maximize muscle development and athletic performance. This contrasts with dietary guidelines, which recommend reducing meat intake and increasing consumption of plant-based foods to promote health and reduce the risk of chronic disease. The capacity of completely plant-based diets to meet the nutritional needs of American football players has not been studied. This modeling study scaled dietary data from a large cohort following completely plant-based diets to meet the energy requirements of professional American football players to determine whether protein, leucine, and micronutrient needs for physical performance and health were met. The Cunningham equation was used to estimate calorie requirements. Nutrient intakes from the Adventist Health Study 2 were then scaled to this calorie level. Protein values ranged from 1.6-2.2 g/kg/day and leucine values ranged from 3.8-4.1 g/meal at each of four daily meals, therefore meeting and exceeding levels theorized to maximize muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle protein synthesis, respectively. Plant-based diets scaled to meet the energy needs of professional American football players satisfied protein, leucine, and micronutrient requirements for muscle development and athletic performance. These findings suggest that completely plant-based diets could bridge the gap between dietary recommendations for chronic disease prevention and athletic performance in American football players.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Goldman
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Research and Development, Metabite Inc., New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Cassandra B. Warbeck
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Micaela C. Karlsen
- Department of Research, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA;
- Departments of Applied Nutrition and Global Public Health, Adjunct Faculty, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
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King A, Kwan K, Jukic I, Zinn C, Helms E. Fueling for and recovering from resistance training: The periworkout nutrition practices of competitive powerlifters. Nutrition 2024; 122:112389. [PMID: 38428220 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nutrient timing is a concept that emphasizes the intentional ingestion of whole or fortified foods, and dietary supplements, to adequately fuel for, and recover from, acute and chronic exercise. The nutrition strategies used by powerlifters around training sessions have not, to our knowledge, been previously investigated. This study explored the self-reported periworkout (before, during, and after) nutrition practices of competitive powerlifters, including what, why, and information source that informed practice, with comparison to current sport nutrition guidelines. METHODS Actively competing male (n = 240) and female (n = 65) powerlifters completed a cross-sectional online survey of self-reported periworkout nutrition practices in the pre-, intra-, and postexercise periods, fasted training, and supplementation. Data are presented as the number (n) and percentage (%) of all powerlifters practicing a given strategy followed by a % of responses reporting various practices or beliefs within this strategy. Categorical subgroups (sex, age, and weight class; and competitive caliber) were analyzed with a chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and denoted where significant (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS Most powerlifters reported paying specific attention to nutrition practices in the pre-exercise period (n = 261; 85.6%) by ingesting more carbohydrate (CHO) rich foods (n = 234; 89.6%) for the purpose of assisting in training performance (n = 222; 85.1%). Most powerlifters reported intraexercise nutrition strategies (n = 211; 69.2%), of which most included ingesting more CHO rich foods (n = 159; 74.5%) for the purpose of feeling less hungry and/or boosting energy levels during training (n = 129; 61.1%). Most powerlifters reported paying attention to postexercise nutrition (n = 244; 80%), by ingesting more protein rich foods (n = 182; 74.6%) for the purpose of recovering better for the whole day (n = 152; 62.3%) and enhancing the benefits of training (n = 149; 61.1%). Most powerlifters did not complete training sessions in the fasted state (n = 262; 85.9%). Most powerlifters reported paying attention to supplementation before training (n = 237; 77.7%), of which preworkout formulas (n = 137; 57.8%), energy drinks (n = 101; 42.6%), creatine (n = 88; 37.1%), and caffeine pills (n = 70; 29.5%) were most reported. Supplementation was used to assist in training performance (n = 197; 83.1%) and increase wakefulness/alertness (n = 183; 77.2%). Males reported more often than females that they informed multiple elements of their nutrition practices with the information they read or watched somewhere (P = 0.002-0.012). CONCLUSION The periworkout nutrition practices used by competitive powerlifters followed current sport nutrition guidelines, by using CHO sources to fuel for training and ensuring the provision of protein postexercise. Competitive powerlifters may wish to exert caution with supplementation, as there is a risk of harm or inadvertent doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew King
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Kedric Kwan
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ivan Jukic
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caryn Zinn
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eric Helms
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
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Furtado ETF, Oliveira JPLDE, Pereira ISB, Veiga EP, Silva SFDA, Abreu WCDE. Short term creatine loading improves strength endurance even without changing maximal strength, RPE, fatigue index, blood lactate, and mode state. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230559. [PMID: 38747788 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Creatine is consumed by athletes to increase strength and gain muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of creatine supplementation on maximal strength and strength endurance. Twelve strength-trained men (25.2 ± 3.4 years) supplemented with 20 g Creatina + 10g maltodextrin or placebo (20g starch + 10g maltodextrin) for five days in randomized order. Maximal strength and strength endurance (4 sets 70% 1RM until concentric failure) were determined in the bench press. In addition, blood lactate, rate of perceived effort, fatigue index, and mood state were evaluated. All measurements were performed before and after the supplementation period. There were no significant changing in maximal strength, blood lactate, RPE, fatigue index, and mood state in either treatment. However, the creatine group performed more repetitions after the supplementation (Cr: Δ = +3.4 reps, p = 0.036, g = 0.53; PLA: Δ = +0.3reps, p = 0.414, g = 0.06), and higher total work (Cr: Δ = +199.5au, p = 0.038, g = 0.52; PLA: Δ = +26.7au, p = 0.402, g = 0.07). Creatine loading for five days allowed the subjects to perform more repetitions, resulting in greater total work, but failed to change the maximum strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilson Tadeu F Furtado
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, 37203-202 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - João Paulo L DE Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, 37203-202 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabela S B Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, 37203-202 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Elayne P Veiga
- Faculdade Presbiteriana Gammon, Educação Física, Praça Dr. Augusto Silva, 616, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Sandro F DA Silva
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, 37203-202 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Wilson César DE Abreu
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, s/n, 37203-202 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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8
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Goldman DM, Warbeck CB, Karlsen MC. Completely Plant-Based Diets That Meet Energy Requirements for Resistance Training Can Supply Enough Protein and Leucine to Maximize Hypertrophy and Strength in Male Bodybuilders: A Modeling Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1122. [PMID: 38674813 PMCID: PMC11054926 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing awareness of plant-based diets for health and athletic performance, athletes are cautioned that careful dietary monitoring is necessary. Whether commonly consumed plant-based diets are nutritionally adequate for maximal muscular hypertrophy remains unknown. This modeling study assessed the nutrient composition of completely plant-based diets scaled to the caloric demands of maximal muscle mass and strength development in adult male bodybuilders. To model calorie requirements, anthropometric data from bodybuilders were input into the Tinsley resting metabolic rate prediction equation, and an appropriate physical activity factor and calorie surplus were applied. Dietary data from a large cohort following completely plant-based diets were then scaled to meet these needs. Modeled intakes for nutrients of interest were calculated as 1.8 g/kg/day of protein and 2.75 g/meal of leucine, which surpass mean requirements for maximal increases in muscle mass and strength and muscle protein synthesis, respectively. Daily levels for all micronutrients, except vitamin D, also exceeded requirements. Saturated fat levels were aligned with dietary guidelines, although sodium levels exceeded recommended limits. Consumption of larger portions of commonplace plant-based diets, scaled to meet the energy demands of maximal accrual of muscle mass and strength, satisfied protein and leucine requirements without the need for additional planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Goldman
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Research and Development, Metabite Inc., New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Cassandra B. Warbeck
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Micaela C. Karlsen
- Department of Research, American College of Lifestyle Medicine, Chesterfield, MO 63006, USA;
- Departments of Applied Nutrition and Global Public Health, Adjunct Faculty, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA
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Amawi A, AlKasasbeh W, Jaradat M, Almasri A, Alobaidi S, Hammad AA, Bishtawi T, Fataftah B, Turk N, Saoud HA, Jarrar A, Ghazzawi H. Athletes' nutritional demands: a narrative review of nutritional requirements. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1331854. [PMID: 38328685 PMCID: PMC10848936 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1331854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition serves as the cornerstone of an athlete's life, exerting a profound impact on their performance and overall well-being. To unlock their full potential, athletes must adhere to a well-balanced diet tailored to their specific nutritional needs. This approach not only enables them to achieve optimal performance levels but also facilitates efficient recovery and reduces the risk of injuries. In addition to maintaining a balanced diet, many athletes also embrace the use of nutritional supplements to complement their dietary intake and support their training goals. These supplements cover a wide range of options, addressing nutrient deficiencies, enhancing recovery, promoting muscle synthesis, boosting energy levels, and optimizing performance in their respective sports or activities. The primary objective of this narrative review is to comprehensively explore the diverse nutritional requirements that athletes face to optimize their performance, recovery, and overall well-being. Through a thorough literature search across databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, we aim to provide evidence-based recommendations and shed light on the optimal daily intakes of carbohydrates, protein, fats, micronutrients, hydration strategies, ergogenic aids, nutritional supplements, and nutrient timing. Furthermore, our aim is to dispel common misconceptions regarding sports nutrition, providing athletes with accurate information and empowering them in their nutritional choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Amawi
- Department of Exercise Science and Kinesiology, School of Sport Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Walaa AlKasasbeh
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Manar Jaradat
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amani Almasri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sondos Alobaidi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aya Abu Hammad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Taqwa Bishtawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Batoul Fataftah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nataly Turk
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hassan Al Saoud
- Department of Exercise Science and Kinesiology, School of Sport Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amjad Jarrar
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Oxford Brookes Center for Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hadeel Ghazzawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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10
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Okoren L, Magkos F. Physiological Characteristics, Dietary Intake, and Supplement Use in Sport Climbing. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:788-796. [PMID: 38112939 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As sport climbing has become an Olympic sport and keeps gaining in popularity, there is growing interest in the role of diet and the effect of dietary supplements on climbing performance. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into the dietary intake of climbers and discuss ergogenic aids that could improve their performance. RECENT FINDINGS Limited information is available regarding the dietary intake and eating habits of climbers, and the studies conducted are few and far between. The diet of climbers is apparently suboptimal, with inadequate energy intakes often owning to insufficient carbohydrate consumption. Likewise, supplement use and ergogenic aids for climbing performance are largely unexplored. Several ergogenic aids have been suggested to improve climbing performance; however, only two have been examined directly on climbing-specific outcomes. The dietary intake, eating behaviors, and supplement use in sport climbers are not well studied, and available information is most likely outdated. Considerably, more work is needed to determine which ergogenic aids can be beneficial for climbing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Okoren
- Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Burke R, Piñero A, Coleman M, Mohan A, Sapuppo M, Augustin F, Aragon AA, Candow DG, Forbes SC, Swinton P, Schoenfeld BJ. The Effects of Creatine Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Regional Measures of Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:2116. [PMID: 37432300 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to carry out a systematic review with a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that examined the combined effects of resistance training (RT) and creatine supplementation on regional changes in muscle mass, with direct imaging measures of hypertrophy. Moreover, we performed regression analyses to determine the potential influence of covariates. We included trials that had a duration of at least 6 weeks and examined the combined effects of creatine supplementation and RT on site-specific direct measures of hypertrophy (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), or ultrasound) in healthy adults. A total of 44 outcomes were analyzed across 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria. A univariate analysis of all the standardized outcomes showed a pooled mean estimate of 0.11 (95% Credible Interval (CrI): -0.02 to 0.25), providing evidence for a very small effect favoring creatine supplementation when combined with RT compared to RT and a placebo. Multivariate analyses found similar small benefits for the combination of creatine supplementation and RT on changes in the upper and lower body muscle thickness (0.10-0.16 cm). Analyses of the moderating effects indicated a small superior benefit for creatine supplementation in younger compared to older adults (0.17 (95%CrI: -0.09 to 0.45)). In conclusion, the results suggest that creatine supplementation combined with RT promotes a small increase in the direct measures of skeletal muscle hypertrophy in both the upper and lower body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Burke
- Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Alec Piñero
- Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Max Coleman
- Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Adam Mohan
- Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Max Sapuppo
- Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Francesca Augustin
- Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Alan A Aragon
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, USA
| | - Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada
| | - Paul Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7AQ, UK
| | - Brad J Schoenfeld
- Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
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de Souza JT, Minicucci MF, Ferreira NC, Polegato BF, Okoshi MP, Modolo GP, Phillips BE, Atherton PJ, Smith K, Wilkinson D, Gordon A, Tanni SE, Costa VE, Fernandes MFP, Bazan SGZ, Zornoff LAM, Bazan R, de Paiva SAR, Azevedo PS. Influence of CReatine supplementation on mUScle mass and strength after stroke (ICaRUS Stroke Trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:214. [PMID: 36949443 PMCID: PMC10035196 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability, and its sequelae are associated with inadequate food intake which can lead to sarcopenia. The aim of this study is to verify the effectiveness of creatine supplementation on functional capacity, strength, and changes in muscle mass during hospitalization for stroke compared to usual care. An exploratory subanalysis will be performed to assess the inflammatory profiles of all participants, in addition to a follow-up 90 days after stroke, to verify functional capacity, muscle strength, mortality, and quality of life. METHODS Randomized, double-blind, unicenter, parallel-group trial including individuals with ischemic stroke in the acute phase. The duration of the trial for the individual subject will be approximately 90 days, and each subject will attend a maximum of three visits. Clinical, biochemical, anthropometric, body composition, muscle strength, functional capacity, degree of dependence, and quality of life assessments will be performed. Thirty participants will be divided into two groups: intervention (patients will intake one sachet containing 10g of creatine twice a day) and control (patients will intake one sachet containing 10g of placebo [maltodextrin] twice a day). Both groups will receive supplementation with powdered milk protein serum isolate to achieve the goal of 1.5g of protein/kg of body weight/day and daily physiotherapy according to the current rehabilitation guidelines for patients with stroke. Supplementation will be offered during the 7-day hospitalization. The primary outcomes will be functional capacity, strength, and changes in muscle mass after the intervention as assessed by the Modified Rankin Scale, Timed Up and Go test, handgrip strength, 30-s chair stand test, muscle ultrasonography, electrical bioimpedance, and identification of muscle degradation markers by D3-methylhistidine. Follow-up will be performed 90 days after stroke to verify functional capacity, muscle strength, mortality, and quality of life. DISCUSSION The older population has specific nutrient needs, especially for muscle mass and function maintenance. Considering that stroke is a potentially disabling event that can lead the affected individual to present with numerous sequelae, it is crucial to study the mechanisms of muscle mass loss and understand how adequate supplementation can help these patients to better recover. TRIAL REGISTRATION The Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC) RBR-9q7gg4 . Registered on 21 January 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Thomaz de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcos F Minicucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália C Ferreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bertha F Polegato
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Politi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel P Modolo
- Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research & NIHR Nottingham BRC Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre Uttoxeter Road, Derby, England
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research & NIHR Nottingham BRC Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre Uttoxeter Road, Derby, England
| | - Kenneth Smith
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research & NIHR Nottingham BRC Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre Uttoxeter Road, Derby, England
| | - Daniel Wilkinson
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research & NIHR Nottingham BRC Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre Uttoxeter Road, Derby, England
| | - Adam Gordon
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research & NIHR Nottingham BRC Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre Uttoxeter Road, Derby, England
| | - Suzana E Tanni
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Eliodoro Costa
- Stable Isotopes Center, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda P Fernandes
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Silméia G Zanati Bazan
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A M Zornoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bazan
- Department of Neurology, Psychology and Psychiatry, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio A Rupp de Paiva
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Schmidt Azevedo
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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13
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Effects of Creatine Monohydrate on Endurance Performance in a Trained Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:1017-1027. [PMID: 36877404 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is robust evidence that creatine monohydrate supplementation can enhance short-term high-intensity exercise in athletes. However, the effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation on aerobic performance and its role during aerobic activities is still controversial. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the supplementation effects of creatine monohydrate on endurance performance in a trained population. METHODS The search strategy in this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were explored from inception until 19 May, 2022. Only human experimental trials, controlled with a placebo group, evaluating the effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on endurance performance in a trained population were analyzed in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. RESULTS A total of 13 studies satisfied all the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The results for the pooled meta-analysis showed a non-significant change in endurance performance after creatine monohydrate supplementation in a trained population (p = 0.47), with a trivial negative effect (pooled standardized mean difference = - 0.07 [95% confidence interval - 0.32 to 0.18]; I2 = 34.75%). Further, after excluding the studies not evenly distributed around the base of the funnel plot, the results were similar (pooled standardized mean difference = - 0.07 [95% confidence interval - 0.27 to 0.13]; I2 = 0%; p = 0.49). CONCLUSIONS Creatine monohydrate supplementation was shown to be ineffective on endurance performance in a trained population. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) with the following registration number: CRD42022327368.
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dos Santos Quaresma MVL, Marques CG, Magalhães ACO, Cirillo L, Ciudi RB, Oliveira LS, dos Santos RVT, Nakamoto FP. Prevalence of dietary supplement consumption among CrossFit practitioners. NUTRIRE : REVISTA DE SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ALIMENTACAO E NUTRICAO = JOURNAL OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF FOOD AND NUTRITION 2023; 48:9. [PMID: 38625281 PMCID: PMC9924833 DOI: 10.1186/s41110-023-00193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to verify the prevalence of dietary supplements among CrossFit practitioners (CFPs), considering gender and training status. Still, we aimed to determine the type, reasons, and associated factors of dietary supplement utilization among CFPs. Methods This is a cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study with the snowball sampling method. Data were collected through online questionnaires using the Google Forms® tool. We included CFPs aged 18-64 years, from Aug 1, 2020, to Sept 31, 2020. The questionnaire contained questions to assess the prevalence, type, and reasons for supplement use; also, we assessed information about sociodemographic variables and the prevalence of the main chronic morbidities. To analyze aspects of eating behavior and sleep-related parameters, we applied the three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ)-R21 and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire (PSQI), respectively. Results We assessed one hundred twelve (n = 112; 57 men; 55 women) CFPs (28.9 ± 7.64 years old; body mass index (BMI), 25.5 ± 4.83 kg/m2). Eighty-seven (50 men; 37 women; 28.2 ± 6.66 years old; BMI, 25.4 ± 4.55 kg/m2) reported using dietary supplements. Whey protein was the most used supplement (n = 70), followed by creatine (n = 54). Cognitive restraint (a dimension of eating behavior) score was higher in supplement users than in non-users (51.7 ± 18.6 vs. 42.6 ± 20.5; p = 0.040). Sleep-related parameters did not differ between supplement users and non-users. The most associated factors to supplement use were sex (being man; OR, 7.99; p = 0.007), sleep quality (poor; OR, 5.27; p = 0.045), CrossFit level (as prescribed (RX); OR, 4.51; p = 0.031), and cognitive restraint (OR, 1.03; p = 0.029). Conclusion The CFPs, especially RX and Elite ones, showed a higher prevalence of supplement utilization. Anabolic-related supplements (i.e., whey protein and creatine) were the most used; moreover, several CFPs used supplements not supported by scientific evidence. Cognitive restraint score was higher in supplement users than in non-users. RX level, being men, and poor sleep quality were associated with supplement utilization. These data draw attention to the necessity of nutritional education for CrossFit coaches and athletes. Broader studies are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Carolina Oumatu Magalhães
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, Curso de Nutrição, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Letícia Cirillo
- Centro Universitário São Camilo, Curso de Nutrição, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | | | | | - Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli dos Santos
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP Brazil
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15
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Carey CC, Doyle L, Lucey A. Nutritional priorities, practices and preferences of athletes and active individuals in the context of new product development in the sports nutrition sector. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1088979. [PMID: 36824582 PMCID: PMC9942779 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1088979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sports nutrition is a rapidly growing sector with increasing demand for evidence-based nutritional products to support competitive and healthy lifestyles. The product development process for novel foods should rely heavily on end-user engagement to facilitate future success, however there is a dearth of published information available. An understanding of the practices and self-reported nutritional priorities of athletes and active individuals is required for the development of new food products, facilitating evidence-based product formulation. Methods Participants were at least 18 years of age, actively participating in competitive sport or structured physical activity on at least two occasions per week. Participants were asked to undertake a comprehensive online survey assessing their nutritional practice, perceived nutritional priorities and preferences for product characteristics. Questions were developed on the basis of critical evaluation of the current scientific literature and the hosting of two scoping focus group sessions with prospective end-users. Results 405 individuals (29 ± 9 years) completed this questionnaire. 295 participants reported active participation in competitive sport while the remaining 110 participants undertook structured physical activity exclusively. When asked to rank their top three most sought-after product claims in sports nutrition, "enhanced muscular recovery" was the most prioritised receiving 101 first choice preferences (25%) and 295 top 3 preferences. Fifty-eight percent of participants reported taking nutritional supplements. Caffeine containing functional foods (excluding caffeine supplements) were the most commonly used functional food group. A very low incidence of functional food usage was reported otherwise. When asked to rank the importance of various food product attributes, "nutritional profile" was ranked as the most important with rating of 3.37 ± 0.7 out of 4 followed by "taste" and "accessibility". Whole food nutritional products received the most first preference selections and most top 3 selections when presented with a number of popular performance and recovery products on the market. Conclusions The transition towards a food first approach in sports nutrition is vital for athletes and active individuals to achieve their goals; with the development of evidence-based functional foods, particularly with a focus on muscle recovery, endurance, and strength enhancement at the forefront for new food product design and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor C. Carey
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lorna Doyle
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Alice Lucey
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Correspondence: Alice Lucey
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Dinan NE, Hagele AM, Jagim AR, Miller MG, Kerksick CM. Effects of creatine monohydrate timing on resistance training adaptations and body composition after 8 weeks in male and female collegiate athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:1033842. [DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1033842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundLimited research is available on the potential impact of creatine monohydrate administration before or after workouts among athletes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pre- vs. post-exercise creatine monohydrate supplementation on resistance training adaptations and body composition.MethodsIn a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design, 34 healthy resistance-trained male and female athletes were randomly assigned and matched according to fat free mass to consume a placebo, or 5-g dose of creatine monohydrate within 1 h before training, or within 1 h after training for 8 weeks, while completing a weekly resistance training program. Participants co-ingested 25-gram doses of both whey protein isolate and maltodextrin along with each assigned supplement dose. Body composition, muscular strength, and endurance, along with isometric mid-thigh pull were assessed before and after the 8-week supplementation period. A 3 × 2 mixed factorial (group x time) ANOVA with repeated measures on time were used to evaluate differences.ResultsAll groups experienced similar and statistically significant increases in fat free mass (+1.34 ± 3.48 kg, p = 0.04), upper (+2.21 ± 5.69 kg, p = 0.04) and lower body strength (+7.32 ± 10.01 kg, p < 0.001), and decreases in body mass (−1.09 ± 2.71 kg, p = 0.03), fat mass (−2.64 ± 4.16 kg, p = 0.001), and percent body fat (−2.85 ± 4.39 kg, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe timing of creatine monohydrate did not exert any additional influence over the measured outcomes.
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17
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Nho H, Kim KA. Effects of Grape Seed Extract Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Endurance Performance in Basketball Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14223. [PMID: 36361103 PMCID: PMC9658680 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While dietary polyphenols supplements can improve endothelial function and blood flow to exercise, the effects of chronic supplementation with grape seed extract (GSE) containing a high dose of polyphenols on endurance performance are not known. Accordingly, in 12 elite athletes, we compared the effects of both GSE and placebo (PL) on submaximal VO2, time to exhaustion performance, and endothelial function during progressive cycling exercise for 14 days. Endothelial function was evaluated from the brachial artery via flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Compared to PL, GSE decreased submaximal VO2 at 80% and 120% of VO2peak and increased the time to exhaustion (p < 0.05). GSE also resulted in FMD-induced increase in brachial artery diameter (14.4 ± 5.2% vs. 17.6 ± 4.5%, p = 0.035). We demonstrated that chronic supplementation with GSE improved endurance performance and these effects may partially be due to vasodilation in active skeletal muscle mediated by enhanced endothelial function. Thus, our results suggest that GSE appears to be an ergogenic nutraceutical that can improve exercise performance in elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosung Nho
- Department of Liberal Arts and Science, Suwon Women’s University, Onjeong Street 72, Gweonseon-gu, Suwon-si 16632, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ae Kim
- Human IT Solution, Gogum Building 1F, 2F, Banpo-daero, 55, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06670, Korea
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Effect of Hyperthyroidism Treatments on Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081982. [PMID: 36009529 PMCID: PMC9405700 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reversibility of HRV abnormalities in hyperthyroidism remains contradictory. The design of this study involves conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of antithyroid treatments on HRV in hyperthyroidism. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched until 4 April 2022. Multiple reviewers selected articles reporting HRV parameters in treated and untreated hyperthyroidism. Independent data extraction by multiple observers was stratified by degree of hyperthyroidism for each HRV parameter: RR intervals, SDNN (standard deviation of RR intervals), RMSSD (square root of the mean difference of successive RR intervals), pNN50 (percentage of RR intervals with >50 ms of variation), total power (TP), LFnu (low-frequency normalized unit) and HFnu (high-frequency), VLF (very low-frequency), and LF/HF ratio. We included 11 studies for a total of 471 treated hyperthyroid patients, 495 untreated hyperthyroid patients, and 781 healthy controls. After treatment, there was an increase in RR, SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, TP, HFnu, and VLF and a decrease in LFnu and LF/HF ratio (p < 0.01). Overt hyperthyroidism showed similar results, in contrast to subclinical hyperthyroidism. Compared with controls, some HRV parameter abnormalities persist in treated hyperthyroid patients (p < 0.05) with lower SDNN, LFnu, and higher HFnu, without significant difference in other parameters. We showed a partial reversibility of HRV abnormalities following treatment of overt hyperthyroidism. The improvement in HRV may translate the clinical cardiovascular benefits of treatments in hyperthyroidism and may help to follow the evolution of the cardiovascular morbidity.
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Lamat H, Sauvant-Rochat MP, Tauveron I, Bagheri R, Ugbolue UC, Maqdasi S, Navel V, Dutheil F. Metabolic syndrome and pesticides: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119288. [PMID: 35439599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relation between pesticides exposure and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been clearly identified. Performing a systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ScienceDirect were searched for studies reporting the risk of MetS following pesticides exposure and their contaminants. We included 12 studies for a total of 6789 participants, in which 1981 (29.1%) had a MetS. Overall exposure to pesticides and their contaminants increased the risk of MetS by 30% (95CI 22%-37%). Overall organochlorine increased the risk of MetS by 23% (14-32%), as well as for most types of organochlorines: hexachlorocyclohexane increased the risk by 53% (28-78%), hexachlorobenzene by 40% (0.01-80%), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene by 22% (9-34%), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane by 28% (5-50%), oxychlordane by 24% (1-47%), and transnonchlor by 35% (19-52%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that overall exposure to pesticides and their contaminants increased the risk by 46% (35-56%) using crude data or by 19% (10-29%) using fully-adjusted model. The risk for overall pesticides and types of pesticides was also significant with crude data but only for hexachlorocyclohexane (36% risk increase, 17-55%) and transnonchlor (25% risk increase, 3-48%) with fully-adjusted models. Metaregressions demonstrated that hexachlorocyclohexane increased the risk of MetS in comparison to most other pesticides. The risk increased for more recent periods (Coefficient = 0.28, 95CI 0.20 to 0.37, by year). We demonstrated an inverse relationship with body mass index and male gender. In conclusion, pesticides exposure is a major risk factor for MetS. Besides organochlorine exposure, data are lacking for other types of pesticides. The risk increased with time, reflecting a probable increase of the use of pesticides worldwide. The inverse relationship with body mass index may signify a stockage of pesticides and contaminants in fat tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Lamat
- Université Clermont Auvergne, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Endocrinology-diabetology-nutrition, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Sauvant-Rochat
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Igor Tauveron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, GReD, Inserm, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Endocrinology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Reza Bagheri
- University of Isfahan, Exercise Physiology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ukadike C Ugbolue
- University of the West of Scotland, Health and Life Sciences, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK
| | - Salwan Maqdasi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, GReD, Inserm, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Endocrinology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valentin Navel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, GReD, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, WittyFit, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Kaufman MW, Roche M, Fredericson M. The Impact of Supplements on Sports Performance for the Trained Athlete: A Critical Analysis. Curr Sports Med Rep 2022; 21:232-238. [PMID: 35801724 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Elite athletes often use nutritional supplements to improve performance and gain competitive advantage. The prevalence of nutrient supplementation ranges from 40% to 100% among trained athletes, yet few athletes have a trusted source of information for their supplement decisions and expected results. This critical analysis review evaluates systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized control trials, and crossover trials investigating commonly used supplements in sport: caffeine, creatine, beta-alanine (β-alanine), branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), and dietary nitrates. By reviewing these supplements' mechanisms, evidence relating directly to improving sports performance, and ideal dosing strategies, we provide a reference for athletes and medical staff to personalize supplementation strategies. Caffeine and creatine impact power and high-intensity athletes, β-alanine, and BCAA mitigate fatigue, and dietary nitrates improve endurance. With each athlete having different demands, goals to maximize their performance, athletes and medical staff should collaborate to personalize supplementation strategies based on scientific backing to set expectations and potentiate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Kaufman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Megan Roche
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA
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Samadi M, Askarian A, Shirvani H, Shamsoddini A, Shakibaee A, Forbes SC, Kaviani M. Effects of Four Weeks of Beta-Alanine Supplementation Combined with One Week of Creatine Loading on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Military Personnel. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137992. [PMID: 35805647 PMCID: PMC9265371 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose was to investigate the effects of a 7-day creatine (Cr) loading protocol at the end of four weeks of β-alanine supplementation (BA) on physical performance, blood lactate, cognitive performance, and resting hormonal concentrations compared to BA alone. Twenty male military personnel (age: 21.5 ± 1.5 yrs; height: 1.78 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 78.5 ± 7.0 kg; BMI: 23.7 ± 1.64 kg/m2) were recruited and randomized into two groups: BA + Cr or BA + placebo (PL). Participants in each group (n = 10 per group) were supplemented with 6.4 g/day of BA for 28 days. After the third week, the BA + Cr group participants were also supplemented with Cr (0.3 g/kg/day), while the BA + PL group ingested an isocaloric placebo for 7 days. Before and after supplementation, each participant performed a battery of physical and cognitive tests and provided a venous blood sample to determine resting testosterone, cortisol, and IGF-1. Furthermore, immediately after the last physical test, blood lactate was assessed. There was a significant improvement in physical performance and mathematical processing in the BA + Cr group over time (p < 0.05), while there was no change in the BA + PL group. Vertical jump performance and testosterone were significantly higher in the BA + Cr group compared to BA + PL. These results indicate that Cr loading during the final week of BA supplementation (28 days) enhanced muscular power and appears to be superior for muscular strength and cognitive performance compared to BA supplementation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samadi
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6437, Iran; (M.S.); (A.A.); (H.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Ali Askarian
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6437, Iran; (M.S.); (A.A.); (H.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Hossein Shirvani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6437, Iran; (M.S.); (A.A.); (H.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Alireza Shamsoddini
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6437, Iran; (M.S.); (A.A.); (H.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Abolfazl Shakibaee
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6437, Iran; (M.S.); (A.A.); (H.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A 6A9, Canada;
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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22
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Buttet M, Bagheri R, Ugbolue UC, Laporte C, Trousselard M, Benson A, Bouillon-Minois JB, Dutheil F. Effect of a lifestyle intervention on telomere length: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 206:111694. [PMID: 35760212 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of lifestyle intervention on telomere length (TL). METHOD Four databases were searched for studies reporting TL in leukocytes, before and after a lifestyle intervention. We computed random-effects meta-analysis on TL within intervention and control group after versus before intervention, and on changes in TL between groups. Sensitivity analyses and Meta-regression were conducted. RESULTS We included 20 studies in the systematic review (2995 participants, mean 50.3 years old, 77% women, 2045 following an intervention and 950 controls) and 19 in the meta-analysis. TL were similar at baseline between intervention and control groups. The physical activity ± diet group had an increase in TL (Effect size 0.17, 95%CI 0.03-0.31, p = 0.020) using changes within the intervention group, whereas TL shortened in the control group (-0.32, -0.61 to -0.02, p = 0.037). TL was longer in the physical activity ± diet intervention group (0.24, 0.08-0.40, p = 0.004) compared to controls after the intervention. Sensitivity analysis gave similar results. Meta-regressions demonstrated that combining strength and endurance exercise increased TL more than endurance alone or strength alone. CONCLUSION A lifestyle intervention with physical activity ± diet can increase telomere length, independently of population characteristics or baseline TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Buttet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, General medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Reza Bagheri
- University of Isfahan, Exercise physiology department, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ukadike C Ugbolue
- University of the West of Scotland, Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Catherine Laporte
- Université Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280 NPsy-Sydo, General medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Trousselard
- French Armed Forces, Biomedical Research Institute, IRBA, Neurophysiology of Stress, Neuroscience and Operational Constraint Department, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; APEMAC/EPSAM, EA 4360, Ile du Saulcy, 57000 Metz, France
| | - Amanda Benson
- Swinburne University of Technology, Sport Innovation Research Group, Department of Health and Biostatistics, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Emergency medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, WittyFit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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23
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Heart rate variability in hypothyroid patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269277. [PMID: 35657799 PMCID: PMC9165841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Hypothyroidism may be associated with changes in the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system, which may have clinical implications.
Objective
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of hypothyroidism on HRV.
Materials and methods
PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Google Scholar were searched until 20 August 2021 for articles reporting HRV parameters in untreated hypothyroidism and healthy controls. Random-effects meta-analysis were stratified by degree of hypothyroidism for each HRV parameters: RR intervals (or normal to normal-NN intervals), SDNN (standard deviation of RR intervals), RMSSD (square root of the mean difference of successive RR intervals), pNN50 (percentage of RR intervals with >50ms variation), total power (TP), LFnu (low-frequency normalized unit), HFnu (high-frequency), VLF (very low frequency), and LF/HF ratio.
Results
We included 17 studies with 11438 patients: 1163 hypothyroid patients and 10275 healthy controls. There was a decrease in SDNN (effect size = -1.27, 95% CI -1.72 to -0.83), RMSSD (-1.66, -2.32 to -1.00), pNN50 (-1.41, -1.98 to -0.84), TP (-1.55, -2.1 to -1.00), HFnu (-1.21, -1.78 to -0.63) with an increase in LFnu (1.14, 0.63 to 1.66) and LF/HF ratio (1.26, 0.71 to 1.81) (p <0.001). HRV alteration increased with severity of hypothyroidism.
Conclusions
Hypothyroidism is associated with a decreased HRV, that may be explained by molecular mechanisms involving catecholamines and by the effect of TSH on HRV. The increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity may have clinical implications.
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Candow DG, Forbes SC, Roberts MD, Roy BD, Antonio J, Smith-Ryan AE, Rawson ES, Gualano B, Roschel H. Creatine O'Clock: Does Timing of Ingestion Really Influence Muscle Mass and Performance? Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:893714. [PMID: 35669557 PMCID: PMC9163789 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.893714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that creatine supplementation augments the gains in muscle mass and performance during periods of resistance training. However, whether the timing of creatine ingestion influences these physical and physiological adaptations is unclear. Muscle contractions increase blood flow and possibly creatine transport kinetics which has led some to speculate that creatine in close proximity to resistance training sessions may lead to superior improvements in muscle mass and performance. Furthermore, creatine co-ingested with carbohydrates or a mixture of carbohydrates and protein that alter insulin enhance creatine uptake. The purpose of this narrative review is to (i) discuss the purported mechanisms and variables that possibly justify creatine timing strategies, (ii) to critically evaluate research examining the strategic ingestion of creatine during a resistance training program, and (iii) provide future research directions pertaining to creatine timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren G. Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Scott C. Forbes
| | | | - Brian D. Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jose Antonio
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Eric S. Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA, United States
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ramos Fernandes VA, Delforno MC, Banov GC, Shmayev M, Alves Leandro JV, Gonçalves Teixeira KF, Iatecola A, Inácio Cardozo MF, Caldeira EJ, Rodrigues da Cunha M. Renal, hepatic and muscle effects of creatine supplementation in an older adults experimental model. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 48:464-471. [PMID: 35331530 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Creatine is a dietary supplement with potential capacity to stimulate the phosphocreatine pathway and protein synthesis, through the stimulation of the PI3-K/AKT and mTOR cascade, its use in populations with reduced muscle preservation capacity (such as the older adults) can be an interesting and low-cost alternative. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphological, stereological and morphometric effects of the use of creatine monohydrate for 8 weeks on the renal, hepatic and muscular tissues of 26-month-old Wistar rats. METHODS Twelve Wistar rats were divided into two groups of six animals each. Group 1 was not supplemented with creatine and received a standard diet consisting of water and chow. Group 2 received the same diet, but was supplemented with creatine monohydrate at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg of body weight diluted in 200 ml of drinking water for 8 weeks. RESULTS Supplementation reduced muscle mass loss as indicated by the perimeter of the perimysium (group 1: 114.6 μm; group 2: 65.2 μm) and endomysium (group 1: 41,239.3 μm; group 2: 12,437.6 μm) compared to the non-supplemented group. In addition, a larger cross-sectional area was observed in group 2. No significant kidney or liver damage was observed in the supplemented group. CONCLUSIONS The use of creatine is considered safe in the animal model used, as this amine does not cause glomerular reductions or hepatic degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Augusto Ramos Fernandes
- Laboratory of Morphology and Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology - Human Anatomy, Brazil; Laboratory of Anatomy at Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio, Itu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Carolina Delforno
- Laboratory of Morphology and Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology - Human Anatomy, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Cavalcanti Banov
- Laboratory of Morphology and Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology - Human Anatomy, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Shmayev
- Laboratory of Morphology and Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology - Human Anatomy, Brazil.
| | - Julia Valencio Alves Leandro
- Laboratory of Morphology and Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology - Human Anatomy, Brazil.
| | - Kadu Ferreira Gonçalves Teixeira
- Laboratory of Morphology and Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology - Human Anatomy, Brazil.
| | - Amilton Iatecola
- Laboratory of Morphology and Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology - Human Anatomy, Brazil; Laboratory of Anatomy at Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio, Itu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcel Fernando Inácio Cardozo
- Laboratory of Morphology and Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology - Human Anatomy, Brazil; Laboratory of Anatomy at Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio, Itu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo José Caldeira
- Laboratory of Morphology and Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology - Human Anatomy, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues da Cunha
- Laboratory of Morphology and Tissue Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology - Human Anatomy, Brazil; Laboratory of Anatomy at Centro Universitário Nossa Senhora do Patrocínio, Itu, SP, Brazil.
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26
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Schroeder N. Evidence-Based Nutritional Strategies to Enhance Athletic Performance. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Sikes KJ, McConnell A, Serkova N, Cole B, Frisbie D. Untargeted metabolomics analysis identifies creatine, myo-inositol, and lipid pathway modulation in a murine model of tendinopathy. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:965-976. [PMID: 34081345 PMCID: PMC8639838 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendinopathy has been broadly characterized as alterations in cell proliferation, extracellular matrix turnover/synthesis, and inflammatory alterations. However, the underlying glucose metabolism pathways which contribute to these responses have not been well explored. The potential link between glucose metabolism and tendon pathology is interesting from a global standpoint since the development of spontaneous tendinopathy is associated with systemic metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the overarching goal of this study was to understand the potential pathogenic role of glucose metabolism-driven mechanisms in the development of tendinopathy. To test this, we have utilized an untargeted metabolomics approach to discover pathways which may be altered following tendinopathic injury and treadmill running in an established murine model of TGF-β1 induced tendinopathy. While specific tendon glucose alterations were not observed via metabolomics or 18 F-fluoroeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/microcomputed tomography imaging (18 F-FDG PET/CT), metabolites including creatinine, D-chiro-inositol, and lipids were dysregulated following tendon injury. As novel pathways for manipulation, the creatine pathway, myo-inositol pathway, and lipid signaling may lead to the development of enhanced preventative strategies and therapeutic options for all patients who suffer from tendon-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J. Sikes
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Anna McConnell
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Natalie Serkova
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80045
| | - Brian Cole
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - David Frisbie
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
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Heart Rate Variability in Hyperthyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063606. [PMID: 35329294 PMCID: PMC8949365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Cardiovascular effects of thyroid hormones may be measured through heart rate variability (HRV). We sought to determine the impact of hyperthyroidism on HRV. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of hyperthyroidism on HRV. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Google Scholar were searched until 20 August 2021 for articles reporting HRV parameters in untreated hyperthyroidism and healthy controls. Random-effects meta-analysis was stratified by degree of hyperthyroidism for each HRV parameter: RR intervals (or Normal-to-Normal intervals—NN), SDNN (standard deviation of RR intervals), RMSSD (square root of the mean difference of successive RR intervals), pNN50 (percentage of RR intervals with >50 ms of variation), total power (TP), LFnu (low-frequency normalized unit) and HFnu (high-frequency), VLF (very low-frequency), and LF/HF ratio. Results: We included 22 studies with 10,811 patients: 1002 with hyperthyroidism and 9809 healthy controls. There was a decrease in RR (effect size = −4.63, 95% CI −5.7 to −3.56), SDNN (−6.07, −7.42 to −4.71), RMSSD (−1.52, −2.18 to −0.87), pNN50 (−1.36, −1.83 to −0.88), TP (−2.05, −2.87 to −1.24), HFnu (−3.51, −4.76 to −2.26), and VLF power (−2.65, −3.74 to −1.55), and an increase in LFnu (2.66, 1.55 to 3.78) and LF/HF ratio (1.75, 1.02 to 2.48) (p < 0.01). Most parameters had ES that was twice as high in overt compared to subclinical hyperthyroidism. Increased peripheral thyroid hormones and decreased TSH levels were associated with lower RR intervals. Conclusions: Hyperthyroidism is associated with a decreased HRV, which may be explained by the deleterious effect of thyroid hormones and TSH. The increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic activity may have clinical implications.
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Córdova-Martínez A, Caballero-García A, Bello HJ, Pons-Biescas A, Noriega DC, Roche E. l-Arginine and Beetroot Extract Supplementation in the Prevention of Sarcopenia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030290. [PMID: 35337088 PMCID: PMC8954952 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a significant decline in neuromuscular function, leading to a reduction in muscle mass and strength. The aim of the present report was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with nitric oxide precursors (l-arginine and beetroot extract) in muscular function during a training period of 6 weeks in elderly men and women. The study (double-blind, placebo-controlled) involved 66 subjects randomly divided into three groups: placebo, arginine-supplemented and beetroot extract-supplemented. At the end of this period, no changes in anthropometric parameters were observed. Regarding other circulating parameters, urea levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in women of the beetroot-supplemented group (31.6 ± 5.9 mg/dL) compared to placebo (41.3 ± 8.5 mg/dL) after 6 weeks of training. In addition, the circulating creatine kinase activity, as an index of muscle functionality, was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in women of the arginine- (214.1 ± 162.2 mIU/L) compared to the beetroot-supplemented group (84.4 ± 36.8 mIU/L) at the end of intervention. No significant effects were noticed with l-arginine or beetroot extract supplementation regarding strength, endurance and SPPB index. Only beetroot extract supplementation improved physical fitness significantly (p < 0.05) in the sprint exercise in men after 6 weeks (2.33 ± 0.59 s) compared to the baseline (2.72 ± 0.41 s). In conclusion, beetroot seems to be more efficient during short-term training while supplementing, preserving muscle functionality in women (decreased levels of circulating creatine kinase) and with modest effects in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Córdova-Martínez
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.-M.); (E.R.)
| | - Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - Hugo J. Bello
- Department of Mathematics, School of Forestry, Agronomy and Bioenergy Engineering, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - Antoni Pons-Biescas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain;
| | - David C. Noriega
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 03010 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Enrique Roche
- Department of Mathematics, School of Forestry, Agronomy and Bioenergy Engineering, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain;
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.-M.); (E.R.)
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Doma K, Ramachandran AK, Boullosa D, Connor J. The Paradoxical Effect of Creatine Monohydrate on Muscle Damage Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:1623-1645. [PMID: 35218552 PMCID: PMC9213373 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Several studies have examined the effect of creatine monohydrate (CrM) on indirect muscle damage markers and muscle performance, although pooled data from several studies indicate that the benefits of CrM on recovery dynamics are limited. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis determined whether the ergogenic effects of CrM ameliorated markers of muscle damage and performance following muscle-damaging exercises. Methods In total, 23 studies were included, consisting of 240 participants in the CrM group (age 23.9 ± 10.4 years, height 178 ± 5 cm, body mass 76.9 ± 7.6 kg, females 10.4%) and 229 participants in the placebo group (age 23.7 ± 8.5 years, height 177 ± 5 cm, body mass 77.0 ± 6.6 kg, females 10.0%). These studies were rated as fair to excellent following the PEDro scale. The outcome measures were compared between the CrM and placebo groups at 24–36 h and 48–90 h following muscle-damaging exercises, using standardised mean differences (SMDs) and associated p-values via forest plots. Furthermore, sub-group analyses were conducted by separating studies into those that examined the effects of CrM as an acute training response (i.e., after one muscle-damaging exercise bout) and those that examined the chronic training response (i.e., examining the acute response after the last training session following several weeks of training). Results According to the meta-analysis, the CrM group exhibited significantly lower indirect muscle damage markers (i.e., creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and/or myoglobin) at 48–90 h post-exercise for the acute training response (SMD − 1.09; p = 0.03). However, indirect muscle damage markers were significantly greater in the CrM group at 24 h post-exercise (SMD 0.95; p = 0.04) for the chronic training response. Although not significant, a large difference in indirect muscle damage markers was also found at 48 h post-exercise (SMD 1.24) for the chronic training response. The CrM group also showed lower inflammation for the acute training response at 24–36 h post-exercise and 48–90 h post-exercise with a large effect size (SMD − 1.38 ≤ d ≤ − 1.79). Similarly, the oxidative stress markers were lower for the acute training response in the CrM group at 24–36 h post-exercise and 90 h post-exercise, with a large effect size (SMD − 1.37 and − 1.36, respectively). For delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), the measures were lower for the CrM group at 24 h post-exercise with a moderate effect size (SMD − 0.66) as an acute training response. However, the inter-group differences for inflammation, oxidative stress, and DOMS were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion Overall, our meta-analysis demonstrated a paradoxical effect of CrM supplementation post-exercise, where CrM appears to minimise exercise-induced muscle damage as an acute training response, although this trend is reversed as a chronic training response. Thus, CrM may be effective in reducing the level of exercise-induced muscle damage following a single bout of strenuous exercises, although training-induced stress could be exacerbated following long-term supplementation of CrM. Although long-term usage of CrM is known to enhance training adaptations, whether the increased level of exercise-induced muscle damage as a chronic training response may provide potential mechanisms to enhance chronic training adaptations with CrM supplementation remains to be confirmed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-022-01640-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Doma
- James Cook Drive, Rehabilitation Sciences Building, College of Healthcare Sciences, Sports and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, QLD481, Australia.
| | | | - Daniel Boullosa
- James Cook Drive, Rehabilitation Sciences Building, College of Healthcare Sciences, Sports and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, QLD481, Australia.,Federal University of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Connor
- James Cook Drive, Rehabilitation Sciences Building, College of Healthcare Sciences, Sports and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, QLD481, Australia
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Nejabati HR, Ghaffari-Novin M, Fathi-Maroufi N, Faridvand Y, Holmberg HC, Hansson O, Nikanfar S, Nouri M. N1-Methylnicotinamide: Is It Time to Consider as a Dietary Supplement for Athletes? Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:800-805. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220211151204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Exercise is considered to be a “medicine” due to its modulatory roles in metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. The intensity and duration of exercise determine the mechanism of energy production by various tissues of the body, especially by muscles, in which the requirement for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) increases by as much as 100-fold. Naturally, athletes try to improve their exercise performance by dietary supplementation with, e.g., vitamins, metabolites, and amino acids. MNAM, as a vitamin B3 metabolite, reduces serum levels and liver contents of triglycerides, and cholesterol and induces lipolysis. It stimulates gluconeogenesis and prohibits liver cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis through the expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1). It seems that MNAM is not responsible for the actions of NNMT in the adipose tissues as MNAM inhibits the activity of NNMT in the adipose tissue and acts like inhibitors of its activity. NNMT-MNAM axis is more activated in the muscles of participants who were undergoing the high-volume-low-intensity exercise and caloric restriction. Therefore, MNAM could be an important myokine during exercise and fasting where it provides the required energy for muscles through the induction of lipolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver and adipose tissues, respectively. Increased levels of MNAM in exercise and fasting led us to propose that the consumption of MNAM during training especially endurance training could boost exercise capacity and improves performance. Therefore, in this review, we shed light on the potential of MNAM as a dietary supplement in sports medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghaffari-Novin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nazila Fathi-Maroufi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Faridvand
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ola Hansson
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Saba Nikanfar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Navel V, Sapin V, Henrioux F, Blanchon L, Labbé A, Chiambaretta F, Baudouin C, Dutheil F. Oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:45-57. [PMID: 33938134 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in dry eye disease (DED) compared with healthy subject. METHOD The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were searched on 10 January 2021 for studies reporting oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in DED and healthy controls. Main meta-analysis was stratified by type of biomarkers, type of samples (tears, conjunctival cells or biopsies), Sjögren's syndrome (SS) (patients with or without SS) and by geographical zones (Asia or Europe). RESULTS We included nine articles, for a total of 333 patients (628 eye samples) with DED and 165 healthy controls (451 eye samples). There is an overall increase in oxidative stress markers in DED compared with healthy controls (standard mean deviation = 2.39, 95% confidence interval 1.85-2.94), with a significant increase in lipid peroxide (1.90, 0.69-3.11), myeloperoxidase (2.17, 1.06-3.28), nitric oxide synthase 3 (2.52, 0.95-4.08), xanthine oxidase/oxidoreductase (2.41, 1.40-5.43), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) (4.75, 1.67-7.84), malondialdehyde (3.00, 2.55-3.45) and reactive oxygen species (1.31, 0.94-1.68). Oxidative stress markers were higher in tears, conjunctival cells and conjunctival biopsies of DED than controls. Even if small number of studies were included for antioxidants, catalase seemed to be decreased in DED compared with healthy controls (-2.17, -3.00 to -1.34), with an increase of antioxidants in tears of DED patients without SS (1.13, 0.76-1.49). CONCLUSION Oxidative stress markers, and probably antioxidants, were dysregulated in DED, establishing a local oxidative environment in tears, conjunctival cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Navel
- University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, Ophthalmology Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
- University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Fanny Henrioux
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Loïc Blanchon
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Antoine Labbé
- Department of Ophthalmology III Quinze‐Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital IHU FOReSIGHT Paris France
- Sorbonne Université INSERM CNRS Institut de la Vision Paris France
- Department of Ophthalmology Ambroise Paré Hospital APHP Université de Versailles Saint‐Quentin en Yvelines Versailles France
| | - Frédéric Chiambaretta
- University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, Ophthalmology Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Department of Ophthalmology III Quinze‐Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital IHU FOReSIGHT Paris France
- Sorbonne Université INSERM CNRS Institut de la Vision Paris France
- Department of Ophthalmology Ambroise Paré Hospital APHP Université de Versailles Saint‐Quentin en Yvelines Versailles France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS LaPSCo Physiological and Psychosocial Stress CHU Clermont‐Ferrand University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine Witty Fit Clermont‐Ferrand France
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Hoshino T, Kato Y, Sugahara K, Katakura A. Aging-related metabolic changes in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 22:160-167. [PMID: 34936182 PMCID: PMC9302128 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aim Sarcopenia – aging‐related loss of muscle mass and muscle strength – is a key feature of the frailty model. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular biological changes associated with aging in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of senescence‐accelerated mouse prone 8 mouse model by capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry. Methods Three groups of senescence‐accelerated mouse prone 8 mice were used, namely, 12‐week‐old (young; n = 5), 40‐week‐old (elderly; n = 5) and 55‐week‐old mice (late elderly; n = 5). The extensor digitorum longus muscle was collected. After preliminary analyses, metabolome analysis was carried out by capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry. Additionally, we examined whether the activity of enzymes in the metabolic pathway fluctuated with aging, by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Results Among the 116 water‐soluble metabolites associated with the central energy metabolism pathway, changes were observed in 19 metabolites between 12‐ and 40 ‐weeks‐old, in 40 metabolites between 40‐ and 55‐weeks‐old, and in 57 metabolites between 12‐ and 55‐weeks‐old. The fluctuated metabolites that were common among the groups were Val, putrescine and His. The levels of putrescine, associated with cell proliferation, protein synthesis and nucleic acid synthesis, and β‐Ala and His, a component of carnosine that is characterized by its anti‐oxidant and anti‐fatigue effects, decreased with age. Conclusions We confirmed that there were two aging‐related metabolic changes in the extensor digitorum longus muscle of senescence‐accelerated mouse prone 8 mice. Based on the changes in metabolites, cell senescence and fatigue in the extensor digitorum longus muscle might increase in old mice compared with those in young mice, showing molecular biological changes with aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 160–167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhide Hoshino
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kato
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sugahara
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Katakura
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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Gras D, Lanhers C, Bagheri R, Ugbolue UC, Coudeyre E, Pereira B, Zak M, Bouillon-Minois JB, Dutheil F. Creatine supplementation and VO 2max: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-12. [PMID: 34859731 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2008864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although creatine supplementation is well-known to increase exercise performance in acute high-intensity exercises, its role in aerobic performance based on VO2max is more controversial. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of creatine supplementation on VO2max. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting VO2max in creatine supplementation and placebo groups before and after supplementation. We computed a random-effects meta-analysis on VO2max at baseline, within groups following supplementation, on changes on VO2max between groups, and after supplementation between groups. Sensitivity analyses and meta-regression were conducted. We included 19 RCTs for a total of 424 individuals (mean age 30 years old, 82% men). VO2max did not differ at baseline between groups (creatine and placebo). Participants in both groups were engaged in exercise interventions in most studies (80%). Using changes in VO2max, VO2max increased in both groups but increased less after creatine supplementation than placebo (effect size [ES] = -0.32, 95%CI = -0.51 to -0.12, p = 0.002). Comparisons after creatine supplementation confirmed a lower VO2max in the creatine group compared to the placebo group (ES= -0.20, 95%CI = -0.39 to -0.001, p = 0.049). Meta-analysis after exclusion from meta-funnel resulted in similar outcomes in a subgroup of young and healthy participants. Meta-regressions on characteristics of supplementation, physical training, or sociodemographic were not statistically significant. Creatine supplementation has a negative effect on VO2max, regardless of the characteristics of training, supplementation, or population characteristics.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.2008864 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Gras
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charlotte Lanhers
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ukadike Chris Ugbolue
- University of the West of Scotland, School of Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK
| | - Emmanuel Coudeyre
- INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Biostatistics, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marek Zak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Emergency Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, WittyFit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Dutheil F, Danini B, Bagheri R, Fantini ML, Pereira B, Moustafa F, Trousselard M, Navel V. Effects of a Short Daytime Nap on the Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910212. [PMID: 34639511 PMCID: PMC8507757 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Napping in the workplace is under debate, with interesting results on work efficiency and well-being of workers. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the benefits of a short daytime nap on cognitive performance. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect and PsycInfo databases were searched until 19 August 2021. Cognitive performance in working-aged adults, both before and following a daytime nap or under control conditions (no nap), was analysed by time and by type of cognitive function (alertness, executive function and memory). RESULTS We included 11 studies (all in laboratory conditions including one with a subgroup in working conditions) for a total of 381 participants. Mean duration of nap was 55.4 ± 29.4 min. Overall cognitive performance did not differ at baseline (t0) between groups (effect size -0.03, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.07), and improved in the nap group following the nap (t1) (0.18, 0.09 to 0.27), especially for alertness (0.29, 0.10 to 0.48). Sensitivity analyses gave similar results comparing only randomized controlled trials, and after exclusion of outliers. Whatever the model used, performance mainly improved until 120 min after nap, with conflicting results during the sleep inertia period. Early naps in the afternoon (before 1.00 p.m.) gave better cognitive performance (0.24, -0.07 to 0.34). The benefits of napping were independent of sex and age. Duration of nap and time between nap and t1 did not influence cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that our meta-analyses included almost exclusively laboratory studies, daytime napping in the afternoon improved cognitive performance with beneficial effects of early nap. More studies in real work condition are warranted before implementing daytime napping at work as a preventive measure to improve work efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dutheil
- CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, WittyFit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Benjamin Danini
- Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran;
| | - Maria Livia Fantini
- NPsy-Sydo, Sleep Disorders, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Farès Moustafa
- Emergency Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Marion Trousselard
- Neurophysiology of Stress, Armies’ Biomedical Research Institute, Armies’ Health Service, F-91220 Brétigny sur Orge, France;
| | - Valentin Navel
- CNRS, INSERM, GReD, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
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Buisson M, Navel V, Labbé A, Watson SL, Baker JS, Murtagh P, Chiambaretta F, Dutheil F. Deep learning versus ophthalmologists for screening for glaucoma on fundus examination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 49:1027-1038. [PMID: 34506041 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to compare deep learning versus ophthalmologists in glaucoma diagnosis on fundus examinations. METHOD PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov and ScienceDirect databases were searched for studies reporting a comparison between the glaucoma diagnosis performance of deep learning and ophthalmologists on fundus examinations on the same datasets, until 10 December 2020. Studies had to report an area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUC) with SD or enough data to generate one. RESULTS We included six studies in our meta-analysis. There was no difference in AUC between ophthalmologists (AUC = 82.0, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 65.4-98.6) and deep learning (97.0, 89.4-104.5). There was also no difference using several pessimistic and optimistic variants of our meta-analysis: the best (82.2, 60.0-104.3) or worst (77.7, 53.1-102.3) ophthalmologists versus the best (97.1, 89.5-104.7) or worst (97.1, 88.5-105.6) deep learning of each study. We did not retrieve any factors influencing those results. CONCLUSION Deep learning had similar performance compared to ophthalmologists in glaucoma diagnosis from fundus examinations. Further studies should evaluate deep learning in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Buisson
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valentin Navel
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD), Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antoine Labbé
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU FOReSIGHT, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France
| | - Stephanie L Watson
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Corneal Unit, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julien S Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Murtagh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frédéric Chiambaretta
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD), Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Witty Fit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Navel V, Malecaze J, Pereira B, Baker JS, Malecaze F, Sapin V, Chiambaretta F, Dutheil F. Oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e777-e794. [PMID: 33354927 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the levels of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in keratoconus compared to healthy subject. METHOD The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were searched on 1st June 2020 for studies reporting oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in keratoconus and healthy controls. Main meta-analysis was stratified by type of biomarkers, type of samples (tears, cornea, aqueous humour and blood) and type of corneal samples (stromal cells, epithelium and endothelium). RESULTS We included 36 articles, for a total of 1328 keratoconus patients and 1208 healthy controls. There is an overall increase in oxidative stress markers in keratoconus compared with healthy controls (standard mean deviation (SMD) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.55-1.33), with a significant increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (1.09, 0.41-1.78) and malondialdehyde (1.78, 0.83-2.73). There is an overall decrease in antioxidants in keratoconus compared with healthy controls (-0.63, -0.89 to -0.36), with a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity/status (-1.65, -2.88 to -0.43), aldehyde/NADPH dehydrogenase (-0.77, -1.38 to -0.17), lactoferrin/transferrin/albumin (-1.92, -2.96 to -0.89) and selenium/zinc (-1.42, -2.23 to -0.61). Oxidative stress markers were higher in tears and in cornea of keratoconus than in aqueous humour, and antioxidants were decreased in tears, aqueous humour and blood without difference between sample type. Oxidative stress markers increased in stromal cells and antioxidants decreased in endothelium. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress markers and antioxidants were dysregulated in keratoconus, involving an imbalance of redox homeostasis in tears, cornea, aqueous humour and blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Navel
- Ophthalmology CHU Clermont‐Ferrand University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Jean Malecaze
- Ophthalmology CHU Clermont‐Ferrand University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clinical Research and Innovation Direction CHU Clermont–Ferrand University Hospital of Clermont Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong
| | - François Malecaze
- Ophthalmology Department Pierre‐Paul Riquet Hospital University Hospital of Toulouse Toulouse France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology CHU Clermont‐Ferrand University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Frédéric Chiambaretta
- Ophthalmology CHU Clermont‐Ferrand University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Genetic Reproduction and Development Laboratory (GReD) Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair Team CNRS UMR 6293 INSERM U1103 Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Preventive and Occupational Medicine CNRS, LaPSCo Physiological and Psychosocial Stress CHU Clermont‐Ferrand Université Clermont Auvergne University Hospital of Clermont‐Ferrand Clermont‐Ferrand France
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Dutheil F, Méchin G, Vorilhon P, Benson AC, Bottet A, Clinchamps M, Barasinski C, Navel V. Breastfeeding after Returning to Work: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168631. [PMID: 34444380 PMCID: PMC8393856 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of breastfeeding are widely known; however, continuation after returning to work (RTW) is not. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of breastfeeding after RTW. The secondary objectives were to compare the economic statuses between continents. METHOD PubMed, Cochrane Library, Base, and Embase were searched until 1 September 2020, and two independent reviewers selected the studies and collated the data. To be included, articles needed to describe our primary outcome, i.e., prevalence of breastfeeding after RTW. RESULTS We included 14 studies, analyzing 42,820 women. The overall prevalence of breastfeeding after RTW was 25% (95% CI, 21% to 29%), with an important heterogeneity (I2 = 98.6%)-prevalence ranging from 2% to 61%. Stratification by continents and by GDP per capita also showed huge heterogeneity. The Middle East had the weakest total prevalence with 10% (6% to 14%), and Oceania the strongest with 35% (21% to 50%). Despite the prevalence of breastfeeding in general increasing with GDP per capita (<US$5000: 19%, US$5000-30,000: 22%; US$30,000 to 50,000: 25%, >US$50,000 42%), the prevalence of non-exclusive breastfeeding follows more of a U-curve with the lowest and highest GDP per capita having the highest percentages of breastfeeding (<US$5000: 47% and >US$50,000: 50%, versus <28% for all other categories). CONCLUSION Breastfeeding after RTW is widely heterogeneous across the world. Despite economic status playing a role in breastfeeding after RTW, cultural aspects seem influential. The lack of data regarding breastfeeding after RTW in most countries demonstrates the strong need of data to inform effective preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dutheil
- CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, WittyFit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-6-88-22-48-48; Fax: +33-4-73-27-46-49
| | - Grégory Méchin
- Department of General Practice, UFR Medicine, 28 Place Henri-Dunant, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Philippe Vorilhon
- Department of General Practice, UFR Medicine, Research Unit ACCePPT Self-Medication, Multi-Professional Support for Patients, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri-Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Amanda C. Benson
- Swinburne University of Technology, Health and Biostatistics, Hawthorn, Victoria, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Anne Bottet
- Department of General Practice, UFR Medicine, Research Unit ACCePPT Self-Medication, Multi-Professional Support for Patients, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri-Dunant, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Maëlys Clinchamps
- CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, WittyFit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Chloé Barasinski
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne Perinatality, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Valentin Navel
- CNRS, INSERM, GReD, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
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Effect of Home Exercise Training in Patients with Nonspecific Low-Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168430. [PMID: 34444189 PMCID: PMC8391468 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise therapy is recommended to treat non-specific low back pain (LBP). Home-based exercises are promising way to mitigate the lack of availability of exercise centers. In this paper, we conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis on the effects of home-based exercise on pain and functional limitation in LBP. METHOD PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and ScienceDirect were searched until April 20th, 2021. In order to be selected, studies needed to report the pain and functional limitation of patients before and after home-based exercise or after exercise both in a center and at-home. Random-effect meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted. RESULTS We included 33 studies and 9588 patients. We found that pain intensity decreased in the exclusive home exercise group (Effect size = -0.89. 95% CI -0.99 to -0.80) and in the group which conducted exercise both at-home and at another setting (-0.73. -0.86 to -0.59). Similarly, functional limitation also decreased in both groups (-0.75. -0.91 to -0.60, and -0.70, -0.92 to -0.48, respectively). Relaxation and postural exercise seemed to be ineffective in decreasing pain intensity, whereas trunk, pelvic or leg stretching decreased pain intensity. Yoga improved functional limitation. Supervised training was the most effective method to improve pain intensity. Insufficient data precluded robust conclusions around the duration and frequency of the sessions and program. CONCLUSION Home-based exercise training improved pain intensity and functional limitation parameters in LBP.
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Crawford C, Boyd C, Deuster PA. Dietary Supplement Ingredients for Optimizing Cognitive Performance Among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. J Altern Complement Med 2021; 27:940-958. [PMID: 34370563 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2021.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary supplements promoted for brain health and enhanced cognitive performance are widely available. Claims made for these products are directed not only to the elderly wishing to prevent or mitigate cognitive decline, but also young healthy populations looking to boost their cognitive performance. It is unclear whether these claims made on product bottles and through advertising match the science. Objectives: To explore the evidence on the efficacy and safety of single dietary supplement ingredients frequently marketed with claims of enhanced cognitive performance among healthy adults. Design: A systematic review. Results: Nine of 54 dietary supplement ingredients identified through a scoping review met the eligibility criteria with at least 3 published studies identified per ingredient, yielding 69 unique publications. Ingredients evaluated included Bacopa monnieri, choline, creatine, omega-3 fatty acids, Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, Rhodiola rosea, tyrosine, and valerian root, all in supplement form and compared with a placebo, at various serving sizes and durations of use. Conclusions: The low level of certainty in the state of the science, coupled with not always knowing what is in a dietary supplement product, make weighing risks and benefits difficult; these data hinder the ability to develop recommendations about using such ingredients for consumers interested in boosting their cognitive performance. Whereas certain trends regarding promising serving sizes or duration for use, are pointed to in this synthesis, when combined, studies are inconsistent and imprecise, and many are methodologically flawed. Potential solutions to address research gaps are offered, for future research next steps, which is needed to strengthen the evidence and inform decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Crawford
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Courtney Boyd
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia A Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Aguiar AF, Casonatto J. Effects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Muscle Strength in Resistance-Trained Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:772-790. [PMID: 34176406 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1939473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the ergogenic mechanisms of supplementation with citrulline malate are well known, unclear findings regarding variables of muscle strength have been recorded. Such misleading findings in the literature illustrate the need for well-conducted meta-analysis research to elucidate the possible ergogenic impact, which could have major practical consequences for athletes and recreational practitioners seeking to optimize gains in muscle strength. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the existing literature that evaluated the effects of citrulline malate supplementation on muscle strength outcomes from resistance exercise in resistance-trained individuals. A systematic electronic search in Medline and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) was completed in August 2020 identifying randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of citrulline malate supplementation on muscle strength in resistance-trained adults. A subsequent meta-analysis was performed. The meta-analysis involved four studies and 138 assessments (69 in citrulline-malate and 69 in placebo groups). We did not observe an overall effect favoring citrulline-malate supplementation (SMD95% = 0.13 [-0.21; 0.46]). Considering the lower (SMD95% = 0.06 [-0.47; 0.60]) and upper (SMD95% = 0.17 [-0.26; 0.60]) limbs, a non-significant overall effect was identified. The mean effects were similar for "limbs" (upper vs lower) [p = 0.763]. Accordingly, our findings suggest that citrulline malate supplementation does not improve muscle strength in healthy and resistance-trained individuals (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020159338).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreo F Aguiar
- Research Laboratory in Muscular System and Physical Exercise, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Juliano Casonatto
- Research Group in Physiology and Physical Activity, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
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Ma X, Chen H, Cao L, Zhao S, Zhao C, Yin S, Hu H. Mechanisms of Physical Fatigue and its Applications in Nutritional Interventions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6755-6768. [PMID: 34124894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Physical fatigue during exercise can be defined as an impairment of physical performance. Multiple factors have been found contributing to physical fatigue, including neurotransmitter-mediated defense action, insufficient energy supply, and induction of oxidative stress. These mechanistic findings provide a sound theoretical rationale for nutritional intervention since most of these factors can be modulated by nutrient supplementation. In this review, we summarize the current evidence regarding the functional role of nutrients supplementation in managing physical performance and propose the issues that need to be addressed for better utilization of nutritional supplementation approach to improve physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lixing Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Food Non-thermal Processing, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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Wax B, Kerksick CM, Jagim AR, Mayo JJ, Lyons BC, Kreider RB. Creatine for Exercise and Sports Performance, with Recovery Considerations for Healthy Populations. Nutrients 2021; 13:1915. [PMID: 34199588 PMCID: PMC8228369 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine is one of the most studied and popular ergogenic aids for athletes and recreational weightlifters seeking to improve sport and exercise performance, augment exercise training adaptations, and mitigate recovery time. Studies consistently reveal that creatine supplementation exerts positive ergogenic effects on single and multiple bouts of short-duration, high-intensity exercise activities, in addition to potentiating exercise training adaptations. In this respect, supplementation consistently demonstrates the ability to enlarge the pool of intracellular creatine, leading to an amplification of the cell's ability to resynthesize adenosine triphosphate. This intracellular expansion is associated with several performance outcomes, including increases in maximal strength (low-speed strength), maximal work output, power production (high-speed strength), sprint performance, and fat-free mass. Additionally, creatine supplementation may speed up recovery time between bouts of intense exercise by mitigating muscle damage and promoting the faster recovery of lost force-production potential. Conversely, contradictory findings exist in the literature regarding the potential ergogenic benefits of creatine during intermittent and continuous endurance-type exercise, as well as in those athletic tasks where an increase in body mass may hinder enhanced performance. The purpose of this review was to summarize the existing literature surrounding the efficacy of creatine supplementation on exercise and sports performance, along with recovery factors in healthy populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wax
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39759, USA
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Exercise & Performance Nutrition Laboratory, College of Science, Technology, and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO 63301, USA
| | - Andrew R. Jagim
- Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA;
| | - Jerry J. Mayo
- Department of Nutrition and Family Sciences, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR 72035, USA;
| | - Brian C. Lyons
- Health, Kinesiology, and Sport Management Department, University of Wisconsin—Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53141, USA;
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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Dutheil F, Comptour A, Morlon R, Mermillod M, Pereira B, Baker JS, Charkhabi M, Clinchamps M, Bourdel N. Autism spectrum disorder and air pollution: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116856. [PMID: 33714060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widely-known effects of air pollution, pollutants exposure surrounding pregnancy and the risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in newborns remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analyses of the risk of ASD in newborns following air pollution exposure during the perinatal period (preconception to second year of life). The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and ScienceDirect databases were searched for articles, published up to July 2020, with the keywords "air pollution" and "autism". Three models were used for each meta-analysis: a global model based on all risks listed in included articles, a pessimistic model based on less favorable data only, and an optimistic model based on the most favorable data only. 28 studies corresponding to a total of 758 997 newborns were included (47190 ASD and 703980 controls). Maternal exposure to all pollutants was associated with an increased risk of ASD in newborns by 3.9% using the global model and by 12.3% using the optimistic model, while the pessimistic model found no change. Each increase of 5 μg/m3 in particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) was associated with an increased risk of ASD in newborns, regardless of the model used (global +7%, pessimistic +5%, optimistic +15%). This risk increased during preconception (global +17%), during pregnancy (global +5%, and optimistic +16%), and during the postnatal period (global +11% and optimistic +16%). Evidence levels were poor for other pollutants (PM10, NOx, O3, metals, solvents, styrene, PAHs, pesticides). PM2.5 was associated with a greater risk than PM10 (coefficient 0.20, 95CI -0.02 to 0.42), NOx (0.29, 0.08 to 0.50) or solvents (0.24, 0.04 to 0.44). All models revealed that exposure to pollutants, notably PM2.5 during pregnancy, was associated with an increased risk of ASD in newborns. Pregnancy and postnatal periods seem to be the most at-risk periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, WittyFit, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Aurélie Comptour
- INSERM, CIC 1405 CRECHE Unit, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Gynecological Surgery, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Roxane Morlon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculty of Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Bruno Pereira
- University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Biostatistics, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien S Baker
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Physical Education and Health, Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Morteza Charkhabi
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maëlys Clinchamps
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Bourdel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 6602, Pascal Institute, Endoscopy and Computer Vision Group, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Gynecological Surgery, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Nutrition and physical activity interventions for the general population with and without cardiometabolic risk: a scoping review. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:4718-4736. [PMID: 34030758 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review was to examine the research question: In the adults with or without cardiometabolic risk, what is the availability of literature examining interventions to improve or maintain nutrition and physical activity-related outcomes? Sub-topics included: (1) behaviour counseling or coaching from a dietitian/nutritionist or exercise practitioner, (2) mobile applications to improve nutrition and physical activity and (3) nutritional ergogenic aids. DESIGN The current study is a scoping review. A literature search of the Medline Complete, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and other databases was conducted to identify articles published in the English language from January 2005 until May 2020. Data were synthesised using bubble charts and heat maps. SETTING Out-patient, community and workplace. PARTICIPANTS Adults with or without cardiometabolic risk factors living in economically developed countries. RESULTS Searches resulted in 19 474 unique articles and 170 articles were included in this scoping review, including one guideline, thirty systematic reviews (SR), 134 randomised controlled trials and five non-randomised trials. Mobile applications (n 37) as well as ergogenic aids (n 87) have been addressed in several recent studies, including SR. While primary research has examined the effect of individual-level nutrition and physical activity counseling or coaching from a dietitian/nutritionist and/or exercise practitioner (n 48), interventions provided by these practitioners have not been recently synthesised in SR. CONCLUSION SR of behaviour counseling or coaching provided by a dietitian/nutritionist and/or exercise practitioner are needed and can inform practice for practitioners working with individuals who are healthy or have cardiometabolic risk.
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Picard M, Tauveron I, Magdasy S, Benichou T, Bagheri R, Ugbolue UC, Navel V, Dutheil F. Effect of exercise training on heart rate variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251863. [PMID: 33999947 PMCID: PMC8128270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), that can be measured through heart rate variability (HRV)–known to be decreased in T2DM. Physical exercise can improve HRV in healthy population, however results are under debate in T2DM. We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of physical exercise on HRV in T2DM patients. Method PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases were searched for all studies reporting HRV parameters in T2DM patients before and after exercise training, until September 20th 2020, without limitation to specific years. We conducted random-effects meta-analysis stratified by type of exercise for each of the HRV parameters: RR–intervals (or Normal to Normal intervals–NN), standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN), percentage of adjacent NN intervals varying by more than 50 milliseconds (pNN50), root mean square of successive RR-intervals differences (RMSSD), total power, Low Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF) and LF/HF ratio. Sensitivity analyses were computed on studies with the highest quality. Results We included 21 studies (9 were randomized) for a total of 523 T2DM patients: 472 had an exercise training and 151 were controls (no exercise). Intervention was endurance (14 studies), resistance (2 studies), endurance combined with resistance (4 studies), and high intensity interval training (HIIT) (4 studies). After exercise training, all HRV parameters improved i.e. an increase in SDNN (effect size = 0.59, 95%CI 0.26 to 0.93), RMSSD (0.62, 0.28 to 0.95), pNN50 (0.62, 0.23 to 1.00), HF (0.58, -0.16 to 0.99), and a decrease in LF (-0.37, -0.69 to -0.05) and LF/HF (-0.52, -0.79 to -0.24). There were no changes in controls. Stratification by type of exercise showed an improvement in most HRV parameters (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, LF, HF, LF/HF) after endurance training, whereas mostly LF/HF was improved after both resistance training and HIIT. Supervised training improved most HRV parameters. Duration and frequency of training did not influence the benefits on HRV. Conclusion Exercise training improved HRV parameters in T2DM patients which may reflect an improvement in the activity of the autonomic nervous system. The level of proof is the highest for endurance training. Supervised training seemed beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Picard
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, CHU Clermont–Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont–Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Igor Tauveron
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Clermont–Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont–Ferrand, Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Salwan Magdasy
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Clermont–Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont–Ferrand, Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Benichou
- Endocrinology Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, CHU Clermont–Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont–Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ukadike C. Ugbolue
- Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Clinical Exercise & Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Valentin Navel
- Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, GReD, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, University Hospital of Clermont–Ferrand, CHU Clermont–Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, WittyFit, Clermont–Ferrand, France
- * E-mail:
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Antonio J, Candow DG, Forbes SC, Gualano B, Jagim AR, Kreider RB, Rawson ES, Smith-Ryan AE, VanDusseldorp TA, Willoughby DS, Ziegenfuss TN. Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show? J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:13. [PMID: 33557850 PMCID: PMC7871530 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementing with creatine is very popular amongst athletes and exercising individuals for improving muscle mass, performance and recovery. Accumulating evidence also suggests that creatine supplementation produces a variety of beneficial effects in older and patient populations. Furthermore, evidence-based research shows that creatine supplementation is relatively well tolerated, especially at recommended dosages (i.e. 3-5 g/day or 0.1 g/kg of body mass/day). Although there are over 500 peer-refereed publications involving creatine supplementation, it is somewhat surprising that questions regarding the efficacy and safety of creatine still remain. These include, but are not limited to: 1. Does creatine lead to water retention? 2. Is creatine an anabolic steroid? 3. Does creatine cause kidney damage/renal dysfunction? 4. Does creatine cause hair loss / baldness? 5. Does creatine lead to dehydration and muscle cramping? 6. Is creatine harmful for children and adolescents? 7. Does creatine increase fat mass? 8. Is a creatine 'loading-phase' required? 9. Is creatine beneficial for older adults? 10. Is creatine only useful for resistance / power type activities? 11. Is creatine only effective for males? 12. Are other forms of creatine similar or superior to monohydrate and is creatine stable in solutions/beverages? To answer these questions, an internationally renowned team of research experts was formed to perform an evidence-based scientific evaluation of the literature regarding creatine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida, USA.
| | - Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group; School of Medicine, FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrew R Jagim
- Sports Medicine Department, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, WI, USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Eric S Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA, USA
| | - Abbie E Smith-Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Trisha A VanDusseldorp
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA
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Dutheil F, de Saint Vincent S, Pereira B, Schmidt J, Moustafa F, Charkhabi M, Bouillon-Minois JB, Clinchamps M. DHEA as a Biomarker of Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:688367. [PMID: 34295276 PMCID: PMC8290065 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.688367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psychosocial stress is a significant public health problem inducing consequences for quality of life. Results about the use of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) as a biomarker of acute stress are conflicting. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to demonstrate that DHEA levels could be a biomarker of stress. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases were searched on March 19, 2021 using the keywords "acute stress" AND "DHEA" OR "Dehydroepiandrosterone." Articles needed to describe our primary outcome, i.e., induction of acute stress and at least two measures of DHEA. Results: We included 14 studies, with a total of 631 participants, in our meta-analysis. The DHEA levels increased overtime after acute stress [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.13-1.99]. Stratification by time showed a main peak at the end of stress (SMD = 2.43, 95%CI = 1.59-3.27), followed by a progressive decrease (coefficient = -0.11, 95%CI = -0.19 to -0.17, p = 0.020). There was no significant change 1 h after the end of acute stress. Metaregressions showed an impact of mental stress (SMD = 2.04, 95%CI = 1.43-2.65), sex (SMD = 0.02, 95%CI = 0.00-0.04), age (SMD = -0.12, 95%CI = -0.2 to -0.05), and obesity (SMD = 0.31, 95%CI = -0.00 to 0.63). There was no difference whatever the type of fluid (blood or saliva) and the measurement technique used. Conclusions: DHEA is a biomarker of acute stress, with a short-term increase (1 h). DHEA increases following acute mental stress, whatever the type and duration of mental stress. Women, young people, and obese individuals had a higher response. Blood and saliva measures were comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wittyfit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sarah de Saint Vincent
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jeannot Schmidt
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Emergency Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Farès Moustafa
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Emergency Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Morteza Charkhabi
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Emergency Department, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maëlys Clinchamps
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Dutheil F, Baker JS, Mermillod M, De Cesare M, Vidal A, Moustafa F, Pereira B, Navel V. Shift work, and particularly permanent night shifts, promote dyslipidaemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2020; 313:156-169. [PMID: 33069952 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Shift work is common worldwide and linked to deleterious cardiovascular effects that might be underlined by dyslipidemia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the impact of shiftwork on dyslipidemia. METHODS Searching in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Embase databases without language restriction on 15 February 2020, included studies that describe blood lipids levels or a risk measure in shift workers compared with fixed-day workers (controls). Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using stratified meta-analysis by type of shift work, and meta-regression to examine relations between dyslipidemia and demographic, lifestyle and work characteristics. Estimates were pooled using random-effect meta-analysis. RESULTS We included a total of 66 articles, representing 197,063 workers. Shift work globally increased the levels of triglycerides (overall SMD = 0.09; 95CI 0.05 to 0.13; p < 0.001), and globally decreased the levels of c-HDL (-0.08; 95CI -0.12 to -0.03; p = 0.001). Permanent night shift workers were an at-risk type of shift for dyslipidemia with significantly higher blood levels of total cholesterol (0.22; 95CI 0.01 to 0.42; p = 0.043) and triglycerides (0.18; 0.03 to 0.33; p = 0.017), and significantly lower blood levels of c-HDL (-0.16; 95CI -0.32 to 0.00; p = 0.05). Permanent night shift workers were more at-risk for total cholesterol than rotating 3 × 8 shift workers (Coefficient 0.22; 95CI 0.01 to 0.42; p = 0.038) and rotating 2 × 12 shift workers (0.24; 0.02 to 0.46; p = 0.037), and more at-risk for triglycerides than rotating day shift workers (0.21; 95CI 0.03 to 0.38; p = 0.023). Results were non-significant for c-LDL, nor depending on type of shifts. CONCLUSIONS Shift work, and particularly permanent night shift, is associated with dyslipidaemia via elevated total cholesterol and triglycerides, and reduced HDL-cholesterol. Our current study provides a practical and valuable strengthening of the evidence-base required for preventive health initiatives and workplace reform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Witty Fit, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Julien S Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Martial Mermillod
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie De Cesare
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alexia Vidal
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fares Moustafa
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Emergency Unit, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Clinical Research and Innovation Direction, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valentin Navel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, GReD, Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Ophthalmology, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Soares Freitas Sampaio CR, Aidar FJ, Ferreira ARP, dos Santos JL, Marçal AC, de Matos DG, de Souza RF, Moreira OC, Guerra I, Fernandes Filho J, Marcucci-Barbosa LS, Nunes-Silva A, de Almeida-Neto PF, Cabral BGAT, Reis VM. Can Creatine Supplementation Interfere with Muscle Strength and Fatigue in Brazilian National Level Paralympic Powerlifting? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092492. [PMID: 32824920 PMCID: PMC7551857 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of creatine (Cr) supplementation on peak torque (PT) and fatigue rate in Paralympic weightlifting athletes. Eight Paralympic powerlifting athletes participated in the study, with 25.40 ± 3.30 years and 70.30 ± 12.15 kg. The measurements of muscle strength, fatigue index (FI), peak torque (PT), force (kgf), force (N), rate of force development (RFD), and time to maximum isometric force (time) were determined by a Musclelab load cell. The study was performed in a single-blind manner, with subjects conducting the experiments first with placebo supplementation and then, following a 7-day washout period, beginning the same protocol with creatine supplementation for 7 days. This sequence was chosen because of the lengthy washout of creatine. Regarding the comparison between conditions, Cr supplementation did not show effects on the variables of muscle force, peak torque, RFD, and time to maximum isometric force (p > 0.05). However, when comparing the results of the moments with the use of Cr and placebo, a difference was observed for the FI after seven days (U3: 1.12; 95% CI: (0.03, 2.27); p = 0.02); therefore, the FI was higher for placebo. Creatine supplementation has a positive effect on the performance of Paralympic powerlifting athletes, reducing fatigue index, and keeping the force levels as well as PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rodrigo Soares Freitas Sampaio
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; (C.R.S.F.S.); (A.C.M.); (D.G.d.M.); (R.F.d.S.)
| | - Felipe J. Aidar
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; (C.R.S.F.S.); (A.C.M.); (D.G.d.M.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
- Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
- Program of Physiological Science, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-799-9685-7777
| | - Alexandre R. P. Ferreira
- College of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Jymmys Lopes dos Santos
- Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Network in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil;
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; (C.R.S.F.S.); (A.C.M.); (D.G.d.M.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Dihogo Gama de Matos
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; (C.R.S.F.S.); (A.C.M.); (D.G.d.M.); (R.F.d.S.)
| | - Raphael Fabrício de Souza
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil; (C.R.S.F.S.); (A.C.M.); (D.G.d.M.); (R.F.d.S.)
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Costa Moreira
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Campus Florestal, Minas Gerais 35690-000, Brazil;
| | - Ialuska Guerra
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE), Campus of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará 63040-540, Brazil;
| | - José Fernandes Filho
- Brazilian Paralympic Academy, Brazilian Paralympic Committee, São Paulo 04329-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Lucas Soares Marcucci-Barbosa
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Exercise Immunology, Sports Center, Physical Education Scholl, Federal University of OuroPreto (UFOP), OuroPreto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil; (L.S.M.-B.); (A.N.-S.)
| | - Albená Nunes-Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Exercise Immunology, Sports Center, Physical Education Scholl, Federal University of OuroPreto (UFOP), OuroPreto, Minas Gerais 35400-000, Brazil; (L.S.M.-B.); (A.N.-S.)
| | - Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59078-970, Brazil; (P.F.d.A.-N.); (B.G.A.T.C.)
| | - Breno Guilherme Araújo Tinoco Cabral
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59078-970, Brazil; (P.F.d.A.-N.); (B.G.A.T.C.)
| | - Victor Machado Reis
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Trásos Montes and Alto Douro University, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
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