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Christiansen P, Hunt S, Jones A, Rose AK. Development and Validation of the Maternal Drinking Motives Scale (M-DMS). Subst Use Misuse 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38987988 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2374292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is a gendered behavior and motherhood is a life stage which may influence drinking motives. However, there are no drinking motive scales uniquely tailored to maternal populations. This work developed a new maternal drinking motives scale (M-DMS) and determined associations between the M-DMS and alcohol-related behavior. METHODS An online observational survey (n = 534) and online test-retest survey (n = 164) were conducted with adult, UK mothers. From the observational study, data on drinking motives was extracted to determine M-DMS items and factor loading. This was split into two data sets for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Timeline Follow back data, taken from both surveys, were combined to determine the M-DMS's predictive validity. RESULTS Following a parallel analysis and exploratory factor analysis, a two-factor model (positive reinforcement motives, negative reinforcement motives) was deemed the best fit. Probability functional analysis identified items with problematic responses. These were removed before confirmatory factor analysis (on the second dataset) demonstrated a good fit for the two-factor model. All factor loadings were significant and positive (βs > 0.56). Reliability of the two subscales was excellent: negative reinforcement (ωT = 0.95), positive reinforcement (ωT = 0.89). Test-retest reliability was good for both negative (ICC = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.80-0.88) and positive (ICC = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.71-0.82) subscales. Both subscales predicted AUDIT and quantity of alcohol consumption (ps < 0.001). CONCLUSION The first tailored Maternal Drinking Motives Scale (M-DMS) provides a more valid research tool for assessing psychological mechanisms of alcohol use in mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally Hunt
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Andrew Jones
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Abigail K Rose
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Beaugard CA, Walley AY, Amodeo M. "Everything is kind of the same except my mind is with me": exploring cannabis substitution in a sample of adults in early recovery from an opioid or stimulant addiction. Harm Reduct J 2024; 21:83. [PMID: 38643152 PMCID: PMC11031937 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-024-01002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery from addiction is frequently equated with abstinence. However, some individuals who resolve an addiction continue to use substances, including via substitution (i.e., increased use of one substance after eliminating/ reducing another). Substitution may play a distinct role during early recovery (≤ 1 year), as this period is marked by dramatic change and adjustment. Cannabis is one of the most used substances and is legal for medical and recreational use in an increasing number of states. Consequently, cannabis an increasingly accessible substitute for substances, like fentanyl, heroin, cocaine and methamphetamine, with higher risk profiles (e.g., associated with risk for withdrawal, overdose, and incarceration). METHODS Fourteen participants reported that they had resolved a primary opioid or stimulant addiction and subsequently increased their cannabis use within the previous 12 months. Using grounded theory, the interviewer explored their experiences of cannabis use during early recovery. Data were analyzed in three stages: line by line coding for all text related to cannabis use and recovery, focused coding, and axial coding to generate a theory about recovery with cannabis substitution. The motivational model of substance use provided sensitizing concepts. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The final sample included eight men and six women ranging in age from 20 to 50 years old. Three participants resolved an addiction to methamphetamine and the remaining 11, an addiction to opioids. Participants explained that cannabis was appealing because of its less harmful profile (e.g., no overdose risk, safe supply, few side effects). Participants' primary motives for cannabis use included mitigation of psychiatric symptoms, withdrawal/ cravings, and boredom. While cannabis was effective toward these ends, participants also reported some negative side effects (e.g., decreased productivity, social anxiety). All participants described typical benefits of recovery (e.g., improved self-concept, better relationships) while continuing to use cannabis. Their experiences with and beliefs about substitution suggest it can be an effective strategy for some individuals during early recovery. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis use may benefit some adults who are reducing their opioid or stimulant use, especially during early recovery. The addiction field's focus on abstinence has limited our knowledge about non-abstinent recovery. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the nature of substitution and its impact on recovery over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne A Beaugard
- Boston University School of Social Work, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center Crosstown Center, 4th Floor 801 Massachusetts Avenue, 02118, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alexander Y Walley
- Boston Medical Center, Grayken Center for Addiction, Clinical Addiction Research and Education Unit, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Ave, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Maryann Amodeo
- Boston University School of Social Work, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Cook RL, Richards VL, Gullett JM, Lerner BDG, Zhou Z, Porges EC, Wang Y, Kahler CW, Barnett NP, Li Z, Pallikkuth S, Thomas E, Rodriguez A, Bryant KJ, Ghare S, Barve S, Govind V, Dévieux JG, Cohen RA. Experimentally Induced Reductions in Alcohol Consumption and Brain, Cognitive, and Clinical Outcomes in Older Persons With and Those Without HIV Infection (30-Day Challenge Study): Protocol for a Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e53684. [PMID: 38564243 PMCID: PMC11028398 DOI: 10.2196/53684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both alcohol consumption and HIV infection are associated with worse brain, cognitive, and clinical outcomes in older adults. However, the extent to which brain and cognitive dysfunction is reversible with reduction or cessation of drinking is unknown. OBJECTIVE The 30-Day Challenge study was designed to determine whether reduction or cessation of drinking would be associated with improvements in cognition, reduction of systemic and brain inflammation, and improvement in HIV-related outcomes in adults with heavy drinking. METHODS The study design was a mechanistic experimental trial, in which all participants received an alcohol reduction intervention followed by repeated assessments of behavioral and clinical outcomes. Persons were eligible if they were 45 years of age or older, had weekly alcohol consumption of 21 or more drinks (men) or 14 or more drinks (women), and were not at high risk of alcohol withdrawal. After a baseline assessment, participants received an intervention consisting of contingency management (money for nondrinking days) for at least 30 days followed by a brief motivational interview. After this, participants could either resume drinking or not. Study questionnaires, neurocognitive assessments, neuroimaging, and blood, urine, and stool samples were collected at baseline, 30 days, 90 days, and 1 year after enrollment. RESULTS We enrolled 57 persons with heavy drinking who initiated the contingency management protocol (mean age 56 years, SD 4.6 years; 63%, n=36 male, 77%, n=44 Black, and 58%, n=33 people with HIV) of whom 50 completed 30-day follow-up and 43 the 90-day follow-up. The planned study procedures were interrupted and modified due to the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020-2021. CONCLUSIONS This was the first study seeking to assess changes in brain (neuroimaging) and cognition after alcohol intervention in nontreatment-seeking people with HIV together with people without HIV as controls. Study design strengths, limitations, and lessons for future study design considerations are discussed. Planned analyses are in progress, after which deidentified study data will be available for sharing. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03353701; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03353701. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/53684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Cook
- Southern HIV and Alcohol Research Consortium, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Veronica L Richards
- Southern HIV and Alcohol Research Consortium, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Joseph M Gullett
- Southern HIV and Alcohol Research Consortium, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Zhi Zhou
- Southern HIV and Alcohol Research Consortium, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eric C Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Southern HIV and Alcohol Research Consortium, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christopher W Kahler
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Nancy P Barnett
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Zhigang Li
- Southern HIV and Alcohol Research Consortium, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Emmanuel Thomas
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Allan Rodriguez
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Kendall J Bryant
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Smita Ghare
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Shirish Barve
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Varan Govind
- Miami Center for AIDS Research, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Reichenberger J, van Alebeek H, Messer T, Blechert J. Excess after stress-A three-study validation of the salzburg stress drinking scale as a new tool to measure the stress-drinking relationship. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3293. [PMID: 37462153 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Stress frequently influences a person's propensity to drink alcohol. Inter-individual differences in such stress-related drinking can be assessed through psychometric scales; however, available questionnaires conflate stress- with emotion-related reasons to drink and ignore evidence of decreased alcohol consumption in response to stress. Therefore, we developed a genuine stress-drinking scale (Salzburg Stress Drinking Scale; SSDS), adapted from the Salzburg Stress Eating Scale, and assessed its psychometric properties. In study 1 (n = 639), the SSDS was found to have a one-factor structure, excellent internal consistency, and acceptable test-retest reliability. SSDS scores were significantly correlated with other measures assessing emotional drinking, but uncorrelated with general alcohol pathology and other health-relevant consummatory behaviors such as stress-related eating or nicotine consumption. In addition, no significant sex differences arose. In study 2 (n = 42) patients with an alcohol use disorder or addiction scored significantly higher on the SSDS compared to healthy controls. In an Ecological Momentary Assessment study 3 (n = 67), the SSDS showed partial ecological validity through significant relationships with daily alcohol consumption, but not daily stress-drinking relationships. In sum, the SSDS represents a psychometrically sound tool for the measurement of stress-related drinking and complements a battery of stress-related changes in health-relevant behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Reichenberger
- Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hannah van Alebeek
- Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Messer
- Danuvius Clinic Pfaffenhofen, Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm, Germany
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
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5
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Kokkinos CM, Koutsospyros A. The Moderating Role of University Students' Humor Styles on the Association between General Mental Health and Subjective Well-Being. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 157:473-495. [PMID: 37625138 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2023.2244128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the associations among humor styles, general mental health (GMH), and subjective well-being (SWB) in a non-clinical sample of 662 university students (Mage = 21.35, SD = 4.14; 66.3% females) attending Greek public universities, via an online survey. In addition, it investigated possible moderating effects of humor styles in the association between GMH and SWB as well as gender differences. Positive correlations emerged between GMH and SWB, as well as among GMH, SWB, and benign humor styles. Malignant humor styles had a negative correlation with both GMH and SWB. The use of aggressive and self-defeating humor moderated the association between GMH and SWB in that at low levels of these humor styles the link between GMH and SWB was stronger. Finally, males scored higher on self-enhancing and aggressive humor than females. The findings expand previous research and are discussed in terms of their implications.
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Granziol U, Griffiths MD, Zou L, Yang P, Herschel HK, Junker A, Akimoto T, Stoll O, Alpay M, Aydın Z, Zandonai T, Di Lodovico L, Lichtenstein MB, Trott M, Portman RM, Schipfer M, Cook B, Cerea S, Egorov AY, Cantù-Berrueto A, de la Vega Marcos R, Fernandes PT, Landolfi E, Demetrovics Z, Tóth EE, Solmi M, Szabo A. The Expanded Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI-3): Towards Reliable and International Screening of Exercise-Related Dysfunction. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-27. [PMID: 37363769 PMCID: PMC10171173 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise addiction (EA) refers to excessive exercise, lack of control, and health risks. The Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) is one of the most widely used tools in its assessment. However, the cross-cultural psychometric properties of the EAI could be improved because it misses three pathological patterns, including guilt, exercise despite injury, and experienced harm. Therefore, the present study tested the psychometric properties of the expanded EAI (EAI-3) in a large international sample. The EAI-3 was administered to 1931 physically active adult exercisers speaking five languages (Chinese, German, Italian, Japanese, and Turkish) and other measures for obsessive-compulsive behavior, eating disorders, and personality traits. The assessment structure and reliability of the EAI-3 were tested with factorial analyses and through measurement invariance across languages and sex. Finally, a cutoff point for dysfunction-proneness was calculated. The EAI-3 comprised two factors, reflecting the positive and pathological sides of exercise. The structure had excellent reliability and goodness-of-fit indices and configural and metric invariances of the scale were supported. However, three items caused violations in scalar invariance. The results of partial measurement invariance testing suggested an adequate fit for the data. Following sensitivity and specificity analysis, the EAI-3's cutoff score was 34 out of a maximum score of 48. This preliminary study suggests that the EAI-3 is a promising tool for screening EA in an international sample, with a robust and reliable structure comparable across languages and sex. In addition, the proposed cutoff could pave the way toward a consensus on a threshold to screen for EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Granziol
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiying Yang
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hannah K. Herschel
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Annika Junker
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Oliver Stoll
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenbergn, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Merve Alpay
- Physical Education and Sports, Institute of Health Sciences, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Aydın
- International School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Thomas Zandonai
- Department of Pharmacology, Paediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Lodovico
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Mia Beck Lichtenstein
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit for Digital Psychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mike Trott
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Robert M. Portman
- Centre for Applied Psychological Science and School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Melanie Schipfer
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenbergn, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Silvia Cerea
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Aleksei Y. Egorov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Ricardo de la Vega Marcos
- Department of Physical Education, Sport & Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Texeira Fernandes
- Department of Sport Science and GEPEN - Physical Education Faculty, State University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Emilio Landolfi
- School of Kinesiology, University of the Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
| | - Eliza E. Tóth
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
- On track: The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, ON Ottawa, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Attila Szabo
- Institute of Health Promotion and Sport Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Moustafa AA, Alvinia NP, Liu L, Richard Y, Hanafy AA, Bagadood NH, Hamza EA. Drinking motives as a predictor of readiness to change alcohol use. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
AbstractDrinking motives have been identified as important predictors of alcohol consumption. Similarly, the degree of readiness to change (RTC) can predict behavioral changes when drinking alcohol. However, the link between drinking motives and RTC has not been explored in previous research. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the four drinking motives (coping, enhancement, social, conformity) can predict the three stages of RTC (precontemplation, contemplation and action) in relation to alcohol consumption. Two hundred and fifty-two undergraduates’ students completed an online self-assessment survey on Qualtrics that assessed motives for alcohol use, drinking behavior, and RTC. Hierarchical regressions showed that among the four specific drinking motives, coping motives significantly predicted all three stages of RTC; conformity motives positively predicted the action stage of change; social motives negatively predicted the precontemplation and action stages of change; enhancement motives were not significant in predicting RTC stages. These results indicate that the three RTC levels can be predicted by coping, social, and conformity motives, but not by enhancement motives. Additionally, given the importance of coping motives, it might be useful to address and include healthier coping mechanisms as part of clinical interventions and prevention methods to circumvent unsafe drinking behaviors independent of a single RTC stage.
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8
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Bulanda JR, Curl AL, Roberts AR. Marital Quality and Alcohol Use among Couples in Mid- and Later-Life. J Appl Gerontol 2022; 42:1068-1077. [PMID: 36484423 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221143305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spouses influence one another’s drinking behavior, but little research has explored how relationship quality may impact older couples’ alcohol use. Using data from the 2014–2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and actor-partner interdependence models, we examined how marital quality is related to total alcohol consumption and risk of heavy drinking for married couples over age 50. Neither husbands’ nor wives’ perceptions of negative marital quality were related to changes in heavy drinking or number of drinks consumed over the observation period. However, wives’ positive marital quality was associated with increased risk of heavy alcohol use for both wives and husbands, and with an increase in the number of drinks wives consume over time. Couples over age 50 do not appear to use alcohol as a way of coping with negative marital relationships, but rather may increase their drinking in the context of positive relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela L. Curl
- Department of Family Science and Social Work, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
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9
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Freeman LK, Miller MB, Simenson A, Sparrow E, Costa AN, Musich M, McCrae CS, Curtis AF. Sex differences in associations between alcohol use and sleep in mid-to-late life. Sleep Med 2022; 100:298-303. [PMID: 36152525 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine associations between alcohol use and sleep in middled-aged/older adults and to test sex as a moderator of this relationship. METHODS Participants were 183 adults (46% female) ages 50 and above who consumed alcohol in the past year. Linear regressions tested sex as a moderator of associations between alcohol use and sleep parameters. Alcohol use was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Overall sleep health and sleep quality were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and pre-sleep arousal was assessed using the Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale. RESULTS Overall, 11% of participants screened positive for hazardous drinking (AUDIT scores of 7+/8+ for women/men), and 59% reported poor overall sleep health (scores >5 on the PSQI). Alcohol use was not associated with overall sleep health (B = -0.25, p = .08) or pre-sleep arousal (B = 0.15, p = .64). However, contrary to hypotheses, more hazardous drinking was associated with better subjective sleep quality, only among women (B = -0.08, p = .009). Alcohol use was not associated with sleep quality among men (B = 0.01, p = .58). Associations remained significant when controlling for age, symptoms of anxiety and depression, body mass index, use of sleep medication, number of medical conditions, and chronic pain. CONCLUSIONS Among middle-aged and older adults, alcohol use is more strongly associated with sleep patterns among women than men, when assessed concurrently (i.e., at the same time point). Findings support the need for further consideration of sex differences in associations between alcohol use and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K Freeman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Angelynn Simenson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Emilie Sparrow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Amy N Costa
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Madison Musich
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Christina S McCrae
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Ashley F Curtis
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, 1 Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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10
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Stewart SA, Copeland AL, Cherry KE. Risk Factors for Substance Use across the Lifespan. J Genet Psychol 2022; 184:145-162. [PMID: 36300651 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2130025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Substance use is a perennial public health concern with associated health risks and economic impacts on society. In this article, we present a selective review of the epidemiological and clinical literatures on alcohol and substance use from a lifespan developmental perspective. We compare and contrast risk factors for the initiation of use and the development of a substance use disorder in adolescence, young adulthood, middle-age and later life. During adolescence, alcohol use experimentation is at its peak. Specific risk factors have been identified including trauma and parenting style that can increase the risk of substance use for teenagers. Emerging adults and college students are likely to experiment with other substances in addition to alcohol such as nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, and prescription medication such as Adderall. Middle-age and older adults with alcohol and substance use in their developmental histories may have an undiagnosed alcohol use disorder. Others will develop a late-onset substance use disorder in older age, possibly due to a dearth of social support, coping with bereavement, and medical complication. Based on Social Cognitive Theory, the roles of expectancies and self-efficacy are hypothesized to impact substance use and the risk of substance use disorder across the lifespan. Implications of the present review for future research on age-specific risk factors in alcohol use in relation to underlying developmental processes are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby A. Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Amy L. Copeland
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Katie E. Cherry
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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11
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van Gils Y, Dom G, Dierckx E, van Alphen SPJ, Franck E. Gender-specific characteristics of alcohol use in community-dwelling older adults in Belgium. Clin Gerontol 2022; 46:433-445. [PMID: 36255289 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2137074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gender has been identified as an important social determinant for health. This study investigates gender-specific characteristics for alcohol use (AU) among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS This is a retrospective cross-sectional study in 1.406 community-dwelling older adults. We used standardized questionnaires to collect self-reported data on alcohol use behavior, mental health, drinking motives and resilience by using, respectively, the Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Multiple linear regression was used to identify the joint contribution of those factors on AU. Hierarchical regression was used to investigate the influence of the interaction between gender and those factors on AU. RESULTS Linear regression analyses showed different associations with AU in men and women. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that gender presented a two-way interaction effect with enhancement and anxiety variables related to AU. CONCLUSIONS Different characteristics were found as predictors for AU among older men and women. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinicians and health-care providers should be aware of these differences in order to provide tailored screening and intervention programs to reduce AU in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y van Gils
- Faculty of Medicine and Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Elsene, Belgium
| | - G Dom
- Faculty of Medicine and Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - E Dierckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Elsene, Belgium.,Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, Psychiatric Hospital, Tienen, Belgium
| | - S P J van Alphen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Elsene, Belgium.,Clinical Centre of Excellence for Personality Disorders in Older Adults, Mondriaan Hospital, Heerlen-Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - E Franck
- Faculty of Medicine and Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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12
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Soares J, Taveira MDC, Barroso P, Silva AD. Career Adapt-Abilities Scale–Short Form: Validation among Portuguese University Students and Workers. JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/10690727221129281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS) was recently reduced to a briefer 12-items version, the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale-Short Form (CAAS-SF). Considering its advantages in long protocols, we validated CAAS-SF for the Portuguese context. Participants were 314 university students (17–47 years old, Mage = 21.50, SDage = 4.32, 82.8% females), and 899 working adults (17–66 years old, Mage = 40.14, SDage = 11.95, 76.8% females). Sociodemographic, career adaptability, vocational identity, and life satisfaction measures were applied. Confirmatory factor analyses supported CAAS-SF four-factor hierarchical structure, Cronbach alpha estimates supported CAAS-SF good reliability, and Pearson correlations indicated positive associations with CAAS, vocational identity, and life satisfaction. Multigroup analyses indicated CAAS-SF adequate configural invariance, full metric and scalar invariance across genders, and partial scalar invariance across students and workers’ groups. These findings support CAAS-SF usage as a valid and reliable measure to assess career adaptability with Portuguese university students and workers both in research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Soares
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Paula Barroso
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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13
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Mariani Wigley ILC, Pastore M, Mascheroni E, Tremolada M, Bonichini S, Montirosso R. Tactile Biography Questionnaire: A contribution to its validation in an Italian sample. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274477. [PMID: 36107821 PMCID: PMC9477375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the interest in the beneficial effects of positive touch experiences is rapidly growing, having reliable and valid tools to its assessment is essential. The Tactile Biography Questionnaire (TBQ) allows to quantify individual differences in affective touch experiences throughout life. The aim of this article is to present a contribution to its validation in the Italian population. Data analysis were run on a sample of 2040 Italian individuals (Females = 1342, 64%) participating in an on-line survey. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and invariance analyses for gender were applied. Concurrent validity was checked using two specific subscales of the Touch Avoidance Questionnaire (TAQ—i.e., Family and Stranger). The four-dimensional structure of the TBQ was confirmed in the overall sample and by gender. Also, the TBQ showed an excellent internal consistency and a good concurrent validity with TAQ. The present study suggests that the TBQ can be used to support healthcare professionals and researchers to assess experiences of affective touch in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimiliano Pastore
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mascheroni
- 0–3 Center for the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Marta Tremolada
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bonichini
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rosario Montirosso
- 0–3 Center for the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
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14
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Lyden GR, Vock DM, Sur A, Morrell N, Lee CM, Patrick ME. Deeply Tailored Adaptive Interventions to Reduce College Student Drinking: a Real-World Application of Q-Learning for SMART Studies. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2022; 23:1053-1064. [PMID: 35543888 PMCID: PMC9357163 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
M-bridge was a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) that aimed to develop a resource-efficient adaptive preventive intervention (API) to reduce binge drinking in first-year college students. The main results of M-bridge suggested no difference, on average, in binge drinking between students randomized to APIs versus assessment-only control, but certain elements of the API were beneficial for at-risk subgroups. This paper extends the main results of M-bridge through an exploratory analysis using Q-learning, a novel algorithm from the computer science literature. Specifically, we sought to further tailor the two aspects of the M-bridge APIs to an individual and test whether deep tailoring offers a benefit over assessment-only control. Q-learning is a method to estimate decision rules that assign optimal treatment (i.e., to minimize binge drinking) based on student characteristics. For the first aspect of the M-bridge API (when to offer), we identified the optimal tailoring characteristic post hoc from a set of 20 candidate variables. For the second (how to bridge), we used a known effect modifier from the trial. The results of our analysis are two rules that optimize (1) the timing of universal intervention for each student based on their motives for drinking and (2) the bridging strategy to indicated interventions (i.e., among those who continue to drink heavily mid-semester) based on mid-semester binge drinking frequency. We estimate that this newly tailored API, if offered to all first-year students, would reduce binge drinking by 1 occasion per 2.5 months (95% CI: decrease of 1.45 to 0.28 occasions, p < 0.01) on average. Our analyses demonstrate a real-world implementation of Q-learning for a substantive purpose, and, if replicable in future trials, our results have practical implications for college campuses aiming to reduce student binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace R Lyden
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David M Vock
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aparajita Sur
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicole Morrell
- Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christine M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan E Patrick
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA.
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15
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Tucker JS, Rodriguez A, Green HD, Pollard MS. Trajectories of alcohol use and problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of social stressors and drinking motives for men and women. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109285. [PMID: 35033955 PMCID: PMC8744401 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased alcohol use coinciding with onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among women, has been documented among U.S. adults. This study examines trajectories of alcohol use and alcohol problems over a 9-month period during the pandemic, the extent to which these trajectories are predicted by social stress and drinking motives, and whether results differ for women and men. METHODS Data come from three online surveys of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults ages 30-80 conducted in May-July 2020, October-November 2020, and March 2021. The analytic sample consists of N = 1118 who initially reported any past year alcohol use. The early-COVID survey assessed demographics, social stressors, and drinking motives. All three surveys assessed average drinks per day in past month and drinking-related problems. RESULTS Alcohol use declined for men, but remained stable for women. Alcohol problems increased for both sexes, especially for men. Level of alcohol use was associated with loneliness and social demands for men, and drinking motives for both sexes, with changes in use related to loneliness and social demands for men. Level of alcohol problems was associated with loneliness for women and drinking motives for both sexes, with changes in problems related to drinking motives for women. Interactions of social stress with drinking motives were not found. CONCLUSIONS Sex differences in alcohol use and alcohol problems during the pandemic-as well as their associations with indicators of social stress and drinking motives-highlight the importance of tailoring prevention and treatment efforts for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan S. Tucker
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA,Corresponding author
| | | | - Harold D. Green
- Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th Street, Suite 111, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Michael S. Pollard
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA
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16
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Santora L, Byrne D, Klöckner C. Clusters of older adults with and without experience of alcohol-related harms based on affective motivations for drinking. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2022; 39:379-405. [PMID: 36003125 PMCID: PMC9379293 DOI: 10.1177/14550725211073006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This cross-sectional study explores profiles of community-residing Norwegian older adults (aged 62–95 years) in relation to their personally expressed motives for alcohol use. It specifically investigates drinking motives as they uniquely characterise alcohol consumers reporting problem and non-problem drinking assessed using the Drinking Problem Index (DPI). Methods: Two-step cluster analysis was used to delineate subgroups of alcohol consumers on seven drinking motivation variables, together with DPI score. The clusters were evaluated by gender, physical health and psychological health status. Results: Four clusters of alcohol consumers were identified in relation to drinking motives: Low motivated drinkers, Ambivalent drinkers, Enhancement drinkers, and Coping drinkers. For one subgroup, a strong reliance on alcohol to cope with negative feelings was most relevant to both non-problem and problem drinkers. For another subgroup, enjoying the effects of alcohol, but non-reliance on alcohol to cope with negative mood were associated with reporting drinking problems. Ambivalent drinkers reported overall low satisfaction with mental health. Very poor physical and mental health were more prevalent in men than in women characterised as Coping drinkers. Predominantly mental health status supported distinctiveness of delineated clusters. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the classification approach to profiling of characteristics of alcohol consumers based on their motivations to drink may have a potential utility in human care settings to identify individuals who incur or may be at risk of developing alcohol-related problems in later life, and those who are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Santora
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; and Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Don Byrne
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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17
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Jenzer T, Cheesman AJ, Shaw RJ, Egerton GA, Read JP. Coping Flexibility and Alcohol-Related Outcomes: Examining Coping Motives as Mediators. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:2031-2041. [PMID: 36271805 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2125274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Coping has been implicated in the etiology and treatment of problem drinking. Traditional, static measurement of coping styles (e.g., approach, avoidance, social support) may fail to capture how adaptive a given coping style may be. Coping flexibility is an emerging construct, associated with psychological health, and one that may shed light on coping's role in drinking risk. Coping flexibility includes (1) discontinuation of an ineffective coping strategy ("Discontinuation") and (2) production of an alternative strategy ("Implementation"). This study is the first to our knowledge to examine its association to drinking outcomes. Further, because coping deficits are theorized to lead to drinking through coping motives, we also examined mediated pathways from coping flexibility to alcohol outcomes via coping motives. Methods: College students (N = 528) completed an online assessment. Data were analyzed using path analysis. Control variables included sex and coping styles. Results: In path analytic models, Implementation was negatively associated with alcohol use and, indirectly via coping motives, negatively associated with alcohol consequences. The direct effect on alcohol use remained when controlling for coping styles and sex, but the mediational pathway was no longer significant. Conclusions: This study provides some evidence for the protective role of coping flexibility in alcohol use behavior, which may have implications for how best to address coping skills in alcohol interventions. The direct effect of Implementation on drinking suggests that there may be utility in teaching clients a flexible approach to coping in treatment. Replication, particularly with longitudinal designs, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Jenzer
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health.,Department of Psychology, State University of New York - University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Abigail J Cheesman
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York - University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Rachael J Shaw
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York - University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gregory A Egerton
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York - University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer P Read
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York - University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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18
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Aguiar AM, de Meneses AM, de Souza Aranha E Silva RA, Baltieri DA. Personality-related factors among incarcerated recidivist drug dealers: A path analysis. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2021; 31:387-398. [PMID: 34590360 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although drug trafficking is one of the most prevalent crimes around the world, drug dealers used to be a hard-to-reach population far away from attention by public health programmes. Decisions to participate in such instrumental crimes, however, are based on external and internal factors that could be investigated and perhaps modified. AIM To identify drug use problems and personality factors consistently related to the drug trafficking recidivism among incarcerated drug dealers. METHOD Data were from 179 men serving a sentence for drug trafficking in two Brazilian penitentiaries who were asked to complete mainly self-ratings of alcohol and drug use, impulsiveness, personality and criminological features. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and structured equation modelling. RESULTS Incarcerated recidivist drug dealers are younger, more likely to be non-white, have more frequently used illicit drugs before the penalty and have higher alcohol use-severity than non-recidivists. Neuroticism, extraversion, severity of alcohol use and drug use before the penalty were each positively correlated with recidivism. Openness to experience was not associated with a history of recidivism but, rather, positively correlated with better school achievement. One third of the men took up the offer of feedback from the research assessment. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that social, drug-related and personality style variables come together to allow likely recidivist drug dealers to be distinguished from those unlikely to resume dealing after imprisonment. Given scarce resources for constructive intervention, this is important. We were impressed by the men's willingness to co-operate with the study, despite their reputation for being in thrall to the drug trade hierarchy, and by their curiosity about themselves. This bodes well for further investigation of relevant psychological indicators and consequently informed intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalu Moreira Aguiar
- Department of Neurosciences, Sexual Disorders Outpatient Clinic (ABSex), Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Moura de Meneses
- Department of Neurosciences, Sexual Disorders Outpatient Clinic (ABSex), Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo Antonio Baltieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Sexual Disorders Outpatient Clinic (ABSex), Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, ABC Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Choi NG, DiNitto DM, Marti CN, Choi BY. Cannabis and binge alcohol use among older individuals with major depressive episode. Subst Abus 2021; 43:657-665. [PMID: 34666638 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2021.1986879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows significant associations of major depression with cannabis and binge alcohol use. However, despite increasing cannabis and binge alcohol use rates among the 50+ age group, research on this age group is scant. Methods: We used the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data (n = 44,007 age 50+) and multinomial logistic regression models to examine associations of a major depressive episode (MDE) with cannabis and binge alcohol use and co-use and associations of binge alcohol use with nonmedical and medical cannabis use. Results: Of individuals age 50+, 89.6% had no history of MDE, 5.7% had prior-to-past-year MDE, and 4.7% had past-year MDE. The rates of past-month cannabis use were 4.3%, 7.7%, and 11.6% and binge alcohol use were 17.3%, 18.7%, and 19.9% among those with no MDE history, prior-to-past-year MDE, and past-year MDE, respectively. Compared to no MDE history, prior-to-past-year MDE (RRR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.30-2.23) and past-year MDE (RRR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.27-2.55) were significantly associated with past-month cannabis use (with or without binge alcohol use). However, MDE status was not associated with past-month binge alcohol use. Among cannabis users, binge alcohol use was significantly associated with nonmedical cannabis use only (RRR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.95-3.21). Users of cannabis and/or binge alcohol also had a higher likelihood of using tobacco products and illicit drugs. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals treating individuals age 50+ with depression should screen for substance use, provide education on the potential adverse effects of polysubstance use, and help them access treatment for co-occurring depression and substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namkee G Choi
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Diana M DiNitto
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - C Nathan Marti
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Bryan Y Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Bayhealth Medical Center, Dover, Delaware, USA
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20
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Rutland-Lawes J, Wallinheimo AS, Evans SL. Risk factors for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study in middle-aged and older adults. BJPsych Open 2021; 7:e161. [PMID: 34470694 PMCID: PMC8438514 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2021.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and resultant social restrictions have had widespread psychological ramifications, including a rise in depression prevalence. However, longitudinal studies on sociodemographic risk factors are lacking. AIMS To quantify longitudinal changes in depression symptoms during the pandemic compared with a pre-pandemic baseline, in middle-aged and older adults, and identify the risk factors contributing to this. METHOD A total of 5331 participants aged ≥50 years were drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Self-reported depression symptoms in June/July 2020 were compared with baseline data from 2-3 years prior. Regression models investigated sociodemographic and lifestyle variables that could explain variance in change in depression. RESULTS Within-participant depression scores increased significantly from pre-pandemic levels: 14% met the criteria for clinical depression at baseline, compared with 26% during the pandemic. Younger age, female gender, higher depression scores at baseline, living alone and having a long-standing illness were significant risk factors. Gender-stratified regression models indicated that older age was protective for women only, whereas urban living increased risk among women only. Being an alcohol consumer was a protective factor among men only. CONCLUSIONS Depression in UK adults aged ≥50 years increased significantly during the pandemic. Being female, living alone and having a long-standing illness were prominent risk factors. Younger women living in urban areas were at particularly high risk, suggesting such individuals should be prioritised for support. Findings are also informative for future risk stratification and intervention strategies, particularly if social restrictions are reimposed as the COVID-19 crisis continues to unfold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon L. Evans
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK
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21
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Moeck EK, Thomas NA. Food and alcohol disturbance in a broad age-range adult sample. Eat Behav 2021; 41:101510. [PMID: 33901799 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Food and alcohol disturbance involves restricting, purging, or excessively exercising to compensate for the calories consumed from drinking alcohol, or to enhance intoxication levels. But these compensatory behaviors, colloquially termed "drunkorexia," have only been investigated in young adult samples-primarily college students-who are presumed to be at risk due to their high episodic drinking rates. Therefore, this study sought preliminary evidence that food and alcohol disturbance occurs in a broader age-range sample of adult drinkers. We recruited 253 participants aged 18 to 76 (Mage = 38.71) from Mechanical Turk. Rates of food and alcohol disturbance (measured by the Compensatory Eating Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption) were high: 64% of the sample endorsed performing at least one compensatory behavior in the past three months. There were no gender differences in overall prevalence, though men were more likely than women to engage in food and alcohol disturbance to enhance intoxication levels. Drinking habits, drinking motivated by conformity, and abnormal eating attitudes were the strongest predictors of food and alcohol disturbance. However, eating attitudes were a stronger predictor of these behaviors in men than women, whilst drinking habits were a stronger predictor of these behaviors in women than men. The high prevalence of food and alcohol disturbance in our broad age-range sample, alongside the far-reaching health consequences of these behaviors, highlights the need for increased awareness in younger, middle, and older adults alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella K Moeck
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Nicole A Thomas
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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22
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van Gils Y, Franck E, Dierckx E, van Alphen SPJ, Dom G. The Role of Psychological Distress in the Relationship between Drinking Motives and Hazardous Drinking in Older Adults. Eur Addict Res 2021; 27:33-41. [PMID: 32434195 DOI: 10.1159/000507664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drinking motives seem to be the most proximal predictors of alcohol outcomes. Consequently, these are an essential factor to consider as they may influence the extent to which alcohol is used in a risky way, even in older adults. OBJECTIVE We studied the moderating effect of distress on the relationship between drinking motives and drinking behaviour in a community-dwelling older adult sample. METHOD In a retrospective cross-sectional research study, participants were community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older. All respondents completed a questionnaire covering the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the General Severity Index (GSI) of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). RESULTS In this sample of 1,148 older adults, drinking motives and hazardous alcohol use were associated (enhancement motives r = 0.478, p < 0.001; coping motives r = 0.367, p < 0.001; and social motives r = 0.235, p < 0.001). Furthermore, moderation analysis showed that older adults drinking predominantly for enhancement or coping motives (respectively, β = 0.433, CI [95%] = 2.557-3.222 and β = 0.327, CI [95%] = 1.077-1.491, p < 0.001), and older adults who had higher levels of psychological distress (β = 2.518, CI [95%] = 2.017-3.019, p < 0.001) were more likely to report higher degree of hazardous alcohol use. CONCLUSION The relations between coping drinking motives and enhancement drinking motives on hazardous drinking depended on the level of distress. The associations between drinking for coping and drinking for enhancement were stronger in high levels of distress. Although causality cannot be interpreted from cross-sectional data, tackling psychological distress and drinking to cope with negative affect or to enhance positive affect might have strong effects on reducing hazardous drinking behaviour among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic van Gils
- Faculty of Medicine and Social Science, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium, .,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, Free University Brussel, Elsene, Belgium,
| | - Erik Franck
- Faculty of Medicine and Social Science, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eva Dierckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, Free University Brussel, Elsene, Belgium.,Alexianen Zorggroep Tienen, Psychiatric Hospital, Tienen, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan P J van Alphen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, Free University Brussel, Elsene, Belgium.,Clinical Centre of Excellence for Personality Disorders in Older Adults, Mondriaan Hospital, Heerlen-Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Dom
- Alexianen Zorggroep Multiversum, Psychiatric Hospital, Boechout, Belgium.,Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Antwerp University (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
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23
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Heim D, Monk RL, Qureshi AW. An examination of the extent to which drinking motives and problem alcohol consumption vary as a function of deprivation, gender and age. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 40:817-825. [PMID: 33244870 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Existing research points to a link between socioeconomic factors, alcohol consumption and harms, while another body of work documents the importance of varying motivations to drink in shaping alcohol behaviours. Yet, little is currently known about the extent to which alcohol consumption may be differentially associated with drinking motives as a function of deprivation, gender and age. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of data from a UK sample aged between 18 and 75 years (n = 1639; 51% male, Mage 47.74, SD 14.66). Structural equation modelling, using clustering to account for the multi-level nature of the data set, was carried out to assesses the relationships between deprivation (Index of Multiple Deprivation), occupation, age, gender and problem alcohol consumption (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) and social, conformity, enhancement and coping drinking motives. RESULTS Coping, enhancement and conformity, but not social, motives were associated with problem alcohol consumption. Drinking motives were stronger predictors of problem consumption than gender and age, with motives tending to be endorsed more strongly by younger and male respondents. Responses from participants with working-class occupations tended to be characterised by elevated endorsements of coping motives. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Drinking motives are stronger predictors of problem alcohol consumption than socio-demographic variables although these factors exert influences on people's motives to drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Heim
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK.,Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca L Monk
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK.,Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam W Qureshi
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK.,Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, UK
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Wilson TD, Wray LA, Turrisi RJ. Positive alcohol expectancies and injunctive drinking norms in drinking to cope motives and alcohol use among older adults. Addict Behav Rep 2019; 10:100207. [PMID: 31384661 PMCID: PMC6661415 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies indicate older adults have increased risk for alcohol-related harms (e.g., risk for falls) that can manifest at lower levels of consumption than younger adults. Specifically, age-related changes in alcohol metabolism, physiology, increased morbidity, and potential interactions with medications to manage chronic conditions increases risk for related harms among older adults. PURPOSE The present study used cross-sectional data to examine the associations between drinking to cope motives and positive alcohol expectancies, and injunctive drinking norms in older adults. We also explored the interaction between drinking to cope, positive expectancies and injunctive drinking norms on alcohol use. METHODS Adults aged 65 and older (N = 98) completed a series of measures assessing drinking to cope motives, positive alcohol expectancies, injunctive drinking norms, and past-month alcohol use. RESULTS Positive alcohol expectancies were positively associated with drinking to cope motives. Drinking norms were not associated with coping motives. Moderating effects of expectancies varied on the link between coping motives and alcohol use. Greater endorsement of coping motives was associated with more alcohol consumption but only for those with low expectancies. CONCLUSIONS Better understanding of the complex interplay between drinking to cope motives, positive expectancies, and injunctive drinking norms of proximal as well as distal referents could foster improvement of clinical assessments to screen for risk factors of alcohol abuse and promote development of more age-salient measures of alcohol expectancies, norms, and motives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomorrow D. Wilson
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
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Le TM, Zhornitsky S, Wang W, Ide J, Zhang S, Li CSR. Posterior Cingulate Cortical Response to Active Avoidance Mediates the Relationship between Punishment Sensitivity and Problem Drinking. J Neurosci 2019; 39:6354-6364. [PMID: 31189577 PMCID: PMC6687909 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0508-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many people drink to alleviate negative affect, reflecting an avoidance strategy which can lead to alcohol misuse. Individuals with heightened sensitivity to punishment (SP) are especially susceptible to problem drinking via this maladaptive coping mechanism. As imaging studies have largely focused on sensation-seeking traits and approach behavior, the neural substrates underlying behavioral avoidance as well as their relationship with punishment sensitivity and alcohol use remain unclear. Here, we examined in humans the cerebral correlates of response inhibition to avoid a penalty in relation to both problem drinking and SP, as evaluated by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire, respectively. Seventy nondependent female and male drinkers performed a reward go/no-go task with approximately two-thirds go and one-third no-go trials. Correct go and no-go responses were rewarded, and incorrect responses were punished. The results showed that SP and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores were both positively correlated with brain activations during response inhibition, and these activations overlapped in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Thus, the PCC may represent a shared neural substrate for avoidance, punishment sensitivity, and problem drinking. Mediation analyses further suggested that PCC response to avoidance completely and bidirectionally mediated the relationship between SP and hazardous alcohol use. These findings substantiated the role of the PCC in behavioral avoidance and its link to problem drinking in punishment-sensitive nondependent drinkers.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Many people drink to alleviate negative affect, reflecting an avoidance strategy that can lead to alcohol misuse. Individuals with heightened punishment sensitivity (SP) trait are particularly vulnerable to this maladaptive coping mechanism. The current study examined the neural substrates underlying behavioral avoidance and their relationship with SP and problem drinking. Using a reward go/no-go task, we showed both SP and drinking severity were positively correlated with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) activation during action inhibition. Thus, the PCC may represent a shared neural substrate for avoidance behavior, punishment sensitivity, and problem drinking. Further, PCC response to avoidance mediated the relationship between SP and alcohol use. These findings substantiated the neural processes linking avoidance tendency to alcohol misuse in punishment-sensitive drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, and
- Department of Neuroscience, and
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Zanjani F, Allen HK, Beck KH. Alcohol, Driving, and Health among Community-dwelling Older Adults. HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND POLICY REVIEW 2019; 6:315-326. [PMID: 34095333 PMCID: PMC8174795 DOI: 10.14485/hbpr.6.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships among alcohol use, driving behavior, and indicators of health among older adults. METHODS A sample of 818 adults ages 65 and older were recruited through the state motor vehicle administration and completed an online survey. Regression models were used to assess the associations between alcohol use, driving behaviors, and 6 health indicators. RESULTS Whereas more frequent alcohol use was associated with fewer health conditions, higher quantity alcohol use was associated with increased likelihood of having at least one health condition. Participants who drove several days a week and those who drove every day had higher perceived health status, a lower number of past-year health conditions, and a lower number of past-year health events when compared to less frequent drivers. Persons who had at least one past-year negative driving behavior or event were significantly less likely to have positive health status, had lower perceived health status, and had a higher number of past-year health conditions and events. CONCLUSIONS High quantity alcohol use and risky driving behavior among older adults are indicative of poorer health. Continued efforts are needed to educate older adults on the relationships among alcohol use, driving behavior, and health.
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Beck KH, Zanjani F, Allen HK. Social context of drinking among older adults: Relationship to alcohol and traffic risk behaviors. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH. PART F, TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR 2019; 64:161-170. [PMID: 33162781 PMCID: PMC7643866 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol use among older adults is a major public health concern given potentially negative effects to health and functioning in this population. Little is known about context in which alcohol use among older adults occurs, or how context of use is associated with risk behaviors. METHOD Invitation letters were mailed to licensed drivers 65 years and older in Maryland. A total of 825 participants completed an online survey that assessed demographic characteristics, alcohol use, social context of drinking, and driving behaviors. RESULTS The analytic sample consisted of 604 older adult current drinkers (55% male). A factor analysis revealed three separate contexts of drinking: social facilitation, emotional comfort, and relaxation. Drinking in the context of social facilitation was associated with driving after drinking. Drinking in the context of emotional comfort was associated with getting drunk, driving after drinking, and running a stop sign or red light. Drinking in the context of relaxation was associated with traffic risk behaviors, including running a stop sign or red light and getting in a near crash or collision. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the social context of alcohol use among older adults may be useful for targeting and attempting to modify risky alcohol use and driving behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H. Beck
- University of Maryland College Park, School of Public Health, 4200 Valley Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Faika Zanjani
- Virginia Commonwealth University, College of Health Professions, 1200 E. Broad Street, Box 980233, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Hannah K. Allen
- University of Maryland College Park, School of Public Health, 4200 Valley Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Martin G, Inchley J, Currie C. Do Drinking Motives Mediate the Relationship between Neighborhood Characteristics and Alcohol Use among Adolescents? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E853. [PMID: 30857214 PMCID: PMC6427383 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents not only vary in their alcohol use behavior but also in their motivations for drinking. Young people living in different neighborhoods may drink for different reasons. The aims of this study were to determine if neighborhood characteristics were associated with adolescent drinking motives, and whether drinking motives mediate the relationship between neighborhood context and regular alcohol use. Data from the Scottish Health Behaviours in School-aged Children 2010 survey of students in their 4th year of secondary school were used. The study included 1119 participants who had data on neighborhood characteristics and had used alcohol in the past year. Students were asked questions about the local area where they lived, their alcohol use, and their motives for drinking alcohol, based on the Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised Short Form (DMQR-SF). Multilevel multivariable models and structural equation models were used in this study. Coping motives showed significant variation across neighborhoods. Structural equation models showed coping motives mediated the relationships between neighborhood deprivation, living in an accessible small-town, and neighborhood-level disorder with regular alcohol use. Public health policies that improve neighborhood conditions and develop adaptive strategies, aimed at improving alcohol-free methods for young people to cope better with life's stresses, may be particularly effective in reducing inequalities in adolescent alcohol use if targeted at small towns and areas of increased deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Martin
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK.
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Joanna Inchley
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK.
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G2 3AX, UK.
| | - Candace Currie
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK.
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Gilson KM, Judd F, Bryant C. Validation of the Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol Questionnaire in Older Adults. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:2043-2052. [PMID: 31213110 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1627558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Alcohol expectancies have been established as an important construct in the prediction of alcohol use among younger adults, but there is little understanding about the perceived expected effects of consuming alcohol in older adults. Beliefs about the expected effects of alcohol may be quite different in older adults compared to young adults, which may also play a different role in their drinking behavior. In older cohorts there may be stigma may be associated with drinking and the nature of drinking experiences may differ to those of younger adults. Existing measures of expectancies are based on the perspectives of younger adults and therefore warrant validation in an older sample. Objectives: The aim of this study is to validate the comprehensive effects of alcohol questionnaire (CEOA) in a sample of older adults, and to investigate the relationships between alcohol expectancies, their evaluations and alcohol use. Methods: A sample of community dwelling older adults (N = 473) completed self-report measures assessing drinking behavior and alcohol expectancies. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted. Results: The final model of the CEOA supported two global dimensions of positive and negative expectancies, and showed excellent goodness-of-fit and internal consistency. Male drinkers were more likely to endorse positive expectancies and favorable evaluations of positive and negative expectancies. Favorable evaluations of positive expectancies were the strongest predictors of drinking frequency and quantity. Conclusions/Importance: The results support for the empirical validity of a two-factor expectancy model consisting of a 10-item negative expectancy factor and a 10-item positive expectancy factor. This more concise version could offer a more acceptable and time efficient measure of expectancies and valuations for older adults. Furthermore, the study provides important findings for the role of evaluations in their prediction of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Michelle Gilson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Fiona Judd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Christina Bryant
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
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Lee P, Lee S. Discovering the Hidden Profiles of Employee Drinking Motives: An Application of Integrated Variable- and Person-Centered Latent Profile Analysis. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:2299-2309. [PMID: 30001161 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1473436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The drinking motives questionnaire (DMQ, Cooper, 1994) has been a very useful measurement tool for understanding why people drink alcohol. Recent attempts to examine drinking motives used the DMQ within a person-centered analysis framework. However, latent profiles identified in previous research largely presented level effects without strong shape effects, which consequently restricted meaningful interpretations and effective applications of drinking-motive profiles. To address this limitation, we applied a new alternative methodology for the study of drinking motives that integrated variable- and person-centered approaches. Our research clearly demonstrated that controlling for an overarching general drinking-motive construct provided a clearer disaggregation of shape and level effects. Four latent profiles were identified that represented a combination of shape and level effects. Each profile predicted different patterns of alcohol use. Theoretical as well as practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philseok Lee
- a Department of Psychology , George Mason University , Fairfax , Virginia , USA
| | - Sunhee Lee
- b Department of Psychology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
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31
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Kawaida K, Yoshimoto H, Goto R, Saito G, Ogai Y, Morita N, Saito T, Takahashi S. Reasons for Drinking among College Students in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2018; 246:183-189. [PMID: 30487351 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.246.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking by college students is a problematic behavior. However, data on binge drinking and the reasons for drinking by college students in Japan are scarce. We explored the reasons for drinking among college students. The study used a cross-sectional design and a self-administered questionnaire. From December 2016 to March 2017, we sampled undergraduate and graduate students aged 20 or older at 35 colleges in the Kanto region of Japan. The questionnaire addressed 1) frequency of drinking alcohol, 2) amount of drinking per day, 3) frequency of binge drinking in the past year, and 4) reasons for drinking (with 12 possible responses). The t-test was used to compare the means between binge drinkers and non-binge drinkers. Logistic regression analysis was conducted on binge drinking and the reasons for drinking. The participants included 303 men and 260 women. Significant differences between men and women included the presence of binge drinking (men: 74.9%; women: 59.6%). Among male students, the statistically significant reasons given for binge drinking were "to feel happy or be in a good mood" and "to relieve stress," whereas among female students, the reasons were "to feel happy or be in a good mood," "to facilitate interpersonal relationships," "to forget something bad," and "to relieve stress." The reasons for drinking associated with binge drinking were identified. It is important to incorporate these results into preventive education about binge drinking aimed at college students in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Kawaida
- Graduate School of Social Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Hisashi Yoshimoto
- Department of Family Medicine, General Practice and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba.,Kitaibaraki Center for Family Medicine
| | - Ryohei Goto
- Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Go Saito
- Primary Care and Medical Education, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yasukazu Ogai
- Department of Social Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Nobuaki Morita
- Department of Social Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Tamaki Saito
- Department of Social Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Satomi Takahashi
- Faculty of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, National Defense Medical College
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Martins Oliveira I, Taveira MDC, Porfeli EJ, Grace RC. Confirmatory Study of the Multidimensional Scales of Perceived Self-Efficacy with Children. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy17-4.csms] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The social cognitive career theory suggests that the development of career self-efficacy expectations begins during the childhood period. The Multidimensional Scales of Perceived Self-Efficacy (MSPSE) has been used to assess adolescents and adults’ career self-efficacy. This study extends this research by assessing the psychometric characteristics of the MSPSE with children. The MSPSE factorial structure, invariance, and concurrent validity were examined with data from 313 fifth- and sixth-grade girls and boys (M age = 10.8). Confirmatory factor analyses suggested a good fit of a hierarchical measurement model. Multi-group analyses suggested configurational and metric invariance across grade levels and across gender for the low-order factors. Still, variability in high-order factor loadings was found across gender. The MSPSE was positively correlated with career exploration and academic achievement. This study supports the use of the MSPSE with children, instills future research on children’s career self-efficacy, and advances practices promoting career preparedness.
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Thomson Ross L, Hasty J. Anxiety and Drinking: Are Personal Beliefs Regarding Control and Unpredictability Relevant? THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 152:646-668. [PMID: 30365363 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2018.1495606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and drinking problems are fairly common, and it is important to know what factors affect these issues. Previous studies document that control beliefs are associated with anxiety and drinking. Unpredictability beliefs correlate with anxiety, yet whether they relate to drinking is unknown. The present study explored these relationships in a sample of adults (N = 150; 40.0% female; M = 34.4 years old) and in a sample of college students (N = 182; 74.7% female; M = 18.9 years old). Among adults, unpredictability beliefs correlated with anxiety and control beliefs, but not drinking. Similarly, control beliefs correlated with anxiety but not drinking. Furthermore, anxiety and drinking were uncorrelated. Among undergraduates, unpredictability and control beliefs predicted anxiety, whereas unpredictability (pertaining to the self and others) and internality predicted frequency of drinking. Personal unpredictability beliefs emerged as having the strongest association with anxiety across both samples. Future research and treatment should take into account unpredictability beliefs when addressing anxiety problems.
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Marino C, Moss AC, Vieno A, Albery IP, Frings D, Spada MM. Parents' drinking motives and problem drinking predict their children's drinking motives, alcohol use and substance misuse. Addict Behav 2018; 84:40-44. [PMID: 29621681 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to test the direct and indirect influence of parents' drinking motives and problem drinking on their children's drinking motives, alcohol use and substance misuse. Cross-sectional analysis of parent and child drinking patterns and motives, derived from the nationally representative Drinkaware Monitor panel survey. The sample comprised a total of 148 couples of parents and child. Path analysis revealed that children's alcohol use and substance misuse were influenced by their own drinking motives and parents' problem drinking. Parents' conformity motives were linked to their children's conformity motives. Finally, parental drinking problems mediated the effect of their coping motives on their childrens' alcohol use and substance misuse. In conclusion, parental drinking styles relate to their children's alcohol use and substance misuse through problem drinking and drinking motives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Marino
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy; Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antony C Moss
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ian P Albery
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Frings
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcantonio M Spada
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
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Wolitzky-Taylor K, Drazdowski TK, Niles A, Roy-Byrne P, Ries R, Rawson R, Craske MG. Change in anxiety sensitivity and substance use coping motives as putative mediators of treatment efficacy among substance users. Behav Res Ther 2018; 107:34-41. [PMID: 29852309 PMCID: PMC10980288 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anxiety sensitivity and coping motives for substance use are processes implicated in anxiety and substance use disorder (SUD) comorbidity, and are malleable treatment targets. Little is known about whether changes in anxiety sensitivity or coping motives during cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders (with or without CBT for SUD) mediate substance use outcomes among patients with comorbid anxiety disorders and SUD. We examined whether changes in anxiety sensitivity and coping motives during treatment for comorbid SUD and anxiety disorders (either CBT for SUD only or CBT for SUD and anxiety disorders) were associated with substance use outcomes. METHODS Repeated measurements of anxiety sensitivity and coping motives throughout treatment were examined from a randomized clinical trial comparing usual, CBT-based treatment at a substance use disorder specialty clinic (UC) to that usual care plus a brief CBT for anxiety program for patients with comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders (CALM ARC). RESULTS Anxiety sensitivity decline during treatment was significantly steeper among those who received CALM ARC than those in UC. Decreases in anxiety sensitivity mediated the effect of treatment group on alcohol use following treatment such that the greater reduction in anxiety sensitivity in CALM ARC explained the superior outcomes for alcohol use in CALM ARC compared to UC. Declines in substance use coping motives were not observed in either condition, and did not differ between CALM ARC and UC. Thus, declines in coping motives did not mediate substance use after treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting alcohol use outcomes were related to decreasing anxiety sensitivity rather than decreasing coping motives. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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36
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Nehlin C, Wennberg M, Öster C. How do people with mood and anxiety disorders perceive and interpret the Drinking Motives Questionnaire? A think-aloud study in a clinical setting. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2018. [PMID: 29534735 PMCID: PMC5851067 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-018-0109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research has identified drinking motives as the final common pathway to alcohol use, and associations between specific drinking motives and drinking patterns have consistently been demonstrated. Data on drinking motives can be used for research, in the planning of prevention strategies and for treatment purposes. The Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised (DMQ-R) has become the most used measure of drinking motives. So far, the questionnaire has not been investigated with qualitative methods. The aim of this study was to investigate acceptability, accuracy and usability of the DMQ-R among persons receiving outpatient psychiatric care by studying how responders perceive and interpret the questionnaire. Method A cognitive interviewing technique, the think-aloud method, was used to collect data from 16 non-alcohol dependent patients seeking outpatient psychiatric care (12 women, 4 men). To analyse data, Qualitative Content Analysis was applied in which themes were formed from data only and not from predetermined areas of interest. Results Overall, acceptability of the DMQ-R was high although answers were sometimes given with low accuracy. Responders pointed out that they perceived the questionnaire as non-confrontational and exhaustive. Further, the DMQ-R seemed to launch processes of self-reflection. Conclusions Taken together, the results suggest a support for the use of DMQ-R also in the group of psychiatric outpatients. Still, when interpreting the DMQ-R, a certain insecurity of the exactness of answers should be considered. The graphic design should be particularly clear in this group of patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13722-018-0109-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Nehlin
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, UAS ing 10, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Division of Psychiatry, Uppsala University Hospital, UAS ing 10, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Margareta Wennberg
- Division of Psychiatry, Uppsala University Hospital, UAS ing 10, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caisa Öster
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, UAS ing 10, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden.,Division of Psychiatry, Uppsala University Hospital, UAS ing 10, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
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Mosher Ruiz S, Oscar-Berman M, Kemppainen MI, Valmas MM, Sawyer KS. Associations Between Personality and Drinking Motives Among Abstinent Adult Alcoholic Men and Women. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 52:496-505. [PMID: 28379312 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Men and women differ in personality characteristics and may be motivated to use alcohol for different reasons. The goals of the present study were to characterize personality and drinking motives by gender and alcoholism status in adults, and to determine how alcoholism history and gender are related to the associations between personality traits and drinking motivation. Methods Personality characteristics were assessed with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, which includes Extraversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism and Lie (Social Conforming) scales. To evaluate drinking motivation, we asked abstinent long-term alcoholic men and women, and demographically similar nonalcoholic participants to complete the Drinking Motives Questionnaire, which includes Conformity, Coping, Social and Enhancement scales. Results Patterns of personality scale scores and drinking motives differed by alcoholism status, with alcoholics showing higher psychopathology and stronger motives for drinking compared with controls. Divergent gender-specific relationships between personality and drinking motives also were identified, which differed for alcoholics and controls. Conclusion Alcoholic and control men and women differed with respect to the associations between personality traits and motives for drinking. A better understanding of how different personality traits affect drinking motivations for alcoholic men and women can inform individualized relapse prevention strategies. Short Summary Men and women differed in their personality traits and their motivations for drinking, and these relationships differed for abstinent alcoholic and control groups. Additionally, alcoholics scored higher on Neuroticism and Psychoticism personality traits, and had lower Enhancement and Social Conformity drinking motives than nonalcoholic controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mosher Ruiz
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Maaria I Kemppainen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Mary M Valmas
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Kayle S Sawyer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
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Fish JN, Pollitt AM, Schulenberg JE, Russell ST. Alcohol use from adolescence through early adulthood: an assessment of measurement invariance by age and gender. Addiction 2017; 112:1495-1507. [PMID: 28345169 PMCID: PMC5503754 DOI: 10.1111/add.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies on alcohol use and related constructs rarely test for measurement invariance to assess the reliability and validity of measures of alcohol use across different subpopulations of interest or ages. This failure to consider measurement invariance may result in biased parameter estimates and inferences. This study aimed to test measurement invariance of alcohol use across gender and age using a US nationally representative sample to inform future longitudinal studies assessing alcohol use. DESIGN The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a school-based, nationally representative longitudinal study conducted in 1994-95, 2001-02 and 2008. SETTING All regions within the United States; participants were selected via a clustered sample design from 80 high schools that represented the national population. PARTICIPANTS Youth and young adults aged 13-31 years who had valid data on all three alcohol items within wave: 18 923 from wave 1; 14 315 from wave 3; and 14 785 from wave 4. MEASUREMENTS Alcohol use measurement models were constructed using past-year general drinking frequency, heavy episodic drinking frequency and average quantity when drinking. Configural (factor structure), metric (factor loadings) and scalar (item intercepts) measurement invariance models were tested by gender and for each year of age from 13 to 31 years. FINDINGS All models passed the threshold for configural invariance. Comparisons between males and females demonstrated metric (and usually scalar) non-invariance for most ages beyond middle adolescence. Nearly all 1- and 2-year contrasts passed metric invariance. Scalar non-invariance was most prevalent in age comparisons between late adolescence and early adulthood, particularly for tests using 2-year age increments. CONCLUSIONS Studies that do not account for the effects of gender and age on the measurement of alcohol use may be statistically biased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N. Fish
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, 305 E. 23 St., Stop G1800, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Amanda M. Pollitt
- Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences, The University of Arizona, 650 N. Park Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721-0078
| | - John E. Schulenberg
- Institute for Social Research and Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St., Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248
| | - Stephen T. Russell
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop A2702, Austin, TX, 78712
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Marino C, Vieno A, Altoè G, Spada MM. Factorial validity of the Problematic Facebook Use Scale for adolescents and young adults. J Behav Addict 2017; 6:5-10. [PMID: 28198639 PMCID: PMC5572996 DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Recent research on problematic Facebook use has highlighted the need to develop a specific theory-driven measure to assess this potential behavioral addiction. The aim of the present study was to examine the factorial validity of the Problematic Facebook Use Scale (PFUS) adapted from Caplan's Generalized Problematic Internet Scale model. Methods A total of 1,460 Italian adolescents and young adults (aged 14-29 years) participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed in order to assess the factorial validity of the scale. Results Results revealed that the factor structure of the PFUS provided a good fit to the data. Furthermore, results of the multiple group analyses supported the invariance of the model across age and gender groups. Discussion and conclusions This study provides evidence supporting the factorial validity of the PFUS. This new scale provides a theory-driven tool to assess problematic use of Facebook among male and female adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Marino
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della
Socializzazione, Università degli Studi di
Padova, Padova, Italy,Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences,
London South Bank University, London,
UK
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della
Socializzazione, Università degli Studi di
Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Altoè
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della
Socializzazione, Università degli Studi di
Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcantonio M. Spada
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences,
London South Bank University, London,
UK,Corresponding author: Marcantonio M. Spada;
Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank
University, 103 Borough Rd., London SE1 0AA, UK; Phone: +44 020 7815 5760;
E-mail:
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Gilson KM, Bryant C, Judd F. Understanding older problem drinkers: The role of drinking to cope. Addict Behav 2017; 64:101-106. [PMID: 27597130 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Despite a common perception that older adults drink less than younger adults, drinking frequency increases with age. The aim of this study was to examine the types of coping motives associated with problem drinkers in addition to the types of specific drinking problems most commonly endorsed by older drinkers. The study also sought to investigate the role of individual drinking to cope motives in problem drinking. METHOD Participants were 288 community dwelling older adults aged who consumed alcohol, and were drawn from a larger study of health and aging in rural areas of Australia. Participants completed a postal questionnaire comprising the Drinking Problems Index, Drinking Motives Questionnaire, The AUDIT-C, and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. RESULTS Overall, 22.2% of the sample were problem drinkers, with a higher prevalence for men (30.4%) than women (15.6%). Problem drinkers were significantly more likely to consume alcohol according to several indices of risky drinking. The most common drinking problems experienced were becoming intoxicated, spending too much money on drinking, feeling confused after drinking, and skipping meals. Drinking to cope motives to relax, to manage physical symptoms and to feel more self-confident increased the odds of problem drinking. CONCLUSIONS Problem drinking is highly prevalent in older adults. Given the potential adverse consequences of problem drinking on the health of older adults it is imperative that health professionals pay attention to drinking behaviours as part of routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Michelle Gilson
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne, School of Population and Global Health, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Christina Bryant
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Women's Mental Health, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Fiona Judd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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41
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Lac A, Donaldson CD. Higher-Order and Bifactor Models of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire. Assessment 2016; 24:222-231. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191115603503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Drinking Motives Questionnaire, previously postulated and documented to exhibit a measurement structure of four correlated factors (social, enhancement, conformity, and coping), is a widely administered assessment of reasons for consuming alcohol. In the current study ( N = 552), confirmatory factor analyses tested the plausibility of several theoretically relevant factor structures. Fit indices corroborated the original four-factor model, and also supported a higher-order factor model involving a superordinate motives factor that explicated four subordinate factors. A bifactor model that permitted items to double load on valence type (positive or negative reinforcement) and source type (external or internal) generated mixed results, suggesting that this 2 × 2 motivation paradigm was not entirely tenable. Optimal fit was obtained for a bifactor model depicting a general factor and four specific factors of motives. Latent factors derived from this structure exhibited criterion validity in predicting frequency and quantity of alcohol usage in a structural equation model. Findings are interpreted in the context of theoretical implications of the instrument, alternative factor structures of drinking motives, and assessment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lac
- University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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42
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Öster C, Arinell H, Nehlin C. The Drinking Motives Questionnaire among Swedish psychiatric patients: An exploration of the four-factor structure. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; 36:400-407. [PMID: 27288296 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Alcohol use above hazardous limits is common among persons with psychiatric disorders, and there is limited knowledge about motives for drinking. The objective of this study was to explore the adequacy of the four-factor structure of drinking motives in an adult psychiatric outpatient population in Sweden by confirming the factor structure in the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ-R) and in alternative models. DESIGN AND METHODS In total, 371 patients responded to the DMQ-R along with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). AUDIT was used to assess frequency of alcohol consumption, number of drinks consumed on a typical occasion and binge drinking frequency. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the construct validity of the DMQ-R and alternative models, including the short form, DMQ-R SF. RESULTS Fit statistics suggested that the original four-factor model had questionable fit (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.10, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.89, standardised root mean square residual [SRMR] = 0.08). The model with the best fit indices was the DMQ-R SF (RMSEA = 0.07, CFI = 0.97, SRMR = 0.04). When using DMQ-R SF in further analyses enhancement, the most strongly endorsed motives were related to quantity and AUDIT sum score. Coping motives were most strongly related to AUDIT sum score, frequency and binge drinking. Social motives were only related to binge drinking, whereas conformity motives were not statistically associated with any motives. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The study implies that the 12-item short form, DMQ-R SF, could be more appropriate than the original DMQ-R in this group. [Öster C, Arinell H, Nehlin C. The Drinking Motives Questionnaire among Swedish psychiatric patients: An exploration of the four-factor structure. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:400-407].
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Affiliation(s)
- Caisa Öster
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Sweden.,Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Hans Arinell
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Christina Nehlin
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Sweden.,Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden
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Blevins CE, Abrantes AM, Stephens RS. Motivational pathways from antecedents of alcohol use to consequences: a structural model of using alcohol to cope with negative affect. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 42:395-403. [DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2016.1141915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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44
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Canale N, Vieno A, Pastore M, Ghisi M, Griffiths MD. Validation of the 8-item Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale (ATGS-8) in a British population survey. Addict Behav 2016; 54:70-4. [PMID: 26722993 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Public opinions concerning gambling are an important factor in shaping public policy. Little empirical attention has been given to assessing gambling attitudes within the general population. The aim of the present study is to validate the 8-item Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale (ATGS-8) in British individuals and to investigate associations of these attitudes with frequency of gambling and gambling problems. METHODS Data were derived from 7746 individuals participating in the British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010, a comprehensive interview-based survey conducted in Great Britain between November 2009 and May 2010. Confirmatory factor analysis and separate regression analyses were applied. RESULTS The one-dimensional structure of the ATGS-8 was confirmed in the community sample and by gender. Furthermore, more positive attitudes towards gambling were positively related to frequency of gambling and gambling problems. CONCLUSIONS The present study extends the previous evaluations of the scale by providing detailed evidence for the utility and usefulness of the ATGS-8 in a community sample and across gender. The ATGS-8 is a valid instrument to assess public opinion on gambling among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale Canale
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marta Ghisi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
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45
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Baltieri DA, Luísa de Souza Gatti A, Henrique de Oliveira V, Junqueira Aguiar AS, Almeida de Souza Aranha e Silva R. A validation study of the Brazilian version of the pornography consumption inventory (PCI) in a sample of female university students. J Forensic Leg Med 2015; 38:81-6. [PMID: 26724562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although men constitute the widest consumer group of pornography, the Internet has facilitated both the production of and access to pornographic material by women as well. However, few measures are available to examine pornography-use constructs, which can compromise the reliability of statements regarding the harmful use of pornography. Our study aimed to confirm the factorial validity and internal consistency of the Pornography Consumption Inventory (PCI) in a sample of female university students in Brazil. The PCI is a four-factor, 15-item, five-point Likert-type scale. After translation and back-translation of the PCI, it was administered to 105 female medical students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the construct validity. The results supported the four-factor model of the PCI. The model showed adequate internal reliability and good fit indices (comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.95, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.94, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.04-0.09), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.08). Overall, the findings from this study support the use of the PCI in Portuguese-speaking women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Antonio Baltieri
- Sexual Disorders Outpatient Clinic (ABSex), Department of Neurosciences, ABC Medical School, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luísa de Souza Gatti
- Sexual Disorders Outpatient Clinic (ABSex), Department of Neurosciences, ABC Medical School, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Henrique de Oliveira
- Sexual Disorders Outpatient Clinic (ABSex), Department of Neurosciences, ABC Medical School, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Saito Junqueira Aguiar
- Sexual Disorders Outpatient Clinic (ABSex), Department of Neurosciences, ABC Medical School, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
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46
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Canale N, Santinello M, Griffiths MD. Validation of the reasons for gambling questionnaire (RGQ) in a British population survey. Addict Behav 2015; 45:276-80. [PMID: 25746361 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of the study are to validate and further psychometrically test the five-dimensional structure of the Reasons for Gambling Questionnaire (RGQ), and to test the differences between different types of gamblers (i.e., offline gamblers who gambled in-person only vs. mixed-mode gamblers who gambled both online and offline) on the five dimensions of the RGQ. METHODS Data from the 2010 British Gambling Prevalence Survey (BGPS) were used. The analyzed data comprised 5677 individuals (52.7% female; mean age=47.64 years; SD=17.82). Confirmatory factor analysis and independent-sample t-tests were applied. RESULTS The five-dimensional structure of the RGQ was confirmed in the general sample and among gender and age subgroups. Furthermore, mixed-mode gamblers (MMGs) who gambled both online and offline had higher scores for enhancement, recreation and money motives than offline gamblers that gambled in-person only (IPGs). In addition among males, there was a significant difference in the scores for enhancement and recreation motives across MMGs and IPGs. Among past-year gamblers aged 16-34 years, MMGs had higher scores for enhancement, recreational and monetary motives than IPGs while among past-year gamblers aged 35-55 years, MMGs had higher scores for enhancement and recreational motives than IPGs. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with a previous test of the RGQ and the findings indicate that the RGQ is a valid instrument to assess gambling motives among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale Canale
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Santinello
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University, UK.
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47
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Sacco P, Burruss K, Smith CA, Kuerbis A, Harrington D, Moore AA, Resnick B. Drinking behavior among older adults at a continuing care retirement community: affective and motivational influences. Aging Ment Health 2015; 19:279-89. [PMID: 25010351 PMCID: PMC4282826 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.933307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this pilot study was to describe patterns of alcohol consumption among continuing care retirement community(CCRC) residents and to explore the role of drinking motives and affective states on drinking context and consumption. METHOD We utilized a phone-based daily diary approach to survey older adults about their daily alcohol consumption, context of drinking (e.g. drinking alone), positive and negative affect, and their motives for drinking. Data were analyzed descriptively, and regression models were developed to examine associations between sociodemographic factors, affect, drinking context and motives, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS CCRC residents drank most frequently at home and were alone almost half of drinking days on average, although the context of drinking varied considerably by participant. Problem alcohol use was rare, but hazardous use due to specific comorbidities, symptoms and medications, and the amount of alcohol consumption was common. Respondents endorsed higher social motives for drinking and lower coping motives. Social motives were associated with decreased likelihood of drinking alone, but negative affect was associated with decreased likelihood of drinking outside one's home. Coping and social motives were associated with greater consumption, and higher positive affect was associated with lower consumption. CONCLUSION Among CCRC residents, alcohol use may be socially motivated rather than motivated by coping with negative affect. Future research should examine other motives for drinking in older adulthood. Evaluation of older adults living in CCRCs should include attention to health factors beyond problem use as other forms of hazardous use may be common in CCRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Sacco
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
,Corresponding author.
| | - Karen Burruss
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cristan A. Smith
- Doctoral Program in Gerontology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexis Kuerbis
- Department of Mental Health Services Policy and Research, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc., New York, NY, USA
,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donna Harrington
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison A. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Resnick
- Department of Organizational Systems and Adult Health, School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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de Souza Aranha E Silva RA, Baltieri DA. A Preliminary Model of Motivation for Pornography Consumption Among Men Participating in Zoophilic Virtual Environments. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2015; 42:143-157. [PMID: 25514403 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2014.996930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although zoophilic blogs and websites attract the attention of zoophiles and others who are curious about this sexual activity, the motivations for consuming this type of pornography are not clear. This study aimed to confirm the factorial validity of the Pornography Consumption Inventory in an online sample of men with sexual interest in animals, and to construct an association model between motivations for pornography consumption and the following psychological variables: depression, sexual impulsiveness, and strength of sexual interest in animals. In this cross-sectional study, we located a website that catered to a network of people with a sexual interest in animals. Subsequently, a questionnaire was made available online to members of this network. Results support the 4-factor model of the Pornography Consumption Inventory. Depression and strength of sexual interest in animals were negatively and positively correlated with the sexual curiosity factor, respectively. Sexual impulsiveness was positively associated with the emotional avoidance, excitement seeking, and sexual pleasure factors. Depression and sexual impulsiveness were positively correlated. Psychological factors can differently motivate the consumption of pornography among men who visit zoophilic blogs and websites. With these preliminary data, we can identify some characteristics of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danilo Antonio Baltieri
- a Sexual Disorders Outpatient Clinic (ABSex), Department of Neurosciences , ABC Medical School , Santo André , São Paulo , Brazil
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Baltieri DA, Aguiar ASJ, de Oliveira VH, de Souza Gatti AL, de Souza Aranha E Silva RA. Validation of the Pornography Consumption Inventory in a Sample of Male Brazilian University Students. JOURNAL OF SEX & MARITAL THERAPY 2014; 41:649-660. [PMID: 25189705 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2014.958793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Few measures are available to examine pornography use constructs, and this can compromise the reliability of statements regarding harmful use of pornography. This study aimed to confirm the factorial validity and internal consistency of the Pornography Consumption Inventory in a sample of male Brazilian university students. The inventory consists of a 4-factor, 15-item, 5-point Likert-type scale. After translation and back-translation of the inventory, it was administered to 100 male medical students. An initial model that included all 15 items of the inventory showed some substandard fit indices. Therefore, another model was tested, excluding an item that had loaded onto two different factors. Goodness-of-fit indices were better for the new model. Overall, findings from this study support using the inventory on Portuguese-speaking individuals. With additional replication across populations, other settings, and treatment-seeking patients, the Pornography Consumption Inventory could also potentially be shortened to 14 items.
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Herberman Mash HB, Fullerton CS, Ng THH, Ursano RJ. Factor analysis of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire in a young adult U.S. Army sample. Psychol Rep 2014; 115:339-50. [PMID: 25243366 DOI: 10.2466/18.pr0.115c21z6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Reasons for alcohol consumption are often conceptualized as deriving from internal and external sources and positive and negative reinforcement. The revised Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ-R) was developed to classify reasons or motives for alcohol use which are associated with different drinking patterns. The factor structure of a subset of DMQ-R items was examined using exploratory factor analysis on a U.S. Army sample, to assess whether the DMQ-R subscales represent drinking motives typically identified by military service members. This study used the Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors Among Active Duty Military Personnel, which sampled 10,400 Army soldiers. A total of 4,475 responses were included in the analysis, which corresponded with a weighted sample of 391,185 soldiers. Principal-axis factor analysis with promax rotation identified two factors representing pleasure-seeking/enjoyment and avoiding rejection/"fitting in." These factors may be useful in investigating relationships between drinking motives and alcohol use patterns within the U.S. Army population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly B Herberman Mash
- 1 Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
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