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Rosok LM, Cannavale CN, Keye SA, Holscher HD, Renzi-Hammond L, Khan NA. Skin and macular carotenoids and relations to academic achievement among school-aged children. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38989695 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2370175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACTObjectives: Carotenoids are plant pigments that accumulate in human tissue (e.g. macula and skin) and can serve as biomarkers for diet quality; however, knowledge on skin and macular carotenoids in relation to cognition in children is limited. This study aimed to address this gap by assessing links between skin and macular carotenoids and academic achievement in school-aged children.Methods: Children 7-12 years old (n = 81) participated in a crosssectional study. Skin and macular carotenoids were measured with reflection spectroscopy and heterochromatic flicker photometry, respectively. Academic achievement was measured using Woodcock-Johnson IV (WJ-IV). Body Mass Index was calculated using height and weight measurements, demographic information was collected using a family demographics and pediatric health history questionnaire, and carotenoid intake was assessed using 7-day diet records.Results: Skin carotenoids were not related to macular pigment (r = 0.08, p = 0.22). Adjusting for age, sex, BMI percentile, household income, and total carotenoid consumption (mg/1000kcal), skin carotenoids were predictive of math (β = 0.27, p = 0.02), broad math (β = 0.36, p < 0.01) and math calculation (β = 0.38, p < 0.01). Skin carotenoids displayed trending relationships with broad reading (β = 0.23, p = 0.05) and reading fluency (β = 0.22, p = 0.07). There were no significant associations between macular pigment and academic achievement (all β's ≤ 0.07, all p's ≥ 0.56).Discussion: Skin carotenoids were positively associated with academic abilities in children, while macular carotenoids did not display this relationship. Future interventions examining prospective effects of changes in carotenoids in different tissues on childhood academic achievement are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Rosok
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Corinne N Cannavale
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shelby A Keye
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Naiman A Khan
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Kimura Y, Hata J, Shibata M, Honda T, Sakata S, Furuta Y, Oishi E, Kitazono T, Ninomiya T. Skin carotenoid scores and metabolic syndrome in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01575-7. [PMID: 38982187 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher vegetable intake is being promoted as an initiative to prevent lifestyle-related diseases. Carotenoids are yellow or red pigment components and are widely present in vegetables. Since ingested carotenoids accumulate in the skin, skin carotenoid levels are a quantitative indicator of vegetable intake. Recently, noninvasive optical sensors for assessing skin carotenoid levels were developed. We here examined the association between skin carotenoid scores measured using optical sensors and the presence of metabolic syndrome. METHODS A total of 1618 individuals (604 men and 1014 women) aged ≥ 40 years (mean age 63.1 years) participated in the study. Skin carotenoid scores were determined using a noninvasive optical sensor based on multiple spatially resolved reflectance spectroscopy. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the Joint Scientific Statement criteria developed by six international scientific societies. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used. RESULTS The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 31.3% (n = 506). A remarkably strong association was found between higher skin carotenoid scores and lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome after adjusting for confounders. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for the presence of metabolic syndrome in individuals with the highest quartile of skin carotenoid scores was 0.39 (95% confidence interval, 0.28-0.55) compared to those with the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher skin carotenoid scores measured by non-invasive optimal sensors are significantly associated with a lower likelihood of having metabolic syndrome in the general Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumi Kimura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Shudo University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mao Shibata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Furuta
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Emi Oishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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3
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Okada E, Kurotani K, Takimoto H. Skin Carotenoid Levels Are Associated with Demographic Factors, Body Size, and Fruit and Vegetable Intake in the Japanese Population. Nutrients 2024; 16:2133. [PMID: 38999880 PMCID: PMC11243080 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the association between demographic factors, body size, and fruit and vegetable intake in the general population, focusing on individuals with both low and high skin carotenoid levels. This cross-sectional study was conducted during the 14th National Convention on the Promotion of Food and Nutrition Education (2019) in Yamanashi, Japan (a rural area) and the Open House 2019 at the National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition in Tokyo, Japan (an urban area). Skin carotenoid measurements were conducted, and the participants were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire. The study population consisted of 492 Japanese individuals aged ≥16 years. The odds ratios (ORs) for low skin carotenoid levels were elevated in males, those who were overweight, and those who almost never consumed or consumed only one vegetable dish/day. Conversely, the ORs were lower in those living in Yamanashi, aged 30-39 and ≥70 years, and those who consumed fruit ≥1 time/week. For high skin carotenoid levels, the ORs were higher among those aged ≥70 years, living in Yamanashi, and those who consumed fruit ≥1 time/day or ≥5 vegetable dishes/day. Demographic factors, body size, and habitual fruit and vegetable intake may serve as indicators of skin carotenoid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Okada
- The Health Care Science Institute, 3-2-12 Akasaka, Minato-ku 107-0052, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Health Sciences, Showa Women’s University, 1-7-57 Taishido, Setagaya-ku 154-8533, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
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Takayanagi Y, Kadoh Y, Sasaki J, Obana A, Tanito M. Association between Skin Carotenoid Levels and Cognitive Impairment Screened by Mini-Cog in Patients with Glaucoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6940-6950. [PMID: 39057055 PMCID: PMC11275399 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids, having strong antioxidant properties, have been associated with neurodegenerative conditions like dementia and glaucoma, characterized by neuronal loss leading to cognitive and visual dysfunction. Therefore, carotenoids have attracted attention as factors predictive of the onset and progression of these neurodegenerative diseases. However, the impact of carotenoids on cognitive impairment and glaucomatous visual field defects remains unexplored. We conducted a retrospective, observational clinical study to investigate the association between skin carotenoid (SC) levels and cognitive impairment, as screened by the Mini-Cog test, in glaucoma patients. The study included 406 participants and 812 eyes were examined (average age: 69.7 ± 11.4 years; 228 men, 178 women) with various types of glaucoma: primary open angle (57.6%), exfoliation (18.6%), and other types (23.8%). SC levels were estimated via pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy. Mixed-effects regression models were utilized to examine the relationship between SC levels, visual field defects, and Mini-Cog results. Of the participants, 28 (6.9%) tested positive on the Mini-Cog, suggesting cognitive impairment. The average SC level in the Mini-Cog positive group was significantly lower than in the negative group (269.5 ± 86.4 A.U. vs. 329.2 ± 120.4 A.U., respectively; p = 0.01). Additionally, the visual field mean deviation (MD) in the Mini-Cog positive group was notably worse than that in the negative group (-19.64 ± 9.07 dB vs. -12.46 ± 9.28 dB, respectively; p < 0.0001). The mixed-effects regression analysis revealed a significant association between Mini-Cog positivity and lower SC levels (p = 0.0006), although SC levels did not significantly correlate with MD (p = 0.3). Our findings suggest that cognitive impairment in glaucoma patients is associated with lower SC levels, underscoring the potential benefits of maintaining carotenoid levels to slow cognitive function decline. The protective role of carotenoids in glaucoma merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Takayanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu 430-8558, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Yoichi Kadoh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Junichi Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Akira Obana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu 430-8558, Shizuoka, Japan;
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.K.)
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Norman AC, Palmer DG, Moran NE, Roemmich JN, Casperson SL. Association of Candidate Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotypes With Plasma and Skin Carotenoid Concentrations in Adults Provided a Lycopene-Rich Juice. J Nutr 2024; 154:1985-1993. [PMID: 38797482 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids are fat-soluble phytochemicals with biological roles, including ultraviolet protective functions in skin. Spectroscopic skin carotenoid measurements can also serve as a noninvasive biomarker for carotenoid consumption. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in metabolic genes are associated with human plasma carotenoid concentrations; however, their relationships with skin carotenoid concentrations are unknown. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between 13 candidate SNPs with skin and plasma carotenoid concentrations before and after a carotenoid-rich tomato juice intervention. METHODS In this randomized, controlled trial, participants (n = 80) were provided with lycopene-rich vegetable juice providing low (13.1 mg), medium (23.9 mg), and high (31.0 mg) daily total carotenoid doses for 8 wk. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography, and skin carotenoid score was assessed by reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter) at baseline and the end-of-study time point. Thirteen candidate SNPs in 5 genes (BCO1, CD36, SCARB1, SETD7, and ABCA1) were genotyped from blood using PCR-based assays. Mixed models tested the effects of the intervention, study time point, interaction between intervention and study time point, and SNP genotype on skin and plasma carotenoids throughout the study. Baseline carotenoid intake, body mass index, gender, and age are covariates in all models. RESULTS The genotype of CD36 rs1527479 (P = 0.0490) was significantly associated with skin carotenoid concentrations when baseline and the final week of the intervention were evaluated. Genotypes for BCO1 rs7500996 (P = 0.0067) and CD36 rs1527479 (P = 0.0018) were significant predictors of skin carotenoid concentrations in a combined SNP model. CONCLUSIONS These novel associations between SNPs and skin carotenoid concentrations expand on the understanding of how genetic variation affects interindividual variation in skin carotenoid phenotypes in humans. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03202043.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Norman
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Daniel G Palmer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Nancy E Moran
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James N Roemmich
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Shanon L Casperson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States.
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6
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Obana A, Nakamura M, Miura A, Nozue M, Muto S, Asaoka R. Association between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease score and skin carotenoid levels estimated via refraction spectroscopy in the Japanese population: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12173. [PMID: 38806551 PMCID: PMC11133310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids play a role in preventing and impeding the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) through their anti-oxidative effects. This study evaluated associations between ASCVD risk and skin carotenoid (SC) levels, reflecting dietary carotenoid intake. Participants' ASCVD risk was assessed using the Hisayama ASCVD risk prediction model, and SC levels were measured through a reflection spectroscope (Veggie Meter). The associations between high ASCVD risk and SC levels were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. A total of 1130 men and women (mean age: 56 years) from participants who underwent a health examination in Seirei Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Medicine in 2019 and 2022 were analyzed. Of these, 4.6% had moderate or high ASCVD risk. Mean SC values were 236, 315, 376, 447, and 606 in quintile Q1 to Q5, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of SC quintile for moderate- or high-risk ASCVD was 0.24 (0.12-0.51) in Q5 (495 ≤), 0.42 (0.23-0.77) in Q4, 0.50 (0.29-0.88) in Q3, and 0.68 (0.41-1.12) in Q2 compared to Q1 (< 281). High SC values continuously showed non-linear inverse association with moderate- or high-risk for ASCVD in Japanese adults. Non-invasive SC measurements may be a good indicator for recommending carotenoids to prevent cardiovascular disease.
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Grants
- 23K09691 the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- 23K12695 the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- 23K02694 the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- 19H01114, 18KK0253 the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- 20K09784 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Obana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 430-8558, Japan.
- Department of Medical Spectroscopy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Mieko Nakamura
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Ayako Miura
- Faculty of Health Promotion Sciences, Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Tokoha University, 1230 Miyakoda-cho, Hamana-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 431-2102, Japan
| | - Miho Nozue
- Faculty of Health Promotion Sciences, Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Tokoha University, 1230 Miyakoda-cho, Hamana-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 431-2102, Japan
| | - Shigeki Muto
- Seirei Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Medicine, Seirei Social Welfare Community, 2-35-8 Sumiyoshi, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 430-0906, Japan
| | - Ryo Asaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 430-8558, Japan
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7
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Augimeri G, Soto M, Ceraudo F, Caparello G, Villegas Figueroa M, Cesario M, Caputi LS, Calderón B, Bonofiglio D. Differences of skin carotenoids and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet pattern in adults from Southern Italy and Dominican Republic. J Transl Med 2024; 22:424. [PMID: 38704581 PMCID: PMC11070090 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of the skin carotenoids using the Veggie Meter® has emerged as a rapid objective method for assessing fruit and vegetable intake, highly recommended by the Mediterranean Diet (MD), which represents one of the healthiest dietary patterns, worldwide. This study aimed to examine differences in skin carotenoid content and degree of adherence to the MD pattern between two adult populations from Southern Italy and the Dominican Republic. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled a total of 995 adults, 601 subjects from Italy and 394 from the Dominican Republic. All participants underwent anthropometric measurements and skin carotenoid assessment by Veggie Meter®. Adherence to the MD and lifestyle were evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and the Mediterranean Lifestyle Index (MEDLIFE) questionnaires. Correlations between the skin carotenoid and MEDAS score were estimated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Multiple linear regression models were created to determine variables that affect skin carotenoid score for both populations. RESULTS Mean total skin carotenoids were higher in the Italian compared to the Dominican Republic population (342.4 ± 92.4 vs 282.9 ± 90.3; p < 0.005) regardless of sex (women: 318.5 ± 88.9 vs 277.3 ± 91.9, p < 0.005 and men: 371.7 ± 88.3 vs 289.5 ± 88.1, p < 0.005), and remaining statistically significant after age-adjustment of the Dominican Republic sample. Using the MEDAS questionnaire, we found a higher MD adherence score in the Italian than in the Dominican Republic population also after age-adjusting data (7.8 ± 2.1 vs 6.2 ± 3.7; p < 0.005) and even when categorized by sex (Italian vs age-adjusted Dominican Republic women: 7.9 ± 2.1 vs 6.3 ± 2.6; Italian vs age-adjusted Dominican Republic men: 7.7 ± 2.2 vs 6.0 ± 4.7; p < 0.005). Using the MEDLIFE test, total Italians presented a lower score with respect to the age-adjusted Dominican Republic population (3.2 ± 1.2 vs 3.4 ± 1.4; p < 0.05). In multiple regression analysis, skin carotenoids were associated with sex and negatively associated with BMI in the Italian population (sex: β: 54.95; 95% CI: 40.11, 69.78; p < 0.0001; BMI: β: - 1.60; 95% CI: - 2.98,0.86; p = 0.03), while they resulted associated with age and sex in the Dominican Republic population (age: β: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.92, 3.56; p < 0.001; sex: β: 23.29; 95% CI: 5.93, 40.64; p = 0.009). Interestingly, skin carotenoids were positively correlated with MEDAS score in both populations (Italy: r = 0.03, p < 0.0001, Dominican Republic: r = 0.16, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS This study provides the assessment of the adherence to the MD and skin carotenoid content in adults living in Southern Italy and the Dominican Republic, showing a higher MD adherence score and a skin carotenoid content in inhabitants from the Mediterranean region. Our findings highlight the need to globally encourage fruit and vegetable intake, particularly in non-Mediterranean area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Augimeri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Manuel Soto
- Research Unit, Centro Médico de Diabetes, Obesidad y Especialidades (CEMDOE), Clara María Pardo Street, Santo Domingo, 10135, Distrito Nacional, Dominican Republic
| | - Fabrizio Ceraudo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Giovanna Caparello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Melisa Villegas Figueroa
- Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC), Los Proceres Avenue, Santo Domingo, 10602, Distrito Nacional, Dominican Republic
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Mirko Cesario
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Lorenzo S Caputi
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
- Surface Nanoscience Group, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Berniza Calderón
- Research Unit, Centro Médico de Diabetes, Obesidad y Especialidades (CEMDOE), Clara María Pardo Street, Santo Domingo, 10135, Distrito Nacional, Dominican Republic
- Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC), Los Proceres Avenue, Santo Domingo, 10602, Distrito Nacional, Dominican Republic
- Sociedad Dominicana de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SODENN), 157 Independencia Avenue, GS Professional Building, Santo Domingo, 10206, Distrito Nacional, Dominican Republic
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
- UNICARIBE Research Center, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy.
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata Di Rende (CS), 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
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8
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Short E, Selig JP, Felix HC, Painter J, McElfish PA, Rowland B, Ammerman AS, Bounds K, Henske J, Hudson JS, Li J, Young SG, Long CR. Healthy food delivery for type 2 diabetes management in rural clinics' patients: A comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial protocol. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 140:107491. [PMID: 38458560 PMCID: PMC11065573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural populations experience a higher prevalence of both food insecurity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than metropolitan populations and face many challenges in accessing resources essential to optimal T2DM self-management. This study aims to address these challenges by delivering a T2DM-appropriate food box and recipes directly to rural participants' homes. METHODS This is a comparative effectiveness randomized controlled trial including 400 English- or Spanish-speaking rural adult participants with T2DM (HbA1c ≥6.5%) experiencing food insecurity. Participants are randomly assigned to a 3-month Healthy Food Delivery Intervention (HFDI) plus one 60-min virtual consultation with a diabetes educator or consultation only. The HFDI includes a weekly food box delivery with recipes. Data are collected at pre-intervention, 3-months (post-intervention), 9-months, and 15-months. The primary outcome is change in HbA1c, with secondary measures including diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015, calculated from one 24-h dietary recall at each data collection time point), cardio-metabolic risk factors (i.e., blood pressure, lipids, body mass index, glucose), and patient-centered outcomes (e.g., T2DM self-efficacy, T2DM-related distress). Process evaluation data (e.g., successful food box deliveries, diabetes educator consultation attendance, intervention satisfaction) are collected during and post-intervention (3-months). A cost-effectiveness analysis based on traditional cost per quality-adjusted life year gain thresholds will be conducted to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness between HFDI plus consultation and consultation alone. CONCLUSION Findings from this study will provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of an intervention that promotes participant adherence and improves access to healthy food. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04876053.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Short
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 14301 FNB Parkway, Suite 100, Omaha, NE 68154, USA
| | - James P Selig
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48(th) St., Springdale, AR 72762, USA
| | - Holly C Felix
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jacob Painter
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Pearl A McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48(th) St., Springdale, AR 72762, USA.
| | - Brett Rowland
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48(th) St., Springdale, AR 72762, USA
| | - Alice S Ammerman
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1700 MLK, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kelsey Bounds
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48(th) St., Springdale, AR 72762, USA
| | - Joseph Henske
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jonell S Hudson
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
| | - Ji Li
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48(th) St., Springdale, AR 72762, USA
| | - Sean G Young
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christopher R Long
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, 14301 FNB Parkway, Suite 100, Omaha, NE 68154, USA
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9
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Ahn S, Hwang JE, Kim YJ, Eom K, Jung MH, Moon H, Ham D, Park JM, Oh SU, Park JY, Joung H. Examination of the utility of skin carotenoid status in estimating dietary intakes of carotenoids and fruits and vegetables: A randomized, parallel-group, controlled feeding trial. Nutrition 2024; 119:112304. [PMID: 38154397 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Optical spectroscopy-measured skin carotenoid status (SCS) has been validated for estimating fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake; however, there is limited research addressing SCS kinetics in whole-diet interventions. The aim of this controlled feeding trial was to explore SCS's response to carotenoid intake changes via whole-diet intervention, evaluating its biomarker potential. METHODS Eighty participants ages 20 to 49 y, without underlying diseases, were randomly allocated to the high-carotenoid group (HG; n = 40) or control group (CG; n = 40). The HG consumed a high-carotenoid diet (21 mg total carotenoids/2000 kcal), whereas the CG consumed a control diet (13.6 mg total carotenoids/2000 kcal) for 6 wk. Subsequently, skin and blood carotenoid concentrations were tracked without intervention for 4 wk. SCS was measured weekly via resonance Raman spectroscopy, and serum carotenoid concentrations were analyzed biweekly using high-performance liquid chromatography. Baseline carotenoid and F&V intakes were assessed via a 3-d diet record. The kinetics of SCS and serum carotenoid concentrations were analyzed using a weighted generalized estimating equation. Pearson's correlation analyses were used to examine baseline correlations between SCS and dietary carotenoid and F&V intakes, as well as serum carotenoid concentrations. RESULTS During the intervention, the HG showed a faster and greater SCS increase than the CG (difference in slope per week = 8.87 AU, Pinteraction <0.001). Baseline SCS had positive correlations with total carotenoid intake (r = 0.45), total F&V intake (r = 0.49), and total serum carotenoid concentration (r = 0.79; P < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSION These results suggest that SCS is a valid biomarker for monitoring changes in carotenoid intake through whole diet, which supports using SCS for assessing carotenoid-rich F&V intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoeun Ahn
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Hwang
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Kim
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunsun Eom
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Jung
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunSeok Moon
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Ham
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Park
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Uk Oh
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Hasnin S, Dev DA, Pitts SJ. Evidence for Criterion-Related Validity of Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy for Approximating Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Preschool Children. J Nutr 2024; 154:261-270. [PMID: 38008362 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin carotenoids are a valid biomarker for approximating fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC). Veggie Meter® (VM®, Longevity Link Corp.) is a pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (RS)-based device that allows for noninvasive and rapid assessment of skin-carotenoid score (SCS) in adults and children. Although VM® is established as a valid tool to measure FVC in adults, there is limited research supporting the validity evidence of the VM® to approximate FVC among preschool children. OBJECTIVE The current study aims to assess evidence supporting the criterion-related validity of RS-based SCS for approximating FVC among preschool children (3-5-y old). METHODS We collected cross-sectional data from typically developing preschool children (n = 136) attending the Child and Adult Care Food Program-participating family child care home settings (FCCHs) (n = 46) in Nebraska. Research team members collected children's height and weight to calculate body mass index; and measured children's SCS using the VM®. Children's FVC in FCCHs were collected using dietary observation. In addition, parents (n = 89) completed a shortened food frequency questionnaire to report children's FVC at home. Kendall's Tau (τ) correlation tests were conducted to measure the association between children's SCS with FVC in FCCHs and with parent-reported total fruit and vegetable (FV) frequency scores. RESULTS Children's SCS were significantly correlated with their mean FVC in FCCHs, τ = 0.14 (P = 0.02), total provitamin A carotenoids intake in FCCHs, τ = 0.19 (P < 0.001), and with parent-reported total FV frequency score, τ = 0.16 (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION The correlation coefficients in this study are comparable with results from a meta-analysis examining associations between FVC and SCS in 7-10-y-old children (r = 0.20). Thus, evidence suggests that RS offers a potentially valid, objective, and feasible method to assess preschool children's total FVC in multiple settings, especially in conjunction with other dietary assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Hasnin
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Dipti A Dev
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.
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11
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Ahn S, Ahn S, Jang H, Eom K, Kim YJ, Hwang JE, Chung JI, Park JY, Nam S, Choi YH, Joung H. Validation of resonance Raman spectroscopy-measured skin carotenoid status as a biomarker for fruit and vegetable intake in Korean adults. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1993-2001. [PMID: 37184085 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Blood carotenoid concentration measurement is considered the gold standard for fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake estimation; however, this method is invasive and expensive. Recently, skin carotenoid status (SCS) measured by optical sensors has been evaluated as a promising parameter for F&V intake estimation. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to validate the utility of resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS)-assessed SCS as a biomarker of F&V intake in Korean adults. We used data from 108 participants aged 20-69 years who completed SCS measurements, blood collection and 3-d dietary recordings. Serum carotenoid concentrations were quantified using HPLC, and dietary carotenoid and F&V intakes were estimated via 3-d dietary records using a carotenoid database for common Korean foods. The correlations of the SCS with serum carotenoid concentrations, dietary carotenoid intake and F&V intake were examined to assess SCS validity. SCS was positively correlated with total serum carotenoid concentration (r = 0·52, 95 % CI = 0·36, 0·64, P < 0·001), serum β-carotene concentration (r = 0·60, 95 % CI = 0·47, 0·71, P < 0·001), total carotenoid intake (r = 0·20, 95 % CI = 0·01, 0·37, P = 0·04), β-carotene intake (r = 0·30, 95 % CI = 0·11, 0·46, P = 0·002) and F&V intake (r = 0·40, 95 % CI = 0·23, 0·55, P < 0·001). These results suggest that SCS can be a valid biomarker of F&V intake in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoeun Ahn
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmo Ahn
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Jang
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunsun Eom
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Kim
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Hwang
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji In Chung
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Nam
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Ho Choi
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
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12
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Sarma R, Willis N, Holthaus TA, Cannavale CN, Gibbs HD, Khan N. Memory Abilities Are Selectively Related to Food Label and Numeracy Nutrition Skills. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:861-868. [PMID: 37921796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the relationship between nutrition literacy, diet quality, carotenoid status, and cognition. METHODS Adults aged 37.5 ± 17.0 years (n = 52) completed the 42-item Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument (NLit). The Dietary History Questionnaire III was analyzed to determine the Healthy Eating Index. Skin carotenoids were assessed as a diet quality biomarker. Selective attention, relational memory, and pattern separation abilities were assessed using the flanker, spatial reconstruction, and mnemonic similarity tasks, respectively. Statistical adjustments included age, sex, education, and body mass index. RESULTS No correlations were observed for NLit scores and NLit subscales with Healthy Eating Index and skin carotenoid status. However, the NLit's food label and numeracy subscale was related to greater pattern separation abilities (ρ = 0.33, r2 = 0.11, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Comprehension of food labels and numeracy information was associated with memory abilities. Future work is needed to test whether targeting working memory and attentional processes during memory retrieval in larger samples may facilitate the acquisition of nutrition knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Sarma
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Nathaniel Willis
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Tori A Holthaus
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | | | - Heather D Gibbs
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Naiman Khan
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
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Morera OF, Dane'el MI, Smith BA, Redelfs AH, Ruiz SL, Preacher KJ, Whigham LD. Discretizing continuous variables in nutrition and obesity research: a practice that needs to be cut short. Nutr Diabetes 2023; 13:20. [PMID: 37938224 PMCID: PMC10632499 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-023-00248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Nutrition and obesity researchers often dichotomize or discretize continuous independent variables to conduct an analysis of variance to examine group differences. We describe consequences associated with dichotomizing and discretizing continuous variables using two cross-sectional studies related to nutrition. SUBJECTS/METHODS Study 1 investigated the effects of health literacy and nutrition knowledge on nutrition label accuracy (n = 612). Study 2 investigated the effects of cognitive restraint and BMI on fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake (n = 586). We compare analytic approaches where continuous independent variables were either discretized/dichotomized or analyzed as continuous variables. RESULTS In Study 1, dichotomization of health literacy and nutrition knowledge for 2 × 2 ANOVA revealed health literacy had an effect on nutrition label accuracy. Nutrition knowledge has an effect on nutrition label accuracy, but the health literacy by nutrition knowledge interaction was not significant. When analyzed using regression, the nutrition knowledge effect was significant. The simple effect of health literacy was also significant when health literacy equals zero. Finally, the quadratic effect of health literacy was negative and significant. In Study 2, dichotomization and discretization of cognitive restraint and BMI were used for three ANOVAs, which discretized BMI in three ways. For all ANOVAs, the BMI main effect for predicting fruit and vegetable intake was significant, the interaction between BMI and cognitive restraint was non-significant, and cognitive restraint was only significant when both variables were dichotomized. When analyzed using regression, the continuous mean-centered variables, and their interaction each significantly predicted F/V intake. CONCLUSIONS Dichotomizing continuous independent variables resulted in distortions of effect sizes across studies, an inability to assess the quadratic effect of health literacy, and an inability to detect the moderating effect of BMI. We discourage researchers from dichotomizing and discretizing continuous independent variables and instead use multiple regression to examine relationships between continuous independent and dependent variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo F Morera
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| | - Mosi I Dane'el
- State of New Mexico, New Mexico Children, Youth and Families Department, 4775 Indian School Rd, Albuquerque, NM, 87110, USA
| | - Brandt A Smith
- Department of Psychology, Columbus State University, Arnold Hall 272, 4225 University Avenue, Columbus, GA, 31907, USA
| | - Alisha H Redelfs
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, 2136 LSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Sarah L Ruiz
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Program, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Kristopher J Preacher
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Peabody #552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Leah D Whigham
- Center for Community Health Impact, Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, 5130 Gateway East Blvd., MCA 114, El Paso, TX, 79905, USA
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14
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Jilcott Pitts SB, Wu Q, Moran NE, Laska MN, Harnack L. Examining Potential Modifiers of Human Skin and Plasma Carotenoid Responses in a Randomized Trial of a Carotenoid-Containing Juice Intervention. J Nutr 2023; 153:3287-3294. [PMID: 37742797 PMCID: PMC10687613 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin carotenoid measurements are emerging as a valid and reliable indicator of fruit and vegetable intake and carotenoid intake. However, little is known about the extent to which skin carotenoid responsivity to dietary changes differs based on demographic and physiologic characteristics. OBJECTIVES This study examined potential effect modifiers of skin carotenoid and plasma carotenoid responses to a carotenoid-rich juice intervention. METHODS We leveraged data from 2 arms of a 3-site randomized controlled trial of a carotenoid-containing juice intervention (moderate dose = 6 ounces juice, 4 mg total carotenoids/d, high dose = 12 ounces juice, 8 mg total carotenoids/d) (n = 106) to examine effect modification by age, self-categorized race/ethnicity, biological sex, baseline body fat, body mass index, skin melanin, skin hemoglobin, skin hemoglobin saturation, skin coloration, sun exposure, and baseline intake of carotenoids from foods. Skin carotenoid concentrations were assessed using pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter), and plasma carotenoid concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS In bivariate analyses, among the high-dose group (8 mg/d), those of older age had lower skin carotenoid responsiveness than their younger counterparts, and those with greater hemoglobin saturation and lighter skin had higher skin carotenoid score responsiveness. In the moderate-dose group (4 mg/d), participants from one site had greater plasma carotenoid responsiveness than those from other sites. In multivariate analyses, participants with higher baseline skin carotenoids had smaller skin carotenoid responses to both moderate and high doses. CONCLUSIONS Changes in skin carotenoid scores in response to interventions to increase fruit and vegetable intake should be interpreted in the context of baseline skin carotenoid scores, but other variables (e.g., self-categorized race/ethnicity, biological sex, baseline body fat, body mass index, skin melanin, and sun exposure) do not significantly modify the effect of carotenoid intake on changes in skin carotenoid scores. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04056624.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Nancy E Moran
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Healthy Weight Research Center, Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lisa Harnack
- Nutrition Coordinating Center, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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15
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Dixon J, Stage VC, Truesdale KP, Wu Q, Kolasa K, Haynes-Maslow L, McGuirt JT, Jilcott Pitts S. Associations between food and beverage purchases and skin carotenoids among diverse small food retail store customers. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2211-2217. [PMID: 37548230 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if customer purchases at small food stores are associated with healthfulness of the diet as approximated by skin carotenoids. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional survey of customers in small food stores regarding demographics and food purchases. Food and beverage purchases were classified as 'healthy' or 'non-healthy' and 'carotenoid' v. 'non-carotenoid' using a systematic classification scheme. Fruit and vegetable intake was objectively assessed using a non-invasive device to measure skin carotenoids. Associations between variables of interest were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficients, t tests and multiple linear regression analyses. SETTING Twenty-two small food retail stores in rural (n 7 stores) and urban (n 15) areas of North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS Customers of small food stores. RESULTS Of study participants (n 1086), 55·1 % were male, 60·0 % were African American/Black and 4·2 % were Hispanic, with a mean age of 43·5 years. Overall, 36 % purchased at least one healthy item, and 7·6 % of participants purchased a carotenoid-containing food/beverage. Healthy foods and beverages purchased included produce, lean meats, 100 % juices, plain popcorn, plain nuts, milk and yogurt. Unhealthy items included non-100 % juices, crackers, chips, candy, cakes and donuts. Purchase of a healthy or carotenoid-containing item was positively associated with skin carotenoid scores (P = 0·002 and 0·006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A relatively small proportion of customers purchased any healthy or carotenoid-containing foods and beverages, and those who did purchase healthy options had higher skin carotenoid scores. Future research should confirm these findings in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Dixon
- Departments of Nutrition Science and Public Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, USA
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Public Health, ECU, Greenville27834, USA
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Hernandez Sanchez MG, Bellini S, Christensen WF, Jefferies LK, LeCheminant JD, Patten EV, Redelfs AH, Stokes N, Wang J, Rennick M, Anderson K, Hunt J, Ahlborn GJ. The Effects of Potato Presentation on Vegetable Intake in School-Aged Children: A Cross-Over Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4496. [PMID: 37960149 PMCID: PMC10650674 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetables are an essential component of a healthy dietary pattern in children; however, their consumption is often insufficient due to lack of preference. To address this, the influence of combining vegetables (mixed peas and carrots-MPACs) with potatoes, a generally liked food, on overall vegetable consumption among children aged 7-13 years was explored. The research involved a cross-over study design with 65 participants who completed five lunchtime meal conditions, each with different combinations of MPACs and potatoes versus a control (MPACs with a wheat roll). The meals were provided in a cafeteria setting, and plate waste was used to measure vegetable consumption. Anthropometric data and other variables were also measured. Notably, self-reported hunger did not significantly differ between conditions. Meal condition was a significant predictor of MPACs (F = 5.20; p = 0.0005), with MPAC consumption highest when combined with shaped potato faces in the same bowl (+8.77 g compared to serving MPACs and shaped potato faces in separate bowls) and lowest when combined with diced potatoes in the same bowl (-2.85 g compared to serving MPACs and diced potatoes in separate bowls). The overall model for MPAC consumption was influenced by age, height z-score, body fat percentage z-score, and condition (likelihood ratio = 49.1; p < 0.0001). Age had the strongest correlation with vegetable consumption (r = 0.38), followed by male gender, height z-score (r = 0.30), and body fat z-score (r = -0.15). The results highlight the positive impact of combining potatoes with vegetables in school meals, particularly when using shaped potato faces. These findings emphasize the potential of potatoes as a valuable vegetable option in promoting healthier eating habits among children. Additionally, future research could explore the impact of different potato combinations and investigate other factors influencing meal consumption in school settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra G. Hernandez Sanchez
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Sarah Bellini
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | | | - Laura K. Jefferies
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - James D. LeCheminant
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Emily V. Patten
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Alisha H. Redelfs
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Nathan Stokes
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Jacklyn Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Micaela Rennick
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Kelsey Anderson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Joli Hunt
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Gene J. Ahlborn
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (M.G.H.S.); (S.B.); (L.K.J.); (J.D.L.); (E.V.P.); (N.S.); (J.W.); (M.R.); (K.A.); (J.H.)
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Hill CM, Paschall MJ, Koller KR, Day GM, Lee FR, O’Brien DM, King DK, Palmer L, Thomas TK, Bersamin A. Obesity Prevalence and Dietary Factors Among Preschool-Aged Head Start Children in Remote Alaska Native Communities: Baseline Data from the " Got Neqpiaq?" Study. Child Obes 2023; 19:498-506. [PMID: 36473164 PMCID: PMC10541932 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: American Indian and Alaska Native preschool-aged children experience a high prevalence of obesity, yet are under-represented in obesity prevention research. This study examined obesity prevalence and dietary risk factors among Alaska Native preschool-aged children in southwest Alaska. Methods: The study used baseline data from "Got Neqpiaq?" a culturally centered multilevel intervention focused on Yup'ik Alaska Native children, aged 3-5 years, enrolled in Head Start in 12 communities in southwest Alaska (n = 155). The primary outcomes were BMI percentile, overweight, and obesity. Dietary factors of interest were measured using biomarkers: traditional food intake (nitrogen stable isotope ratio biomarker), ultraprocessed food intake (carbon stable isotope ratio biomarker), and vegetable and fruit intake (skin carotenoid status biomarker measured by the Veggie Meter). Cardiometabolic markers (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] and blood cholesterol) were also measured. Results: Among the Yup'ik preschool-aged children in the study, the median BMI percentile was 91, and the prevalence of overweight or obesity was 70%. The traditional food intake biomarker was negatively associated with BMI, whereas the ultraprocessed foods and vegetable and fruit biomarkers were not associated with BMI. HbA1c and blood cholesterol were within healthy levels. Conclusions: The burden of overweight and obesity is high among Yup'ik preschool-aged children. Traditional food intake is inversely associated with BMI, which underscores the need for culturally grounded interventions that emphasize traditional values and knowledge to support the traditional food systems in Alaska Native communities in southwest Alaska. Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03601299.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Hill
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mallie J. Paschall
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn R. Koller
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Gretchen M. Day
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Flora R. Lee
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Diane M. O’Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Diane K. King
- Center for Behavioral Health Research and Services, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Lea Palmer
- Head Start Program, Rural Alaska Community Action Program, Inc., Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Timothy K. Thomas
- Research Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Andrea Bersamin
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
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18
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Cannavale CN, Keye SA, Rosok LM, Martell SG, Holthaus TA, Raine LR, Mullen SP, Holscher HD, Hillman CH, Kramer AF, Cohen NJ, Hammond BR, Renzi-Hammond L, Khan NA. Macular Pigment Optical Density and Skin Carotenoids in a Childhood Sample. J Nutr 2023; 153:3144-3151. [PMID: 37315793 PMCID: PMC10613722 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids are plant pigments with light filtering and antioxidant properties that deposit in human tissues, including retina and skin. Descriptive characteristics and covariates of carotenoid status in macula and skin have been examined in adults; however, similar studies in children are limited. Thus, this study aimed to delineate how factors of age, sex, race, weight status, and dietary carotenoid intake relate to macular and skin carotenoids in children. METHODS Children (7-13 y, N = 375) completed heterochromatic flicker photometry to assess macular pigment optical density (MPOD). Participants underwent anthropometrics to measure weight status (BMI percentile [BMI%]), and parent/guardian provided demographic information. Subsample data were available for skin carotenoids (N = 181), assessed using reflection spectroscopy, and dietary carotenoids (N = 101) using the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire. Relationships between skin and macular carotenoids were assessed using partial Pearson's correlations controlling for age, sex, race, and BMI%. Relationships between dietary carotenoids and macular and skin carotenoids were assessed using stepwise linear regression including age, sex, race, and BMI% in the model. RESULTS Mean MPOD was 0.56 ± 0.22 and skin carotenoid score was 282 ± 94.6. There was no significant correlation between MPOD and skin carotenoids (r = 0.02, P = 0.76). BMI% was negatively associated with skin (stdβ = -0.42, P < 0.001), but not macular carotenoids (stdβ = -0.04, P = 0.70). Neither MPOD nor skin carotenoids were associated with age, sex, or race (all P > 0.10). MPOD was positively associated with energy-adjusted reported lutein + zeaxanthin intake (stdβ = 0.27, P = 0.01). Skin carotenoids were positively associated with energy-adjusted reported carotenoid intake (stdβ = 0.26, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The mean MPOD values in children were higher than what has been reported in adult populations. Previous studies in adult samples report an average MPOD of 0.21. Although macular and skin carotenoids were not related, they were associated with dietary carotenoids relevant to the respective tissues; however, skin carotenoids may be more susceptible negative influence from higher weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne N Cannavale
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Shelby A Keye
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Laura M Rosok
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Shelby G Martell
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Tori A Holthaus
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Lauren R Raine
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA; Department of Physical Activity, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA; Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Sean P Mullen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Beckman Institute for the Advancement of Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Informatics Programs, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Center for Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA; Department of Physical Activity, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA; Beckman Institute for the Advancement of Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Interdisciplinary Health Science Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | | | | | - Naiman A Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Beckman Institute for the Advancement of Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
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19
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Hwang JE, Park JY, Jung MH, Eom K, Moon HS, Joung H, Kim YJ. Evaluation of a Commercial Device Based on Reflection Spectroscopy as an Alternative to Resonance Raman Spectroscopy in Measuring Skin Carotenoid Levels: Randomized Controlled Trial. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7654. [PMID: 37688110 PMCID: PMC10490775 DOI: 10.3390/s23177654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) has been used as a reference method for measuring skin carotenoid levels (SCL), which indicate vegetable and fruit intake. However, RRS is not an easy-to-use method in SCL measurement due to its complicated implementation. In this study, a commercial spectrophotometer based on reflection spectroscopy (RS), which is relatively simple and inexpensive, was evaluated to confirm usability compared with RRS in measuring SCL. To investigate the agreement between RS and RRS, eighty participants were randomly assigned to a high-carotenoid diet group (21 mg/day of total carotenoids) or a control-carotenoid diet group (14 mg/day of total carotenoids) during a 6-week whole-diet intervention period and a 4-week tracking period. Strong correlations between the RS and RRS methods were observed at baseline (r = 0.944) and the entire period (r = 0.930). The rate of SCL increase was similar during the diet intervention; however, the initiation of the SCL decrease in RS was slower than in RRS during the tracking period. To confirm the agreement of RS and RRS from various perspectives, new visualization tools and indices were additionally applied and confirmed the similar response patterns of the two methods. The results indicate that the proposed RS method could be an alternative to RRS in SCL measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Hwang
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Health H/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.P.); (M.H.J.); (K.E.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Myoung Hoon Jung
- Health H/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.P.); (M.H.J.); (K.E.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Kunsun Eom
- Health H/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.P.); (M.H.J.); (K.E.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Hyun Seok Moon
- Health H/W R&D Group, Device eXperience (DX), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea; (J.-Y.P.); (M.H.J.); (K.E.); (H.S.M.)
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoon Jae Kim
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea;
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20
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Addo EK, Allman SJ, Arunkumar R, Gorka JE, Harrison DY, Varner MW, Bernstein PS. Systemic Effects of Prenatal Carotenoid Supplementation in the Mother and her Child: The Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) Randomized Trial -Report Number 1. J Nutr 2023; 153:2205-2215. [PMID: 37247819 PMCID: PMC10447612 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adding carotenoids, particularly lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z), to prenatal micronutrient formulations has been promoted to enhance infant visual and neural development and to maintain maternal health. Although these claims are biologically plausible, they are not yet supported by a compelling prospective trial. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of prenatal carotenoid supplementation on biomarkers of maternal and infant systemic carotenoid status. METHODS We randomly assigned 47 first trimester pregnant subjects by 1:1 allocation to receive standard-of-care prenatal vitamins plus a 10 mg L and 2 mg Z softgel (the Carotenoid group) or standard-of-care prenatal vitamins with a placebo softgel (the Control group) for 6-8 mo. Maternal carotenoid concentrations in the serum and skin at the end of each trimester and postpartum were measured with HPLC and resonance Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Infants' systemic carotenoid status was assessed using similar techniques but optimized for infants. Repeated measures and paired t-tests were determined, and a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS After supplementation, there was a statistically significant increase in maternal serum L + Z concentrations, serum total carotenoid concentrations, and skin carotenoid status (P < 0.001 for all) in the Carotenoid group relative to the Control group at all study time points. Similarly, infants whose mothers were in the Carotenoid group had a significant 5-fold increase in cord blood L + Z concentrations, over a 3-fold increase in cord blood total carotenoids, and a 38% increase in skin carotenoids compared with the Control group (P < 0.0001 for all). In addition, there was a strong positive, statistically significant correlation between postpartum maternal and infant systemic carotenoid status (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Prenatal carotenoid supplementation significantly increased maternal and infant systemic (skin and serum) carotenoid status, which may benefit pregnant women and their infants' health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03750968.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K Addo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Susan J Allman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ranganathan Arunkumar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joanna E Gorka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Deborah Y Harrison
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael W Varner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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21
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Martell SG, Kim J, Cannavale CN, Mehta TD, Erdman JW, Adamson B, Motl RW, Khan NA. Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Blind Study of Lutein Supplementation on Carotenoid Status and Cognition in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis. J Nutr 2023; 153:2298-2311. [PMID: 37364683 PMCID: PMC10447884 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is traditionally managed using disease-modifying pharmaceutical therapies as a first line approach for treatment, yet there is increasing interest in lifestyle factors, particularly diet, for managing disease outcomes. Lutein has neuroprotective properties in healthy adults, but no previous research has examined the effects of lutein supplementation in persons with MS. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of 4-mo lutein supplementation on carotenoid status and cognition in persons with relapse-remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS A randomized controlled, single-blind research design was used among adults with RRMS (N = 21). Participants were randomized into placebo (n = 9) or treatment (20-mg/d lutein, n = 12) groups with outcomes measured before and after 4 mo. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was assessed using heterochromatic flicker photometry. Skin carotenoids were assessed using reflection spectroscopy. Serum lutein was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Cognition was assessed via the Eriksen flanker with event-related potentials, spatial reconstruction, and the symbol digit modalities tests. RESULTS There was a significant group by time interaction for MPOD (F = 6.74, P = 0.02), skin carotenoids (F = 17.30, P < 0.01), and serum lutein (F = 24.10, P < 0.01), whereby the treatment group improved in all carotenoid outcomes. There were no significant group by time interactions for cognitive and neuroelectric outcomes. However, increase in MPOD was positively associated with accuracy during the flanker incongruent trials (r = 0.55, P = 0.03) and the spatial memory task (r = 0.58, P = 0.02) among treatment participants. CONCLUSIONS Lutein supplementation increases carotenoid status among persons with RRMS. There is no significant effect on cognitive function but change in macular carotenoids is selectively associated with improved attention and memory. This study provides preliminary support for a fully powered study targeting retinal and neural carotenoids for cognitive benefits in persons with MS. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04843813.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby G Martell
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Jeongwoon Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Corinne N Cannavale
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Twinkle D Mehta
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Brynn Adamson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO
| | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
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22
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Klowak M, Boggild AK. The efficacy of a whole foods, plant-based dietary lifestyle intervention for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain in leprosy: a randomized control trial protocol. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1196470. [PMID: 37469546 PMCID: PMC10352581 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1196470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite effective treatment of leprosy via WHO-approved multi-drug therapy (MDT), patients still suffer from debilitating neuropathic sequelae, including peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP), and continue to develop intercurrent etiologies (such as diabetes), and progressive existing neuropathy over time. Strategies seeking to improve physiological and metabolic wellness, including those that reduce systemic inflammation and enhance immune responsiveness to neurotoxic factors may influence underlying neuropathic etiologies. A whole food plant-based diet (WFPBD) has been shown to be effective in the management of neuropathic pain due to diabetes, limiting severity and relevant symptomology. Diabetes remains a significant sequela of leprosy, as up to 50% of patients in reaction requiring corticosteroids, may develop a biochemical diabetes. As nutritional interventions may modulate both leprosy and diabetes, a specific exploration of these relationships remains relevant. Objectives (1) To demonstrate the effect of a WFPBD lifestyle intervention, on neuropathic pain variables in leprosy; and (2) To contextualize the significance of diet in the treatment of chronic sequelae in leprosy by evaluating tolerability and side effect profile. Methods A prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind, multicentre interventional trial is described. Weekly one-hour dietary counseling sessions promoting a WFPBD emphasizing vegetables, fruits, whole-grains, nuts, and legumes, omitting animal products, and limiting fat intake over a six-month duration will be implemented. Participants will be 70 age and sex-matched individuals experiencing active or treated "cured" leprosy and PNP, randomized to either intervention or control groups. Primary outcome measures include efficacy via visual analog scale, subjective questionnaire and objective quantitative sensory testing, as well as safety, tolerability, and harms of a WFPBD on PNP in leprosy. This study will be initiated after Research Ethics Board (REB) approval at all participating sites, and in advance of study initiation, the trial will be registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Expected impact It is hypothesized that WFPBDs will mitigate progression and severity of PNP and potentially reduce the adverse events related to standard corticosteroid treatment of leprosy reactions, thereby reducing disease severity. By examining the effects of WFPBDs on PNP in leprosy, we hope to illuminate data that will lead to the enhanced therapeutic management of this neglected tropical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klowak
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea K. Boggild
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Tropical Disease Unit, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Addo EK, Hartnett ME, Bernstein PS. The value of pre-symptomatic genetic risk assessment for age-related macular degeneration: the Moran AMD Genetic Testing Assessment (MAGENTA) study-a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:414. [PMID: 37337222 PMCID: PMC10278319 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an irreversible blinding eye condition with complex genetic and environmental etiologies. Genetic testing for AMD for previously identified multiple-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms can help determine an individual's future susceptibility. However, such testing has been discouraged until evidence shows that providing such information to symptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals will alter their disease course. Therefore, we designed this study to investigate whether knowledge of AMD risk could stimulate the adoption of a healthier lifestyle that could lower the incidence of AMD later in life. We hypothesize that pre-symptomatic individuals informed of a high genetic risk of AMD are more likely to make quantifiable, positive lifestyle changes relative to participants informed of lower genetic risk or randomized to deferred disclosure of genetic testing results. METHODS The Moran AMD Genetic Testing Assessment (MAGENTA) study is a phase 2, single-center, prospective, double-masked, randomized controlled trial conducted at the John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Participants are randomized by a 3:1 allocation ratio to immediate and deferred disclosure groups and followed for 12 months. Skin, ocular, and serum carotenoid status, as well as nutritional and social surveys, are assessed at study visits. Skin carotenoid assessment is by resonance Raman spectroscopy and reflectance spectroscopy, ocular carotenoids are measured with Heidelberg Spectralis autofluorescence imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO), and serum carotenoids are quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. The primary outcome evaluates changes in skin carotenoid status in response to genetic risk disclosure. The secondary outcomes examine changes in ocular and serum carotenoid status in response to genetic risk disclosure. Also, we will correlate AMD genetic risk with baseline ocular and systemic carotenoid status and FLIO. DISCUSSION MAGENTA will provide much-needed evidence on whether pre-symptomatic testing for AMD risk can lead to quantifiable long-term changes in behavior and lifestyle associated with a lower incidence of AMD later in life. Findings from the MAGENTA trial will facilitate the design of a future larger, longer-term, multicenter phase 3 trial that could feature subgroup analysis, expanded measures of lifestyle modification, and potential active nutritional interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05265624 . Registered on March 3, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K Addo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Hartnett
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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24
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Amoah I, Cairncross C, Rush E. Vegetable-enriched bread: Pilot and feasibility study of measurement of changes in skin carotenoid concentrations by reflection spectroscopy as a biomarker of vegetable intake. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:3376-3384. [PMID: 37324838 PMCID: PMC10261728 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, bread is a staple food and thus a promising vehicle for the delivery of nutrients from vegetables including carotenoids. The aim of this pilot/feasibility, pre-post experimental study was to measure skin (Veggie Meter™) and plasma carotenoid concentrations 1 week before (week -1), immediately prior to (week 0), and after (week 2) 14 days of daily consumption of 200 g pumpkin- and sweetcorn-enriched bread (VB). At each measurement point, total vegetable and fruit intake and specific carotenoid-rich foods were assessed by questionnaire. Participants (n = 10, 8 males, 2 females) were aged between 19 and 39 years and weighed 90 ± 20 kg. Vegetable and fruit intake was low and less than one serving/day of foods containing carotenoids. Prior to the intervention, measures of carotenoid-containing foods and skin or plasma carotenoids were not different when measured a week apart. Consumption of the VB did not result in statistically significant changes in either the skin or plasma carotenoid measurements. Plasma carotenoid concentrations and the carotenoid reflection scores had a large and positive (r = .845, 95% CI 0.697, 0.924) association. The relationship between the number of servings of carotenoid-rich foods with the plasma carotenoid and carotenoid reflection scores was positive and of moderate strength. In conclusion, carotenoid status was not measurably changed with the consumption of 200 g VB each day for 2 weeks. Subjective carotenoid-rich food intake was positively associated with objective biomarkers of carotenoids. The Veggie meter™ has the potential to provide portable measurement of circulating carotenoids and be indicative of intake of carotenoid-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Amoah
- Faculty of Health and Environmental SciencesAuckland University of TechnologyAuckland1010New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey UniversityPrivate Bag 11222Palmerston North4442New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Carolyn Cairncross
- Faculty of Health and Environmental SciencesAuckland University of TechnologyAuckland1010New Zealand
| | - Elaine Rush
- Faculty of Health and Environmental SciencesAuckland University of TechnologyAuckland1010New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey UniversityPrivate Bag 11222Palmerston North4442New Zealand
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25
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Madore MP, Hwang JE, Park JY, Ahn S, Joung H, Chun OK. A Narrative Review of Factors Associated with Skin Carotenoid Levels. Nutrients 2023; 15:2156. [PMID: 37432294 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite consistent evidence that greater consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) is associated with significant reductions in chronic disease morbidity and mortality, the majority of adults in the United States consume less than the amounts recommended by public health agencies. As such, there is a critical need to design and implement effective programs and policies to facilitate increases in FV consumption for the prevention of these diseases. To accomplish this, an accurate, inexpensive, and convenient method for estimating the dietary FV intake is required. A promising method for quantifying the FV intake via proxy that has gained interest in recent years is the measurement of skin carotenoid levels via spectroscopy-based devices. However, there exist certain dietary and non-dietary factors that may affect the skin carotenoid levels independently of the dietary intake of carotenoids. In order to validate the ability of this method to accurately estimate the FV intake among diverse demographics, these factors must be identified and taken into consideration. Therefore, this narrative review seeks to summarize the available research on factors that may affect the skin carotenoid levels, determine current gaps in knowledge, and provide guidance for future research efforts seeking to validate spectroscopy-measured skin carotenoid levels as a means of accurately estimating the FV intake among various populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Madore
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jeong-Eun Hwang
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Device Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoeun Ahn
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ock K Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Thapa R, Addo EK, Ruit S, Bernstein PS. Assessment of Skin Carotenoid Measurement as a Means to Detect Vitamin A Deficiency in Children and Pregnant Women of Nepal. J Nutr 2023; 153:1211-1219. [PMID: 36780945 PMCID: PMC10356995 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is an ongoing public health concern among children and pregnant women in Nepal despite robust national efforts to screen and treat this vision- and life-threatening condition. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate skin carotenoid scores measured using the Veggie Meter as a rapid, noninvasive screening tool for VAD in Nepali children and pregnant women. METHODS This comparative cross-sectional study enrolled 164 pregnant women and 168 children (aged 8 to 12 y) from public hospitals in three distinct outlying ecological regions of Nepal (Terai, Hill, and Mountain). The primary outcome assessed whether skin carotenoid status could be a biomarker for VAD. We determined skin carotenoid scores using the Veggie Meter and compared them with serum retinol and total carotenoid concentrations assessed by HPLC. Correlation analysis was used to determine bivariate associations between serum retinol and total carotenoid concentrations, and the Veggie Meter assessed skin carotenoid status. Receiver operating characteristics curves were determined, and a P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS We found that 8.5% of pregnant women and 13.0% of children in this study had severe VAD (serum retinol < 200 ng/mL). There were significant correlations between skin carotenoid scores with serum retinol and total carotenoid concentrations among pregnant women and children (r = 0.253-0.530, P ≤ 0.001). The Veggie Meter detected severe VAD with 57.1% sensitivity and 82.7% specificity in pregnant women and 61.9% sensitivity and 75.9% specificity in children. CONCLUSIONS Although sensitivity and specificity were moderate for detecting VAD with the Veggie Meter, skin carotenoid assessment using this rapid, noninvasive portable device could still be valuable for high-risk VAD screening in Nepal and similar developing countries with limited access to laboratory measurement of serum vitamin A concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raba Thapa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Emmanuel K Addo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
| | - Sanduk Ruit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
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Jilcott Pitts S, Moran NE, Laska MN, Wu Q, Harnack L, Moe S, Carr-Manthe P, Gates E, Chang J, Zaidi Y, Gelineau A, Berg L, Craft NE. Reflection Spectroscopy-Assessed Skin Carotenoids Are Sensitive to Change in Carotenoid Intake in a 6-Week Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample. J Nutr 2023; 153:1133-1142. [PMID: 36804322 PMCID: PMC10356992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reflection spectroscopy, utilized by the Veggie Meter, is a less-expensive, noninvasive method to quantify skin carotenoids and is a valid approximation of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. However, it is unknown to what degree Veggie Meter-assessed skin carotenoid score change is responsive to changes in carotenoid intake. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate Veggie Meter-assessed skin carotenoid score response in a 6-wk randomized controlled trial of a carotenoid-containing juice to determine whether the Veggie Meter can be used to detect nutritionally relevant changes in carotenoid intake; and to compare skin and plasma carotenoid responses with the 6-wk trial. METHODS In this 6-wk trial, participants (n = 162) who self-identified as one of 4 US racial/ethnic groups (25% Black, 25% Asian, 27% non-Hispanic White, 23% Hispanic) were randomized to a control group, receiving negligible carotenoids (177 mL apple juice/d), moderate-dose group, receiving 4 mg total carotenoids/d (177 mL orange-carrot juice/d), or high-dose group, receiving 8 mg total carotenoids/d (355 mL orange-carrot juice/d). Skin carotenoid score and plasma total carotenoid concentrations (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin) were assessed at baseline, 3 wk, and 6 wk (n = 158 completed the trial). Repeated measures linear models were used to examine skin and plasma carotenoids over time and between groups. RESULTS At 6 wk, participants in the high-dose and moderate-dose groups had significantly higher mean skin carotenoid scores [414.0 (SD = 100.6) and 369.7 (SD = 100.3), respectively] compared with those in the control group [305.2 (100.5)]. In the high-dose group, there was a 42% change in skin carotenoids from baseline (mean = 290.4) to a 6-wk follow-up (increase of 123, 123/290 = 42.4%). There was a 61% change in the plasma carotenoids in the high-dose group. CONCLUSIONS The Veggie Meter is sensitive to increases in daily carotenoid intake in diverse racial/ethnic groups over 6 wk. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY NUMBER This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as ID: NCT04056624. Study URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04056624.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang Wu
- East Carolina University Department of Public Health, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Stacey Moe
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Gates
- East Carolina University Department of Public Health, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Yusuf Zaidi
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lauren Berg
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Henning T, Wagner P, Gedat E, Kochlik B, Kusch P, Sowoidnich K, Vastag M, Gleim J, Braune M, Maiwald M, Sumpf B, Grune T, Weber D. Evaluation of Modern Approaches for the Assessment of Dietary Carotenoids as Markers for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071665. [PMID: 37049505 PMCID: PMC10097221 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of dietary carotenoids via blood measurements has been widely used as a marker for fruit and vegetable consumption. In the present study, modern, non-invasive approaches to assess dietary carotenoids, such as skin measurements and an app-based short dietary record (ASDR), were compared with conventional methods such as plasma status and handwritten 3-day dietary records. In an 8-week observational study, 21 healthy participants aged 50–65 years recorded their daily consumption of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables via a specially developed ASDR. Anthropometry, blood samplings and assessment of skin carotenoids via Raman and reflection spectroscopy were performed at baseline, after four weeks and at the end of the study. App-based intake data showed good correlations with plasma α-carotene (r = 0.74, p < 0.0001), β-carotene (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001), and total plasma carotenoids (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001); weak correlations with plasma lutein/zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin (both r = 0.34, p < 0.05); and no correlation with plasma lycopene. Skin measurements via reflection and Raman spectroscopy correlated well with total plasma carotenoids (r = 0.81 and 0.72, respectively; both p < 0.0001), α-carotene (r = 0.75–0.62, p < 0.0001), and β-carotene (r = 0.79–0.71, p < 0.0001); moderately with plasma lutein/zeaxanthin (both r = 0.51, p < 0.0001); weakly with plasma β-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.40–0.31, p < 0.05); and showed no correlation with plasma lycopene. Skin measurements could provide a more convenient and noninvasive approach of estimating a person’s fruit and vegetable consumption compared to traditional methods, especially in studies that do not intend blood sampling. ASDR records might function as a suitable, convenient tool for dietary assessment in nutritional intervention studies.
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Laviolette C, Johnson CM, Butler JL, Biediger-Friedman L, Sharkey JR. Nutrition Effects of a Family-Centered Health Promotion Program for Mexican-Heritage Children in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071600. [PMID: 37049438 PMCID: PMC10097021 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic and social factors, like poverty and food insecurity, negatively influence fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and body mass index (BMI) among Latino/a children. Behavioral programs are needed to support children’s nutrition. This study examined program effects on FV intake and BMI outcomes for Mexican-heritage children (9–11 years). The program used a modified stepped-wedge design in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas (2019 and 2020). Promotoras led experiential nutrition education sessions and collected height, weight, and instant skin carotenoid scores (biomarker for FV intake) at pre-test (baseline), post-test (6 weeks), and maintenance (3–4 months after post-test). Mean changes and group differences in skin carotenoid scores, BMI z-scores and percentiles were obtained from analyses of variance. Linear mixed-effects models were used to determine overall program effects. Mexican-heritage children were enrolled (n = 57 and 52.6% female). An overall decrease in skin carotenoid scores was observed at post-test (−15.1; 95% CI: −24.95, −5.33). While scores varied widely (range: 17–498), an increase of 14.8 ± 23.8 points occurred in one intervention group. Compared to the control period, greater reductions in BMI outcomes occurred during the program. These findings provide evidence for the use of strengths-based approaches in behavioral nutrition programs.
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Hasnin S, Dev DA, Swindle T, Sisson SB, Pitts SJ, Purkait T, Clifton SC, Dixon J, Stage VC. Systematic Review of Reflection Spectroscopy-Based Skin Carotenoid Assessment in Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061315. [PMID: 36986046 PMCID: PMC10055935 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing children's skin carotenoid score (SCS) using reflection spectroscopy (RS) is a non-invasive, widely used method to approximate fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC). The aims for the current review were to (1) identify distributions of SCS across demographic groups, (2) identify potential non-dietary correlates for RS-based SCS, (3) summarize the validity and reliability of RS-based SCS assessment, and (4) conduct meta-analyses of studies examining the correlation between RS-based SCS with FVC. A literature search in eight databases in June 2021 resulted in 4880 citations and peer-reviewed publications written in English that investigated children's (2-10 years old) SCS using RS. We included 11 studies (intervention = 3, observational = 8). Potential covariates included weight status, ethnicity, seasonal variation, age, sex, and income. Studies reported criterion validity with children's FVC but not with plasma carotenoid. Additionally, no studies reported the reliability of RS-based SCS in children. Among the 726 children included in the meta-analysis, the correlation between RS-based SCS and FVC was r = 0.2 (p < 0.0001). RS-based SCS is a valid method to quantify skin carotenoids for children's FVC estimation with the potential for evaluating nutrition policies and interventions. However, future research should use standardized protocol for using RS and establish how RS-based SCS can translate to the amount of daily FVC in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Hasnin
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Dipti A Dev
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Taren Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Susan B Sisson
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126, USA
| | - Stephanie Jilcott Pitts
- Department of Public Health at the Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Tirna Purkait
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Shari C Clifton
- Robert M. Bird Health Sciences Library, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126, USA
| | - Jocelyn Dixon
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Virginia C Stage
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Casperson SL, Roemmich JN, Larson KJ, Hess JM, Palmer DG, Jahns L. Sensitivity of Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy to Detect Changes in Skin Carotenoids in Adults Without Obesity in Response to Increased Carotenoid Intake: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2023; 153:588-597. [PMID: 36894250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sensitivity of commercially available devices to detect changes in skin carotenoids is not known. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the sensitivity of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (RS) to detect changes in skin carotenoids in response to increasing carotenoid intake. METHODS Nonobese adults were randomly assigned to a control (water; n = 20; females = 15 (75%); mean age: 31 ± 3 (SE) y; mean BMI: 26 ± 1 kg/m2) or one of 3 carotenoid intake levels: 1) LOW - 13.1 mg; n = 22; females = 18(82%); age: 33 ± 3 y; BMI: 25 ± 1 kg/m2; 2) MED - 23.9 mg; n = 22; females = 17 (77%); age: 30 ± 2 y; BMI: 26 ± 1 kg/m2); or 3) HIGH - 31.0 mg; n = 19; females = 9 (47%); age: 33 ± 3 y; BMI: 24 ± 1 kg/m2. A commercial vegetable juice was provided daily to ensure that the additional carotenoid intake was achieved. Skin carotenoids (RS intensity [RSI]) were measured weekly. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were assessed at wk 0, 4, and 8. Mixed models were used to test the effect of treatment, time, and their interaction. Correlation matrices from mixed models were used to determine the correlation between plasma and skin carotenoids. RESULTS A correlation was observed between skin and plasma carotenoids (r = 0.65; P < 0.001). Skin carotenoids were greater than baseline starting at week 1 in the HIGH (290 ± 20 vs. 321 ± 24 RSI; P ≤ 0.01), week 2 in the MED (274 ± 18 vs. 290 ± 23 RSI; P ≤ 0.03), and week 3 in the LOW (261 ± 18 vs. 288 ± 15 RSI; P ≤ 0.03). Compared with control, differences in skin carotenoids were observed starting at week 2 in the HIGH ([268 ± 16 vs. 338 ± 26 RSI; P ≤ 0.01] except for week 3 [287 ± 20 vs. 335 ± 26 RSI; P = 0.08]) and week 6 in the MED (303 ± 26 vs. 363 ± 27 RSI; P ≤ 0.03). No differences were observed between the control and LOW. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that RS can detect changes in skin carotenoids in adults without obesity when daily carotenoid intake is increased by 13.1 mg for a minimum of 3 wk. However, a minimum difference in intake of 23.9 mg of carotenoids is needed to detect group differences. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03202043.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon L Casperson
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
| | - James N Roemmich
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Kate J Larson
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Julie M Hess
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Daniel G Palmer
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Lisa Jahns
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Division of Nutrition, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Moran NE, Chang J, Stroh R, Zaidi Y, Hason N, Musaad S, O'Connor T. Noninvasive Reflection Spectroscopy Measurement of Skin Carotenoid Score in Infants Is Feasible and Reliable. J Nutr 2023; 152:2966-2977. [PMID: 35981784 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin carotenoid measurement by reflection spectroscopy (RS) offers a noninvasive biomarker of carotenoid intake, but feasibility, reliability, and validity are not established in infants. OBJECTIVES In this study we aimed to determine the feasibility and reliability of 4-mo-old infant skin carotenoid score (SCS) measurement and its correlation with total carotenoid intake and plasma concentrations. METHODS SCSs were measured in a prospective, observational study with a modified, portable RS device at the index finger and heel of the foot in 4-mo-olds (n = 21). Infant plasma, human milk, and formula carotenoid concentrations were measured by HPLC-photodiode array, and carotenoid intake was estimated from 7-d food diaries corrected for actual milk carotenoid content. Mean SCS, time to acquire measurements, replicate intraclass correlations, and bivariate correlations between SCS, carotenoid intake, and plasma carotenoids were examined. Exploratory analyses of returning 6- (n = 12) and 8-mo-old (n = 9) infants were conducted. RESULTS Mean ± SD finger and heel SCSs in 4-, 6-, and 8-mo-olds were 92 ± 57 and 92 ± 51; 109 ± 41 and 119 ± 44; and 161 ± 89 and 197 ± 128 units, respectively. Replicate SCS measurements were reliable, with high intraclass correlation (≥0.70) of within-subject visit measurements. Finger SCSs in 4-mo-olds were correlated with carotenoid intake (ρ = 0.48, P = 0.0033), and finger and heel SCS were correlated with total plasma carotenoid concentrations (ρ = 0.71, P < 0.0001 and ρ = 0.57, P = 0.0006, respectively). Eight-mo-olds' finger and heel SCSs were correlated with total carotenoid intake (ρ = 0.73, P < 0.001; ρ = 0.58, P = 0.0014, respectively), whereas SCSs in 6-mo-olds, in transition from exclusive milk to complementary feeding, did not correlate with plasma carotenoid or dietary carotenoids, despite correlation between plasma and dietary carotenoid intake (ρ = 0.86, P = 0.0137). Mixed models suggest plasma total carotenoid concentration, age, carotenoid intake, and age × carotenoid intake, but not measurement site, are determinants of infant SCS. CONCLUSIONS Infant skin carotenoids are feasibly and reliably measured by RS and may provide a biomarker of carotenoid intake in 4-mo-olds. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03996395.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Moran
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jocelyn Chang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rachel Stroh
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yusuf Zaidi
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noor Hason
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Salma Musaad
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Teresia O'Connor
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Radtke MD, Chodur GM, Bissell MCS, Kemp LC, Medici V, Steinberg FM, Scherr RE. Validation of Diet ID™ in Predicting Nutrient Intake Compared to Dietary Recalls, Skin Carotenoid Scores, and Plasma Carotenoids in University Students. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020409. [PMID: 36678280 PMCID: PMC9865232 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Collecting accurate dietary information in the research setting is challenging due to the inherent biases, duration, and resource-intensive nature of traditional data collection methods. Diet ID™ is a novel, rapid assessment method that uses an image-based algorithm to identify dietary patterns and estimate nutrient intake. The purpose of this analysis was to explore the criterion validity between Diet ID™ and additional measures of dietary intake. Methods: This prospective cohort study (n = 42) collected dietary information using Diet ID™, the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR), plasma carotenoid concentrations, and the Veggie Meter® to estimate carotenoid levels in the skin. Results: There were significant correlations between Diet ID™ and NDSR for diet quality, calories, carbohydrates, protein, fiber, and cholesterol. Vitamin A and carotenoid intake were significantly correlated, with the exception of α-carotene and lycopene. Significant correlations were observed for calcium, folate, iron, sodium, potassium, Vitamins B2, B3, B6, C, and E. Skin carotenoid scores and plasma carotenoids were correlated with carotenoid intake from Diet ID™. Conclusions: Diet ID™ may be a useful tool in nutrition research as a less time-intensive and minimally burdensome dietary data collection method for both participants and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela D. Radtke
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gwen M. Chodur
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Aggie Compass, Office of Student Affairs, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael C. S. Bissell
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Leslie C. Kemp
- Aggie Compass, Office of Student Affairs, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Rachel E. Scherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
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Udensi J, Loughman J, Loskutova E, Byrne HJ. Raman Spectroscopy of Carotenoid Compounds for Clinical Applications-A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249017. [PMID: 36558154 PMCID: PMC9784873 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid compounds are ubiquitous in nature, providing the characteristic colouring of many algae, bacteria, fruits and vegetables. They are a critical component of the human diet and play a key role in human nutrition, health and disease. Therefore, the clinical importance of qualitative and quantitative carotene content analysis is increasingly recognised. In this review, the structural and optical properties of carotenoid compounds are reviewed, differentiating between those of carotenes and xanthophylls. The strong non-resonant and resonant Raman spectroscopic signatures of carotenoids are described, and advances in the use of Raman spectroscopy to identify carotenoids in biological environments are reviewed. Focus is drawn to applications in nutritional analysis, optometry and serology, based on in vitro and ex vivo measurements in skin, retina and blood, and progress towards establishing the technique in a clinical environment, as well as challenges and future perspectives, are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Udensi
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - James Loughman
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Loskutova
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugh J. Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
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Puri V, Nagpal M, Singh I, Singh M, Dhingra GA, Huanbutta K, Dheer D, Sharma A, Sangnim T. A Comprehensive Review on Nutraceuticals: Therapy Support and Formulation Challenges. Nutrients 2022; 14:4637. [PMID: 36364899 PMCID: PMC9654660 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are the nourishing components (hybrid of nutrition and pharmaceuticals) that are biologically active and possess capability for maintaining optimal health and benefits. These products play a significant role in human health care and its endurance, most importantly for the future therapeutic development. Nutraceuticals have received recognition due to their nutritional benefits along with therapeutic effects and safety profile. Nutraceuticals are globally growing in the field of services such as health care promotion, disease reduction, etc. Various drug nutraceutical interactions have also been elaborated with various examples in this review. Several patents on nutraceuticals in agricultural applications and in various diseases have been stated in the last section of review, which confirms the exponential growth of nutraceuticals' market value. Nutraceuticals have been used not only for nutrition but also as a support therapy for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as to reduce side effects of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Diverse novel nanoformulation approaches tend to overcome challenges involved in formulation development of nutraceuticals. Prior information on various interactions with drugs may help in preventing any deleterious effects of nutraceuticals products. Nanotechnology also leads to the generation of micronized dietary products and other nutraceutical supplements with improved health benefits. In this review article, the latest key findings (clinical studies) on nutraceuticals that show the therapeutic action of nutraceutical's bioactive molecules on various diseases have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Nagpal
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Inderbir Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Gitika Arora Dhingra
- NCRD’s Sterling Institute of Pharmacy, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- School of Pharmacy, Eastern Asia University, Pathum Thani 12110, Tanyaburi, Thailand
| | - Divya Dheer
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Muang, Thailand
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Obana A, Asaoka R, Miura A, Nozue M, Takayanagi Y, Nakamura M. Improving Skin Carotenoid Levels in Young Students through Brief Dietary Education Using the Veggie Meter. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081570. [PMID: 36009289 PMCID: PMC9405129 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of carotenoid have been determined to aid in the prevention of a wide range of oxidative disorders, arteriosclerosis, obesity, and various types of cancers. In order to keep high carotenoid levels in the body, much of the vegetable and fruit (V/F) intake is mandatory. However, the actual intake of V/F is not enough in many countries. The aim of this study was to assess whether brief dietary education using the Veggie Meter (VM) that could measure skin carotenoid (SC) levels could induce the increase in carotenoid levels via V/F intake. Two hundred and sixty-one elementary and junior high school students (ages 7−14 years old) received brief educational session and SC evaluation by VM, and the changes in SC levels were examined after 6 months. The baseline VM scores ranged from 131 to 825, and the average significantly increased from 400.0 ± 124.7 (standard deviation) to 447.4 ± 140.4 at Month 6 (p < 0.0001). The percentage of increase at month 6 was negatively correlated with the baseline values (r = −0.36, p < 0.0001). This finding implies that subjects who became aware of their inferiority tended to make a significant effort to change their behavior. The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that subjects taking much of green and yellow vegetables, drinking vegetable/tomato juice, and eating any fruit had higher VM scores than the average value. In conclusion, the educational approach using VM was supposed to be an effective method of raising awareness of the V/F shortage and increasing V/F intake that could indue the increase in SC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Obana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City 430-8558, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Medical Spectroscopy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-53-474-2222
| | - Ryo Asaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City 430-8558, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ayako Miura
- Faculty of Health Promotion Sciences, Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Tokoha University, 1230 Miyakoda-cho, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu City 431-2102, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Miho Nozue
- Faculty of Health Promotion Sciences, Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Tokoha University, 1230 Miyakoda-cho, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu City 431-2102, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Takayanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, 2-12-12 Sumiyoshi, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu City 430-8558, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mieko Nakamura
- Department of Community Health & Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
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Relevance of Diabetic Retinopathy with AGEs and Carotenoid Levels Assessed by Skin Sensors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071370. [PMID: 35883861 PMCID: PMC9311940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and carotenoids, the major prooxidants and antioxidants in vivo, respectively, are thought to be associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). To estimate AGEs and carotenoid levels simultaneously in patients with DM, we used noninvasive fingertip skin sensors. The study population included 249 eyes of 249 Japanese subjects (130 men, 119 women; mean age ± standard deviation, 69.9 ± 12.0 years). Ninety-three patients had DM, which included diabetic retinopathy (DR) (n = 44) and no DR (NDR) (n = 49), and 156 controls. Compared to the controls (0.44 ± 0.07 arbitrary unit (A.U.)), the AGEs scores were significantly higher in DM (0.47 ± 0.09, p = 0.029) and DR (0.49 ± 0.08, p = 0.0006) patients; no difference was seen between NDR (0.45 ± 0.09, p = 0.83) and controls. Multivariate analyses indicated that a higher AGEs level is a risk factor for DR (r = 0.030, p = 0.0025). However, the carotenoid scores did not differ in any comparisons between the controls (327.7 ± 137.0 O.D.) and patients with DM (324.7 ± 126.4, p = 0.86), NDR (320.4 ± 123.6, p = 0.93), or DR (329.4 ± 130.8, p = 0.93). The carotenoid scores correlated negatively with the AGEs scores (r = −0.21, p = 0.0007), and reflected the Veggie intake score (p < 0.0001). In patients with DM, estimations of AGEs and carotenoid levels using skin sensors can be useful for assessing their risk of DR and vegetable intake, respectively.
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Krishna R, Colak I. Advances in Biomedical Applications of Raman Microscopy and Data Processing: A Mini Review. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2094391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Krishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science, Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Ohm Janki Biotech Research Private Limited, India
| | - Ilhami Colak
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yamane Y, Mochiji M, Ichioka S, Takayanagi Y, Ishida A, Obana A, Tanito M. Effects of water chestnut ( Tarpa bispinosa Roxb.) extract/lutein on fingertip-measured advanced glycation endproduct/carotenoid levels. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:282-289. [PMID: 35687659 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2085098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study tested the effects of the supplements containing water chestnut extract and carotenoids on antiglycation and carotenoid levels. Twenty Japanese subjects (mean age, 67 ± 7 years; 13 men) ingested 200 mg of Tarpa bispinosa Roxb. extract (containing >50 mg of polyphenols), 20 mg of lutein, and 3 mg of zeaxanthin daily for 3 months. Advanced glycation end product (AGEs) levels were estimated by fingertip skin autofluorescence using the AGEs Sensor; carotenoid levels were estimated by pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy of the fingertips using the Veggie Meter. Compared to baseline, the mean AGEs score decreased significantly (0.55 ± 0.04 arbitrary units (AU) vs. 0.52 ± 0.07 AU, p = 0.03); the mean carotenoid score increased significantly (256 ± 68 optical density (OD) vs. 302 ± 109 OD, p = 0.02) at 3 months. Blood pressure, body weight, visual acuity, refractive error, and intraocular pressure were equivalent between baseline and 3 months. Compared to baseline, 13 (65%) patients had decreased AGEs scores, and 14 (70%) had increased carotenoid scores at 3 months; 9 (45%) subjects had both decreased AGEs scores and increased carotenoid scores, and two (10%) subjects had an inverse response. Co-administration of water chestnut extract and lutein for 3 months decreased the AGEs and increased the carotenoids estimated in the fingertip skin of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Yamane
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Mihoko Mochiji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Sho Ichioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yuji Takayanagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Akira Obana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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Kadoh Y, Takayanagi Y, Sasaki J, Tanito M. Fingertip-Measured Skin Carotenoids and Advanced Glycation End Product Levels in Glaucoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061138. [PMID: 35740035 PMCID: PMC9220224 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have antioxidant properties, and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is associated with reactive oxygen species production; they have attracted attention as factors predictive of the onset and progression in glaucoma. Fingertip measurement is applicable for carotenoids and AGEs due to its noninvasiveness and simplicity. The study included 663 eyes of 663 Japanese subjects (357 males, 306 females). The mean age was 69.9 years with a standard deviation of 11.0. The study population comprised participants with primary open-angle glaucoma (PG) (n = 358), exfoliation glaucoma (EG) (n = 168), and controls (n = 137). Multivariate models suggested that lower skin carotenoid (SC) levels were associated with male gender (standard β = −0.14), AGE scores (−0.24), and a history of intraocular surgery (−0.22). Higher SC levels were associated with higher vegetable intake scores (0.21 for score 3) and diabetes (0.10). However, no association was seen between SCs and glaucoma type. AGEs levels were negatively associated with carotenoid scores (−0.25), PG (−0.15), and smoking habits (−0.26) and positively correlated with EG (0.14). SCs and AGEs were negatively correlated in the single regression analysis (r = −0.20, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, higher levels of AGEs may be candidates for systemic biomarkers of glaucoma associated with the exfoliation syndrome. SC levels can reflect self-reported daily vegetable intake.
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TAKEUCHI J, KUSUNOKI T, MORIMOTO T. Association of Skin Carotenoid Score and Food Intake among School Children: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:127-130. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiro TAKEUCHI
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Hyogo College of Medicine
| | - Takashi KUSUNOKI
- Laboratory of Child Health and Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University
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Associations between farmers' market shopping behaviours and objectively measured and self-reported fruit and vegetable intake in a diverse sample of farmers' market shoppers: a cross-sectional study in New York City and rural North Carolina. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:600-606. [PMID: 34789356 PMCID: PMC9991615 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021004602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine cross-sectional associations between farmers' market shopping behaviours and objectively measured and self-reported fruit and vegetable (FV) intake among rural North Carolina (NC) and New York City (NYC) shoppers. DESIGN Cross-sectional intercept surveys were used to assess self-reported FV intake and three measures of farmers' market shopping behaviour: (1) frequency of purchasing FV; (2) variety of FV purchased and (3) dollars spent on FV. Skin carotenoids, a non-invasive biomarker for FV intake, were objectively measured using pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy. Associations between farmers' market shopping behaviours and FV intake were examined using regression models that controlled for demographic variables (e.g. age, sex, race, smoking status, education, income and state). SETTING Farmers' markets (n 17 markets) in rural NC and NYC. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 645 farmers' market shoppers. RESULTS Farmers' market shoppers in NYC purchased a greater variety of FV and had higher skin carotenoid scores compared with shoppers in rural NC. Among all shoppers, there was a positive, statistically significant association between self-reported frequency of shopping at farmers' markets and self-reported as well as objectively assessed FV intake. The variety of FV purchased and farmers' market spending on FV also were positively associated with self-reported FV intake, but not skin carotenoids. CONCLUSION Those who shop for FV more frequently at a farmers' markets, purchase a greater variety of FV and spend more money on FV have higher self-reported, and in some cases higher objectively measured FV intake. Further research is needed to understand these associations and test causality.
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Hanson KL, Meng X, Volpe LC, Jilcott Pitts S, Bravo Y, Tiffany J, Seguin-Fowler RA. Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program Educational Events Are Broadly Accepted and May Increase Knowledge, Self-Efficacy and Behavioral Intentions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030436. [PMID: 35276793 PMCID: PMC8840006 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program (FMNP) in the U.S. provides coupons for the purchase of fruit and vegetables (FV) to pregnant women and children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), and to income-eligible adults 60+ years of age. The New York State FMNP Education Event Guide was developed to support cooperative extension educators in providing information, food tastings, and cooking demonstrations at farmers’ markets (FM) to encourage consumption of FV. This paper describes implementation at seven FM in New York City, and shopping and eating behaviors in a cross-sectional survey of FM shoppers (n = 377). Three of nine lessons were implemented more than once, typically with food sampling (78.9%). FM shoppers were primarily women (81.5%), racially diverse (30.5% Black, 23.1% White), frequent shoppers (2.4 times/month), and had high FV consumption (2.24 cups fruit; 2.44 cups vegetables daily). Most FM shoppers participated in the FM education event (84%), and participants and non-participants had equivalent shopping and eating behaviors. More than 70% of FM education participants believed that the event positively impacted their knowledge, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions. FMNP education events at FM were broadly accepted by FM shoppers of all characteristics, and may improve knowledge, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla L. Hanson
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (X.M.); (L.C.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-8075
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (X.M.); (L.C.V.)
| | - Leah C. Volpe
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (X.M.); (L.C.V.)
| | | | - Yvonne Bravo
- Cornell University Cooperative Extension—New York City Programs, New York, NY 10022, USA; (Y.B.); (J.T.)
| | - Jennifer Tiffany
- Cornell University Cooperative Extension—New York City Programs, New York, NY 10022, USA; (Y.B.); (J.T.)
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Jilcott Pitts SB, Moran NE, Wu Q, Harnack L, Craft NE, Hanchard N, Bell R, Moe SG, Johnson N, Obasohan J, Carr-Manthe PL, Laska MN. Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy Criterion Validity as a Biomarker of Fruit and Vegetable Intake: A 2-Site Cross-Sectional Study of 4 Racial or Ethnic Groups. J Nutr 2022; 152:107-116. [PMID: 34562088 PMCID: PMC8754514 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valid biomarkers of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake are needed for field-based nutrition research. OBJECTIVES To examine criterion-related validity of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy as a proxy measure of FV intake, using plasma carotenoids and self-reported FV and carotenoid intake as primary and secondary criterion measures, respectively. METHODS Healthy adults 18-65 y of age, self-identifying as African American/black (n = 61), Asian (n = 53), white (n = 70), or Hispanic (n = 29), in North Carolina and Minnesota were recruited. Skin carotenoids were assessed via pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter), skin melanin via spectrophotometer, and total plasma carotenoid concentration by HPLC-photodiode array detection. Self-reported carotenoid and FV intake was assessed using a semiquantitative FFQ. Relations between skin carotenoids, plasma carotenoids, FV, and carotenoid intake, with differences by race or ethnicity, age, sex, weight status, cholesterol, and melanin index, were examined by bivariate correlations and adjusted multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS The overall unadjusted correlation between skin and total plasma carotenoids was r = 0.71 and ranged from 0.64 (non-Hispanic black) to 0.80 (Hispanic). Correlations between skin carotenoids and self-reported FV intake ranged from 0.24 (non-Hispanic black) to 0.53 (non-Hispanic white), with an overall correlation of r = 0.35. In models adjusted for age, sex, racial or ethnic group, and BMI, skin carotenoids were associated with plasma carotenoids (R2 = 0.55), FV (R2 = 0.17), and carotenoid intake (R2 = 0.20). For both plasma carotenoid and FV measures, associations with skin carotenoids did not vary by race, but these relations did differ by skin melanin-those with lower melanin had a lower correlation between skin and plasma carotenoids. CONCLUSIONS Reflection spectroscopy-assessed skin carotenoids may be a reasonable alternative to measurement of plasma carotenoids, a biomarker used to approximate FV intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy E Moran
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC,
USA
| | - Lisa Harnack
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Neil Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ronny Bell
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stacey G Moe
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nevin Johnson
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Justice Obasohan
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pamela L Carr-Manthe
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Relationships between Skin Carotenoid Levels and Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010014. [PMID: 35052521 PMCID: PMC8772725 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; their protective roles are of particular interest in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The reflection spectroscopy method has been recently developed to noninvasively measure skin carotenoid (SC) levels, which highly correlates with serum concentration of carotenoids. The relationship between SC levels and metabolic syndrome has been investigated. We aimed to identify the differences in patient characteristics and SC levels between participants with and without MetS in a large health examination population. In addition, the relationships between SC levels and various clinical parameters related to MetS were investigated. SC levels were measured using a reflection spectroscopy. A total of 1812 Japanese participants (859 male, 953 female; mean age ± standard deviation (SD), 57.8 ± 11.0 years) comprised the study population, i.e., participants with MetS (n = 151) and those without MetS (n = 1661). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables associated with MetS. Compared to controls (377.3 ± 122.8), SC indices were significantly lower in patients with MetS (340.7 ± 112.5, p = 0.0004). Multivariate models also suggested that lower SC was significantly associated with MetS after adjustment for age, sex, smoking habit, and other potential risk factors for MetS. Furthermore, male gender (p < 0.0001), smoking habit (p < 0.0001) and worse lipid profiles (i.e., serum triglyceride (r = -0.1039, p < 0.0001), high-density lipoprotein (r = 0.1259, p < 0.0001), and usage of hypolipidemic agents (p = 0.0340)) were significantly associated with lower SC levels. The current study indicated that lower SC levels were significantly associated with MetS. This study highlights the antioxidant capacity of carotenoids in patients with MetS and the clinical utility of non-invasive and cost-effective SC measurement to detect participants who are at risk of developing MetS in a large population.
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Jones AM, Keihner A, Mills M, MkNelly B, Khaira KK, Pressman J, Scherr RE. Measuring Skin Carotenoids Using Reflection Spectroscopy in a Low-Income School Setting. Nutrients 2021; 13:3796. [PMID: 34836051 PMCID: PMC8618146 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary behavior change is difficult to accurately measure in a low-income youth population. Objective tools to measure fruit and vegetable consumption without relying on self-report present the opportunity to do this with less respondent burden and bias. A promising tool for quantifying fruit and vegetable consumption via proxy is skin carotenoids as measured by reflection spectroscopy through a device called the Veggie Meter®. To assess whether the Veggie Meter® is able to detect changes in skin carotenoids as a proxy for fruit and vegetable consumption in a low-income school setting, skin carotenoid measurements were collected at three time points, along with student level demographics, anthropometric measurements, and nutrition knowledge. A secondary goal of this study was to refine the protocol to be used based on researcher observations. Repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons indicate that there was a significant difference in VM scores over the course of the study (F(2, 68) = 6.63, p = 0.002), with an increase in skin carotenoids from Fall 2018 to Spring 2019 (p = 0.005). This increase was sustained over the summer months when measured in Fall 2019. Changes to the protocol included the addition of a hand cleaning step and using the non-dominant ring finger for data collection. With these refinements, the results demonstrate that the Veggie Meter® is usable as a non-invasive tool for measuring fruit and vegetable consumption in a population that is traditionally difficult to assess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Jones
- CalFresh Healthy Living, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA; (A.M.J.); (A.K.); (M.M.); (B.M.); (K.K.K.)
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Angie Keihner
- CalFresh Healthy Living, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA; (A.M.J.); (A.K.); (M.M.); (B.M.); (K.K.K.)
| | - MaryAnn Mills
- CalFresh Healthy Living, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA; (A.M.J.); (A.K.); (M.M.); (B.M.); (K.K.K.)
| | - Barbara MkNelly
- CalFresh Healthy Living, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA; (A.M.J.); (A.K.); (M.M.); (B.M.); (K.K.K.)
| | - Kamaljeet K. Khaira
- CalFresh Healthy Living, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA; (A.M.J.); (A.K.); (M.M.); (B.M.); (K.K.K.)
| | - Jona Pressman
- University of California Cooperative Extension Butte County, Oroville, CA 95965, USA;
| | - Rachel E. Scherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Matias SL, Rodriguez-Jordan J, McCoin M. Evaluation of a College-Level Nutrition Course With a Teaching Kitchen Lab. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:787-792. [PMID: 33744122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a college nutrition course with a teaching kitchen lab on students' attitudes, self-efficacy, and behaviors about healthful eating and cooking. METHODS Preintervention and postintervention design, and anonymous online survey of sociodemographic information and students' attitudes and self-efficacy about consuming fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and about cooking, self-reported intake, and cooking behaviors. RESULTS Two-hundred and fourteen participants enrolled in the study during 5 semesters. Of these, 171 (80%) had complete pretest and posttest data. Attitudes and self-efficacy scores about consuming fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and cooking were significantly higher in the posttest (vs pretest; all P < 0.0001). Self-reported intake of fruits (P < 0.0001) and vegetables (P = 0.0006) also increased. Cooking frequency increased (P < 0.0001), skipping meals frequency decreased (P < 0.0001), whereas no significant changes were observed for eating out, take-out, or premade meals frequency. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A college nutrition course with a teaching kitchen lab could improve healthful eating and promote cooking in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana L Matias
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
| | - Jazmin Rodriguez-Jordan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Mikelle McCoin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
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Hill CM, Paschall MJ, O'Brien DM, Bersamin A. Characterizing Vegetable and Fruit Intake in a Remote Alaska Native Community Using Reflection Spectroscopy and 24-Hour Recalls. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:712-718. [PMID: 33715972 PMCID: PMC8783602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characterize vegetable and fruit (VF) intake in a Yup'ik community using self-reported intake and skin carotenoid status (SCS) and evaluate the relationship between SCS and fish intake. METHODS Self-reported VF intake was measured using the 24-hour recall, SCS was measured by reflection spectroscopy via the Veggie Meter (Longevity Link Corporation), and fish intake was estimated by the nitrogen isotope ratio (NIR) for 80 participants in a remote community in Southwestern Alaska. Bivariate correlations were used to assess the relationship between self-reported VF intake, SCS, and NIR. RESULTS Intake of all VF subgroups was low. The SCS was higher for males (262.7 vs 185.3; P = 0.002) and participants consuming more than 1 VF serving (232.5 vs 183.0; P = 0.02). It was not associated with the NIR. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Increasing VF intake is a way to improve diet in Yup'ik communities and the Veggie Meter is a simple and noninvasive tool to facilitate surveillance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Hill
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Mallie J Paschall
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK; Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Andrea Bersamin
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK; Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK.
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Radtke MD, Poe M, Stookey J, Jilcott Pitts S, Moran NE, Landry MJ, Rubin LP, Stage VC, Scherr RE. Recommendations for the Use of the Veggie Meter® for Spectroscopy-Based Skin Carotenoid Measurements in the Research Setting. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab104. [PMID: 34476333 PMCID: PMC8405124 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are a class of phytochemical compounds found in a variety of fruits and vegetables (F/V) and, therefore, are commonly used as a biomarker for F/V intake. The Veggie Meter® is a noninvasive research-grade instrument that detects and quantifies carotenoids in the skin. To determine current practices and examine variability among users, a survey was administered to researchers using the device (n = 19, response rate = 35.8%) and variation in anatomical site preparation, calibration, number of measurements, measurement site, and documentation was observed. A protocol was developed in partnership with Veggie Meter® users to outline the preparation, calibration, and data collection procedures for using this device for research purposes. Although many protocol conditions will benefit from additional validation, this standardized protocol supports the development of a universal data repository to establish usual observed ranges, with the ultimate goal of examining associations between skin carotenoid scores and diet-related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela D Radtke
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mykaela Poe
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jodi Stookey
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Jilcott Pitts
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Nancy E Moran
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Landry
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lewis P Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Virginia C Stage
- Department of Nutrition Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Rachel E Scherr
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Nutrition in Schools, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Di Noia J, Gellermann W. Use of the Spectroscopy-Based Veggie Meter ® to Objectively Assess Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Low-Income Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:2270. [PMID: 34209048 PMCID: PMC8308249 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reflection spectroscopy is an emerging approach for noninvasively assessing dermal carotenoids as a biomarker of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. This study sought to profile and identify determinants of scores from a reflection spectroscopy device (the Veggie Meter (VM)®) among 297 urban, primarily Hispanic low-income adults served by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The repeatability of the scores and bi- and multivariate relationships between VM scores, self-reported FV intake measured by a brief screener, and participant characteristics were examined. The mean VM score was 270 (range 0-695); 3- and 6-month test-retest correlations were positive and strong (r = 0.79 and 0.55, respectively). VM scores were negatively associated with body mass index (BMI; r = -0.22) and were higher among participants of Ecuadorian, Dominican, and Mexican Hispanic origin relative to those of Puerto Rican origin; foreign- vs. US-born participants, breastfeeding vs. non-breastfeeding participants, nonsmokers vs. smokers, and participants who consumed three or more cups of FV/day relative to those who consumed less than three cups of FV/day. Foreign-born nativity, consumption of three or more cups of FV/day, and smaller body size were determinants of increased VM scores. Although replication studies are needed to confirm these findings, investigators working with similar populations are encouraged to use the VM to longitudinally track FV intake and to target determinants of the scores in observational and intervention studies of FV intake as measured by the VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Di Noia
- Department of Sociology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA
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