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Abstract
Significance: Routine exposure to xenobiotics is unavoidable during our lifetimes. Certain xenobiotics are hazardous to human health, and are metabolized in the body to render them less toxic. During this process, several detoxification enzymes cooperatively metabolize xenobiotics. Glutathione (GSH) conjugation plays an important role in the metabolism of electrophilic xenobiotics. Recent Advances: Recent advances in reactive sulfur and supersulfide (RSS) analyses showed that persulfides and polysulfides bound to low-molecular-weight thiols, such as GSH, and to protein thiols are abundant in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The highly nucleophilic nature of hydropersulfides and hydropolysulfides contributes to cell protection against oxidative stress and electrophilic stress. Critical Issues: In contrast to GSH conjugation to electrophiles that is aided by glutathione S-transferase (GST), persulfides and polysulfides can directly form conjugates with electrophiles without the catalytic actions of GST. The polysulfur bonds in the conjugates are further reduced by perthioanions and polythioanions derived from RSS to form sulfhydrated metabolites that are no longer electrophilic but rather nucleophilic, and differ from metabolites that are formed via GSH conjugation. Future Directions: In view of the abundance of RSS in cells and tissues, metabolism of xenobiotics that is mediated by RSS warrants additional investigations, such as studies of the impact of microbiota-derived RSS on xenobiotic metabolism. Metabolites formed from reactions between electrophiles and RSS may be potential biomarkers for monitoring exposure to electrophiles and for studying their metabolism by RSS. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 679-690.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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2
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Sito H, Tan SC. Genetic polymorphisms as potential pharmacogenetic biomarkers for platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:102. [PMID: 38217759 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) is a widely used treatment for various solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its efficacy is often compromised by the emergence of drug resistance in patients. There is growing evidence that genetic variations may influence the susceptibility of NSCLC patients to develop resistance to PBC. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying platinum drug resistance and highlight the important role that genetic polymorphisms play in this process. This paper discussed the genetic variants that regulate DNA repair, cellular movement, drug transport, metabolic processing, and immune response, with a focus on their effects on response to PBC. The potential applications of these genetic polymorphisms as predictive indicators in clinical practice are explored, as are the challenges associated with their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Sito
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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3
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Liang Y, Gong Y, Jiang Q, Yu Y, Zhang J. Environmental endocrine disruptors and pregnane X receptor action: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113976. [PMID: 37532173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a kind of orphan nuclear receptor activated by a series of ligands. Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are a wide class of molecules present in the environment that are suspected to have adverse effects on the endocrine system by interfering with the synthesis, transport, degradation, or action of endogenous hormones. Since EEDs may modulate human/rodent PXR, this review aims to summarize EEDs as PXR modulators, including agonists and antagonists. The modular structure of PXR is also described, interestingly, the pharmacology of PXR have been confirmed to vary among different species. Furthermore, PXR play a key role in the regulation of endocrine function. Endocrine disruption of EEDs via PXR and its related pathways are systematically summarized. In brief, this review may provide a way to understand the roles of EEDs in interaction with the nuclear receptors (such as PXR) and the related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yiyao Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Qiuyan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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4
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Waldman J, Klafke GM, Tirloni L, Logullo C, da Silva Vaz I. Putative target sites in synganglion for novel ixodid tick control strategies. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102123. [PMID: 36716581 PMCID: PMC10033424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Acaricide resistance is a global problem that has impacts worldwide. Tick populations with broad resistance to all commercially available acaricides have been reported. Since resistance selection in ticks and their role in pathogen transmission to animals and humans result in important economic and public health burden, it is essential to develop new strategies for their control (i.e., novel chemical compounds, vaccines, biological control). The synganglion is the tick central nervous system and it is responsible for synthesizing and releasing signaling molecules with different physiological functions. Synganglion proteins are the targets of the majority of available acaricides. In this review we provide an overview of the mode-of-action and resistance mechanisms against neurotoxic acaricides in ticks, as well as putative target sites in synganglion, as a supporting tool to identify new target proteins and to develop new strategies for tick control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Waldman
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Marcondes Klafke
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor - Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas Tirloni
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Tick-Pathogen Transmission Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Carlos Logullo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica de Artrópodes Hematófagos, IBqM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. diastaticus to nerol: Evaluation of antifungal potential by inhibitory effect and proteome analyses. Food Chem 2023; 403:134323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Review on Bortezomib Resistance in Multiple Myeloma and Potential Role of Emerging Technologies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010111. [PMID: 36678608 PMCID: PMC9864669 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a hematological cancer type. For its treatment, Bortezomib has been widely used. However, drug resistance to this effective chemotherapeutic has been developed for various reasons. 2D cell cultures and animal models have failed to understand the MM disease and Bortezomib resistance. It is therefore essential to utilize new technologies to reveal a complete molecular profile of the disease. In this review, we in-depth examined the possible molecular mechanisms that cause Bortezomib resistance and specifically addressed MM and Bortezomib resistance. Moreover, we also included the use of nanoparticles, 3D culture methods, microfluidics, and organ-on-chip devices in multiple myeloma. We also discussed whether the emerging technology offers the necessary tools to understand and prevent Bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma. Despite the ongoing research activities on MM, the related studies cannot provide a complete summary of MM. Nanoparticle and 3D culturing have been frequently used to understand MM disease and Bortezomib resistance. However, the number of microfluidic devices for this application is insufficient. By combining siRNA/miRNA technologies with microfluidic devices, a complete molecular genetic profile of MM disease could be revealed. Microfluidic chips should be used clinically in personal therapy and point-of-care applications. At least with Bortezomib microneedles, it could be ensured that MM patients can go through the treatment process more painlessly. This way, MM can be switched to the curable cancer type list, and Bortezomib can be targeted for its treatment with fewer side effects.
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2-Deoxy-D-glucose increases the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to BCNU through the regulation of glycolysis, ROS and ERS pathways: In vitro and in vivo validation. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115029. [PMID: 35381210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chloroethylnitrosoureas (CENUs) exert antitumor activity via producing dG-dC interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). However, tumor resistance make it necessary to find novel strategies to improve the therapeutic effect of CENUs. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) is a well-known glycolytic inhibitor, which can reprogram tumor energy metabolism closely related to tumor resistance. Here, we investigated the chemosensitization effect of 2-DG on l,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) against glioblastoma cells and the underlying mechanisms. We found that 2-DG significantly increased the inhibitory effects of BCNU on tumor cells compared with BCNU alone, while 2-DG showed no obvious enhancing effect on the BCNU-induced cytotoxicity for normal HaCaT and HA1800 cells. Proliferation, migration and invasion determinations presented the same trend as survival on tumor cells. 2-DG plus BCNU increased the energy deficiency through a more effective inhibition of glycolytic pathway. Notably, the combination of 2-DG and BCNU aggravated oxidative stress in glioblastoma cells, along with a significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels, and an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Subsequently, we demonstrated that the combination treatment led to increased apoptosis via activating mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related apoptosis pathways. Finally, we found that the dG-dC level was significantly increased after 2-DG pretreatment compared to BCNU alone by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Finally, in vivo, 2-DG plus BCNU significantly suppressed tumor growth with lower side effects compared with BCNU alone in tumor-bearing mice. In summary, we proposed that 2-DG may have potential to increase the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to BCNU by regulating glycolysis, ROS and ERS pathways in clinical setting.
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Filipiak-Duliban A, Brodaczewska K, Kajdasz A, Kieda C. Spheroid Culture Differentially Affects Cancer Cell Sensitivity to Drugs in Melanoma and RCC Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031166. [PMID: 35163092 PMCID: PMC8835769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
2D culture as a model for drug testing often turns to be clinically futile. Therefore, 3D cultures (3Ds) show potential to better model responses to drugs observed in vivo. In preliminary studies, using melanoma (B16F10) and renal (RenCa) cancer, we confirmed that 3Ds better mimics the tumor microenvironment. Here, we evaluated how the proposed 3D mode of culture affects tumor cell susceptibility to anti-cancer drugs, which have distinct mechanisms of action (everolimus, doxorubicin, cisplatin). Melanoma spheroids showed higher resistance to all used drugs, as compared to 2D. In an RCC model, such modulation was only observed for doxorubicin treatment. As drug distribution was not affected by the 3D shape, we assessed the expression of MDR1 and mTor. Upregulation of MDR1 in RCC spheroids was observed, in contrast to melanoma. In both models, mTor expression was not affected by the 3D cultures. By NGS, 10 genes related with metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome p450 were deregulated in renal cancer spheroids; 9 of them were later confirmed in the melanoma model. The differences between 3D models and classical 2D cultures point to the potential to uncover new non-canonical mechanisms to explain drug resistance set by the tumor in its microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Survival
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Filipiak-Duliban
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Klaudia Brodaczewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Kajdasz
- Department of RNA Metabolism, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland;
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Center for Molecular Biophysics UPR 4301 CNRS, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France;
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de Jesus JPA, Assis LC, de Castro AA, da Cunha EFF, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, de Castro Ramalho T, de Almeida La Porta F. Effect of drug metabolism in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 from an entirely computational perspective. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19998. [PMID: 34620963 PMCID: PMC8497625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effects of metabolism on the rational design of novel and more effective drugs is still a considerable challenge. To the best of our knowledge, there are no entirely computational strategies that make it possible to predict these effects. From this perspective, the development of such methodologies could contribute to significantly reduce the side effects of medicines, leading to the emergence of more effective and safer drugs. Thereby, in this study, our strategy is based on simulating the electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS) fragmentation of the drug molecules and combined with molecular docking and ADMET models in two different situations. In the first model, the drug is docked without considering the possible metabolic effects. In the second model, each of the intermediates from the EI-MS results is docked, and metabolism occurs before the drug accesses the biological target. As a proof of concept, in this work, we investigate the main antiviral drugs used in clinical research to treat COVID-19. As a result, our strategy made it possible to assess the biological activity and toxicity of all potential by-products. We believed that our findings provide new chemical insights that can benefit the rational development of novel drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Almirão de Jesus
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Computational Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Avenida dos Pioneiros 3131, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86036-370, Brazil
| | - Letícia Cristina Assis
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Teodorico de Castro Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Felipe de Almeida La Porta
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Computational Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Avenida dos Pioneiros 3131, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86036-370, Brazil.
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10
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Wang JQ, Wu ZX, Yang Y, Teng QX, Li YD, Lei ZN, Jani KA, Kaushal N, Chen ZS. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in cancer: A review of recent updates. J Evid Based Med 2021; 14:232-256. [PMID: 34388310 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is one of the largest membrane protein families existing in wide spectrum of organisms from prokaryotes to human. ABC transporters are also known as efflux pumps because they mediate the cross-membrane transportation of various endo- and xenobiotic molecules energized by ATP hydrolysis. Therefore, ABC transporters have been considered closely to multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer, where the efflux of structurally distinct chemotherapeutic drugs causes reduced itherapeutic efficacy. Besides, ABC transporters also play other critical biological roles in cancer such as signal transduction. During the past decades, extensive efforts have been made in understanding the structure-function relationship, transportation profile of ABC transporters, as well as the possibility to overcome MDR via targeting these transporters. In this review, we discuss the most recent knowledge regarding ABC transporters and cancer drug resistance in order to provide insights for the development of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Yi-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Khushboo A Jani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Neeraj Kaushal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York
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11
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. The Role of ABC Transporters in Lipid Metabolism and the Comorbid Course of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6711. [PMID: 34201488 PMCID: PMC8269124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ranks among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. COPD rarely occurs in isolation and is often combined with various diseases. It is considered that systemic inflammation underlies the comorbid course of COPD. The data obtained in recent years have shown the importance of violations of the cross-links of lipid metabolism and the immune response, which are links in the pathogenesis of both COPD and atherosclerosis. The role of lipid metabolism disorders in the pathogenesis of the comorbid course of COPD and atherosclerosis and the participation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in these processes is discussed in this article. It is known that about 20 representatives of a large family of ABC transporters provide lipid homeostasis of cells by moving lipids inside the cell and in its plasma membrane, as well as removing lipids from the cell. It was shown that some representatives of the ABC-transporter family are involved in various links of the pathogenesis of COPD and atherosclerosis, which can determine their comorbid course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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12
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Cheng X, Xu HD, Ran HH, Liang G, Wu FG. Glutathione-Depleting Nanomedicines for Synergistic Cancer Therapy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8039-8068. [PMID: 33974797 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently exhibit resistance to various molecular and nanoscale drugs, which inevitably affects the drugs' therapeutic outcomes. Overexpression of glutathione (GSH) has been observed in many cancer cells, and solid evidence has corroborated the resulting tumor resistance to a variety of anticancer therapies, suggesting that this biochemical characteristic of cancer cells can be developed as a potential target for cancer treatments. The single treatment of GSH-depleting agents can potentiate the responses of the cancer cells to different cell death stimuli; therefore, as an adjunctive strategy, GSH depletion is usually combined with mainstream cancer therapies for enhancing the therapeutic outcomes. Propelled by the rapid development of nanotechnology, GSH-depleting agents can be readily constructed into anticancer nanomedicines, which have shown a steep rise over the past decade. Here, we review the common GSH-depleting nanomedicines which have been widely applied in synergistic cancer treatments in recent years. Some current challenges and future perspectives for GSH depletion-based cancer therapies are also presented. With the understanding of the structure-property relationship and action mechanisms of these biomaterials, we hope that the GSH-depleting nanotechnology will be further developed to realize more effective disease treatments and even achieve successful clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
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13
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Liang X, Lai Y. Overcoming the shortcomings of the extended-clearance concept: a framework for developing a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to select drug candidates involving transporter-mediated clearance. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:869-886. [PMID: 33793347 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1912012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:Human pharmacokinetic (PK) prediction can be a significant challenge to drug candidates undergoing transporter-mediated clearance, when only animal data and in vitro human parameters are available in the drug discovery stage.Areas covered:The extended clearance concept (ECC) that incorporates the processes of hepatic uptake, passive diffusion, metabolism and biliary secretion has been adapted to determine the rate-determining process of hepatic clearance and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). However, since the ECC is derived from the well-stirred model and does not consider the liver as a drug distribution organ to reflect the time-dependent variation of drug concentrations between the liver and plasma, it can be misused for compound selection in drug discovery.Expert opinion:The PBPK model consists of a set of differential equations of drug mass balance, and can overcome the shortcomings of the ECC in predicting human PK. The predictability, relevance and reliability of the model and the scaling factors for IVIVE must be validated using either the measured liver concentrations or DDI data with known transporter inhibitors, or both, in monkeys. A human PBPK model that incorporates in vitro human data and SFs obtained from the validated monkey PBPK model can be used for compound selection in the drug discovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liang
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
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14
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Green Etxabe A, Pini JM, Short S, Cunha L, Kille P, Watson GJ. Identifying conserved polychaete molecular markers of metal exposure: Comparative analyses using the Alitta virens (Annelida, Lophotrochozoa) transcriptome. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108913. [PMID: 33164845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polychaetes are vital for evaluating the effects of toxic metals in marine systems, and sensitive molecular biomarkers should be integral to monitoring efforts. However, the few polychaete markers that exist are inconsistent, even within the same species, failing to identify gene expression changes in metal-exposed animals incurring clear metabolic costs. Comparing previously characterised polychaete metal-responsive genes with those of another carefully selected species could identify biomarkers applicable across polychaetes. The ragworm Alitta virens (Sars, 1835) is particularly suited for such comparisons due to its dominance of fully saline coastal areas, widespread distribution, large biomass, and its phylogenetic position relative to other polychaete 'omic' resources. A transcriptome atlas for A. virens was generated and an RNASeq-qPCR screening approach was used to characterise the response to chronic exposures of environmentally relevant concentrations of copper and zinc in controlled mesocosms. Genes presenting dramatic expression changes in A. virens were compared with known metal-responsive genes in other polychaetes to identify new possible biomarkers and assess those currently used. This revealed some current markers should probably be abandoned (e.g. Atox1), while others, such as GST-Omega, should be used with caution, as different polychaete species appear to upregulate distinct GST-Omega orthologues. In addition, the comparisons give some indication of genes that are induced by metal exposure across phylogenetically divergent polychaetes, including a suite of haemoglobin subunits and linker chains that could play conserved roles in metal-stress response. Although such newly identified markers need further characterisation, they offer alternatives to current markers that are plainly insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Green Etxabe
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Jennifer M Pini
- CP-Texinfine (France), 60 Rue Duguesclin, 69006 Lyon, France
| | - Stephen Short
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Luis Cunha
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales CF37 4BD, UK
| | - Peter Kille
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Gordon J Watson
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK
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15
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Xie P, Wang Y, Wei D, Zhang L, Zhang B, Xiao H, Song H, Mao X. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems with platinum drugs for overcoming cancer drug resistance. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5173-5194. [PMID: 34116565 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00753j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Platinum drugs are commonly used in cancer therapy, but their therapeutic outcomes have been significantly compromised by the drug resistance of cancer cells. To this end, intensive efforts have been made to develop nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for platinum drugs, due to their multifunctionality in delivering drugs, in modulating the tumor microenvironment, and in integrating additional genes, proteins, and small molecules to overcome chemoresistance in cancers. To facilitate the clinical application of these promising nanoparticle-based platinum drug delivery systems, this paper summarizes the common mechanisms for chemoresistance towards platinum drugs, the advantages of nanoparticles in drug delivery, and recent strategies of nanoparticle-based platinum drug delivery. Furthermore, we discuss how to design delivery platforms more effectively to overcome chemoresistance in cancers, thereby improving the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China. and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yushu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Dengshuai Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Lingpu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Haiqin Song
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xinzhan Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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16
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Bhoopathy S, Bode C, Naageshwaran V, Weiskircher-Hildebrandt E, Mukkavilli V, Hidalgo IJ. Principles and Experimental Considerations for In Vitro Transporter Interaction Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2342:339-365. [PMID: 34272701 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1554-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Drug transporters are universally acknowledged as important determinants of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of both endogenous and exogenous compounds. Altered transporter function, whether due to genetic polymorphism, DDIs, disease, or environmental factors such as dietary constituents, can result in changes in drug efficacy and/or toxicity due to changes in circulating or tissue levels of either drugs or endogenous substrates.Prediction of whether and to what extent the biological fate of a drug is influenced by drug transporters, therefore, requires in vitro test systems that can accurately predict the risk and magnitude of clinical DDIs. While these in vitro assessments appear simple in theory, practitioners recognize that there are multiple factors that can influence experimental outcomes. A better understanding of these variables, including test compound characteristics, test systems, assay formats, and experimental design, will enable clear, actionable steps and translatable outcomes that may avoid unnecessary downstream clinical engagement. This chapter will delineate the role of these variables in improving in vitro assay outcomes.
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17
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Carvalho Henriques B, Yang EH, Lapetina D, Carr MS, Yavorskyy V, Hague J, Aitchison KJ. How Can Drug Metabolism and Transporter Genetics Inform Psychotropic Prescribing? Front Genet 2020; 11:491895. [PMID: 33363564 PMCID: PMC7753050 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.491895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many genetic variants in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters have been shown to be relevant for treating psychiatric disorders. Associations are strong enough to feature on drug labels and for prescribing guidelines based on such data. A range of commercial tests are available; however, there is variability in included genetic variants, methodology, and interpretation. We herein provide relevant background for understanding clinical associations with specific variants, other factors that are relevant to consider when interpreting such data (such as age, gender, drug-drug interactions), and summarize the data relevant to clinical utility of pharmacogenetic testing in psychiatry and the available prescribing guidelines. We also highlight areas for future research focus in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther H. Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Diego Lapetina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael S. Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vasyl Yavorskyy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joshua Hague
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katherine J. Aitchison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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18
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Borst P. Looking back at multidrug resistance (MDR) research and ten mistakes to be avoided when writing about ABC transporters in MDR. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4001-4011. [PMID: 33111311 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a personal, selective, and sometimes critical retrospective of the history of ABC transporters in multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells, overrepresenting discoveries of some early pioneers, long forgotten, and highlights of research in Amsterdam, mainly focussing on discoveries made with disruptions of ABC genes in mice (KO mice) and on the role of ABC transporters in causing drug resistance in a mouse model of mammary cancer. The history is complemented by a list of erroneous concepts often found in papers and grant applications submitted anno 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Borst
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Pereira C, Calado AM, Sampaio AC. The effect of benzyl isothiocyanate on Candida albicans growth, cell size, morphogenesis, and ultrastructure. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:153. [PMID: 32939678 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal yeast that may become pathogenic and even lethal to the host. Over the last few decades, antifungal resistance has increased, promoting screening of the antifungal potential of old and new substances. This study investigates the antifungal potential of isothiocyanates (ITCs) against C. albicans oral isolates. A preliminary susceptibility disk diffusion test (DD) was performed using allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), benzyl isothiocynanate (BITC) and phenyl ethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) at a fixed concentration range (0.001-0.1 M). Because C. albicans isolates were more susceptible to BITC and PEITC, their effect on cell size and on germ tube formation (GTF) were tested. The most promising molecule, BITC, was further tested for effects on cell viability, oxidative stress and for ultrastructure. ITCs, especially the aromatic ones, had a significant type-, dose- and isolate-dependent anti-Candida activity. Although BITC and PEITC had similar activity against the yeast cells, BITC had a more pronounced effect on cell size and GTF. Furthermore, BITC appears to induce oxidative stress and promote changes in the cell ultrastructure, interfering with cell wall structure. Our work showed that aromatic ITCs have the potential to effect C. albicans cells in multiple ways, including size, shape and GTF (BITC and PEITC), oxidative stress, and ultrastructure (BITC). Overall, our results suggest that BITC may be effectively used against C. albicans to modulate its growth, and control or suppress its invasive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheila Pereira
- Department of Biology and Environment, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Calado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Sampaio
- Department of Biology and Environment, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
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20
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Metabolic excretion associated with nutrient-growth dysregulation promotes the rapid evolution of an overt metabolic defect. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000757. [PMID: 32833957 PMCID: PMC7470746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, conserved mechanisms ensure that cell growth is coordinated with nutrient availability. Overactive growth during nutrient limitation ("nutrient-growth dysregulation") can lead to rapid cell death. Here, we demonstrate that cells can adapt to nutrient-growth dysregulation by evolving major metabolic defects. Specifically, when yeast lysine-auxotrophic mutant lys- encountered lysine limitation, an evolutionarily novel stress, cells suffered nutrient-growth dysregulation. A subpopulation repeatedly evolved to lose the ability to synthesize organosulfurs (lys-orgS-). Organosulfurs, mainly reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH conjugates, were released by lys- cells during lysine limitation when growth was dysregulated, but not during glucose limitation when growth was regulated. Limiting organosulfurs conferred a frequency-dependent fitness advantage to lys-orgS- by eliciting a proper slow growth program, including autophagy. Thus, nutrient-growth dysregulation is associated with rapid organosulfur release, which enables the selection of organosulfur auxotrophy to better tune cell growth to the metabolic environment. We speculate that evolutionarily novel stresses can trigger atypical release of certain metabolites, setting the stage for the evolution of new ecological interactions.
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21
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Mastrangelopoulou M, Grigalavicius M, Raabe TH, Skarpen E, Juzenas P, Peng Q, Berg K, Theodossiou TA. Predictive biomarkers for 5-ALA-PDT can lead to personalized treatments and overcome tumor-specific resistances. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 5:e1278. [PMID: 32737955 PMCID: PMC9780429 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive, clinically approved therapy with numerous advantages over other mainstream cancer therapies. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-PDT is of particular interest, as it uses the photosensitiser PpIX, naturally produced in the heme pathway, following 5-ALA administration. Even though 5-ALA-PDT shows high specificity to cancers, differences in treatment outcomes call for predictive biomarkers to better stratify patients and to also diversify 5-ALA-PDT based on each cancer's phenotypic and genotypic individualities. AIMS The present study seeks to highlight key biomarkers that may predict treatment outcome and simultaneously be exploited to overcome cancer-specific resistances to 5-ALA-PDT. METHODS AND RESULTS We submitted two glioblastoma (T98G and U87) and three breast cancer (MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and T47D) cell lines to 5-ALA-PDT. Glioblastoma cells were the most resilient to 5-ALA-PDT, while intracellular production of 5-ALA-derived protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) could not account for the recorded PDT responses. We identified the levels of expression of ABCG2 transporters, ferrochelatase (FECH), and heme oxygenase (HO-1) as predictive biomarkers for 5-ALA-PDT. GPX4 and GSTP1 expression vs intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels also showed potential as PDT biomarkers. For T98G cells, inhibition of ABCG2, FECH, HO-1, and/or intracellular GSH depletion led to profound PDT enhancement. Inhibition of ABCG2 in U87 cells was the only synergistic adjuvant to 5-ALA-PDT, rendering the otherwise resistant cell line fully responsive to 5-ALA-PDT. ABCG2 or FECH inhibition significantly enhanced 5-ALA-PDT-induced MCF7 cytotoxicity, while for MDA-MB-231, ABCG2 inhibition and intracellular GSH depletion conferred profound synergies. FECH inhibition was the only synergism to ALA-PDT for the most susceptible among the cell lines, T47D cells. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the heterogeneity in the cellular response to 5-ALA-PDT and identifies biomarkers that may be used to predict treatment outcome. The study also provides preliminary findings on the potential of inhibiting specific molecular targets to overcome inherent resistances to 5-ALA-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mastrangelopoulou
- Department of Radiation BiologyInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Mantas Grigalavicius
- Department of Radiation BiologyInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Tine H. Raabe
- Department of Radiation BiologyInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Ellen Skarpen
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Petras Juzenas
- Department of PathologyThe Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of PathologyThe Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation BiologyInstitute for Cancer Research, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
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Mishra SK, Khan MH, Misra S, Dixit VK, Gupta S, Tiwari S, Chandra Gupta S, Chauhan PS. Drought tolerant Ochrobactrum sp. inoculation performs multiple roles in maintaining the homeostasis in Zea mays L. subjected to deficit water stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 150:1-14. [PMID: 32097873 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improve plant health under various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of PGPR in deficit water stress (WS) remain less explored. This study aimed to characterize the role of Ochrobactrum sp. NBRISH6 inoculation on maize (Zea mays "Maharaja") under WS conditions using multiple approaches such as physiological, anatomical, metabolic, and molecular. The effect of NBRISH6 inoculation using maize as a host plant was characterized under greenhouse conditions in deficit water stress. Results from this study demonstrated that NBRISH6 significantly lowered the expression of genes involved in the abscisic acid cycle, deficit water stress-response, osmotic stress, and antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase). Phytohormones, i.e. indole acetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid (SA) levels, intercellular CO2 concentration, metabolites such as simple sugars, amino acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and the number of shrunken pith cells modulated in maize roots inoculated with NBRISH6. The NBRISH6 inoculation also improved the plant vegetative properties (root length, 33.80%; shoot length, 20.68%; root dry weight, 39.21%; shoot dry weight, 61.95%), shoot nutrients, xylem cells, root hairs, vapor pressure deficit (75%), intrinsic water-use efficiency (41.67%), photosynthesis rate (83.33%), and total chlorophyll (16.15%) as compared to the respective stress controls. This study provides valuable insights into mechanistic functions of PGPR in WS amelioration and promoting plant physiological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Kumar Mishra
- Microbial Technologies Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mohammad Haneef Khan
- Microbial Technologies Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Sankalp Misra
- Microbial Technologies Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vijay Kant Dixit
- Microbial Technologies Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Swati Gupta
- Microbial Technologies Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shalini Tiwari
- Microbial Technologies Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Sateesh Chandra Gupta
- Microbial Technologies Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- Microbial Technologies Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Matsui R, Ferran B, Oh A, Croteau D, Shao D, Han J, Pimentel DR, Bachschmid MM. Redox Regulation via Glutaredoxin-1 and Protein S-Glutathionylation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:677-700. [PMID: 31813265 PMCID: PMC7047114 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Over the past several years, oxidative post-translational modifications of protein cysteines have been recognized for their critical roles in physiology and pathophysiology. Cells have harnessed thiol modifications involving both oxidative and reductive steps for signaling and protein processing. One of these stages requires oxidation of cysteine to sulfenic acid, followed by two reduction reactions. First, glutathione (reduced glutathione [GSH]) forms a S-glutathionylated protein, and second, enzymatic or chemical reduction removes the modification. Under physiological conditions, these steps confer redox signaling and protect cysteines from irreversible oxidation. However, oxidative stress can overwhelm protein S-glutathionylation and irreversibly modify cysteine residues, disrupting redox signaling. Critical Issues: Glutaredoxins mainly catalyze the removal of protein-bound GSH and help maintain protein thiols in a highly reduced state without exerting direct antioxidant properties. Conversely, glutathione S-transferase (GST), peroxiredoxins, and occasionally glutaredoxins can also catalyze protein S-glutathionylation, thus promoting a dynamic redox environment. Recent Advances: The latest studies of glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) transgenic or knockout mice demonstrate important distinct roles of Glrx in a variety of pathologies. Endogenous Glrx is essential to maintain normal hepatic lipid homeostasis and prevent fatty liver disease. Further, in vivo deletion of Glrx protects lungs from inflammation and bacterial pneumonia-induced damage, attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiovascular hypertrophy, and improves ischemic limb vascularization. Meanwhile, exogenous Glrx administration can reverse pathological lung fibrosis. Future Directions: Although S-glutathionylation modifies many proteins, these studies suggest that S-glutathionylation and Glrx regulate specific pathways in vivo, and they implicate Glrx as a potential novel therapeutic target to treat diverse disease conditions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 32, 677-700.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Matsui
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beatriz Ferran
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albin Oh
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dominique Croteau
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Di Shao
- Helens Clinical Research Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyan Han
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Richard Pimentel
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Markus Michael Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Liu H, Ma J, Li Y, Yue K, Li L, Xi Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Feng K, Ma Q, Liu S, Guo S, Wang PG, Wang C, Xie S. Polyamine-Based Pt(IV) Prodrugs as Substrates for Polyamine Transporters Preferentially Accumulate in Cancer Metastases as DNA and Polyamine Metabolism Dual-Targeted Antimetastatic Agents. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11324-11334. [PMID: 31765154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diverse platinum drug candidates have been designed to improve inhibitory potency and overcome resistance for orthotopic tumors. However, the antimetastatic properties have rarely been reported. We herein report that homospermidineplatin (4a), a polyamine-Pt(IV) prodrug, can potently inhibit tumor growth in situ and reverse cisplatin resistance as expected, and more importantly, 4a displays remarkably elevated antimetastatic activity in vivo (65.7%), compared to those of cisplatin (27.0%) and oxaliplatin (19.6%). The underlying molecular mechanism indicates that in addition to targeting nuclear DNA, 4a can modulate polyamine metabolism and function in a manner different from that of cisplatin. By upregulating SSAT and PAO, 4a downregulates the concentrations of Put, Spd, and Spm, which favors the suppression of fast-growing tumor cells. Moreover, the p53/SSAT/β-catenin and PAO/ROS/GSH/GSH-Px pathways are involved in the inhibition of 4a-induced tumor metastasis. Our study implies a promising strategy for the design of platinum drugs for the treatment of terminal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation , Henan University , North Jinming Avenue , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation , Henan University , North Jinming Avenue , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Yingguang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation , Henan University , North Jinming Avenue , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Kexin Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation , Henan University , North Jinming Avenue , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Linrong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation , Henan University , North Jinming Avenue , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Zhuoqing Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation , Henan University , North Jinming Avenue , Kaifeng 475004 , China
- Henan University of Science and Technology Second Affiliated Hospital , Luoyang 471000 , China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Jianing Liu
- School of Medicine , Henan University Minsheng College , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Kai Feng
- School of Medicine , Henan University Minsheng College , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Qi Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation , Henan University , North Jinming Avenue , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Sitong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation , Henan University , North Jinming Avenue , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Shudi Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation , Henan University , North Jinming Avenue , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Peng George Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and National Glycoengineering Research Center , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering , Henan University , Kaifeng 475004 , China
| | - Songqiang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Chemical Biology , Henan University , North Jinming Avenue , Kaifeng 475004 , China
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25
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Nigam SK, Bush KT. Uraemic syndrome of chronic kidney disease: altered remote sensing and signalling. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 15:301-316. [PMID: 30728454 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Uraemic syndrome (also known as uremic syndrome) in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease involves the accumulation in plasma of small-molecule uraemic solutes and uraemic toxins (also known as uremic toxins), dysfunction of multiple organs and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. As such, uraemic syndrome can be viewed as a disease of perturbed inter-organ and inter-organism (host-microbiota) communication. Multiple biological pathways are affected, including those controlled by solute carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes, many of which are also involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME). The remote sensing and signalling hypothesis identifies SLC and ABC transporter-mediated communication between organs and/or between the host and gut microbiota as key to the homeostasis of metabolites, antioxidants, signalling molecules, microbiota-derived products and dietary components in body tissues and fluid compartments. Thus, this hypothesis provides a useful perspective on the pathobiology of uraemic syndrome. Pathways considered central to drug ADME might be particularly important for the body's attempts to restore homeostasis, including the correction of disturbances due to kidney injury and the accumulation of uraemic solutes and toxins. This Review discusses how the remote sensing and signalling hypothesis helps to provide a systems-level understanding of aspects of uraemia that could lead to novel approaches to its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Nigam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin T Bush
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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26
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Baldwin WS. Phase 0 of the Xenobiotic Response: Nuclear Receptors and Other Transcription Factors as a First Step in Protection from Xenobiotics. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2019; 6:101447. [PMID: 31815118 PMCID: PMC6897393 DOI: 10.32527/2019/101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini-review examines the crucial importance of transcription factors as a first line of defense in the detoxication of xenobiotics. Key transcription factors that recognize xenobiotics or xenobiotic-induced stress such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), include AhR, PXR, CAR, MTF, Nrf2, NF-κB, and AP-1. These transcription factors constitute a significant portion of the pathways induced by toxicants as they regulate phase I-III detoxication enzymes and transporters as well as other protective proteins such as heat shock proteins, chaperones, and anti-oxidants. Because they are often the first line of defense and induce phase I-III metabolism, could these transcription factors be considered the phase 0 of xenobiotic response?
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Baldwin
- Clemson University, Biological Sciences/Environmental Toxicology, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634
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27
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Niu C, Wang Y, Zhao X, Tep S, Murakami E, Subramanian R, Smith B, Lai Y. Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Genes Are Not Induced by the Pregnane X Receptor Activator Rifampin: Studies in Hepatocytes In Vitro and in Monkeys In Vivo. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1433-1442. [PMID: 31582395 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.088922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction potentials of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) activator rifampin (RIF) on transporter genes [e.g., organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs)] are still in its infancy or remain controversial in the field. The present investigations characterized changes in transporter gene expression by RIF in sandwich-cultured hepatocytes from multiple donors of human and cynomolgus monkey using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method. Three-day treatment of RIF significantly induced CYP3A4 (∼60-fold induction), but not CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 genes. SLC51B was the most highly induced uptake transporter gene (>10-fold) in both human and monkey hepatocytes. A greater induction of CYP2C9 was observed in monkey hepatocytes than that in humans. ATP-binding cassette (ABC)B1 and ABCC2 were induced slightly above 2-fold in human and monkey hepatocytes and appeared to be dose-dependent. The induction of OATP and other transporter genes was generally less than 2-fold and considered not clinically relevant. SLCO2B1 was not detectable in monkey hepatocytes. To investigate in vivo OATP induction, RIF (18 mg/kg per day) was orally dosed to cynomolgus monkeys for 7 days. Pitavastatin and antipyrine were intravenously dosed before and after RIF treatment as exogenous probes of OATP and CYP activities, respectively. Plasma coproporphyrin-I (CP-I) and coproporphyrin-III (CP-III) were measured as OATP endogenous biomarkers. Although a significant increase of antipyrine clearance (CL) was observed after RIF treatment, the plasma exposures of pitavastatin, CP-I, and CP-III remained unchanged, suggesting that OATP function was not significantly altered. The results suggested that OATP transporters were not significantly induced by PXR ligand RIF. The data are consistent with current regulatory guidances that the in vitro characterization of transporter induction during drug development is not required. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) genes were not induced by rifampin in sandwich-cultured human and monkey hepatocytes OATP functions measured by OATP probe pitavastatin and endogenous marker coproporphyrins were not altered in monkeys in vivo by 7-day rifampin treatment. The data suggested that OATP transporters are unlikely induced by the pregnane X receptor ligand rifampin, which are consistent with current regulatory guidances that the in vitro characterization of OATP1B induction during drug development is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congrong Niu
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California
| | - Yujin Wang
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California
| | - Sam Tep
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California
| | | | | | - Bill Smith
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California
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Mangelinck A, da Costa MEM, Stefanovska B, Bawa O, Polrot M, Gaspar N, Fromigué O. MT2A is an early predictive biomarker of response to chemotherapy and a potential therapeutic target in osteosarcoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12301. [PMID: 31444479 PMCID: PMC6707240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent primary bone malignancy in children and young adults. Resistance to chemotherapy remains a key challenge for effective treatment of patients with osteosarcoma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the preventive role of metallothionein-2A (MT2A) in response to cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. A panel of human and murine osteosarcoma cell lines, modified for MT2A were evaluated for cell viability, and motility (wound healing assay). Cell-derived xenograft models were established in mice. FFPE tumour samples were assessed by IHC. In vitro experiments indicated a positive correlation between half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for drugs in clinical practice, and MT2A mRNA level. This reinforced our previously reported correlation between MT2A mRNA level in tumour samples at diagnosis and overall survival in patients with osteosarcoma. In addition, MT2A/MT2 silencing using shRNA strategy led to a marked reduction of IC50 values and to enhanced cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy on primary tumour. Our results show that MT2A level could be used as a predictive biomarker of resistance to chemotherapy, and provide with preclinical rational for MT2A targeting as a therapeutic strategy for enhancing anti-tumour treatment of innate chemo-resistant osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Mangelinck
- INSERM, UMR981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France.,Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Montpellier, F-34090, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34090, France
| | - Maria Eugénia Marques da Costa
- CNRS, UMR8203, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, F-91400, France.,CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, P-3810, Portugal
| | - Bojana Stefanovska
- INSERM, UMR981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, F-91400, France
| | - Olivia Bawa
- Plateforme d'évaluation préclinique (PFEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Mélanie Polrot
- Plateforme d'évaluation préclinique (PFEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Nathalie Gaspar
- CNRS, UMR8203, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France.,Département de cancérologie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Olivia Fromigué
- INSERM, UMR981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France. .,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, F-91400, France.
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Ghanem CI, Manautou JE. Modulation of Hepatic MRP3/ABCC3 by Xenobiotics and Pathophysiological Conditions: Role in Drug Pharmacokinetics. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1185-1223. [PMID: 29473496 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180221142315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver transporters play an important role in the pharmacokinetics and disposition of pharmaceuticals, environmental contaminants, and endogenous compounds. Among them, the family of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters is the most important due to its role in the transport of endo- and xenobiotics. The ABCC sub-family is the largest one, consisting of 13 members that include the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR/ABCC7); the sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1/ABCC8 and SUR2/ABCC9) and the multidrug resistanceassociated proteins (MRPs). The MRP-related proteins can collectively confer resistance to natural, synthetic drugs and their conjugated metabolites, including platinum-containing compounds, folate anti-metabolites, nucleoside and nucleotide analogs, among others. MRPs can be also catalogued into "long" (MRP1/ABCC1, -2/C2, -3/C3, -6/C6, and -7/C10) and "short" (MRP4/C4, -5/C5, -8/C11, -9/C12, and -10/C13) categories. While MRP2/ABCC2 is expressed in the canalicular pole of hepatocytes, all others are located in the basolateral membrane. In this review, we summarize information from studies examining the changes in expression and regulation of the basolateral hepatic transporter MPR3/ABCC3 by xenobiotics and during various pathophysiological conditions. We also focus, primarily, on the consequences of such changes in the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and/or toxicity of different drugs of clinical use transported by MRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina I Ghanem
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacologicas (ININFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. CONICET. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Catedra de Fisiopatologia. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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30
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GSH Synthetic Analogue O-Methyl-L-Tyrosinylglutathione Regulates Nrf2-Mediated Expression of GCLc and GCLm. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/3841219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A glutathione (L-γ-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, GSH) analogue, UPF1 (O-methyl-L-tyrosinylglutathione), has been shown to increase intracellular concentration of total glutahione (tGSH) in K562 cells. The synthesis of GSH is a two-step process that requires the actions of two distinct enzymes: γ-glutamyl-cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione synthetase (GS). Transcription of the GCL is controlled by multiple different factors, among others the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 transcription factor (Nrf2), which under the oxidative stress translocates into nucleus, where it binds to the dedicated binding site—antioxidant response element (ARE). In the present study, we investigated if the observed increased concentration of intracellular tGSH is a result of activation of Nrf2 protein—a key transcription factor in the cellular antioxidant response. Two distinct cell lines, adherent human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 and nonadherent human myelogenous cell line K562, were chosen to establish if the increased intracellular tGSH is a universal response to the UPF1 treatment. Western blot analysis demonstrated that, after 3 h, the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLc) level in HepG2 cells was higher than the modifying subunit of GCL (GCLm), while in K562 cells no change was observed. After 24 h, the GCLc level was higher than GCLm in K562 cells but not in the HepG2 cell line. Reverse-transcriptase PCR experiment demonstrated that no statistically significant difference was found in GCLm or GCLc mRNA levels, while the expression of the mRNA of Nrf2 and GS was elevated in the K562 cell line. Our findings suggest that UPF1 displays unique properties of mobilizing cellular defence mechanisms against reactive oxygen species while it is previously been shown to act as potent antioxidant per se.
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31
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Aniogo EC, Plackal Adimuriyil George B, Abrahamse H. The role of photodynamic therapy on multidrug resistant breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:91. [PMID: 31007609 PMCID: PMC6458738 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer heterogeneity allows cells with different phenotypes to co-exist, contributing to treatment failure and development of drug resistance. In addition, abnormal signal transduction and dysfunctional DNA repair genes are common features with breast cancer resistance. Chemo-resistance of breast cancer associated with multidrug resistance events utilizes ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters to decrease drug intracellular concentration. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the treatment that involves a combination of a photosensitizer (PS), light and molecular oxygen to induce cell death. This treatment modality has been considered as a possible approach in combatting multidrug resistance phenomenon although its therapeutic potential towards chemo-resistance is still unclear. Attempts to minimize the impact of efflux transporters on drug resistance suggested concurrent use of chemotherapy agents, nanotechnology, endolysosomal release of drug by photochemical internalization and the use of structurally related compound inhibitors to block the transport function of the multidrug resistant transporters. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of membrane ABC efflux transporters in therapeutic outcomes and highlight research findings related to PDT and its applications on breast cancer with multidrug resistance phenotype. With the development of an ideal PS for photodynamic cancer treatment, it is possible that light activation may be used not only to sensitize the tumour but also to enable release of PS into the cytosol and as such bypass efflux membrane proteins and inhibit escape pathways that may lead to resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chekwube Aniogo
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028 South Africa
| | - Blassan Plackal Adimuriyil George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028 South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028 South Africa
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32
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Theodossiou TA, Ali M, Grigalavicius M, Grallert B, Dillard P, Schink KO, Olsen CE, Wälchli S, Inderberg EM, Kubin A, Peng Q, Berg K. Simultaneous defeat of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 resistances by a hypericin PDT-tamoxifen hybrid therapy. NPJ Breast Cancer 2019; 5:13. [PMID: 30993194 PMCID: PMC6458138 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-019-0108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently the greatest challenge in oncology is the lack of homogeneity of the lesions where different cell components respond differently to treatment. There is growing consensus that monotherapies are insufficient to eradicate the disease and there is an unmet need for more potent combinatorial treatments. We have previously shown that hypericin photodynamic therapy (HYP-PDT) triggers electron transport chain (ETC) inhibition in cell mitochondria. We have also shown that tamoxifen (TAM) enhances cytotoxicity in cells with high respiration, when combined with ETC inhibitors. Herein we introduce a synergistic treatment based on TAM chemotherapy and HYP-PDT. We tested this novel combinatorial treatment (HYPERTAM) in two metabolically different breast cancer cell lines, the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 and the estrogen-receptor-positive MCF7, the former being quite sensitive to HYP-PDT while the latter very responsive to TAM treatment. In addition, we investigated the mode of death, effect of lipid peroxidation, and the effect on cell metabolism. The results were quite astounding. HYPERTAM exhibited over 90% cytotoxicity in both cell lines. This cytotoxicity was in the form of both necrosis and autophagy, while high levels of lipid peroxidation were observed in both cell lines. We, consequently, translated our research to an in vivo pilot study encompassing the MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 tumor models in NOD SCID-γ immunocompromised mice. Both treatment cohorts responded very positively to HYPERTRAM, which significantly prolonged mice survival. HYPERTAM is a potent, synergistic modality, which may lay the foundations for a novel, composite anticancer treatment, effective in diverse tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodossis A. Theodossiou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mantas Grigalavicius
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Beata Grallert
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pierre Dillard
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kay Oliver Schink
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine E. Olsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Kubin
- PLANTA Naturstoffe Vertriebs GmbH, A-1120 Wien, Austria
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
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Nerush AS, Shсhukina KM, Balalaeva IV, Orlova AG. Hydrogen peroxide in the reactions of cancer cells to cisplatin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:692-702. [PMID: 30690121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is thought to be one of the key components involved in the responses of tumor cells to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to reveal the pathways and the phases of cisplatin-induced cell death that are characterized by changes of H2O2 level. METHODS The genetically encoded cytosolic fluorescent sensor HyPer2 was used for flow cytometric analysis of the cisplatin-induced changes in H2O2 level in HeLa Kyoto cells. Using a vital dye and the apoptotic markers PE Annexin V or TMRE the pathways and stages of cell death were investigated simultaneously with HyPer2 response. The H2O2 level was studied separately in viable and early apoptotic cells after 12, 18, 24 h's incubation with cisplatin at several concentrations with or without the scavenger of reactive oxygen species NAC. RESULTS Cisplatin causes dose- and time-dependent increase of H2O2 level in TMRE-positive and PE Annexin V-negative cancer cells. The scavenging of ROS by NAC decreased the H2O2 level and restored cell viability. CONCLUSION Н2О2 generation begins in cells that have already lost mitochondrial membrane potential but have not yet externalized phosphatidylserine. Prevention of apoptosis by NAC confirmed the role of H2O2 in apoptosis induction. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first time that the sensor HyPer2 has been used in parallel with apoptotic markers and vital dye to demonstrate the role of H2O2 in different stages and types of tumor cell death under chemotherapeutic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Nerush
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - K M Shсhukina
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - I V Balalaeva
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Orlova
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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34
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Glutathione Transferases: Potential Targets to Overcome Chemoresistance in Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123785. [PMID: 30487385 PMCID: PMC6321424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional enzymes glutathione transferases (GSTs) are involved in the development of chemoresistance, thus representing a promising target for a novel approach in cancer treatment. This superfamily of polymorphic enzymes exhibits extraordinary substrate promiscuity responsible for detoxification of numerous conventional chemotherapeutics, at the same time regulating signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition to upregulated GST expression, different cancer cell types have a unique GST signature, enabling targeted selectivity for isoenzyme specific inhibitors and pro-drugs. As a result of extensive research, certain GST inhibitors are already tested in clinical trials. Catalytic properties of GST isoenzymes are also exploited in bio-activation of specific pro-drugs, enabling their targeted accumulation in cancer cells with upregulated expression of the appropriate GST isoenzyme. Moreover, the latest approach to increase specificity in treatment of solid tumors is development of GST pro-drugs that are derivatives of conventional anti-cancer drugs. A future perspective is based on the design of new drugs, which would selectively target GST overexpressing cancers more prone to developing chemoresistance, while decreasing side effects in off-target cells.
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35
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McGivern TJP, Slator C, Kellett A, Marmion CJ. Innovative DNA-Targeted Metallo-prodrug Strategy Combining Histone Deacetylase Inhibition with Oxidative Stress. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5058-5071. [PMID: 30192548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a global health challenge. There is an urgent need to develop innovative therapeutics that can overcome the shortcomings of existing cancer therapies. DNA enzymes involved in nucleic acid compaction and organization are an attractive cancer drug target for therapeutic exploitation. In this work, a family of Cu(II) prodrugs containing suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a well-established histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and clinically approved cancer drug, and phenanthrene ligands as DNA intercalative components have been rationally developed. The complexes, of general formula [Cu(SAHA-1H)( N, N'-phenanthrene)]+, exhibit excellent DNA recognition with binding affinity of lead agents in the order of ∼107 M(bp)-1. Biophysical studies involving nucleic acid polymers indicate intercalative binding at both adenine-thymine (A-T) and guanine-cytosine (G-C) rich sequences but thermodynamically stable interactions are favored in G-C tracts. The complexes mediate DNA damage by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) with spin trapping experiments showing that superoxide, the hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide play critical roles in strand scission. The agents were found to have promising antiproliferative effects against a panel of epithelial cancers, and in two representative cell lines possessing mutated p53 (SK-OV-3 and DU145), enhanced cytotoxicity was observed. Significantly, mechanistic experiments with the most promising candidates revealed HDAC inhibition activity was achieved over a shorter time frame as compared to clinical standards with DNA damage-response markers identifying upregulation of both DNA synthesis and nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways. Finally, confocal imaging and gene expression analysis show this metallodrug class exerts cytotoxic activity predominantly through an apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadhg J P McGivern
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , 123 St. Stephen's Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland.,School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology , Dublin City University , Glasnevin, Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Creina Slator
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology , Dublin City University , Glasnevin, Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Andrew Kellett
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology , Dublin City University , Glasnevin, Dublin 9 , Ireland
| | - Celine J Marmion
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , 123 St. Stephen's Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland
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36
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Dasari S, Ganjayi MS, Yellanurkonda P, Basha S, Meriga B. Role of glutathione S-transferases in detoxification of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, methylcholanthrene. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 294:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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37
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Lai YH, Kuo C, Kuo MT, Chen HHW. Modulating Chemosensitivity of Tumors to Platinum-Based Antitumor Drugs by Transcriptional Regulation of Copper Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051486. [PMID: 29772714 PMCID: PMC5983780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum (Pt)-based antitumor agents have been effective in treating many human malignancies. Drug importing, intracellular shuffling, and exporting—carried out by the high-affinity copper (Cu) transporter (hCtr1), Cu chaperone (Ato x1), and Cu exporters (ATP7A and ATP7B), respectively—cumulatively contribute to the chemosensitivity of Pt drugs including cisplatin and carboplatin, but not oxaliplatin. This entire system can also handle Pt drugs via interactions between Pt and the thiol-containing amino acid residues in these proteins; the interactions are strongly influenced by cellular redox regulators such as glutathione. hCtr1 expression is induced by acute Cu deprivation, and the induction is regulated by the transcription factor specific protein 1 (Sp1) which by itself is also regulated by Cu concentration variations. Copper displaces zinc (Zn) coordination at the zinc finger (ZF) domains of Sp1 and inactivates its DNA binding, whereas Cu deprivation enhances Sp1-DNA interactions and increases Sp1 expression, which in turn upregulates hCtr1. Because of the shared transport system, chemosensitivity of Pt drugs can be modulated by targeting Cu transporters. A Cu-lowering agent (trientine) in combination with a Pt drug (carboplatin) has been used in clinical studies for overcoming Pt-resistance. Future research should aim at further developing effective Pt drug retention strategies for improving the treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Chin Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Macus Tien Kuo
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Helen H W Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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Chen L, Wan H, Qian J, Guo J, Sun C, Wen J, Yi B, Ma C, Tu J, Song L, Fu T, Shen J. Genome-Wide Association Study of Cadmium Accumulation at the Seedling Stage in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:375. [PMID: 29725340 PMCID: PMC5917214 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a potentially toxic heavy metal to human health. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), a vegetable and oilseed crop, might also be a Cd hyperaccumulator, but there is little information on this trait in rapeseed. We evaluated Cd accumulation in different oilseed accessions and employed a genome-wide association study to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to Cd accumulation. A total of 419 B. napus accessions and inbred lines were genotyped with a 60K Illumina Infinium SNP array of Brassica. Wide genotypic variations in Cd concentration and translocation were found. Twenty-five QTLs integrated with 98 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at 15 chromosomes were associated with Cd accumulation traits. These QTLs explained 3.49-7.57% of the phenotypic variation observed. Thirty-two candidate genes were identified in these genomic regions, and they were 0.33-497.97 kb away from the SNPs. We found orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana located near the significant SNPs on the B. napus genome, including NRAMP6 (natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 6), IRT1 (iron-regulated transporter 1), CAD1 (cadmium-sensitive 1), and PCS2 (phytochelatin synthase 2). Of them, four candidate genes were verified by qRT-PCR, the expression levels of which were significantly higher after exposure to Cd than in the controls. Our results might facilitate the study of the genetic basis of Cd accumulation and the cloning of candidate Cd accumulation genes, which could be used to help reduce Cd levels in edible plant parts and/or create more efficient hyperaccumulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunlin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Nanchang Branch of National Center of Oilcrops Improvement, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Biology, Crops Research Institute of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Heping Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Qian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengming Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Laiqiang Song
- Nanchang Branch of National Center of Oilcrops Improvement, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Biology, Crops Research Institute of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Benet LZ. Predicting Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics in the Individual Patient: Separating Reality From Hype. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 58:979-989. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Z. Benet
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences; Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine; San Francisco CA USA
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40
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Petty HR. Frontiers of Complex Disease Mechanisms: Membrane Surface Tension May Link Genotype to Phenotype in Glaucoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:32. [PMID: 29682502 PMCID: PMC5897435 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many monogenic diseases are understood based upon structural changes of gene products, less progress has been made concerning polygenic disease mechanisms. This article presents a new interdisciplinary approach to understand complex diseases, especially their genetic polymorphisms. I focus upon primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Although elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and oxidative stress are glaucoma hallmarks, the linkages between these factors and cell death are obscure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote the formation of oxidatively truncated phosphoglycerides (OTP), free fatty acids, lysophosphoglycerides, oxysterols, and other chemical species that promote membrane disruption and decrease membrane surface tension. Several POAG-linked gene polymorphisms identify proteins that manage damaged lipids and/or influence membrane surface tension. POAG-related genes expected to participate in these processes include: ELOVL5, ABCA1, APOE4, GST, CYP46A1, MYOC, and CAV. POAG-related gene products are expected to influence membrane surface tension, strength, and repair. I propose that heightened IOP overcomes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) membrane compressive strength, weakened by damaged lipid accumulation, to form pores. The ensuing structural failure promotes apoptosis and blindness. The linkage between glaucoma genotype and phenotype is mediated by physical events. Force balancing between the IOP and compressive strength regulates pore nucleation; force balancing between pore line tension and membrane surface tension regulates pore growth. Similar events may contribute to traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard R Petty
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Zhu Y, Chu SJ, Luo YL, Fu JY, Tang CY, Lu GH, Pang YJ, Wang XM, Yang RW, Qi JL, Yang YH. Involvement of LeMRP, an ATP-binding cassette transporter, in shikonin transport and biosynthesis in Lithospermum erythrorhizon. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:365-373. [PMID: 29139179 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin and its derivatives are important medicinal secondary metabolites accumulating in roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Although some membrane proteins have been identified as transporters of secondary metabolites, the mechanisms underlying shikonin transport and accumulation in L. erythrorhizon cells still remain largely unknown. In this study, we isolated a cDNA encoding LeMRP, an ATP-binding cassette transporter from L. erythrorhizon, and further investigated its functions in the transport and biosynthesis of shikonin using the yeast transformation and transgenic hairy root methods, respectively. Real-time PCR was applied for expression analyses of LeMRP and shikonin biosynthetic enzyme genes. Functional analysis of LeMRP using the heterologous yeast cell expression system showed that LeMRP could be involved in shikonin transport. Transgenic hairy roots of L. erythrorhizon demonstrated that LeMRP overexpressing hairy roots produced more shikonin than the empty vector (EV) control. Real-time PCR results revealed that the enhanced shikonin biosynthesis in the overexpression lines was mainly caused by highly up-regulated expression of genes coding key enzymes (LePAL, HMGR, Le4CL and LePGT) involved in shikonin biosynthesis. Conversely, LeMRP RNAi decreased the accumulation of shikonin and effectively down-regulated expression level of the above genes. Typical inhibitors of ABC proteins, such as azide and buthionine sulphoximine, dramatically inhibited accumulation of shikonin in hairy roots. Our findings provide evidence for the important direct or indirect role of LeMRP in transmembrane transport and biosynthesis of shikonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhu
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - S-J Chu
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y-L Luo
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - J-Y Fu
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - C-Y Tang
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - G-H Lu
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y-J Pang
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - X-M Wang
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - R-W Yang
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - J-L Qi
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y-H Yang
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Chen L, Yang H, Yu C, Yuan M, Li H. High hepatic exposure of furanocoumarins in Radix Angelica dahuricae is associated with transporter mediated active uptake. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 212:74-85. [PMID: 29055720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Angelica dahuricae (RAD), the roots of Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav, is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been used for centuries to treat headaches, toothaches, nose congestion, abscesses, furunculoses, and acne. This herb is also one of frequently reported TCMs showing the herb-drug interaction potential. Furanocoumarins are main bioactive components of RAD. AIM OF THE STUDY This study is designed to characterize the tissue distribution profiles of furanocoumarins after oral administration of RAD extract in rats and to explore the mechanism underlying the high hepatic exposure of the major furanocoumarins. MATERIALS AND METHODS The tissue distribution of nine furanocoumarins was determined in rats after an oral dose of 0.46g/kg RAD extract using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Unbound fractions (ƒu) of major furanocoumarins, including imperatorin (IM), isoimperatorin (IIM), bergapten (BER) and oxypeucedanin hydrate (OXYH), were measured in rat plasma and selected tissue homogenates (liver, kidney, lung and brain) with Rapid Equilibrium Dialysis (RED) method. The temperature dependent hepatic uptake of IM, IIM, BER and OXYH were evaluated in suspended rat primary hepatocytes at 4°C or 37°C by the oil-spin method. The uptake kinetics was conducted in the cells over a wide concentration range. The furanocoumarins were co-incubated with a panel of transporter inhibitors to investigate the involvement of uptake transporters in the hepatic uptake. The transcellular transport characteristics of IM, IIM, BER and OXYH were further assessed using Caco-2 cell monolayer model. RESULTS IM, IIM, BER and OXYH were found to be the major bioactive furanocoumarins in rat plasma and tissues, representing more than 90% exposure for all the detected furanocoumarins. The most concentrative organ of major furanocoumarins was the liver, with liver-to-plasma exposure ratio (Kp,AUC) of 5.1, 6.5 and 4.7 for IM, IIM and BER, and 2.3 for OXYH, respectively. IM, IIM and BER also showed higher concentrations in the kidney with Kp above 2.2. The higher protein binding of the furanocoumarins partially contributed to their higher tissue exposure. In suspended rat primary hepatocyte, the hepatic uptake of IM, IIM, BER and OXYH was temperature-dependent, with considerably higher uptake at 37°C than at 4°C. Uptake kinetics indicated that the hepatic uptake of IM, IIM, BER and OXYH involved both active transport and passive diffusion processes. For IM, IIM and BER, the contribution of the active transport was greater than the passive process, with the CLactive/CLuptake > 72%. Ritonavir (RTN) and cyclosporine A (CsA), the known inhibitors of organic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp) significantly inhibited the hepatic uptake of IM and BER, while the inhibitor of the organic anion transporters (Oat) probenecid (PBC) remarkably reduced IIM uptake. In the Caco-2 cell model, the furanocoumarins were highly permeable in the apical to basolateral direction without notable active efflux. CONCLUSION The furanocoumarins rapidly and widely distributed into various tissues after oral dose of the RAD extract. IM, IIM, BER and OXYH were the major components detected in both plasma and tissues. Liver was the most distributed tissue of the total and free furanocoumarins. Non-specific protein binding contributed partially to the higher tissue exposures of these bioactive components. The Oatp and Oat mediated active uptake played the primal role in the high hepatic exposure of the furanocoumarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, 100850 Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 100850 Beijing, China.
| | - Haiying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, 100850 Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 100850 Beijing, China.
| | - Chenchen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, 100850 Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 100850 Beijing, China.
| | - Mei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, 100850 Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 100850 Beijing, China.
| | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, 100850 Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 100850 Beijing, China.
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Pan H, Kim E, Rankin GO, Rojanasakul Y, Tu Y, Chen YC. Theaflavin-3,3'-Digallate Enhances the Inhibitory Effect of Cisplatin by Regulating the Copper Transporter 1 and Glutathione in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E117. [PMID: 29301278 PMCID: PMC5796066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest fatality rate among the gynecologic cancers. The side effects, high relapse rate, and drug resistance lead to low long-term survival rate (less than 40%) of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3), a black tea polyphenol, showed less cytotoxicity to normal ovarian cells than ovarian cancer cells. We aimed to investigate whether TF3 could potentiate the inhibitory effect of cisplatin against human ovarian cancer cell lines. In the present study, combined treatment with TF3 and cisplatin showed a synergistic cytotoxicity against A2780/CP70 and OVCAR3 cells. Treatment with TF3 could increase the intracellular accumulation of platinum (Pt) and DNA-Pt adducts and enhanced DNA damage induced by cisplatin in both cells. Treatment with TF3 decreased the glutathione (GSH) levels and upregulated the protein levels of the copper transporter 1 (CTR1) in both cells, which led to the enhanced sensitivity of both ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin. The results imply that TF3 might be used as an adjuvant to potentiate the inhibitory effect of cisplatin against advanced ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Pan
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA.
| | - Eunhye Kim
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Gary O Rankin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA.
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Abstract
Many potentially toxic electrophilic xenobiotics and some endogenous compounds are detoxified by conversion to the corresponding glutathione S-conjugate, which is metabolized to the N-acetylcysteine S-conjugate (mercapturate) and excreted. Some mercapturate pathway components, however, are toxic. Bioactivation (toxification) may occur when the glutathione S-conjugate (or mercapturate) is converted to a cysteine S-conjugate that undergoes a β-lyase reaction. If the sulfhydryl-containing fragment produced in this reaction is reactive, toxicity may ensue. Some drugs and halogenated workplace/environmental contaminants are bioactivated by this mechanism. On the other hand, cysteine S-conjugate β-lyases occur in nature as a means of generating some biologically useful sulfhydryl-containing compounds.
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Vučetić M, Cormerais Y, Parks SK, Pouysségur J. The Central Role of Amino Acids in Cancer Redox Homeostasis: Vulnerability Points of the Cancer Redox Code. Front Oncol 2017; 7:319. [PMID: 29312889 PMCID: PMC5742588 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A fine balance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and removal is of utmost importance for homeostasis of all cells and especially in highly proliferating cells that encounter increased ROS production due to enhanced metabolism. Consequently, increased production of these highly reactive molecules requires coupling with increased antioxidant defense production within cells. This coupling is observed in cancer cells that allocate significant energy reserves to maintain their intracellular redox balance. Glutathione (GSH), as a first line of defense, represents the most important, non-enzymatic antioxidant component together with the NADPH/NADP+ couple, which ensures the maintenance of the pool of reduced GSH. In this review, the central role of amino acids (AAs) in the maintenance of redox homeostasis in cancer, through GSH synthesis (cysteine, glutamate, and glycine), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) production (serine, and glutamine/glutamate) are illustrated. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of AA transporters known to be upregulated in cancers (such as system xc-light chain and alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2) in the maintenance of AA homeostasis, and thus indirectly, the redox homeostasis of cancer cells. The role of the ROS varies (often described as a "two-edged sword") during the processes of carcinogenesis, metastasis, and cancer treatment. Therefore, the context-dependent role of specific AAs in the initiation, progression, and dissemination of cancer, as well as in the redox-dependent sensitivity/resistance of the neoplastic cells to chemotherapy are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Vučetić
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco, Monaco
| | - Yann Cormerais
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco, Monaco
| | - Scott K Parks
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco, Monaco
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco, Monaco.,Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Centre A. Lacassagne, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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Theodossiou TA, Olsen CE, Jonsson M, Kubin A, Hothersall JS, Berg K. The diverse roles of glutathione-associated cell resistance against hypericin photodynamic therapy. Redox Biol 2017; 12:191-197. [PMID: 28254657 PMCID: PMC5333531 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse responses of different cancers to treatments such as photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT) have fueled a growing need for reliable predictive markers for treatment outcome. In the present work we have studied the differential response of two phenotypically and genotypically different breast adenocarcinoma cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, to hypericin PDT (HYP-PDT). MDA-MB-231 cells were 70% more sensitive to HYP PDT than MCF7 cells at LD50. MCF7 were found to express a substantially higher level of glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) than MDA-MB-231, while MDA-MB-231 differentially expressed glutathione-S-transferase (GSTP1), mainly used for xenobiotic detoxification. Eighty % reduction of intracellular glutathione (GSH) by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), largely enhanced the sensitivity of the GSTP1 expressing MDA-MB-231 cells to HYP-PDT, but not in MCF7 cells. Further inhibition of the GSH reduction however by carmustine (BCNU) resulted in an enhanced sensitivity of MCF7 to HYP-PDT. HYP loading studies suggested that HYP can be a substrate of GSTP for GSH conjugation as BSO enhanced the cellular HYP accumulation by 20% in MDA-MB-231 cells, but not in MCF7 cells. Studies in solutions showed that L-cysteine can bind the GSTP substrate CDNB in the absence of GSTP. This means that the GSTP-lacking MCF7 may use L-cysteine for xenobiotic detoxification, especially during GSH synthesis inhibition, which leads to L-cysteine build-up. This was confirmed by the lowered accumulation of HYP in both cell lines in the presence of BSO and the L-cysteine source NAC. NAC reduced the sensitivity of MCF7, but not MDA-MB-231, cells to HYP PDT which is in accordance with the antioxidant effects of L-cysteine and its potential as a GSTP substrate. As a conclusion we have herein shown that the different GSH based cell defense mechanisms can be utilized as predictive markers for the outcome of PDT and as a guide for selecting optimal combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodossis A Theodossiou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cathrine E Olsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte Jonsson
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Kubin
- PLANTA Naturstoffe Vertriebs GmbH, A-1120 Wien, Austria
| | - John S Hothersall
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
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Mardirosian M, Bieczynski F, Luquet C, Pérez CA, Bongiovanni G, Lascano C, Venturino A. Arsenic absorption and excretion in chronically exposed developing toad Rhinella arenarum. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 52:255-261. [PMID: 28460261 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the toxicodynamics of As in developing Rhinella arenarum toad embryos and larvae exposed from fertilization to 0.01-10mgAsL-1. We determined As content in toad embryos and larvae by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Toad embryos and larvae actively bioaccumulated As, reaching tissue concentrations more than one-thousand higher than control levels after 23d-exposure to 10mgAsL-1. The bioconcentration factors also increased up to fifty times higher levels in toad larvae respect to media levels. Once recovered in As-free media, the larvae rapidly excreted the bioaccumulated As with a half-life of 1.6d. By calcein transport competition assays, we infer that As is excreted through ABCC-like transporters, probably conjugated with GSH. These results are relevant for comprehending the risks posed by As exposure in this autochthonous aquatic species that develops in water courses from Argentina, that may contain As levels ranging between 10-15,000μgL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Mardirosian
- Center for Research in Environmental Toxicology and Agrobiotechnology of Comahue (CITAAC), Universidad Nacional del Comahue y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, CP 8300, Argentina
| | - Flavia Bieczynski
- Center for Research in Environmental Toxicology and Agrobiotechnology of Comahue (CITAAC), Universidad Nacional del Comahue y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, CP 8300, Argentina
| | - Carlos Luquet
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, INIBIOMA-Universidad Nacional del Comahue y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CEAN, Ruta 61 Km 3, Paraje San Cabao, 8371, Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Scientific Division, X-Ray Fluorescence and Absorption Group. Laboratorio Nacional de Luz Sincrotron, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Guillermina Bongiovanni
- PROBIEN, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, CP 8300, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Lascano
- Center for Research in Environmental Toxicology and Agrobiotechnology of Comahue (CITAAC), Universidad Nacional del Comahue y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, CP 8300, Argentina
| | - Andrés Venturino
- Center for Research in Environmental Toxicology and Agrobiotechnology of Comahue (CITAAC), Universidad Nacional del Comahue y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, CP 8300, Argentina.
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Spontaneous Production of Glutathione-Conjugated Forms of 1,2-Dichloropropane: Comparative Study on Metabolic Activation Processes of Dihaloalkanes Associated with Occupational Cholangiocarcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9736836. [PMID: 28555163 PMCID: PMC5438856 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9736836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, epidemiological studies revealed a positive relationship between an outbreak of occupational cholangiocarcinoma and exposure to organic solvents containing 1,2-dichloropropane (1,2-DCP). In 1,2-DCP-administered animal models, we previously found biliary excretion of potentially oncogenic metabolites consisting of glutathione- (GSH-) conjugated forms of 1,2-DCP (GS-DCPs); however, the GS-DCP production pathway remains unknown. To enhance the understanding of 1,2-DCP-related risks to human health, we examined the reactivity of GSH with 1,2-DCP in vitro and compared it to that with dichloromethane (DCM), the other putative substance responsible for occupational cholangiocarcinoma. Our results showed that 1,2-DCP was spontaneously conjugated with GSH, whereas this spontaneous reaction was hardly detected between DCM and GSH. Further analysis revealed that glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) exhibited less effect on the 1,2-DCP reaction as compared with that observed for DCM. Although GSTT1-mediated bioactivation of dihaloalkanes could be a plausible explanation for the production of reactive metabolites related to carcinogenesis based on previous studies, this catalytic pathway might not mainly contribute to 1,2-DCP-related occupational cholangiocarcinoma. Considering the higher catalytic activity of GSTT1 on DCM as compared with that on 1,2-DCP, our findings suggested differences in the activation processes associated with 1,2-DCP and DCM metabolism.
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Bugde P, Biswas R, Merien F, Lu J, Liu DX, Chen M, Zhou S, Li Y. The therapeutic potential of targeting ABC transporters to combat multi-drug resistance. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:511-530. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1310841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Bugde
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Riya Biswas
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabrice Merien
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Science, AUT Roche Diagnostic Laboratory, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dong-Xu Liu
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shufeng Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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50
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Chen F, Qin X, Xu G, Gou S, Jin X. Reversal of cisplatin resistance in human gastric cancer cells by a wogonin-conjugated Pt(IV) prodrug via attenuating Casein Kinase 2-mediated Nuclear Factor-κB pathways. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 135:50-68. [PMID: 28288821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pt(IV) prodrugs, with two additional coordination sites in contrast to Pt(II) drugs, have been actively studied nowadays, for they can perform well in enhancing the accumulation and retention of the corresponding Pt(II) drugs in cancer cells. Our designed Pt(II) drug, DN604, was recently found to exhibit significant anticancer activity and low toxicity, while, wogonin, a naturally O-methylated flavones, has been widely investigated for its tumor therapeutic potential. Thus, two Pt(IV)-based prodrugs were derived by addition of a wogonin unit to the axial position of DN604 and its analogue DN603 via a linker group. In vitro cytotoxicity assay indicated that the resulting compound 8 not only inherited the genotoxicity of DN604 on gastric cancer cells, but also obtained the COX inhibitory property arising from wogonin. Further studies revealed that compound 8 caused the accumulation of ROS production and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). The CK2α kinase activity assay, ChIP and luciferase assays showed that CK2 plays an important role in the blockade of compound 8 on activated NF-κB survival pathways, which were established for sensitivity of cancer cells to platinum drugs. Similarly in vivo, in nude mice with SGC-7901/cDDP xenografts, compound 8 improved the effectiveness of DN604 via reversing tumor resistance and maintaining low toxicity. Overall, compound 8 is a promising Pt(IV) prodrug, which could be used to promote the anticancer activity of its counterpart Pt(II) species and reverse drug resistance via attenuating CK2-mediated NF-κB pathways during platinum-based chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Xiufeng Jin
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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