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Porcelli V, Barile S, Capobianco L, Barile SN, Gorgoglione R, Fiermonte G, Monti B, Lasorsa FM, Palmieri L. The mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier does not transport GABA. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149487. [PMID: 38945283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four‑carbon amino acid acting as the main inhibitory transmitter in the invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. The metabolism of GABA is well compartmentalized in the cell and the uptake of cytosolic GABA into the mitochondrial matrix is required for its degradation. A previous study carried out in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster indicated that the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC) is responsible for mitochondrial GABA accumulation. Here, we investigated the transport of GABA catalysed by the human and D. melanogaster AGC proteins through a well-established method for the study of the substrate specificity and the kinetic parameters of the mitochondrial carriers. In this experimental system, the D. melanogaster spliced AGC isoforms (Aralar1-PA and Aralar1-PE) and the human AGC isoforms (AGC1/aralar1 and AGC2/citrin) are unable to transport GABA both in homo- and in hetero-exchange with either glutamate or aspartate, i.e. the canonical substrates of AGC. Moreover, GABA has no inhibitory effect on the exchange activities catalysed by the investigated AGCs. Our data demonstrate that AGC does not transport GABA and the molecular identity of the GABA transporter in human and D. melanogaster mitochondria remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Porcelli
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Serena Barile
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Simona Nicole Barile
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Gorgoglione
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Massimo Lasorsa
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy.
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2
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De Leonardis F, Ahmed A, Vozza A, Capobianco L, Riley CL, Barile SN, Di Molfetta D, Tiziani S, DiGiovanni J, Palmieri L, Dolce V, Fiermonte G. Human mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 functions as a metabolite transporter. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:338-346. [PMID: 38058167 PMCID: PMC10922436 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery, a major debate about mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) has been whether its metabolic actions result primarily from mitochondrial inner membrane proton transport, a process that decreases respiratory efficiency and ATP synthesis. However, UCP3 expression and activity are induced by conditions that would seem at odds with inefficient 'uncoupled' respiration, including fasting and exercise. Here, we demonstrate that the bacterially expressed human UCP3, reconstituted into liposomes, catalyses a strict exchange of aspartate, malate, sulphate and phosphate. The R282Q mutation abolishes the transport activity of the protein. Although the substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity of UCP3 display similarity with that of its close homolog UCP2, the two proteins significantly differ in their transport mode and kinetic constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Leonardis
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Amer Ahmed
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vozza
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Christopher L. Riley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Simona Nicole Barile
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Daria Di Molfetta
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX. USA
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
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3
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Miniero DV, Gambacorta N, Spagnoletta A, Tragni V, Loizzo S, Nicolotti O, Pierri CL, De Palma A. New Insights Regarding Hemin Inhibition of the Purified Rat Brain 2-Oxoglutarate Carrier and Relationships with Mitochondrial Dysfunction. J Clin Med 2022; 11:7519. [PMID: 36556135 PMCID: PMC9785169 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A kinetic analysis of the transport assays on the purified rat brain 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier (OGC) was performed starting from our recent results reporting about a competitive inhibitory behavior of hemin, a physiological porphyrin derivative, on the OGC reconstituted in an active form into proteoliposomes. The newly provided transport data and the elaboration of the kinetic equations show evidence that hemin exerts a mechanism of partially competitive inhibition, coupled with the formation of a ternary complex hemin-carrier substrate, when hemin targets the OGC from the matrix face. A possible interpretation of the provided kinetic analysis, which is supported by computational studies, could indicate the existence of a binding region responsible for the inhibition of the OGC and supposedly involved in the regulation of OGC activity. The proposed regulatory binding site is located on OGC mitochondrial matrix loops, where hemin could establish specific interactions with residues involved in the substrate recognition and/or conformational changes responsible for the translocation of mitochondrial carrier substrates. The regulatory binding site would be placed about 6 Å below the substrate binding site of the OGC, facing the mitochondrial matrix, and would allow the simultaneous binding of hemin and 2-oxoglutarate or malate to different regions of the carrier. Overall, the presented experimental and computational analyses help to shed light on the possible existence of the hemin-carrier substrate ternary complex, confirming the ability of the OGC to bind porphyrin derivatives, and in particular hemin, with possible consequences for the mitochondrial redox state mediated by the malate/aspartate shuttle led by the mitochondrial carriers OGC and AGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Valeria Miniero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Spagnoletta
- ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Centre, S.S. 106 Jonica, Km 419,500, 75026 Rotondella (MT), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tragni
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Loizzo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Palma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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4
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Giangregorio N, Pierri CL, Tonazzi A, Incampo G, Tragni V, De Grassi A, Indiveri C. Proline/Glycine residues of the PG-levels guide conformational changes along the transport cycle in the mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (SLC25A20). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1453-1465. [PMID: 36122779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (CAC) is a member of the mitochondrial carrier (MC) family and imports acylcarnitine into the mitochondrial matrix in exchange for carnitine, playing a pivotal role in carnitine shuttle, crucial for fatty acid oxidation. The crystallized structure of CAC has not been solved yet, however, the availability of several in vitro/in silico studies, also based on the crystallized structures of the ADP/ATP carrier in the cytosolic-conformation and in the matrix-conformation, has made possible to confirm the hypothesis of the single-binding centered-gated pore mechanism for all the members of the MC family. In addition, our recent bioinformatics analyses allowed quantifying in silico the importance of protein residues of MC substrate binding region, of those involved in the formation of the matrix and cytosolic gates, and of those belonging to the Pro/Gly (PG) levels, proposed to be crucial for the tilting/kinking/bending of the six MC transmembrane helices, funneling the substrate translocation pathway. Here we present a combined in silico/in vitro analysis employed for investigating the role played by a group of 6 proline residues and 6 glycine residues, highly conserved in CAC, belonging to MC PG-levels. Residues of the PG-levels surround the similarly located MC common substrate binding region, and were proposed to lead conformational changes and substrate translocation, following substrate binding. For our analysis, we employed 3D molecular modeling approaches, alanine scanning site-directed mutagenesis and in vitro transport assays. Our analysis reveals that P130 (H3), G268 (H6) and G220 (H5), mutated in alanine, affect severely CAC transport activity (mutant catalytic efficiency lower than 5 % compared to the wild type CAC), most likely due to their major role in triggering CAC conformational changes, following carnitine binding. Notably, P30A (H1) and G121A (H3) CAC mutants, increase the carnitine uptake up to 217 % and 112 %, respectively, compared to the wild type CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giangregorio
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Tonazzi
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Incampo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tragni
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna De Grassi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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5
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Tonazzi A, Giangregorio N, Console L, Calvano CD, Prejanò M, Scalise M, Incampo G, Marino T, Russo N, Cataldi TRI, Indiveri C. Inhibition of the carnitine acylcarnitine carrier by carbon monoxide reveals a novel mechanism of action with non-metal-containing proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:395-403. [PMID: 35792242 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Both toxic and physiological effects of CO are mostly caused by well described interactions with heme-groups of proteins. Interactions of CO with non-heme proteins have also been unveiled. Besides interaction of CO with mitochondrial heme containing respiratory complexes, a BK channel and the phosphate carrier which do not contain metal cofactors, have been identified as CO targets. However, the molecular mechanisms of interaction with non-metal-containing proteins are not understood. We show in this work the effect of CO on the mitochondrial carnitine carrier (SLC25A20) using CORM-3, a widely recognized CO releasing compound. CO exerts an inhibitory effect at the micromolar concentration on the transport function of the transporter extracted from treated mitochondria. The effect is due to a single Cys residue, C136 as revealed by mass spectrometry analysis. A computational approach predicted the need for vicinal Asp and Lys residues for the C136 carbonylation to occur. These data demonstrate a novel mechanism of interaction of CO with a protein not containing metal atoms and will enable the prediction of CO targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Tonazzi
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Giangregorio
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cosima Damiana Calvano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Prejanò
- Department CTC (Chemistry and Chemical Technology) University of Calabria, Via Bucci 14C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Giovanna Incampo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Department CTC (Chemistry and Chemical Technology) University of Calabria, Via Bucci 14C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Department CTC (Chemistry and Chemical Technology) University of Calabria, Via Bucci 14C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy; Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
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6
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Citrate Regulates the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mitochondrial GDP/GTP Carrier (Ggc1p) by Triggering Unidirectional Transport of GTP. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080795. [PMID: 36012783 PMCID: PMC9410265 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The yeast mitochondrial transport of GTP and GDP is mediated by Ggc1p, a member of the mitochondrial carrier family. The physiological role of Ggc1p in S. cerevisiae is probably to transport GTP into mitochondria in exchange for GDP generated in the matrix. ggc1Δ cells exhibit lower levels of GTP and increased levels of GDP in mitochondria, are unable to grow on nonfermentable substrates and lose mtDNA. Because in yeast, succinyl-CoA ligase produces ATP instead of GTP, and the mitochondrial nucleoside diphosphate kinase is localized in the intermembrane space, Ggc1p is the only supplier of mitochondrial GTP required for the maturation of proteins containing Fe-S clusters, such as aconitase [4Fe-4S] and ferredoxin [2Fe-2S]. In this work, it was demonstrated that citrate is a regulator of purified and reconstituted Ggc1p by trans-activating unidirectional transport of GTP across the proteoliposomal membrane. It was also shown that the binding site of Ggc1p for citrate is different from the binding site for the substrate GTP. It is proposed that the citrate-induced GTP uniport (CIGU) mediated by Ggc1p is involved in the homeostasis of the guanine nucleotide pool in the mitochondrial matrix.
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Incampo G, Giangregorio N, Gambacorta N, Nicolotti O, Pacifico C, Palmieri L, Tonazzi A. Praseodymium trivalent ion is an effective inhibitor of mitochondrial basic amino acids and carnitine/acylcarnitine carriers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148557. [PMID: 35367451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the identification of the lantanide praseodymium trivalent ion Pr3+ as inhibitor of mitochondrial transporters for basic amino acids and phylogenetically related carriers belonging to the Slc25 family. The inhibitory effect of Pr3+ has been tested using mitochondrial transporters reconstituted into liposomes being effective in the micromolar range, acting as a competitive inhibitor of the human basic amino acids carrier (BAC, Slc25A29), the human carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (CAC, Slc25A20). Furthermore, we provide computational evidence that the complete inhibition of the transport activity of the recombinant proteins is due to the Pr3+ coordination to key acidic residues of the matrix salt bridge network. Besides being used as a first choice stop inhibitor for functional studies in vitro of mitochondrial carriers reconstituted in proteoliposomes, Pr3+ might also represent a useful tool for structural studies of the mitochondrial carrier family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Incampo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Giangregorio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Concetta Pacifico
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tonazzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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8
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Miniero DV, Monné M, Di Noia MA, Palmieri L, Palmieri F. Evidence for Non-Essential Salt Bridges in the M-Gates of Mitochondrial Carrier Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095060. [PMID: 35563451 PMCID: PMC9104175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial carriers, which transport metabolites, nucleotides, and cofactors across the mitochondrial inner membrane, have six transmembrane α-helices enclosing a translocation pore with a central substrate binding site whose access is controlled by a cytoplasmic and a matrix gate (M-gate). The salt bridges formed by the three PX[DE]XX[RK] motifs located on the odd-numbered transmembrane α-helices greatly contribute to closing the M-gate. We have measured the transport rates of cysteine mutants of the charged residue positions in the PX[DE]XX[RK] motifs of the bovine oxoglutarate carrier, the yeast GTP/GDP carrier, and the yeast NAD+ transporter, which all lack one of these charged residues. Most single substitutions, including those of the non-charged and unpaired charged residues, completely inactivated transport. Double mutations of charged pairs showed that all three carriers contain salt bridges non-essential for activity. Two double substitutions of these non-essential charge pairs exhibited higher transport rates than their corresponding single mutants, whereas swapping the charged residues in these positions did not increase activity. The results demonstrate that some of the residues in the charged residue positions of the PX[DE]XX[KR] motifs are important for reasons other than forming salt bridges, probably for playing specific roles related to the substrate interaction-mediated conformational changes leading to the M-gate opening/closing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Valeria Miniero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.V.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.N.)
| | - Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.V.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.N.)
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Di Noia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.V.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.N.)
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.V.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.N.)
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.V.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.N.)
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (F.P.)
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9
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Shahroor MA, Lasorsa FM, Porcelli V, Dweikat I, Di Noia MA, Gur M, Agostino G, Shaag A, Rinaldi T, Gasparre G, Guerra F, Castegna A, Todisco S, Abu-Libdeh B, Elpeleg O, Palmieri L. PNC2 (SLC25A36) Deficiency Associated With the Hyperinsulinism/Hyperammonemia Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1346-1356. [PMID: 34971397 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The hyperinsulinism/hyperammonemia (HI/HA) syndrome, the second-most common form of congenital hyperinsulinism, has been associated with dominant mutations in GLUD1, coding for the mitochondrial enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase, that increase enzyme activity by reducing its sensitivity to allosteric inhibition by GTP. OBJECTIVE To identify the underlying genetic etiology in 2 siblings who presented with the biochemical features of HI/HA syndrome but did not carry pathogenic variants in GLUD1, and to determine the functional impact of the newly identified mutation. METHODS The patients were investigated by whole exome sequencing. Yeast complementation studies and biochemical assays on the recombinant mutated protein were performed. The consequences of stable slc25a36 silencing in HeLa cells were also investigated. RESULTS A homozygous splice site variant was identified in solute carrier family 25, member 36 (SLC25A36), encoding the pyrimidine nucleotide carrier 2 (PNC2), a mitochondrial nucleotide carrier that transports pyrimidine as well as guanine nucleotides across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The mutation leads to a 26-aa in-frame deletion in the first repeat domain of the protein, which abolishes transport activity. Furthermore, knockdown of slc25a36 expression in HeLa cells caused a marked reduction in the mitochondrial GTP content, which likely leads to a hyperactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase in our patients. CONCLUSION We report for the first time a mutation in PNC2/SLC25A36 leading to HI/HA and provide functional evidence of the molecular mechanism responsible for this phenotype. Our findings underscore the importance of mitochondrial nucleotide metabolism and expand the role of mitochondrial transporters in insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher A Shahroor
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Al Makassed Hospital and Al-Quds University, 95908 Jerusalem, Palestine
- Department of Neonatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, M4N 3M5 Toronto, Canada
| | - Francesco M Lasorsa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Porcelli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Imad Dweikat
- Metabolic Unit, An-Najah National University, P467 Nablus, Palestine
| | - Maria Antonietta Di Noia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Michal Gur
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giulia Agostino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Avraham Shaag
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Teresa Rinaldi
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Unit of Medical Genetics and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Unit of Medical Genetics and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Todisco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Bassam Abu-Libdeh
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Al Makassed Hospital and Al-Quds University, 95908 Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, 70125 Bari, Italy
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10
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Drosophila melanogaster Uncoupling Protein-4A (UCP4A) Catalyzes a Unidirectional Transport of Aspartate. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031020. [PMID: 35162943 PMCID: PMC8834685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) form a distinct subfamily of the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) SLC25. Four UCPs, DmUCP4A-C and DmUCP5, have been identified in Drosophila melanogaster on the basis of their sequence homology with mammalian UCP4 and UCP5. In a Parkinson’s disease model, DmUCP4A showed a protective role against mitochondrial dysfunction, by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis. To date, DmUCP4A is still an orphan of a biochemical function, although its possible involvement in mitochondrial uncoupling has been ruled out. Here, we show that DmUCP4A expressed in bacteria and reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles catalyzes a unidirectional transport of aspartate, which is saturable and inhibited by mercurials and other mitochondrial carrier inhibitors to various degrees. Swelling experiments carried out in yeast mitochondria have demonstrated that the unidirectional transport of aspartate catalyzed by DmUCP4 is not proton-coupled. The biochemical function of DmUCP4A has been further confirmed in a yeast cell model, in which growth has required an efflux of aspartate from mitochondria. Notably, DmUCP4A is the first UCP4 homolog from any species to be biochemically characterized. In Drosophila melanogaster, DmUCP4A could be involved in the transport of aspartate from mitochondria to the cytosol, in which it could be used for protein and nucleotide synthesis, as well as in the biosynthesis of ß-alanine and N-acetylaspartate, which play key roles in signal transmission in the central nervous system.
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Yang W, Shah AM, Dong S, Sun C, Zhang H, Mohamed H, Gao X, Fan H, Song Y. Tricarboxylate Citrate Transporter of an Oleaginous Fungus Mucor circinelloides WJ11: From Function to Structure and Role in Lipid Production. Front Nutr 2021; 8:802231. [PMID: 34957193 PMCID: PMC8696028 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.802231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The citrate transporter protein (CTP) plays an important role in citrate efflux from the mitochondrial matrix to cytosol that has great importance in oleaginous fungi. The cytoplasmic citrate produced after citrate efflux serves as the primary carbon source for the triacylglycerol and cholesterol biosynthetic pathways. Because of the CTP's importance, our laboratory has extensively studied its structure/function relationships in Mucor circinelloides to comprehend its molecular mechanism. In the present study, the tricarboxylate citrate transporter (Tct) of M. circinelloides WJ11 has been cloned, overexpressed, purified, kinetically, and structurally characterized. The Tct protein of WJ11 was expressed in Escherichia coli, isolated, and functionally reconstituted in a liposomal system for kinetic studies. Our results showed that Tct has a high affinity for citrate with Km 0.018 mM. Furthermore, the tct overexpression and knockout plasmids were created and transformed into M. circinelloides WJ11. The mitochondria of the tct-overexpressing transformant of M. circinelloides WJ11 showed a 49% increase in citrate efflux, whereas the mitochondria of the tct-knockout transformant showed a 39% decrease in citrate efflux compared to the mitochondria of wild-type WJ11. To elucidate the structure-function relationship of this biologically important transporter a 3D model of the mitochondrial Tct protein was constructed using homology modeling. The overall structure of the protein is V-shaped and its 3D structure is dimeric. The transport stability of the structure was also assessed by molecular dynamics simulation studies. The activity domain was identified to form hydrogen bond and stacking interaction with citrate and malate upon docking. Tricarboxylate citrate transporter has shown high binding energy of −4.87 kcal/mol to citric acid, while −3.80 kcal/mol to malic acid. This is the first report of unraveling the structural characteristics of WJ11 mitochondrial Tct protein and understanding the approach of the transporting toward its substrate. In conclusion, the present findings support our efforts to combine functional and structural data to better understand the Tct of M. circinelloides at the molecular level and its role in lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Aabid Manzoor Shah
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Shiqi Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Caili Sun
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Huaiyuan Zhang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Xiuzhen Gao
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Huirong Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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12
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Mazza T, Scalise M, Pappacoda G, Pochini L, Indiveri C. The involvement of sodium in the function of the human amino acid transporter ASCT2. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:3030-3041. [PMID: 34741534 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alanine, serine, cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2) is a membrane amino acid transporter with relevance to human physiology and pathology, such as cancer. Notwithstanding, the study on the ASCT2 transport cycle still has unknown aspects, such as the role of Na+ in this process. We investigate this issue using recombinant hASCT2 reconstituted in proteoliposomes. Changes in the composition of purification buffers show the crucial role of Na+ in ASCT2 functionality. The transport activity is abolished when Na+ is absent or substituted by Li+ or K+ in purification buffers. By employing a Na+ fluorometric probe, we measured an inwardly directed flux of Na+ and, by combining fluorometric and radiometric assays, determined a 2Na+ : 1Gln stoichiometry. Kinetics of Na+ transport suggest that pH-sensitive residues are involved in Na+ binding/transport. Our results clarify the role of Na+ on human ASCT2 transporter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Mazza
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Gilda Pappacoda
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Lorena Pochini
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze Della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.,CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
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13
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Bolognino I, Giangregorio N, Tonazzi A, Martínez AL, Altomare CD, Loza MI, Sablone S, Cellamare S, Catto M. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Dantrolene-Like Hydrazide and Hydrazone Analogues as Multitarget Agents for Neurodegenerative Diseases. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2807-2816. [PMID: 34047061 PMCID: PMC8518391 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dantrolene, a drug used for the management of malignant hyperthermia, had been recently evaluated for prospective repurposing as multitarget agent for neurodegenerative syndromes, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, twenty-one dantrolene-like hydrazide and hydrazone analogues were synthesized with the aim of exploring structure-activity relationships (SARs) for the inhibition of human monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), two well-established target enzymes for anti-AD drugs. With few exceptions, the newly synthesized compounds exhibited selectivity toward MAO B over either MAO A or AChE, with the secondary aldimine 9 and phenylhydrazone 20 attaining IC50 values of 0.68 and 0.81 μM, respectively. While no general SAR trend was observed with lipophilicity descriptors, a molecular simplification strategy allowed the main pharmacophore features to be identified, which are responsible for the inhibitory activity toward MAO B. Finally, further in vitro investigations revealed cell protection from oxidative insult and activation of carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier as concomitant biological activities responsible for neuroprotection by hits 9 and 20 and other promising compounds in the examined series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bolognino
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroVia E. Orabona 470125BariItaly
- Department of Engineering and Applied SciencesUniversity of BergamoViale G. Marconi 524044DalmineItaly
| | - Nicola Giangregorio
- Institute of BiomembranesBioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)National Research Council (CNR)Via Amendola 122/O70126BariItaly
| | - Annamaria Tonazzi
- Institute of BiomembranesBioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)National Research Council (CNR)Via Amendola 122/O70126BariItaly
| | - Antón L. Martínez
- BioFarma Research GroupCenter for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS)University of Santiago de CompostelaAv. Barcelona, Campus Vida15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Cosimo D. Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroVia E. Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - María I. Loza
- BioFarma Research GroupCenter for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS)University of Santiago de CompostelaAv. Barcelona, Campus Vida15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Sara Sablone
- Section of Legal MedicineInterdisciplinary Department of MedicineBari Policlinico HospitalUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroPiazza Giulio Cesare 1170124BariItaly
| | - Saverio Cellamare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroVia E. Orabona 470125BariItaly
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroVia E. Orabona 470125BariItaly
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Jasper L, Scarcia P, Rust S, Reunert J, Palmieri F, Marquardt T. Uridine Treatment of the First Known Case of SLC25A36 Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189929. [PMID: 34576089 PMCID: PMC8470663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC25A36 is a pyrimidine nucleotide carrier playing an important role in maintaining mitochondrial biogenesis. Deficiencies in SLC25A36 in mouse embryonic stem cells have been associated with mtDNA depletion as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. In human beings, diseases triggered by SLC25A36 mutations have not been described yet. We report the first known case of SLC25A36 deficiency in a 12-year-old patient with hypothyroidism, hyperinsulinism, hyperammonemia, chronical obstipation, short stature, along with language and general developmental delay. Whole exome analysis identified the homozygous mutation c.803dupT, p.Ser269llefs*35 in the SLC25A36 gene. Functional analysis of mutant SLC25A36 protein in proteoliposomes showed a virtually abolished transport activity. Immunoblotting results suggest that the mutant SLC25A36 protein in the patient undergoes fast degradation. Supplementation with oral uridine led to an improvement of thyroid function and obstipation, increase of growth and developmental progress. Our findings suggest an important role of SLC25A36 in hormonal regulations and oral uridine as a safe and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Jasper
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.J.); (S.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Stephan Rust
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.J.); (S.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Janine Reunert
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.J.); (S.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (T.M.)
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A13, 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.J.); (S.R.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (T.M.)
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15
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The Interaction of Hemin, a Porphyrin Derivative, with the Purified Rat Brain 2-Oxoglutarate Carrier. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081175. [PMID: 34439841 PMCID: PMC8393474 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate carrier (OGC), isolated and purified from rat brain mitochondria, was reconstituted into proteoliposomes to study the interaction with hemin, a porphyrin derivative, which may result from the breakdown of heme-containing proteins and plays a key role in several metabolic pathways. By kinetic approaches, on the basis of the single binding centre gated pore mechanism, we analyzed the effect of hemin on the transport rate of OGC in uptake and efflux experiments in proteoliposomes reconstituted in the presence of the substrate 2-oxoglutarate. Overall, our experimental data fit the hypothesis that hemin operates a competitive inhibition in the 0.5-10 µM concentration range. As a consequence of the OGC inhibition, the malate/aspartate shuttle might be impaired, causing an alteration of mitochondrial function. Hence, considering that the metabolism of porphyrins implies both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial processes, OGC may participate in the regulation of porphyrin derivatives availability and the related metabolic pathways that depend on them (such as oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis). For the sake of clarity, a simplified model based on induced-fit molecular docking supported the in vitro transport assays findings that hemin was as good as 2-oxoglutarate to bind the carrier by engaging specific ionic hydrogen bond interactions with a number of key residues known for participating in the similarly located mitochondrial carrier substrate binding site.
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16
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Ferramosca A, Zara V. Mitochondrial Carriers and Substrates Transport Network: A Lesson from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168496. [PMID: 34445202 PMCID: PMC8395155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most widely used model organisms for investigating various aspects of basic cellular functions that are conserved in human cells. This organism, as well as human cells, can modulate its metabolism in response to specific growth conditions, different environmental changes, and nutrient depletion. This adaptation results in a metabolic reprogramming of specific metabolic pathways. Mitochondrial carriers play a fundamental role in cellular metabolism, connecting mitochondrial with cytosolic reactions. By transporting substrates across the inner membrane of mitochondria, they contribute to many processes that are central to cellular function. The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes 35 members of the mitochondrial carrier family, most of which have been functionally characterized. The aim of this review is to describe the role of the so far identified yeast mitochondrial carriers in cell metabolism, attempting to show the functional connections between substrates transport and specific metabolic pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and amino acids synthesis. Analysis of the literature reveals that these proteins transport substrates involved in the same metabolic pathway with a high degree of flexibility and coordination. The understanding of the role of mitochondrial carriers in yeast biology and metabolism could be useful for clarifying unexplored aspects related to the mitochondrial carrier network. Such knowledge will hopefully help in obtaining more insight into the molecular basis of human diseases.
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17
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Yang W, Dong S, Yang J, Mohamed H, Shah AM, Nazir Y, Gao X, Fan H, Song Y. Molecular Mechanism of Citrate Efflux by the Mitochondrial Citrate Transporter CT in Filamentous Fungus Mucor circinelloides WJ11. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:673881. [PMID: 34054781 PMCID: PMC8160456 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.673881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial citrate transporter (MCT) plays an important role in citrate efflux from the mitochondria in eukaryotes, and hence provides a direct correlation between carbohydrate metabolism and lipid synthesis. Our previous studies on transporters confirmed the presence of two MCTs (TCT and CT) in oleaginous Mucor circinelloides WJ11 associated with high lipid accumulation. However, the molecular mechanism of citrate efflux from the mitochondria by MCT in M. circinelloides is still unclear. To study the citrate transport mechanism of CT, the citrate transporter gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and its product was purified. The citrate transport activity of the protein was studied in CT reconstituted liposomes. Our results showed high efficiency of CT for [14C] citrate/citrate exchange with K m 0.01 mM at 25°C. Besides citrate, other molecules such as oxaloacetate, malate, fumarate, succinate aconitate, oxoadipate, isocitrate, and glutamate also promote citrate transport. In addition, the ct overexpression and knockout plasmids were constructed and transferred into M. circinelloides WJ11, and the mitochondria were isolated, and the transport activity was studied. Our findings showed that in the presence of 10 mM malate, the mitochondria of ct-overexpressing transformant showed 51% increase in the efflux rate of [14C] citrate, whereas the mitochondria of the ct-knockout transformant showed 18% decrease in citrate efflux compared to the mitochondria of wild-type WJ11. This study provided the first mechanistic evidence of citrate efflux from the mitochondria by citrate transporter in oleaginous filamentous fungus M. circinelloides, which is associated with high lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Shiqi Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhuan Yang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Aabid Manzoor Shah
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yusuf Nazir
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Xiuzhen Gao
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Huirong Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
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18
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A Yeast-Based Screening Unravels Potential Therapeutic Molecules for Mitochondrial Diseases Associated with Dominant ANT1 Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094461. [PMID: 33923309 PMCID: PMC8123201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases result from inherited or spontaneous mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA, leading to an impairment of the oxidative phosphorylation responsible for the synthesis of ATP. To date, there are no effective pharmacological therapies for these pathologies. We performed a yeast-based screening to search for therapeutic drugs to be used for treating mitochondrial diseases associated with dominant mutations in the nuclear ANT1 gene, which encodes for the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier. Dominant ANT1 mutations are involved in several degenerative mitochondrial pathologies characterized by the presence of multiple deletions or depletion of mitochondrial DNA in tissues of affected patients. Thanks to the presence in yeast of the AAC2 gene, orthologue of human ANT1, a yeast mutant strain carrying the M114P substitution equivalent to adPEO-associated L98P mutation was created. Five molecules were identified for their ability to suppress the defective respiratory growth phenotype of the haploid aac2M114P. Furthermore, these molecules rescued the mtDNA mutability in the heteroallelic AAC2/aac2M114P strain, which mimics the human heterozygous condition of adPEO patients. The drugs were effective in reducing mtDNA instability also in the heteroallelic strain carrying the R96H mutation equivalent to the more severe de novo dominant missense mutation R80H, suggesting a general therapeutic effect on diseases associated with dominant ANT1 mutations.
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Zamani-Nour S, Lin HC, Walker BJ, Mettler-Altmann T, Khoshravesh R, Karki S, Bagunu E, Sage TL, Quick WP, Weber APM. Overexpression of the chloroplastic 2-oxoglutarate/malate transporter disturbs carbon and nitrogen homeostasis in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:137-152. [PMID: 32710115 PMCID: PMC7816853 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplastic 2-oxaloacetate (OAA)/malate transporter (OMT1 or DiT1) takes part in the malate valve that protects chloroplasts from excessive redox poise through export of malate and import of OAA. Together with the glutamate/malate transporter (DCT1 or DiT2), it connects carbon with nitrogen assimilation, by providing 2-oxoglutarate for the GS/GOGAT (glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase) reaction and exporting glutamate to the cytoplasm. OMT1 further plays a prominent role in C4 photosynthesis: OAA resulting from phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylation is imported into the chloroplast, reduced to malate by plastidic NADP-malate dehydrogenase, and then exported for transport to bundle sheath cells. Both transport steps are catalyzed by OMT1, at the rate of net carbon assimilation. To engineer C4 photosynthesis into C3 crops, OMT1 must be expressed in high amounts on top of core C4 metabolic enzymes. We report here high-level expression of ZmOMT1 from maize in rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica IR64). Increased activity of the transporter in transgenic rice was confirmed by reconstitution of transporter activity into proteoliposomes. Unexpectedly, overexpression of ZmOMT1 in rice negatively affected growth, CO2 assimilation rate, total free amino acid content, tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, as well as sucrose and starch contents. Accumulation of high amounts of aspartate and the impaired growth phenotype of OMT1 rice lines could be suppressed by simultaneous overexpression of ZmDiT2. Implications for engineering C4 rice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Zamani-Nour
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lin
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Berkley J Walker
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roxana Khoshravesh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shanta Karki
- National Center for Fruit Development, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Efren Bagunu
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Tammy L Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Paul Quick
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence:
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20
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De Pinto V. Renaissance of VDAC: New Insights on a Protein Family at the Interface between Mitochondria and Cytosol. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010107. [PMID: 33467485 PMCID: PMC7831034 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become impossible to review all the existing literature on Voltage-Dependent Anion selective Channel (VDAC) in a single article. A real Renaissance of studies brings this protein to the center of decisive knowledge both for cell physiology and therapeutic application. This review, after highlighting the similarities between the cellular context and the study methods of the solute carriers present in the inner membrane and VDAC in the outer membrane of the mitochondria, will focus on the isoforms of VDAC and their biochemical characteristics. In particular, the possible reasons for their evolutionary onset will be discussed. The variations in their post-translational modifications and the differences between the regulatory regions of their genes, probably the key to understanding the current presence of these genes, will be described. Finally, the situation in the higher eukaryotes will be compared to that of yeast, a unicellular eukaryote, where there is only one active isoform and the role of VDAC in energy metabolism is better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito De Pinto
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; ; Tel.: +39-095-73842444
- we.MitoBiotech.srl, c.so Italia 172, 95129 Catania, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Section of Catania, 00136 Rome, Italy
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21
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Biochemical and functional characterization of a mitochondrial citrate carrier in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem J 2020; 477:1759-1777. [PMID: 32329787 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A homolog of the mitochondrial succinate/fumarate carrier from yeast (Sfc1p) has been found in the Arabidopsis genome, named AtSFC1. The AtSFC1 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the gene product was purified and reconstituted in liposomes. Its transport properties and kinetic parameters demonstrated that AtSFC1 transports citrate, isocitrate and aconitate and, to a lesser extent, succinate and fumarate. This carrier catalyzes a fast counter-exchange transport as well as a low uniport of substrates, exhibits a higher transport affinity for tricarboxylates than dicarboxylates, and is inhibited by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and other inhibitors of mitochondrial carriers to various degrees. Gene expression analysis indicated that the AtSFC1 transcript is mainly present in heterotrophic tissues, and fusion with a green-fluorescent protein localized AtSFC1 to the mitochondria. Furthermore, 35S-AtSFC1 antisense lines were generated and characterized at metabolic and physiological levels in different organs and at various developmental stages. Lower expression of AtSFC1 reduced seed germination and impaired radicle growth, a phenotype that was related to reduced respiration rate. These findings demonstrate that AtSFC1 might be involved in storage oil mobilization at the early stages of seedling growth and in nitrogen assimilation in root tissue by catalyzing citrate/isocitrate or citrate/succinate exchanges.
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22
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Yuzbasheva EY, Scarcia P, Yuzbashev TV, Messina E, Kosikhina IM, Palmieri L, Shutov AV, Taratynova MO, Amaro RL, Palmieri F, Sineoky SP, Agrimi G. Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica for the selective and high-level production of isocitric acid through manipulation of mitochondrial dicarboxylate-tricarboxylate carriers. Metab Eng 2020; 65:156-166. [PMID: 33161142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During cultivation under nitrogen starvation, Yarrowia lipolytica produces a mixture of citric acid and isocitric acid whose ratio is mainly determined by the carbon source used. We report that mitochondrial succinate-fumarate carrier YlSfc1 controls isocitric acid efflux from mitochondria. YlSfc1 purified and reconstituted into liposomes transports succinate, fumarate, oxaloacetate, isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate. YlSFC1 overexpression determined the inversion of isocitric acid/citric acid ratio towards isocitric acid, resulting in 33.4 ± 1.9 g/L and 43.3 ± 2.8 g/L of ICA production in test-tube cultivation with glucose and glycerol, respectively. These titers represent a 4.0 and 6.3-fold increase compared to the wild type. YlSFC1 gene expression was repressed in the wild type strain grown in glucose-based medium compared to olive oil medium explaining the reason for the preferred citric acid production during Y. lipolytica growth on carbohydrates. Coexpression of YlSFC1 and adenosine monophosphate deaminase YlAMPD genes together with inactivation of citrate mitochondrial carrier YlYHM2 gene enhanced isocitric acid accumulation up to 41.4 ± 4.1 g/L with an isocitric acid/citric acid ratio of 14.3 in a small-scale cultivation with glucose as a carbon source. During large-scale cultivation with glucose pulse-feeding, the engineered strain produced 136.7 ± 2.5 g/L of ICA with a process selectivity of 88.1%, the highest reported titer and selectivity to date. These results represent the first reported isocitric acid secretion by Y. lipolytica as a main organic acid during cultivation on carbohydrate. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that the replacement of one mitochondrial transport system for another can be an efficient tool for switching product accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Y Yuzbasheva
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GOSNIIGENETIKA, Kurchatov Genomic Center, 1-st Dorozhny Pr., 1, Moscow, 117545, Russia; BioMediCan Inc., 40471 Encyclopedia Circle, Fremont, 94538, CA, USA.
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Campus Universitario, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Tigran V Yuzbashev
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Eugenia Messina
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Campus Universitario, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Iuliia M Kosikhina
- NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GOSNIIGENETIKA, Kurchatov Genomic Center, 1-st Dorozhny Pr., 1, Moscow, 117545, Russia; NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 1 Kurchatov Square, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Campus Universitario, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Campus Universitario, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Artem V Shutov
- NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GOSNIIGENETIKA, Kurchatov Genomic Center, 1-st Dorozhny Pr., 1, Moscow, 117545, Russia; NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 1 Kurchatov Square, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Maria O Taratynova
- NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GOSNIIGENETIKA, Kurchatov Genomic Center, 1-st Dorozhny Pr., 1, Moscow, 117545, Russia; NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 1 Kurchatov Square, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Campus Universitario, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Campus Universitario, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Sergey P Sineoky
- NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GOSNIIGENETIKA, Kurchatov Genomic Center, 1-st Dorozhny Pr., 1, Moscow, 117545, Russia; NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 1 Kurchatov Square, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Gennaro Agrimi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Campus Universitario, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
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23
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Drosophila melanogaster Mitochondrial Carriers: Similarities and Differences with the Human Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176052. [PMID: 32842667 PMCID: PMC7504413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial carriers are a family of structurally related proteins responsible for the exchange of metabolites, cofactors and nucleotides between the cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix. The in silico analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster genome has highlighted the presence of 48 genes encoding putative mitochondrial carriers, but only 20 have been functionally characterized. Despite most Drosophila mitochondrial carrier genes having human homologs and sharing with them 50% or higher sequence identity, D. melanogaster genes display peculiar differences from their human counterparts: (1) in the fruit fly, many genes encode more transcript isoforms or are duplicated, resulting in the presence of numerous subfamilies in the genome; (2) the expression of the energy-producing genes in D. melanogaster is coordinated from a motif known as Nuclear Respiratory Gene (NRG), a palindromic 8-bp sequence; (3) fruit-fly duplicated genes encoding mitochondrial carriers show a testis-biased expression pattern, probably in order to keep a duplicate copy in the genome. Here, we review the main features, biological activities and role in the metabolism of the D. melanogaster mitochondrial carriers characterized to date, highlighting similarities and differences with their human counterparts. Such knowledge is very important for obtaining an integrated view of mitochondrial function in D. melanogaster metabolism.
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24
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Palmieri F, Scarcia P, Monné M. Diseases Caused by Mutations in Mitochondrial Carrier Genes SLC25: A Review. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040655. [PMID: 32340404 PMCID: PMC7226361 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1980s, after the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) had been sequenced, several diseases resulting from mtDNA mutations emerged. Later, numerous disorders caused by mutations in the nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins were found. A group of these diseases are due to defects of mitochondrial carriers, a family of proteins named solute carrier family 25 (SLC25), that transport a variety of solutes such as the reagents of ATP synthase (ATP, ADP, and phosphate), tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, cofactors, amino acids, and carnitine esters of fatty acids. The disease-causing mutations disclosed in mitochondrial carriers range from point mutations, which are often localized in the substrate translocation pore of the carrier, to large deletions and insertions. The biochemical consequences of deficient transport are the compartmentalized accumulation of the substrates and dysfunctional mitochondrial and cellular metabolism, which frequently develop into various forms of myopathy, encephalopathy, or neuropathy. Examples of diseases, due to mitochondrial carrier mutations are: combined D-2- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, carnitine-acylcarnitine carrier deficiency, hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrillinuria (HHH) syndrome, early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 3, Amish microcephaly, aspartate/glutamate isoform 1 deficiency, congenital sideroblastic anemia, Fontaine progeroid syndrome, and citrullinemia type II. Here, we review all the mitochondrial carrier-related diseases known until now, focusing on the connections between the molecular basis, altered metabolism, and phenotypes of these inherited disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-0805443323 (F.P.)
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, via Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-0805443323 (F.P.)
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25
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A Prospective Repurposing of Dantrolene as a Multitarget Agent for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234298. [PMID: 31775359 PMCID: PMC6930524 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The orphan drug dantrolene (DAN) is the only therapeutic treatment for malignant hyperthermia (MH), a pharmacogenetic pathology affecting 0.2 over 10,000 people in the EU. It acts by inhibiting ryanodine receptors, which are responsible for calcium recruitment in striatal muscles and brain. Because of its involvement in calcium homeostasis, DAN has been successfully investigated for its potential as neuroprotecting small molecule in several animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Nevertheless, its effects at a molecular level, namely on putative targets involved in neurodegeneration, are still scarcely known. Herein, we present a prospective study on repurposing of DAN involving, besides the well-known calcium antagonism, inhibition of monoamine oxidase B and acetylcholinesterase, cytoprotection from oxidative insult, and activation of carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier, as concurring biological activities responsible for neuroprotection.
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26
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Scarcia P, Gorgoglione R, Messina E, Fiermonte G, Blank LM, Wierckx N, Palmieri L, Agrimi G. Mitochondrial carriers of
Ustilago maydis
and
Aspergillus terreus
involved in itaconate production: same physiological role but different biochemical features. FEBS Lett 2019; 594:728-739. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Scarcia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari ALDO MORO Italy
| | - Ruggiero Gorgoglione
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari ALDO MORO Italy
| | - Eugenia Messina
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari ALDO MORO Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari ALDO MORO Italy
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology‐iAMB Aachen Biology and Biotechnology‐ABBt RWTH Aachen University Germany
| | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences IBG‐1: Biotechnology Forschungszentrum Jülich Germany
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari ALDO MORO Italy
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM) Bari Italy
| | - Gennaro Agrimi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari ALDO MORO Italy
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27
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Mitochondrial Carriers for Aspartate, Glutamate and Other Amino Acids: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184456. [PMID: 31510000 PMCID: PMC6769469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the mitochondrial carrier (MC) protein family transport various molecules across the mitochondrial inner membrane to interlink steps of metabolic pathways and biochemical processes that take place in different compartments; i.e., are localized partly inside and outside the mitochondrial matrix. MC substrates consist of metabolites, inorganic anions (such as phosphate and sulfate), nucleotides, cofactors and amino acids. These compounds have been identified by in vitro transport assays based on the uptake of radioactively labeled substrates into liposomes reconstituted with recombinant purified MCs. By using this approach, 18 human, plant and yeast MCs for amino acids have been characterized and shown to transport aspartate, glutamate, ornithine, arginine, lysine, histidine, citrulline and glycine with varying substrate specificities, kinetics, influences of the pH gradient, and capacities for the antiport and uniport mode of transport. Aside from providing amino acids for mitochondrial translation, the transport reactions catalyzed by these MCs are crucial in energy, nitrogen, nucleotide and amino acid metabolism. In this review we dissect the transport properties, phylogeny, regulation and expression levels in different tissues of MCs for amino acids, and summarize the main structural aspects known until now about MCs. The effects of their disease-causing mutations and manipulation of their expression levels in cells are also considered as clues for understanding their physiological functions.
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28
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Gorgoglione R, Porcelli V, Santoro A, Daddabbo L, Vozza A, Monné M, Di Noia MA, Palmieri L, Fiermonte G, Palmieri F. The human uncoupling proteins 5 and 6 (UCP5/SLC25A14 and UCP6/SLC25A30) transport sulfur oxyanions, phosphate and dicarboxylates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:724-733. [PMID: 31356773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The human genome encodes 53 members of the solute carrier family 25 (SLC25), also called the mitochondrial carrier family. In this work, two members of this family, UCP5 (BMCP1, brain mitochondrial carrier protein 1 encoded by SLC25A14) and UCP6 (KMCP1, kidney mitochondrial carrier protein 1 encoded by SLC25A30) have been thoroughly characterized biochemically. They were overexpressed in bacteria, purified and reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles. Their transport properties and kinetic parameters demonstrate that UCP5 and UCP6 transport inorganic anions (sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate and phosphate) and, to a lesser extent, a variety of dicarboxylates (e.g. malonate, malate and citramalate) and, even more so, aspartate and (only UCP5) glutamate and tricarboxylates. Both carriers catalyzed a fast counter-exchange transport and a very low uniport of substrates. Transport was saturable and inhibited by mercurials and other mitochondrial carrier inhibitors at various degrees. The transport affinities of UCP5 and UCP6 were higher for sulfate and thiosulfate than for any other substrate, whereas the specific activity of UCP5 was much higher than that of UCP6. It is proposed that a main physiological role of UCP5 and UCP6 is to catalyze the export of sulfite and thiosulfate (the H2S degradation products) from the mitochondria, thereby modulating the level of the important signal molecule H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggiero Gorgoglione
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Porcelli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Santoro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Daddabbo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vozza
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Di Noia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy
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29
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Giangregorio N, Tonazzi A, Console L, Pistillo M, Scalera V, Indiveri C. Tryptophan 224 of the rat mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier is crucial for the antiport mechanism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:708-716. [PMID: 31340138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (CACT) catalyzes an antiport of carnitine and acylcarnitines and also a uniport reaction with a rate of about one tenth with respect to the antiport rate. The antiport process results from the coupling of the two uniport reactions in opposite directions. In this mechanism, the transition of the carrier from the outward open conformation to the inward open one (or vice versa) is much faster for the carrier-substrate complex than for the unbound carrier. To investigate the molecular determinants that couple the binding of the substrate with the conformational transitions, site directed mutagenesis has been employed. The antiport or the uniport reaction was followed as [3H]carnitine uptake in or efflux from proteoliposomes reconstituted with the WT or Trp mutants of the rat CACT. Substitution of each the three Trp residues led to different results. Nearly no variations were observed upon substitution of W192 and/or W296 with Ala. While, substantial alteration of the transport function was observed in the mutants W224A, W224Y and W224F. Mutation of W224 led to the loss of the antiport function while the uniport function was unaltered. In these mutants impairment of the substrate affinity on the external side was also observed. The data highlights that W224 is involved in the coupling of the substrate binding with the matrix gate opening. The experimental data are in line with predictions by homology modeling of the CACT in its cytosolic (c-state) or matrix (m-state) opened conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Giangregorio
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tonazzi
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariella Pistillo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Scalera
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
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30
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Console L, Giangregorio N, Cellamare S, Bolognino I, Palasciano M, Indiveri C, Incampo G, Campana S, Tonazzi A. Human mitochondrial carnitine acylcarnitine carrier: Molecular target of dietary bioactive polyphenols from sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:179-185. [PMID: 31063765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of polyphenols, recognized as the principal antioxidant and beneficial molecules introduced with the diet, extracted from sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) on the recombinant human mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter (CACT) has been studied in proteoliposomes. CACT transport activity, which was strongly impaired after oxidation by atmospheric O2 or H2O2, due to the formation of a disulfide bridge between cysteines 136 and 155, was restored by externally added polyphenols. CACT reduction by polyphenols was time dependent. Spectroscopic analysis of polyphenolic extracts revealed eight most represented compounds in four cultivars. Molecular docking of CACT structural omology model with the most either abundant and arguably bio-available phenolic compound (trans 3-O-feruloyl-quinic acid) of the mix, is in agreement with the experimental data since it results located in the active site close to cysteine 136 at the bottom of the translocation aqueous cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Via Bucci 4C, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Nicola Giangregorio
- CNR-IBIOM (Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology), via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Via Orabona 4, 70125, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Saverio Cellamare
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Via Orabona 4, 70125, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Bolognino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Via Orabona 4, 70125, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Marino Palasciano
- DiSSPA (Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science), University of Bari, via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Via Bucci 4C, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; CNR-IBIOM (Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology), via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Incampo
- CNR-IBIOM (Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology), via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Via Orabona 4, 70125, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Campana
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Via Orabona 4, 70125, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tonazzi
- CNR-IBIOM (Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology), via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy; Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Via Orabona 4, 70125, University of Bari, Italy.
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31
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Mitochondrial Citrate Transporters CtpA and YhmA Are Required for Extracellular Citric Acid Accumulation and Contribute to Cytosolic Acetyl Coenzyme A Generation in Aspergillus luchuensis mut. kawachii. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.03136-18. [PMID: 30737343 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03136-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus luchuensis mut. kawachii (A. kawachii) produces a large amount of citric acid during the process of fermenting shochu, a traditional Japanese distilled spirit. In this study, we characterized A. kawachii CtpA and YhmA, which are homologous to the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial citrate transporters Ctp1 and Yhm2, respectively. CtpA and YhmA were purified from A. kawachii and reconstituted into liposomes. The proteoliposomes exhibited only counterexchange transport activity; CtpA transported citrate using countersubstrates, especially cis-aconitate and malate, whereas YhmA transported citrate using a wider variety of countersubstrates, including citrate, 2-oxoglutarate, malate, cis-aconitate, and succinate. Disruption of ctpA and yhmA caused deficient hyphal growth and conidium formation with reduced mycelial weight-normalized citrate production. Because we could not obtain a ΔctpA ΔyhmA strain, we constructed an S-tagged ctpA (ctpA-S) conditional expression strain in the ΔyhmA background using the Tet-On promoter system. Knockdown of ctpA-S in ΔyhmA resulted in a severe growth defect on minimal medium with significantly reduced acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and lysine levels, indicating that double disruption of ctpA and yhmA leads to synthetic lethality; however, we subsequently found that the severe growth defect was relieved by addition of acetate or lysine, which could remedy the acetyl-CoA level. Our results indicate that CtpA and YhmA are mitochondrial citrate transporters involved in citric acid production and that transport of citrate from mitochondria to the cytosol plays an important role in acetyl-CoA biogenesis in A. kawachii IMPORTANCE Citrate transport is believed to play a significant role in citrate production by filamentous fungi; however, details of the process remain unclear. This study characterized two citrate transporters from Aspergillus luchuensis mut. kawachii Biochemical and gene disruption analyses showed that CtpA and YhmA are mitochondrial citrate transporters required for normal hyphal growth, conidium formation, cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthesis, and citric acid production. The characteristics of fungal citrate transporters elucidated in this study will help expand our understanding of the citrate production mechanism and facilitate the development and optimization of industrial organic acid fermentation processes.
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32
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Punzi G, Porcelli V, Ruggiu M, Hossain MF, Menga A, Scarcia P, Castegna A, Gorgoglione R, Pierri CL, Laera L, Lasorsa FM, Paradies E, Pisano I, Marobbio CMT, Lamantea E, Ghezzi D, Tiranti V, Giannattasio S, Donati MA, Guerrini R, Palmieri L, Palmieri F, De Grassi A. SLC25A10 biallelic mutations in intractable epileptic encephalopathy with complex I deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:499-504. [PMID: 29211846 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a plethora of inherited neuromuscular disorders sharing defects in mitochondrial respiration, but largely different from one another for genetic basis and pathogenic mechanism. Whole exome sequencing was performed in a familiar trio (trio-WES) with a child affected by severe epileptic encephalopathy associated with respiratory complex I deficiency and mitochondrial DNA depletion in skeletal muscle. By trio-WES we identified biallelic mutations in SLC25A10, a nuclear gene encoding a member of the mitochondrial carrier family. Genetic and functional analyses conducted on patient fibroblasts showed that SLC25A10 mutations are associated with reduction in RNA quantity and aberrant RNA splicing, and to absence of SLC25A10 protein and its transporting function. The yeast SLC25A10 ortholog knockout strain showed defects in mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial DNA content, similarly to what observed in the patient skeletal muscle, and growth susceptibility to oxidative stress. Albeit patient fibroblasts were depleted in the main antioxidant molecules NADPH and glutathione, transport assays demonstrated that SLC25A10 is unable to transport glutathione. Here, we report the first recessive mutations of SLC25A10 associated to an inherited severe mitochondrial neurodegenerative disorder. We propose that SLC25A10 loss-of-function causes pathological disarrangements in respiratory-demanding conditions and oxidative stress vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Punzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Porcelli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Ruggiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Md F Hossain
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Alessio Menga
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Gorgoglione
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ciro L Pierri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luna Laera
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco M Lasorsa
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Paradies
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Pisano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo M T Marobbio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lamantea
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Institute of Neurology "C. Besta", 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Institute of Neurology "C. Besta", 20126 Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Institute of Neurology "C. Besta", 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Giannattasio
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria A Donati
- Department of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital "A. Meyer", 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Department of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital "A. Meyer", 50139 Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna De Grassi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
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33
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Shelton GD, Minor KM, Li K, Naviaux JC, Monk J, Wang L, Guzik E, Guo LT, Porcelli V, Gorgoglione R, Lasorsa FM, Leegwater PJ, Persico AM, Mickelson JR, Palmieri L, Naviaux RK. A Mutation in the Mitochondrial Aspartate/Glutamate Carrier Leads to a More Oxidizing Intramitochondrial Environment and an Inflammatory Myopathy in Dutch Shepherd Dogs. J Neuromuscul Dis 2019; 6:485-501. [PMID: 31594244 PMCID: PMC6918910 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-190421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory myopathies are characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells into muscle. Typically, immune-mediated disorders such as polymyositis, dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis are diagnosed. OBJECTIVE A small family of dogs with early onset muscle weakness and inflammatory muscle biopsies were investigated for an underlying genetic cause. METHODS Following the histopathological diagnosis of inflammatory myopathy, mutational analysis including whole genome sequencing, functional transport studies of the mutated and wild-type proteins, and metabolomic analysis were performed. RESULTS Whole genome resequencing identified a pathological variant in the SLC25A12 gene, resulting in a leucine to proline substitution at amino acid 349 in the mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate transporter known as the neuron and muscle specific aspartate glutamate carrier 1 (AGC1). Functionally reconstituting recombinant wild-type and mutant AGC1 into liposomes demonstrated a dramatic decrease in AGC1 transport activity and inability to transfer reducing equivalents from the cytosol into mitochondria. Targeted, broad-spectrum metabolomic analysis from affected and control muscles demonstrated a proinflammatory milieu and strong support for oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first description of a metabolic mechanism in which ablated mitochondrial glutamate transport markedly reduced the import of reducing equivalents into mitochondria and produced a highly oxidizing and proinflammatory muscle environment and an inflammatory myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katie M. Minor
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jane C. Naviaux
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jon Monk
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Guzik
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Ling T. Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vito Porcelli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Gorgoglione
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco M. Lasorsa
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Peter J. Leegwater
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio M. Persico
- Interdepartmental Program “Autism 0–90”, “G. Martino” Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - James R. Mickelson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Robert K. Naviaux
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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34
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Giangregorio N, Tonazzi A, Console L, Galluccio M, Porcelli V, Indiveri C. Structure/function relationships of the human mitochondrial ornithine/citrulline carrier by Cys site-directed mutagenesis. Relevance to mercury toxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:93-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Li Y, Cappello AR, Muto L, Martello E, Madeo M, Curcio R, Lunetti P, Raho S, Zaffino F, Frattaruolo L, Lappano R, Malivindi R, Maggiolini M, Aiello D, Piazzolla C, Capobianco L, Fiermonte G, Dolce V. Functional characterization of the partially purified Sac1p independent adenine nucleotide transport system (ANTS) from yeast endoplasmic reticulum. J Biochem 2018; 164:313-322. [PMID: 29893873 PMCID: PMC7109914 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several ATP-depending reactions take place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER the existence of a Sac1p-dependent ATP transport system was already known, its direct involvement in ATP transport was excluded. Here we report an extensive biochemical characterization of a partially purified adenine nucleotide transport system (ANTS) not dependent on Sac1p. Highly purified ER membranes from the wild-type and Δsac1 yeast strains reconstituted into liposomes transported ATP with the same efficiency. A chromatography on hydroxyapatite was used to partially purify ANTS from Δsac1 ER extract. The two ANTS-enriched transport activity eluted fractions showed essentially the presence of four bands, one having an apparent MW of 56 kDa, similar to that observed for ANTS identified in rat liver ER. The two fractions reconstituted into liposomes efficiently transported, by a strict counter-exchange mechanism, ATP and ADP. ATP transport was saturable with a Km of 0.28 mM. The ATP/ADP exchange mechanism and the kinetic constants suggest that the main physiological role of ANTS is to catalyse the transport of ATP into ER, where it is used in several energy-requiring reactions and to export back to the cytosol the ADP produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luigina Muto
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Martello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marianna Madeo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosita Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paola Lunetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Susanna Raho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaffino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luca Frattaruolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Donatella Aiello
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Carmela Piazzolla
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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36
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Porcelli V, Vozza A, Calcagnile V, Gorgoglione R, Arrigoni R, Fontanesi F, Marobbio CMT, Castegna A, Palmieri F, Palmieri L. Molecular identification and functional characterization of a novel glutamate transporter in yeast and plant mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:1249-1258. [PMID: 30297026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes 35 members of the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) and 58 MCF members are coded by the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, most of which have been functionally characterized. Here two members of this family, Ymc2p from S. cerevisiae and BOU from Arabidopsis, have been thoroughly characterized. These proteins were overproduced in bacteria and reconstituted into liposomes. Their transport properties and kinetic parameters demonstrate that Ymc2p and BOU transport glutamate, and to a much lesser extent L-homocysteinesulfinate, but not other amino acids and many other tested metabolites. Transport catalyzed by both carriers was saturable, inhibited by mercuric chloride and dependent on the proton gradient across the proteoliposomal membrane. The growth phenotype of S. cerevisiae cells lacking the genes ymc2 and agc1, which encodes the only other S. cerevisiae carrier capable to transport glutamate besides aspartate, was fully complemented by expressing Ymc2p, Agc1p or BOU. Mitochondrial extracts derived from ymc2Δagc1Δ cells, reconstituted into liposomes, exhibited no glutamate transport at variance with wild-type, ymc2Δ and agc1Δ cells, showing that S. cerevisiae cells grown in the presence of acetate do not contain additional mitochondrial transporters for glutamate besides Ymc2p and Agc1p. Furthermore, mitochondria isolated from wild-type, ymc2Δ and agc1Δ strains, but not from the double mutant ymc2Δagc1Δ strain, swell in isosmotic ammonium glutamate showing that glutamate is transported by Ymc2p and Agc1p together with a H+. It is proposed that the function of Ymc2p and BOU is to transport glutamate across the mitochondrial inner membrane and thereby play a role in intermediary metabolism, C1 metabolism and mitochondrial protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Porcelli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vozza
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcagnile
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Gorgoglione
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Arrigoni
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
| | - Flavia Fontanesi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Carlo M T Marobbio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Bari, Italy.
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37
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Scalera V, Giangregorio N, De Leonardis S, Console L, Carulli ES, Tonazzi A. Characterization of a Novel Mitochondrial Ascorbate Transporter From Rat Liver and Potato Mitochondria. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:58. [PMID: 29998111 PMCID: PMC6028771 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mitochondrial Ascorbic Acid Transporter (MAT) from both rat liver and potato mitochondria has been reconstituted in proteoliposomes. The protein has a molecular mass in the range of 28–35 kDa and catalyzes saturable, temperature and pH dependent, unidirectional ascorbic acid transport. The transport activity is sodium independent and it is optimal at acidic pH values. It is stimulated by proton gradient, thus supporting that ascorbate is symported with H+. It is efficiently inhibited by the lysine reagent pyridoxal phosphate and it is not affected by inhibitors of other recognized plasma and mitochondrial membranes ascorbate transporters GLUT1(glucose transporter-1) or SVCT2 (sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-2). Rat protein catalyzes a cooperative ascorbate transport, being involved two binding sites; the measured K0.5 is 1.5 mM. Taking into account the experimental results we propose that the reconstituted ascorbate transporter is not a GLUT or SVCT, since it shows different biochemical features. Data of potato transporter overlap the mammalian ones, except for the kinetic parameters non-experimentally measurable, thus supporting the MAT in plants fulfills the same transport role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Scalera
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Giangregorio
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,CNR-IBIOM (Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies), Bari, Italy
| | | | - Lara Console
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Tonazzi
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,CNR-IBIOM (Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies), Bari, Italy
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38
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Chipot C, Dehez F, Schnell JR, Zitzmann N, Pebay-Peyroula E, Catoire LJ, Miroux B, Kunji ERS, Veglia G, Cross TA, Schanda P. Perturbations of Native Membrane Protein Structure in Alkyl Phosphocholine Detergents: A Critical Assessment of NMR and Biophysical Studies. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3559-3607. [PMID: 29488756 PMCID: PMC5896743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins perform a host of vital cellular functions. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms whereby they fulfill these functions requires detailed biophysical and structural investigations. Detergents have proven pivotal to extract the protein from its native surroundings. Yet, they provide a milieu that departs significantly from that of the biological membrane, to the extent that the structure, the dynamics, and the interactions of membrane proteins in detergents may considerably vary, as compared to the native environment. Understanding the impact of detergents on membrane proteins is, therefore, crucial to assess the biological relevance of results obtained in detergents. Here, we review the strengths and weaknesses of alkyl phosphocholines (or foscholines), the most widely used detergent in solution-NMR studies of membrane proteins. While this class of detergents is often successful for membrane protein solubilization, a growing list of examples points to destabilizing and denaturing properties, in particular for α-helical membrane proteins. Our comprehensive analysis stresses the importance of stringent controls when working with this class of detergents and when analyzing the structure and dynamics of membrane proteins in alkyl phosphocholine detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Chipot
- SRSMC, UMR 7019 Université de Lorraine CNRS, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54500, France
- Laboratoire
International Associé CNRS and University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54506, France
- Department
of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - François Dehez
- SRSMC, UMR 7019 Université de Lorraine CNRS, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54500, France
- Laboratoire
International Associé CNRS and University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy F-54506, France
| | - Jason R. Schnell
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Laurent J. Catoire
- Laboratory
of Biology and Physico-Chemistry of Membrane Proteins, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), UMR
7099 CNRS, Paris 75005, France
- University
Paris Diderot, Paris 75005, France
- PSL
Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Bruno Miroux
- Laboratory
of Biology and Physico-Chemistry of Membrane Proteins, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), UMR
7099 CNRS, Paris 75005, France
- University
Paris Diderot, Paris 75005, France
- PSL
Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Edmund R. S. Kunji
- Medical
Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluigi Veglia
- Department
of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, and Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy A. Cross
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Paul Schanda
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble F-38000, France
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39
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Scarcia P, Agrimi G, Germinario L, Ibrahim A, Rottensteiner H, Palmieri F, Palmieri L. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown in synthetic minimal medium supplemented with non-fermentable carbon sources glutamate is synthesized within mitochondria. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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Cys Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the Human SLC1A5 (ASCT2) Transporter: Structure/Function Relationships and Crucial Role of Cys467 for Redox Sensing and Glutamine Transport. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030648. [PMID: 29495336 PMCID: PMC5877509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The human plasma membrane transporter ASCT2 is responsible for mediating Na- dependent antiport of neutral amino acids. New insights into structure/function relationships were unveiled by a combined approach of recombinant over-expression, site-directed mutagenesis, transport assays in proteoliposomes and bioinformatics. WT and Cys mutants of hASCT2 were produced in P. pastoris and purified for functional assay. The reactivity towards SH reducing and oxidizing agents of WT protein was investigated and opposite effects were revealed; transport activity increased upon treatment with the Cys reducing agent DTE, i.e., when Cys residues were in thiol (reduced) state. Methyl-Hg, which binds to SH groups, was able to inhibit WT and seven out of eight Cys to Ala mutants. On the contrary, C467A loses the sensitivity to both DTE activation and Methyl-Hg inhibition. The C467A mutant showed a Km for Gln one order of magnitude higher than that of WT. Moreover, the C467 residue is localized in the substrate binding region of the protein, as suggested by bioinformatics on the basis of the EAAT1 structure comparison. Taken together, the experimental data allowed identifying C467 residue as crucial for substrate binding and for transport activity modulation of hASCT2.
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41
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Monné M, Daddabbo L, Gagneul D, Obata T, Hielscher B, Palmieri L, Miniero DV, Fernie AR, Weber APM, Palmieri F. Uncoupling proteins 1 and 2 (UCP1 and UCP2) from Arabidopsis thaliana are mitochondrial transporters of aspartate, glutamate, and dicarboxylates. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4213-4227. [PMID: 29371401 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains 58 members of the solute carrier family SLC25, also called the mitochondrial carrier family, many of which have been shown to transport specific metabolites, nucleotides, and cofactors across the mitochondrial membrane. Here, two Arabidopsis members of this family, AtUCP1 and AtUCP2, which were previously thought to be uncoupling proteins and hence named UCP1/PUMP1 and UCP2/PUMP2, respectively, are assigned with a novel function. They were expressed in bacteria, purified, and reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles. Their transport properties demonstrate that they transport amino acids (aspartate, glutamate, cysteine sulfinate, and cysteate), dicarboxylates (malate, oxaloacetate, and 2-oxoglutarate), phosphate, sulfate, and thiosulfate. Transport was saturable and inhibited by mercurials and other mitochondrial carrier inhibitors to various degrees. AtUCP1 and AtUCP2 catalyzed a fast counterexchange transport as well as a low uniport of substrates, with transport rates of AtUCP1 being much higher than those of AtUCP2 in both cases. The aspartate/glutamate heteroexchange mediated by AtUCP1 and AtUCP2 is electroneutral, in contrast to that mediated by the mammalian mitochondrial aspartate glutamate carrier. Furthermore, both carriers were found to be targeted to mitochondria. Metabolite profiling of single and double knockouts shows changes in organic acid and amino acid levels. Notably, AtUCP1 and AtUCP2 are the first reported mitochondrial carriers in Arabidopsis to transport aspartate and glutamate. It is proposed that the primary function of AtUCP1 and AtUCP2 is to catalyze an aspartateout/glutamatein exchange across the mitochondrial membrane and thereby contribute to the export of reducing equivalents from the mitochondria in photorespiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Monné
- From the Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.,the Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Lucia Daddabbo
- From the Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - David Gagneul
- the Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- the Department Willmitzer, Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, and
| | - Björn Hielscher
- the Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- From the Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.,the Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Valeria Miniero
- From the Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- the Department Willmitzer, Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany, and
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- the Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- From the Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy, .,the Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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42
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Christenson ET, Gallegos AS, Banerjee A. In vitro reconstitution, functional dissection, and mutational analysis of metal ion transport by mitoferrin-1. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3819-3828. [PMID: 29305420 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.817478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is universally important to cellular metabolism, and mitoferrin-1 and -2 have been proposed to be the iron importers of mitochondria, the cell's assembly plant of heme and iron-sulfur clusters. These iron-containing prosthetic groups are critical for a host of physiological processes ranging from oxygen transport and energy consumption to maintaining protein structural integrity. Mitoferrin-1 (Mfrn1) belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (MC) family and is atypical given its putative metallic cargo; most MCs transport nucleotides, amino acids, or other small- to medium-size metabolites. Despite the clear importance of Mfrn1 in iron utilization, its transport activity has not been demonstrated unambiguously. To bridge this knowledge gap, we have purified recombinant Mfrn1 under non-denaturing conditions and probed its metal ion-binding and transport functions. Isothermal titration calorimetry indicates that Mfrn1 has micromolar affinity for Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II), and Ni(II). Mfrn1 was incorporated into defined liposomes, and iron transport was reconstituted in vitro, demonstrating that Mfrn1 can transport iron. Mfrn1 can also transport manganese, cobalt, copper, and zinc but discriminates against nickel. Experiments with candidate ligands for cellular labile iron reveal that Mfrn1 transports free iron and not a chelated iron complex and selects against alkali divalent ions. Extensive mutagenesis identified multiple residues that are crucial for metal binding, transport activity, or both. There is a clear abundance of residues with side chains that can coordinate first-row transition metal ions, suggesting that these could form primary or auxiliary metal-binding sites during the transport process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Christenson
- From the Unit on Structural and Chemical Biology of Membrane Proteins, Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Austin S Gallegos
- From the Unit on Structural and Chemical Biology of Membrane Proteins, Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- From the Unit on Structural and Chemical Biology of Membrane Proteins, Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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43
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Balico LDLDL, de Souza Santos E, Suzuki-Hatano S, Sousa LO, Azzolini AECS, Lucisano-Valim YM, Dinamarco TM, Kannen V, Uyemura SA. Heterologous expression of mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transporter (Ndt1) from Aspergillus fumigatus rescues impaired growth in Δndt1Δndt2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 49:423-435. [PMID: 29128917 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide mitochondrial transporter 1 (Ndt1A) in Aspergillus fumigatus remains poor. Thus, we investigated whether Ndt1A could alter fungi survival. To this end, we engineered the expression of an Ndt1A-encoding region in a Δndt1Δndt2 yeast strain. The resulting cloned Ndt1A protein promoted the mitochondrial uptake of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), generating a large mitochondrial membrane potential. The NAD+ carrier utilized the electrochemical proton gradient to drive NAD+ entrance into mitochondria when the mitochondrial membrane potential was sustained by succinate. Its uptake has no impact on oxidative stress, and Ndt1A expression improved growth and survival of the Δndt1Δndt2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vinicius Kannen
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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44
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Potent inhibitors of human LAT1 (SLC7A5) transporter based on dithiazole and dithiazine compounds for development of anticancer drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 143:39-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Monné M, Daddabbo L, Giannossa LC, Nicolardi MC, Palmieri L, Miniero DV, Mangone A, Palmieri F. Mitochondrial ATP-Mg/phosphate carriers transport divalent inorganic cations in complex with ATP. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 49:369-380. [PMID: 28695448 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-017-9721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-Mg/phosphate carriers (APCs) modulate the intramitochondrial adenine nucleotide pool size. In this study the concentration-dependent effects of Mg2+ and other divalent cations (Me2+) on the transport of [3H]ATP in liposomes reconstituted with purified human and Arabidopsis APCs (hAPCs and AtAPCs, respectively, including some lacking their N-terminal domains) have been investigated. The transport of Me2+ mediated by these proteins was also measured. In the presence of a low external concentration of [3H]ATP (12 μM) and increasing concentrations of Me2+, Mg2+ stimulated the activity (measured as initial transport rate of [3H]ATP) of hAPCs and decreased that of AtAPCs; Fe2+ and Zn2+ stimulated markedly hAPCs and moderately AtAPCs; Ca2+ and Mn2+ markedly AtAPCs and moderately hAPCs; and Cu2+ decreased the activity of both hAPCs and AtAPCs. All the Me2+-dependent effects correlated well with the amount of ATP-Me complex present. The transport of [14C]AMP, which has a much lower ability of complexation than ATP, was not affected by the presence of the Me2+ tested, except Cu2+. Furthermore, the transport of [3H]ATP catalyzed by the ATP/ADP carrier, which is known to transport only free ATP and ADP, was inhibited by all the Me2+ tested in an inverse relationship with the formation of the ATP-Me complex. Finally, direct measurements of Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ showed that they are cotransported with ATP by both hAPCs and AtAPCs. It is likely that in vivo APCs transport free ATP and ATP-Mg complex to different degrees, and probably trace amounts of other Me2+ in complex with ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Lucia Daddabbo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Nicolardi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Valeria Miniero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarosa Mangone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy. .,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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46
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Goubert E, Mircheva Y, Lasorsa FM, Melon C, Profilo E, Sutera J, Becq H, Palmieri F, Palmieri L, Aniksztejn L, Molinari F. Inhibition of the Mitochondrial Glutamate Carrier SLC25A22 in Astrocytes Leads to Intracellular Glutamate Accumulation. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:149. [PMID: 28620281 PMCID: PMC5449474 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier family 25 (SLC25) drives the import of a large diversity of metabolites into mitochondria, a key cellular structure involved in many metabolic functions. Mutations of the mitochondrial glutamate carrier SLC25A22 (also named GC1) have been identified in early epileptic encephalopathy (EEE) and migrating partial seizures in infancy (MPSI) but the pathophysiological mechanism of GC1 deficiency is still unknown, hampered by the absence of an in vivo model. This carrier is mainly expressed in astrocytes and is the principal gate for glutamate entry into mitochondria. A sufficient supply of energy is essential for the proper function of the brain and mitochondria have a pivotal role in maintaining energy homeostasis. In this work, we wanted to study the consequences of GC1 absence in an in vitro model in order to understand if glutamate catabolism and/or mitochondrial function could be affected. First, short hairpin RNA (shRNA) designed to specifically silence GC1 were validated in rat C6 glioma cells. Silencing GC1 in C6 resulted in a reduction of the GC1 mRNA combined with a decrease of the mitochondrial glutamate carrier activity. Then, primary astrocyte cultures were prepared and transfected with shRNA-GC1 or mismatch-RNA (mmRNA) constructs using the Neon® Transfection System in order to target a high number of primary astrocytes, more than 64%. Silencing GC1 in primary astrocytes resulted in a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (Phosphate) (NAD(P)H) formation upon glutamate stimulation. We also observed that the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) was functional after glucose stimulation but not activated by glutamate, resulting in a lower level of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in silenced astrocytes compared to control cells. Moreover, GC1 inactivation resulted in an intracellular glutamate accumulation. Our results show that mitochondrial glutamate transport via GC1 is important in sustaining glutamate homeostasis in astrocytes. Main Points:The mitochondrial respiratory chain is functional in absence of GC1 Lack of glutamate oxidation results in a lower global ATP level Lack of mitochondrial glutamate transport results in intracellular glutamate accumulation
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanina Mircheva
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille UniversitéMarseille, France.,Centre De Recherche De L'Institut Universitaire En Santé Mentale de QuébecQuebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Francesco M Lasorsa
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, and CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular BiotechnologiesBari, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Profilo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, and CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular BiotechnologiesBari, Italy
| | - Julie Sutera
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille UniversitéMarseille, France
| | - Hélène Becq
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille UniversitéMarseille, France
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, and CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular BiotechnologiesBari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, and CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular BiotechnologiesBari, Italy
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47
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Tonazzi A, Giangregorio N, Console L, De Palma A, Indiveri C. Nitric oxide inhibits the mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier through reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteine 136. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:475-482. [PMID: 28438511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation of the mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter (CACT) has been investigated on the native and the recombinant proteins reconstituted in proteoliposomes, and on intact mitochondria. The widely-used NO-releasing compound, GSNO, strongly inhibited the antiport measured in proteoliposomes reconstituted with the native CACT from rat liver mitochondria or the recombinant rat CACT over-expressed in E. coli. Inhibition was reversed by the reducing agent dithioerythritol, indicating a reaction mechanism based on nitrosylation of Cys residues of the CACT. The half inhibition constant (IC50) was very similar for the native and recombinant proteins, i.e., 74 and 71μM, respectively. The inhibition resulted to be competitive with respect the substrate, carnitine. NO competed also with NEM, correlating well with previous data showing interference of NEM with the substrate transport path. Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach on Cys residues of the recombinant CACT, the target of NO was identified. C136 plays a major role in the reaction mechanism. The occurrence of S-nitrosylation was demonstrated in intact mitochondria after treatment with GSNO, immunoprecipitation and immunostaining of CACT with a specific anti NO-Cys antibody. In parallel samples, transport activity of CACT measured in intact mitochondria, was strongly inhibited after GSNO treatment. The possible physiological and pathological implications of the post-translational modification of CACT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Tonazzi
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Giangregorio
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Via Bucci 4C, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Palma
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Via Bucci 4C, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
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48
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Novel insights into the transport mechanism of the human amino acid transporter LAT1 (SLC7A5). Probing critical residues for substrate translocation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:727-736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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49
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Abstract
The photorespiratory cycle is distributed over four cellular compartments, the chloroplast, peroxisomes, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Shuttling of photorespiratory intermediates between these compartments is essential to maintain the function of photorespiration. Specific transport proteins mediate the transport across biological membranes and represent important components of the cellular metabolism. Although significant progress was made in the last years on identifying and characterizing new transport proteins, the overall picture of intracellular metabolite transporters is still rather incomplete. The photorespiratory cycle requires at least 25 transmembrane transport steps; however to date only plastidic glycolate/glycerate transporter and the accessory 2-oxoglutarate/malate and glutamate/malate transporters as well as the mitochondrial transporter BOU1 have been identified. The characterization of transport proteins and defining their substrates and kinetics are still major challenges.Here we present a detailed set of protocols for the in vitro characterization of transport proteins. We provide protocols for the isolation of recombinant transport protein expressed in E. coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the extraction of total leaf membrane protein for in vitro analysis of transporter proteins. Further we explain the process of reconstituting transport proteins in artificial lipid vesicles and elucidate the details of transport assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Sven Roell
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Kuhnert
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Shirin Zamani-Nour
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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50
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Vozza A, De Leonardis F, Paradies E, De Grassi A, Pierri CL, Parisi G, Marobbio CMT, Lasorsa FM, Muto L, Capobianco L, Dolce V, Raho S, Fiermonte G. Biochemical characterization of a new mitochondrial transporter of dephosphocoenzyme A in Drosophila melanogaster. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1858:137-146. [PMID: 27836698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CoA is an essential cofactor that holds a central role in cell metabolism. Although its biosynthetic pathway is conserved across the three domains of life, the subcellular localization of the eukaryotic biosynthetic enzymes and the mechanism behind the cytosolic and mitochondrial CoA pools compartmentalization are still under debate. In humans, the transport of CoA across the inner mitochondrial membrane has been ascribed to two related genes, SLC25A16 and SLC25A42 whereas in D. melanogaster genome only one gene is present, CG4241, phylogenetically closer to SLC25A42. CG4241 encodes two alternatively spliced isoforms, dPCoAC-A and dPCoAC-B. Both isoforms were expressed in Escherichia coli, but only dPCoAC-A was successfully reconstituted into liposomes, where transported dPCoA and, to a lesser extent, ADP and dADP but not CoA, which was a powerful competitive inhibitor. The expression of both isoforms in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain lacking the endogenous putative mitochondrial CoA carrier restored the growth on respiratory carbon sources and the mitochondrial levels of CoA. The results reported here and the proposed subcellular localization of some of the enzymes of the fruit fly CoA biosynthetic pathway, suggest that dPCoA may be synthesized and phosphorylated to CoA in the matrix, but it can also be transported by dPCoAC to the cytosol, where it may be phosphorylated to CoA by the monofunctional dPCoA kinase. Thus, dPCoAC may connect the cytosolic and mitochondrial reactions of the CoA biosynthetic pathway without allowing the two CoA pools to get in contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Vozza
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco De Leonardis
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Paradies
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Anna De Grassi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Parisi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Carlo Marya Thomas Marobbio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Massimo Lasorsa
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Luigina Muto
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Susanna Raho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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