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Puno A, Kim R, Jeong J, Kim J, Kim R. Intergenerational transmission of intimate partner violence among women: Evidence from the 2017 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey. SSM Popul Health 2023; 23:101392. [PMID: 37691979 PMCID: PMC10492160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) substantially harms women's overall health worldwide. The intergenerational cycle of IPV among women remains underexplored from the perspective of victimization and perpetration, and by types of subsequent IPV. The 2017 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey dataset of 12,248 currently in-union (married or cohabiting) women aged 15 to 49 were utilized in this study. The main exposure variable was measured by the question: "as far as you know, did your father ever beat your mother?". Multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between being ever exposed to parental IPV and (1) women's IPV victimization (by types: any, physical, sexual, and emotional) and (2) IPV perpetration (physical) by women against their husbands or male partners. Further, multinomial logistic regression examined the association between exposure to parental IPV and the experience of being an IPV victim only, perpetrator only, or both. We have found that women who were exposed to parental IPV were more likely to experience IPV victimization (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.9, 2.4 for any IPV; OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 2.0, 2. for physical IPV; OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.6, 2.4 for sexual IPV; and OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.8, 2.2 for emotional IPV), and also perpetrate physical IPV themselves (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.9, 2.4) compared to those unexposed to parental IPV. Moreover, women exposed to parental IPV were three times more likely to be both a perpetrator and a victim of IPV (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 2.7, 3.7), much higher than the odds of being a victim only (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.8, 2.2) or a perpetrator only (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.6, 2.). In summary, exposure to parental IPV was associated with Filipino women being victims and perpetrators of IPV themselves. The integration of violence prevention within parenting and community programs can be considered to prevent the perpetuation of the intergenerational cycle of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Puno
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines
| | - Ranyeong Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joshua Jeong
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinho Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rockli Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cuadrado-Gordillo I, Martín-Mora-Parra G, Puig-Amores I. Victimization Perceived and Experienced by Teens in an Abusive Dating Relationship: The Need to Tear down Social Myths. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111639. [PMID: 37297779 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of adolescent dating violence is a social health problem that affects thousands of people in different contexts and parts of the world. To date, much of the work that has focused on analysing this phenomenon has tended to study it from the perspective of victimized adolescent girls, considering that gender violence predominates in violent pair relationships. Nonetheless, there is a growing body of evidence that the victimization of adolescent boys is a reality. Thus, mutual violence between boys and girls is increasingly prevalent. Given this context, the present study's objective was to analyse and compare the victimization profile of a sample of female and male adolescents, taking into account the variables most commonly associated with victimization in these abusive relationships (perceived violence suffered, perceived severity, sexism, and moral disengagement). With this objective, different instruments were administered (CUVINO, Scale of Detection of Sexism Adolescents (DSA), and Mechanism of Moral Disengagement Scale (MMDS)). Data analysis based on the construction of a multiple linear regression model confirmed that the boys and girls in the sample revealed having suffered violence from their partners to a different degree. It is evident that the victimization profile of the two sexes is different. Thus, boys show less perception of severity, more sexism, and greater use of certain moral disengagement mechanisms than girls. These results reveal the need to tear down social myths and construct prevention programs that take into account different victimization profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cuadrado-Gordillo
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Department of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Martín-Mora-Parra
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Department of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ismael Puig-Amores
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Department of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
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Brar P, Shramko M, Taylor S, Eisenberg M. The Moderating Influence of School Adult Connectedness on Adolescent Dating Violence and Mental Health. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2023; 93:297-304. [PMID: 36382738 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent dating violence (ADV) continues to be a health concern. Most previous research has examined physical and or sexual ADV with little attention to verbal violence. METHODS Drawing on the social-ecological framework, the current study examined the moderating influence of school adult connectedness on experiences of verbal only, physical and/or sexual violence (combination ADV), and mental health outcomes among 11th graders (n = 31,459) in one Midwestern state. RESULTS Overall, 24.0% and 28.8% of adolescents met thresholds for depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Rates of mental health symptoms were higher among adolescents reporting ADV compared to those who did not report experience of ADV. In logistic regressions, higher level of school adult connectedness was associated with lower odds of depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. In moderation analyses, school adult connectedness was protective for mental health outcomes regardless of ADV experience. CONCLUSION Adolescent dating violence-including verbal violence alone-can be traumatic for young people. Schools can leverage the protective nature of school adult connection to promote mental health for all students, including adolescents who have experienced ADV. Incorporating trauma-informed education practice of providing unconditional positive regard toward adolescents might be 1-way schools can support adolescents in cultivating healthy relationships and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Brar
- Department of Family Studies and Community Development, Towson University, MD, Towson, USA
| | - Maura Shramko
- Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare, School of Social Work, University of Minnesota, MN, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Marla Eisenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Minnesota, MN, Minneapolis, USA
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ULAŞ KARAAHMETOĞLU G, ŞİMŞEK ÇETİNKAYA Ş. Gender Differences in Students' Attitudes Towards Violence Against Women. İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.1005187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was conducted as a descriptive study with the aim of determining the views and attitudes of university students about domestic violence against women.Method: The research was carried out between May and June 2018. The population of the research consisted of students studying at faculties and colleges within a university, and the sample consisted of 2453 students who agreed to participate in the study. The first part of the questionnaire, which was prepared by the researchers as a result of the literature review, consists of questions containing information about the introductory characteristics of the students; The second part consists of 34 questions about attitudes towards violence against women. Chi-square test was applied to examine the relationship between the variables.Results: Considering the results obtained from the findings, it was determined that there was a significant difference between the attitudes of female and male students towards economic, sexual, verbal, and physical violence against women (p<0,05). While women exhibited a more egalitarian attitude towards gender equality, male students displayed a traditional attitude. It was stated by 77,9% of the students that they did not experience violence from their families and 79,5% of them stated that they did not witness violence between their families.Conclusion: Knowing the attitudes of university students towards violence against women can contribute to the development of violence against women policies.
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Mason GE. Adolescent Experience With Dating Violence in Relation to Virginity Status: Findings From a Jamaican Sample. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2022; 37:625-640. [PMID: 35973811 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2021-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The association between adolescents' involvement in sexual intercourse and their experiences with adolescent dating violence (ADV) is an understudied topic. This study examined this relationship for 178 Jamaican adolescents in Grades 9-11. The expectation that adolescents who reported having had sexual intercourse would report greater victimization and greater perpetration than adolescents who had not had intercourse was consistent only for sexual abuse. Analyses also showed that sexually experienced males perpetrated and experienced more psychological abuse compared to males who were not so experienced. These results suggest different experiences based on adolescents' sex and so support others' calls for ADV research to do more examinations by sex. Also, it endorses the importance of doing research on both victims and perpetrators of intimate abuse. Implications of these findings for sexual and relationship education of adolescents are discussed.
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Cuadrado-Gordillo I, Martín-Mora-Parra G. Influence of Cross-Cultural Factors about Sexism, Perception of Severity, Victimization, and Gender Violence in Adolescent Dating Relationships. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10356. [PMID: 36011995 PMCID: PMC9408226 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of adolescent dating violence directed towards women is a widespread social health problem all over the world. Various investigations over time have analysed and studied this problem from different perspectives, taking into account both the aggressors and the victims. However, apart from these perspectives there are other approaches that have been less explored. This study analyses the phenomenon from a cultural point of view. It looks at the way in which variables such as hostile sexism, benevolent sexism, and the perception of severity attributed to violent behaviour perpetrated by the aggressor can differ depending on the country of origin of a group of victimized adolescent women, specifically, from Spain and Ecuador. The data analysis, based on the construction of a moderated mediation model, revealed that while hostile sexism seems to be linked to a greater extent with traditional cultures, benevolent sexism is highly relevant in today's society, and modifies the severity that young female victims attribute to violent behaviour and ultimately affects the frequency of victimization. These results revealed the importance of culture and the way in which violence is perceived in different countries as an essential aspect that must be taken into account to guide the construction of effective prevention programs adapted to the specific target groups of adolescents.
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Bogen KW, Mulla MMM, Orchowski LM. Gender-equitable Attitudes, Rape Myth Acceptance, and Perceived Peer Acceptance of Violence among High School Students: An Examination of Gender and Athletic Involvement. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP5009-NP5025. [PMID: 32969323 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520958649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent relationship abuse (ARA) impacts approximately one-third of teens and is associated with myriad negative health outcomes. Studies on college men indicate that athletes hold less gender-equitable attitudes (GEA), greater rape myth acceptance (RMA), and higher perceived peer support for violence (PSV), and that these attitudes are associated with perpetration risk. However, research has yet to compare the prevalence of these attitudes across gender and athletic status among high school students. The present study addressed this gap by examining the direct and interactive effects of gender and athletic status on GEA, RMA, and PSV in a large sample of high school students living in the United States. Results showed that boys involved in athletics reported lower GEA, higher RMA, and higher PSV than girls involved in athletics and non-athletes. Findings demonstrate the importance of addressing attitudes associated with violent behavior among high school boys involved in athletics, in order to reduce risk of ARA.
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You S, Shin K. Influence of patriarchal sex-role attitudes on perpetration of dating violence. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Toplu-Demirtaş E, Öztemür G, Fincham FD. Perceptions of Dating Violence: Assessment and Antecedents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP48-NP75. [PMID: 32326867 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520914558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Challenging perceptions of violence is crucial to prevent dating violence (DV), because such perceptions intervene in the organization and interpretation of violent events. However, these perceptions have received limited attention. This likely reflects the lack of a psychometric tool to do so. The current study had two purposes: to develop a measure of perceptions of psychological, sexual, and physical DV, and to explore how vertical collectivism, through hostile sexism and violence myth acceptance, shapes perceptions of DV. A total of 491 college students (55.3% women; M = 20.76 years, SD = 1.77 years) completed measures of the vertical collectivism, hostile sexism, domestic violence myth acceptance, and perceptions of DV. The results of exploratory factor analyses revealed a 15-item single-factor measure of perceptions of DV as initial construct validity, which had satisfactory internal consistency. A gender difference emerged in perceptions of DV; college women perceived psychological, sexual, and physical DV as more serious compared with college men. Moreover, the association between vertical collectivism and perceptions of DV was serially mediated via hostile sexism and violence myth acceptance. The findings are discussed in terms of previous research and the need to address the role of vertical collectivism in sexism, myth acceptance, and perceptions of violence in prevention/intervention efforts to reduce vulnerability to DV perpetration and victimization. Several recommendations are outlined to facilitate future research.
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Goncy EA, Basting EJ, Dunn CB. A Meta-Analysis Linking Parent-to-Child Aggression and Dating Abuse During Adolescence and Young Adulthood. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:1248-1261. [PMID: 32253990 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020915602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Relationship continuity and social learning theories provide support for parent-to-child aggression as one potential explanatory factor for dating abuse (DA); however, empirical results are mixed across studies as to the strength of this association. This meta-analysis sought to estimate the overall size of this effect among adolescent and young adult samples and investigate potential moderating factors including sample and measurement variables. Records were identified using a computerized search of databases with several keywords. Peer-reviewed journal articles and dissertations were included if they measured both parent-to-child aggression and DA perpetration and/or victimization among adolescents (aged 12-18) or young adults (aged 18-29). Sixty-six records met inclusion criteria, yielding 370 unique effect sizes for the relation between parent-to-child aggression and DA across 94 unique samples. As hypothesized, there was a small-to-medium effect size between parent-to-child aggression and subsequent DA during both adolescence and young adulthood. The strength of these findings was consistent across DA outcome (perpetration and victimization) and both physical and psychological forms, youth and parent gender, and youth age. Stronger associations were found when the gender of the parental aggressor was undefined compared to either a defined paternal or maternal aggressor. Records using the Conflict Tactics Scale to measure both parent-to-child aggression and DA yielded stronger associations compared to sources that used different measures, but single informant versus multiple informants did not yield any differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan J Basting
- Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, OH, USA
| | - Courtney B Dunn
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Rey Anacona CA, Martínez Gómez JA, Herrero Olaizola JB, Rodríguez Díaz FJ. Psychometric Properties of the Checklist of Experiences of Psychological Abuse to the Couple in Adolescents and Young Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP7117-NP7136. [PMID: 30654692 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518823294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Ibero-America, interest in the evaluation and prevention of violence in young couples has been increasing. However, there are not enough Spanish-speaking standardized questionnaires. The psychometric analyses of the Checklist of Experiences of Psychological Abuse to the Couple (CEPA) are presented as a subset of the Checklist of Experiences of Abuse to the Couple. Overall, 1,505 adolescents participated; 828 were women, and 677 were men, aged 14 to 21 years old. A confirmatory factor analysis with the Structural Equation Modeling Software version 6.2 (EQS) was performed to consider different factor models that were consistent with theoretical and empirical aspects about violence in young couples. A structure was obtained with one factor of higher order, "Psychological Aggression" (14 items), and the following three primary factors: (a) "Coercion" (four items), (b) "Humiliation" (five items), and (c) "Control" (five items); Cronbach's alpha ranged from .71 to .83. The overall scale and the three subscales correlated significantly with each other and with negative personality traits associated with gender. The results indicate that the scale has adequate psychometric properties for use in clinical practice and research.
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Spencer CM, Toews ML, Anders KM, Emanuels SK. Risk Markers for Physical Teen Dating Violence Perpetration: A Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:619-631. [PMID: 31514691 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019875700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Teen dating violence (TDV) is a common problem among adolescents and has been linked to various negative outcomes. This study used Dutton's nested ecological theory to examine risk markers for physical TDV perpetration and examine whether there are significant differences in the strength of risk markers between male and female adolescents. This meta-analysis included 37 studies yielding 126 unique effect sizes for risk markers for physical TDV perpetration in samples from the United States. In the microsystem level, a total of 14 risk markers were examined and in the ontogenetic level, 12 risk markers were examined. Our results revealed that, in the microsystem, physical TDV victimization was the strongest risk marker for physical TDV perpetration. On the ontogenetic level, externalizing behaviors, approval of violence, risky sexual behaviors, alcohol use, depression, and delinquency were the strongest risk markers for TDV perpetration. Conflict resolution skills and responsibility were protective markers against TDV perpetration. When comparing the strength of risk markers between males and females, we found that undifferentiated TDV perpetration and depression were significantly stronger risk markers for female perpetration than male perpetration. We also found that exhibiting controlling behaviors was a significantly stronger risk marker for male TDV perpetration than female TDV perpetration. These findings highlight the importance of the microsystem, specifically the dating relationship itself, when identifying adolescents at risk for TDV perpetration.
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Doucette H, Collibee C, Hood E, Stone DIG, DeJesus B, Rizzo CJ. Perpetration of Electronic Intrusiveness Among Adolescent Females: Associations With In-Person Dating Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP6581-NP6601. [PMID: 30516429 PMCID: PMC7721281 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518815725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Electronic intrusiveness is a form of cyber dating abuse that includes monitoring a partners' location, whom a partner is talking to, and other private information via technology and social networking sites. The aim of this study was to further explore the prevalence of electronic intrusiveness, as well as to assess how electronic intrusiveness relates to in-person dating violence while controlling for known risk factors for in-person dating violence, namely, depression, emotion regulation, and acceptance of couple violence. Data for this study were drawn from the baseline assessment of a larger clinical trial. A sample of high-risk adolescent females between the ages of 14 and 17 with a lifetime history of prior dating violence victimization or perpetration was used. Participants completed self-report measures for all study variables. Findings demonstrate that perpetration of electronic intrusiveness within the past 3 months is common among a sample of high-risk adolescent females, with rates across various modes of technology ranging from 30% to 57%. Results also revealed electronic intrusiveness is associated with in-person dating violence perpetration after accounting for known risk factors. This study highlights the need to increase awareness of electronic intrusiveness and to better incorporate electronic intrusiveness into theoretical and empirical models of dating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlene Collibee
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley Hasbro Children’s Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Erik Hood
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Brett DeJesus
- Bradley Hasbro Children’s Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
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Reed LA, Ward LM, Tolman RM, Lippman JR, Seabrook RC. The Association Between Stereotypical Gender and Dating Beliefs and Digital Dating Abuse Perpetration in Adolescent Dating Relationships. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP5561-NP5585. [PMID: 30261802 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518801933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Digital media have become a significant context for adolescent dating relationships. As the use of social media and mobile phones increases, so do concerns that these media might be a context for "digital dating abuse" (DDA), or the use of digital media to harass, pressure, threaten, coerce, or monitor a dating partner. Although DDA has been shown to be common in adolescent dating relationships, little is known about the predictors of DDA perpetration or the role of stereotypical gender and dating beliefs in shaping these behaviors. This survey study of 703 high school students with dating experience investigated the role of gender beliefs in DDA perpetration using structural equation modeling. The survey included items pertaining to participants' digital media use, stereotypical gender and dating beliefs, and three types of DDA perpetration. Girls reported more frequent perpetration of some types of DDA, and boys expressed greater endorsement of stereotypical gender and dating beliefs. The data supported our hypothesized models, such that endorsement of stereotypical beliefs was associated with different types of DDA perpetration for girls and boys. Higher endorsement of stereotypical beliefs was related to perpetration of digital monitoring and control behaviors for girls, and to directly aggressive and hostile digital behaviors for boys. These patterns align with stereotypical gender roles. Associations with sexually coercive digital behaviors for both girls and boys are discussed. This study suggests that beyond the gender of the perpetrator, societal beliefs about gender and dating may shape the problematic use of digital media in dating relationships.
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Courtain A, Glowacz F. Exploration of Dating Violence and Related Attitudes Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP2975-NP2998. [PMID: 29669467 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518770185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Young people's romantic relationships can be marked with various forms of dating violence (DV). However, adolescents and emerging adults do not necessarily acknowledge this violence because of their attitudes toward dating violence. Our study aims to study dating violence and attitudes toward this phenomenon through two well-established questionnaires administered jointly in their entirety. Indeed, too many studies report results on some dimensions and items, neglecting the richness of available tools. The Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationship Inventory and the Attitudes Toward Dating Violence Scale were self-administered to 1,014 participants (M age = 18.9) attending secondary schools or a regional college. They reported the frequency of their dating violence perpetration and victimization, and their attitudes toward dating violence. Results show that relational and sexual violence perpetration rates are higher for males, physical violence perpetration rate is higher for females, and relational violence victimization is higher for males. MANCOVAs not only show the same trends for scores but also underline more frequent emotional violence perpetrated by females, physical victimization for males, and sexual victimization for females. Males show higher tolerance toward every form of dating violence; younger participants are also more tolerant. Participants are more tolerant toward male-perpetrated psychological DV than female-perpetrated ones, and more tolerant toward female-perpetrated physical and sexual DV compared with male-perpetrated physical and sexual DV. There are patterns of multiperpetration, multivictimization, bidirectionality, and multi(in)tolerance. Our paper contributes to the symmetry debate, a better understanding of the link between attitudes and violent behaviors, a further step on gendered attitudes regarding who perpetrates and who sustains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Courtain
- Fund for Scientific Research - Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium
- Service de Psychologie Clinique de la Délinquance, des Inadaptations Sociales et des Processus d'Insertion ; Research Unit 'ARCh' (Adaptation, Resilience & Changement) - Université Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Glowacz
- Service de Psychologie Clinique de la Délinquance, des Inadaptations Sociales et des Processus d'Insertion ; Research Unit 'ARCh' (Adaptation, Resilience & Changement) - Université Liège, Belgium
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Cava MJ, Buelga S, Tomás I. Peer Victimization and Dating Violence Victimization: The Mediating Role of Loneliness, Depressed Mood, and Life Satisfaction. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:2677-2702. [PMID: 29528797 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518760013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Peer victimization and dating violence victimization have serious negative effects on adolescents' health, and they seem to be related. However, the mediating processes in this relationship have not been sufficiently analyzed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect relationships between peer victimization and dating violence victimization, considering the possible mediator role of loneliness, depressed mood, and life satisfaction. These relationships are analyzed in boys and girls, and in early and middle adolescence. From an initial sample of 1,038 Spanish adolescents, those who had or had had in the past 12 months a dating relationship (647 adolescents; 49.1% boys, M = 14.38, SD = 1.43) were included in this study. Multigroup structural equation modeling was used to test a double mediation model simultaneously for boys and girls, testing the invariance of the relationships among variables across genders. The same technique was used to test the model simultaneously for early and middle adolescence, testing the invariance of the relationships among variables across age groups. Results revealed a positive direct relationship between peer victimization and dating violence victimization, as well as the partial mediating role of loneliness and life satisfaction in this relationship. The mediator role of depressed mood was not supported. The same mediational model was confirmed in boys and girls, and in early and middle adolescence. These results highlight the important role of loneliness and life satisfaction to explain the link between peer victimization and dating violence victimization in adolescence. These findings may be useful for developing intervention programs aimed at preventing situations of multiple victimization during adolescence.
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Taylor B, Joseph H, Mumford E. Romantic Relationship Characteristics and Adolescent Relationship Abuse in a Probability-Based Sample of Youth. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:722-750. [PMID: 29294910 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517730566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the longitudinal association between baseline adolescent romantic relationship characteristics and later adolescent relationship abuse (ARA). Data are from the first two waves of the National Survey on Teen Relationships and Intimate Violence (STRiV). Girls and boys ages 10 to 18 were recruited randomly from the children of adults participating in a larger national household probability sample panel. About three quarters of the sample identified as White, non-Hispanic. Controlling behavior by a romantic partner consistently predicted later ARA. Higher levels of controlling behavior in the relationship was associated with higher rates of sexual and/or physical ARA victimization and higher rates for similar acts of perpetration. More controlling behavior by the partner was also associated with higher rates of psychological ARA victimization (and higher rates for psychological ARA perpetration). Our results suggest that ARA prevention programs should have explicit discussions of the deleterious effects of controlling behavior with adolescents. Respondents reporting higher feelings of passionate love were also at higher risk of experiencing sexual and/or physical ARA victimization. This finding will need to be considered by clinicians and prevention specialist in their work with youth as a potential risk marker for ARA. Baseline reports of at least one form of ARA were predictive of 1-year follow-up rates of ARA in all of our models, underscoring a long line of research that past aggressive or violent behavior is one of the strongest predictors of current aggressive or violent behavior. We also observed that female respondents were twice as likely to be perpetrators of physical and/or sexual ARA as male respondents. Prevention messaging often is focused on girls as ARA victims and our results imply that messaging should also be directed toward girls as perpetrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Taylor
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Paat YF, Markham C, Peskin M. Psycho-Emotional Violence, Its Association, Co-Occurrence, and Bidirectionality with Cyber, Physical and Sexual Violence. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2020; 13:365-380. [PMID: 33269037 PMCID: PMC7683755 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-019-00283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using data from a cross-sectional sample of seventh to twelfth graders who attended northeastern schools between 2011 and 2012, we examined the associations between psycho-emotional dating violence and cyber, physical, and sexual violence Overall, we found that respondents experienced more than one type of dating violence simultaneously, indicating the prevalence of co-occurrence in dating violence. Further, being a victim of psycho-emotional violence was associated with perpetrating similar types of violence, suggesting the bidirectional nature of this type of aggression. Among the covariates, we found that peer bullying, cyber bullying, cell phone usage, the respondents' age, gender, and grades were risk factors for psycho-emotional violence. The findings may be used to guide dating violence intervention efforts and the development of school based and family-oriented treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yok-Fong Paat
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968 USA
| | - Christine Markham
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030 TX USA
| | - Melissa Peskin
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030 TX USA
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Van Ouytsel J, Ponnet K, Walrave M. Cyber Dating Abuse: Investigating Digital Monitoring Behaviors Among Adolescents From a Social Learning Perspective. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:5157-5178. [PMID: 29294845 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517719538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Just as with other forms of abuse such as bullying, dating violence is no longer limited to physical spaces. Several forms of dating violence can also be perpetrated by means of technology. Few studies have used a theoretical perspective to investigate cyber dating abuse. This study addresses this gap in the literature by focusing on the perpetration of digital monitoring behaviors-a form of cyber dating abuse-from a social learning perspective. We investigate the extent to which perceived social norms about cyber dating abuse, witnessing controlling behaviors among parents, and endorsing gender stereotypes are linked with adolescents' engagement in digital monitoring behaviors. The study draws on data from 466 secondary school students (71.0% girls, n = 331) aged between 16 and 22 years (M = 17.99 years, SD = 0.92) in Flanders, Belgium, who were in a romantic relationship. Linear regression analysis indicates that being female, being older, the perceived social norms of peers, the endorsement of gender stereotypes, and having observed intrusive controlling behaviors by the father are significantly and positively related to adolescents' perpetration of digital monitoring behaviors. The findings have implications for practice and underscore the need for prevention efforts to address and lower the influence of these perceived social norms. Further implications include the need for prevention efforts to focus on diminishing the impact of gender stereotypical attitudes and the influence of witnessing controlling behaviors within the family context on cyber dating abuse perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koen Ponnet
- University of Antwerp, Belgium
- Ghent University, Belgium
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Pusch N, Holtfreter K. Sex-Based Differences in Criminal Victimization of Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 50:4-28. [PMID: 32995986 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
While general criminological theories, including low self-control, social bonds, routine activities, and risky lifestyles are increasingly used to explain criminal victimization, there is some evidence these theories may omit important sex differences. To date, the empirical evidence remains mixed, which may be an artifact of methodological differences. This study used three-level meta-analytic methods to assess the use of various predictors derived from criminological theory on a variety of criminal victimization types, sample characteristics, and differences in research design. In a total sample of 166,650 females and 129,988 males in 115 studies using 95 unique datasets of adolescents (average age = 10-19), the meta-analysis revealed that elements of risky lifestyles are largely sex-neutral, while some sex-specific effects of bonds, routine activities, and prior victimization are observed. Implications for criminological theory, developmental and life course research on adolescent victimization, and avenues for prevention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Pusch
- Department of Sociology Anthropology, and Social Work, Texas Tech University, Holden Hall 158, 1011 Boston Ave., Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Kristy Holtfreter
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, 411 N. Central Ave., Ste. 600, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
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Dempsey F, Hammond M, Dixon L. Investigating whether controlling and aggressive relationship behaviors are discriminant. Aggress Behav 2020; 46:437-448. [PMID: 32524636 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Control is theorized as central to intimate partner aggression (IPA). Tools measuring nonphysical "controlling behaviors" in relationships have therefore been developed to identify the latent construct of control. However, the underlying assumption that "controlling behaviors" form a distinct subset of IPA has not been validated. This study investigates the divergent validity of acts considered as "controlling behaviors" against other aggressive acts used in relationships. The IPA and relationship literatures were reviewed to identify 1,397 items involving "controlling," physical, sexual, and psychologically aggressive acts perpetrated and/or experienced by an intimate partner. In total, 101 item pairs were identified and used to measure IPA tactics across these categories. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis in a community sample (N = 561) found no evidence of a distinct factor of "controlling behaviors." Behaviors labeled as "controlling" in existing measures were distributed across other factors, including "eclectic aggression," "direct psychological aggression," and "monitoring acts." In Study 2A (N = 424 students), confirmatory factor analysis replicated the results of Study 1 and established configural measurement invariance (Study 2B), indicating no evidence for psychometric differences between samples. These results indicate that behaviors described as "controlling" in existing measures were not statistically distinguishable from other forms of IPA, and suggest that future research should investigate motivational, rather than behavioral, differences in the use of IPA. The findings challenge research to confirm whether a set of discrete behaviors can be used to accurately identify control in relationships and question the validity of tools that adopt this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Dempsey
- School of PsychologyVictoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - Matt Hammond
- School of PsychologyVictoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - Louise Dixon
- School of PsychologyVictoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
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Sianko N, Meçe MH, Abazi-Morina L. Family Functioning among Rural Teens and Caregivers: Interactive Influence on Teen Dating Violence. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:1175-1190. [PMID: 31506945 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-informant assessment of family functioning is considered best practice in research and clinical settings. However, in the area of teen dating violence, multi-informant assessment of family functioning has received limited attention. The current study investigated whether and to what extent caregiver and adolescent perceptions of family functioning interact in their influence on adolescent dating violence. Participants were 493 adolescents and their primary caregivers from a rural southeastern community in the United States. As hypothesized, a paired-samples t test showed that adolescents' scores on the family functioning measure were significantly lower than their caregivers' scores. Logistic regressions revealed that adolescents' positive views of family functioning were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of dating violence victimization but not perpetration and that caregivers' views on family functioning moderated the impact of adolescent-reported family functioning on both dating violence outcomes. Post hoc analyses showed that adolescents with negative perceptions of family environment were most likely to be victims and perpetrators of dating violence when their parents also reported more negative views of family environment. The article concludes with a discussion of how these findings can: (a) advance our understanding of the impact of family functioning on teen dating relationships and (b) inform practical efforts aimed at preventing dating aggression among teens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia Sianko
- Department of Youth, Family and Community Studies, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| | - Merita H Meçe
- Department of Youth, Family and Community Studies, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
| | - Linda Abazi-Morina
- Department of Youth, Family and Community Studies, Clemson University, Clemson, SC
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Joppa MC. Dating Violence in Adolescence: Implications for Girls' Sexual Health. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2020; 33:332-338. [PMID: 32087402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents in the United States are too often involved in relationships characterized by coercion and violence. An emerging body of research suggests that dating violence is linked with other health risks in adolescent relationships, particularly sexual risk behavior. The confluence of risks conferred by dating violence and sexual risk behavior are particularly acute for adolescent girls. Adolescent gynecology providers need to understand the nature of dating violence in adolescence and the ways in which dating violence and sexual risk behavior are mutually influential. This article reviews the literature on the links between dating violence and sexual risk in adolescent girls' relationships. The prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of dating violence in adolescence are discussed, followed by a review of the research linking dating violence and sexual risk, with a focus on common mechanisms underlying these relationship risk behaviors. The review concludes with implications for screening, prevention, intervention, and future directions for research.
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Paat YF, Markham C, Peskin M. Co-occurrence of Dating Violence Victimization Subtypes: Assessing the Influence of Family Factors, Dating Attitudes, Risky Behaviors, and the Moderating Effect of Gender Among School-Aged Teens. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2020; 35:467-502. [PMID: 32788333 PMCID: PMC10080731 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-18-00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using data from a nationally representative sample of school-aged teens (n = 795), this study examined covariates associated with three subtypes of dating violence victimization (physical violence, emotional abuse, and imposed isolation). We asked the research questions: What were the family factors, dating attitudes, and risky behaviors associated with three subtypes of dating violence victimization across two time points? Second, were these relationships moderated by gender? Overall, we found widespread co-occurrence of victimization. Contrary to our predictions, not all earlier experiences with dating violence victimization worsened or persisted overtime. Regarding family factors, we did not find substantial statistically significant effects on victimization, with the exception that greater openness with parents was associated with increased occurrence of emotional abuse at Wave 1. In terms of dating attitudes, we found that when respondents condoned violence against a girlfriend, they were more likely to experience physical violence victimization at both waves. Respondents who believed that it is okay to use violence to control a boyfriend's behavior were more likely to report emotional abuse at Wave 1. Similarly, respondents who believed that it is okay to date more than one person, as well as those who condoned sexual intercourse outside of a romantic relationship, were more susceptible to emotional abuse. Regarding risky behaviors, we found that the respondents' victimization experience did not increase with a greater sexual partner acquisition; rather, it exerted the opposite effect on their experience with physical violence victimization. These risky behaviors, however, were only statistically significant at Wave 1. Finally, the moderating effect of gender is noted in the study. Implications from the study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yok-Fong Paat
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas, El Paso, Texas
| | - Christine Markham
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa Peskin
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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25
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Dating violence: A cross-lag path model with pregnant and parenting adolescents. J Adolesc 2020; 81:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Fernández-González L, Calvete E, Orue I. Adolescent Dating Violence Stability and Mutuality: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:2012-2032. [PMID: 29294700 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517699953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This 4-year longitudinal study explored the stability of dating violence (DV) during adolescence and the reciprocal associations between perpetration and victimization over time. Participants were 991 high school students (52.4% females; mean age at baseline = 14.80 years) from Bizkaia (Spain), who completed a measure of DV perpetration and victimization at four measurement points spaced 1 year apart. Findings evidenced stability of teen perpetration and victimization of DV, which appears to increase in late adolescence. Moreover, longitudinal reciprocal influences were demonstrated, but in general, the cross-lagged paths from one's partner's aggression to one's own perpetration and vice versa were lower than the autoregressive paths obtained from stability. The model showed an adequate fit for both females and males, although some paths were significantly higher for the females than for the males. Preventive interventions should consider these findings about stability and longitudinal reciprocal associations of DV during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Calvete
- University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Izaskun Orue
- University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, Bilbao, Spain
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Kidman R, Kohler HP. Emerging partner violence among young adolescents in a low-income country: Perpetration, victimization and adversity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230085. [PMID: 32142550 PMCID: PMC7059948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent in high- as well as low-income contexts. It results in a substantial public health burden and significant negative socioeconomic and health outcomes throughout the life-course. However, limited knowledge exists about IPV during early adolescence. This period is critical during the transition to adulthood for at least two reasons: it is when the majority of adolescents in low-income countries first encounter dating, sexuality and partnerships, often with older adolescents or adults, and it is also the period when lifelong patterns of violence and norms about acceptable IPV are formed. The current study is one of the first to measure IPV prevalence among young adolescents in a low-income setting, examine the potential etiology, and investigate relationships with gender ideology, poverty, mental health and childhood adversity. Methods We surveyed 2,089 adolescents aged 10–16 in Malawi using standardized instruments. We estimated the prevalence of IPV, and use multivariate logistic regression to test potential correlates. Results More than a quarter (27%) of ever-partnered adolescents in Malawi report being victimized. A substantial proportion of both male and female adolescents (15%) report committing violence against their partner. Girls were more likely than boys to report being a victim of sexual IPV (24% versus 8%), and boys more likely to perpetrate such (9% versus 1%). Almost 10% of the sample had both committed and been a victim of IPV. Cumulative childhood adversity (e.g., physical abuse, witnessing domestic violence) was a consistent and strong correlate of IPV victimization (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.30) and of perpetration (aOR 1.35). Depression and PTSD were likewise associated with IPV victimization in the overall sample. Notably, gender ideology was not predictive of either victimization or perpetration, even among boys. Conclusions IPV is common for both male and female young Malawian adolescents, and includes both victimization and perpetration. IPV compounds other adversities experienced by adolescents in this low-income setting, and it is rarely alleviated through help from the health system or other formal support. These findings underscore the need to intervene early when interventions can still break destructive pathways and help foster healthier relationships. This focus on early adolescence is particularly critical in low-income countries given the early onset and rapid pace of the transition to adulthood, with sexual activity, dating and partnership thus being common already in young adolescence. Promising interventions would be those that reduce violence against or around children, as well as those that reduce the impacts of such trauma on mental health during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kidman
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Core Faculty, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University (State University of New York), Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hans-Peter Kohler
- Department of Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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Garzón Segura AM, Carcedo González RJ. Effectiveness of a Prevention Program for Gender-Based Intimate Partner Violence at a Colombian Primary School. Front Psychol 2020; 10:3012. [PMID: 32038389 PMCID: PMC6985582 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence, particularly against women, is widely studied owing to its high rates, based on transnational data. Colombia, where this form of violence is considerably common, is no exception, and such violence is occurring more and more often in increasingly younger couples (10−14 years old). Further, risk factors such as wide acceptance, the justification of intimate partner violence, extremely rigid traditional gender roles, and poor socio-emotional skills play a crucial role. In accordance with this reality, a gender-based intimate partner violence prevention program was designed, implemented, and evaluated for primary school children in Colombia based on a review of successful preventive programs and an identification of the main predictors of intimate partner violence. The program was evaluated using a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design that included an experimental and a control group. In total, 344 participants were involved in the study: 195 boys (56.7%) and 149 girls (43.4%) from the second and third grades of a primary school (average age: 7.8 years) at a Colombian educational institution. The experimental group consisted of 200 participants and the control group of 144 participants. The program’s effectiveness was evaluated by measuring three groups of variables (gender stereotypes, the acceptance of violence, and socio-emotional skills) using reliable scales. To analyze the program’s effectiveness, mixed ANOVAs with a within-subjects factor (when the group was measured), two between-subjects factors (group and gender), and a covariate (age) were used. The results showed that the participants in the experimental group had lower scores in gender stereotypes, acceptance of peer aggression, and acceptance of physical violence against women compared to the control group. Conversely, they had higher scores in affective empathy after the intervention; both groups showed no significant differences before the intervention. This program is highly relevant because it has proven to have a positive impact on the participants and is innovative due to the lack of preventive programs that have been implemented in primary education and evaluated within the Colombian context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo J Carcedo González
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Copp JE, Taylor BG, Mumford EA. Financial Behaviors, Couple-Level Conflict, and Adolescent Relationship Abuse: Longitudinal Results From a Nationally Representative Sample. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30 Suppl 1:255-269. [PMID: 30566263 PMCID: PMC7439211 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Financial disagreements have been identified as a severe source of discord in adult relationships, yet limited work has considered whether financial considerations contribute to conflict among younger samples. Drawing on longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents, the current investigation examined the extent to which money lending practices, feelings of financial resentment, and exposure to economic control contribute to couple-level interactions, and in turn, to conflict that escalates to the point of violence. Findings provide evidence of an association between adolescent financial behaviors and concurrent conflict due to economic considerations. Moreover, conflict due to economic considerations was an important predictor of future adolescent relationship abuse perpetration. We discuss the implications of our findings for intervention/prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Copp
- Florida State University, College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 112 S. Copeland St., Tallahassee, FL 32306. Phone: (850) 645-2305
| | - Bruce G. Taylor
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East-West Highway 8th Floor
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Profiles of Adolescent Relationship Abuse and Sexual Harassment: a Latent Class Analysis. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 21:377-387. [PMID: 31811512 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-01075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to identify homogeneous groups of individuals based on self-reported victimization and perpetration of three subtypes of adolescent relationship abuse (ARA; physical, psychological, and sexual) and sexual harassment (SH). Study sample consists of 645 current or past-year daters aged 12-21, drawn from the National Survey on Teen Relationships and Intimate Violence (STRiV). Latent class analysis was used to classify individuals, and a three-class model was selected (Low ARA-Low SH, High ARA-High SH, and Psychological ARA-Medium SH). Results provide evidence for three latent classes with varying patterns of ARA and SH. A number of exogenous variables were significantly associated with these patterns, e.g., youth who were previously exposed to any general violence were three times as likely to be in the High ARA-High SH class as those not previously exposed to violence. Adolescent relationship abuse prevention efforts should include activities to address sexual harassment, and vice versa. Results call for universal preventive intervention programs targeting adolescent relationship abuse and sexual harassment to start as early as adolescence, and the existence of the High ARA-High SH group supports the need for more targeted effort to interrupt such patterns.
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Park S, Kim SH. Who Are the Victims and Who Are the Perpetrators in Dating Violence? Sharing the Role of Victim and Perpetrator. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2019; 20:732-741. [PMID: 29334008 DOI: 10.1177/1524838017730648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dating violence (DV) is a serious problem with devastating consequences. Often, research on DV has focused on two distinct groups: victims and perpetrators. However, there is growing evidence for a victim-perpetrator overlap model, which posits that those involved in DV are more likely to take on both roles, rather than either role on its own. PURPOSE We investigated the patterns of involvement in DV among those who identified themselves as victims or perpetrators in previous studies. METHOD This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 371 variables related to participants' previous and concurrent experiences of DV victimization or perpetration (202 variables related to victimization and 169 related to perpetration) were identified in 25 studies, which were found by systematically searching three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. RESULTS The majority of previous studies categorized study participants as either DV victims or perpetrators; however, those who identified themselves as either DV victims or DV perpetrators were more likely to assume the opposite role as well. Specifically, current DV perpetrators had a strong association with previous or concurrent victimization experiences, and current DV victims were similarly likely to have assumed the roles of both victim and perpetrator in their histories. CONCLUSION Further efforts should be put into avoiding categorization of those involved in violence; rather, they should be regarded as a single group. Additionally, evidence-based interventions should be developed for this population to help break the cycle of violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihyun Park
- Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyang Kim
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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32
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Sianko N, Kunkel D, Thompson MP, Small MA, McDonell JR. Trajectories of Dating Violence Victimization and Perpetration among Rural Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:2360-2376. [PMID: 31595383 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Research is inconclusive about the trajectory of dating violence during adolescence and whether there are differences across gender and race/ethnicity. We examined dating victimization and perpetration trajectories among a diverse sample of rural youth (N = 580, 52.7% female, 49% Black, 39% White, 11% Hispanic or other minorities) in middle and high school who were surveyed annually across four years and explored the influences of gender and ethnicity. The results based on cohort-sequential latent growth modeling revealed that for boys, victimization peaked at 11th grade, and then declined. For girls, victimization was stable throughout adolescence. Perpetration was reported less frequently and increased steadily for males and females. For White youth, victimization peaked at grades 9 and 10, followed by a decline. For Black youth, victimization followed a linear increase. Perpetration trajectory followed a linear increase for White and Black but not Hispanic youth. The findings indicate that the developmental progression of dating violence during adolescence varies by demographics. The discussion focuses on future directions for research on teen dating violence among rural youth and implications for prevention and interventions initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia Sianko
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology & Criminal Justice, Clemson University, 321 Brackett Hall, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| | - Deborah Kunkel
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Martie P Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Mark A Small
- Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - James R McDonell
- Institute on Family and Neighborhood Life, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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33
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Seiffge-Krenke I. Essstörungen: Entwicklungspsychologische und entwicklungspsychopathologische Perspektive. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2019. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet Essstörungen unter entwicklungspsychologischer und entwicklungspsychopathologischer Perspektive. Körperbildstörungen, gestörtes Essverhalten und der Einfluss beider Eltern werden in den Kontext der normalen Mädchenentwicklung gestellt und insbesondere der Einfluss der Freundinnen und der neuen Medien herausgearbeitet. Bereits bei nicht essgestörten Jugendlichen fallen extremes Diätieren und ängstliche Körperkontrolle, aber auch elterliche problematische Kommunikationsstile und die oft schädlichen Interaktionen mit Gleichaltrigen auf. Die Grenze zu pathologischen Phänomenen ist entsprechend schwer zu ziehen. Hinzukommen hohe Komorbiditäten zwischen verschiedenen Essstörungen und mit internalisierenden und externalisierenden psychischen Störungen. Zeitgeschichtliche Phänomene wie die „holy anorexia“ der vergangenen Jahrhunderte und die gegenwärtig beobachtbare Zunahme an Essstörungen bei Jungen und der Wunsch, das Geschlecht zu verändern (Transgender) werden ebenso betrachtet wie kulturelle Einflüsse („Is fat beautiful?“). In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch der Frage nachgegangen, ob Essstörungen zugenommen haben und welchen Beitrag die neuen Medien dabei möglicherweise haben.
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Fernández-González L, Calvete E, Orue I. The Role of Acceptance of Violence Beliefs and Social Information Processing on Dating Violence Perpetration. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:763-776. [PMID: 29900616 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study's main objective was to explore whether beliefs legitimizing dating violence predict dysfunctional social information processing (SIP) when adolescents deal with ambiguous dating situations, and whether this more proximal cognitive processing acts as a mediator between acceptance of violence beliefs and dating violence perpetration. Participants were 855 high school students who completed self-report measures at three time points, with a 1-year interval between them. SIP did not act as a mediator, but the emergence of anger emotions in dating conflict situations, along with aggression-justifying beliefs, were revealed as essential in explaining dating violence. Previous aggression also explained a subsequent higher anticipation of positive consequences for aggressive acts. We discuss the implications for prevention and treatment strategies with adolescents.
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Penado Abilleira M, Rodicio-García ML, Corrás Vázquez T, Ríos de Deus MP, Iglesias Cortizas MJ. Personality characteristics of a sample of violent adolescents against their partners. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 32:11. [PMID: 32026093 PMCID: PMC6966738 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-019-0122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The study of intimate partner violence has historically focused on violence perpetrated on females by males, but recent research suggests that, at least in teenage couples, the difference between genders is decreasing or even reversing. The objective of this study is to analyze the personality characteristics of adolescents who are violent with their partners. The sample consisted of 430 subjects (229 girls and 201 boys), between 14 and 19 years (M = 16.18, SD = 1.81), middle or high school students, which completed the Personality Assessment Inventory-Adolescents and the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory. Results The results show that girls have higher personality scores on the scales that show problems of internal behavior (depression and anxiety), while boys show higher scores on the scales of external behavior problems (antisocial behavior and drug use). Through a regression analysis, the results show predictive weights in the aggression traits (β = .331, p < .001), antisocial characteristics (β = .202, p < .001), and mania (β = .185, p < .05), as the scores on the scale of violence perpetrated increase in girls. For boys, personality variables do not seem to have such a decisive weight to explain the violence committed, since only heat and alcohol problems represent 5.4% of the variance found. These differences between boys and girls should be analyzed in future studies and, if the findings are maintained, taken into account when developing programs to prevent gender-based violence in adolescents. Conclusions The results of this study show how the personality characteristics have a differential weight in the explanation of the teen dating aggression according to the gender of the aggressors, with a greater relevance in the prediction of the aggressive behaviors committed by the girls.
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Forke CM, Myers RK, Fein JA, Catallozzi M, Localio AR, Wiebe DJ, Grisso JA. Witnessing intimate partner violence as a child: How boys and girls model their parents' behaviors in adolescence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 84:241-252. [PMID: 30138781 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Childhood witnesses of adult violence at home are at risk for future violence. It is unclear how gender of the child and adult perpetrator are related to adolescent relationship violence. We explore how childhood witnessing of same-gender, opposite-gender, and bidirectional violence perpetrated by adults is associated with adolescent relationship violence victimization only, perpetration only, and combined victimization/perpetration for male and female undergraduates. We gathered cross-sectional data from 907 undergraduates attending 67 randomly-selected classes at three distinct East-Coast colleges using pencil-and-paper surveys administered at the end of class time. Multiple imputation with chained equations was used to impute missing data. Multinomial regression models controlling for gender, age, race, school, and community violence predicted adolescent outcomes for each witnessing exposure; relative risk ratios and average adjusted probabilities with 95% confidence intervals are presented. Adolescent relationship violence outcomes vary based on gender of the child witness and adult perpetrator. Witnessing adult males perpetrate is associated with higher perpetration for boys and higher combined victimization/perpetration for girls. Witnessing adult females perpetrate - either as the sole perpetrator or in a mutually violent relationship with an adult male - increases risk for combined victimization/perpetration for boys and girls during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Forke
- Dept. of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Violence Prevention Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Rachel K Myers
- Violence Prevention Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joel A Fein
- Violence Prevention Initiative, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Div. of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marina Catallozzi
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Columbia Univ. Medical Center - College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States; Heilbrunn Dept. of Population & Family Health, Columbia Univ. Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - A Russell Localio
- Dept. of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Douglas J Wiebe
- Dept. of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jeane Ann Grisso
- Depts. of Public Health, Nursing, & Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Herrman JW, Palen LA, Kan M, Feinberg M, Hill J, Magee E, Haigh KM. Young Mothers' and Fathers' Perceptions of Relationship Violence: A Focus Group Study. Violence Against Women 2018; 25:274-296. [PMID: 30070168 DOI: 10.1177/1077801218780356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Teens and young adults who are pregnant or parenting are important targets for efforts to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV). To intervene appropriately and effectively, we need to fully understand the unique issues and contexts for IPV in this population. This focus group study examined young parents' ( N = 28) perceptions of their relationships, stressors and sources of conflict, forms of IPV, and help-seeking behaviors. We examined data using template, content, thematic, and framework analyses. Findings about relationships and violence between young parents provide valuable insights for future intervention programs designed to prevent or address IPV among teen parents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Feinberg
- 3 The Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA
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Karsberg S, Bramsen RH, Lasgaard M, Elklit A. Prevalence and characteristics of three subtypes of dating violence among Danish seventh-grade students. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2018; 6:16-27. [PMID: 33520748 PMCID: PMC7750701 DOI: 10.21307/sjcapp-2018-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A high prevalence of adolescent dating violence (ADV) has been documented in recent years. However, the majority of ADV studies have been conducted in North America and moreover, ADV studies have primarily focused on high school or college populations. Objective To investigate victimization and perpetration of ADV and related gender differences in a sample of Danish seventh-grade students. Method In total, 2934 seventh-grade students (M = 3.5, SD = 0.5) filled out questionnaires at school. Results The prevalence of victimization of emotional, physical and sexual ADV was 32.2%, 11.2% and 10.6%, and the prevalence of perpetration of emotional, physical and sexual ADV was 20.6%, 6% and 2.1%. One out of five students reported both victimization and perpetration of one of the three ADV types and 14.3% and 6% reported multiple forms of ADV victimization and perpetration respectively. Moreover, gender differences in the prevalence of ADV and the co-occurrence of ADV victimization and perpetration were identified. Conclusion The present study highlights that a large proportion of Danish seventh-grade students are experiencing ADV, and that ADV preventive programs are relevant already in early adolescence. Based on the high proportion of students reporting co-occurrence of victimization and perpetration experiences, comprehensive preventive programs that focus on both victimization and perpetration experiences and the transmission of violence are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rikke Holm Bramsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark.,Aarhus Rape Crisis Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ask Elklit
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark
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Cascardi M, Chesin M, Kammen M. Personality correlates of intimate partner violence subtypes: A latent class analysis. Aggress Behav 2018. [PMID: 29528489 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) represent a heterogeneous group who engage in a variety of aggressive acts which often co-occur. However, few studies take this co-occurrence into consideration. Failure to consider overlapping forms of IPV confounds understanding of risk factors for physical IPV, which in turn undermines identification, prevention, and intervention efforts. Though rarely studied in emerging adults, personality variables have recently been identified as important correlates of IPV. The primary aims of the current studies are to identify distinct subgroups of moderate and severe psychological and physical IPV and personality covariates of class membership. Two studies were conducted at different public regional universities in the northeast (n = 500; n = 497). Both samples were about two-thirds female, approximately one-half White, one-fifth Black, and one-quarter Latino, of any race. Latent Class Analysis identified three subgroups in both studies: low, moderate, and severe IPV. The severe and moderate IPV groups included those who reported threats and moderate physical IPV while the severe IPV group also included those who engaged in severe and injurious forms of physical IPV. Multinomial regression analysis showed that impulsive aggression discriminated moderate and severe from low IPV (Study 1), and more frequent emotionally abusive and controlling behavior, a hostile-dominant interpersonal style and trait aggression discriminated among all three groups, with severe IPV having the greatest likelihood of controlling behavior and aggression (Study 2). IPV is represented by distinct subgroups that vary by severity of IPV with different personality covariates. General aggressive and domineering tendencies in relationships characterize those engaging in severe IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cascardi
- Department of PsychologyWilliam Paterson UniversityWayneNew Jersey
| | - Megan Chesin
- Department of PsychologyWilliam Paterson UniversityWayneNew Jersey
| | - Molly Kammen
- Department of PsychologyWilliam Paterson UniversityWayneNew Jersey
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Coercition sexuelle à l’adolescence : de la sexualité non consentie à la sexualité sous contrainte. SEXOLOGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sexol.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shorey RC, Wymbs B, Torres L, Cohen JR, Fite PJ, Temple JR. Does change in perceptions of peer teen dating violence predict change in teen dating violence perpetration over time? Aggress Behav 2018; 44:156-164. [PMID: 29178424 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Research has previously demonstrated that perceptions of peer's teen dating violence (TDV) is associated with one's own perpetration of TDV, although little research has examined whether this relationship is consistent across developmental time periods (i.e., mid-to-late adolescence). The present study examined whether changes in perceptions of peer's TDV predicted change in one's own perpetration of TDV in a sample of ethnically diverse adolescents from ages 15 to 18 (N = 1,042). Parallel process modeling demonstrated that decreases in perceptions of peer's TDV predicted decreases in TDV perpetration over time, and this relationship was more pronounced for males than females. These findings lend further support to the need for TDV prevention and intervention programs to include peer influence in their programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Wymbs
- Department of Psychology; Ohio University; Athens Ohio
| | - Liz Torres
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; Galveston Texas
| | | | - Paula J. Fite
- University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois
- University of Kansas; Lawrence Kansas
| | - Jeff R. Temple
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; Galveston Texas
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Fawson PR, Jones T, Younce B. Teen Dating Violence: Predicting Physical and Sexual Violence and Mental Health Symptoms Among Heterosexual Adolescent Males. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2017; 32:886-896. [PMID: 28810945 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-15-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of female-to-male intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental health symptoms among 589 male high school students. Participants completed questionnaires asking if they had experienced dating violence victimization, mental health symptoms, and violent attitudes. Correlations revealed strong positive associations between sexual, physical, and psychological IPV among male victims. Multiple regression found significant predictors of negative mental health consequences were experiencing psychological violence, experiencing physical violence, and having attitudes that accept violence. Further analysis revealed that participants who experience three types of dating violence (physical, sexual, and psychological) were significantly more likely to perpetrate physical and sexual violence. These findings suggest that violent attitudes and experiencing dating violence are significantly predictive of future negative mental health and perpetration among adolescent boys.
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García-Díaz V, Lana-Pérez A, Fernández-Feito A, Bringas-Molleda C, Rodríguez-Franco L, Rodríguez-Díaz FJ. [Sexist attitudes and recognition of abuse in young couples]. Aten Primaria 2017; 50:398-405. [PMID: 28935381 PMCID: PMC6836904 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo Explorar la asociación entre las actitudes de rol de género y el reconocimiento del maltrato en jóvenes. Diseño Estudio transversal. Emplazamiento Cincuenta y siete centros de educación secundaria, formación profesional y universitaria de 5 provincias españolas (Huelva, Sevilla, A Coruña, Pontevedra y Asturias). Participantes Un total de 4.337 estudiantes de entre 15 y 26 años (40,6% chicos y 59,4% chicas) que mantuvieron una relación de pareja durante un mes o más. Mediciones principales Se utilizó la Escala de Actitudes de Rol de Género, con 20 indicadores de actitudes igualitarias o sexistas a nivel familiar, social y laboral. También se estudió si la persona estaba en una situación de maltrato percibido (MP), maltrato no percibido (MNP) o no maltrato (NM). Resultados En el conjunto de la muestra, el 68,6% se declaró NM, el 26,4% vivía una situación de MNP y el 5,0% reconoció sufrir maltrato. El MP fue más frecuente entre las chicas (6,3%), en los/as ≥ 18 años (6,4%) y en el alumnado universitario (6,9%). El MNP fue más habitual en los chicos (30,2%). Las actitudes más sexistas se encontraron en la dimensión laboral, y especialmente en varones y en adolescentes (15-17 años). Las actitudes menos sexistas se asociaron con menor probabilidad de vivir situaciones de MNP (odds ratio = 0,71; p-tendencia < 0,001). Conclusiones El sexismo parece dificultar el reconocimiento del maltrato. Lograr la equidad de género en la adolescencia y juventud es imprescindible. Los esfuerzos deberían centrarse en los varones, por ser el grupo con actitudes más sexistas y con mayor prevalencia de MNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa García-Díaz
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España
| | - Alberto Lana-Pérez
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España.
| | - Ana Fernández-Feito
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España
| | - Carolina Bringas-Molleda
- Departamento de Psicología y Antropología, Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, España
| | - Luis Rodríguez-Franco
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
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Ludin S, Bottiani JH, Debnam K, Solis MGO, Bradshaw CP. A Cross-National Comparison of Risk Factors for Teen Dating Violence in Mexico and the United States. J Youth Adolesc 2017. [PMID: 28639204 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Involvement in dating violence has been linked with negative health outcomes including depressive symptomology, substance use, and later expressions of aggressing and victimizing behaviors. Less is known about the prevalence and mental health correlates of teen dating violence in countries like Mexico where adult partner violence is high. Additional research on teen dating violence is also needed, as it may be an important precursor to adult partner violence and linked to other mental health problems. The current study used self-report ratings to assess the similarities and differences in risk factors associated with dating violence among middle school students in Mexico and the United States. The US sample (Nus = 15,099; Mus = 12.8; 49.5% female) included non-Hispanic Caucasian (24.9%), Hispanic American (20.3%), and African American (24.2%) adolescents. The Mexican sample (NMexico = 2211; MMexico = 13.67; 51% female) included 93.1% adolescents of Hispanic or Latin descent. Logistic regressions showed that dating violence victimization was reported at similar rates in the cross-national samples, though exposure to risk factors like deviant peers and substance use differed significantly by country. Our analyses indicated that, although the country of residence was not significantly associated with dating violence victimization, the strength of the association between some known risk factors and dating violence victimization varied as a function of nationality, such that there was a significant interaction between country of residence, Mexico or the US, and experiencing internalizing symptoms on experiencing physical dating violence victimization. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on dating violence, both inside and outside the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ludin
- Department of Human Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA.
| | - Jessika H Bottiani
- Department of Human Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Katrina Debnam
- Department of Family, Community & Mental Health Systems, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | | | - Catherine P Bradshaw
- Department of Human Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
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Reed LA, Tolman RM, Ward LM. Gender matters: Experiences and consequences of digital dating abuse victimization in adolescent dating relationships. J Adolesc 2017; 59:79-89. [PMID: 28582653 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Digital dating abuse (DDA) behaviors include the use of digital media to monitor, control, threaten, harass, pressure, or coerce a dating partner. In this study, 703 high school students reported on the frequency of DDA victimization, whether they were upset by these incidents, and how they responded. Results suggest that although both girls and boys experienced DDA at similar rates of frequency (with the exception of sexual coercion), girls reported that they were more upset by these behaviors. Girls also expressed more negative emotional responses to DDA victimization than boys. Although DDA is potentially harmful for all youth, gender matters. These findings suggest that the experience and consequences of DDA may be particularly detrimental for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Reed
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Richard M Tolman
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1006, USA.
| | - L Monique Ward
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, 1004 East Hall, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, USA.
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Ogunwale AO, Oshiname FO. A Qualitative Exploration of Date Rape Survivors' Physical and Psycho-Social Experiences in a Nigerian University. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2017; 32:227-248. [PMID: 25976312 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515585541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Date rape (DR) is a serious but under-recognized public health problem that affects female university undergraduates. The burden of the problem in Nigerian universities is, however, yet to be fully investigated. The study was designed to explore the physical and psycho-social experiences of DR female survivors at the University of Ibadan. The study was qualitative in nature and involved eight consenting DR survivors. A pre-tested In-Depth Interview (IDI) guide that included questions relating to survivors' personal profile, context of DR experienced, factors that promoted survivors' vulnerability, reported adverse health consequences, help-seeking behaviors, and effects of the rape episode on dating relationship was used to facilitate the conduct of the narrative interview. The interviews were conducted in accordance to the protocol approved by the Joint University of Ibadan and University College Hospital Ethics Review Committee, and were taped-recorded and subjected to content analysis. Participants' mean age was 17.3 ± 2.3 years. All the participants were teenagers when they were first raped. Coercive and deceptive means were used to perpetrate the act of rape. Participants' use of verbal appeals, crying, and physical resistance to prevent being raped proved abortive. The experienced adverse physical health consequences included vaginal bleeding and injury. Major psycho-social effects of the experienced DR included self-blame, depression, hatred for men, and suicidal feelings. DR experiences occurred mainly in isolated settings, and most participants could not seek for medical help and other forms of care due to fear of being stigmatized. Some of the DR survivors continued their dating relationships when apologies were tendered by the perpetrators. DR is a traumatic experience, which is characterized by physical and psycho-social adverse effects. DR survivors, however, rarely seek for help as a result of the fear of being stigmatized. Multiple behavioral change interventions are needed to address the phenomenon.
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Ayala LC, Molleda CB, Pineda CE, Bellerín MÁA, Franco LR, Diaz FJR. Tolerance of abuse within Mexican adolescent relationships. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41155-016-0050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Vézina J, Hébert M, Poulin F, Lavoie F, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE. History of family violence, childhood behavior problems, and adolescent high-risk behaviors as predictors of girls' repeated patterns of dating victimization in two developmental periods. Violence Against Women 2016; 21:435-59. [PMID: 25736801 DOI: 10.1177/1077801215570481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to document the prevalence of repeated patterns of dating victimization and to examine, within the frameworks of an ecological model and lifestyle/routine activities theories, associations between such patterns and family, peer, and individual factors. Dating victimization in adolescence (age 15) and early adulthood (age 21) was evaluated in 443 female participants. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that history of family violence, childhood behavior problems, and adolescent high-risk behaviors were associated with an increased risk for girls of being victimized (psychologically and/or physically/sexually) in their dating relationships, either in adolescence or early adulthood, or at both developmental periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Vézina
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Martine Hébert
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Frank Vitaro
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Baker CK. What Role Do Peers Play in Adolescent Dating? Insights From Adolescents With a History of Dating Violence. Violence Against Women 2016; 23:178-201. [PMID: 27059898 DOI: 10.1177/1077801216638769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that peers are important to adolescent dating experiences. However, questions remain about the role peers play in adolescent relationships, including dating violence. To fill this gap, eight sex-specific focus groups were conducted with 39 high school-aged teens, all of whom had experienced prior relationship problems. Participants described how peers helped them initiate dating relationships, but once in the relationship, peers would spread rumors and create dramas that led to jealousy, discord, and violence between the couple. Prevention programs should focus on cultivating peers as helpful bystanders and counteracting peer actions that lead to dating violence.
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Baker CK. Dating Violence and Substance Use: Exploring the Context of Adolescent Relationships. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2016; 31:900-919. [PMID: 25395224 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514556768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The connection between adolescent dating violence (ADV) and substance use is important to consider because of the serious consequences for teens who engage in these behaviors. Although prior research shows that these two health problems are related, the context in which they occur is missing, including when (i.e., the timeline) in the relationship these events occur. To fill this gap, eight sex-specific focus groups were conducted with 39 high school-aged teens, all of whom had experienced prior relationship violence. Adolescents discussed using alcohol and/or drugs at the start of the dating relationship and after the relationship ended as a way to cope with the break-up. Alcohol and drugs were also used throughout to cope with being in an abusive relationship. The intersection of ADV and substance use occurred during instances when both partners were using alcohol and/or drugs, as well as when only one partner was using. These findings provide support for prevention and intervention programs that consider the intersection of ADV and substance use.
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