1
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Chen Y, Jiao W, Wang Y, Liang Z, Wang L, Li D, Liang Y, Niu H. Microtubule interacting and trafficking domain containing 1 deficiency leads to poor survival via tissue factor-mediated coagulation in bladder cancer. J Thromb Haemost 2024:S1538-7836(24)00173-9. [PMID: 38554936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer are at an increased risk of developing a hypercoagulative phenotype and venous thromboembolism. However, no clinical trial has yet confirmed that anticoagulant therapy improves cancer prognosis, and the mechanism underlying hypercoagulation in patients with bladder cancer is not well understood. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that the prognostic genes affect tumor progression via tumor-mediated coagulation. METHODS We detected the most significant prognostic genes of bladder cancer with The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and validated them in 2 Gene Expression Omnibus datasets and 1 ArrayExpress dataset. Immunohistochemical tests were performed on a cohort of 80 individuals to further examine the prognostic genes. For the most reliable prognostic gene, its influence on coagulation was evaluated with gene knockdown followed by next-generation sequencing and cellular and animal experiments. RESULTS Depletion of microtubule interacting and trafficking domain containing 1 (MITD1), a major prognostic gene of bladder cancer, significantly increased the tissue factor (TF) expression. MITD1 deficiency led to cytokinesis arrest, which, in turn, promoted the TF expression via unfolded protein response and c-Jun. The knockdown of IRE1, an essential kinase of unfolded protein response or the inactivation of c-Jun using c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors weakened MITD1 deficiency- or dithiothreitol-induced TF upregulation. Cells lacking MITD1 promoted coagulation and metastasis in the experimental metastasis assay. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the novel role of tumor prognostic genes upon the development of hypercoagulative phenotype and venous thromboembolism, thereby underlining the importance of anticoagulant therapy and shedding light on the therapeutic value of targeting MITD1 in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbin Chen
- Qingdao Clinical Medical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijuan Liang
- Qingdao Clinical Medical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Qingdao Clinical Medical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Li
- Qingdao Clinical Medical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Qingdao Clinical Medical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Haitao Niu
- Qingdao Clinical Medical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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2
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Shi Y, Ji S, Xu Y, Ji J, Yang X, Ye B, Lou J, Tao T. Global trends in research on endothelial cells and sepsis between 2002 and 2022: A systematic bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23599. [PMID: 38173483 PMCID: PMC10761786 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic syndrome involving physiological, pathological, and biochemical abnormalities precipitated by infection and is a major global public health problem. Endothelial cells (ECs) dysfunction is a major contributor to sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. This bibliometric analysis aimed to identify and characterize the status, evolution of the field, and new research trends of ECs and sepsis over the past 20 years. For this analysis, the Web of Science Core Collection database was searched to identify relevant publications on ECs in sepsis published between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2022. Microsoft Excel 2021, VOSviewer software, CiteSpace software, and the online analysis platform of literature metrology (http://bibliometric.com) were used to visualize the trends of publications' countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords. In total, 4200 articles were identified and screened, primarily originating from 86 countries/regions and 3489 institutions. The USA was the leading contributor to this research field, providing 1501 articles (35.74 %). Harvard University's scientists were the most prolific, with 129 articles. Overall, 21,944 authors were identified, among whom Bae Jong Sup was the most prolific, contributing 129 publications. Additionally, Levi Marcel was the most frequently co-cited author, appearing 538 times. The journals that published the most articles were SHOCK, CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, and PLOS ONE, accounting for 10.79 % of the total. The current emerging hotspots are concentrated on "endothelial glycocalyx," "NLRP3 inflammasome," "extracellular vesicle," "biomarkers," and "COVID-19," among others. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific productivity and emerging research trends in the field of ECs in sepsis. The evidence supporting the significant role of ECs in both physiological and pathological responses to sepsis is continuously growing. More in-depth studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced endothelial dysfunction and EC-targeted therapies are warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
- Graduate of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shunpan Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
- Graduate of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhai Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
- Graduate of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingsheng Lou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzhu Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
- Graduate of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Miyazawa K, Fogelson AL, Leiderman K. Inhibition of platelet-surface-bound proteins during coagulation under flow I: TFPI. Biophys J 2023; 122:99-113. [PMID: 36403087 PMCID: PMC9822800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood coagulation is a self-repair process regulated by activated platelet surfaces, clotting factors, and inhibitors. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is one such inhibitor, well known for its inhibitory action on the active enzyme complex comprising tissue factor (TF) and activated clotting factor VII. This complex forms when TF embedded in the blood vessel wall is exposed by injury and initiates coagulation. A different role for TFPI, independent of TF:VIIa, has recently been discovered whereby TFPI binds a partially cleaved form of clotting factor V (FV-h) and impedes thrombin generation on activated platelet surfaces. We hypothesized that this TF-independent inhibitory mechanism on platelet surfaces would be a more effective platform for TFPI than the TF-dependent one. We examined the effects of this mechanism on thrombin generation by including the relevant biochemical reactions into our previously validated mathematical model. Additionally, we included the ability of TFPI to bind directly to and inhibit platelet-bound FXa. The new model was sensitive to TFPI levels and, under some conditions, TFPI could completely shut down thrombin generation. This sensitivity was due entirely to the surface-mediated inhibitory reactions. The addition of the new TFPI reactions increased the threshold level of TF needed to elicit a strong thrombin response under flow, but the concentration of thrombin achieved, if there was a response, was unchanged. Interestingly, we found that direct binding of TFPI to platelet-bound FXa had a greater anticoagulant effect than did TFPI binding to FV-h alone, but that the greatest effects occurred if both reactions were at play. The model includes activated platelets' release of FV species, and we explored the impact of varying the FV/FV-h composition of the releasate. We found that reducing the zymogen FV fraction of this pool, and thus increasing the fraction that is FV-h, led to acceleration of thrombin generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Miyazawa
- Quantitative Biosciences and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado
| | - Aaron L Fogelson
- Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Karin Leiderman
- Mathematics Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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4
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Dufour-Gaume F, Javelle E, Sailliol A, Cap AP, Prat NJ. COVID-19 : viral infection, endotheliopathy and the immuno-inflammatory response… is it time to consider a standard (non-immunized) plasma therapy approach to maintain homeostasis? Transfus Clin Biol 2022; 29:191-194. [PMID: 35644840 PMCID: PMC9059338 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Javelle
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Sailliol
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, France
| | - Andre P Cap
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, Houston, USA
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5
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Scalise V, Lombardi S, Sanguinetti C, Nieri D, Pedrinelli R, Celi A, Neri T. A novel prothrombotic role of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9: the generation of procoagulant extracellular vesicles by human mononuclear cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4129-4134. [PMID: 35412175 PMCID: PMC9001820 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) is a serin protease synthesized mainly in the liver that binds the receptor of low-density lipoprotein and promotes its degradation in lysosomes. PCSK9 is considered a promising target for the development of new therapies for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and related cardiovascular diseases. Extracellular vesicles represent a heterogeneous population of vesicles, ranging in size between 0.05 and 1 μm involved in numerous pathophysiological processes, including blood coagulation. We investigated whether PCSK9 stimulation induces the release of procoagulant extracellular vesicles from human mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and THP-1 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS PBMCs and THP-1 cells were stimulated whit PCSK9, the generation of EV was assessed by the prothrombinase assay and by cytofluorimetric analysis. EV-associated tissue factor activity was assessed by a one-stage clotting assay. PCSK9 induced an increase in extracellular generation by PBMCs and THP-1 cells as well as an increase in extracellular vesicle-associated tissue factor. Pre-treatment with inhibitors of the toll like receptor, TLR4 (C34), and of NF-κB signaling (BAY 11-7082), downregulated PCSK9-induced extracellular vesicle generation and of extracellular- bound tissue factor. Similar effect was obtained by an anti-PCSK9 human-monoclonal antibody. CONCLUSIONS PCSK9-mediated generation of procoagulant EV could contribute to increase the prothrombotic status in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Scalise
- Centro Dipartimentale di Biologia Cellulare Cardio-Respiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e Dell'Area Critica, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Lombardi
- SSD Analisi ChimicoCliniche ed ImmunoAllergologia, USL1, Massa e Carrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Sanguinetti
- Centro Dipartimentale di Biologia Cellulare Cardio-Respiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e Dell'Area Critica, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dario Nieri
- Centro Dipartimentale di Biologia Cellulare Cardio-Respiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e Dell'Area Critica, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Pedrinelli
- Centro Dipartimentale di Biologia Cellulare Cardio-Respiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e Dell'Area Critica, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Celi
- Centro Dipartimentale di Biologia Cellulare Cardio-Respiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e Dell'Area Critica, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Neri
- Centro Dipartimentale di Biologia Cellulare Cardio-Respiratoria, Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e Dell'Area Critica, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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6
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PCSK9 Induces Tissue Factor Expression by Activation of TLR4/NFkB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312640. [PMID: 34884442 PMCID: PMC8657476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) increases LDL cholesterol (C) concentration by accelerating the hepatic degradation of the LDL receptor (R) thus promoting atherogenesis. The molecule, however, also exerts proinflammatory effects independent of circulating LDL-C by enhancing local cytokine production and activation of NFkB, a process that might involve Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a crucial component of the innate immunity system. Tissue factor (TF), a glycoprotein which plays an essential role in coagulation and inflammation, is rapidly induced by circulating monocytes stimulated by proinflammatory agents through NFkB-dependent mechanisms. The aims of our study were (1) to assess whether PCSK9 may induce monocytic TF expression and (2) to evaluate whether the TLR4/NFkB signaling pathway may contribute to that effect. Experiments were carried out in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), THP-1 cells, and HEK293 cells transfected with plasmids encoding the human TLR4 complex. PCSK9 increased procoagulant activity (PCA), mRNA and TF protein expression in both PBMCs and THP-1 cultures. Pre-treatment with inhibitors of TLR4/NFkB signaling such as LPS-RS, CLI-095, and BAY 11-7082, downregulated PCSK9-induced TF expression. A similar effect was obtained by incubating cell cultures with anti-PCSK9 human monoclonal antibody. In TLR4-HEK293 cells, PCSK9 activated the TLR4/NFkB signaling pathway to an extent comparable to LPS, the specific agonist of TLR4s and quantitative confocal microscopy documented the colocalization of PCSK9 and TLR4s. In conclusion, PCSK9 induces TF expression through activation of TLR4/NFkB signaling.
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7
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Hu YN, Gan YM, Zhang YP, Ruan DD, Zhu YB, Lin XF, Fang ZT, Liao LS, Tang FQ, Luo JW. A novel compound heterozygous variant linked to hematuria in a family with hereditary factor VII deficiency. J Gene Med 2021; 24:e3398. [PMID: 34786791 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary Factor VII Deficiency (FVIID) is a rare congenital autosomal recessive bleeding disorder. In clinical manifestations, its onset is caused by variant of the F7 gene (NM_019616) with strong heterogeneity. We identified a family with hematuria caused by a novel F7 compound heterozygous variant and studied the FVIID-dependent mechanism impacted by these variants. METHODS Coagulation factors in the proband were functionally verified. We located pathogenic variants in relevant genes using next-generation sequencing after target enrichment and verified them by Sanger sequencing. We examined the coagulation activity and secretion pattern of recombinant FVII variants expressed in cells and observed their location and stability by immunofluorescence. RESULTS We found a missense variant c.1207G>A (p.Gly403Ser) and a frameshift variant c.154_155del (p.Arg53fs) in the F7 gene of the proband. FVII activity tests showed that the variants significantly decreased its presence in the cell culture supernatant. Moreover, the R53fs mutant lacked the FVII functional domain and had no detectable activity. Immunofluorescence indicated that the p.Gly403Ser variant was distributed to the cell membrane and cytoplasm, while the FVII R53fs variant was not detected. Deficient FVII protein function and severe coagulation disorder are the likely causes of hematuria and other bleeding symptoms in the proband. CONCLUSION The newly discovered F7 gene variants enrich the spectrum of hereditary FVII deficiency and provide a new foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of this type of coagulation disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Hu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian provincial hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Mian Gan
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian provincial hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian provincial hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Ruan
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian provincial hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yao-Bin Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin-Fu Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian provincial hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Ting Fang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian provincial hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Sheng Liao
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian provincial hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fa-Qiang Tang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian provincial hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie-Wei Luo
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian provincial hospital, Fuzhou, China
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8
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Qi J, Lv X, Chen J, Wang H, Chu T, Tang Y, Pan T, Zhou M, Cai C, Ren Y, Liu Y, Fan Y, Shen W, Ma X, Qiu H, Tang X, Fu C, Wu D, Han Y. TNF-α increases the risk of bleeding in patients after CAR T-cell therapy: A bleeding model based on a real-world study of Chinese CAR T Working Party. Hematol Oncol 2021; 40:63-71. [PMID: 34606093 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown excellent clinical efficacy in patients with hematologic malignancies. However, severe bleeding after this treatment is a life-threatening complication for most patients. This study evaluated the risk factors associated with bleeding in CAR T treatment and developed a predictive model for this complication. Analysis performed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University and external validation launched in Suzhou Hongci Hematology Hospital (Jiangsu, China). We conducted a real-world study incorporating data from 400 patients with hematologic malignancies treated with CAR T between 1 November 2015 and 1 September 2019. Also, 39 patients from another hospital were selected for external validation. Patients with severe bleeding (hazard ratio [HR] 13.04, 95% confidence interval 5.82-29.18; p < 0.001) had a higher risk of death after CAR T. Stage III and IV cytokine release syndrome (CRS) (odds ratio [OR] 6.07, 95% CI 2.35-16.76; p < 0.001) and higher tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels (OR 4.00, 95% CI 1.53-11.35; p < 0.001) were independent factors of bleeding in patients after CAR-T treatment. The predictive model developed by Lasso regression, which selected factors such as CRS period, transfusion volume, platelet percentage, platelet count, thrombinogen time, interleukin 6, and TNF-α levels, and showed Nomogram, yielded excellent agreement (C-statistics = 0.905) with the calibration curve, which improved clinical benefit with respect to established bleeding scores such as outpatient bleeding risk index (MOBRI). External validation was performed using 39 patients from another hospital with an AUC of 0.700. Patients with severe bleeding after Car-T therapy had increased the risk of death. A cross-validated bleeding risk score based on CRS stages and TNF-α level show significant prognostic value in patients undergoing CAR-T treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Qi
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Lv
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Chu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Suzhou Hongci Hematology Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengsen Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Hematology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenhong Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Suzhou Hongci Hematology Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiying Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China
| | - Depei Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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9
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Kinaneh S, Khamaysi I, Karram T, Hamoud S. Heparanase as a potential player in SARS-CoV-2 infection and induced coagulopathy. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20210290. [PMID: 34132790 PMCID: PMC8255537 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the current formidable COVID-19 pandemic, it is appealing to address ideas that may invoke therapeutic interventions. Clotting disorders are well recognized in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which lead to severe complications that worsen the prognosis in these subjects. Increasing evidence implicate Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and Heparanase in various diseases and pathologies, including hypercoagulability states. Moreover, HSPGs and Heparanase are involved in several viral infections, in which they enhance cell entry and release of the viruses. Herein we discuss the molecular involvement of HSPGs and heparanase in SARS-CoV-2 infection, namely cell entry and release, and the accompanied coagulopathy complications, which assumedly could be blocked by heparanase inhibitors such as Heparin and Pixatimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Kinaneh
- Department of Physiology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Iyad Khamaysi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tony Karram
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shadi Hamoud
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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10
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Mitra S, Ling RR, Yang IX, Poon WH, Tan CS, Monagle P, MacLaren G, Ramanathan K. Severe COVID-19 and coagulopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2021. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced coagulopathy (CIC) has been widely
reported in the literature. However, the spectrum of abnormalities associated with CIC has been
highly variable.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature (until 1 June 2020) to assess CIC and
disease severity during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Primary outcomes were pooled mean differences
in platelet count, D-dimer level, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and
fibrinogen level between non-severe and severe patients, stratified by degree of hypoxaemia or those who
died. The risk factors for CIC were analysed. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression
were performed using R version 3.6.1, and certainty of evidence was rated using the Grading of
Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.
Results: Of the included 5,243 adult COVID-19 patients, patients with severe COVID-19 had a
significantly lower platelet count, and higher D-dimer level, prothrombin time and fibrinogen level than
non-severe patients. Pooled mean differences in platelet count (-19.7×109/L, 95% confidence interval
[CI] -31.7 to -7.6), D-dimer level (0.8μg/mL, 95% CI 0.5–1.1), prothrombin time (0.4 second, 95%
CI 0.2–0.6) and fibrinogen level (0.6g/L, 95% CI 0.3–0.8) were significant between the groups. Platelet
count and D-dimer level were significant predictors of disease severity on meta-regression analysis.
Older men had higher risks of severe coagulopathic disease.
Conclusion: Significant variability in CIC exists between non-severe and severe patients, with platelet
count and D-dimer level correlating with disease severity. Routine monitoring of all coagulation
parameters may help to assess CIC and decide on the appropriate management.
Keywords: Coagulation parameters, coagulopathy, D-dimer, platelets
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Graeme MacLaren
- National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore
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11
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Cong Y, Li Q, Zhang X, Chen Y, Yu K. mTOR Promotes Tissue Factor Expression and Activity in EGFR-Mutant Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1615. [PMID: 32923403 PMCID: PMC7456926 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway mediates the function of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). We aimed to elucidate new role of mTOR in EGFR-mutant (EGFR-mut) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and glioblastoma (GBM) with a focus on tumor microenvironments. Here, we report a novel regulatory link between mTOR complexes (mTORCs) and tissue factor (TF), an initiator of tumor-derived thrombosis. TF is elevated in EGFR-mut NSCLC/GBM cell lines and tumors from patients with poor prognosis. Application of mTORC1/2 inhibitors (AZD8055, WYE-125132, MTI-31, and rapamycin) or genetic mTORC-depletion all reduced TF expression, which appeared to be differentially mediated depending on cellular context. In U87MG and HCC827 cells, mTORC1 exerted a dominant role via promoting TF mRNA transcription. In EGFR-TKI-resistant H1975 and PC9 cells, it was mTORC2 that played a major role in specific repression of lysosomal-targeted TF protein degradation. Successful inhibition of TF expression was demonstrated in AZD8055- or MTI-31-treated H1975 and U87MG tumors in mice, while a TF-targeted antibody antagonized TF activity without reducing TF protein. Both the mTOR- and TF-targeted therapy induced a multifaceted remodeling of tumor microenvironment reflecting not only a diminished hypercoagulopathy state (fibrin level) but also a reduced stromal fibrosis (collagen distribution), compromised vessel density and/or maturity (CD31 and/or α-SMA) as well as a substantially decreased infiltration of immune-suppressive M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (CD206/F4/80 ratio). Thus, our results have identified TF as a functional biomarker of mTOR. Downregulation of mTOR-TF axis activity likely contributes to the therapeutic mechanism of mTORC1/2- and TF-targeted agents in EGFR-mut advanced NSCLC and GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingrou Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuesai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ker Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Unruh D, Horbinski C. Beyond thrombosis: the impact of tissue factor signaling in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:93. [PMID: 32665005 PMCID: PMC7362520 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is the primary initiator of the coagulation cascade, though its effects extend well beyond hemostasis. When TF binds to Factor VII, the resulting TF:FVIIa complex can proteolytically cleave transmembrane G protein-coupled protease-activated receptors (PARs). In addition to activating PARs, TF:FVIIa complex can also activate receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and integrins. These signaling pathways are utilized by tumors to increase cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cancer stem-like cell maintenance. Herein, we review in detail the regulation of TF expression, mechanisms of TF signaling, their pathological consequences, and how it is being targeted in experimental cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusten Unruh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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13
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Garzón-Tituaña M, Arias MA, Sierra-Monzón JL, Morte-Romea E, Santiago L, Ramirez-Labrada A, Martinez-Lostao L, Paño-Pardo JR, Galvez EM, Pardo J. The Multifaceted Function of Granzymes in Sepsis: Some Facts and a Lot to Discover. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1054. [PMID: 32655547 PMCID: PMC7325996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious global health problem. In addition to a high incidence, this syndrome has a high mortality and is responsible for huge health expenditure. The pathophysiology of sepsis is very complex and it is not well-understood yet. However, it is widely accepted that the initial phase of sepsis is characterized by a hyperinflammatory response while the late phase is characterized by immunosuppression and immune anergy, increasing the risk of secondary infections. Granzymes (Gzms) are a family of serine proteases classified according to their cleavage specificity. Traditionally, it was assumed that all Gzms acted as cytotoxic proteases. However, recent evidence suggests that GzmB is the one with the greatest cytotoxic capacity, while the cytotoxicity of others such as GzmA and GzmK is not clear. Recent studies have found that GzmA, GzmB, GzmK, and GzmM act as pro-inflammatory mediators. Specially, solid evidences show that GzmA and GzmK function as extracellular proteases that regulate the inflammatory response irrespectively of its ability to induce cell death. Indeed, studies in animal models indicate that GzmA is involved in the cytokine release syndrome characteristic of sepsis. Moreover, the GZM family also could regulate other biological processes involved in sepsis pathophysiology like the coagulation cascade, platelet function, endothelial barrier permeability, and, in addition, could be involved in the immunosuppressive stage of sepsis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on the contribution of these novel functions of Gzms to sepsis and the new therapeutic opportunities emerging from targeting these proteases for the treatment of this serious health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Garzón-Tituaña
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - José L Sierra-Monzón
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Morte-Romea
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Llipsy Santiago
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ariel Ramirez-Labrada
- Nanotoxicology and Immunotoxicology Unit (UNATI), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Martinez-Lostao
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.,Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José R Paño-Pardo
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva M Galvez
- Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragon I + D Foundation (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Vieira ML, Herwald H, Nascimento ALTO. The interplay between host haemostatic systems and Leptospira spp. infections. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:121-135. [PMID: 32141788 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1735299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hemostasis is a defence mechanism that protects the integrity of the vascular system and is comprised of the coagulation cascade, fibrinolysis, platelet aggregation, and vascular endothelium. Besides the primary function in preserving the vascular integrity, the haemostatic system cooperates with immune and inflammatory processes to eliminate invading pathogens during microbial infections. Under pathological manifestations, hemostasis must therefore interact in a coordinated manner with inflammatory responses and immune reactions. Several pathogens can modulate these host-derived countermeasures by specifically targeting certain haemostatic components for their own benefit. Thus, the ability to modulate host defence systems has to be considered as an essential bacterial virulence mechanism. Complications that bacterial pathogens can induce are therefore often the consequence of evoked host responses. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms triggered in infectious processes may help to develop prophylactic methods and novel therapies for the patients suffering from a particular infectious disease. This review aims to provide a critical updated compiling of recent studies on how the pathogenic Leptospira can interact with and manipulate the host haemostatic systems and the consequences for leptospirosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Vieira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Heiko Herwald
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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15
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Wang L, Gong T, Brown Z, Gu Y, Teng K, Ye W, Ming W. Preparation of Ascidian-Inspired Hydrogel Thin Films to Selectively Induce Vascular Endothelial Cell and Smooth Muscle Cell Growth. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2068-2077. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingren Wang
- Engineering Center for Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8064, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States
| | - Tao Gong
- Engineering Center for Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Zachary Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8064, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States
| | - Yelian Gu
- Engineering Center for Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Kangwen Teng
- Engineering Center for Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Engineering Center for Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Weihua Ming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8064, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States
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16
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Abstract
The hemostatic cascade is initiated by the transmembrane coagulation protein - tissue factor (TF) and eventuates in fibrin formation. Heparanase protein was demonstrated to directly enhance TF activity resulting in increased activation of the coagulation system. In addition, heparanase was found to increase hemostatic system activation via two other mechanisms: up-regulating TF expression in endothelial cells and releasing the protein tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) from the cell surface. Peptides derived from TFPI-2, a protein similar to TFPI, were shown to inhibit the TF/heparanase complex as well as attenuate sepsis and tumor growth. Increased heparanase procoagulant activity was observed in several clinical settings, including women using oral contraceptives, women at delivery, patients following orthopedic surgery and patients with diabetic foot, shift work female nurses, patients with lung cancer, retinal vein thrombosis and prosthetic heart valve thrombosis. Remarkably, the heparanase profile was significantly different across the tested groups. Inhibition of TF / heparanase interaction may represent a new target for attenuating coagulation, cancer and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Nadir
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
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17
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Mohammadi Aria M, Erten A, Yalcin O. Technology Advancements in Blood Coagulation Measurements for Point-of-Care Diagnostic Testing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:395. [PMID: 31921804 PMCID: PMC6917661 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, blood coagulation monitoring has become crucial to diagnosing causes of hemorrhages, developing anticoagulant drugs, assessing bleeding risk in extensive surgery procedures and dialysis, and investigating the efficacy of hemostatic therapies. In this regard, advanced technologies such as microfluidics, fluorescent microscopy, electrochemical sensing, photoacoustic detection, and micro/nano electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) have been employed to develop highly accurate, robust, and cost-effective point of care (POC) devices. These devices measure electrochemical, optical, and mechanical parameters of clotting blood. Which can be correlated to light transmission/scattering, electrical impedance, and viscoelastic properties. In this regard, this paper discusses the working principles of blood coagulation monitoring, physical and sensing parameters in different technologies. In addition, we discussed the recent progress in developing nanomaterials for blood coagulation detection and treatments which opens up new area of controlling and monitoring of coagulation at the same time in the future. Moreover, commercial products, future trends/challenges in blood coagulation monitoring including novel anticoagulant therapies, multiplexed sensing platforms, and the application of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and monitoring have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmet Erten
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yalcin
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Koc University School of Medicine, Koc University, Sariyer, Turkey
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18
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Abstract
Influenza viruses infect the upper respiratory system, causing usually a self-limited disease with mild respiratory symptoms. Acute lung injury, pulmonary microvascular leakage and cardiovascular collapse may occur in severe cases, usually in the elderly or in immunocompromised patients. Acute lung injury is a syndrome associated with pulmonary oedema, hypoxaemia and respiratory failure. Influenza virus primarily binds to the epithelium, interfering with the epithelial sodium channel function. However, the main clinical devastating effects are caused by endothelial dysfunction, thought to be the main mechanism leading to pulmonary oedema, respiratory failure and cardiovascular collapse. A significant association was found between influenza infection and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The incidence of admission due to AMI during an acute viral infection was six times as high during the 7 days after laboratory confirmation of influenza infection as during the control interval (10-fold in influenza B, 5-fold in influenza A, 3.5-fold in respiratory syncytial virus and 2.7-fold for all other viruses). Our review will focus on the mechanisms responsible for endothelial dysfunction during influenza infection leading to cardiovascular collapse and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Peretz
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
- The Research Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
| | - M Azrad
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
- The Research Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
| | - A Blum
- The Research Institute, Baruch Padeh Medical Center
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine
- Vascular and Regenerative Research Laboratory, Bar-Ilan University, Galilee, Safed, Israel
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19
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Pontarollo G, Mann A, Brandão I, Malinarich F, Schöpf M, Reinhardt C. Protease-activated receptor signaling in intestinal permeability regulation. FEBS J 2019; 287:645-658. [PMID: 31495063 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a unique class of G-protein-coupled transmembrane receptors, which revolutionized the perception of proteases from degradative enzymes to context-specific signaling factors. Although PARs are traditionally known to affect several vascular responses, recent investigations have started to pinpoint the functional role of PAR signaling in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This organ is exposed to the highest number of proteases, either from the gut lumen or from the mucosa. Luminal proteases include the host's digestive enzymes and the proteases released by the commensal microbiota, while mucosal proteases entail extravascular clotting factors and the enzymes released from resident and infiltrating immune cells. Active proteases and, in case of a disrupted gut barrier, even entire microorganisms are capable to translocate the intestinal epithelium, particularly under inflammatory conditions. Especially PAR-1 and PAR-2, expressed throughout the GI tract, impact gut permeability regulation, a major factor affecting intestinal physiology and metabolic inflammation. In addition, PARs are critically involved in the onset of inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, and tumor progression. Due to the number of proteases involved and the multiple cell types affected, selective regulation of intestinal PARs represents an interesting therapeutic strategy. The analysis of tissue/cell-specific knockout animal models will be of crucial importance to unravel the intrinsic complexity of this signaling network. Here, we provide an overview on the implication of PARs in intestinal permeability regulation under physiologic and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pontarollo
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany
| | - Amrit Mann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany
| | - Inês Brandão
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany.,Centro de Apoio Tecnológico Agro Alimentar (CATAA), Zona Industrial de Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Frano Malinarich
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany
| | - Marie Schöpf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Gossart A, Letourneur D, Gand A, Regnault V, Ben Mlouka MA, Cosette P, Pauthe E, Ollivier V, Santerre JP. Mitigation of monocyte driven thrombosis on cobalt chrome surfaces in contact with whole blood by thin film polar/hydrophobic/ionic polyurethane coatings. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119306. [PMID: 31271854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are active at the crossroads between inflammation and coagulation processes since they can secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and express tissue factor (TF), a major initiator of coagulation. Cobalt-chrome (CoCr), a metal alloy, used as a biomaterial for vascular stents, has been shown to be potentially pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory. Research work with a polymer from a family of degradable-polar hydrophobic ionic polyurethanes (D-PHI), called HHHI, has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory responses from human monocytes. We have generated multifunctional polyurethane thin films (MPTF) based on the HHHI chemistry, as a thin coating for CoCr and have evaluated the reactivity of blood with MPTF-coated CoCr. The results showed that the coating of CoCr with MPTF derived from HHHI prevents thrombin generation, reduces coagulation activation, and suppresses fibrin formation in whole blood. Activation of monocytes was also suppressed at the surface of MPTF-coated CoCr and specifically the decrease in thrombin generation was accompanied by a significant decrease in TF and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Mass spectroscopy of the adsorbed proteins showed lower levels of fibrinogen, fibronectin and complement C3, C4, and C8 when compared to CoCr. We can conclude that MPTFs reduce the pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory phenotype of monocytes and macrophages on CoCr, and prevent clotting in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gossart
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS), Inserm U1148, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules (ERRMECe), Biomaterial for Health Research Group, Institut des Matériaux, Maison International de la Recherche, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 95000 Neuville sur Oise, France; Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rodgers Centre for Heart Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME) and the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Didier Letourneur
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS), Inserm U1148, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Gand
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules (ERRMECe), Biomaterial for Health Research Group, Institut des Matériaux, Maison International de la Recherche, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 95000 Neuville sur Oise, France
| | | | - Mohamed Amine Ben Mlouka
- Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, UMR 6270 CNRS, PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Pascal Cosette
- Polymers, Biopolymers, Surface Laboratory, UMR 6270 CNRS, PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Emmanuel Pauthe
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules (ERRMECe), Biomaterial for Health Research Group, Institut des Matériaux, Maison International de la Recherche, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 95000 Neuville sur Oise, France
| | - Véronique Ollivier
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS), Inserm U1148, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France.
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rodgers Centre for Heart Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME) and the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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21
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Hawthorn A, Bulmer AC, Mosawy S, Keogh S. Implications for maintaining vascular access device patency and performance: Application of science to practice. J Vasc Access 2019; 20:461-470. [DOI: 10.1177/1129729818820200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:Vascular access devices are commonly inserted devices that facilitate the administration of fluids and drugs, as well as blood sampling. Despite their common use in clinical settings, these devices are prone to occlusion and failure, requiring replacement and exposing the patient to ongoing discomfort/pain, local vessel inflammation and risk of infection. A range of insertion and maintenance strategies are employed to optimize device performance; however, the evidence base for many of these mechanisms is limited and the mechanisms contributing to the failure of these devices are largely unknown.Aims/objectives:(1) To revisit existing understanding of blood, vessel physiology and biological fluid dynamics; (2) develop an understanding of the implications that different clinical practices have on vessel health, and (3) apply these understandings to vascular access device research and practice.Method:Narrative review of biomedical and bioengineering studies related to vascular access practice.Results/outcomes:Current vascular access device insertion and maintenance practice and policy are variable with limited clinical evidence to support the theoretical assumptions underpinning these regimens. This review demonstrates the physiological response to vascular access device insertion, flushing and infusion on the vein, blood components and blood flow. These appear to be associated with changes in intravascular fluid dynamics. Variable forces are at play that impact blood componentry and the endothelium. These may explain the mechanisms contributing to vascular access failure.Conclusion:This review provides an update to our current knowledge and understanding of vascular physiology and the hemodynamic response, challenging some previously held assumptions regarding vascular access device maintenance, which require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hawthorn
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew C Bulmer
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sapha Mosawy
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Samantha Keogh
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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22
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Factor VIIa. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Pathophysiology of Acute Illness and Injury. OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES AND RECENT ADVANCES IN ACUTE CARE AND EMERGENCY SURGERY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7122041 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95114-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of acute illness and injury recognizes three main effectors: infection, trauma, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Each of them can act by itself or in combination with the other two in developing a systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome (SIRS) that is a generalized reaction to the morbid event. The time course of SIRS is variable and influenced by the number and severity of subsequent insults (e.g., reparative surgery, acquired hospital infections). It occurs simultaneously with a complex of counter-regulatory mechanisms (compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome, CARS) that limit the aggressive effects of SIRS. In adjunct, a progressive dysfunction of the acquired (lymphocytes) immune system develops with increased risk for immunoparalysis and associated infectious complications. Both humoral and cellular effectors participate to the development of SIRS and CARS. The most important humoral mediators are pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines and chemokines, complement, leukotrienes, and PAF. Effector cells include neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells. The endothelium is a key factor for production of remote organ damage as it exerts potent chemo-attracting effects on inflammatory cells, allows for leukocyte trafficking into tissues and organs, and promotes further inflammation by cytokines release. Moreover, the loss of vasoregulatory properties and the increased permeability contribute to the development of hypotension and tissue edema. Finally, the disseminated activation of the coagulation cascade causes the widespread deposition of microthrombi with resulting maldistribution of capillary blood flow and ultimately hypoxic cellular damage. This mechanism together with increased vascular permeability and vasodilation is responsible for the development of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
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Addi T, Poitevin S, McKay N, El Mecherfi KE, Kheroua O, Jourde-Chiche N, de Macedo A, Gondouin B, Cerini C, Brunet P, Dignat-George F, Burtey S, Dou L. Mechanisms of tissue factor induction by the uremic toxin indole-3 acetic acid through aryl hydrocarbon receptor/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway in human endothelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:121-136. [PMID: 30324315 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with high risk of thrombosis. Indole-3 acetic acid (IAA), an indolic uremic toxin, induces the expression of tissue factor (TF) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) via the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). This study aimed to understand the signaling pathways involved in AhR-mediated TF induction by IAA. We incubated human endothelial cells with IAA at 50 µM, the maximal concentration found in patients with CKD. IAA induced TF expression in different types of human endothelial cells: umbilical vein (HUVEC), aortic (HAoEC), and cardiac-derived microvascular (HMVEC-C). Using AhR inhibition and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we showed that TF induction by IAA in HUVEC was controlled by AhR and that AhR did not bind to the TF promoter. The analysis of TF promoter activity using luciferase reporter plasmids showed that the NF-κB site was essential in TF induction by IAA. In addition, TF induction by IAA was drastically decreased by an inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway. IAA induced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p50 subunit, which was decreased by AhR and p38MAPK inhibition. Finally, in a cohort of 92 CKD patients on hemodialysis, circulating TF was independently related to serum IAA in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, TF up-regulation by IAA in human endothelial cells involves a non-genomic AhR/p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway. The understanding of signal transduction pathways related to AhR thrombotic/inflammatory pathway is of interest to find therapeutic targets to reduce TF expression and thrombotic risk in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfik Addi
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Département de Biologie, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, LPNSA, Oran, Algeria
| | - Stéphane Poitevin
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie McKay
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Kamel Eddine El Mecherfi
- Département de Biologie, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, LPNSA, Oran, Algeria
- Université Mohamed Boudiaf USTO, Dpt génétique Moléculaire Appliquée (GMA), Oran, Algeria
| | - Omar Kheroua
- Département de Biologie, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, LPNSA, Oran, Algeria
| | - Noémie Jourde-Chiche
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Alix de Macedo
- Service de Pédiatrie-Néonatologie, Hôpital Fondation Saint Joseph, Marseille, France
| | | | - Claire Cerini
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brunet
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Burtey
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Dou
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
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25
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Knabl L, Berktold M, Hamad OA, Fromell K, Chatterjee S, Speth C, Talasz H, Lindner K, Hermann M, Nilsson-Ekdahl K, Nilsson B, Streif W, Martini J, Würzner R, Orth-Höller D. Shiga toxin 2a binds antithrombin and heparin, but does not directly activate platelets. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:969-976. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Naito T, Yorioka N, Kyuden Y, Yamashita K, Ueda C, Usui K, Shigemoto K, Harada S, Yamakido M. A Case of Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome Diagnosed after Thrombosis of an Arteriovenous Shunt. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889902200804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 32-year-old male dialysis patient with lupus nephritis was admitted because of shunt obstruction. The arteriovenous fistula was reconstructed, but obstruction recurred twice within several hours after surgery. A high blood level of anticardiolipin β2-glycoprotein I antibody suggested that shunt obstruction was caused by a thrombotic tendency related to the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Accordingly, for the third shunt procedure, antiplatelet therapy (which had been commenced for systemic lupus erythematosus) was combined with dalteparin sodium from before surgery and warfarin was added postoperatively. This regimen prevented shunt obstruction. In conclusion, hemodialysis patients who suffer repeated shunt obstruction should be examined for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Naito
- Ichiyokai Harada Hospital, Hiroshima City - Japan
| | - N. Yorioka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima City - Japan
| | - Y. Kyuden
- Ichiyokai Harada Hospital, Hiroshima City - Japan
| | - K. Yamashita
- Ichiyokai Harada Hospital, Hiroshima City - Japan
| | - C. Ueda
- Ichiyokai Harada Hospital, Hiroshima City - Japan
| | - K. Usui
- Ichiyokai Harada Hospital, Hiroshima City - Japan
| | - K. Shigemoto
- Ichiyokai Harada Hospital, Hiroshima City - Japan
| | - S. Harada
- Ichiyokai Harada Hospital, Hiroshima City - Japan
| | - M. Yamakido
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima City - Japan
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Hu Z. Therapeutic Antibody-Like Immunoconjugates against Tissue Factor with the Potential to Treat Angiogenesis-Dependent as Well as Macrophage-Associated Human Diseases. Antibodies (Basel) 2018; 7:8. [PMID: 31105982 PMCID: PMC6519474 DOI: 10.3390/antib7010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that tissue factor (TF) is selectively expressed in pathological angiogenesis-dependent as well as macrophage-associated human diseases. Pathological angiogenesis, the formation of neovasculature, is involved in many clinically significant human diseases, notably cancer, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), endometriosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Macrophage is involved in the progression of a variety of human diseases, such as atherosclerosis and viral infections (human immunodeficiency virus, HIV and Ebola). It is well documented that TF is selectively expressed on angiogenic vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in these pathological angiogenesis-dependent human diseases and on disease-associated macrophages. Under physiology condition, TF is not expressed by quiescent VECs and monocytes but is solely restricted on some cells (such as pericytes) that are located outside of blood circulation and the inner layer of blood vessel walls. Here, we summarize TF expression on angiogenic VECs, macrophages and other diseased cell types in these human diseases. In cancer, for example, the cancer cells also overexpress TF in solid cancers and leukemia. Moreover, our group recently reported that TF is also expressed by cancer-initiating stem cells (CSCs) and can serve as a novel oncotarget for eradication of CSCs without drug resistance. Furthermore, we review and discuss two generations of TF-targeting therapeutic antibody-like immunoconjugates (ICON and L-ICON1) and antibody-drug conjugates that are currently being tested in preclinical and clinical studies for the treatment of some of these human diseases. If efficacy and safety are proven in current and future clinical trials, TF-targeting immunoconjugates may provide novel therapeutic approaches with potential to broadly impact the treatment regimen of these significant angiogenesis-dependent, as well as macrophage-associated, human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Hu
- Department of Surgery Division of Surgical Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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28
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Prinz N, Clemens N, Canisius A, Lackner K. Endosomal NADPH-oxidase is critical for induction of the tissue factor gene in monocytes and endothelial cells. Thromb Haemost 2017; 109:525-31. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-06-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAntiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been shown to induce tissue factor (TF) expression in monocytes and endothelial cells. However, the underlying signal transduction has been more or less elusive in the past. We have recently shown that aPL enter the lysosomal route in monocytes and dendritic cells, and subsequently activate endosomal NADPH-oxidase (NOX). The generation of superoxide which is dismutated to hydrogen peroxide upregulates the intracellular toll like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8, and leads to robust production of inflammatory cytokines. Here we show that induction of TF by aPL follows the same signaling pathway. Inhibition of endosomal NOX by the anion channel blocker niflumic acid or capture of superoxide by the radical scavenger N-acetylcysteine blocks TF induction by aPL. Furthermore, monocytes from mice deficient in NOX2 do not increase TF surface expression in response to aPL, while cells from mice deficient in glutathione peroxidase- 1 (GPx-1) show an increased response. Unexpectedly, also induction of TF by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)⍺ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was strongly dependent on the activation of endosomal NOX. While TNF⍺ apparently depends almost fully on endosomal NOX, signalling of LPS is only partially dependent on this pathway. These data provide further insight into the well-known role of reactive oxygen species in the induction of TF expression and suggest that endosomal signalling may represent a central coordinating point in this process.
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miR-19a and miR-20a and Tissue Factor Expression in Activated Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. THROMBOSIS 2017; 2017:1076397. [PMID: 29214079 PMCID: PMC5682915 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1076397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims To investigate the behaviour of miR-19a and miR-20a, two microRNAs involved in posttranscriptional modulation of TF expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) exposed to high glucose (HG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to evaluate the involvement of angiotensin II in that process. Methods TF Procoagulant Activity (PCA, one-stage clotting assay), antigen (Ag, ELISA), and miR-19a and miR-20a levels (specific TaqMan® MicroRNA Assays) were evaluated in PBMCs exposed to high glucose (HG, 50 mM), LPS (100 ng/mL), and Olmesartan (OLM, 10−6 M), an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. Results HG increased TF expression and decreased both miRs as compared to control glucose conditions (11.1 mM). In HG-activated PBMCs, LPS stimulated TF expression and downregulated miR-20a, an effect reverted by OLM (10−6 M); miR-19a expression was unchanged by LPS in both CG and HG conditions. Conclusions miR-19a and miR-20a are inhibited by inflammatory stimuli active on TF expression and their response differs by the stimulus under investigation; angiotensin II may participate in that mechanism.
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30
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Guarda CCD, Santiago RP, Fiuza LM, Aleluia MM, Ferreira JRD, Figueiredo CVB, Yahouedehou SCMA, Oliveira RMD, Lyra IM, Gonçalves MDS. Heme-mediated cell activation: the inflammatory puzzle of sickle cell anemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:533-541. [PMID: 28482712 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1327809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hemolysis triggers the onset of several clinical manifestations of sickle cell anemia (SCA). During hemolysis, heme, which is derived from hemoglobin (Hb), accumulates due to the inability of detoxification systems to scavenge sufficiently. Heme exerts multiple harmful effects, including leukocyte activation and migration, enhanced adhesion molecule expression by endothelial cells and the production of pro-oxidant molecules. Area covered: In this review, we describe the effects of heme on leukocytes and endothelial cells, as well as the features of vascular endothelial cells related to vaso-occlusion in SCA. Expert commentary: Free Hb, heme and iron, potent cytotoxic intravascular molecules released during hemolysis, can exacerbate, modulate and maintain the inflammatory response, a main feature of SCA. Endothelial cells in the vascular environment, as well as leukocytes, can become activated via the molecular signaling effects of heme. Due to the hemolytic nature of SCA, hemolysis represents an interesting therapeutic target for heme-scavenging purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Conceição da Guarda
- a Laboratório de Hematologia, Genética e Biologia Computacional , Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ , Salvador , Bahia , Brasil
| | - Rayra Pereira Santiago
- a Laboratório de Hematologia, Genética e Biologia Computacional , Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ , Salvador , Bahia , Brasil
| | - Luciana Magalhães Fiuza
- a Laboratório de Hematologia, Genética e Biologia Computacional , Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ , Salvador , Bahia , Brasil
| | - Milena Magalhães Aleluia
- a Laboratório de Hematologia, Genética e Biologia Computacional , Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ , Salvador , Bahia , Brasil
| | - Júnia Raquel Dutra Ferreira
- a Laboratório de Hematologia, Genética e Biologia Computacional , Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ , Salvador , Bahia , Brasil.,b Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal da Bahia , Salvador , Bahia , Brasil
| | - Camylla Vilas Boas Figueiredo
- a Laboratório de Hematologia, Genética e Biologia Computacional , Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ , Salvador , Bahia , Brasil
| | | | | | - Isa Menezes Lyra
- c Hematologia, Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Estado da Bahia , Salvador , Bahia , Brasil
| | - Marilda de Souza Gonçalves
- a Laboratório de Hematologia, Genética e Biologia Computacional , Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ , Salvador , Bahia , Brasil.,b Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal da Bahia , Salvador , Bahia , Brasil
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31
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Wanderling C, Liles J, Finkler E, Carlsgaard P, Hopkinson W, Guler N, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J. Dysregulation of Tissue Factor, Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor, and Fibrinogen in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2017; 23:967-972. [PMID: 28345356 DOI: 10.1177/1076029617700998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) of the hip or knee (THA, TKA) has become an increasingly common procedure. While TJA is a successful treatment for individuals experiencing degenerative joint diseases, it is well known that one of the most common perioperative complications of TJA is deep venous thrombosis (DVT). To profile tissue factor (TF), microparticle-tissue factor (MP-TF), thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), and fibrinogen levels in patients undergoing TJA to determine potential preexisting Hemostatic dysregulation. De-identified blood samples were obtained from patients undergoing TJA 1 day pre- and 1 day postprocedure. Plasma samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for fibrinogen, TAFI, TF, and MP-TF; fibrinogen levels were also assessed using a clot-based activity assay. In comparison with healthy controls, there were significant increases of fibrinogen and MP-TF levels, while there were significant decreases in TF and TAFI levels in the preoperative and postoperative patients. Comparing the pre versus postoperative patients, no significant differences were found; interestingly, however, surgical intervention exacerbated the changes found in the preoperative samples compared to the controls. The results of this study confirm that patients undergoing TJA have preexisting alterations in the fibrinolytic system. Surgical intervention tended to exacerbate these changes. The alterations observed in this study may provide insight as to why TJA is associated with higher rates of DVT and thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Liles
- 1 Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Elissa Finkler
- 2 Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Peter Carlsgaard
- 1 Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - William Hopkinson
- 2 Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Nil Guler
- 3 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- 3 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- 3 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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Scalise V, Balia C, Cianchetti S, Neri T, Carnicelli V, Zucchi R, Franzini M, Corti A, Paolicchi A, Celi A, Pedrinelli R. Non enzymatic upregulation of tissue factor expression by gamma-glutamyl transferase in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Thromb J 2016; 14:45. [PMID: 27822142 PMCID: PMC5096335 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-016-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Besides maintaining intracellular glutathione stores, gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT) generates reactive oxygen species and activates NFkB, a redox-sensitive transcription factor key in the induction of Tissue Factor (TF) gene expression, the principal initiator of the clotting cascade. Thus, GGT might be involved in TF-mediated coagulation processes, an assumption untested insofar. Methods Experiments were run with either equine, enzymatically active GGT or human recombinant (hr) GGT, a wheat germ-derived protein enzymatically inert because of missing post-translational glycosylation. TF Procoagulant Activity (PCA, one-stage clotting assay), TF antigen(ELISA) and TFmRNA(real-time PCR) were assessed in unpooled human peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) suspensions obtained from healthy donors through discontinuous Ficoll/Hystopaque density gradient. Results Equine GGT increased PCA, an effect insensitive to GGT inhibition by acivicin suggesting mechanisms independent of its enzymatic activity, a possibility confirmed by the maintained stimulation in response to hrGGT, an enzymatically inactive molecule. Endotoxin(LPS) contamination of GGT preparations was excluded by heat inactivation studies and direct determination(LAL method) of LPS concentrations <0.1 ng/mL practically devoid of procoagulant effect. Inhibition by anti-GGT antibodies corroborated that conclusion. Upregulation by hrGGT of TF antigen and mRNA and its downregulation by BAY-11-7082, a NFkB inhibitor, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, an antioxidant, was consistent with a NFkB-driven, redox-sensitive transcriptional site of action. Conclusions GGT upregulates TF expression independent of its enzymatic activity, a cytokine-like behaviour mediated by NFκB activation, a mechanism contributing to promote acute thrombotic events, a possibility in need, however, of further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Scalise
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Balia
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvana Cianchetti
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Neri
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnicelli
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Franzini
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aldo Paolicchi
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Celi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Pedrinelli
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Saeki A, Suzuki T, Hasebe A, Kamezaki R, Fujita M, Nakazawa F, Shibata KI. Activation of nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor containing protein 3 inflammasome in dendritic cells and macrophages by Streptococcus sanguinis. Cell Microbiol 2016; 19. [PMID: 27601185 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus sanguinis is frequently isolated from the blood of patients with infective endocarditis and contributes to the pathology of this disease through induction of interleukin (IL)-1β responsible for the development of the disease. However, the mechanism of IL-1β induction remains unknown. In this study, S. sanguinis activated a murine dendritic cell (DC) to induce IL-1β and this activity was attenuated by silencing the mRNAs of nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and caspase-1. S. sanguinis induced IL-1β production in murine bone marrow-derived macrophage, but this activity was significantly reduced in bone marrow-derived macrophages from NLRP3-, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain-, and caspase-1-deficient mice. DC phagocytosed S. sanguinis cells, followed by the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The ATP-degradating enzyme attenuated the release of ATP and IL-1β. The inhibitors for ATP receptor reduced IL-1β release in DC. These results strongly suggest that S. sanguinis has the activity to induce IL-1β through the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophage and DC and interaction of purinergic receptors with ATP released is involved in expression of the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Saeki
- Division of Oral Molecular Microbiology, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, 903-0125, Japan.,Department of Bacterial Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Hasebe
- Division of Oral Molecular Microbiology, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Ryousuke Kamezaki
- Division of Oral Molecular Microbiology, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Mari Fujita
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Futoshi Nakazawa
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Shibata
- Division of Oral Molecular Microbiology, Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8586, Japan
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Increased circulating procoagulant and anticoagulant factors as TF and TFPI according to severity or infecting serotypes in human dengue infection. Microbes Infect 2016; 19:62-68. [PMID: 27592310 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue Factor (TF) is the initiator of coagulation and Tissue Factor Inhibitor (TFPI) is the physiological inhibitor of the TF/FVIIa complex. Circulating levels of TF and TFPI were quantified in dengue patients and the relationships with disease severity and infecting serotype analysed. A significant decrease in TF and TPFI plasma levels was observed in mild DF patients compared with severe dengue. Furthermore, both factors were associated with haemorrhagic manifestations. Finally, TF levels were significantly increased in DENV-1/2 infected patients as compared with DENV-4. These findings suggest that activation of TF-pathway is an important component of DENV -related coagulation disorders.
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Balia C, Scalise V, Cianchetti S, Faita F, Neri T, Carnicelli V, Zucchi R, Celi A, Pedrinelli R. The effect of high glucose on the inhibitory action of C21, a selective AT2R agonist, of LPS-stimulated tissue factor expression in human mononuclear cells. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2016; 13:14. [PMID: 27152091 PMCID: PMC4857424 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Intimate links connect tissue factor (TF), the principal initiator of the clotting cascade, to inflammation, a cross-talk amplified by locally generated Angiotensin (AT) II, the effector arm of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS). C21, a selective AT2R agonist, downregulates the transcriptional expression of TF in LPS-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC)s implying the existence of ATII type 2 receptor (AT2R)s whose stimulation attenuates inflammation-mediated procoagulant responses. High glucose, by activating key signalling pathways and increasing the cellular content of RAS components, augments TF expression and potentiates the inhibitory effect of AT1R antagonists. It is unknown, however, the impact of that stimulus on AT2R-mediated TF inhibition, an information useful to understand more precisely the role of that signal transduction pathway in the inflammation-mediated coagulation process. TF antigen (ELISA), procoagulant activity (PCA, 1-stage clotting assay) and TF-mRNA (real-time polymerase chain reaction) were assessed in PBMCs activated by LPS, a pro-inflammatory and procoagulant stimulus, exposed to either normal (N) or HG concentrations (5.5 and 50 mM respectively). Results HG upregulated TF expression, an effect abolished by BAY 11-7082, a NFκB inhibitor. C21 inhibited LPS-stimulated PCA, TFAg and mRNA to an extent independent of glucose concentration but the response to Olmesartan, an AT1R antagonist, was quite evidently potentiated by HG. Conclusions HG stimulates LPS-induced TF expression through mechanisms completely dependent upon NFkB activation. Both AT2R-stimulation and AT1R-blockade downregulate inflammation-mediated procoagulant response in PBMCs but HG impacts differently on the two different signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Balia
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Scalise
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvana Cianchetti
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Faita
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Neri
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carnicelli
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zucchi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Celi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Pedrinelli
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Chang CY, Chen JY, Chen SH, Cheng TJ, Lin MT, Hu ML. Therapeutic treatment with ascorbate rescues mice from heat stroke-induced death by attenuating systemic inflammatory response and hypothalamic neuronal damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 93:84-93. [PMID: 26703968 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The impact of ascorbate on oxidative stress-related diseases is moderate because of its limited oral bioavailability and rapid clearance. However, recent evidence of the clinical benefit of parenteral vitamin C administration has emerged, especially in critical care. Heatstroke is defined as a form of excessive hyperthermia associated with a systemic inflammatory response that results in multiple organ dysfunctions in which central nervous system disorders such as delirium, convulsions, and coma are predominant. The thermoregulatory, immune, coagulation and tissue injury responses of heatstroke closely resemble those observed during sepsis and are likely mediated by similar cellular mechanisms. This study was performed by using the characteristic high lethality rate and sepsis-mimic systemic inflammatory response of a murine model of heat stroke to test our hypothesis that supra-physiological doses of ascorbate may have therapeutic use in critical care. We demonstrated that parenteral administration of ascorbate abrogated the lethality and thermoregulatory dysfunction in murine model of heat stroke by attenuating heat stroke-induced accelerated systemic inflammatory, coagulation responses and the resultant multiple organ injury, especially in hypothalamus. Overall, our findings support the hypothesis and notion that supra-physiological doses of ascorbate may have therapeutic use in critical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, 901 Chung-Hwa Road, Yong kang, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Food Science and Applied Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 1 Nan-Tai Street, Yong kang, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Tain-Junn Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, 901 Chung-Hwa Road, Yong kang, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of the Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Lin Hu
- Department of Food Science and Applied Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Ketter P, Yu JJ, Cap AP, Forsthuber T, Arulanandam B. Pentraxin 3: an immune modulator of infection and useful marker for disease severity assessment in sepsis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:501-7. [PMID: 26982005 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1166957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The acute phase protein pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a pattern recognition receptor involved in regulation of the host immune response. This relatively newly discovered member of the pentraxin superfamily elicits both immunostimulatory and immunoregulatory functions preventing autoimmune pathology and orchestrated clearance of pathogens through opsonization of damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMP/PAMP). Thus, PTX3 has been described as a possible evolutionary precursor to immunoglobulins. While shown to provide protection against specific bacterial and fungal pathogens, persistent elevation of PTX3 levels following initial onset of infection appear to predict poor patient outcome and may contribute to disease sequelae such as tissue damage and coagulopathy. Measurement of PTX3 following onset of sepsis may improve patient risk assessment and thus be useful in guiding subsequent therapeutic interventions including steroidal anti-inflammatory and altered antibiotic therapies. In this review, we summarize the role of PTX3 in inflammatory syndromes and its utility as a marker of sepsis disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ketter
- a Blood and Coagulation Program , United States Army Institute of Surgical Research , JBSA-Fort Sam Houston , TX , USA
| | - Jieh-Juen Yu
- b Department of Biology , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Andrew P Cap
- a Blood and Coagulation Program , United States Army Institute of Surgical Research , JBSA-Fort Sam Houston , TX , USA
| | - Thomas Forsthuber
- b Department of Biology , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Bernard Arulanandam
- b Department of Biology , University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
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Okamoto K, Tamura T, Sawatsubashi Y. Sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. J Intensive Care 2016; 4:23. [PMID: 27011792 PMCID: PMC4804491 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-016-0149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is frequently complicated by coagulopathy and, in about 35 % of severe cases, by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In Japan, aggressive treatment of septic DIC is encouraged using antithrombin and recombinant thrombomodulin. The macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils are a source of TF and participate in the direct activation of the coagulation cascade in the early phases of sepsis. And activated factor X (FXa), which is involved in hemostasis, thrombogenesis, inflammation, and cellular immune responses, induces TF expression in human peripheral monocytes and, conversely, that inhibition of FXa activity reduces TF expression. Both inflammation and coagulation play an important role in DIC due to sepsis. In addition to inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1 and so on), HMGB1 has recently been shown to mediate the lethal late phase of sepsis and caused coagulopathy. TM not only binds HMGB1 but also aids the proteolytic cleavage of HMGB1 by thrombin. There have been many reports of the efficacy of recombinant TM and antithrombin for treatment of septic DIC from Japan. Further investigation of the efficacy of recombinant TM and AT in countries other than Japan, as well as the monitoring of medical costs incurred during hospitalization, will help validate the use of TM and AT for treatment of septic DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Kitakyushu City Yahata Hospital, 4-18-1 Nishihon-machi, Yahatahigashi-ku, Kitakyushu 805-8534 Japan ; Department of Surgery 1, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseiogaka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555 Japan
| | - Toshihisa Tamura
- Department of Surgery 1, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseiogaka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555 Japan
| | - Yusuke Sawatsubashi
- Department of Surgery 1, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseiogaka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555 Japan
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Swanepoel AC, Nielsen VG, Pretorius E. Viscoelasticity and Ultrastructure in Coagulation and Inflammation: Two Diverse Techniques, One Conclusion. Inflammation 2015; 38:1707-26. [PMID: 25772112 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The process of blood clotting has been studied for centuries. A synopsis of current knowledge pertaining to haemostasis and the blood components, including platelets and fibrin networks which are closely involved in coagulation, are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on tissue factor (TF), calcium and thrombin since these components have been implicated in both the coagulation process and inflammation. Analysis of platelets and fibrin morphology indicate that calcium, tissue factor and thrombin at concentrations used during viscoelastic analysis (with thromboelastography or TEG) bring about alterations in platelet and fibrin network ultrastructure, which is similar to that seen in inflammation. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that, when investigating platelet structure in disease, addition of TF, calcium or thrombin will mask disease-induced alterations associated with platelet activation. Therefore, washed platelets without any additives is preferred for morphological analysis. Furthermore, morphological and viscoelastic analysis confirmed that thrombin activation is the preferred method of fibrin activation when investigating fibrin network ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albe C Swanepoel
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x323, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa,
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Compound 21, a selective angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist, downregulates lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tissue factor expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2015; 25:501-6. [PMID: 24914880 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intricate interrelationships connect tissue factor (TF), the principal initiator of the clotting cascade, to inflammation, a cross-talk amplified by locally active angiotensin II, a proinflammatory agent with direct TF-stimulating properties mediated by the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)s. However, angiotensin II also stimulates angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R)s and they may as well contribute to TF expression, a possibility in need of further evaluation. We investigated the effect of C21, a highly specific AT2R agonist, on TF antigen (ELISA), procoagulant activity (PCA, one-stage clotting assay) and TF-mRNA (real-time PCR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)s activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a pro-inflammatory and procoagulant stimulus. C21 downregulated LPS-stimulated TF antigen, PCA and TF mRNA, an effect abolished by PD123 319, a selective AT2R antagonist, and left unchanged by omesartan, a selective AT1R antagonist. PD123 319 per se did not affect LPS-induced TF expression while omesartan inhibited and BAY 11-7082, a specific NFκB inhibitor, abolished endotoxin-activated procoagulant activity (PCA). C21, a selective AT2R agonist, downregulates the transcriptional expression of TF in LPS-activated PBMCs, a finding consistent with the existence in PBMCs of AT2Rs whose stimulation attenuates inflammation-mediated procoagulant responses. The data open insofar unexplored and potentially relevant facets to our understanding of the complex links connecting angiotensin II to inflammation and coagulation.
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Abstract
The plasma coagulation system in mammalian blood consists of a cascade of enzyme activation events in which serine proteases activate the proteins (proenzymes and procofactors) in the next step of the cascade via limited proteolysis. The ultimate outcome is the polymerization of fibrin and the activation of platelets, leading to a blood clot. This process is protective, as it prevents excessive blood loss following injury (normal hemostasis). Unfortunately, the blood clotting system can also lead to unwanted blood clots inside blood vessels (pathologic thrombosis), which is a leading cause of disability and death in the developed world. There are two main mechanisms for triggering the blood clotting, termed the tissue factor pathway and the contact pathway. Only one of these pathways (the tissue factor pathway) functions in normal hemostasis. Both pathways, however, are thought to contribute to thrombosis. An emerging concept is that the contact pathway functions in host pathogen defenses. This review focuses on how the initiation phase of the blood clotting cascade is regulated in both pathways, with a discussion of the contributions of these pathways to hemostasis versus thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Smith
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Richard J Travers
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - James H Morrissey
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
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Reynard O, Escudero-Perez B, Volchkov V. [Haemostasis dysregulation in filovirus infections]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:143-50. [PMID: 25744260 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Filoviruses are responsible for highly lethal infections. Those viruses are found in intertropical areas of Africa and Asia where they circulate in their supposed natural reservoir, fruit bats. During filovirus outbreaks and depending on the strains, various modifications in hemostasis have been observed in patients. The disseminated intravascular coagulation identified in these infections is multicausal and involves both viral factors and abnormal physiological responses. In this review we will describe the mechanisms responsible for these disturbances and we will highlight some aspects of the basis of filovirus high pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Reynard
- CIRI (centre international de recherche en infectiologie), Inserm U1111, laboratoire bases moléculaires de la pathogénicité virale, 21, avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Beatriz Escudero-Perez
- CIRI (centre international de recherche en infectiologie), Inserm U1111, laboratoire bases moléculaires de la pathogénicité virale, 21, avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Viktor Volchkov
- CIRI (centre international de recherche en infectiologie), Inserm U1111, laboratoire bases moléculaires de la pathogénicité virale, 21, avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Admission hypocoagulability has been associated with negative outcomes after trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of hypercoagulability after trauma on the need for blood product transfusion and mortality. METHODS Injured patients meeting our level I trauma center's highest activation criteria had a thromboelastography (TEG) performed at admission, +1 h, +2 h, and +6 h using citrated blood. Hypercoagulability was defined as any TEG parameter in the hypercoagulable range, and hypocoagulability as any parameter in the hypocoagulable range. Patients were followed up prospectively throughout their hospital course. RESULTS A total of 118 patients were enrolled: 26.3% (n = 31) were hypercoagulable, 55.9% (n = 66) had a normal TEG profile, and 17.8% (n = 21) were hypocoagulable. After adjusting for differences in demographics and clinical data, hypercoagulable patients were less likely to require un-cross-matched blood (11.1% for hypercoagulable vs. 20.4% for normal vs. 45.7% for hypocoagulable, adjusted P = 0.004). Hypercoagulable patients required less total blood products, in particular, plasma at 6 h (0.1 [SD, 0.4] U for hypercoagulable vs. 0.7 [SD, 1.9] U for normal vs. 4.3 [SD, 6.3] U for hypocoagulable, adjusted P < 0.001) and 24 h (0.2 [SD, 0.6] U for hypercoagulable vs. 1.1 [SD, 2.9] U for normal vs. 8.2 [SD, 19.3] U for hypocoagulable, adjusted P < 0.001). Hypercoagulable patients had lower 24-h mortality (0.0% vs. 5.5% vs. 27.8%, adjusted P < 0.001) and 7-day mortality (0.0% vs. 5.5% vs. 36.1%, adjusted P < 0.001). Bleeding-related deaths were less likely in the hypercoagulable group (0.0% vs. 1.8% vs. 25.0%, adjusted P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Approximately a quarter of trauma patients presented in a hypercoagulable state. Hypercoagulable patients required less blood products, in particular plasma. They also had a lower 24-h and 7-day mortality and lower rates of bleeding-related deaths. Further evaluation of the mechanism responsible for the hypercoagulable state and its implications on outcome is warranted.
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Involvement of neutrophils in thrombus formation in living mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 62:1-9. [PMID: 24485849 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is one of the major causes of human death worldwide. Identification of the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to thrombus formation is thus crucial for the understanding of the thrombotic process. To examine thrombus formation in a living mouse, new technologies have been developed. Digital intravital microscopy allows to visualize the development of thrombosis and generation of fibrin in real-time within living animal in a physiological context. This specific system allowed the identification of new cellular partners involved in platelet adhesion and activation. Furthermore, it improved, especially, the knowledge of the early phase of thrombus formation and fibrin generation in vivo. Until now, platelets used to be considered the sole central player in thrombus generation. However, recently, it has been demonstrated that leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, play a crucial role in the activation of the blood coagulation cascade leading to thrombosis. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms leading to thrombus formation in the microcirculation according to the method of injury in mice with a special focus on the new identified roles of neutrophils in this process.
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Buzby JS, Williams SA, Imfeld KL, Kunicki TJ, Nugent DJ. Tissue factor inflammatory response regulated by promoter genotype and p38 MAPK in neonatal vs. adult microvascular endothelial cells. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:299-308. [PMID: 24385191 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Variable tissue factor (TF) expression by human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) may be regulated by two promoter haplotypes, distinguished by an 18-basepair deletion (D) or insertion (I) at -1,208. We sought to determine the relationship between these haplotypes and interleukin-1α (IL-1α)-induced TF expression in neonatal versus adult HMVEC. RESULTS IL-1-stimulated TF mRNA, protein, and activity were significantly higher in neonatal compared to adult D/D donors. IL-1-stimulated HMVEC from neonatal D/D donors expressed threefold higher levels of TF mRNA, twofold higher TF protein, and fourfold increased TF activity compared to HMVEC from adult D/D donors. These results indicate that homozygosity for the D haplotype is characterized by increased response to IL-1 in neonates, but not adults. IL-1 induced increased phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which was significantly greater in neonatal compared to adult HMVEC. Moreover, inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway reduced IL-1-stimulated TF mRNA expression in D/D neonatal but not adult HMVEC. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of D/D neonatal HMVEC TF expression by IL-1 is mediated through the p38 MAPK pathway. This heightened response of D/D neonatal HMVEC to inflammatory stimuli may contribute to increased microvascular coagulopathies in susceptible newborn infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Buzby
- Hematology Research Laboratory, 510 Research Institute, CHOC Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201 W. La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA, 92868, USA,
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Pathophysiologic mechanisms in septic shock. J Transl Med 2014; 94:4-12. [PMID: 24061288 PMCID: PMC5656285 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic inflammatory response that occurs in the septic patient as a result of an infectious insult affects multiple organs and systems, causing numerous physiological derangements. Alterations in phagocytic, lymphocytic and endothelial cell function and immune regulation are evident, leading to heterogeneity in a host's response to a septic challenge. In addition, the normal hemostatic balance shifts toward a procoagulant state through alterations in tissue factor, antithrombin, protein C and the inhibition of fibinolysis, which can result in thrombus formation and paradoxical hemostatic failure. In an effort to diagnose sepsis and predict outcomes, biomarkers such as C-reactive protein, pro-calcitonin, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines have been investigated with varying results. Targeted therapies for sepsis, most notably Xigris (recombinant human activated protein C), have proven unsuccessful and treatment continues to remain reliant on source control, antibiotics and supportive interventions, specifically early goal-directed therapy. This brief review gives an overview of the immunopathologic and coagulopathic alterations that occur in sepsis, soluble inflammatory mediators as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and the clinical management of the septic patient.
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Yeh HH, Chang WT, Lu KC, Lai WW, Liu HS, Su WC. Upregulation of tissue factor by activated Stat3 contributes to malignant pleural effusion generation via enhancing tumor metastasis and vascular permeability in lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75287. [PMID: 24086497 PMCID: PMC3785526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a poor prognostic sign for patients with lung cancer. Tissue factor (TF) is a coagulation factor that participates in angiogenesis and vascular permeability and is abundant in MPE. We previously demonstrated that autocrine IL-6-activated Stat3 contributes to tumor metastasis and upregulation of VEGF, resulting in the generation of MPE in lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, we found IL-6-triggered Stat3 activation also induces TF expression. By using pharmacologic inhibitors, it was shown that JAK2 kinase, but not Src kinase, contributed to autocrine IL-6-induced TF expression. Inhibition of Stat3 activation by dominant negative Stat3 (S3D) in lung adenocarcinoma suppressed TF-induced coagulation, anchorage-independent growth in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. Consistently, knockdown of TF expression by siRNA resulted in a reduction of anchorage-independent growth of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Inhibition of TF expression also decreased the adhesion ability of cancer cells in normal lung tissues. In the nude mouse model, both lung metastasis and MPE generation were decreased when PC14PE6/AS2-siTF cells (TF expression was silenced) were intravenously injected. PC14PE6/AS2-siTF cells also produced less malignant ascites through inhibition of vascular permeability. In summary, we showed that TF expression plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of MPE generation via regulating of tumor metastasis and vascular permeability in lung adenocarcinoma bearing activated Stat3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Heng Yeh
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chu Lu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Wei Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WCS); (HSL)
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WCS); (HSL)
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Armstrong SM, Darwish I, Lee WL. Endothelial activation and dysfunction in the pathogenesis of influenza A virus infection. Virulence 2013; 4:537-42. [PMID: 23863601 PMCID: PMC5359731 DOI: 10.4161/viru.25779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of severe influenza has been attributed, in part, to a heightened innate immune response. Recent evidence suggests that endothelial activation, loss of barrier function, and consequent microvascular leak may also serve important mechanistic roles in the pathogenesis of severe influenza. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence in support of endothelial activation and dysfunction as a central feature preceding the development of severe influenza. We also discuss the effect of influenza on platelet–endothelial interactions.
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Factor VIIa. Platelets 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387837-3.00061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Butenas S. Tissue factor structure and function. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:964862. [PMID: 24278763 PMCID: PMC3820524 DOI: 10.6064/2012/964862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is an integral membrane protein that is essential to life. It is a component of the factor VIIa-TF complex enzyme and plays a primary role in both normal hemostasis and thrombosis. With a vascular injury, TF becomes exposed to blood and binds plasma factor VIIa, and the resulting complex initiates a series of enzymatic reactions leading to clot formation and vascular sealing. Many cells, both healthy, and tumor cells, produce detectable amounts of TF, especially when they are stimulated by various agents. Despite the relative simplicity and small size of TF, there are numerous contradictory reports about the synthesis and presentation of TF on blood cells and circulation in normal blood either on microparticles or as a soluble protein. Another subject of controversy is related to the structure/function of TF. It has been almost commonly accepted that cell-surface-associated TF has low (if any) activity, that is, is "encrypted" and requires specific conditions/reagents to become active, that is, "decrypted." However there is a lack of agreement related to the mechanism and processes leading to alterations in TF function. In this paper TF structure, presentation, and function, and controversies concerning these features are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulius Butenas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, 208 South Park Drive, Room 235A, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
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