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Wilson OWA, Bullen C, Duffey M, Bopp M. The association between vaping and health behaviors among undergraduate college students in the United States. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:1360-1364. [PMID: 35623030 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2076097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the association between vaping and health behaviors (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, sleep, cigarette use, alcohol consumption) and mental health among college students. Methods: Socio-demographic characteristics, vaping, health behaviors, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms of undergraduates enrolled at a large university located in the Northeast of the United States were assessed via an online survey. Results: Of all participants (n = 1775), less than a fifth (n = 314, 17.7%) reported any vaping in the past month. More men reported vaping than women (23.2% vs. 14.5%). Those who vaped reported fewer nights of restful sleep and greater alcohol consumption. Those who smoked and binge drank were more likely to report vaping. Perceived stress was greater among women who vaped, and depressive symptoms were greater among those who vaped regardless of gender. Conclusions: Vaping was associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, and poorer mental health among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W A Wilson
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Chris Bullen
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michele Duffey
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melissa Bopp
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Wang N, Dove MS, Tong EK. Serious psychological distress and higher associations with tobacco and cannabis use among college students in the United States. Prev Med 2024; 185:108041. [PMID: 38866211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between serious psychological distress (SPD) and tobacco and cannabis use among college students in the United States. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 257,626 college students from the 2019-2022 National College Health Assessment survey. SPD was defined as having symptoms in the past month. Current tobacco (i.e., cigarettes, e-cigarettes) and cannabis use was defined as past month use. Multiple product use was categorized for single, dual, or triple products. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine associations between SPD, tobacco, cannabis, and multiple product use. RESULTS SPD increased over time (18.4% to 23.8%) among students and nearly 30% of tobacco or cannabis users reported SPD. Cigarette, e-cigarette, or cannabis use was associated with about a 50-60% increased likelihood of reporting SPD than non-current use of each product, with the highest associations in Fall 2020. Triple product users had double the likelihood of reporting SPD, followed by dual users at 70% and single users at 47%, relative to non-current users. Daily users also had nearly twice the likelihood of reporting SPD, followed by non-daily users at 13-35%, relative to non-current users. CONCLUSIONS College students have an increasing burden of SPD which is significantly associated with tobacco and cannabis use. There is a dose-response relationship between the number of tobacco and cannabis products used, as well as the frequency of use, and SPD among U.S. college students. Colleges addressing student mental health should prioritize the implementation of screening and treatment support for tobacco, cannabis, and multiple product use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Melanie S Dove
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, USA; Tobacco Cessation Policy Research Center, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, USA
| | - Elisa K Tong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Tobacco Cessation Policy Research Center, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, USA.
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Do EK, Aarvig K, Panigrahi G, Hair EC. Past-Year Mental Illness Diagnosis and E-cigarette Use Status Among a College-Aged Sample: Findings From the National College Health Assessment (2017-2019). Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:468-477. [PMID: 38146733 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231224864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations between past-year mental illness (MI) diagnoses and e-cigarette use status. DESIGN Data were obtained from the National College Health Assessment, a nationally recognized cross-sectional survey of university students. SETTING Participants were recruited from 2-year and 4-year public and private universities across the United States from 2017-2019. SUBJECTS The analytic sample included 277 291 university students. MEASURES Self-reported past-year MI diagnosis, binarily coded, served as the primary predictor. The outcome was e-cigarette use status (never, noncurrent, and current user). ANALYSIS Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate relative risk ratios (RRR) of e-cigarette use, as predicted by past-year MI diagnoses, age, race/ethnicity, sex and gender, sexual identity, geographic region, and other combustible tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. RESULTS Compared to those who had never received any MI diagnosis in the past year, those who did had a 16% higher relative risk (RRR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.20) of being a noncurrent e-cigarette user and a 33% higher relative risk (RRR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.38) of being a current e-cigarette user. Schizophrenia, substance use or addiction, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses demonstrated the strongest associations with noncurrent and current e-cigarette use. CONCLUSION Results suggest the need to screen young adults for e-cigarette use and mental health indicators to facilitate early detection and timely intervention for at-risk university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Do
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth C Hair
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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To T, Borkhoff CM, Chow CW, Moraes TJ, Schwartz R, Vozoris N, Lal A, Yen W, Zhang K, Terebessy E, Zhu J. Association of ever use of e-cigarettes with health and lifestyle variables among young adults: a Canadian health measure survey study. Eur J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s00431-024-05499-2. [PMID: 38536459 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Research suggests that vaping raises oxidative stress levels and has been implicated in poor mental health. The objective of this study is to assess cross-sectional associations between quality of life (QOL) indicators and e-cigarette (EC) use in young Canadian adults. We used data from the 2016-2017 Canadian Health Measures Survey. We compared physical activity (daily steps), physiological measurements (high-density lipoprotein for cholesterol level), self-perceived life stress, mental health, and QOL between ever-use EC users and non-users. Multivariable binary or ordinal logistic regressions were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Analyses included 905 participants (15-30 years) with 115 (12.7%) reporting EC use and 790 non-users. After adjusting for confounders, compared to non-users, EC users had significantly higher odds of being physically active (OR = 2.19, 95%CI: 1.14-4.20) but also with self-reported extreme life stress (OR = 2.68, 95%CI: 1.45-4.92). Albeit statistically non-significant, EC users also had higher odds of poorer QOL (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 0.64-1.95). No statistically significant interactions between EC use, cigarette smoking, cannabis consumption and health outcomes were observed. CONCLUSION Our study found that EC use was independently and significantly associated with increased odds of life stress and an indication of poorer QOL. Ongoing surveillance on young EC users is important to measure the long-term impact of vaping on their physical, mental health and quality of life to target for interventions. WHAT IS KNOWN • E-cigarette use has been associated with high-risk behaviours and adverse mental health outcomes, such as depression and anxiety. WHAT IS NEW • E-cigarette users had significantly higher odds of being physically active and higher amounts of life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa To
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Cornelia M Borkhoff
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chung-Wai Chow
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Respirology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Schwartz
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nick Vozoris
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Avtar Lal
- Canadian Thoracic Society, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy Yen
- Research and Impact, Lung Health Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kimball Zhang
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Emilie Terebessy
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jingqin Zhu
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
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Nabil AK, Barry AE, Kum HC, Ohsfeldt RL. Actual and perceived E-cigarettes behaviors among a national sample of U.S. college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:109-117. [PMID: 35025725 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.2024209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Electronic cigarette use represents an important college health concern. This investigation assessed demographic and behavioral correlates associated with actual and perceived e-cigarette use among a national sample of American college students. Methods: Respondents (n = 19,861) comprised college students from over 40 distinct American higher education institutions. Multivariable logistic regression assessed whether (1) alcohol, tobacco or marijuana use were associated with e-cigarette use; (2) perceived peer use of alcohol, tobacco or marijuana were associated with perceived e-cigarette use. Results: Approximately 5% of survey respondents self-reported using e-cigarettes within the past month. More than 7 out of every 10 respondents, however, thought the 'typical student' was an e-cigarette user. As perceptions of typical student substance use increased, respondents were far more likely to contend the typical student used e-cigarettes. Discussion: In addition to adopting smoke-free campus policies, university officials should disseminate accurate information regarding e-cigarette behaviors of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Khurshid Nabil
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Adam E Barry
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Hye-Chung Kum
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Robert L Ohsfeldt
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Lin SY, Cheng X, Rossheim ME, Gress D, Cuellar AE, Cheskin L, Xue H. Associations between use of specific social media sites and electronic cigarette use among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2217-2224. [PMID: 34469259 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1965149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine dose-response associations between use of specific social media sites and the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and traditional cigarettes. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 298 first-year college students enrolled in the fall 2019 semester at a large state university. Heckman selection and Probit model were used to estimate associations between use of specific social media sites and e-cigarette/traditional cigarette use. RESULTS Each additional hour per day spent on Snapchat was associated with a 4.61% increase in the probability of lifetime e-cigarette use. In addition, among current e-cigarette users, more time spent on Snapchat was associated with more frequent e-cigarette use (marginal effects: 0.13, p = 0.001). Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat and Instagram were not associated with traditional cigarette smoking. CONCLUSION Snapchat was the only major social media platform associated with both lifetime and current e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Yu Lin
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Xiaolu Cheng
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew E Rossheim
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Dustin Gress
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Alison Evans Cuellar
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Lawrence Cheskin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Hong Xue
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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Dirisanala S, Laller S, Ganti N, Taj S, Patel N, Singh Arora K, Williams I, Hameed A, Kuditipudi AD, Lei YW, Tirupathi R, Gupta S, Patel U, Venkata VS. E-cigarette use and prevalence of lung diseases among the U.S. population: a NHANES survey. J Investig Med 2023; 71:613-622. [PMID: 37052242 DOI: 10.1177/10815589231167357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiological characteristics and prevalence of lung disease among e-cigarettes users in the United States. A population-based, cross-sectional survey was performed using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of 2015-2018. Adults using e-cigarettes (SMQ900), traditional smoking (SMQ020: > 100 cigarettes in lifetime or SMQ040: current cigarettes use), and dual smoking (e-cigarettes and traditional smoking) were identified and compared in their sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of lung diseases (Asthma: MCQ010 and COPD: MCQ160O). We used the chi square test (categorical variables) and Mann-Whitney test and unpaired-student t test (continuous variables). p-value <0.05 was used as a reference. We excluded respondents <18 years and missing data on demographics and outcomes. Out of 178,157 respondents, 7745 (4.35%), 48,570 (27.26%), and 23,444 (13.16%) were e-cigarette smokers, traditional smokers, and dual smokers, respectively. Overall prevalence of asthma was 15.16% and COPD was 4.26%. E-cigarette smokers were younger in comparison to traditional smokers (median: 25 years vs 62 years; p < 0.0001). In females (49.34% vs 37.97%), Mexican (19.82% vs 13.35%), annual household income above $100,000 (23.97% vs 15.56%), prevalence of e-cigarette smoking was higher in comparison to traditional smoking (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of COPD was higher among dual smokers in comparison to e-cigarette and traditional smoking (10.14% vs 0.25% vs 8.11%; p < 0.0001). Prevalence of asthma was higher among dual and e-cigarette smokers in comparison with traditional smokers and non-smokers (22.44% vs 21.10% vs 14.46% vs 13.30%; p < 0.0001). Median age (Q1-Q3) was lower at which asthma (7 years (4-12) vs 25 years (8-50)) was diagnosed first among e-cigarettes smokers in comparison with traditional smokers. In a mixed effect multivariable logistic regression analysis, we found higher odds of asthma among e-cigarette users in comparison with non-smokers (Odds ratio (OR): 1.47; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.21-1.78; p = 0.0001). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) respondents were also associated with 11.28 higher odds of e-cigarette utilization (Oddsratio (OR): 11.28; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 5.59-22.72; p < 0.0001). We conclude the higher prevalence of e-cigarette users is seen among the younger population, female, Mexican race, and annual income above $100,000 in comparison to traditional smokers. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma were both more prevalent in dual smokers. As asthma was more prevalent and diagnosed at an early age in e-cigarette smokers, more prospective studies are needed to understand the effects of e-cigarette among the population at risk to mitigate the sudden rise in utilization and to create awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Dirisanala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Srishti Laller
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore Washington Medical Center, Glen Burnie, MD, USA
| | - Naga Ganti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keystone Health, Chambersburg, PA, USA
| | - Shafaq Taj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Larkin Community Hospital, Hialeah, FL, USA
| | - Neel Patel
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Inemesit Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ayesha Hameed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aasa Deepika Kuditipudi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Yadanar Win Lei
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Barnabas Hospital, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Sachin Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Urvish Patel
- Department of Public Health and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Chen G, Rahman S, Lutfy K. E-cigarettes may serve as a gateway to conventional cigarettes and other addictive drugs. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2023; 3:11345. [PMID: 38389821 PMCID: PMC10880776 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.11345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are devices that allow the user to inhale nicotine in a vapor, and are primarily marketed as a means of quitting smoking and a less harmful replacement for traditional cigarette smoking. However, further research is needed to determine if vaping nicotine via e-cigarettes can be effective. Conversely, nicotine has been considered a gateway drug to alcohol and other addictive drugs and e-cigarettes containing nicotine may have the same effects. Previous reports have shown that e-cigarette use may open the gate for the use of other drugs including conventional cigarettes, cannabis, opioids, etc. The increasing prevalence of e-cigarettes, particularly among youth and adolescents in the last decade have led to an increase in the dual use of e-cigarettes with alcohol, cannabis, and other illicit drug use like heroin and 3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The advent of e-cigarettes as a device to self-administer addictive agents such as cocaine and synthetic cathinones may bring about additional adverse health effects associated with their concurrent use. This review aims to briefly describe e-cigarettes and their different generations, and their co-use with other addictive drugs as well as the use of the device as a tool to self-administer addictive drugs, such as cocaine, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Chen
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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dos Santos Maximino G, Andrade ALM, de Andrade AG, de Oliveira LG. Profile of Brazilian Undergraduates Who Use Electronic Cigarettes: a Cross-Sectional Study on Forbidden Use. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37363763 PMCID: PMC10202068 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) persists in Brazil, despite restrictions on sales, imports, and advertising. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of e-cigarette use and user profiles among university students. This cross-sectional study used a convenience sample of 3083 university students (female = 2253, male = 830; M=26.1; SD =8.43) who completed an online survey. We employed logistic regression models and network analysis to determine the profile of e-cigarette users. The prevalence of e-cigarette use in the past year was 12.2% (n =377). Men, single individuals, Caucasians, secular individuals, and non-heterosexual individuals were more likely to engage in e-cigarette use. Intense use of alcohol, tobacco products, and illicit drugs increased the likelihood of e-cigarette use. Brazilian college students continue to use electronic cigarettes despite the prohibition. The pattern of alcohol abuse and tobacco product use among e-cigarette users is concerning. These risky behaviors render young and highly educated individuals targets for public policies to control and regulate electronic cigarettes in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella dos Santos Maximino
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Fundaçao do ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, 09060-870 Brazil
| | - André Luiz Monezi Andrade
- Center of Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Address: John Boyd Dunlop st, S/N - Jardim Ipajussara, Campinas, SP Zip Code: 13034-685 Brazil
| | - Arthur Guerra de Andrade
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Fundaçao do ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, 09060-870 Brazil
| | - Lucio Garcia de Oliveira
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Fundaçao do ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, 09060-870 Brazil
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Bista S, Lechner WV, Anderson M, Kenne KN, Kenne DR. Cigarette and e-cigarette use as a function of psychological distress following COVID-19 related university campus closures. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2023; 49:239-248. [PMID: 36920934 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2171300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Individuals experienced increased social isolation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies have found social isolation and loneliness to be strongly associated with anxiety and depression, which have been associated with increased smoking and vaping rates among young adults, including college students.Objectives: To examine relationships between psychological distress and nicotine use within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey (n = 4634; 77.9% female) was used to collect nicotine use and psychological measures from students enrolled at a large Midwestern university. Timeline follow-back data were collected from students reporting current cigarette or electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in the week before and immediately following the closure of campus due to the pandemic. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the interaction between nicotine use and psychological symptoms across the 2-week period.Results: Both cigarette (Rate ratio (RR) = 1.115, 95% CI = 1.061, 1.171, p < .0001) and e-cigarette (β = 0.258, 95% CI = 0.166, 0.351, p < .0001) use increased significantly following campus closure. Students experiencing higher levels of depression reported greater increases in e-cigarette use frequency over time as compared to students reporting fewer symptoms of depression (β = 0.018, 95% CI = 0.006, 0.030, p = .004).Conclusions: Increases in nicotine use were found immediately following the implementation of public health safety measures that closed most university campuses. Additional and/or increased stressors have potentially impacted young adults who are college students as a result of campus closures resulting from the pandemic, which may have contributed to further increases in nicotine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Bista
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - William V Lechner
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Megan Anderson
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Kaylie N Kenne
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Deric R Kenne
- College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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11
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Harlow AF, Stokes AC, Brooks DR, Benjamin EJ, Leventhal AM, McConnell RS, Barrington‐Trimis JL, Ross CS. Prospective association between e-cigarette use frequency patterns and cigarette smoking abstinence among adult cigarette smokers in the United States. Addiction 2022; 117:3129-3139. [PMID: 35913015 PMCID: PMC9804676 DOI: 10.1111/add.16009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the association of longitudinal patterns of e-cigarette use with cigarette smoking abstinence, after accounting for time-dependent confounding and selection bias. DESIGN Secondary analysis of longitudinal national cohort data. Using marginal structural models and four waves of the population assessment of tobacco and health (wave 1, 2013-14; wave 2, 2014-15; wave 3, 2015-16; wave 4, 2016-18), we estimated the association of vaping frequency across waves 2 and 3 with 12-month sustained cigarette smoking abstinence at wave 4, adjusting for time-dependent confounders at waves 1 and 2 and selection bias due to drop-out with inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS/CASES A total of 5699 adults (18+ years) who smoked cigarettes and did not vape at wave 1. MEASUREMENTS The exposure was vaping frequency at waves 2 and 3 (non-use, non-daily use, daily use), representing nine possible combinations of vaping frequency across two waves. Non-use at both waves was the exposure reference group. The primary outcome was sustained 12-month cigarette smoking abstinence at wave 4. FINDINGS Among 5699 adults who smoked cigarettes at wave 1, a total of 560 (9.8%) reported smoking abstinence at wave 4. Compared with nonuse at both waves, daily vaping at both waves [risk ratio (RR) = 3.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.59-5.64] and non-use at wave 2 followed by daily vaping at wave 3 (RR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.66-3.77) were positively associated with smoking abstinence; non-daily vaping at both waves was inversely associated with smoking abstinence (RR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.11-0.75). Results persisted after accounting for misclassification of e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking abstinence and after restricting to participants with plans to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS In a US cohort of adult smokers, longitudinal patterns of vaping frequency appear to predict smoking abstinence, even after accounting for several sources of systematic error. Consistent daily vaping is associated with increased chances of cigarette smoking abstinence, while consistent non-daily vaping is associated with decreased chances of smoking abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa F. Harlow
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health SciencesInstitute for Addiction ScienceLos AngelesCAUSA,Department of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Andrew C. Stokes
- Department of Global HealthBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Daniel R. Brooks
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA,Department of MedicineBoston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health SciencesInstitute for Addiction ScienceLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Rob S. McConnell
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health SciencesInstitute for Addiction ScienceLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Jessica L. Barrington‐Trimis
- University of Southern California, Department of Population and Public Health SciencesInstitute for Addiction ScienceLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Craig S. Ross
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
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12
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Le HTT, Tran ATV, Nguyen AQ, Tran TTT. E-Cigarette Use among University Students from One University in Hanoi, Vietnam, and Associated Factors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:3649-3655. [PMID: 36444576 PMCID: PMC9930945 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.11.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe the use of e-cigarettes and factors associated with e-cigarette use among university students from one university in Vietnam in 2021. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 554 full-time undergraduate students recruiting for the study. Data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors with significant association with students' use of e-cigarettes. RESULTS The study revealed that 13.2% of students were current users. Students who had e-cigarette smokers in the family (aOR=6.1, 95% CI: 2.5-15.4; p<0.001), used traditional cigarettes (aOR=23.6, 95% CI: 10.5-53.4; p<0.001), consumed alcohol (aOR=5, 95%CI: 1.6 - 15.9; p<0.01), were exposed to e-cigarette advertising (aOR=2.6; 95%CI: 1.1-5.9; p<0.01), and had inadequate knowledge about e-cigarettes (aOR=2.2; 95%CI: 1-4.7; p<0.01) were more likely to use e-cigarettes. CONCLUSION This study updates the status of e-cigarette use among students in one university in Vietnam, thereby suggesting strategies to reduce the use of e-cigarettes among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Thanh Le
- Nguyen Quynh Anh, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang, Duc Thang Ward, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Anh Thi Van Tran
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Hanoi 100000 Viet Nam.
| | - Anh Quynh Nguyen
- Nguyen Quynh Anh, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang, Duc Thang Ward, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam. ,For Correspondence:
| | - Thuy Thi Thu Tran
- Nguyen Quynh Anh, Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang, Duc Thang Ward, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
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13
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Blondino CT, Prom-Wormley EC. A network approach to substance use, internalizing, and externalizing comorbidity in U.S. adults. Addict Behav 2022; 134:107421. [PMID: 35878503 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Use of conventional cigarettes (CIG), alcohol, marijuana, and sedatives [i.e., benzodiazepines and barbiturates]) commonly co-occur with internalizing and externalizing disorders. It is unclear how these relationships extend to electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) and prescription drugs not prescribed (i.e., sedatives, tranquilizers, and painkillers [PDNP]), and whether they differ by gender. METHODS Adult data (N = 30,211) from Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study were used to estimate a network of current or past-month use for six substances, experiencing four internalizing symptoms in the past month, and experiencing seven externalizing symptoms in the past month. Visual comparisons, global strength invariance, network structure invariance, and edge strength invariance were tested to detail substance use and internalizing/externalizing symptom networks. RESULTS Overall, networks were consistent between men and women. The strongest substance use/mental health symptom connections estimated as edge-weights (EW) were between marijuana with lying (EW = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.49; 0.70), marijuana with engaging in fights (EW = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.27; 0.81), PDNP with having trouble sleeping (EW = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.40; 0.66), and alcohol and impulsivity (EW = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.42; 0.53). DISCUSSION There were many weak connections throughout the substance use and internalizing/externalizing network. A few important connections were identified and encourage future study. In particular, PDNP was most strongly associated with internalizing symptoms. Marijuana, alcohol and PDNP use were most strongly associated with externalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney T Blondino
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 830 East Main Street, PO Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Prom-Wormley
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 830 East Main Street, PO Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA.
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14
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Zhang C, Ma W, Chen Z, He C, Zhang Y, Tao Q. The Association between Spicy Food Consumption and Psychological Health in Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214508. [PMID: 36364771 PMCID: PMC9655525 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsaicin is the main active ingredient in chili peppers and spicy food. Animal studies provide contradictory results on the role of capsaicin in psychiatric disorders. There are no epidemiological studies to investigate the relationship between spicy food consumption and psychological health. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. Psychological health was assessed with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and spicy food consumption was assessed as frequency, strength, and duration of consumption. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine the associations between spicy food consumption and psychological symptoms. RESULTS Our sample comprised 1771 participants (male = 674, mean age = 21.97 years). The odds of having depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms were 34.0%, 46.5%, and 19.1% in Chinese college students, respectively. After adjusting for a series of covariates, compared with non-consumers, the odds ratios (ORs) of depressive symptoms across spicy food consumption were 1.13 (95% CI: 0.87-1.46) for 1-2 days/week and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.02-1.86) for ≥3 days/week. With regard to anxiety symptoms, the ORs were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.27) for 1-2 days/week and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.13-1.99) for ≥3 days/week. For stress symptoms, the ORs were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.66-1.23) for 1-2 days/week and 1.27 (95% CI: 0.89-1.80) for ≥3 days/week. The ORs for the depressive symptoms associated with different intensities of spicy food consumption were 1.00 (reference) for the reference group (non-consumers), 1.17 (95% CI: 0.90-1.52) for eating weakly spicy food, and 1.34 (95% CI: 1.01-1.78) for moderately to strongly spicy food. CONCLUSION The findings suggested a positive association between frequently spicy food consumption and depressive/anxiety symptoms in adolescents, and no such association was found for stress symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchao Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenhao Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chaoqun He
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Division of Medical Psychology and Behavior Science, School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-8522-0267
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15
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Smith PH, Ward RM, Bartoszek LA, Branscum PW. College students' patterns of electronic nicotine delivery system use and other substance use. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1882-1888. [PMID: 33151843 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1841210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use on college campuses increased dramatically in recent years. Little is known about how ENDS use among college students relates to other substance use. Participants: Undergraduates (n = 3,917) at a mid-sized Midwestern public university in the United States. Methods: Cross-sectional survey data and latent class analysis of ENDS, cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and non-medical use of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication. Results: Over 95% of ENDS users fit into one of two classes comprising a minority of college students engaged in multiple and often problematic substance use behaviors. Only 4% of ENDS users were grouped into a class comprising 85% of the sample and characterized by either little/no substance use or moderate alcohol consumption. Conclusions: ENDS use in this sample was not indicative of general exploration with substances, nor was it indicative of isolated tobacco use, but rather more heavy and problematic substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip H Smith
- Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
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16
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Struik LL, O'Loughlin EK, Riglea T, O'Loughlin JL. Predictors of past-year e-cigarette use among young adults. Prev Med Rep 2022; 29:101965. [PMID: 36161135 PMCID: PMC9502288 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictors of past-year e-cigarette use among young adults at age 30 were studied. Data was drawn from the Nicotine Dependence In Teens (NDIT) cohort. Male sex, friends smoke, tobacco and substance use, and impulsivity predicted use. Higher education and very good/excellent self-rated health were protective. These factors warrant consideration in public health efforts.
Understanding the underpinnings of e-cigarette use among young adults is critical to addressing increasing uptake. We identified predictors of past-year e-cigarette use among young adults in Montreal, Canada. Data on potential predictors were available for 714 young adults participating in the ongoing Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study at age 20 in 2007–08. Past-year e-cigarette use was measured at age 30 in 2017–20. Each potential predictor was studied in a separate multivariable logistic regression model controlling for age, sex, and educational attainment. Male sex, friends who smoke, cigarette smoking, use of other tobacco products, alcohol use, use of marijuana, and impulsivity predicted past-year e-cigarette use. Higher educational attainment and very good/excellent self-rated health were protective. Program and policy makers will need to consider these predictors of e-cigarette use in the design of clinical and public health interventions targeting e-cigarette use in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Struik
- School of Nursing, Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V1V7, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| | - Erin K. O'Loughlin
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2W6, Canada
- Carrefour de l’innovation et de l’évaluation en santé, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Tour Saint-Antoine, 850 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Teodora Riglea
- Carrefour de l’innovation et de l’évaluation en santé, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Tour Saint-Antoine, 850 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. O'Loughlin
- Carrefour de l’innovation et de l’évaluation en santé, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Tour Saint-Antoine, 850 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, 7101 ave du Parc, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
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17
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Choo J, Noh S, Moon J, Park J, Jeoung Y, Song W. Intention to quit electronic cigarette smoking among university students who are e-cigarette users. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35882069 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify factors that are significantly associated with the intention to quit electronic cigarette smoking (ECS) at multiple, ecological levels among university students. PARTICIPANTS 365 students who were e-cigarette users from Seoul metropolitan areas, South Korea. METHODS A cross-sectional study through an online survey. RESULTS Of participants, 62.7% had the intention to quit ECS-17.2% within one month, 14.0% within six months, and 31.5% when the time is right. Factors significantly associated with the intention to quit ECS were identified: "device type," "a shorter duration of ECS," and "having started ECS for quitting traditional cigarette smoking" at the intrapersonal-level; "negative attitudes of either peers or family members toward ECS" at the interpersonal-level; and "exposure to community smoking cessation educations" at the community-level. CONCLUSIONS Approximately one-thirds of university e-cigarette users had no intention to quit ECS. The factors identified should be integrated into university level, behavioral smoking cessation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Choo
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Songwhi Noh
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Moon
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinah Park
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Jeoung
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonji Song
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Holt LJ, Ginley MK, Pingeon C, Feinn R. Primed for positive perceptions? Applying the acquired preparedness model to explain college students' e-cigarette use and dependence. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35816741 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2089846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE College students use electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) more often than any other US demographic group. In a novel application of the acquired preparedness model, we examined how proximal (e.g., cognitions) and distal (e.g., dispositional) influences accounted for ENDS use and dependence. PARTICIPANTS Undergraduates (N = 1075; 72% female, 74% White) from seven US campuses completed an online survey between October 2019-March 2020. METHODS We modeled ENDS use and dependence, respectively, as zero-inflated Poisson distributions with impulsivity as an independent variable and perceived risks and benefits of e-cigarettes as mediators. RESULTS Students higher in impulsivity perceived more benefits and, in turn, reported greater ENDS use and dependence. Curiosity and friends' use motivated ENDS initiation; stress management and nicotine motivated continued use. CONCLUSIONS ENDS interventions should be tailored to students higher in impulsivity, as they hold more favorable perceptions of ENDS, and should enhance skills to manage stress and nicotine cravings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard Feinn
- Frank H. Netter School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, Connecticut, USA
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19
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Masaki K, Taketa RM, Nakama MK, Kawamoto CT, Pokhrel P. Relationships Between Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, Impulsivity and Cigarette and E-cigarette Use Among Young Adults. HAWAI'I JOURNAL OF HEALTH & SOCIAL WELFARE 2022; 81:51-57. [PMID: 35261985 PMCID: PMC8899082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety have been associated with cigarette use among young people. Higher impulsivity has also been associated with increased smoking behavior. However, relatively less is known about the associations between depression, anxiety, impulsivity and e-cigarette use and how these associations compare with the associations between depression, anxiety, impulsivity and cigarette smoking. In addition, little is known about how impulsivity influences the relationships between depression, anxiety, cigarette, and e-cigarette use. This study tested the hypothesis that higher depression and anxiety symptoms are associated with higher e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking in a similar way, and that these associations would be stronger among those with higher impulsivity. A sample of 2,622 young adults (18-25 year olds; 54% women) enrolled in 4-year and 2-year colleges in Hawai'i participated in a cross-sectional survey. Approximately 68% of the sample reported no use of either e-cigarettes or cigarettes, 13% reported only e-cigarette use, 9% reported only cigarette smoking, and 11% reported use of both. The study found that higher depressive and anxiety symptoms and higher impulsivity were significantly associated with current cigarette and e-cigarette use. For example, one unit increases in depression, anxiety, and impulsivity were associated with 34%, 17%, and 38% increased odds of e-cigarette use versus non-use, respectively. Impulsivity was found to significantly moderate the association between higher anxiety and higher cigarette smoking, such that the association was stronger among those with higher impulsivity. Impulsivity was not found to moderate any other association. Results suggest that tobacco product use prevention education should target children and young adults with higher internalizing symptoms, with particular attention to those who show higher impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Masaki
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Rachel M. Taketa
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Mark K. Nakama
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Crissy T. Kawamoto
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
| | - Pallav Pokhrel
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI
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20
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Martinez-Loredo V, González-Roz A, Dawkins L, Singh D, Murphy JG, MacKillop J. Is E-cigarette Use Associated With Persistence or Discontinuation of Combustible Cigarettes? A 24-Month Longitudinal Investigation in Young Adult Binge Drinkers. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:962-969. [PMID: 35176769 PMCID: PMC9199943 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It remains unclear whether electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use promotes persistent combustible tobacco use or smoking discontinuation over time. Alcohol use is associated with a greater risk of adverse health effects of tobacco, and higher likelihood of e-cigarette use, making drinkers a high-priority subpopulation. AIMS AND METHODS This study examined longitudinal patterns of combustible tobacco and e-cigarette use over 24 months in young adult binge drinkers. A pooled dataset of 1002 (58.5% female; M age = 22.14) binge drinkers from the United States (60%) and Canada (40%) was used. The primary outcomes were past month combustible tobacco and e-cigarette use. Nicotine dependence was measured using the Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence. Alcohol severity was measured using the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. Latent transition analysis (LTA) was used to identify patterns of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use over 24 months. RESULTS The LTA yielded a four-class solution: (1) e-cigarettes-only users (prevalence over time: 7.75%-10.10%), (2) dual-product users (2.61%-9.89%), (3) combustible-only smokers (8.12%-20.70%), and (4) nonusers (61.66%-80.06%). Dual-product users predominantly transitioned to complete abstinence or exclusively e-cigarette use. In combustible-only smokers, the most common transition was to abstinence, followed by persistence of combustible-only status. At 24 months, 63% of e-cigarettes-only users transitioned to abstinence, with 37% continuing e-cigarettes-only use and 0% transitioning to dual or combustible cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS Dual-product use in young adult binge drinkers was associated with discontinuation of combustible tobacco over time, and e-cigarette-only use was not associated with subsequent combustible tobacco use. IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that concurrent or exclusive e-cigarette use is not a risk factor for the persistence or development of combustible tobacco use in this subpopulation, with dual-product use reflecting a transitional pattern away from combustible use, toward discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Martinez-Loredo
- Corresponding Author: Víctor Martínez Loredo, PhD, Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, C/ Ciudad escolar s/n, 44003 Teruel, Aragón, Spain. Telephone: +34 978-61-81-54; E-mail:
| | - Alba González-Roz
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lynne Dawkins
- Department of Psychology, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Desmond Singh
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James G Murphy
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton/McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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21
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Striley CW, Nutley SK, Hoeflich CC. E-cigarettes and non-suicidal self-injury: Prevalence of risk behavior and variation by substance inhaled. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:911136. [PMID: 36147965 PMCID: PMC9485578 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.911136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine and cannabis inhalation through vaping or electronic delivery systems has surged among young adults in the United States, particularly during the coronavirus disease pandemic. Tobacco and marijuana use are associated with select adverse mental health outcomes, including symptoms of major depressive disorder and suicidal behaviors. Given the need for addiction specialists to treat problematic substance use with an integrated approach, the association between non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and use of e-cigarettes, tobacco, marijuana, and alcohol was examined among a diverse sample of college students. METHODS Healthy Minds Study data from 47,016 weighted observations, collected from college students in the 2018-2019 academic year, was used to explore associations between NSSI-related behaviors and past 30-day use of a vaping product (nicotine or marijuana). These relationships were assessed among those using vaping products only, and then among individuals using vaping products and alcohol, conventional cigarettes, and/or marijuana. Hierarchical logistic regression models estimating the relationship between vaping and NSSI were computed to adjust for the effects of demographic factors, symptomatology of psychiatric disorders, and concurrent use of other substances. RESULTS A fifth (22.9%) of respondents disclosed past 12-month NSSI; they were significantly more likely to screen positive for depression or anxiety compared to young adults without NSSI. Rates of using vaping products, conventional cigarettes, marijuana, or other substances were higher among students with NSSI even after controlling for potential cofounders. Additionally, students who used a THC-based liquid in their e-cigarettes were more likely to endorse NSSI in comparison to those who used "just flavoring." However, young adults who vaped were less likely to disclose frequent NSSI-related behaviors than their peers who did not vape. CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed an association between past 12-month NSSI and past 30-day vaping in a sample of young adults. Further surveillance among college populations and examination of potential sociodemographic confounders is necessary to confirm these findings and advance the substance use and addiction field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine W Striley
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sara K Nutley
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Carolin C Hoeflich
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health & Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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22
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Walsh BE, Williams CM, Zale EL. Expectancies for and Pleasure from Simultaneous Alcohol and E-Cigarette Use among Young Adults. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:2101-2109. [PMID: 36331140 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2136495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background: Young adults' use of alcohol and e-cigarettes are of public health concern, as they report among the highest prevalence for use of both substances. Many young adults use alcohol and e-cigarettes simultaneously (i.e., at the same time with overlapping effects) despite heightened risk for adverse effects. Objectives: This study assessed simultaneous use expectancies and changes in pleasure from e-cigarettes as a function of alcohol consumption and simultaneous use frequency. Participants (N = 408; Mage = 23.64 years; 52.7% female) recruited through Amazon MTurk completed measures of alcohol and e-cigarette use, and expectancies, pleasure and frequency of simultaneous use. Results: Separate linear regression models revealed that alcohol consumption was positively associated with expectancies for simultaneous use of e-cigarettes/alcohol and pleasure from simultaneous use (ps ≤ .015). As individuals engaged in simultaneous use more frequently, they also reported greater expectancies for, and increased pleasure from, simultaneous use (ps < .001). Conclusions/Importance: Expectancies for simultaneous use may be greatest among young adults who consume more alcohol and engage in simultaneous use more frequently. Increased pleasure from e-cigarettes while drinking suggests that positive reinforcement may be implicated in simultaneous use patterns. Future research should examine the role of pleasure in simultaneous use trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan E Walsh
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Callon M Williams
- Department of Psychology, Harpur College of Arts & Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Emily L Zale
- Department of Psychology, Harpur College of Arts & Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
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Blondino CT, Clifford JS, Lu J, Prom-Wormley EC. The association between internalizing and externalizing severity with current use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and alcohol in adults: Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. Addict Behav 2021; 119:106890. [PMID: 33901812 PMCID: PMC9294613 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concurrent tobacco/alcohol use is common in adults, and associated with the severity of symptoms experienced by those with mental health disorders. However, few studies have explored this relationship across different combinations of tobacco products [i.e., conventional cigarette (CC) and electronic cigarette (EC)] and alcohol. METHODS Data from the Wave 1 (2013-2014) Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study were used. A total of 15,947 adults aged 18 years or older with complete study information were included. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between lifetime internalizing/externalizing severity and past 30-day use of tobacco and alcohol, adjusting for nicotine dependence (ND), sex, age, race, education, and income. RESULTS Internalizing severity was more strongly associated with CC and alcohol use (moderate AOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.22-1.77; high AOR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.03-1.61) as well as alcohol-exclusive use (moderate AOR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.27-1.96; high AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.05-1.64) while externalizing severity was more strongly associated with EC and alcohol use (high AOR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.84-4.81, moderate AOR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.53-3.43) when accounting for ND compared to none. The relationship between externalizing severity with EC use was dependent on alcohol being used with EC. CONCLUSIONS The associations between psychopathology (internalizing vs. externalizing severity) varies by different combinations of alcohol, CC, and EC. Further, these relationships may be mediated through ND. Future investigations into the comorbidity between mental disorder symptoms with tobacco and alcohol use should consider use of specific substances as well as their combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney T Blondino
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 830 East Main Street, PO Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA.
| | - James S Clifford
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 830 East Main Street, PO Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA
| | - Juan Lu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 830 East Main Street, PO Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Prom-Wormley
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 830 East Main Street, PO Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA
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Escoto A, Watkins SL, Welter T, Beecher S. Developing a targeted e-cigarette health communication campaign for college students. Addict Behav 2021; 117:106841. [PMID: 33588289 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-cigarette use among college students has increased over the last several years, however, there are few published studies on e-cigarette interventions designed to prevent the initiation and escalation of e-cigarette use and to empower cessation for this population. METHODS We developed an e-cigarette health communication campaign for a large Midwestern university through collaboration between academic and student service departments. We conducted focus group discussions (7 groups; 4-25 per group; n = 98) to (a) understand the context of e-cigarette use on campus and (b) solicit feedback on sample messaging. We conducted thematic analysis using focus group notes and used findings to design final campaign messages and materials. RESULTS Six themes emerged: (a) vaping as a popular social activity, (b) progression to and perceptions of addiction, (c) cessation, (d) health effects and uncertainty, (e) intervention points, and (f) individual agency and message tone. Final campaign messages addressed the most salient points from the focus groups and were designed to increase the perceived susceptibility to and severity of risks of e-cigarette use and to increase perceived efficacy for quitting in accord with the Extended Parallel Processing Model (EPPM). Campaign messages and materials were integrated into wellness programming and disseminated across the university and community. CONCLUSIONS Our focus group discussions allowed campaign messages and materials to be tailored to college students. Collaborative approaches between academic and wellness programs can leverage scientific expertise and student services infrastructure to enhance programming on college campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Escoto
- Division of Child and Community Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Shannon Lea Watkins
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Trisha Welter
- Student Wellness, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Steph Beecher
- Student Wellness, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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Garrett PI, Honeycutt SC, Marston C, Allen N, Barraza AG, Dewey M, Turner B, Peterson AM, Hillhouse TM. Nicotine-free vapor inhalation produces behavioral disruptions and anxiety-like behaviors in mice: Effects of puff duration, session length, sex, and flavor. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 206:173207. [PMID: 34019915 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Electronic-cigarette's (ECIGs) popularity has grown over the last decade and changed the way individuals administer nicotine. Preclinical research is imperative for understanding the addictive properties and health-risks associated with ECIG use; however, there is not a standard dosing regimen used across research laboratories. The main objective was to determine how vapor puff durations, administration session length, and flavored e-liquid alter general and mood-disorder related behaviors while providing a foundation of vapor administration parameters. Adult male and female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to several nicotine-free unflavored vapor puff durations (1, 3, 6, or 10 s) and vapor administration session lengths (10 and 30 min) then measured on the following assays: locomotor activity (LMA), tail suspension test (TST), and light-dark test. The effects of mecamylamine and the time-course of vapor-induced depression of LMA also were assessed. Additionally, mice were exposed to flavored (strawberry and adventurers tobacco blend) vapor inhalation and measured on locomotor activity, tail suspension test, and light-dark test. Following both 10 and 30 min vapor administration session, there was a puff duration-dependent decrease in distance traveled, time in center, and rearing. The vapor-induced depression of LMA was not mediated by nicotine or nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation and lasted 60-90 min. The 10 s puff duration produced an anxiogenic-like effect in the light-dark test by decreasing the time spent in the light side. Vapor inhalation did not significantly alter TST behavior. No significant effects of sex or flavor were found. The anxiogenic-like effects of nicotine-free vapor inhalation are concerning as many adolescents vape nicotine-free flavored e-liquid, and there is an association between ECIGs and mood disorders. Additionally, these studies demonstrate that vapor puff duration, but not vapor administration session length, is an important variable to consider during research design as it can become a confounding variable and alter baseline behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick I Garrett
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Sarah C Honeycutt
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Clarissa Marston
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Nicole Allen
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Allyson G Barraza
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Megan Dewey
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Breeann Turner
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Ashley M Peterson
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Todd M Hillhouse
- Department of Psychological Science, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Green Bay, Green Bay, WI, USA.
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Mayorga NA, Rogers AH, Smit T, Garey L, Zvolensky MJ. Evaluating the psychometric properties of the e-cigarette barriers to cessation scale. Cogn Behav Ther 2021; 50:492-508. [PMID: 33910485 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2021.1901773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users have difficulty quitting e-cigarettes. The Electronic Cigarette Barriers to Cessation Scale (E-BCS) was developed to assess barriers to cessation among e-cigarette users. Yet, no work has evaluated the psychometric properties of the E-BCS. The current study utilized data from two independent samples of adult e-cigarette users to evaluate the psychometric properties and structure of the E-BCS. In Study 1, competing models of the E-BCS were evaluated, and initial construct validity and reliability were explored using data from 599 adult e-cigarettes users (52.3% female, Mage = 35.16 years, SD = 10.30). Results supported a unidimensional structure for the E-BCS comprised of 18 items. In Study 2, the unidimensional structure of the 18-item E-BCS and construct validity were evaluated among a sample of 516 current e-cigarette using adults (52.3% female; Mage = 34.74, SD = 11.37). Results confirmed the unidimensional structure, measurement invariance across sex, and construct validity across related e-cigarette behavior constructs and psychopathology for the E-BCS. These findings suggest that the E-BCS is a potentially useful clinical instrument for measuring barriers that may interfere with e-cigarette cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nubia A Mayorga
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew H Rogers
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tanya Smit
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Underner M, Perriot J, Brousse G, de Chazeron I, Schmitt A, Peiffer G, Afshari R, Ebrahimighavam S, Jaafari N. [Contribution of electronic cigarettes in smoking patients with psychotic disorders. A literature review]. L'ENCEPHALE 2021; 47:452-460. [PMID: 33863511 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic literature review focused on patients suffering from schizophrenia (SZ), psychotic disorders or mental illness (MI) including SZ. It was interested in data on prevalence of electronic cigarette (EC) use, patient perceptions and expectations, as well as caregivers' attitudes towards the EC and its benefit in helping to stop or reduce smoking. METHOD The research was carried out on Medline for the period 2000-2020. Cross-sectional, case-control, prospective, randomized controlled studies and preliminary studies were included in this review. RESULTS EC is widely used by MI patients with current and lifetime use from 7.4% to 28.6%. More specifically, patients with SZ and schizoaffective disorders observe current and lifetime use from 7% to 36%, respectively. Many reasons are given by patients for its use including the possibility of using it in places where smoking is prohibited, its lower toxicity compared to cigarettes for oneself and those around, its lower cost, and the help provided to reduce consumption. CONCLUSION EC is used by smokers with MI; several studies confirm the possibility for these smokers to reduce tobacco consumption through EC and without disturbing their mental state. However, its value in helping to quit smoking remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Underner
- Unité de recherche clinique Pierre-Deniker, centre hospitalier Henri-Laborit, université de Poitiers, 370, avenue Jacques-Cœur, CS 10587, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France.
| | - J Perriot
- Dispensaire Émile-Roux, centre de tabacologie, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Brousse
- Service de psychiatrie-addictologie, CMP-B CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - I de Chazeron
- Service de psychiatrie-addictologie, CMP-B CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Schmitt
- Service de psychiatrie-addictologie, CMP-B CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Peiffer
- Service de pneumologie, CHR Metz-Thionville, 57038 Metz, France
| | - R Afshari
- Unité de recherche clinique Pierre-Deniker, centre hospitalier Henri-Laborit, université de Poitiers, 370, avenue Jacques-Cœur, CS 10587, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France; Prevention of social harms and substance use disorders center, Shiraz university of medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Ebrahimighavam
- Unité de recherche clinique Pierre-Deniker, centre hospitalier Henri-Laborit, université de Poitiers, 370, avenue Jacques-Cœur, CS 10587, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France; Département de psychologie de l'éducation, faculté de psychologie et de sciences de l'éducation, université Allameh Tabataba'i, Téhéran, Iran
| | - N Jaafari
- Unité de recherche clinique Pierre-Deniker, centre hospitalier Henri-Laborit, université de Poitiers, 370, avenue Jacques-Cœur, CS 10587, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France
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Hershberger AR, Studebaker A, Whitt ZT, Fillmore M, Kahler CW, Cyders MA. An Experimental Test of the Relationship between Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Use and Alcohol Consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:808-818. [PMID: 33547653 PMCID: PMC8076069 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing research shows that the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is associated with a higher rate and quantity of alcohol consumption. METHODS The present study used a 2-session, within-subjects design to experimentally examine the relationship between ENDS use and laboratory ad libitum alcohol consumption. A total of N = 31 (mean age = 28.71, SD = 11.17; 45.2% women; 54.8% White/Caucasian) healthy adults from the community who use ENDS and endorsed liking beer completed the study, which included a beer consumption taste-test task that assessed the volume of beer consumed by the participants across 2 counterbalanced sessions: 1 in which concurrent ENDS use was allowed and 1 in which it was not. All analyses controlled for age, race, and gender. RESULTS The effect of ENDS condition on the volume of beer consumed was not statistically significant, F(1, 30) = 0.03, p = 0.86). Results of linear mixed modeling showed that ENDS puffs were significantly related to alcohol sips (estimate = 0.23, SE = 0.07, p = 0.002) across the ad libitum session. CONCLUSIONS Overall, ENDS use did not increase alcohol consumption; however, the data suggest that ENDS puffs might act as a prime for beer sips or that these 2 behaviors are linked through habit. Future studies should more fully measure and compare global and event-level data on ENDS and alcohol use as they might show disparate patterns of relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Studebaker
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis
| | - Zachary T. Whitt
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis
| | - Mark Fillmore
- Departmet of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Christopher W. Kahler
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Melissa A. Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis
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Lozano A, Liu F, Lee TK, Prado G, Schwartz SJ, Leventhal AM, Kelleghan AR, Unger JB, Barrington-Trimis JL. Bidirectional associations between e-cigarette use and alcohol use across adolescence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 220:108496. [PMID: 33461153 PMCID: PMC8320369 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence on prospective bidirectional associations between e-cigarette and alcohol use among adolescents can inform prevention and policy but is largely absent from the literature. METHODS Data were drawn from a prospective cohort of students attending 10 Los Angeles high schools (N = 3396; baseline mean age = 14.1, SD = 0.4). Students completed surveys every 6-months from 2013 to 2017; 8 total waves. Analyses were restricted to (a) individuals who were never users of alcohol (N = 2394) or (b) individuals who were never users of e-cigarettes (N = 2704) at baseline. Repeated-measures, generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate the adjusted odds of past 6-month alcohol and e-cigarette initiation, in separate models. RESULTS Among alcohol never-users at baseline, 15.7 % (N = 375) initiated alcohol use over the study period. Compared to never-users of e-cigarettes, those who reported use of e-cigarettes had 3.5 times the odds of subsequently initiating alcohol use in the following wave (OR = 3.54; 95 % CI: 2.81, 4.47). Stronger associations were observed for males (OR = 4.94; 95 % CI: 3.78, 6.45) than for females (OR = 3.21; 95 % CI: 2.33, 4.41; pinteraction = 0.04). Among e-cigarette never-users at baseline, 26.3 % (N = 709) initiated e-cigarette use over the study period. Compared to never-users of alcohol, those who reported use of alcohol had 3.2 times the odds of subsequently initiating e-cigarette use in the following wave (OR = 3.23; 95 % CI: 2.68, 3.89). This association did not differ by gender. CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette and alcohol use can be markers to identify youth at risk for future alcohol and e-cigarette use, respectively. Research examining mechanisms underlying these associations is needed to infer causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Lozano
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Tae Kyoung Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Guillermo Prado
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33143, USA
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Departments of Kinesiology, Health Education, and Counseling Psychology, College of Education, University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Stop D5000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Annemarie R Kelleghan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 S. McClintock Ave. SGM 501, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Jessica L Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Samuolis J, Morgan KD, Greer AE, Diaz G, Elimanco K. Simultaneous Use of Alcohol and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems among College Students: Vaping History, Motivations for Use, and Outcome Expectancies. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:674-682. [PMID: 33648428 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1887256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Simultaneous polydrug use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and alcohol among college students is not well understood despite high rates of vaping and alcohol use among this population. The current study examined rates of simultaneous use and compared demographic characteristics, vaping history, motivations for initiating use, and outcome expectancies based on polydrug use status. Methods: An online and paper-and pencil questionnaire was administered to undergraduate students at a university in the northeast of the U.S. Purposive sampling strategies were used and a raffle was offered to incentivize participation. Results: Simultaneous polydrug use was prevalent in the sample of 670 college students, with 55.6% reporting simultaneous and non-simultaneous use, 34.0% reporting simultaneous use only, and 10.4% reporting non-simultaneous use only. An examination of differences based on polydrug use status indicated that students who reported simultaneous and non-simultaneous use were more likely to be males, report vaping daily, and endorse a wide range of motivations for use. Students who engaged in simultaneous use only were more likely to be females, indicate a social contextual-related motivation for initiating use, and had higher scores on appetite control, emotion regulation, and taste sensation outcome expectancies. Students who engaged in non-simultaneous use only were more likely to be nonwhite students and report the lowest expectation of health risks. Conclusions: The findings reveal differences based on simultaneous polydrug use status that can be informative in the development of contextually relevant prevention programming. Future research is needed to further explore simultaneous use of ENDS and alcohol.
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Wattick RA, Olfert IM, Olfert MD. Psychosocial Factors Associated with E-Cigarette Use among Young Adults in a 4-Year University in Appalachia. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1182-1189. [PMID: 33941034 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1914102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In order to determine methods to reduce vaping prevalence, motivations for use and co-occurring health behaviors and disorders need to be determined. This study investigated vaping characteristics and associated health behaviors in a young adult Appalachian college population. METHODS Students attending an Appalachian university were invited to participate in an online survey measuring their use of e-cigarettes, motivations for use, mental health, and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). Analysis included prevalence of e-cigarette use and associations between e-cigarette use and Appalachian identity, mental health, and ACEs. RESULTS Participants (N = 3398) stated that the most common motivator for using e-cigarettes was to decrease stress, followed by the good taste, friends' usage, and wanting to quit cigarettes. E-cigarette use was associated with alcohol use, anxiety, depression, stress, and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and these variables were placed into a full logistic regression model, in which anxiety and stress were no longer significant, and alcohol use was the strongest association (OR 1.36 95% CI 1.35-1.42, p<.0001).Conclusions/importance: Findings demonstrate a need for efforts to reduce e-cigarette use to focus on the co-use of alcohol, co-occurring mental health disorders, and the social and enjoyment motivations for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Wattick
- Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - I Mark Olfert
- School of Medicine, Department of Human Performance and Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Melissa D Olfert
- Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Waldron KA, Mallett KA, Turrisi RJ, Reavy R, Wolfe E, Plisiewicz A. Motivations to combine alcohol and nicotine in college students: A validation of the Alcohol and Nicotine Motives Scale. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106645. [PMID: 32957004 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on combining alcohol and nicotine (ALCNIC) has shown this risky behavior results in significantly more consequences than using either alcohol or nicotine alone. No measures currently exist to assess ALCNIC motives limiting intervention and prevention efforts. The present study developed a psychometrically sound and multidimensional measure of ALCNIC motives (the ANMS). METHODS An initial item pool of ALCNIC items was developed from literature on college student drinking, focus groups, and individual interviews. Study 1 involved students from a northeastern university who completed an online survey on the ALCNIC items (N = 55; 57.1% female; Mage = 20.3). Analysis focused on reliability (exploratory factor analysis). Study 2 involved a cross-validation national sample of college students (N = 336; 49.7% female; Mage = 21.2) completing the same survey items. Confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity (ALCNIC/weekend drinking), and discriminant validity (social desirability) were assessed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Results across two studies revealed three factors to engage in ALCNIC: antagonistic (party longer), synergistic (enhanced effects), and social (peer pressure); and one factor to avoid ALCNIC: negative effects (feeling anxious) (all alphas > 0.7). In study 2, criterion-related validity revealed that synergistic motives were significantly positively associated with ALCNIC use; and negative effects motives were significantly negatively associated with ALCNIC use. Discriminant validity showed ALCNIC subscales were not significantly associated with social desirability (except social). CONCLUSIONS The study developed a reliable and valid measure of motives for ALCNIC use. Results were robust to cross-validation across two samples of college students. These measures provide targets for intervention and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja A Waldron
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA; Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA.
| | - Kimberly A Mallett
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Robert J Turrisi
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA; Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Racheal Reavy
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Erin Wolfe
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Alexa Plisiewicz
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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Wamamili B, Wallace-Bell M, Richardson A, Grace RC, Coope P. Associations of history of mental illness with smoking and vaping among university students aged 18-24 years in New Zealand: Results of a 2018 national cross-sectional survey. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106635. [PMID: 32932103 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data on associations of history of mental illness (HMI) with smoking and vaping in New Zealand (NZ) are lacking. This study examines these associations in university students aged 18-24 years. METHODS Data came from a 2018 national cross-sectional study of university students and included information on demographic characteristics, smoking, vaping and participant health in the previous 12-months. χ2 tests compared patterns of smoking and vaping, and logistic regression assessed associations of HMI with smoking and vaping, controlling for age, gender and ethnicity. An HMI was defined as a diagnosis/treatment for depression, anxiety/nervous disorder, or other mental health condition in the previous 12-months. RESULTS The sample comprised 1293 students: 61.3% aged 18-20; 62.8% female; 7.8% Māori, 92.2% non-Māori, and 18.5% reported an HMI. Smoking: 49.7% (95% CI 47.0-52.5) reported ever, 10.5% (8.9-12.3) current and 5.0% (3.9-6.4) daily smoking. Vaping: 38.7% (36.0-41.4) reported ever, 6.3% (5.1-7.8) current and 1.9% (1.3-2.8) daily vaping. Participants with HMI were significantly more likely to smoke: ever (64.9% vs 46.3%, p < .001), current (15.1% vs 9.5%, p = .011) and daily (7.5% vs 4.5%, p = .050), and vape: ever (49.4% vs 36.3%, p < .001) and current (9.2% vs 5.7%, p = .044) than participants without HMI. The model containing all predictors of HMI was significant, χ2 (5, N = 1293) = 24.09, p < .001. Gender (OR 0.54, (0.4-0.75)), current smoking (OR 1.82, (1.19-2.78)) and current vaping (OR 1.73, (1.02-2.93)) made unique significant contributions to the model. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of smoking and vaping were significantly higher in students with HMI, and there were strong associations between HMI and smoking and vaping.
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No evidence of differences in smoking levels, nicotine dependence, carbon monoxide or motivational indices between cigarette smokers and cigarette + e-cigarette dual users in two samples. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106543. [PMID: 32911351 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Concurrent use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as an alternative source of nicotine may lead to lower smoke exposure, tobacco addiction and reinforcing value of conventional combustible cigarettes. In two different cohorts, we characterized smokers, dual cigarette/e-cigarette users, and e-cigarette-only users in terms of sociodemographic, motives and patterns of e-cigarette use. Differences in smoking-related characteristics and reinforcing value of cigarettes between smokers and e-cigarette dual users were also examined. Two cohorts comprising 339 community adults [Sample 1; aged 18-65] and 293 young adult binge drinkers [Sample 2; aged 19-24] were recruited in Hamilton, Ontario. All participants provided expired carbon monoxide (CO) samples and completed an assessment battery including the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM), and the Cigarette Purchase Task (CPT). In both samples, smoking rate, CO level, FTND, WISDM, and CPT responses did not significantly differ between smokers and dual users. Compared to e-cigarette-only individuals, dual users from the two cohorts reported a greater use of e-cigarettes for quitting smoking, but dual product consumers exhibited no significant differences in motivation for change relative to combustible-only smokers. Relative to smokers, e-cigarette dual users did not show lower levels of smoking, lower severity of cigarette addiction and reinforcing value of cigarettes in these samples. These findings suggest that concurrent e-cigarette use does not affect combustible tobacco use or motivation, or reduce its harms.
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Doxbeck CR, Osberg TM. It's Not All Smoke and Mirrors: The Role of Social Norms, Alcohol Use, and Pandemic Partying in e-Cigarette Use During COVID-19. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1551-1558. [PMID: 34193015 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1942058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
E-cigarette use among college students is increasing. In the era of COVID-19, such usage is especially dangerous given that the virus can be deadly for those with impaired respiratory systems. A small but growing body of research suggests that social norms may predict e-cigarette use. However, one's perception of e-cigarette use behaviors (descriptive norms) and approval by peers (injunctive norms) have yet to be studied in college students. The overarching purpose of this study is to determine whether descriptive and injunctive norms for e-cigarette use contribute unique variance to past 30-day e-cigarette use. Methods: Using a sample of 191 students (138 women) surveyed from introductory-level courses at a university in the northeastern United States, we explored the relationships between student demographic characteristics, alcohol use, binge drinking, COVID-19 non-compliant party attendance on and off campus, and social norms with past 30-day e-cigarette use using sequential regression. Two models were utilized to determine if descriptive and injunctive e-cigarette use norms predicted e-cigarette use after controlling for demographic characteristics in the social norms model, and above and beyond demographics and COVID-19 noncompliant party attendance, alcohol use, and binge drinking in the party behaviors model. Results: The results demonstrated that descriptive and injunctive norms for e-cigarette use significantly predicted e-cigarette use in both models, controlling for all covariates. Conclusions/Importance: Findings highlight the importance of social norms in predicting e-cigarette use during the COVID-19 pandemic, identifying areas for prevention and intervention for public health officials and higher education administrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Doxbeck
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Chavez J, Smit T, Olofsson H, Mayorga NA, Garey L, Zvolensky MJ. Substance Use among Exclusive Electronic Cigarette Users and Dual Combustible Cigarette Users: Extending Work to Adult Users. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:888-896. [PMID: 33726615 PMCID: PMC10032028 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1899234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become increasingly popular in recent years. Existing evidence indicates e-cigarettes used in isolation are less harmful than combustible cigarettes, yet emerging work has demonstrated that adults use e-cigarettes largely in combination with combustible cigarettes (i.e. dual use). Despite this data, little is understood about how exclusive and dual e-cigarette users may differ across behavioral outcomes, such as substance use dependence and behaviors among adults. OBJECTIVES Thus, the current project examined differences in e-cigarette dependence, problematic alcohol use, cannabis use, and nonmedical prescription opioid use (e.g. methadone and oxycodone) across both exclusive and dual e-cigarette adult users. RESULTS Participants included 531 (53.6% female; Mage = 35.29 years, SD = 10.44) adults with past-month e-cigarette use. Dual users reported greater e-cigarette dependence, alcohol use, current cannabis use, and endorsement of nonprescription opioid use. Conclusions/Importance: Importantly, this work suggests that adults who use both combustible and e-cigarettes may constitute a group more vulnerable to experiencing problematic substance use and more severe e-cigarette dependence than exclusive e-cigarette users.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeanFelix Chavez
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tanya Smit
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah Olofsson
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nubia A. Mayorga
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Lanza HI, Motlagh G, Orozco M. E-cigarette use among young adults: A latent class analysis examining co-use and correlates of nicotine vaping. Addict Behav 2020; 110:106528. [PMID: 32679436 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although a significant proportion of young adults report e-cigarette use (nicotine vaping), little is known about co-use with other substances, including correlates that predict co-use. The current study aimed to identify co-occurring substance use patterns and evaluate multiple correlates in a college student sample. METHODS 435 participants (21.4 ± 2.9 years; 57% women; 41% Hispanic/Latina/o, 29% Asian-American/Pacific Islander, 17% Caucasian/White, 6% Multiracial, and 5% African-American/Black) from a large, urban university were recruited in-person and completed an online survey in the fall of 2018 and the spring of 2019. RESULTS Using latent class analysis (LCA), four substance use patterns were identified: Binge Drinkers (7%); e-cigarette Users (8%); Cannabis Users (14%); and Low Substance Users (71%). The e-cigarette Users class was characterized by moderate or greater use (>5 days of nicotine vaping in past 30-days) as well as past 30-day binge drinking and cannabis use. Higher levels of deviant peer affiliation (aOR = 1.28[1.11-1.47], p < .01), impulsivity-lack of premeditation (aOR = 1.36[1.05-1.78], p < .05), and lower levels of social anxiety (aOR = 0.94[0.88-0.99], p < .05), predicted membership in the e-cigarette Users class. CONCLUSIONS The most pervasive co-occurring substance use was observed among the e-cigarette Users class. Young adults reporting moderate or greater levels of nicotine vaping tended to engage in binge drinking and cannabis use, which may ultimately increase risk of deleterious health outcomes. Deviant peer affiliation and impulsivity-lack of premeditation (but not internalizing symptoms) predicted membership in the e-cigarette Users class; consequently, public health efforts may benefit from increased selectivity in targeting young adults for e-cigarette prevention and intervention services.
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Becker TD, Arnold MK, Ro V, Martin L, Rice TR. Systematic Review of Electronic Cigarette Use (Vaping) and Mental Health Comorbidity Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 23:415-425. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The prevalence of electronic cigarette (EC) use has risen dramatically among adolescents and young adults (AYA, ages 12–26) over the past decade. Despite extensive established relationships between combustible cigarette use and mental health problems, the mental health comorbidities of EC use remain unclear.
Aims and Methods
To provide a systematic review of existing literature on mental health comorbidities of EC use among AYA. Database searches using search terms related to EC, AYA, and mental health identified 1168 unique articles, 87 of which prompted full-text screening. Multiple authors extracted data, applied the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool to evaluate the evidence, and synthesized findings.
Results
Forty articles met eligibility criteria (n = 24 predominantly adolescent and 16 predominantly young adult). Analyses yielded three main categories of focus: internalizing disorders (including depression, anxiety, suicidality, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder), externalizing disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder), and transdiagnostic concepts (impulsivity and perceived stress). Significant methodological limitations were noted.
Conclusions
Youth EC use is associated with greater mental health problems (compared with nonuse) across several domains, particularly among adolescents. Because many existing studies are cross-sectional, directionality remains uncertain. Well-designed longitudinal studies to investigate long-term mental health sequelae of EC use remain needed.
Implications
Forty recent studies demonstrate a variety of mental health comorbidities with AYA EC use, particularly among adolescents. Mental health comorbidities of EC use generally parallel those of combustible cigarette use, with a few exceptions. Future EC prevention and treatment strategies may be enhanced by addressing mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Becker
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Melanie K Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Vicky Ro
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Lily Martin
- Levy Library, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Timothy R Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence of E-cigarette Use Among College Students. J Community Health 2020; 46:195-202. [PMID: 32592159 PMCID: PMC7317082 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
E-cigarette use among young adults is a major public health concern. Approximately 17.7–40% of college students have tried or are currently using e-cigarettes. While a few studies have examined e-cigarette use among youth, opportunity exists to understand psychosocial factors that influence college students’ e-cigarette behavior. The main purpose of this study is to examine the associations between the constructs of self-efficacy, knowledge, depression and anxiety symptoms, and e-cigarette use among college students. A retrospective cross-sectional survey (20-items) design was used for data collection. Bivariate analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate associations between the independent variables and the dependent variable. A total of 872 college students between the ages of 18 and 25 completed the survey in Qualtrics. A significant association between gender and frequency of e-cigarette use was found (χ2 = 22.94, p < .001). ANOVA results showed significant relationships between knowledge [F (3, 808) = 9.01, p < 0.001], self-efficacy [F (3, 808) = 4.85, p < 0.01], depression [F (3,808) = 8.31, p < .05], and e-cigarette use. Post hoc analysis revealed students who never used e-cigarettes scored higher on knowledge and self-efficacy than students who used every day, somedays or rarely, indicating never-users have higher knowledge of negative effects associated with e-cigarette use and have higher self-confidence than e-cigarette users. The study’s findings highlight that modifiable factors such as knowledge about harmful effects of e-cigarettes and self-confidence are associated with low e-cigarette use. Interventions could be designed to target these modifiable factors.
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Wang Q. High-intensity binge drinking is associated with cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use among US adults aged 40-64 years: Findings from the 2017 BRFSS survey. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18:54. [PMID: 32587485 PMCID: PMC7309272 DOI: 10.18332/tid/122603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to assess the association of cigarette smoking, including e-cigarette use, with level of binge drinking, especially high-intensity and extreme high-intensity binge drinking, among a nationally representative sample of middle-aged US adults. METHODS Data were derived from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The final sample consisted of 162748 respondents aged 40–64 years (48.7% male). Weighted distributions of sample characteristics were estimated by intensity of binge drinking. Pearson chi-squared tests were used to compare groups. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios to indicate the strength of the association between independent variables and each level of binge drinking. RESULTS In all, 2.3% and 0.7% of the sample reported high-intensity and extreme high-intensity binge drinking, respectively. Past-month high-intensity and extreme high-intensity binge drinking were reported in 36.3% and 45.0% of smokers, respectively. Mental distress was positively associated with both levels of high-intensity binge drinking; having multiple chronic health conditions was negatively associated with past-month high-intensity binge drinking. Smokers had 3.27 (95% CI: 2.69–3.98) and 4.14 (95% CI: 3.12–5.49) times greater odds of reporting past-month high-intensity and extreme high-intensity binge drinking, respectively. E-cigarette users had 1.56 (95% CI: 1.01–2.42) times increased odds of reporting past-month high-intensity binge drinking, but not extreme high-intensity binge drinking. The largest odds were seen among dual users reporting extreme high-intensity binge drinking (AOR=6.05; 95% CI: 3.78–9.68) in the past month. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use were potentially strong risk factors for high-intensity binge drinking, with cigarette smoking associated with extreme high-intensity binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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DeBaker MC, Robinson JM, Moen JK, Wickman K, Lee AM. Differential patterns of alcohol and nicotine intake: Combined alcohol and nicotine binge consumption behaviors in mice. Alcohol 2020; 85:57-64. [PMID: 31557515 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Late adolescence and young adulthood, corresponding to the high school and college years, are vulnerable periods for increased alcohol and nicotine use. The dramatic increase in the prevalence of electronic cigarette use is particularly concerning in these age groups. Late adolescents and young adults are more likely to engage in cycles of binge drug consumption, and alcohol and nicotine are frequently used together. However, there are few data examining the combination of alcohol and nicotine in binge models in animal models. In this study, our objectives were to determine how voluntary nicotine consumption beginning in late adolescence influenced subsequent binge alcohol consumption in young adulthood, how a combination of alcohol and nicotine binge consumption differed from alcohol-only binge consumption, and whether nicotine would be consumed when presented in a binge procedure. Male C57BL/6J mice voluntarily consumed unsweetened alcohol and nicotine in continuous-access bottle-choice procedures in combination with cycles of drinking-in-the-dark. Our results show that experience with voluntary nicotine consumption in late adolescence did not affect subsequent binge alcohol consumption in early adulthood. However, mice that consumed nicotine in adolescence showed an initial decrease in alcohol preference, and consequently increase in nicotine preference, on the first session of combined ethanol and nicotine binge consumption in adulthood compared with mice that drank only water during late adolescence. Lastly, we found that mice readily consumed unsweetened nicotine when presented in a binge procedure, and the level of consumption exceeded the nicotine consumption observed in the combination alcohol and nicotine binge. Our data show that expansion of the patterns of alcohol and nicotine co-consumption in a mouse models is possible, which will enable us to dissect relevant molecular targets underlying these consumption patterns and better inform drug development efforts.
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Hershberger A, Argyriou E, Cyders M. Electronic nicotine delivery system use is related to higher odds of alcohol and marijuana use in adolescents: Meta-analytic evidence. Addict Behav 2020; 105:106325. [PMID: 32092474 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use is associated with other substance use in adolescents; however, the magnitude of this association and whether this differs between adolescents and adults is not yet well understood. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the extent to which ENDS use is associated with alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents and to compare the odds across adolescent samples and a comparison group of adult samples. A comprehensive literature review was conducted examining the relationship between ENDS use and alcohol (adolescent k = 40 from 19 independent studies; adult k = 35 from 12 independent studies) and marijuana (adolescent k = 24 from 14 independent studies; adult k = 6 from 3 independent studies) use. Adolescents who use ENDS had greater odds of reporting co-occurring alcohol use (OR = 4.50, p < .001), particularly binge drinking (OR = 4.51), and marijuana use (OR = 6.04, p < .001) than adolescent who did not use ENDS. Adults who use ENDS were also more likely to use alcohol (OR = 1.57, p < .001) and marijuana (OR = 2.04, p < .001) than those who did not use ENDS. ENDS use was associated with significantly greater odds of alcohol use (log odds ratio; LOR = 0.96 (OR = 2.61), p < .001) and a trend of greater marijuana use (LOR = 0.93 (OR = 2.53), p = 0.08) in adolescents than in adults. Effects were large in adolescents and small in adults. Findings suggest that ENDS use should be assessed in adolescents in both research and clinical settings. Importantly, ENDS use is strongly associated with co-occurring alcohol or marijuana use in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hershberger
- Lexington Veteran's Affairs Health Care System, 2250 Leestown Rd., Lexington, KY, 40511, USA.
| | - Eva Argyriou
- Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Melissa Cyders
- Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Dual use of electronic and conventional cigarettes is associated with higher cardiovascular risk factors in Korean men. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5612. [PMID: 32221375 PMCID: PMC7101350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Most smokers who use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) to stop smoking simultaneously use conventional cigarettes (dual users). We aimed to compare the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among dual users, cigarette-only smokers, and never smokers in Korean men. We used data acquired from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2017) pertaining to 7,505 male participants aged 19 years or older. About 85% of e-cigarette users were dual users. Dual users had greater nicotine dependence and higher urinary cotinine levels than cigarette-only smokers. Dual users had more psychosocial and behavioural risk factors, including perceived high stress, depressive mood, high daily intake of energy, and obesity, than never smokers and cigarette-only smokers. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was higher among dual users, and their multivariate-adjusted prevalence odds ratio for MetS was 2.79 (P < 0.001) compared with never smokers and 1.57 (P = 0.038) compared with cigarette-only smokers. Given that most e-cigarette users are dual users and dual users are more vulnerable to cardiovascular risk factors than cigarette-only smokers and never smokers, more active treatment for smoking cessation and intensive lifestyle interventions for dual users should be considered with priority.
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Ganz O, Rimal RN, Johnson AL, Cohn AM, Horn K, Delnevo CD, Villanti AC. Tobacco use and the interplay of internalizing, externalizing and substance use problems: A latent class analysis of data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107686. [PMID: 31706253 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is disproportionately high among adults with two or more psychiatric disorders (psychiatric comorbidities), yet research on non-cigarette tobacco use among this population is scant. Additionally, most studies on tobacco use this among this population rely on psychiatric diagnoses rather than individual symptoms, potentially excluding individuals with symptom-specific issues that increase their risk for tobacco use but do not meet the criteria for diagnosis. The objectives of this study were to identify unique classes of individuals based on symptoms of psychiatric disorders and to assess differences in demographic characteristics and tobacco use behaviors between classes. METHODS This study used data from Wave 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study adult dataset. Latent class analysis was used to classify individuals based on internalizing, externalizing and substance use problems. Bivariate and multivariable models examined the association between latent class membership and current use of cigarettes, cigar products, electronic nicotine delivery systems, pipe, hookah and smokeless tobacco products. Poly tobacco use was also examined. RESULTS Three latent classes were identified. The "normative" class reported low prevalence of all symptoms, the "severe internalizing and non-violent externalizing" class reported severe internalizing problems and non-violent externalizing problems and the "severe" class reported high prevalence of all symptoms. Tobacco use was highest for the "severe" class and lowest for the "normative" class across products. CONCLUSIONS Individuals in the "severe" class may be at elevated risk of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality and would likely benefit from targeted tobacco control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ollie Ganz
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20052, United States.
| | - Rajiv N Rimal
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20052, United States; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Amanda L Johnson
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 655 Research Parkway, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Amy M Cohn
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 655 Research Parkway, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States; Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd. NW, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Kimberly Horn
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, United States
| | - Cristine D Delnevo
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Andrea C Villanti
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, United States
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Roys MR, Peltier MR, Stewart SA, Waters AF, Waldo KM, Copeland AL. The association between problematic alcohol use, risk perceptions, and e-cigarette use. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2019; 46:224-231. [DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1654486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R. Roys
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Shelby A. Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Aaron F. Waters
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Krystal M. Waldo
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Amy L. Copeland
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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McKelvey K, Halpern-Felsher B. From tobacco-endgame strategizing to Red Queen's race: The case of non-combustible tobacco products. Addict Behav 2019; 91:1-4. [PMID: 30642577 PMCID: PMC6541479 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karma McKelvey
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, 770 Welch Rd., Suite 100, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States.
| | - Bonnie Halpern-Felsher
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, 770 Welch Rd., Suite 100, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States.
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