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Li XD, Jiang GF, Li R, Bai Y, Zhang GS, Xu SJ, Deng WA. Molecular strategies of the pygmy grasshopper Eucriotettix oculatus adapting to long-term heavy metal pollution. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116301. [PMID: 38599159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
To study the heavy metal accumulation and its impact on insect exterior and chromosome morphology, and reveal the molecular mechanism of insects adapting to long-term heavy metal compound pollution habitats, this study, in the Diaojiang river basin, which has been polluted by heavy metals(HMs) for nearly a thousand years, two Eucriotettix oculatus populations was collected from mining and non-mining areas. It was found that the contents of 7 heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Sn, Sb) in E. oculatus of the mining area were higher than that in the non-mining 1-11 times. The analysis of morphology shows that the external morphology, the hind wing type and the chromosomal morphology of E. oculatus are significant differences between the two populations. Based on the heavy metal accumulation,morphological change, and stable population density, it is inferred that the mining area population has been affected by heavy metals and has adapted to the environment of heavy metals pollution. Then, by analyzing the transcriptome of the two populations, it was found that the digestion, immunity, excretion, endocrine, nerve, circulation, reproductive and other systems and lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and other cell structure-related gene expression were suppressed. This shows that the functions of the above-mentioned related systems of E. oculatus are inhibited by heavy metal stress. However, it has also been found that through the significant up-regulation of genes related to the above system, such as ATP2B, pepsin A, ubiquitin, AQP1, ACOX, ATPeV0A, SEC61A, CANX, ALDH7A1, DLD, aceE, Hsp40, and catalase, etc., and the down-regulation of MAPK signalling pathway genes, can enhanced nutrient absorption, improve energy metabolism, repair damaged cells and degrade abnormal proteins, maintain the stability of cells and systems, and resist heavy metal damage so that E. oculatus can adapt to the environment of heavy metal pollution for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University Yizhou 546300, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Guo-Fang Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, China; College of Oceanology and Food Sciences, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
| | - Ran Li
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yi Bai
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 317000, China
| | - Guo-Song Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Shu-Juan Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang 745000, China
| | - Wei-An Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University Yizhou 546300, China; College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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2
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Potential of Capric Acid in Neurological Disorders: An Overview. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:697-712. [PMID: 36342577 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To solve the restrictions of a classical ketogenic diet, a modified medium-chain triglyceride diet was introduced which required only around 60% of dietary energy. Capric acid (CA), a small molecule, is one of the main components because its metabolic profile offers itself as an alternate source of energy to the brain in the form of ketone bodies. This is possible with the combined capability of CA to cross the blood-brain barrier and achieve a concentration of 50% concentration in the brain more than any other fatty acid in plasma. Natural sources of CA include vegetable oils such as palm oil and coconut oil, mammalian milk and some seeds. Several studies have shown that CA has varied action on targets that include AMPA receptors, PPAR-γ, inflammatory/oxidative stress pathways and gut dysbiosis. Based on these lines of evidence, CA has proved to be effective in the amelioration of neurological diseases such as epilepsy, affective disorders and Alzheimer's disease. But these studies still warrant more pre-clinical and clinical studies that would further prove its efficacy. Hence, to understand the potential of CA in brain disease and associated comorbid conditions, an advance and rigorous molecular mechanistic study, apart from the reported in-vitro/in-vivo studies, is urgently required for the development of this compound through clinical setups.
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3
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Liu H, Ning F, Lash GE. Contribution of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis to spiral artery remodeling in early human pregnancy. Placenta 2022; 120:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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McMahon DB, Kuek LE, Johnson ME, Johnson PO, Horn RL, Carey RM, Adappa ND, Palmer JN, Lee RJ. The bitter end: T2R bitter receptor agonists elevate nuclear calcium and induce apoptosis in non-ciliated airway epithelial cells. Cell Calcium 2022; 101:102499. [PMID: 34839223 PMCID: PMC8752513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) localize to airway motile cilia and initiate innate immune responses in retaliation to bacterial quorum sensing molecules. Activation of cilia T2Rs leads to calcium-driven NO production that increases cilia beating and directly kills bacteria. Several diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis, COPD, and cystic fibrosis, are characterized by loss of motile cilia and/or squamous metaplasia. To understand T2R function within the altered landscape of airway disease, we studied T2Rs in non-ciliated airway cell lines and primary cells. Several T2Rs localize to the nucleus in de-differentiated cells that typically localize to cilia in differentiated cells. As cilia and nuclear import utilize shared proteins, some T2Rs may target to the nucleus in the absence of motile cilia. T2R agonists selectively elevated nuclear and mitochondrial calcium through a G-protein-coupled receptor phospholipase C mechanism. Additionally, T2R agonists decreased nuclear cAMP, increased nitric oxide, and increased cGMP, consistent with T2R signaling. Furthermore, exposure to T2R agonists led to nuclear calcium-induced mitochondrial depolarization and caspase activation. T2R agonists induced apoptosis in primary bronchial and nasal cells differentiated at air-liquid interface but then induced to a squamous phenotype by apical submersion. Air-exposed well-differentiated cells did not die. This may be a last-resort defense against bacterial infection. However, it may also increase susceptibility of de-differentiated or remodeled epithelia to damage by bacterial metabolites. Moreover, the T2R-activated apoptosis pathway occurs in airway cancer cells. T2Rs may thus contribute to microbiome-tumor cell crosstalk in airway cancers. Targeting T2Rs may be useful for activating cancer cell apoptosis while sparing surrounding tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B. McMahon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Correspondence: Derek B. McMahon, PhD or Robert J. Lee, PhD, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA, 215-573-9766, (D.B.M.) or (R.J.L)
| | - Li Eon Kuek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madeline E. Johnson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paige O. Johnson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel L.J. Horn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan M. Carey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nithin D. Adappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James N. Palmer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Correspondence: Derek B. McMahon, PhD or Robert J. Lee, PhD, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA, 215-573-9766, (D.B.M.) or (R.J.L)
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5
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Carey RM, McMahon DB, Miller ZA, Kim T, Rajasekaran K, Gopallawa I, Newman JG, Basu D, Nead KT, White EA, Lee RJ. T2R bitter taste receptors regulate apoptosis and may be associated with survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1474-1492. [PMID: 34717036 PMCID: PMC8978516 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Better management of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) requires a clearer understanding of tumor biology and disease risk. Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) have been studied in several cancers, including thyroid, salivary, and GI, but their role in HNSCC has not been explored. We found that HNSCC patient samples and cell lines expressed functional T2Rs on both the cell and nuclear membranes. Bitter compounds, including bacterial metabolites, activated T2R‐mediated nuclear Ca2+ responses leading to mitochondrial depolarization, caspase activation, and ultimately apoptosis. Buffering nuclear Ca2+ elevation blocked caspase activation. Furthermore, increased expression of T2Rs in HNSCCs from The Cancer Genome Atlas is associated with improved overall survival. This work suggests that T2Rs are potential biomarkers to predict outcomes and guide treatment selection, may be leveraged as therapeutic targets to stimulate tumor apoptosis, and may mediate tumor‐microbiome crosstalk in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Carey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Derek B McMahon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zoey A Miller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - TaeBeom Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karthik Rajasekaran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Indiwari Gopallawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason G Newman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Devraj Basu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin T Nead
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth A White
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Roychowdhury T, Chattopadhyay S. Chemical Decorations of "MARs" Residents in Orchestrating Eukaryotic Gene Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602994. [PMID: 33409278 PMCID: PMC7779526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome organization plays a crucial role in gene regulation, orchestrating multiple cellular functions. A meshwork of proteins constituting a three-dimensional (3D) matrix helps in maintaining the genomic architecture. Sequences of DNA that are involved in tethering the chromatin to the matrix are called scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs), and the proteins that bind to these sequences and mediate tethering are termed S/MAR-binding proteins (S/MARBPs). The regulation of S/MARBPs is important for cellular functions and is altered under different conditions. Limited information is available presently to understand the structure–function relationship conclusively. Although all S/MARBPs bind to DNA, their context- and tissue-specific regulatory roles cannot be justified solely based on the available information on their structures. Conformational changes in a protein lead to changes in protein–protein interactions (PPIs) that essentially would regulate functional outcomes. A well-studied form of protein regulation is post-translational modification (PTM). It involves disulfide bond formation, cleavage of precursor proteins, and addition or removal of low-molecular-weight groups, leading to modifications like phosphorylation, methylation, SUMOylation, acetylation, PARylation, and ubiquitination. These chemical modifications lead to varied functional outcomes by mechanisms like modifying DNA–protein interactions and PPIs, altering protein function, stability, and crosstalk with other PTMs regulating subcellular localizations. S/MARBPs are reported to be regulated by PTMs, thereby contributing to gene regulation. In this review, we discuss the current understanding, scope, disease implications, and future perspectives of the diverse PTMs regulating functions of S/MARBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India.,Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, India.,Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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7
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Xu S, Wu Q, Wu J, Kou H, Zhu Y, Ning C, Dai K. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of nanocrystallized silicocarnotite biomaterial with improved sinterability and osteogenic activity. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3092-3103. [PMID: 32207759 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02855b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been proved that silicon-substituted calcium phosphate ceramics possess superior bone regeneration and resorbability to HA, while the synthesis of single-phase nanocrystallized high Si-containing calcium phosphate is still a challenge. In the present work, a novel and facile aqueous precipitation method assisted with ultrasonic irradiation was adopted firstly to synthesise a single-phase nanocrystallized calcium silicophosphate (Ca5(PO4)2SiO4, CPS) biomaterial. Crystallization and morphology of Si-apatite precursors synthesized with or without ultrasonic assistance were primarily investigated and the related mechanism was discussed. Moreover, the sinterability, in vitro bioactivity and osteogenic activity of the synthesized CPS were studied in detail. Results showed that an ultrasonic cavitation effect could be beneficial to form a highly dispersive CPS precursor with a single Si-apatite phase, which greatly reduced the calcination temperature of CPS from 1350 °C to 1000 °C. Nanocrystallized CPS powders were obtained successfully under ultrasound-assisted conditions, which showed superior sinterability, in vitro bioactivity and osteogenic activity than those of micron-sized CPS and HA powders. It might be a promising candidate material for bone tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Nakagawa C, Suzuki-Karasaki M, Suzuki-Karasaki M, Ochiai T, Suzuki-Karasaki Y. The Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Overload via Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ Entry Contributes to an Anti-Melanoma Effect of Diallyl Trisulfide. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E491. [PMID: 31940976 PMCID: PMC7013499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium vegetables such as garlic (Allium sativum L.) are rich in organosulfur compounds that prevent human chronic diseases, including cancer. Of these, diallyl trisulfide (DATS) exhibits anticancer effects against a variety of tumors, including malignant melanoma. Although previous studies have shown that DATS increases intracellular calcium (Ca2+) in different cancer cell types, the role of Ca2+ in the anticancer effect is obscure. In the present study, we investigated the Ca2+ pathways involved in the anti-melanoma effect. We used melittin, the bee venom that can activate a store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and apoptosis, as a reference. DATS increased apoptosis in human melanoma cell lines in a Ca2+-dependent manner. It also induced mitochondrial Ca2+ (Ca2+mit) overload through intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ fluxes independently of SOCE. Strikingly, acidification augmented Ca2+mit overload, and Ca2+ channel blockers reduced the effect more significantly under acidic pH conditions. On the contrary, acidification mitigated SOCE and Ca2+mit overload caused by melittin. Finally, Ca2+ channel blockers entirely inhibited the anti-melanoma effect of DATS. Our findings suggest that DATS explicitly evokes Ca2+mit overload via a non-SOCE, thereby displaying the anti-melanoma effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinatsu Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo 101-830, Japan; (C.N.); (T.O.)
- Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2813, Japan; (M.S.-K.); (M.S.-K.)
| | | | - Miki Suzuki-Karasaki
- Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2813, Japan; (M.S.-K.); (M.S.-K.)
| | - Toyoko Ochiai
- Department of Dermatology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo 101-830, Japan; (C.N.); (T.O.)
- Plasma ChemiBio Laboratory, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2813, Japan; (M.S.-K.); (M.S.-K.)
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9
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Protective effects of echinacoside against anoxia/reperfusion injury in H9c2 cells via up-regulating p-AKT and SLC8A3. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:52-59. [PMID: 29763795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinacoside is a natural ingredient with various pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of echinacoside on cardiomyocytes (rat H9c2 cells) in an anoxia/reperfusion (A/R) model. Further, the regulatory function of sodium-calcium exchanger protein 3 (SLC8A3/NCX3) as well as the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling were studied. The present results indicated that echinacoside protected against A/R-induced apoptosis in a dose manner, which was characterized by a decrease in the apoptosis and caspase 3 protein levels in H9c2 cells. Further, Ca2+ uptake were dose-dependently reduced in H9c2 cells by echinacoside under A/R conditions. Whereas, relative mRNA expression of SLC8A3 and protein levels of SLC8A3 and p-AKT showed opposite tendency. On the one hand, the A/R-induced abnormalities in H9c2 cells were remarkably ameliorated by activated p-AKT and over-expression of SLC8A3 but aggravated by inhibited p-AKT, and the aggravated effection were ameliorated by echinacoside. Moreover, protein levels of SLC8A3 were positively regulated by p-AKT signaling. On the other hand, apoptosis and Ca2+ uptake as well as protein levels of caspase 3 were significantly increased by SLC8A3 silencing in H9c2 cells under normoxic conditions, and this symptom was remarkably reversed by echinacoside or Nimodipine (an antagonis of Ca2+) treatment. Collectively, echinacoside has showed a cardioprotective effect against A/R treatment in a dose dependent manner in vitro, and this cardioprotective effect was potentially achieved via up-regulating p-AKT and SLC8A3.
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10
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Calcium and Nuclear Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041237. [PMID: 29671777 PMCID: PMC5979488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there have been a number of developments in the fields of calcium and nuclear signaling that point to new avenues for a more effective diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. An example is the discovery of new classes of molecules involved in calcium-regulated nuclear import and nuclear calcium signaling, from the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and myosin families. This review surveys the new state of the calcium and nuclear signaling fields with the aim of identifying the unifying themes that hold out promise in the context of the problems presented by prostate cancer. Genomic perturbations, kinase cascades, developmental pathways, and channels and transporters are covered, with an emphasis on nuclear transport and functions. Special attention is paid to the molecular mechanisms behind prostate cancer progression to the malignant forms and the unfavorable response to anti-androgen treatment. The survey leads to some new hypotheses that connect heretofore disparate results and may present a translational interest.
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11
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Hill RA, Damisah EC, Chen F, Kwan AC, Grutzendler J. Targeted two-photon chemical apoptotic ablation of defined cell types in vivo. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28621306 PMCID: PMC5501159 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major bottleneck limiting understanding of mechanisms and consequences of cell death in complex organisms is the inability to induce and visualize this process with spatial and temporal precision in living animals. Here we report a technique termed two-photon chemical apoptotic targeted ablation (2Phatal) that uses focal illumination with a femtosecond-pulsed laser to bleach a nucleic acid-binding dye causing dose-dependent apoptosis of individual cells without collateral damage. Using 2Phatal, we achieve precise ablation of distinct populations of neurons, glia and pericytes in the mouse brain and in zebrafish. When combined with organelle-targeted fluorescent proteins and biosensors, we uncover previously unrecognized cell-type differences in patterns of apoptosis and associated dynamics of ribosomal disassembly, calcium overload and mitochondrial fission. 2Phatal provides a powerful and rapidly adoptable platform to investigate in vivo functional consequences and neural plasticity following cell death as well as apoptosis, cell clearance and tissue remodelling in diverse organs and species. Investigating cell death in living organisms is hampered by a lack of techniques to induce apoptosis with spatial and temporal precision without collateral damage. Here the authors develop two-photon chemical apoptotic targeted ablation (2Phatal), allowing studies of apoptosis and its functional consequences in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Eyiyemisi C Damisah
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Fuyi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Alex C Kwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Jaime Grutzendler
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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12
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Jameel E, Naz H, Khan P, Tarique M, Kumar J, Mumtazuddin S, Ahamad S, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hoda N, Hassan MI. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pyrimidine derivatives as potential inhibitors of human calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 89:741-754. [PMID: 27809417 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMKIV) is a multifunctional Ser/Thr kinase, associated with cerebral hypoxia, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of seven pyrimidine-substituted novel inhibitors of CAMKIV. We successfully synthesized and extensively characterized (ESI-MS, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR studies) seven compounds that are showing appreciable binding affinity to the CAMKIV. Molecular docking and fluorescence binding studies revealed that compound 1 is showing very high binding free energy (ΔG = -11.52 kcal/mol) and binding affinity (K = 9.2 × 1010 m-1 ) to the CAMKIV. We further performed MTT assay to check the cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of these compounds. An appreciable IC50 (39 μm) value of compound 1 was observed on human hepatoma cell line and nontoxic till the 400 μm on human embryonic kidney cells. To ensure anticancer activity of all these compounds, we further performed propidium iodide assay to evaluate cell viability and DNA content during the cell cycle. We found that compound 1 is again showing a better anticancer activity on both human hepatoma and human embryonic kidney cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Jameel
- Department of Chemistry, B.R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Huma Naz
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Parvez Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Tarique
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Mumtazuddin
- Department of Chemistry, B.R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Shahzaib Ahamad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, IFTM, Moradabad, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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13
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Naz H, Shahbaaz M, Bisetty K, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Effect of pH on the structure, function, and stability of human calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV: combined spectroscopic and MD simulation studies. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:221-8. [PMID: 27032767 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMKIV) is a member of Ser/Thr protein kinase family. It is regulated by the calcium-calmodulin dependent signal through a secondary messenger, Ca(2+), which leads to the activation of its autoinhibited form. The over-expression and mutation in CAMKIV as well as change in Ca(2+) concentration is often associated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. We have successfully cloned, expressed, and purified a functionally active kinase domain of human CAMKIV. To observe the effect of different pH conditions on the structural and functional properties of CAMKIV, we have used spectroscopic techniques such as circular diachroism (CD) absorbance and fluorescence. We have observed that within the pH range 5.0-11.5, CAMKIV maintained both its secondary and tertiary structures, along with its function, whereas significant aggregation was observed at acidic pH (2.0-4.5). We have also performed ATPase activity assays under different pH conditions and found a significant correlation between the structure and enzymatic activities of CAMKIV. In-silico validations were further carried out by modeling the 3-dimensional structure of CAMKIV and then subjecting it to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to understand its conformational behavior in explicit water conditions. A strong correlation between spectroscopic observations and the output of molecular dynamics simulation was observed for CAMKIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Naz
- a Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohd Shahbaaz
- b Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban-4000, South Africa
| | - Krishna Bisetty
- b Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban-4000, South Africa
| | - Asimul Islam
- a Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- a Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- a Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV: A multifunctional enzyme and potential therapeutic target. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 121:54-65. [PMID: 26773169 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMKIV) belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family, and is primarily involved in transcriptional regulation in lymphocytes, neurons and male germ cells. CAMKIV operates the signaling cascade and regulates activity of several transcription activators by phosphorylation, which in turn plays pivotal roles in immune response, inflammation and memory consolidation. In this review, we tried to focus on different aspects of CAMKIV to understand the significance of this protein in the biological system. This enzyme is associated with varieties of disorders such as cerebral hypoxia, azoospermia, endometrial and ovarian cancer, systemic lupus, etc., and hence it is considered as a potential therapeutic target. Structure of CAMKIV is comprised of five distinct domains in which kinase domain is responsible for enzyme activity. CAMKIV is involved in varieties of cellular functions such as regulation of gene expression, T-cell maturation, regulation of survival phase of dendritic cells, bone growth and metabolism, memory consolidation, sperm motility, regulation of microtubule dynamics, cell-cycle progression and apoptosis. In this review, we performed an extensive analysis on structure, function and regulation of CAMKIV and associated diseases.
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Murata A, Ito Y, Kashima R, Kanbayashi S, Nanatani K, Igarashi C, Okumura M, Inaba K, Tokino T, Takahashi S, Kamagata K. One-Dimensional Sliding of p53 Along DNA Is Accelerated in the Presence of Ca2+ or Mg2+ at Millimolar Concentrations. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:2663-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Hoda N, Naz H, Jameel E, Shandilya A, Dey S, Hassan MI, Ahmad F, Jayaram B. Curcumin specifically binds to the human calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV: fluorescence and molecular dynamics simulation studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 34:572-84. [PMID: 25929263 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1046934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CAMK4) plays significant role in the regulation of calcium-dependent gene expression, and thus, it is involved in varieties of cellular functions such as cell signaling and neuronal survival. On the other hand, curcumin, a naturally occurring yellow bioactive component of turmeric possesses wide spectrum of biological actions, and it is widely used to treat atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, and inflammation. It also acts as an antioxidant. Here, we studied the interaction of curcumin with human CAMK4 at pH 7.4 using molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, fluorescence binding, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) methods. We performed MD simulations for both neutral and anionic forms of CAMK4-curcumin complexes for a reasonably long time (150 ns) to see the overall stability of the protein-ligand complex. Molecular docking studies revealed that the curcumin binds in the large hydrophobic cavity of kinase domain of CAMK4 through several hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonded interactions. Additionally, MD simulations studies contributed in understanding the stability of protein-ligand complex system in aqueous solution and conformational changes in the CAMK4 upon binding of curcumin. A significant increase in the fluorescence intensity at 495 nm was observed (λexc = 425 nm), suggesting a strong interaction of curcumin to the CAMK4. A high binding affinity (KD = 3.7 × 10(-8) ± .03 M) of curcumin for the CAMK4 was measured by SPR further indicating curcumin as a potential ligand for the CAMK4. This study will provide insights into designing a new inspired curcumin derivatives as therapeutic agents against many life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimul Hoda
- a Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia , Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Huma Naz
- b Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia , Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Ehtesham Jameel
- c Department of Chemistry , Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University , Muzaffarpur , Bihar 842002 , India
| | - Ashutosh Shandilya
- d Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology , Indian Institute of Technology , Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016 , India.,e Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016 , India
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- f Department of Biophysics , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi 110029 , India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- b Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia , Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- b Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia , Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - B Jayaram
- d Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology , Indian Institute of Technology , Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016 , India.,e Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016 , India
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Iakimova E, Batchvarova R, Kapchina-Toteva V, Popov T, Atanassov A, Woltering E. Inhibition of Apoptotic Cell Death Induced byPseudomonas Syringaepv.Tabaciand Mycotoxin Fumonizin B1. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2004.10817084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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18
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Huang SS, Kirchoff BK, Liao JP. Effect of heat shock on ultrastructure and calcium distribution in Lavandula pinnata L. glandular trichomes. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:185-196. [PMID: 22418827 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of heat shock (HS) on the ultrastructure and calcium distribution of Lavandula pinnata secretory trichomes are examined using transmission electron microscopy and potassium antimonate precipitation. After 48-h HS at 40°C, plastids become distorted and lack stroma and osmiophilic deposits, the cristae of the mitochondria become indistinct, the endoplasmic reticulum acquires a chain-like appearance with ribosomes prominently attached to the lamellae, and the plasma and organelle membranes become distorted. Heat shock is associated with a decrease in calcium precipitates in the trichomes, while the number of precipitates increases in the mesophyll cells. Prolonged exposure to elevated calcium levels may be toxic to the mesophyll cells, while the lack of calcium in the glands cell may deprive them of the normal protective advantages of elevated calcium levels. The inequality in calcium distribution may result not only from uptake from the transpiration stream, but also from redistribution of calcium from the trichomes to the mesophyll cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Huang
- Guangdong Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510520, China.
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19
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Dezaki K, Maeno E, Sato K, Akita T, Okada Y. Early-phase occurrence of K+ and Cl- efflux in addition to Ca 2+ mobilization is a prerequisite to apoptosis in HeLa cells. Apoptosis 2012; 17:821-31. [PMID: 22460504 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sustained rise in cytosolic Ca(2+) and cell shrinkage mainly caused by K(+) and Cl(-) efflux are known to be prerequisites to apoptotic cell death. Here, we investigated how the efflux of K(+) and Cl(-) as well as the rise in cytosolic Ca(2+) occur prior to caspase activation and are coupled to each other in apoptotic human epithelial HeLa cells. Caspase-3 activation and DNA laddering induced by staurosporine were abolished by blockers of K(+) and Cl(-) channels or cytosolic Ca(2+) chelation. Staurosporine induced decreases in the intracellular free K(+) and Cl(-) concentrations ([K(+)](i) and [Cl(-)](i)) in an early stage prior to caspase-3 activation. Staurosporine also induced a long-lasting rise in the cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration. The early-phase decreases in [K(+)](i) and [Cl(-)](i) were completely prevented by a blocker of K(+) or Cl(-) channel, but were not affected by cytosolic Ca(2+) chelation. By contrast, the Ca(2+) response was abolished by a blocker of K(+) or Cl(-) channel. Strong hypertonic stress promptly induced a cytosolic Ca(2+) increase lasting >50 min together with sustained shrinkage and thereafter caspase-3 activation after 4 h. The hypertonic stress induced slight increases in [K(+)](i) and [Cl(-)](i) in the first 50 min, but these increases were much less than the effect of shrinkage-induced condensation, indicating that K(+) and Cl(-) efflux took place. Hypertonicity induced caspase-3 activation that was prevented not only by cytosolic Ca(2+) chelation but also by K(+) and Cl(-) channel blockers. Thus, it is concluded that not only Ca(2+) mobilization but early-phase efflux of K(+) and Cl(-) are required for caspase activation, and Ca(2+) mobilization is a downstream and resultant event of cell shrinkage in both staurosporine- and hypertonicity-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Dezaki
- Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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Shuangyan W, Ruowu S, Hongli N, Bei Z, Yong S. Protective Effects of Rg2on Hypoxia-induced Neuronal Damage in Hippocampal Neurons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 40:142-5. [PMID: 22082349 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2011.611474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Shuangyan
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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21
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Banas A, Banas K, Kwiatek WM, Gajda M, Pawlicki B, Cichocki T. Neoplastic disorders of prostate glands in the light of synchrotron radiation and multivariate statistical analysis. J Biol Inorg Chem 2011; 16:1187-96. [PMID: 21706339 PMCID: PMC3221053 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-011-0807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prostate gland is the most common site of neoplastic disorders in men. The pathogenesis of inflammatory cells, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions, and prostate cancer is still under investigation. Inflammatory cells by producing free radicals are considered as major and universal contributors to cancerogenesis. PIN is regarded as a precursor lesion to prostate cancer or a marker signaling the vulnerability of the epithelium to neoplastic transformation [1]. Differentiation markers that are frequently changed in early invasive carcinoma are also changed in PIN lesions. In this study, prostate tissue samples obtained during surgical operation and classified as various disease states (inflammation, PIN lesions, and cancer) were examined. The samples were measured by means of microbeam synchrotron-radiation-induced X-ray emission (micro-SRIXE). Special attention was paid to examine the relationship between the earlier-mentioned disorders and changes in relative concentrations of S, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn. Applying the image-processing program ImageJ enabled us to select the areas of interest from two-dimensional maps of various prostate samples according to the histopathologist's evaluation. Detailed analysis of micro-SRIXE spectra based on multivariate methods shows significant differences between elemental concentrations in inflammatory cells, PIN lesions, and cancerous tissues, which confirms that this method can be used to distinguish various pathological states in prostate tissues. Information obtained in this way may provide better understanding of the biochemistry of unhealthy prostate tissues, thus opening the way to find new medicines/treatments to prevent or slow down some harmful intracellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Banas
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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22
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Zhivotovsky B, Orrenius S. Calcium and cell death mechanisms: a perspective from the cell death community. Cell Calcium 2011; 50:211-21. [PMID: 21459443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Research during the past several decades has provided convincing evidence for a crucial role of the Ca(2+) ion in cell signaling. Hence, intracellular Ca(2+) transients have been implicated in most aspects of cell physiology, including gene transcription, cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation. Further, the Ca(2+) ion has been found to also play an important role in cell death regulation. Thus, necrotic cell death was early associated with intracellular Ca(2+) overload, and multiple functions in the apoptotic process have subsequently been found to be governed by Ca(2+) signaling. More recently, other modes of cell death, notably anoikis and autophagic cell death, have been demonstrated to also be modulated by Ca(2+) transients. Characteristics, interrelationship and mechanisms involved in Ca(2+) regulation of these cell death modalities are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Disrupting function of FK506-binding protein 1b/12.6 induces the Ca²+-dysregulation aging phenotype in hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 2011; 31:1693-703. [PMID: 21289178 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4805-10.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With aging, multiple Ca(2+)-associated electrophysiological processes exhibit increased magnitude in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, including the Ca(2+)-dependent slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP), L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel (L-VGCC) activity, Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) from ryanodine receptors (RyRs), and Ca(2+) transients. This pattern of Ca(2+) dysregulation correlates with reduced neuronal excitability/plasticity and impaired learning/memory and has been proposed to contribute to unhealthy brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. In cardiomyocytes, FK506-binding protein 1b/12.6 (FKBP1b) binds and stabilizes RyR2 in the closed state, inhibiting RyR-mediated Ca(2+) release. Moreover, we recently found that hippocampal Fkbp1b expression is downregulated, whereas Ryr2 and Frap1/Mtor (mammalian target of rapamycin) expression is upregulated with aging in rats. Here, we tested the hypothesis that disrupting FKBP1b function also destabilizes Ca(2+) homeostasis in hippocampal neurons and is sufficient to induce the aging phenotype of Ca(2+) dysregulation in young animals. Selective knockdown of Fkbp1b with interfering RNA in vitro (96 h) enhanced voltage-gated Ca(2+) current in cultured neurons, whereas in vivo Fkbp1b knockdown by microinjection of viral vector (3-4 weeks) dramatically increased the sAHP in hippocampal slice neurons from young-adult rats. Rapamycin, which displaces FKBP1b from RyRs in myocytes, similarly enhanced VGCC current and the sAHP and also increased CICR. Moreover, FKBP1b knockdown in vivo was associated with upregulation of RyR2 and mTOR protein expression. Thus, disruption of FKBP1b recapitulated much of the Ca(2+)-dysregulation aging phenotype in young rat hippocampus, supporting a novel hypothesis that declining FKBP function plays a major role in unhealthy brain aging.
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24
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Dula SB, Jecmenica M, Wu R, Jahanshahi P, Verrilli GM, Carter JD, Brayman KL, Nunemaker CS. Evidence that low-grade systemic inflammation can induce islet dysfunction as measured by impaired calcium handling. Cell Calcium 2010; 48:133-42. [PMID: 20800281 PMCID: PMC2948622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In obesity and the early stages of type 2 diabetes (T2D), proinflammatory cytokines are mildly elevated in the systemic circulation. This low-grade systemic inflammation exposes pancreatic islets to these circulating cytokines at much lower levels than seen within the islet during insulitis. These low-dose effects have not been well described. We examined mouse islets treated overnight with a low-dose cytokine combination commonly associated with inflammation (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma). We then examined islet function primarily using intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)), a key component of insulin secretion and cytokine signaling. Cytokine-treated islets demonstrated several features that suggested dysfunction including excess [Ca(2+)](i) in low physiological glucose (3mM), reduced responses to glucose stimulation, and disrupted [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations. Interestingly, islets taken from young db/db mice showed similar disruptions in [Ca(2+)](i) dynamics as cytokine-treated islets. Additional studies of control islets showed that the cytokine-induced elevation in basal [Ca(2+)](i) was due to both greater calcium influx through L-type-calcium-channels and reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium storage. Many of these cytokine-induced disruptions could be reproduced by SERCA blockade. Our data suggest that chronic low-grade inflammation produces circulating cytokine levels that are sufficient to induce beta-cell dysfunction and may play a contributing role in beta-cell failure in early T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey B. Dula
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Mladen Jecmenica
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Runpei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Pooya Jahanshahi
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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Suzuki Y, Inoue T, Ra C. NSAIDs, Mitochondria and Calcium Signaling: Special Focus on Aspirin/Salicylates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1594-1613. [PMID: 27713319 PMCID: PMC4033999 DOI: 10.3390/ph3051594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a well-known nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has long been used as an anti-pyretic and analgesic drug. Recently, much attention has been paid to the chemopreventive and apoptosis-inducing effects of NSAIDs in cancer cells. These effects have been thought to be primarily attributed to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin synthesis. However, recent studies have demonstrated unequivocally that certain NSAIDs, including aspirin and its metabolite salicylic acid, exert their anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effects independently of cyclooxygenase activity and prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. It is becoming increasingly evident that two potential common targets of NSAIDs are mitochondria and the Ca2+ signaling pathway. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the roles of mitochondria and Ca2+ in the apoptosis-inducing effects as well as some side effects of aspirin, salicylates and other NSAIDs, and introducing the emerging role of L-type Ca2+ channels, a new Ca2+ entry pathway in non-excitable cells that is up-regulated in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshio Inoue
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisei Ra
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus induces extracellular Ca2+ influx, leading to apoptosis in avian cells. J Virol 2010; 84:3068-78. [PMID: 20053741 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01923-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we show that the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) (A/crow/Kyoto/53/04 and A/chicken/Egypt/CL6/07) induced apoptosis in duck embryonic fibroblasts (DEF). In contrast, apoptosis was reduced among cells infected with low-pathogenic AIVs (A/duck/HK/342/78 [H5N2], A/duck/HK/820/80 [H5N3], A/wigeon/Osaka/1/01 [H7N7], and A/turkey/Wisconsin/1/66 [H9N2]). Thus, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by H5N1-AIV infection. Caspase-dependent and -independent pathways contributed to the cytopathic effects. We further showed that, in the induction of apoptosis, the hemagglutinin of H5N1-AIV played a major role and its cleavage sequence was not critical. We also observed outer membrane permeabilization and loss of the transmembrane potential of the mitochondria of infected DEF, indicating that mitochondrial dysfunction was caused by the H5N1-AIV infection. We then analyzed Ca(2+) dynamics in the infected cells and demonstrated an increase in the concentration of Ca(2+) in the cytosol ([Ca(2+)](i)) and mitochondria ([Ca(2+)](m)) after H5N1-AIV infection. Regardless, gene expression important for regulating Ca(2+) efflux from the endoplasmic reticulum did not significantly change after H5N1-AIV infection. These results suggest that extracellular Ca(2+) may enter H5N1-AIV-infected cells. Indeed, EGTA, which chelates extracellular free Ca(2+), significantly reduced the [Ca(2+)](i), [Ca(2+)](m), and apoptosis induced by H5N1-AIV infection. In conclusion, we identified a novel mechanism for influenza A virus-mediated cell death, which involved the acceleration of extracellular Ca(2+) influx, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. These findings may be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of H5N1-AIV in avian species as well as the impact of Ca(2+) homeostasis on influenza A virus infection.
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Suzuki Y, Inoue T, Ra C. L-type Ca2+ channels: a new player in the regulation of Ca2+ signaling, cell activation and cell survival in immune cells. Mol Immunol 2009; 47:640-8. [PMID: 19926136 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) is a highly versatile intracellular second messenger in many cell types, and regulates many complicated cellular processes, including cell activation, proliferation and apoptosis. Influx of Ca(2+) from the extracellular fluid is required for sustained elevation of the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and full activation of Ca(2+)-dependent processes. It is widely accepted that Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) channels are the major routes of Ca(2+) influx in electrically non-excitable cells, including hematopoietic cells, whereas voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels such as L-type Ca(2+) channels (LTCCs) serve as the principal routes of Ca(2+) entry into electrically excitable cells such as neurons and myocytes. However, recent pharmacological and molecular genetic studies have revealed the existence of functional LTCCs and/or LTCC-like channels in a variety of immune cells including mast cells. In this article, we review recent advances in our understanding of Ca(2+) signaling in immune cells with a special interest in mast cells. We highlight roles for LTCCs in antigen receptor-mediated mast cell activation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Cell Immunology and Allergology, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-cho Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
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Porcine muscle sensory attributes associate with major changes in gene networks involving CAPZB, ANKRD1, and CTBP2. Funct Integr Genomics 2009; 9:455-71. [PMID: 19597856 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-009-0131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Principal component analysis of traits related to carcass and meat properties were combined with microarray expression data for the identification of functional networks of genes and biological processes taking place during the conversion of muscle to meat. Principal components (PCs) with high loadings of meat quality traits were derived from phenotypic data of 572 animals of a porcine crossbreed population. Microarray data of 74 M. longissimus dorsi samples were correlated with PC datasets. Lists of significantly correlated genes were analyzed for enrichment of functional annotation groups as defined in the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases as well as the Ingenuity Pathways Analysis library. Ubiquitination, phosphorylation, mitochondrion dysfunction, actin, integrin, platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Ca signaling pathways are correlated with meat quality. Among the significantly trait-associated genes, CAPZB, ANKRD1, and CTBP2 are promoted as candidate genes for meat quality that provide a link between the highlighted pathways. Knowledge of the relevant biological processes and the differential expression of members of the pathway will provide tools that are predictive for traits related to meat quality and that may also be diagnostic for many muscle defects or damages including muscle atrophy, dystrophy, and hypoxia.
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29
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Rück A, Steiner R. Basic reaction mechanisms of hydrophilic and lipophilic photosensitisers in photodynamic tumour treatment. MINIM INVASIV THER 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/13645709809152895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ca v 1.2 L-type Ca2+ channel protects mast cells against activation-induced cell death by preventing mitochondrial integrity disruption. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2370-80. [PMID: 19447492 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In non-excitable cells, store-operated Ca(2+) channels (SOCs) are the principal routes of Ca(2+) entry. Recently, store-independent Ca(2+) channels which are pharmacologically and/or immunologically similar to L-type Ca(2+) channels (LTCCs) have been shown to exist in various hematopoietic cells, including T cells, B cells and neutrophils. We previously reported that mast cells express LTCCs which regulate mast cell effector responses in a distinct manner from SOCs. In the present study, we examined the possible role for LTCCs in mast cell survival. Both RBL-2H3 mast cells and bone marrow-derived mast cells underwent considerable apoptosis after treatment with thapsigargin (Tg) but not stimulation through the high-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI). The LTCC-selective antagonists such as nifedipine greatly augmented Fc epsilon RI-mediated apoptosis, while the LTCC-selective agonist (S)-BayK8644 blocked Tg-induced apoptosis. The modulation of apoptosis was accompanied by altered mitochondrial integrity, as measured with the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release and caspase-3/7 activation. Fc epsilon RI stimulation induced mitochondrial Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](m)) entry through both SOCs and LTCCs, while Tg evoked [Ca(2+)](m) entry through LTCCs but not SOCs. The LTCC-selective antagonists blocked [Ca(2+)](m) entry, whereas (S)-BayK8644 augmented Tg-induced [Ca(2+)](m) entry. Moreover, blockade of the expression of the alpha(1C) subunit of Ca(v)1.2 LTCC using small-interfering RNA strongly augmented Fc epsilon RI-mediated apoptosis, mitochondrial integrity, and mitochondrial Ca(2+) collapse, and abolished the protective effects of (S)-BayK8644 against Tg-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that Ca(v)1.2 LTCC protects mast cells against activation-induced cell death by preventing mitochondrial integrity disruption.
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Motskin M, Wright DM, Muller K, Kyle N, Gard TG, Porter AE, Skepper JN. Hydroxyapatite nano and microparticles: correlation of particle properties with cytotoxicity and biostability. Biomaterials 2009; 30:3307-17. [PMID: 19304317 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic colloid and gel hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles (NPs) were spray dried to form microparticles (MPs). These are intended for use as slow release vaccine vectors. The physico-chemical properties of gel and colloid NPs and MPs were compared to those of HA obtained commercially. Their cytotoxicity to human monocytes'-derived macrophages (HMMs) was assessed in vitro using a range of techniques. These included the MTT assay, LDH leakage and a confocal based live-dead cell assay. Cytotoxicity differed significantly between preparations, with the suspended gel preparation being the most toxic (31-500 microg/ml). Other preparations were also toxic but only at higher concentrations (>250 microg/ml). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and stereology showed variable cellular uptake and subsequent dissolution of the various forms of HA. We have demonstrated that HA particle toxicity varied considerably and that it was related to their physico-chemical properties. Cell death correlated strongly with particle load. The intracellular dissolution of particles as a function of time in HMM suggests that increased cytoplasmic calcium load is likely to be the cause of cell death. Some HA NPs eluded the phagocytic pathway and a few were even seen to enter the nuclei through nuclear pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Motskin
- Multi-Imaging Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Anatomy Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom.
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Yin ST, Tang ML, Deng HM, Xing TR, Chen JT, Wang HL, Ruan DY. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induced primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons death linked to calcium overload and oxidative stress. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2009; 379:551-64. [PMID: 19221718 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-009-0401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a catechin polyphenols component, is the main ingredient of green tea extract. It has been reported that EGCG is a potent antioxidant and beneficial in oxidative stress-related diseases, but others and our previous study showed that EGCG has pro-oxidant effects at high concentration. Thus, in this study, we tried to examine the possible pathway of EGCG-induced cell death in cultures of rat hippocampal neurons. Our results showed that EGCG caused a rapid elevation of intracellular free calcium levels ([Ca(2+)](i)) in a dose-dependent way. Exposure to EGCG dose- and time-dependently increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)) as well as the Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio. Importantly, acetoxymethyl ester of 5,5'-dimethyl-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, ethylene glycol-bis-(2-aminoethyl)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, and vitamin E could attenuate EGCG-induced apoptotic responses, including ROS generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and finally partially prevented EGCG-induced cell death. Furthermore, treatment of hippocampal neurons with EGCG resulted in an elevation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities with no significant accompaniment of lactate dehydrogenase release, which provided further evidence that apoptosis was the dominant mode of EGCG-induced cell death in cultures of hippocampal neurons. Taken together, these findings indicated that EGCG induced hippocampal neuron death through the mitochondrion-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Yin
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, People's Republic of China
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Faury G, Ruszova E, Molinari J, Mariko B, Raveaud S, Velebny V, Robert L. The α-l-Rhamnose recognizing lectin site of human dermal fibroblasts functions as a signal transducer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1780:1388-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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An increase in intracellular Ca2+ is required for the activation of mitochondrial calpain to release AIF during cell death. Cell Death Differ 2008; 15:1857-64. [PMID: 18806756 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2008.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a flavoprotein with NADH oxidase activity anchored to the mitochondrial inner membrane, is known to be involved in complex I maintenance. During apoptosis, AIF can be released from mitochondria and translocate to the nucleus, where it participates in chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA fragmentation. The mechanism of AIF release is not fully understood. Here, we show that a prolonged ( approximately 10 min) increase in intracellular Ca(2+) level is a prerequisite step for AIF processing and release during cell death. In contrast, a transient ATP-induced Ca(2+) increase, followed by rapid normalization of the Ca(2+) level, was not sufficient to trigger the proteolysis of AIF. Hence, import of extracellular Ca(2+) into staurosporine-treated cells caused the activation of a calpain, located in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. The activated calpain, in turn, cleaved membrane-bound AIF, and the soluble fragment was released from the mitochondria upon outer membrane permeabilization through Bax/Bak-mediated pores or by the induction of Ca(2+)-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition. Inhibition of calpain, or chelation of Ca(2+), but not the suppression of caspase activity, prevented processing and release of AIF. Combined, these results provide novel insights into the mechanism of AIF release during cell death.
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Fang M, Zhang H, Xue S. Differential effects of ca(2+) and Mg (2+) on endonuclease activation in isolated promyelocytic HL-60 cell nuclei. SCIENCE IN CHINA. SERIES C, LIFE SCIENCES 2008; 41:351-9. [PMID: 18726250 DOI: 10.1007/bf02882733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/1997] [Revised: 12/15/1997] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In autodigestion assays, endonucleaw activity in non-apoptotic HL-60 promydocytic leukemia cell nuclei cleaved the chromatin of he autologous cells to an oligonucleosomal length pattern. Both EGTA and EDTA inhibited the activation of endonuclease activity in isolated HL-60 cell nuclei. The inhibition by EDTA could be reversed by exogenous Ca(2+). but not by exogenous Mg(2+). In Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-free nuclei digation buffer, addition of Ca(2-->) (1-10 mmol/L) induced endonuclease activity in the isolated nuclei, while addition of Mg(2+) had no effect. In the presence of Ca(2+)(0.1 mmol/L), endonuclease activity was enhanced by exogenous Mg(2+) (0.1-10mmol/L). These results suggest that the endonuclease responsible for internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells during apoptosis is activated by Ca(2+) and further modulated by Mg(2+) in the presence of ca(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fang
- Department of Biology, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
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Ponsuksili S, Jonas E, Murani E, Phatsara C, Srikanchai T, Walz C, Schwerin M, Schellander K, Wimmers K. Trait correlated expression combined with expression QTL analysis reveals biological pathways and candidate genes affecting water holding capacity of muscle. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:367. [PMID: 18671879 PMCID: PMC2529315 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leakage of water and ions and soluble proteins from muscle cells occurs during prolonged exercise due to ischemia causing muscle damage. Also post mortem anoxia during conversion of muscle to meat is marked by loss of water and soluble components from the muscle cell. There is considerable variation in the water holding capacity of meat affecting economy of meat production. Water holding capacity depends on numerous genetic and environmental factors relevant to structural and biochemical muscle fibre properties a well as ante and post slaughter metabolic processes. Results Expression microarray analysis of M. longissimus dorsi RNAs of 74 F2 animals of a resource population showed 1,279 transcripts with trait correlated expression to water holding capacity. Negatively correlated transcripts were enriched in functional categories and pathways like extracellular matrix receptor interaction and calcium signalling. Transcripts with positive correlation dominantly represented biochemical processes including oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial pathways, as well as transporter activity. A linkage analysis of abundance of trait correlated transcripts revealed 897 expression QTL (eQTL) with 104 eQTL coinciding with QTL regions for water holding capacity; 96 transcripts had trans acting and 8 had cis acting regulation. Conclusion The complex relationships between biological processes taking place in live skeletal muscle and meat quality are driven on the one hand by the energy reserves and their utilisation in the muscle and on the other hand by the muscle structure itself and calcium signalling. Holistic expression profiling was integrated with QTL analysis for the trait of interest and for gene expression levels for creation of a priority list of genes out of the orchestra of genes of biological networks relevant to the liability to develop elevated drip loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals (FBN), Research Group Functional Genomics, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Tang M, Xing T, Zeng J, Wang H, Li C, Yin S, Yan D, Deng H, Liu J, Wang M, Chen J, Ruan DY. Unmodified CdSe quantum dots induce elevation of cytoplasmic calcium levels and impairment of functional properties of sodium channels in rat primary cultured hippocampal neurons. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2008; 116:915-22. [PMID: 18629314 PMCID: PMC2453160 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing applications of nanotechnologic products, such as quantum dots (QDs), increase the likelihood of exposure. Furthermore, their accumulation in the bioenvironment and retention in cells and tissues are arousing increasing worries about the potentially harmful side effects of these nanotechnologic products. Previous studies concerning QD cytotoxicity focused on the reactive oxygen species produced by QDs. Cellular calcium homeostasis dysregulation caused by QDs may be also responsible for QD cytotoxicity. Meanwhile the interference of QDs with voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) current (I(Na)) may lead to changes in electrical activity and worsen neurotoxicologic damage. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the potential for neurotoxicity of cadmium selenium QDs in a hippocampal neuronal culture model, focusing on cytoplasmic calcium levels and VGSCs function. METHODS We used confocal laser scanning and standard whole-cell patch clamp techniques. RESULTS We found that a) QDs induced neuron death dose dependently; b) cytoplasmic calcium levels were elevated for an extended period by QD treatment, which was due to both extracellular calcium influx and internal calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum; and c) QD treatment enhanced activation and inactivation of I(Na), prolonged the time course of activation, slowed I(Na) recovery, and reduced the fraction of available VGSCs. CONCLUSION Results in this study provide new insights into QD toxicology and reveal potential risks of their future applications in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jie Zeng
- Structure Research Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Di-Yun Ruan
- School of Life Science and
- Address correspondence to D.-Y. Ruan, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P.R. China. Telephone: 86 551 3606374. Fax: 86 551 3601443. E-mail:
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Abstract
Signalling pathways are complex biochemical networks responsible for regulation of numerous cellular functions. These networks function by serial and successive interactions among a large number of vital biomolecules and chemical compounds. For deciphering and analysing the underlying mechanism of such networks,a modularized study is quite helpful. Here we propose an algorithm for modularization of calcium signalling pathway of H. sapiens . The idea that "a node whose function is dependent on maximum number of other nodes tends to be the center of a sub network" is used to divide a large signalling network into smaller sub networks. Inclusion of node(s) into sub networks(s) is dependent on the outdegree of the node(s). Here outdegree of a node refers to the number of relations of the considered node lying outside the constructed sub network. Node(s) having more than c relations lying outside the expanding sub network have to be excluded from it. Here c is a specified variable based on user preference, which is finally fixed during adjustments of created sub networks, so that certain biological significance can be conferred on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Losiana Nayak
- Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B.T.Road, Kolkata 700 108, India
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Ogino A, Takemura G, Kanamori H, Okada H, Maruyama R, Miyata S, Esaki M, Nakagawa M, Aoyama T, Ushikoshi H, Kawasaki M, Minatoguchi S, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara H. Amlodipine inhibits granulation tissue cell apoptosis through reducing calcineurin activity to attenuate postinfarction cardiac remodeling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293:H2271-80. [PMID: 17644576 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00303.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although amlodipine, a long-acting L-type calcium channel blocker, reportedly prevents left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction after myocardial infarction, the mechanism responsible is not yet well understood. Myocardial infarction was induced in mice by ligating the left coronary artery. Treatment of mice with amlodipine (10 mg·kg−1·day−1), beginning on the third day postinfarction, significantly improved survival and attenuated left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction 4 wk postinfarction compared with treatment with saline or hydralazine. Although infarct sizes did not differ among the groups, the infarcted wall thickness was greater and the infarct segment length was smaller in the amlodipine-treated group, and cellular components, including vessels and myofibroblasts, were abundant within the infarcted area. Ten days postinfarction (the subacute stage), the proliferation of granulation tissue cells in the infarcted area was similar among the groups, but the incidence of apoptosis was significantly lower in the amlodipine-treated group, where Bad, a proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, was significantly phosphorylated (inactivated). Calcineurin, which dephosphorylates (activates) Bad, was upregulated in infarcted hearts, but its levels were significantly reduced by amlodipine treatment. In vitro, Fas stimulation augmented calcineurin activity and induced apoptosis among infarct tissue-derived myofibroblasts; both of those effects were strongly inhibited by amlodipine, two other calcium channel blockers (verapamil or nifedipine), and two calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporin A or FK-506). Amlodipine inhibits Fas-mediated granulation tissue cell apoptosis in infarcted hearts, possibly by attenuating the activities of calcineurin and Bad. These findings may provide new insight into the mechanism by which calcium channel blockers attenuate postinfarction cardiac remodeling and dysfunction.
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MESH Headings
- Amlodipine/pharmacology
- Amlodipine/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Calcineurin/metabolism
- Calcineurin Inhibitors
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronary Vessels/surgery
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Granulation Tissue/drug effects
- Granulation Tissue/metabolism
- Granulation Tissue/pathology
- Granulation Tissue/physiopathology
- Hydralazine/pharmacology
- Ligation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocardial Infarction/complications
- Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Phosphorylation
- Research Design
- Tacrolimus/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- bcl-Associated Death Protein/metabolism
- fas Receptor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ogino
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Nayak L, De RK. An algorithm for modularization of MAPK and calcium signaling pathways: comparative analysis among different species. J Biomed Inform 2007; 40:726-49. [PMID: 17591461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways are large complex biochemical networks. It is difficult to analyze the underlying mechanism of such networks as a whole. In the present article, we have proposed an algorithm for modularization of signal transduction pathways. Unlike studying a signaling pathway as a whole, this enables one to study the individual modules (less complex smaller units) easily and hence to study the entire pathway better. A comparative study of modules belonging to different species (for the same signaling pathway) has been made, which gives an overall idea about development of the signaling pathways over the taken set of species of calcium and MAPK signaling pathways. The superior performance, in terms of biological significance, of the proposed algorithm over an existing community finding algorithm of Newman [Newman MEJ. Modularity and community structure in networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103(23):8577-82] has been demonstrated using the aforesaid pathways of H. sapiens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Losiana Nayak
- Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B.T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India.
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Koo KA, Lee MK, Kim SH, Jeong EJ, Kim SY, Oh TH, Kim YC. Pinusolide and 15-methoxypinusolidic acid attenuate the neurotoxic effect of staurosporine in primary cultures of rat cortical cells. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 150:65-71. [PMID: 17143305 PMCID: PMC2013848 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Apoptosis is a fundamental process required for neuronal development but also occurs in most of the common neurodegenerative disorders. In an attempt to obtain an anti-apoptotic neuroprotective compound from natural products, we isolated the diterpenoids, pinusolide and 15-MPA, from B. orientalis and investigated their neuroprotective activity against staurosporine (STS) -induced neuronal apoptosis. In addition, we determined the anti-apoptotic mechanism of these compounds in rat cortical cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Primary cultures of rat cortical cells injured by STS were used as an in vitro assay system. Cells were pretreated with pinusolide or 15-MPA before exposure to STS. Anti-apoptotic activities were evaluated by the measurement of cytoplasmic condensation and nuclear fragmentation. The levels of cellular peroxide, malondialdehyde (MDA) and [Ca(2+)]i, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and caspase-3/7, were measured. KEY RESULTS Pinusolide and 15-MPA, at a concentration of 5.0 ìM, reduced the condensed nuclei and rise in [Ca(2+)]i that accompanies apoptosis induced by 100 nM STS. Pinusolide and 15-MPA also protected the cellular activity of SOD, an antioxidative enzyme reduced by STS insult. Furthermore, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation induced by STS was significantly reduced in pinusolide and 15-MPA treated cells. In addition, pinusolide and 15-MPA inhibited STS-induced caspase-3/7 activation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results show that pinusolide and 15-MPA protect neuronal cells from STS-induced apoptosis, probably by preventing the increase in [Ca(2+)]i and cellular oxidation caused by STS, and indicate that they could be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Koo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Ma CJ, Lee MK, Kim YC. meso-Dihydroguaiaretic acid attenuates the neurotoxic effect of staurosporine in primary rat cortical cultures. Neuropharmacology 2006; 50:733-40. [PMID: 16427665 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Revised: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (MDGA) on the staurosporine-induced neuronal apoptosis and its potential mechanism were investigated using primary cultures of rat cortical cells as an assay system. Treatment of MDGA at the concentrations of 0.1, 1.0 and 10 microM significantly protected neuronal cells against Staurosporine-induced apoptosis. The neuroprotective activity of MDGA was the most potent at the concentration of 1.0 microM and was not increased at higher concentration. MDGA reduced apoptotic characteristics induced by STS; MDGA reduced the condensed nuclei in staurosporine-injured rat cortical cells. MDGA diminished the calcium influx that accompanies the staurosporine-induced apoptosis, and inhibited the subsequent overproduction of reactive oxygen species and peroxide to the level of control cells. It also preserved cellular activity of superoxide dismutase, an antioxidative enzyme reduced by staurosporine insult. In addition, MDGA significantly inhibited caspase-3/7 activation and cytochrome c release. Taken together, these results suggested that MDGA protected neuronal cells against staurosporine-induced apoptosis through the inhibition of Ca(2+) influx, cellular oxidation, cytochrome c release and caspase-3/7 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong Je Ma
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, San56-1, Sillim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Flourakis M, Van Coppenolle F, Lehen'kyi V, Beck B, Skryma R, Prevarskaya N. Passive calcium leak via translocon is a first step for iPLA2-pathway regulated store operated channels activation. FASEB J 2006; 20:1215-7. [PMID: 16611832 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-5254fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Calcium concentration within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an essential role in cell physiopathology. One of the most enigmatic mechanisms responsible for Ca2+ concentration in the ER is passive calcium leak. Previous studies have shown that the translocon complex is permeable to calcium. However, the involvement of the translocon in the passive calcium leak has not been directly demonstrated. Furthermore, the question whether the passive store depletion via the translocon could activate SOC (store operated channels) replenishing the ER, remains still unresolved. In this study, for the first time, we show that thapsigargin and calcium chelators deplete ER via translocon. Indeed, using confocal imaging, we demonstrate that when the number of opened translocons was lowered neither thapsigargin nor calcium chelators could induce ER store depletion. We also demonstrate that calcium leakage occurring via the translocon activates store-operated current, which is, by its kinetic and pharmacology, similar to that evoked by thapsigargin and EGTA (but not IP3), thus highlighting our hypothesis that calcium leakage via the translocon is a first step for activation of the specific iPLA2-regulated SOC. As the translocon is present in yeast and mammalian cells, our findings suggest that translocon-related calcium signaling is a common phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Flourakis
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, INSERM U800, Bâtiment SN3, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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Kim DH, Hee SQ, Norris AJ, Faull KF, Eckhert CD. Boric acid inhibits adenosine diphosphate-ribosyl cyclase non-competitively. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1115:246-52. [PMID: 16545389 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine diphosphate-ribosyl cyclase (ADP-ribosyl cyclase) is a ubiquitous enzyme in eukaryotes that converts NAD+ to cyclic-ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinamide. A quantitative assay for cADPR was developed using capillary electrophoresis to separate NAD+, cADPR, ADP-ribose, and ADP with UV detection (254 nm). Using this assay, the apparent Km and Vmax for Aplysia ADP-ribosyl cyclase were determined to be 1.24+/-0.05 mM and 131.8+/-2.0 microM/min, respectively. Boric acid inhibited ADP-ribosyl cyclase non-competitively with a Ki of 40.5+/-0.5 mM. Boric acid binding to cADPR, determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, was characterized by an apparent binding constant, KA, of 655+/-99 L/mol at pH 10.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny H Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Box 951772, University of California, 650 Charles E Young Dr South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
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Nesbitt WS, Jackson SP. Imaging signaling processes in platelets. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2006; 36:139-44. [PMID: 16497522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2005.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/19/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the complex signaling processes regulating platelet adhesion has been a longstanding goal for those in the field of platelet research. Advances in high-speed live cell imaging techniques, taking advantage of developments in the area of fluorescent probe design hold considerable promise for the investigation of the dynamic signaling processes governing platelet activation and function, both physiologically and pathologically. This review broadly covers the application of existing imaging techniques to the investigation of platelet function and examines new developments in the area of live cell imaging that may have future applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warwick S Nesbitt
- The Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Educational Precinct, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia
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46
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Rozinek J, Rajmon R, Petr J, Rohlík J, Jeseta M, Sedmíková M, Rehák D, Jílek F. Ultrastructural localisation of calcium deposits in pig ovarian follicles. Anim Reprod Sci 2006; 91:123-32. [PMID: 16310102 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Revised: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcium intracellular signaling regulates many intracellular events including oocyte maturation. This signaling is strongly dependent on the influx of calcium ions from extracellular spaces and on the state of intracellular calcium stores. In this study, intracellular calcium deposits were detected in follicle-enclosed pig oocytes using the combined oxalate-pyroantimonate method. These deposits were observed in the nucleus, the mitochondria, the cytoplasm, and on the surface of lipid droplets. The amount of calcium deposits was expressed as a percentage of the area of the respective cellular compartment, which is covered with calcium deposits on ultrathin sections. The distribution of calcium deposits in oocytes changed during folliculogenesis. The amount of calcium deposits in nuclei (1.11% of the area of oocyte nuclei) and cytoplasm (1.02%) in oocytes from secondary and early antral follicles (0.90% nuclei; 0.99% cytoplasm) is significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the amount of calcium deposits in these compartments in oocytes from primary follicles (2.51% nuclei; 2.34% cytoplasm) or antral follicles with growing oocyte (2.91% nuclei; 2.21% cytoplasm). The amount of calcium deposits in mitochondria of oocytes from primary follicles (1.27%) or antral follicles with growing oocyte (1.14%) is significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in the nucleus (2.51% in oocytes from primary follicles; 2.91% in growing oocytes from antral follicles) or cytoplasm (2.34% in oocytes from primary follicles; 2.21% in growing oocytes from antral follicles). The amount of calcium deposits in the cytoplasm of fully-grown oocytes (1.46%) dropped to levels significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those observed in the oocyte nucleus (2.29%). On the basis of these data, we can conclude that the population of follicles on pig ovaries differs in the distribution and concentration of calcium deposits in oocytes, and these changes may be involved in the regulation of the meiotic competence of oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rozinek
- Department of Veterinary Science, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague, Prague 6, Suchdol 165 21, Czech Republic
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47
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Ansar MM, Ansari M. Nitric oxide involvement in pancreatic beta cell apoptosis by glibenclamide. Nitric Oxide 2005; 14:39-44. [PMID: 16256381 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 09/04/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glibenclamide as a second-generation compound of sulfonylurea has widely been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients. It has been shown that it induces apoptosis in beta cells, which is partially mediated by Ca(2+) influx. Here, we investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms on glibenclamide-induced apoptosis in rat insulinoma cells. Our results showed that glibenclamide induces NO generation (measured as nitrite) that is accompanied with decrease of cell viability in a defined concentration of glibenclamide. The effects of glibenclamide on cell viability were partially inhibited after treatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), inhibitor more selective for constitutive nitric oxide synthase, and in the presence of D600--a blocker of voltage-gated L-type Ca(2+) channels inhibited Ca(2+) influx into beta cells, whereas aminoguanidine (AG), a preferential inhibitor of inducible NOS, was significantly less effective. Analysis of DNA fragmentation by electrophoresis and staining with Hoechest 33342 and propidium iodide showed that L-NAME, but not AG, prevented DNA fragmentation and decreased the number of cells with condensed and fragmented nuclei. It revealed that the effects of glibenclamide on apoptosis were partially inhibited by treatment with L-NAME. In conclusion, we have shown that NO production in glibenclamide treated cells may be involved in the induction of apoptotic cell death in pure beta cell line and it may be due to Ca(2+) dependent activation of constitutive NOS isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Moien Ansar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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48
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Hasselgren PO, Menconi MJ, Fareed MU, Yang H, Wei W, Evenson A. Novel aspects on the regulation of muscle wasting in sepsis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 37:2156-68. [PMID: 16125115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2005.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2004] [Revised: 11/17/2004] [Accepted: 01/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wasting in sepsis is associated with increased expression of messenger RNA for several genes in the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway, indicating that increased gene transcription is involved in the development of muscle atrophy. Here we review the influence of sepsis on the expression and activity of the transcription factors activator protein-1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, as well as the nuclear cofactor p300. These transcription factors may be important for sepsis-induced muscle wasting because several of the genes in the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway have multiple binding sites for activating protein-1, nuclear factor-kappaB, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein in their promoter regions. In addition, the potential role of increased muscle calcium levels for sepsis-induced muscle atrophy is reviewed. Calcium may regulate several mechanisms and factors involved in muscle wasting, including the expression and activity of the calpain-calpastatin system, proteasome activity, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein transcription factors, apoptosis and glucocorticoid-mediated muscle protein breakdown. Because muscle wasting is commonly seen in patients with sepsis and has severe clinical consequences, a better understanding of mechanisms regulating sepsis-induced muscle wasting may help improve the care of patients with sepsis and other muscle-wasting conditions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per-Olof Hasselgren
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Collado B, Sánchez MG, Díaz-Laviada I, Prieto JC, Carmena MJ. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) induces c-fos expression in LNCaP prostate cancer cells through a mechanism that involves Ca2+ signalling. Implications in angiogenesis and neuroendocrine differentiation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2005; 1744:224-33. [PMID: 15921770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2005.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2004] [Revised: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on intracellular Ca(2+) levels and its relationship with the expression of c-fos and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as well as with neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation were investigated in human prostate LNCaP cells. VIP induced the expression of c-fos mRNA as studied by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). It was accompanied by VIP stimulation of c-fos protein synthesis, as measured by Western blot analysis. VIP enhanced intracellular Ca(2+) levels as evaluated using the calcium probe fura-2. VIP regulation of c-fos expression depended on [Ca(2+)](i) concentration since the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA/AM decreased c-fos expression (both mRNA and protein) to basal levels. As shown by means of real-time RT-PCR, VIP stimulated VEGF mRNA expression: the effect was inhibited by 40% in the presence of curcumin (an inhibitor of AP-1 binding), and it was dependent on Ca(2+) since BAPTA/AM inhibited this VIP action by 43%. Similar observations were made on the effects of BAPTA/AM and curcumin on VIP stimulation of VEGF protein expression. Simultaneous treatment of cells with the protein kinase A inhibitor H89 and BAPTA/AM completely blocked this VIP effect, whereas each agent alone led only to a partial inhibition. In addition, the calcium chelator blocked by 37% the ability of VIP to induce NE cell differentiation as estimated by the observation of neurite development. These features support a VIP signalling pathway that could be mediated through both cAMP and [Ca(2+)](i) increase in prostate LNCaP cancer cells. Moreover, our data suggest the implication of c-Fos on the induction of the main angiogenic factor VEGF since the promoter region of the VEGF gene possesses AP-1 (i.e., c-Fos/c-Jun heterodimer) response elements. This feature represents a link between the nuclear oncogene c-fos, angiogenesis and NE differentiation by means of an initiating signal upon VIP receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Collado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Zanelli SA, Spandou E, Mishra OP, Delivoria-Papadopoulos M. Hypoxia modifies nuclear calcium uptake pathways in the cerebral cortex of the guinea-pig fetus. Neuroscience 2005; 130:949-55. [PMID: 15652992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear Ca2+ signals are thought to play a critical role in the initiation and progression of programmed cell death. The present study tests the hypothesis that hypoxia alters nuclear Ca2+ transport pathways and leads to an increase in nuclear Ca(2+)-influx in cerebral cortical neuronal nuclei. To test this hypothesis the effect of tissue hypoxia on high affinity Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and the binding characteristics of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4) receptors were studied in neuronal nuclei from the cerebral cortex of guinea-pig fetuses. Results show increased high-affinity Ca(2+)-ATPase activity (nmol/mg protein/h) in the hypoxic group 969.7+/-79 as compared with 602.4+/-90.9 in the normoxic group, P<0.05. The number of IP3 receptors (Bmax, fmol/mg protein) increased from 61+/-21 in the normoxic group to 164+/-49 in the hypoxic group, P<0.05. K(d) values did not change following hypoxia. In contrast, IP4 receptor Bmax (fmol/mg protein) and K(d) (nM) values increased from 360+/-32 in the normoxic group to 626+/-136 in the hypoxic group (P<0.001) and, from 26+/-1 in the normoxic group to 61+/-9 in the hypoxic group (P<0.001), respectively. 45Ca(2+)-influx (pmol/mg protein) significantly increased from 6.3+/-1.9 in the normoxic group to 10.9+/-1.1 the hypoxic group (P<0.001). The data show that hypoxia modifies nuclear Ca2+ transport pathways and results in increased nuclear Ca(2+)-influx. We speculate that hypoxia increases nuclear Ca2+ uptake from the cytoplasm to the nucleoplasm, resulting in increased transcription of proapoptotic genes and subsequent activation of programmed cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Zanelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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