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Hartmann A, Grabitz SD, Wagner FM, Wild PS, Müller-Nurasyid M, Lackner KJ, Beutel ME, Münzel T, Tüscher O, Schattenberg JM, Pfeiffer N, Schuster AKG. Bi-Gaussian analysis reveals distinct education-related alterations in spherical equivalent and axial length-results from the Gutenberg Health Study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:1819-1828. [PMID: 38446204 PMCID: PMC11106185 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of spherical equivalent and axial length in the general population and to analyze the influence of education on spherical equivalent with a focus on ocular biometric parameters. METHODS The Gutenberg Health Study is a population-based cohort study in Mainz, Germany. Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations as part of the 5-year follow-up examination in 2012-2017 including genotyping. The spherical equivalent and axial length distributions were modeled with gaussian mixture models. Regression analysis (on person-individual level) was performed to analyze associations between biometric parameters and educational factors. Mendelian randomization analysis explored the causal effect between spherical equivalent, axial length, and education. Additionally, effect mediation analysis examined the link between spherical equivalent and education. RESULTS A total of 8532 study participants were included (median age: 57 years, 49% female). The distribution of spherical equivalent and axial length follows a bi-Gaussian function, partially explained by the length of education (i.e., < 11 years education vs. 11-20 years). Mendelian randomization indicated an effect of education on refractive error using a genetic risk score of education as an instrument variable (- 0.35 diopters per SD increase in the instrument, 95% CI, - 0.64-0.05, p = 0.02) and an effect of education on axial length (0.63 mm per SD increase in the instrument, 95% CI, 0.22-1.04, p = 0.003). Spherical equivalent, axial length and anterior chamber depth were associated with length of education in regression analyses. Mediation analysis revealed that the association between spherical equivalent and education is mainly driven (70%) by alteration in axial length. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of axial length and spherical equivalent is represented by subgroups of the population (bi-Gaussian). This distribution can be partially explained by length of education. The impact of education on spherical equivalent is mainly driven by alteration in axial length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alica Hartmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Desirée Grabitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Mathias Wagner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Sebastian Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Karl Johannes Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Elmar Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörn Markus Schattenberg
- Metabolic Liver Research Center, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Han X, Pan S, Liu J, Ding X, Lin X, Wang D, Xie Z, Zeng C, Liu F, He M, Zhou X, Liu T, Luo L, Liu Y. Novel loci for ocular axial length identified through extreme-phenotype genome-wide association study in Chinese populations. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:865-872. [PMID: 37524447 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-323596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate genetic loci associated with ocular axial length (AL) in the Chinese population. METHODS A genome-wide association study meta-analysis was conducted in totalling 2644 Chinese individuals from 3 cohorts: the Guangzhou cohort (GZ, 537 high myopes and 151 hyperopes), Wenzhou cohort (334 high myopes and 6 hyperopes) and Guangzhou Twin Eye Study (1051 participants with normally distributed AL). Functional mapping was performed to annotate the significant signals, possible tissues and cell types by integrating available multiomics data. Logistic regression models using AL-associated SNPs were constructed to predict three AL status in GZ. RESULTS Two novel loci (1q25.2 FAM163A and 7p22.2 SDK1) showed genome-wide significant associations with AL, together explaining 29.63% of AL variance in GZ. The two lead SNPs improved the prediction accuracy for AL status, especially for hyperopes. The frequencies of AL decreasing (less myopic) alleles of the two SNPs were lowest in East Asians as compared with other populations (rs17370084: f EAS=0.03, f EUR=0.24, f AFR=0.05; rs73046501: f EAS=0.06, f EUR=0.07, f AFR=0.20), which was in line with the global distribution of myopia. The cerebral cortex and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons showed possible functional involvement in myopia development, and the galactose metabolic pathways were significantly enriched. CONCLUSION Our study identified two population-specific novel loci for AL, expanding our understanding of the genetic basis of AL and providing evidence for a role of the nervous system and glucose metabolism in myopia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Decai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changqing Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- Experimental Ophthalmology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tianzi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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Han X, Shen Q, Hou C, Yang H, Chen W, Zeng Y, Qu Y, Suo C, Ye W, Fang F, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Song H. Disease clusters subsequent to anxiety and stress-related disorders and their genetic determinants. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1209. [PMID: 38332132 PMCID: PMC10853285 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety/stress-related disorders have been associated with multiple diseases, whereas a comprehensive assessment of the structure and interplay of subsequent associated diseases and their genetic underpinnings is lacking. Here, we first identify 136, out of 454 tested, medical conditions associated with incident anxiety/stress-related disorders attended in specialized care using a population-based cohort from the nationwide Swedish Patient Register, comprising 70,026 patients with anxiety/stress-related disorders and 1:10 birth year- and sex-matched unaffected individuals. By combining findings from the comorbidity network and disease trajectory analyses, we identify five robust disease clusters to be associated with a prior diagnosis of anxiety/stress-related disorders, featured by predominance of psychiatric disorders, eye diseases, ear diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and skin and genitourinary diseases. These five clusters and their featured diseases are largely validated in the UK Biobank. GWAS analyses based on the UK Biobank identify 3, 33, 40, 4, and 16 significantly independent single nucleotide polymorphisms for the link to the five disease clusters, respectively, which are mapped to several distinct risk genes and biological pathways. These findings motivate further mechanistic explorations and aid early risk assessment for cluster-based disease prevention among patients with newly diagnosed anxiety/stress-related disorders in specialized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Han
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Shen
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Can Hou
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huazhen Yang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Suo
- Department of Epidemiology & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Fudan University, Taizhou, China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Unnur A Valdimarsdóttir
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huan Song
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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Hu T, Wu R, Wang W, Li H, Peng X. Analysis of factors related to the development of ocular biometric parameters in Chinese children aged 6-10 years: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e080066. [PMID: 38320844 PMCID: PMC10859994 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emmetropia depends on the precise coordination of ocular biometry, including axial length (AL), corneal curvature, lens thickness and anterior chamber depth (ACD). Disruption of this coordination leads to refractive errors such as myopia. This article aimed to determine the factors affecting ocular biometry and myopia development in young children. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING This study was conducted in a primary school in the Yanqing district of Beijing, China. PARTICIPANTS 792 students in grades 1-3 without hyperopia (>+2.00 D), strabismus, or amblyopia were selected. EXCLUSIONS students had conditions affecting best corrected visual acuity and whose guardians refused to provide informed consent. Ocular biometric measurements and non-cycloplegia autorefraction were performed. The questionnaire addressed factors such as perinatal factors and environmental factors. INTERVENTIONS None. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES Ocular biometry and myopia. RESULTS According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, electronic screen use >2 hours/day (OR=2.175, p=0.013), paternal myopia (OR=1.761, p=0.002), maternal myopia (OR=1.718, p=0.005), taller height (OR=1.071, p<0.001), maternal education (OR=0.631, p=0.012) and maternal gestational hypertension (OR=0.330, p=0.042) were associated with myopia. AL was affected by female sex (OR=0.295, p<0.001), older age (OR=1.272, p=0.002) and taller height (OR=1.045, p<0.001). Female sex (OR=0.509, p<0.001), taller height (OR=1.046, p<0.001), use of electronic screens >2 hours each day (OR=3.596, p<0.001) and time spent outdoors >2 hours each day (OR=0.431, p=0.001) influenced ACD incidence. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was associated with older age (OR=1.113, p=0.008), paternal education (OR=1.474, p=0.007), premature birth (OR=0.494, p=0.031), history of blue light therapy in infancy (OR=0.636, p=0.041) and history of incubator therapy in infancy (OR=0.263, p=0.009). Only sex influenced corneal curvature. CONCLUSIONS The factors associated with myopia were partly related to ACD and AL, and perinatal factors were associated with myopia and CCT. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2200065398.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Yanqing District Hospital (Peking University Third Hospital Yanqing Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Yanqing District Hospital (Peking University Third Hospital Yanqing Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Weisuo Wang
- Beijing Yanqing District Primary and Secondary HealthCare Station, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Li
- Beijing Yanqing District Primary and Secondary HealthCare Station, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
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Chi K, Li B, Huang H, Sun J, Zheng Y, Zhao L. Exploring the Research Landscape of High Myopia: Trends, Contributors, and Key Areas of Focus. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941670. [PMID: 38111192 PMCID: PMC10748438 DOI: 10.12659/msm.941670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia results when light rays focus before reaching the retina, causing blurred vision. High myopia (HM), defined by a refractive error of ≤-6 diopters (D) or an axial length of ≥26 mm, is an extreme form of this condition. The progression from HM to pathological myopia (PM) is marked by extensive ocular axis elongation. The rise in myopia has escalated concerns for HM due to its potential progression to pathological myopia. The covert progression of HM calls for thorough analysis of its current research landscape. MATERIAL AND METHODS HM-related publications from 2003-2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Using VOSviewer and Citespace software, we conducted a bibliometric and visualized analysis to create document co-citation network maps. These maps detailed authors, institutions, countries, key terms, and significant literature. RESULTS From 9,079 articles, 8,241 were reviewed. An increasing trend in publications was observed, with Kyoko Ohno-Matsui identified as a top contributor. The Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery was the primary publication outlet. Chinese researchers and institutions were notably active. The document citation network identified five focal areas: refractive surgery, clinical manifestations/treatment, prevention/control, genetics, and open angle glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS Research emphasis in HM has shifted from refractive surgery for visual acuity enhancement to the diagnosis, classification, prevention, and control of HM complications. Proposals for early myopia intervention to prevent HM are gaining attention. Genetics and HM's link with open angle glaucoma, though smaller in focus, significantly enhance our understanding of HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyao Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jianhao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yanlin Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
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Huang T, Wang Y, Wang Z, Long Q, Li Y, Chen D. Complement-mediated inflammation and mitochondrial energy metabolism in the proteomic profile of myopic human corneas. J Proteomics 2023; 285:104949. [PMID: 37331426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Myopia is one of the most common causes of visual impairment worldwide. To identify proteins related to myopiagenesis, data-independent acquisition proteomic analysis was performed using corneal lenticules of myopic patients who underwent small incision lenticule extraction surgery. A total of 19 lenticules from 19 age and sex-matched patients were analyzed, 10 in high refractive error (HR, spherical equivalent over -6.00 D) group and 9 in low refractive error (LR, spherical equivalent between -3.00 and - 1.00 D) group. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by comparing the corneal proteome between the two groups. Functional analyses were performed to explore the biological pathways and interactions of the DEPs. 107 DEPs (67 upregulated and 40 downregulated in HR group, compared to LR) were identified from 2138 quantified proteins. Functional analyses indicated that upregulated proteins were primarily involved in the complement pathways and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, while downregulated proteins were involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism. Western blot analysis confirmed increased complement C3a and apolipoprotein E in HR samples, further supporting the proteomics data. In conclusion, this proteomic study reveals that proteins associated with the complement system, ECM remodeling, and mitochondrial energy metabolism might be key effectors in myopiagenesis. SIGNIFICANCE: Myopia has become one of the most prevalent causes of visual impairment, especially in Asia. The underlying mechanism of myopia development is still up for debate. This study compares the proteomic profiles of high and low myopic corneas, identifying differentially expressed proteins associated with the complement system, ECM remodeling, and mitochondrial energy metabolism. The findings of this study could provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of myopia. The complement system and mitochondrial energy metabolism may provide potential therapeutic targets in the treatment and prevention of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhonghai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qin Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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Jiang C, Melles RB, Yin J, Fan Q, Guo X, Cheng CY, He M, Mackey DA, Guggenheim JA, Klaver C, Nair KS, Jorgenson E, Choquet H. A multiethnic genome-wide analysis of 19,420 individuals identifies novel loci associated with axial length and shared genetic influences with refractive error and myopia. Front Genet 2023; 14:1113058. [PMID: 37351342 PMCID: PMC10282939 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Long axial length (AL) is a risk factor for myopia. Although family studies indicate that AL has an important genetic component with heritability estimates up to 0.94, there have been few reports of AL-associated loci. Methods: Here, we conducted a multiethnic genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AL in 19,420 adults of European, Latino, Asian, and African ancestry from the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort, with replication in a subset of the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia (CREAM) cohorts of European or Asian ancestry. We further examined the effect of the identified loci on the mean spherical equivalent (MSE) within the GERA cohort. We also performed genome-wide genetic correlation analyses to quantify the genetic overlap between AL and MSE or myopia risk in the GERA European ancestry sample. Results: Our multiethnic GWA analysis of AL identified a total of 16 genomic loci, of which 5 are novel. We found that all AL-associated loci were significantly associated with MSE after Bonferroni correction. We also found that AL was genetically correlated with MSE (rg = -0.83; SE, 0.04; p = 1.95 × 10-89) and myopia (rg = 0.80; SE, 0.05; p = 2.84 × 10-55). Finally, we estimated the array heritability for AL in the GERA European ancestry sample using LD score regression, and found an overall heritability estimate of 0.37 (s.e. = 0.04). Discussion: In this large and multiethnic study, we identified novel loci, associated with AL at a genome-wide significance level, increasing substantially our understanding of the etiology of AL variation. Our results also demonstrate an association between AL-associated loci and MSE and a shared genetic basis between AL and myopia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Ronald B. Melles
- KPNC, Department of Ophthalmology, Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Jie Yin
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Qiao Fan
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- Department of Statistical Science, School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Southern China Center for Statistical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, WA, Australia
| | - David A. Mackey
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jeremy A. Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Klaver
- Department Ophthalmology, Department Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - K. Saidas Nair
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Hélène Choquet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Oakland, CA, United States
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Bao B, Liu J, Li T, Yang Z, Wang G, Xin J, Bi H, Guo D. Elevated retinal fibrosis in experimental myopia is involved in the activation of the PI3K/AKT/ERK signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 743:109663. [PMID: 37290701 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of the PI3K/AKT/ERK signaling pathway in retinal fibrosis in -6.0 diopter (D) lens-induced myopic (LIM) guinea pigs. METHODS Biological measurements of eye tissues were performed on guinea pigs to obtain their refraction, axial length, retinal thickness, physiological function, and fundus retinal status. In addition, Masson staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) assay were further done to explore the changes in retinal morphology after myopic induction. Meanwhile, hydroxyproline (HYP) content was measured to evaluate the degree of retinal fibrosis. Moreover, the levels of the PI3K/AKT/ERK signaling pathway and fibrosis-related molecules in retinal tissues including matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2), collagen type I (Collagen I), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. RESULTS The LIM guinea pigs showed a significant myopic shift in refractive error and an increase in axial length compared with those of the normal control (NC) group. Masson staining, hydroxyproline content determination, and IHC showed an increase in retinal fibrosis. After myopic induction, qPCR and western blot analyses showed that phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase catalytic subunit α (PIK3CA), protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), MMP2, Collagen I, and α-SMA were consistently elevated in the LIM group than those in the NC group. CONCLUSION The PI3K/AKT/ERK signaling pathway was activated in the retinal tissues of myopic guinea pigs, which exaggerated fibrotic lesions and reduced retinal thickness, ultimately leading to retinal physiological dysfunctions in myopic guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Tuling Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Guimin Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Jizhao Xin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250002, China.
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9
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Lu Q, Du Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Li H, He W, Tang Y, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Wu J, Zhu X, Lu Y. A Genome-Wide Association Study for Susceptibility to Axial Length in Highly Myopic Eyes. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:255-267. [PMID: 37325711 PMCID: PMC10260730 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High myopia has long been highly prevalent worldwide with a largely yet unexplained genetic contribution. To identify novel susceptibility genes for axial length (AL) in highly myopic eyes, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using the genomic dataset of 350 deep whole-genome sequencing data from highly myopic patients. Top single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were functionally annotated. Immunofluorescence staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot were performed using neural retina of form-deprived myopic mice. Enrichment analyses were further performed. We identified the four top SNPs and found that ADAM Metallopeptidase With Thrombospondin Type 1 Motif 16 (ADAMTS16) and Phosphatidylinositol Glycan Anchor Biosynthesis Class Z (PIGZ) had the potential of clinical significance. Animal experiments confirmed that PIGZ expression could be observed and showed higher expression level in form-deprived mice, especially in the ganglion cell layer. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of both ADAMTS16 and PIGZ were significantly higher in the neural retina of form-deprived eyes (p = 0.005 and 0.007 respectively), and both proteins showed significantly upregulated expression in the neural retina of deprived eyes (p = 0.004 and 0.042, respectively). Enrichment analysis revealed a significant role of cellular adhesion and signal transduction in AL, and also several AL-related pathways including circadian entrainment and inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channels were proposed. In conclusion, the current study identified four novel SNPs associated with AL in highly myopic eyes and confirmed that the expression of ADAMTS16 and PIGZ was significantly upregulated in neural retina of deprived eyes. Enrichment analyses provided novel insight into the etiology of high myopia and opened avenues for future research interest. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-022-00082-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Wenwen He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yating Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Zhennan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yinglei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Xiangjia Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
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10
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Gelemanović A, Ćatipović Ardalić T, Pribisalić A, Hayward C, Kolčić I, Polašek O. Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis Identifies Multiple Novel Rare Variants to Predict Common Human Infectious Diseases Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7006. [PMID: 37108169 PMCID: PMC10138356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases still threaten global human health, and host genetic factors have been indicated as determining risk factors for observed variations in disease susceptibility, severity, and outcome. We performed a genome-wide meta-analysis on 4624 subjects from the 10,001 Dalmatians cohort, with 14 infection-related traits. Despite a rather small number of cases in some instances, we detected 29 infection-related genetic associations, mostly belonging to rare variants. Notably, the list included the genes CD28, INPP5D, ITPKB, MACROD2, and RSF1, all of which have known roles in the immune response. Expanding our knowledge on rare variants could contribute to the development of genetic panels that could assist in predicting an individual's life-long susceptibility to major infectious diseases. In addition, longitudinal biobanks are an interesting source of information for identifying the host genetic variants involved in infectious disease susceptibility and severity. Since infectious diseases continue to act as a selective pressure on our genomes, there is a constant need for a large consortium of biobanks with access to genetic and environmental data to further elucidate the complex mechanisms behind host-pathogen interactions and infectious disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gelemanović
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | - Ajka Pribisalić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of General Courses, Algebra University College, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Department of General Courses, Algebra University College, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Brown-Panton CA, Sabour S, Zoidl GSO, Zoidl C, Tabatabaei N, Zoidl GR. Gap junction Delta-2b ( gjd2b/Cx35.1) depletion causes hyperopia and visual-motor deficiencies in the zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1150273. [PMID: 36936688 PMCID: PMC10017553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1150273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is a powerful model to investigate the developmental roles of electrical synapses because many signaling pathways that regulate the development of the nervous system are highly conserved from fish to humans. Here, we provide evidence linking the mammalian connexin-36 (Cx36) ortholog gjd2b/Cx35.1, a major component of electrical synapses in the zebrafish, with a refractive error in the context of morphological, molecular, and behavioral changes of zebrafish larvae. Two abnormalities were identified. The optical coherence tomography analysis of the adult retina confirmed changes to the refractive properties caused by eye axial length reduction, leading to hyperopic shifts. The gjd2b/Cx35.1 depletion was also correlated with morphological changes to the head and body ratios in larvae. The differential expression of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling genes, connexins, and dopamine receptors suggested a contribution to the observed phenotypic differences. The alteration of visual-motor behavioral responses to abrupt light transitions was aggravated in larvae, providing evidence that cone photoreceptor cell activity was enhanced when gjd2b/Cx35.1 was depleted. The visual disturbances were reversed under low light conditions in gjd2b -/- /Cx35.1-/- larvae. Since qRT-PCR data demonstrated that two rhodopsin genes were downregulated, we speculated that rod photoreceptor cells in gjd2b/Cx35.1-/- larvae were less sensitive to bright light transitions, thus providing additional evidence that a cone-mediated process caused the VMR light-ON hyperactivity after losing Cx35.1 expression. Together, this study provides evidence for the role of gjd2b/Cx35.1 in the development of the visual system and visually guided behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie A. Brown-Panton
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Cherie A. Brown-Panton, ; Georg R. Zoidl,
| | - Shiva Sabour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Georg S. O. Zoidl
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christiane Zoidl
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nima Tabatabaei
- Center for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Georg R. Zoidl
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Cherie A. Brown-Panton, ; Georg R. Zoidl,
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12
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Desmettre T, Gatinel D, Leveziel N. Épigénétique et myopie : mécanismes et perspectives thérapeutiques. J Fr Ophtalmol 2022; 45:1209-1216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Moledina M, Charteris DG, Chandra A. The Genetic Architecture of Non-Syndromic Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091675. [PMID: 36140841 PMCID: PMC9498391 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is the most common form of retinal detachment (RD), affecting 1 in 10,000 patients per year. The condition has significant ocular morbidity, with a sizeable proportion of patients obtaining poor visual outcomes. Despite this, the genetics underpinning Idiopathic Retinal Detachment (IRD) remain poorly understood; this is likely due to small sample sizes in relevant studies. The majority of research pertains to the well-characterised Mende lian syndromes, such as Sticklers and Wagners, associated with RRD. Nevertheless, in recent years, there has been an increasing body of literature identifying the common genetic mutations and mechanisms associated with IRD. Several recent Genomic Wide Association Studies (GWAS) studies have identified a number of genetic loci related to the development of IRD. Our review aims to provide an up-to-date summary of the significant genetic mechanisms and associations of Idiopathic RRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Moledina
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southend University Hospital, Mid & South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Southend-on-Sea SS0 0RY, UK
| | - David G. Charteris
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Vitreoretinal Unit, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Aman Chandra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southend University Hospital, Mid & South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Southend-on-Sea SS0 0RY, UK
- School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-7914-817445
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14
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Hou XW, Wang Y, Wu Q, Ke C, Pan CW. A review of study designs and data analyses in metabolomics studies in myopia. Anal Biochem 2022; 655:114850. [PMID: 35970413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics analyzes the entire range of small molecule metabolites in biological systems to reveal the response signals that are transmitted from "genetics and environment", which could help us understand complex phenotypes of diseases. Metabolomics has been successfully applied to the study of eye diseases including age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. In this review, we summarize the findings of myopic metabolomics and discuss them from a design and analysis perspective. Finally, we provide new ideas for the future development of myopia metabolomics research based on the broader ocular metabolomics study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Hou
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chaofu Ke
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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15
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Mai S, Zhu X, Wan EYC, Wu S, Yonathan JN, Wang J, Li Y, Ma JYW, Zuo B, Tse DYY, Lo PC, Wang X, Chan KM, Wu DM, Xiong W. Postnatal eye size in mice is controlled by SREBP2-mediated transcriptional repression of Lrp2 and Bmp2. Development 2022; 149:276005. [PMID: 35833708 PMCID: PMC9382895 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Eye size is a key parameter of visual function, but the precise mechanisms of eye size control remain poorly understood. Here, we discovered that the lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) has an unanticipated function in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to promote eye size in postnatal mice. SREBP2 transcriptionally represses low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 (Lrp2), which has been shown to restrict eye overgrowth. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is the downstream effector of Srebp2 and Lrp2, and Bmp2 is suppressed by SREBP2 transcriptionally but activated by Lrp2. During postnatal development, SREBP2 protein expression in the RPE decreases whereas that of Lrp2 and Bmp2 increases as the eye growth rate reduces. Bmp2 is the key determinant of eye size such that its level in mouse RPE inversely correlates with eye size. Notably, RPE-specific Bmp2 overexpression by adeno-associated virus effectively prevents the phenotypes caused by Lrp2 knock out. Together, our study shows that rapid postnatal eye size increase is governed by an RPE-derived signaling pathway, which consists of both positive and negative regulators of eye growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Mai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Esther Yi Ching Wan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengyu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024 Taiyuan, China
| | - Jessica Yuen Wuen Ma
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bing Zuo
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dennis Yan-Yin Tse
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre for SHARP Vision, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kui Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - David M Wu
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Wenjun Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Brown DM, Mazade R, Clarkson-Townsend D, Hogan K, Datta Roy PM, Pardue MT. Candidate pathways for retina to scleral signaling in refractive eye growth. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109071. [PMID: 35447101 PMCID: PMC9701099 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of myopia, or nearsightedness, has increased at an alarming rate over the last few decades. An eye is myopic if incoming light focuses prior to reaching the retinal photoreceptors, which indicates a mismatch in its shape and optical power. This mismatch commonly results from excessive axial elongation. Important drivers of the myopia epidemic include environmental factors, genetic factors, and their interactions, e.g., genetic factors influencing the effects of environmental factors. One factor often hypothesized to be a driver of the myopia epidemic is environmental light, which has changed drastically and rapidly on a global scale. In support of this, it is well established that eye size is regulated by a homeostatic process that incorporates visual cues (emmetropization). This process allows the eye to detect and minimize refractive errors quite accurately and locally over time by modulating the rate of elongation of the eye via remodeling its outermost coat, the sclera. Critically, emmetropization is not dependent on post-retinal processing. Thus, visual cues appear to influence axial elongation through a retina-to-sclera, or retinoscleral, signaling cascade, capable of transmitting information from the innermost layer of the eye to the outermost layer. Despite significant global research interest, the specifics of retinoscleral signaling pathways remain elusive. While a few pharmacological treatments have proven to be effective in slowing axial elongation (most notably topical atropine), the mechanisms behind these treatments are still not fully understood. Additionally, several retinal neuromodulators, neurotransmitters, and other small molecules have been found to influence axial length and/or refractive error or be influenced by myopigenic cues, yet little progress has been made explaining how the signal that originates in the retina crosses the highly vascular choroid to affect the sclera. Here, we compile and synthesize the evidence surrounding three of the major candidate pathways receiving significant research attention - dopamine, retinoic acid, and adenosine. All three candidates have both correlational and causal evidence backing their involvement in axial elongation and have been implicated by multiple independent research groups across diverse species. Two hypothesized mechanisms are presented for how a retina-originating signal crosses the choroid - via 1) all-trans retinoic acid or 2) choroidal blood flow influencing scleral oxygenation. Evidence of crosstalk between the pathways is discussed in the context of these two mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon M Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Reece Mazade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Danielle Clarkson-Townsend
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kelleigh Hogan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Pooja M Datta Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30033, USA.
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17
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Williams KM, Georgiou M, Kalitzeos A, Chow I, Hysi PG, Robson AG, Lingham G, Chen FK, Mackey DA, Webster AR, Hammond CJ, Prokhoda P, Carroll J, Michaelides M, Mahroo OA. Axial Length Distributions in Patients With Genetically Confirmed Inherited Retinal Diseases. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:15. [PMID: 35704304 PMCID: PMC9206393 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.6.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated axial length (AL) distributions in inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), comparing them with reference cohorts. Methods AL measurements from IRD natural history study participants were included and compared with reference cohorts (TwinsUK, Raine Study Gen2-20, and published studies). Comparing with the Raine Study cohort, formal odds ratios (ORs) for AL ≥ 26 mm or AL ≤ 22 mm were derived for each IRD (Firth's logistic regression model, adjusted for age and sex). Results Measurements were available for 435 patients (median age, 19.5 years). Of 19 diseases, 10 had >10 participants: ABCA4 retinopathy; CNGB3- and CNGA3-associated achromatopsia; RPGR-associated disease; RPE65-associated disease; blue cone monochromacy (BCM); Bornholm eye disease (BED); TYR- and OCA2-associated oculocutaneous albinism; and GPR143-associated ocular albinism. Compared with the TwinsUK cohort (n = 322; median age, 65.1 years) and Raine Study cohort (n = 1335; median age, 19.9 years), AL distributions were wider in the IRD groups. Increased odds for longer ALs were observed for BCM, BED, RPGR, RPE65, OCA2, and TYR; increased odds for short AL were observed for RPE65, TYR, and GPR143. In subanalysis of RPGR-associated disease, longer average ALs occurred in cone-rod dystrophy (n = 5) than rod-cone dystrophy (P = 0.002). Conclusions Several diseases showed increased odds for longer AL (highest OR with BCM); some showed increased odds for shorter AL (highest OR with GPR143). Patients with RPE65- and TYR-associated disease showed increased odds for longer and for shorter eyes. Albinism genes were associated with different effects on AL. These findings add to the phenotype of IRDs and may yield insights into mechanisms of refractive error development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Williams
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, FoLSM, King's College London, United Kingdom.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, FoLSM, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michalis Georgiou
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Jones Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Angelos Kalitzeos
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Chow
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, FoLSM, King's College London, United Kingdom.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, FoLSM, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pirro G Hysi
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, FoLSM, King's College London, United Kingdom.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, FoLSM, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Robson
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Lingham
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fred K Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (Incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew R Webster
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, FoLSM, King's College London, United Kingdom.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, FoLSM, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Polina Prokhoda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Joseph Carroll
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Omar A Mahroo
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, FoLSM, King's College London, United Kingdom.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, FoLSM, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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González-Iglesias E, López-Vázquez A, Noval S, Nieves-Moreno M, Granados-Fernández M, Arruti N, Rosa-Pérez I, Pacio-Míguez M, Montaño VEF, Rodríguez-Solana P, del Pozo A, Santos-Simarro F, Vallespín E. Next-Generation Sequencing Screening of 43 Families with Non-Syndromic Early-Onset High Myopia: A Clinical and Genetic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084233. [PMID: 35457050 PMCID: PMC9031962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset high myopia (EoHM) is a disease that causes a spherical refraction error of ≥-6 diopters before 10 years of age, with potential multiple ocular complications. In this article, we report a clinical and genetic study of 43 families with EoHM recruited in our center. A complete ophthalmological evaluation was performed, and a sample of peripheral blood was obtained from proband and family members. DNA was analyzed using a customized next-generation sequencing panel that included 419 genes related to ophthalmological disorders with a suspected genetic cause, and genes related to EoHM pathogenesis. We detected pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 23.9% of the families and detected variants of unknown significance in 76.1%. Of these, 5.7% were found in genes related to non-syndromic EoHM, 48.6% in genes associated with inherited retinal dystrophies that can include a syndromic phenotype, and 45.7% in genes that are not directly related to EoHM or retinal dystrophy. We found no candidate genes in 23% of the patients, which suggests that further studies are needed. We propose a systematic genetic analysis for patients with EoHM because it helps with follow-up, prognosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva González-Iglesias
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
| | - Ana López-Vázquez
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Susana Noval
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - María Nieves-Moreno
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - María Granados-Fernández
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Natalia Arruti
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Irene Rosa-Pérez
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Marta Pacio-Míguez
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
- Section of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria E. F. Montaño
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
| | - Patricia Rodríguez-Solana
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
| | - Angela del Pozo
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
- Section of Clinical Bioinformatics, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
- Section of Clinical Genetics, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vallespín
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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Ha A, Kim CY, Shim SR, Chang IB, Kim YK. Degree of Myopia and Glaucoma Risk: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 236:107-119. [PMID: 34648776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To verify the dose-response relation between the degree of myopia and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) risk DESIGN: Dose-response meta-analysis. METHODS We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases for population-based studies published until November 30, 2020, and reporting on both myopia and OAG. Random-effect models generated pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs. Results robustness was confirmed by influence and subgroup analyses. A 2-stage dose-response meta-analysis calculated the OAG risk per unit dose of myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] decrease of 1 diopter [D]) and examined the relationship pattern. RESULTS The meta-analysis comprised 24 studies in 11 countries (514,265 individuals). The pooled OR of any myopia degree's association with OAG was 1.88 (95% CI, 1.66-2.13; I2 = 53%). The OR differences based on ethnicity (Asians vs Westerners) or 5 geographic areas were not statistically significant (P = .80 and P = .06, respectively). The pooled ORs of the associations between low, moderate, moderate-to-high, high myopia, and OAG were 1.50 (95% CI, 1.29-1.76), 1.69 (95% CI, 1.33-2.15), 2.27 (95% CI, 1.74-2.96), and 4.14 (95% CI, 2.57-6.69), respectively. According to the dose-response meta-analysis, the pooled OR (per SE 1-D change) was 1.21 (95% CI, 1.15-1.28). The OAG risk accelerated at approximately -6 D, and further accelerated from -8 D, showing a nonlinear concave upward slope (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS For each unit (1-D) increase in myopia, the risk of glaucoma increases by approximately 20%. The risk more steeply increases in high-degree myopia, representing a significant nonlinear relationship.
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20
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Myopia Genetics and Heredity. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9030382. [PMID: 35327754 PMCID: PMC8947159 DOI: 10.3390/children9030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Myopia is the most common eye condition leading to visual impairment and is greatly influenced by genetics. Over the last two decades, more than 400 associated gene loci have been mapped for myopia and refractive errors via family linkage analyses, candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Lifestyle factors, such as excessive near work and short outdoor time, are the primary external factors affecting myopia onset and progression. Notably, besides becoming a global health issue, myopia is more prevalent and severe among East Asians than among Caucasians, especially individuals of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean ancestry. Myopia, especially high myopia, can be serious in consequences. The etiology of high myopia is complex. Prediction for progression of myopia to high myopia can help with prevention and early interventions. Prediction models are thus warranted for risk stratification. There have been vigorous investigations on molecular genetics and lifestyle factors to establish polygenic risk estimations for myopia. However, genes causing myopia have to be identified in order to shed light on pathogenesis and pathway mechanisms. This report aims to examine current evidence regarding (1) the genetic architecture of myopia; (2) currently associated myopia loci identified from the OMIM database, genetic association studies, and NGS studies; (3) gene-environment interactions; and (4) the prediction of myopia via polygenic risk scores (PRSs). The report also discusses various perspectives on myopia genetics and heredity.
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21
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van der Sande E, Haarman AEG, Quint WH, Tadema KCD, Meester-Smoor MA, Kamermans M, De Zeeuw CI, Klaver CCW, Winkelman BHJ, Iglesias AI. The Role of GJD2(Cx36) in Refractive Error Development. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:5. [PMID: 35262731 PMCID: PMC8934558 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractive errors are common eye disorders characterized by a mismatch between the focal power of the eye and its axial length. An increased axial length is a common cause of the refractive error myopia (nearsightedness). The substantial increase in myopia prevalence over the last decades has raised public health concerns because myopia can lead to severe ocular complications later in life. Genomewide association studies (GWAS) have made considerable contributions to the understanding of the genetic architecture of refractive errors. Among the hundreds of genetic variants identified, common variants near the gap junction delta-2 (GJD2) gene have consistently been reported as one of the top hits. GJD2 encodes the connexin 36 (Cx36) protein, which forms gap junction channels and is highly expressed in the neural retina. In this review, we provide current evidence that links GJD2(Cx36) to the development of myopia. We summarize the gap junctional communication in the eye and the specific role of GJD2(Cx36) in retinal processing of visual signals. Finally, we discuss the pathways involving dopamine and gap junction phosphorylation and coupling as potential mechanisms that may explain the role of GJD2(Cx36) in refractive error development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie van der Sande
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annechien E. G. Haarman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H. Quint
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirke C. D. Tadema
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda A. Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Kamermans
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Physics and Biomedical Photonics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beerend H. J. Winkelman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Art & Science (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana I. Iglesias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Fuse N, Sakurai M, Motoike IN, Kojima K, Takai-Igarashi T, Nakaya N, Tsuchiya N, Nakamura T, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Miyazawa A, Homma K, Ido K, Taira M, Kobayashi T, Shimizu R, Uruno A, Kodama EN, Suzuki K, Hamanaka Y, Tomita H, Sugawara J, Suzuki Y, Nagami F, Ogishima S, Katsuoka F, Minegishi N, Hozawa A, Kuriyama S, Yaegashi N, Kure S, Kinoshita K, Yamamoto M. Genome-wide Association Study of Axial Length in Population-based Cohorts in Japan. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 2:100113. [PMID: 36246171 PMCID: PMC9559092 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2022.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To elucidate the differences in ocular biometric parameters by generation and gender and to identify axial length (AL)-associated genetic variants in Japanese individuals, we analyzed Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo) Eye Study data. Design We designed the ToMMo Eye Study, examined AL variations, and conducted genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Participants In total, 33 483 participants aged > 18 years who were recruited into the community-based cohort (CommCohort) and the birth and three-generation cohort (BirThree Cohort) of the ToMMo Eye Study were examined. Methods Each participant was screened with an interview, ophthalmic examinations, and a microarray analysis. The GWASs were performed in 22 379 participants in the CommCohort (discovery stage) and 11 104 participants in the BirThree Cohort (replication stage). We evaluated the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with AL using a genome-wide significance threshold (5 × 10-8) in each stage of the study and in the subsequent meta-analysis. Main Outcome Measures We identified the association of SNPs with AL and distributions of AL in right and left eyes and individuals of different sexes and ages. Results In the discovery stage, the mean AL of the right eye (23.99 mm) was significantly greater than that of the left eye (23.95 mm). This difference was reproducible across sexes and ages. The GWASs revealed 703 and 215 AL-associated SNPs with genome-wide significance in the discovery and validation stages, respectively, and many of the SNPs in the discovery stage were replicated in the validation stage. Validated SNPs and their associated loci were meta-analyzed for statistical significance (P < 5 × 10-8). This study identified 1478 SNPs spread over 31 loci. Of the 31 loci, 5 are known AL loci, 15 are known refractive-error loci, 4 are known corneal-curvature loci, and 7 loci are newly identified loci that are not known to be associated with AL. Of note, some of them shared functional relationships with previously identified loci. Conclusions Our large-scale GWASs exploiting ToMMo Eye Study data identified 31 loci linked to variations in AL, 7 of which are newly reported in this article. The results revealed genetic heterogeneity and similarity in SNPs related to ethnic variations in AL.
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Zhang W, Lai CK, Huang W, Li W, Wu S, Kong Q, Hopkinson AC, Fernie AR, Siu KWM, Yan S. An eco-friendly, low-cost, and automated strategy for phosphoproteome profiling. GREEN CHEMISTRY 2022; 24:9697-9708. [DOI: 10.1039/d2gc02345h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
An automated, online analysis platform using a reusable phos-trap column helps reduce organic solvent, plastic consumables, waste, and labor costs in phosphoproteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Cheuk-Kuen Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shaowen Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qian Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Alan C. Hopkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - K. W. Michael Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Shijuan Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Mutational screening of AGRN, SLC39A5, SCO2, P4HA2, BSG, ZNF644, and CPSF1 in a Chinese cohort of 103 patients with nonsyndromic high myopia. Mol Vis 2021; 27:706-717. [PMID: 35002215 PMCID: PMC8684808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose High myopia (HM) is one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss in the world. Many myopia loci have been uncovered with linkage analysis, genome-wide association studies, and sequencing analysis. Numerous pathogenic genes within these loci have been detected in a portion of HM cases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the genetic basis of 103 patients with nonsyndromic HM, focusing on the reported causal genes. Methods A total of 103 affected individuals with nonsyndromic HM were recruited, including 101 patients with unrelated sporadic HM and a mother and son pair. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, and genomic DNA samples were extracted from the peripheral blood. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the mother and son pair as well as on the unaffected father. Sanger sequencing was used to identify mutations in the remaining 101 patients. Bioinformatics analysis was subsequently applied to verify the mutations. Results An extremely rare mutation in AGRN (c.2627A>T, p.K876M) was identified in the mother and son pair but not in the unaffected father. Another two mutations in AGRN (c.4787C>T, p.P1596L/c.5056G>A, p.G1686S) were identified in two unrelated patients. A total of eight heterozygous variants potentially affecting the protein function were detected in eight of the remaining 99 patients, including c.1350delC, p.V451Cfs*76 and c.1023_1024insA, p.P342Tfs*41 in SLC39A5; c.244_246delAAG, p.K82del in SCO2; c.545A>G, p.Y182C in P4HA2; c.415C>T, p.P139S in BSG; c.3266A>G, p.Y1089C in ZNF644; and c.2252C>T, p.S751L and c.1708C>T, p.R570C in CPSF1. Multiple bioinformatics analyses were conducted, and a comparison to a group with geographically matched controls was performed, which supported the potential pathogenicity of these variants. Conclusions We provide further evidence for the potential role of AGRN in HM inheritance and enlarged the current genetic spectrum of nonsyndromic HM by comprehensively screening the reported causal genes.
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Bhattacharjee H, Buragohain S, Javeri H, Deshmukh S. Optical biometry and influence of media opacity due to cataract on development of axial length in NorthEast Indian paediatric patients- A prospective study. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:374. [PMID: 34686183 PMCID: PMC8539773 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the influence of media opacity due to cataract on the development of axial length in paediatric patients from North-East India, using optical biometry. METHOD This is a prospective, observational study, including consecutive patients attending the paediatric ophthalmology clinic, over a period of 1 year. Patients with other ocular and systemic diseases, unfit for optical biometry measurements due to dense cataract, nystagmus and strabismus were excluded and rest divided into three groups after proper age matching - 1. Group A (Bilateral cataract) 2. Group B (Unilateral cataract) 3. Group C (Bilateral normal). The axial length of the various groups was analysed using independent sample test (for bilateral cataract group) and paired t-test (for unilateral cataract group). Linear regression analysis between age and axial length was done. RESULTS A total of 177 patients were included.80 cases in Group A (bilateral cataract), 18 cases in Group B (unilateral cataract) and 79 in Group C (bilateral normal) The mean age of the patients in all the groups was 8.88 ± 3.51 years (range: 1-17 years). The bivariate analysis and simple linear regression revealed a statistically significant correlation between age and AL in case of cataractous eyes. (Pearson's coefficient: 0.341, p < 0.001). The mean AL was significantly longer (p = 0.013) in the cataractous eyes (mean = 23.38 ± 2.08 mm) of Group A(bilateral cataract) in the 7-12 years age group as compared to the bilaterally normal eyes (mean AL = 22.57 ± 0.70 mm) of patients in the same age group in Group C. The mean AL of cataractous eyes in group B (unilateral cataract) (mean = 22.46 ± 1.73 mm) as compared to the fellow normal eyes, (mean = 21.87 ± 0.97 mm) was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Cataractous eyes have an abnormal axial length development. The influence of media opacity due to cataract on development of axial length in paediatric eyes in the North-East Indian population is variable, in line with global data on the same. Although there is some influence of media opacity, the exact nature is not clearly understood and may have a crucial interaction with genetic and other environmental factors. Genetic testing integrated with biometric analysis is recommended for further understanding of the ocular growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Bhattacharjee
- Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, 96 Basistha Road, Saurabh Nagar, Beltola Tiniali, Guwahati, Assam, 781028, India
| | - Suklengmung Buragohain
- Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, 96 Basistha Road, Saurabh Nagar, Beltola Tiniali, Guwahati, Assam, 781028, India
| | - Henal Javeri
- Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, 96 Basistha Road, Saurabh Nagar, Beltola Tiniali, Guwahati, Assam, 781028, India.
| | - Saurabh Deshmukh
- Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, 96 Basistha Road, Saurabh Nagar, Beltola Tiniali, Guwahati, Assam, 781028, India
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26
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Plotnikov D, Cui J, Clark R, Wedenoja J, Pärssinen O, Tideman JWL, Jonas JB, Wang Y, Rudan I, Young TL, Mackey DA, Terry L, Williams C, Guggenheim JA. Genetic Variants Associated With Human Eye Size Are Distinct From Those Conferring Susceptibility to Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:24. [PMID: 34698770 PMCID: PMC8556552 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.13.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Emmetropization requires coordinated scaling of the major ocular components, corneal curvature and axial length. This coordination is achieved in part through a shared set of genetic variants that regulate eye size. Poorly coordinated scaling of corneal curvature and axial length results in refractive error. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variants regulating eye size in emmetropic eyes are distinct from those conferring susceptibility to refractive error. Methods A genome-wide association study (GWAS) for corneal curvature in 22,180 adult emmetropic individuals was performed as a proxy for a GWAS for eye size. A polygenic score created using lead GWAS variants was tested for association with corneal curvature and axial length in an independent sample: 437 classified as emmetropic and 637 as ametropic. The genetic correlation between eye size and refractive error was calculated using linkage disequilibrium score regression for approximately 1 million genetic variants. Results The GWAS for corneal curvature in emmetropes identified 32 independent genetic variants (P < 5.0e-08). A polygenic score created using these 32 genetic markers explained 3.5% (P < 0.001) and 2.0% (P = 0.001) of the variance in corneal curvature and axial length, respectively, in the independent sample of emmetropic individuals but was not predictive of these traits in ametropic individuals. The genetic correlation between eye size and refractive error was close to zero (rg = 0.00; SE = 0.06; P = 0.95). Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that genetic variants regulating eye size in emmetropic eyes do not overlap with those conferring susceptibility to myopia. This suggests that distinct biological pathways regulate normal eye growth and myopia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Plotnikov
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Jiangtian Cui
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rosie Clark
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olavi Pärssinen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Willem L Tideman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yaxing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health and WHO Collaborating Centre, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Terri L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Louise Terry
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Williams
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy A Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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27
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Zhang X, Fan Q, Zhang F, Liang G, Pan CW. Gene-environment Interaction in Spherical Equivalent and Myopia: An Evidence-based Review. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021; 29:435-442. [PMID: 34546856 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1958350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Association between gene-environment interaction and myopia/spherical equivalent has not been systematically reported. This paper reviewed nine studies concerning gene-environment interaction in myopia. METHODS We obtained relevant studies concerning gene-environment interaction in myopia by systematically searching the MEDLINE(PubMed), Cochrane, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang databases before 31 March 2020. Data were analyzed by STATA version 16.0 software, and figures were drawn by ArcGIS V.10.0 software. RESULTS Nine studies were included in this review concerning gene-environment interaction. Gene and education interaction in adult cohorts suggested a more significant genetic effect in higher education levels than lower education levels, using both candidate genes and PRS approaches. Several interacted genetic variants, including ZMAT4(rs2137277), GJD2(rs524952), TJP2 (rs11145488) from adult study and ZMAT4(rs7829127) from child study are pinpointed out, but the replication attempts were limited. Besides, the genetic effect was associated with a significant shift at a higher educational level (Pooled β = -0.15,95%CI = -0.19-0.11) towards myopia than that at a lower education level (Pooled β = -0.10,95%CI = -0.11-0.09). CONCLUSION This study summarizes the relationship between gene-environment interaction and myopia, and interaction effect of the gene or genetic risk score with the environment could be found in these studies. The effect of gene-environment (higher education) interaction substantially impacts myopia in adult studies. Evidence that environmental factors (Increased near-work time/decreased outdoor activities) increase the genetic risk is still limited, and specific SNPs contributing to gene-environment effect are not determined yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Fan
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Fengyun Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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28
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Haarman AEG, Enthoven CA, Tedja MS, Polling JR, Tideman JWL, Keunen JEE, Boon CJF, Felix JF, Raat H, Geerards AJM, Luyten GPM, van Rijn GA, Verhoeven VJM, Klaver CCW. Phenotypic Consequences of the GJD2 Risk Genotype in Myopia Development. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:16. [PMID: 34406332 PMCID: PMC8375003 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.10.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the relatively high effect of the refractive error gene GJD2 in human myopia, and to assess its relationship with refractive error, ocular biometry and lifestyle in various age groups. Methods The population-based Rotterdam Study (RS), high myopia case-control study MYopia STudy, and the birth-cohort study Generation R were included in this study. Spherical equivalent (SER), axial length (AL), axial length/corneal radius (AL/CR), vitreous depth (VD), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured using standard ophthalmologic procedures. Biometric measurements were compared between GJD2 (rs524952) genotype groups; education and environmental risk score (ERS) were calculated to estimate gene-environment interaction effects, using the Synergy index (SI). Results RS adults carrying two risk alleles had a lower SER and longer AL, ACD and VD (AA versus TT, 0.23D vs. 0.70D; 23.79 mm vs. 23.52 mm; 2.72 mm vs. 2.65 mm; 16.12 mm vs. 15.87 mm; all P < 0.001). Children carrying two risk alleles had larger AL/CR at ages 6 and 9 years (2.88 vs. 2.87 and 3.00 vs. 2.96; all P < 0.001). Education and ERS both negatively influenced myopia and the biometric outcomes, but gene-environment interactions did not reach statistical significance (SI 1.25 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.85-1.85] and 1.17 [95% CI, 0.55-2.50] in adults and children). Conclusions The elongation of the eye caused by the GJD2 risk genotype follows a dose-response pattern already visible at the age of 6 years. These early effects are an example of how a common myopia gene may drive myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annechien E G Haarman
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clair A Enthoven
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Medical Center, the Generation R Study Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Milly S Tedja
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan R Polling
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Optometry and Orthoptics, Hogeschool Utrecht, University of Applied Science, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Willem L Tideman
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan E E Keunen
- University Medical Center St Radboud, Department of Ophthalmology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Medical Center, the Generation R Study Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Raat
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Department of Public Health, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gwyneth A van Rijn
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, The Netherlands
| | - Virginie J M Verhoeven
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center St Radboud, Department of Ophthalmology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Liu Z, Xiu Y, Qiu F, Zhu Z, Zong R, Zhou X, An J, Wang Q, Reinach PS, Li W, Chen W, Liu Z. Canonical Wnt Signaling Drives Myopia Development and Can Be Pharmacologically Modulated. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:21. [PMID: 34259818 PMCID: PMC8288060 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.9.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the canonical Wnt signaling in the development of the myopia. Methods Plasma from adult patients with myopia, myopic animal models including the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutation mouse model, and the form deprivation (FD) induced mouse model of myopia were used. Niclosamide, a canonical Wnt pathway inhibitor, was orally administrated in animal models. Plasma levels of DKK-1 were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Refraction, vitreous chamber depth (VCD), axial length (AL), and other parameters, were measured at the end of the FD treatment. Canonical Wnt signaling changes were evaluated by Western blot analysis and immunostaining analysis. Results Plasma level of Wnt inhibitor DKK-1 was markedly decreased in patients with myopia. Meanwhile, the canonical Wnt pathway was progressively activated during myopia development in mice. Moreover, inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling by niclosamide in mouse models markedly reduced lens thickness (LT), VCD, and AL elongation, resulting in myopia inhibition. Conclusions Dysregulation of canonical Wnt signaling is a characteristic of myopia and targeting Wnt signaling pathways has potential as a therapeutic strategy for myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yanghui Xiu
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fangfang Qiu
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Zhenzhen Zhu
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rongrong Zong
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhong An
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiongsi Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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30
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Quint WH, Tadema KCD, de Vrieze E, Lukowicz RM, Broekman S, Winkelman BHJ, Hoevenaars M, de Gruiter HM, van Wijk E, Schaeffel F, Meester-Smoor M, Miller AC, Willemsen R, Klaver CCW, Iglesias AI. Loss of Gap Junction Delta-2 (GJD2) gene orthologs leads to refractive error in zebrafish. Commun Biol 2021; 4:676. [PMID: 34083742 PMCID: PMC8175550 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02185-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia is the most common developmental disorder of juvenile eyes, and it has become an increasing cause of severe visual impairment. The GJD2 locus has been consistently associated with myopia in multiple independent genome-wide association studies. However, despite the strong genetic evidence, little is known about the functional role of GJD2 in refractive error development. Here, we find that depletion of gjd2a (Cx35.5) or gjd2b (Cx35.1) orthologs in zebrafish, cause changes in the biometry and refractive status of the eye. Our immunohistological and scRNA sequencing studies show that Cx35.5 (gjd2a) is a retinal connexin and its depletion leads to hyperopia and electrophysiological changes in the retina. These findings support a role for Cx35.5 (gjd2a) in the regulation of ocular biometry. Cx35.1 (gjd2b) has previously been identified in the retina, however, we found an additional lenticular role. Lack of Cx35.1 (gjd2b) led to a nuclear cataract that triggered axial elongation. Our results provide functional evidence of a link between gjd2 and refractive error. Quint et al. use zebrafish lines deficient in one of two orthologs of the Gap Junction Delta-2 (GJD2) gene, which is associated with myopia by genome-wide association studies. They link gjd2 with refractive error and report evidence to suggest that gjd2a plays a role in ocular biometry whilst gjd2b, previously found in the retina, possesses an additional lenticular role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim H Quint
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Kirke C D Tadema
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vrieze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rachel M Lukowicz
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States
| | - Sanne Broekman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Beerend H J Winkelman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cerebellar Coordination and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Hoevenaars
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erwin van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank Schaeffel
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Magda Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam C Miller
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana I Iglesias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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31
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Boutin TS, Charteris DG, Chandra A, Campbell S, Hayward C, Campbell A, Nandakumar P, Hinds D, Mitry D, Vitart V. Insights into the genetic basis of retinal detachment. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:689-702. [PMID: 31816047 PMCID: PMC7068119 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal detachment (RD) is a serious and common condition, but genetic studies to date have been hampered by the small size of the assembled cohorts. In the UK Biobank data set, where RD was ascertained by self-report or hospital records, genetic correlations between RD and high myopia or cataract operation were, respectively, 0.46 (SE = 0.08) and 0.44 (SE = 0.07). These correlations are consistent with known epidemiological associations. Through meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies using UK Biobank RD cases (N = 3 977) and two cohorts, each comprising ~1 000 clinically ascertained rhegmatogenous RD patients, we uncovered 11 genome-wide significant association signals. These are near or within ZC3H11B, BMP3, COL22A1, DLG5, PLCE1, EFEMP2, TYR, FAT3, TRIM29, COL2A1 and LOXL1. Replication in the 23andMe data set, where RD is self-reported by participants, firmly establishes six RD risk loci: FAT3, COL22A1, TYR, BMP3, ZC3H11B and PLCE1. Based on the genetic associations with eye traits described to date, the first two specifically impact risk of a RD, whereas the last four point to shared aetiologies with macular condition, myopia and glaucoma. Fine-mapping prioritized the lead common missense variant (TYR S192Y) as causal variant at the TYR locus and a small set of credible causal variants at the FAT3 locus. The larger study size presented here, enabled by resources linked to health records or self-report, provides novel insights into RD aetiology and underlying pathological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud S Boutin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Aman Chandra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southend University Hospital, Essex SS0 0RY, UK.,Vision & Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Essex CM1 1SQ, UK
| | - Susan Campbell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - David Hinds
- 23andMe, Inc. Mountain View, Sunnyvale, CA 94041, USA
| | | | - Danny Mitry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, NW3 2QG London, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
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32
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Majithia S, Tham YC, Chee ML, Nusinovici S, Teo CL, Chee ML, Thakur S, Soh ZD, Kumari N, Lamoureux E, Sabanayagam C, Wong TY, Cheng CY. Cohort Profile: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study (SEED). Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:41-52. [PMID: 33393587 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Majithia
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Yih-Chung Tham
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Miao-Li Chee
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Simon Nusinovici
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Cong Ling Teo
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Miao-Ling Chee
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Sahil Thakur
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Zhi Da Soh
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Neelam Kumari
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ecosse Lamoureux
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Gaurisankar ZS, Rijn GA, Haasnoot GW, Verhoeven VJM, Klaver CCW, Luyten GPM, Beenakker JM. Long-term longitudinal changes in axial length in the Caucasian myopic and hyperopic population with a phakic intraocular lens. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e562-e568. [PMID: 33124166 PMCID: PMC8359445 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the long‐term longitudinal axial length changes in myopic and hyperopic adults with an iris‐fixated phakic intraocular lens (pIOL). Methods The medical records of patients aged ≥18 years with myopia or hyperopia who were treated with pIOL implantation between 1996 and 2011 for refractive correction with a minimum follow‐up of 5 years after pIOL implantation were analyzed. The main outcome measure was change in ocular axial length over time. Results 149 eyes of 149 myopic patients and 27 hyperopic eyes of 27 patients were included in this study. Mean patient age was 37.1 ± 10.4 years (35% male) in the myopic group and 39.4 ± 9.4 years (4% male) in the hyperopic group. The eyes of the myopic patients showed a significant mean increase in axial length of 0.45 ± 0.61 mm after a mean follow‐up time of 144 ± 38 months (p < 0.001). In 26 eyes (17%), the axial length had increased by ≥1 mm. The mean annual axial length increase was 0.04 ± 0.06 mm. Axial elongation was associated with a higher degree of myopia (p < 0.001) and younger age (p = 0.02). The eyes of the hyperopic patients showed no change in axial length over time. Conclusions Myopic eyes corrected with an iris‐fixated pIOL show continuous increase in axial length at an adult age. Although this study is limited to subjects with a pIOL, this is the first time myopization in Caucasian adults has been reported in a large long‐term longitudinal study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gwyneth A. Rijn
- Department of Ophthalmology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Geert W. Haasnoot
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Virginie J. M. Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan‐Willem M. Beenakker
- Department of Ophthalmology Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology C.J. Gorter Center for High‐Field MRILeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
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Liu L, He J, Lu X, Yuan Y, Jiang D, Xiao H, Lin S, Xu L, Chen Y. Association of Myopia and Genetic Variants of TGFB2-AS1 and TGFBR1 in the TGF-β Signaling Pathway: A Longitudinal Study in Chinese School-Aged Children. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628182. [PMID: 33996791 PMCID: PMC8115727 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myopia is a complex multifactorial condition which involves several overlapping signaling pathways mediated by distinct genes. This prospective cohort study evaluated the associations of two genetic variants in the TGF-β signaling pathway with the onset and progression of myopia and ocular biometric parameters in Chinese school-aged children. Methods A total of 556 second grade children were examined and followed up for 3.5 years. Non-cycloplegic refraction and ocular biometric parameters were measured annually. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the effect of the TGFBR1 rs10760673 and TGFB2-AS1 rs7550232 variants on the occurrence and progression of myopia. A 10,000 permutations test was used to correct for multiple testing. Functional annotation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed using RegulomeDB, HaploReg, and rVarBase. Results A total of 448 children were included in the analysis. After adjustments for gender, age, near work time and outdoor time with 10,000 permutations, the results indicated that the C allele and the AC or CC genotypes of rs7550232 adjacent to TGFB2-AS1 were associated with a significantly increased risk of the onset of myopia in two genetic models (additive: P’ = 0.022; dominant: P’ = 0.025). Additionally, the A allele and the AA or AG genotypes of rs10760673 of TGFBR1 were associated with a significant myopic shift (additive: P’ = 0.008; dominant: P’ = 0.028; recessive: P’ = 0.027). Furthermore, rs10760673 was associated with an increase in axial length (AL) (P’ = 0.013, β = 0.03) and a change in the ratio of AL to the corneal radius of curvature (AL/CRC) (P’ = 0.031, β = 0.003). Analysis using RegulomeDB, HaploReg, and rVarBase indicated that rs7550232 is likely to affect transcription factor binding, any motif, DNase footprint, and DNase peak. Conclusion The present study indicated that rs10760673 and rs7550232 may represent susceptibility loci for the progression and onset of myopia, respectively, in school-aged children. Associations of the variants of the TGFBR1 and TGFB2-AS1 genes with myopia may be mediated by the TGF-β signaling pathway; this hypothesis requires validation in functional studies. This trial was registered as ChiCTR1900020584 at www.Chictr.org.cn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Liu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Juan He
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yimin Yuan
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haishao Xiao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shudan Lin
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liangde Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Kondkar AA. Updates on Genes and Genetic Mechanisms Implicated in Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:89-112. [PMID: 33727852 PMCID: PMC7955727 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s274884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is estimated to affect over 30 million people worldwide by 2040 and is highly prevalent in the Asian population. PACG is more severe and carries three times the higher risk of blindness than primary open-angle glaucoma, thus representing a significant public health concern. High heritability and ethnic-specific predisposition to PACG suggest the involvement of genetic factors in disease development. In the recent past, genetic studies have led to the successful identification of several genes and loci associated with PACG across different ethnicities. The precise cellular and molecular roles of these multiple loci in the development and progression of PACG remains to be elucidated. Nonetheless, these studies have significantly increased our understanding of the emerging cellular processes and biological pathways that might provide more significant insights into the disease’s genetic etiology and may be valuable for future clinical applications. This review aims to summarize and update the current knowledge of PACG genetics analysis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A Kondkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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36
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RNA-seq and GSEA identifies suppression of ligand-gated chloride efflux channels as the major gene pathway contributing to form deprivation myopia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5280. [PMID: 33674625 PMCID: PMC7935918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there is no consensus regarding the aetiology of the excessive ocular volume that characterizes high myopia. Thus, we aimed to test whether the gene pathways identified by gene set enrichment analysis of RNA-seq transcriptomics refutes the predictions of the Retinal Ion Driven Efflux (RIDE) hypothesis when applied to the induction of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) and subsequent recovery (post-occluder removal). We found that the induction of profound FDM led to significant suppression in the ligand-gated chloride ion channel transport pathway via suppression of glycine, GABAA and GABAC ionotropic receptors. Post-occluder removal for short term recovery from FDM of 6 h and 24 h, induced significant upregulation of the gene families linked to cone receptor phototransduction, mitochondrial energy, and complement pathways. These findings support a model of form deprivation myopia as a Cl− ion driven adaptive fluid response to the modulation of the visual signal cascade by form deprivation that in turn affects the resultant ionic environment of the outer and inner retinal tissues, axial and vitreal elongation as predicted by the RIDE model. Occluder removal and return to normal light conditions led to return to more normal upregulation of phototransduction, slowed growth rate, refractive recovery and apparent return towards physiological homeostasis.
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Jiang X, Tong T, Xia N, Wu L, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Li RX. Association study of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) rs399501 polymorphism with susceptibility to high myopia in a Chinese population. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:239-242. [PMID: 33620261 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1881980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Genetic association between the fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) gene rs339501 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and high myopia remains inconsistent in different studies. This study aimed to investigate the association between FGF10 rs339501 and high myopia in a Han Chinese population.Methods: A total of 675 patients with high myopia (HM), including 246 extreme myopia (EM) patients, and 800 healthy subjects with normal vision from the Chinese Han population were selected as the study subjects. The SNP of FGF10 rs399501 was genotyped by TaqMan allele discrimination assay on the 7300 real-time polymorphism chain reaction system, and the relationship between genotype and allele frequency of FGF10 rs399501 and high myopia was analyzed.Results: In our study, there are statistically significant differences between high myopia patients and controls in the allele frequencies (OR = 1.268, 95%CI = 1.030 ~ 1.560, P = .025), but not in genotype distributions (χ2 = 5.673, P = .059) of rs399501 SNP in the FGF10 gene. In addition, a weak association was found in recessive model (GG vs. AG+AA: OR = 1.929, 95%CI = 1.004 ~ 3.708, P = .045), but not in dominant model (AG+GG vs. AA: OR = 1.239, 95%CI = 0.981 ~ 1.566, P = .072). Moreover, significant associations were also found between FGF10 rs339501 polymorphism and the risk of extreme myopia in all genetic models.Conclusion: Our results do support that the genetic variant of FGF10 rs339501 is associated with susceptibility of high myopia, especially extreme myopia in a Chinese Han population, and further exploration is needed for myopia in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Tian Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Xi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Lu SY, Tang SM, Li FF, Kam KW, Tam POS, Yip WWK, Young AL, Tham CC, Pang CP, Yam JC, Chen LJ. Association of WNT7B and RSPO1 with Axial Length in School Children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:11. [PMID: 32761137 PMCID: PMC7441295 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.10.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ZC3H11B, RSPO1, C3orf26, GJD2, ZNRF3, and WNT7B genes and myopia endophenotypes in children. Methods Seven SNPs identified in previous genome-wide association studies of axial length (AL) were genotyped in 2883 Southern Han Chinese children. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the genotype association with AL, spherical equivalent (SE), corneal curvature (CC), and central corneal thickness (CCT). Results Two SNPs-namely, rs12144790 in RSPO1 (allele T, P = 0.0066, β = 0.062) and rs10453441 in WNT7B (allele A, P = 8.03 × 10-6, β = 0.103)-were significantly associated with AL. The association of rs4373767 in ZC3H11B (allele C, P = 0.030, β = -0.053) could not withstand the correction for multiple testing. WNT7B rs10453441 showed a strong association with CC (P = 1.17 × 10-14, β = 0.053) and with CCT (P = 0.0026, β = 2.65). None of the tested SNPs was significantly associated with SE. The C allele of SNP rs12321 in ZNRF3 was associated with CC (P = 0.0060, β = -0.018). Conclusions This study revealed that the RSPO1 SNP rs12144790 was associated with AL, whereas WNT7B rs10453441 was associated with AL, CC, and CCT in children. A novel association between ZNRF3 rs12321 and CC was discovered. Our data suggest that the RSPO1 and WNT7B genes might exert their effects on multiple aspects of eye growth during childhood. Potential differences in the genetic profiles of AL between children and adults should be explored in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yao Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shu Min Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fen Fen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Wai Kam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pancy O S Tam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wilson W K Yip
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clement C Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Eye Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
Myopia, also known as short-sightedness or near-sightedness, is a very common condition that typically starts in childhood. Severe forms of myopia (pathologic myopia) are associated with a risk of other associated ophthalmic problems. This disorder affects all populations and is reaching epidemic proportions in East Asia, although there are differences in prevalence between countries. Myopia is caused by both environmental and genetic risk factors. A range of myopia management and control strategies are available that can treat this condition, but it is clear that understanding the factors involved in delaying myopia onset and slowing its progression will be key to reducing the rapid rise in its global prevalence. To achieve this goal, improved data collection using wearable technology, in combination with collection and assessment of data on demographic, genetic and environmental risk factors and with artificial intelligence are needed. Improved public health strategies focusing on early detection or prevention combined with additional effective therapeutic interventions to limit myopia progression are also needed.
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40
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de Boer ECW, van Mourik AG, Jongerius I. Therapeutic Lessons to be Learned From the Role of Complement Regulators as Double-Edged Sword in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:578069. [PMID: 33362763 PMCID: PMC7758290 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.578069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an important part of the innate immune system, providing a strong defense against pathogens and removing apoptotic cells and immune complexes. Due to its strength, it is important that healthy human cells are protected against damage induced by the complement system. To be protected from complement, each cell type relies on a specific combination of both soluble and membrane-bound regulators. Their importance is indicated by the amount of pathologies associated with abnormalities in these complement regulators. Here, we will discuss the current knowledge on complement regulatory protein polymorphisms and expression levels together with their link to disease. These diseases often result in red blood cell destruction or occur in the eye, kidney or brain, which are tissues known for aberrant complement activity or regulation. In addition, complement regulators have also been associated with different types of cancer, although their mechanisms here have not been elucidated yet. In most of these pathologies, treatments are limited and do not prevent the complement system from attacking host cells, but rather fight the consequences of the complement-mediated damage, using for example blood transfusions in anemic patients. Currently only few drugs targeting the complement system are used in the clinic. With further demand for therapeutics rising linked to the wide range of complement-mediated disease we should broaden our horizon towards treatments that can actually protect the host cells against complement. Here, we will discuss the latest insights on how complement regulators can benefit therapeutics. Such therapeutics are currently being developed extensively, and can be categorized into full-length complement regulators, engineered complement system regulators and antibodies targeting complement regulators. In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the complement regulatory proteins and their links to disease, together with their potential in the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther C W de Boer
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anouk G van Mourik
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Zhu Q, Yang G, Chen B, Liu F, Li X, Liu L. Altered Expression of GJD2 Messenger RNA and the Coded Protein Connexin 36 in Negative Lens-induced Myopia of Guinea Pigs. Optom Vis Sci 2020; 97:1080-1088. [PMID: 33278187 PMCID: PMC7742206 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Decreased expression of the retinal GJD2 gene messenger RNA (mRNA) and connexin 36 (Cx36) protein in the guinea pig negative lens-induced myopia (LIM) model suggests their involvement in local retinal circuits regulating eye growth. PURPOSE Previous studies suggest that the GJD2 gene and Cx36 protein encoded by the GJD2 gene play important roles in retinal signaling pathways and eye development. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in GJD2 mRNA and Cx36 protein expression in the guinea pig lens-induced myopia model. METHODS Four-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into two groups. Animals in the experimental group were fitted with monocular -10 D lenses; and animals in the control group, with monocular plano lenses. Biometric measurements, including the spherical equivalent refractive error and axial length, were monitored. Animals were killed after 0, 1, 2, and 3 weeks of treatment, and their retinas were isolated. Retinal GJD2 mRNA and Cx36 protein expression levels were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS Spherical equivalent refractive error values indicated that negative lens-treated eyes became significantly more myopic than plano lens-treated eyes (P = .001), consistent with their longer axial lengths compared with those of control eyes. Both GJD2 mRNA and Cx36 protein expression levels were decreased in the retinas of negative lens-treated eyes compared with levels in the retinas of plano lens-treated eyes, although there were differences in the timing; GJD2 mRNA, levels were significantly decreased after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment (P = .01 and P = .004, respectively), whereas Cx36 protein expression was significantly decreased after only 1 week (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS That both retinal GJD2 mRNA and Cx36 protein expression levels were decreased after induction of myopia with negative lenses points to retinal circuits involving Cx36 in myopia development in the guinea pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Zhu
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoyuan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingjie Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengyang Liu
- Department of Optometry, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Shi H, Chen Y, Lu H, Zhu R, Zhang J, He M, Guan H. In-depth analysis of eight susceptibility loci of primary angle closure glaucoma in Han Chinese. Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108350. [PMID: 33227294 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a multifactorial disease with genetic predisposition. Primary angle closure (PAC) is the early stage of PACG and they share the same anatomical characteristics. We aimed to examine whether the PACG associated-genetic loci identified previously by genome-wide association study (GWAS) were also related to primary angle closure disease (PACD) in Han Chinese. This cross-sectional case-control study consisted of 232 PAC, 264 PACG and 306 controls. Eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PACG susceptibility loci within PLEKHA7, COL11A1, PCMTD1-ST18, EPDR1, CHAT, GLIS3, FERMT2, DPM2-FAM102A were genotyped using participants' blood samples. We excluded 3 SNPs for PAC analysis because the data has been reported using the same sample set. Anatomical parameters such as axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LT) were included as phenotypes for the association analysis. Allelic and genotypic model tests were performed. Three among the eight SNPs were found to be significantly associated with PACG, e.g. PLEKHA7 rs11024102 in additive, dominant and recessive model; and both CHAT rs1258267 and DPM2-FAM102A rs3739821 in dominant model. CHAT rs1258267 showed marginal association with PAC in dominant model. Anatomical parameters were not found to link to the eight SNPs after Bonferroni multiple test correction. Our data suggest that PLEKHA7 and DPM2-FAM102A might exert effect in the late stage of the PACD, while CHAT may play a broad role in both early and late stages of the PACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Shi
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Yunxia Chen
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Mengxuan He
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Nakao SY, Miyake M, Hosoda Y, Nakano E, Mori Y, Takahashi A, Ooto S, Tamura H, Tabara Y, Yamashiro K, Matsuda F, Tsujikawa A. Myopia Prevalence and Ocular Biometry Features in a General Japanese Population: The Nagahama Study. Ophthalmology 2020; 128:522-531. [PMID: 32861683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the distribution of ocular biometry and refraction in Japanese adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 9850 individuals participated in the first follow-up of the Nagahama Prospective Cohort for Comprehensive Human Bioscience (the Nagahama Study) conducted between 2013 and 2016. Participants were between 34 and 80 years of age. METHODS All participants underwent axial length (AL; in millimeters), anterior chamber depth (ACD; in millimeters), corneal diameter (white to white; in millimeters), and central corneal thickness (CCT; in micrometers) measurement (IOL Master; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) and refraction (spherical equivalent [SE]; in diopters [D]) and corneal curvature (CC; in millimeters) measurement (ARK-530A; Nidek, Aichi, Japan). Distribution of these ocular biometric parameters and prevalence of myopia, high myopia, and extreme myopia were summarized. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Distribution of ocular biometry and refraction. RESULTS After standardization to the national population of 2015, estimates of mean AL and SE were 24.21 mm and -1.44 D, respectively. Estimates of mean CC, corneal diameter, CCT, and ACD were 7.69 mm, 12.01 mm, 543.96 μm, and 3.21 mm, respectively. After standardization of age and gender, the prevalence of myopia (SE, ≤-0.5 D) and high myopia (SE, ≤-6.0 D) were 49.97% and 7.89%, respectively. Approximately 70% of the younger participants (34-59 years of age) showed myopia, whereas high myopia was observed in approximately 10%. Although the number of individuals with myopia or high myopia was higher in the younger age groups, the prevalence of more extreme phenotypes remained stable across all ages, especially in women. Axial length of more than 30 mm was observed only in older women (n = 5 [0.05%]). CONCLUSIONS We showed detailed distributions of various ocular biometry and refraction parameters using a large general Japanese cohort. Prevalences of myopia and high myopia from 2013 through 2016 were higher than those in earlier studies, which reflects recent environmental change. However, constant prevalence of extreme myopia across all ages suggests high genetic predisposition of the extreme phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ya Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Tenri General Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | | | - Eri Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sotaro Ooto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otsu Red Cross Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Li FF, Lu SY, Tang SM, Kam KW, Pancy O S T, Yip WWK, Young AL, Tham CC, Pang CP, Yam JC, Chen LJ. Genetic associations of myopia severities and endophenotypes in children. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 105:1178-1183. [PMID: 32816751 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the severities and endophenotypes of myopia in children. METHODS A total of 3300 children aged 5-10 years were recruited: 137 moderate and high myopia (SE≤-3.0D), 670 mild myopia (-3.0D<SE≤-0.5D) and 2493 controls (SE>-0.5D). 13 SNPs in 13 genes/loci were selected for genotyping in all subjects using TaqMan assays. Associations between each SNP with myopia severities and ocular traits (spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL) and corneal radius (CR)) were analysed. RESULTS When compared with controls, SNPs ZC3H11B rs4373767 (OR=1.15, p=0.038), BICC1 rs7084402 (OR=1.18, p=0.005) and GJD2 rs524952 (OR=1.14, p=0.025) showed nominal associations with overall myopia. ZC3H11B rs4373767 and BICC1 rs7084402 showed stronger associations with moderate and high myopia (rs4373767: OR=1.42, p=0.018; rs7084402: OR=1.33, p=0.025), while GJD2 rs524952 had a stronger association with mild myopia (OR=1.14, p=0.025). GJD2 rs524952 also showed a difference between emmetropia and hyperopia (p=0.018). In quantitative trait locus analysis, ZC3H11B rs4373767, KCNQ5 rs7744813 and GJD2 rs524952 were correlated with both myopic SE (β=-0.09, p=0.03; β=-0.12, p=0.007; β=-0.13, p=0.0006, respectively) and AL (β=0.07, p=0.002; β=0.09, p=0.0008; β=0.07, p=0.0003, respectively). SNTB1 rs7839488 was correlated with both AL (β=0.07, p=0.005) and CR (β=0.02, p=0.006). Moreover, ZC3H11B rs4373767-T (β=0.006; p=0.018), KCNQ5 rs7744813-A (β=0.007; p=0.015) and GJD2 rs524952-T (β=0.009; p=0.0006) were correlated with AL-CR ratio. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE ZC3H11B and BICC1 are genetic risk factors for moderate and high myopia, while ZC3H11B, KCNQ5, SNTB1 and GJD2 confer risk to excessive AL in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Fen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shi Yao Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shu Min Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ka Wai Kam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tam Pancy O S
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wilson W K Yip
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clement C Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China .,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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45
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Yam JC, Tang SM, Kam KW, Chen LJ, Yu M, Law AK, Yip BH, Wang YM, Cheung CYL, Ng DSC, Young AL, Tham CC, Pang CP. High prevalence of myopia in children and their parents in Hong Kong Chinese Population: the Hong Kong Children Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e639-e648. [PMID: 31981300 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the myopia prevalence in Hong Kong Chinese children and their parents. METHODS It was a population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 4257 children aged 6-8 years, and 5880 parents were recruited in the Hong Kong Children Eye Study. Cycloplegic autorefraction was measured for children; and non-cycloplegic autorefraction for parents. Parental educational level, children's outdoor time, and near work were collected by validated questionnaires. RESULTS In children aged 6-8 years, 25.0% were myopic, and among them, 12.7% for the 6-year-olds, 24.4% for the 7-year-olds and 36.1% for the 8-year-old. About 0.7% of children aged 8 years were high myopia. In all age groups, boys (their myopia rate: 13.9% at 6 years, 26.7% at 7 years, and 38.3% at 8 years) were more myopic than girls (11.3% at 6 years, 22.0% at 7 years, 33.4% at 8 years). Among parents, 72.2% were myopic (mother, 73.2%; father, 70.7%) and 13.5% high myopia (mother, 12.8%; father, 14.5%). It was observed that prevalence decreased with ages and increased with education level. CONCLUSION There is a strikingly high prevalence of myopia in Hong Kong children aged 6-8, much higher than that of other regions of China. Of note, the prevalence of children was similar to that in 15 years ago. Furthermore, the myopia prevalence of parents is high, and it had already increased in this cohort. Prevention of childhood myopia is important, likewise for visual complications from high myopia in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shu Min Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Ka Wai Kam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Marco Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antony K Law
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Benjamin H Yip
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Meng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Carol Y L Cheung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Danny S C Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Alvin L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Clement C Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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46
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Bilbao-Malavé V, Recalde S, Bezunartea J, Hernandez-Sanchez M, González-Zamora J, Maestre-Rellan L, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Araiz-Iribarren J, Arias L, Ruiz-Medrano J, Flores-Moreno I, Llorente-González S, Fernández-Sanz G, Berrozpe-Villabona C, Velazquez-Villoria A, Carreño E, Fernandez-Robredo P, Garcia-Layana A. Genetic and environmental factors related to the development of myopic maculopathy in Spanish patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236071. [PMID: 32730261 PMCID: PMC7392267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High myopia and the subsequent degenerative changes of the retina, choroid, and sclera, known as myopic maculopathy (MM), are a serious visual problem in many Asian countries, and are beginning to be so in the south of Europe, especially in the Mediterranean. It is therefore necessary to carry out genetic and environmental studies to determine the possible causes of this disease. This study aims to verify if the genetic factors that have been most related to Asian populations are also associated in two Spanish cohorts. Eight SNPs from six genes (PAX6, SCO2, CCDC102B, BLID, chromosome 15q14, and COL8A1) along with demographic, ophthalmic and environmental factors were analysed in two cohorts from a total of 365 highly myopic subjects and 177 control subjects. The genetic analysis showed that COL8A1 SNP rs13095226 was associated with the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and also seems to play an important role in the increase of axial length. The SNP rs634990 of chromosome 15q14 also showed a significant association with MM, although this was lost after the Bonferroni correction. Additional demographic and environmental factors, namely age, sex, smoking status, and pregnancy history, were also found to be associated with MM and CNV in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bilbao-Malavé
- Ophthalmology Experimental Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Ophthalmology Experimental Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology” from (RD16/0008/0021), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaione Bezunartea
- Ophthalmology Experimental Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Hernandez-Sanchez
- Ophthalmology Experimental Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology” from (RD16/0008/0021), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge González-Zamora
- Ophthalmology Experimental Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leyre Maestre-Rellan
- Ophthalmology Experimental Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José María Ruiz-Moreno
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology” from (RD16/0008/0021), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Vissum Corporación Oftalmológica, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Araiz-Iribarren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto Clínico Quirúrgico de Oftalmología, Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital San Eloy, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis Arias
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology” from (RD16/0008/0021), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Ruiz-Medrano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Flores-Moreno
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology” from (RD16/0008/0021), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro de Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Llorente-González
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology” from (RD16/0008/0021), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Sanz
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology” from (RD16/0008/0021), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Berrozpe-Villabona
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology” from (RD16/0008/0021), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ester Carreño
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Robredo
- Ophthalmology Experimental Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology” from (RD16/0008/0021), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Garcia-Layana
- Ophthalmology Experimental Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud: ‘‘Prevention, Early Detection, and Treatment of the Prevalent Degenerative and Chronic Ocular Pathology” from (RD16/0008/0021), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Shi X, Jiao Y, Yang Y, Cheng CY, Yang C, Lin X, Liu J. VIMCO: variational inference for multiple correlated outcomes in genome-wide association studies. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:3693-3700. [PMID: 30851102 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION In genome-wide association studies (GWASs) where multiple correlated traits have been measured on participants, a joint analysis strategy, whereby the traits are analyzed jointly, can improve statistical power over a single-trait analysis strategy. There are two questions of interest to be addressed when conducting a joint GWAS analysis with multiple traits. The first question examines whether a genetic loci is significantly associated with any of the traits being tested. The second question focuses on identifying the specific trait(s) that is associated with the genetic loci. Since existing methods primarily focus on the first question, this article seeks to provide a complementary method that addresses the second question. RESULTS We propose a novel method, Variational Inference for Multiple Correlated Outcomes (VIMCO) that focuses on identifying the specific trait that is associated with the genetic loci, when performing a joint GWAS analysis of multiple traits, while accounting for correlation among the multiple traits. We performed extensive numerical studies and also applied VIMCO to analyze two datasets. The numerical studies and real data analysis demonstrate that VIMCO improves statistical power over single-trait analysis strategies when the multiple traits are correlated and has comparable performance when the traits are not correlated. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The VIMCO software can be downloaded from: https://github.com/XingjieShi/VIMCO. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Shi
- Department of Statistics, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China.,Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yuling Jiao
- School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Statistics and Management, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Can Yang
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Xinyi Lin
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jin Liu
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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48
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Meguro A, Yamane T, Takeuchi M, Miyake M, Fan Q, Zhao W, Wang IJ, Mizuki Y, Yamada N, Nomura N, Tsujikawa A, Matsuda F, Hosoda Y, Saw SM, Cheng CY, Tsai TH, Yoshida M, Iijima Y, Teshigawara T, Okada E, Ota M, Inoko H, Mizuki N. Genome-Wide Association Study in Asians Identifies Novel Loci for High Myopia and Highlights a Nervous System Role in Its Pathogenesis. Ophthalmology 2020; 127:1612-1624. [PMID: 32428537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify novel susceptibility loci for high myopia. DESIGN Genome-wide association study (GWAS) followed by replication and meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS A total of 14 096 samples from East and Southeast Asian populations (2549 patients with high myopia and 11 547 healthy controls). METHODS We performed a GWAS in 3269 Japanese individuals (1668 with high myopia and 1601 control participants), followed by replication analysis in a total of 10 827 additional samples (881 with high myopia and 9946 control participants) from Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan. To confirm the biological role of the identified loci in the pathogenesis of high myopia, we performed functional annotation and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We evaluated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with high myopia and GO terms enriched among genes identified in the current study. RESULTS We identified 9 loci with genome-wide significance (P < 5.0 × 10-8). Three loci were previously reported myopia-related loci (ZC3H11B on 1q41, GJD2 on 15q14, and RASGRF1 on 15q25.1), and the other 6 were novel (HIVEP3 on 1p34.2, NFASC/CNTN2 on 1q32.1, CNTN4/CNTN6 on 3p26.3, FRMD4B on 3p14.1, LINC02418 on 12q24.33, and AKAP13 on 15q25.3). The GO analysis revealed a significant role of the nervous system related to synaptic signaling, neuronal development, and Ras/Rho signaling in the pathogenesis of high myopia. CONCLUSIONS The current study identified 6 novel loci associated with high myopia and demonstrated an important role of the nervous system in the disease pathogenesis. Our findings give new insight into the genetic factors underlying myopia, including high myopia, by connecting previous findings and allowing for a clarified interpretation of the cause and pathophysiologic features of myopia at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Meguro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Advanced Medicine for Ocular Diseases, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamane
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Advanced Medicine for Ocular Diseases, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Advanced Medicine for Ocular Diseases, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Qiao Fan
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wanting Zhao
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - I-Jong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Norihiro Yamada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naoko Nomura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Hosoda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tzu-Hsun Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Masao Yoshida
- Department of Public Health, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Iijima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aoto Eye Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Teshigawara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Advanced Medicine for Ocular Diseases, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Yokosuka Chuoh Eye Clinic, Yokosuka, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Tsurumi Chuoh Eye Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eiichi Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okada Eye Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masao Ota
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Ocular Diseases, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Molecular Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Advanced Medicine for Ocular Diseases, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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Lin Y, Ding Y, Jiang D, Li C, Huang X, Liu L, Xiao H, Vasudevan B, Chen Y. Genome-Wide Association of Genetic Variants With Refraction, Axial Length, and Corneal Curvature: A Longitudinal Study of Chinese Schoolchildren. Front Genet 2020; 11:276. [PMID: 32269590 PMCID: PMC7109285 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myopia is a common eye disorder that is approaching epidemic proportions worldwide. A genome-wide association study identified AREG (rs12511037), GABRR1 (rs13215566), and PDE10A (rs12206610) as being associated with refractive error in Asian populations. The present study investigated the associations between these three genetic variants and the occurrence and development of myopia, spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL), and corneal curvature (CC) in a cohort of southeastern Chinese schoolchildren. Methods We examined and followed 550 children in grade 1 enrolled in the Wenzhou Epidemiology of Refractive Error (WERE) project. During the 4-year follow-up, non-cycloplegic refraction was evaluated twice each year, and the AL and CC were measured once every year. Age, sex, and the amounts of time spent on near work and outdoors were documented with a questionnaire. Sanger DNA sequencing was used to genotype single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPtest software was used to identify potential genetic variants associated with myopia, SER, AL, and CC. Ten thousand permutations were used to correct for multiple testing. Results In total, 469 children, including 249 (53.1%) boys and 220 (46.9%) girls, were included in analyses. The mean age of all the children was 6.33 ± 0.48 years. After adjusting for age, sex, time spent on near work and time spent outdoors, neither the genotypes nor the allele frequencies of the three SNPs were significantly associated with myopic shift, incident myopia or the change in SER. After adjusting for age, sex, near-work time and outdoor time with 10,000 permutations, the genotype AREG (rs12511037) was associated with an increase in AL (P′-values for the dominant, recessive, additive and general models were 0.0032, 0.0275, 0.0045, and 0.0099, respectively); the genotype PDE10A (rs12206610) was associated with a change in CC in the additive (P′ = 0.0096), dominant (P′ = 0.0096), and heterozygous models (P′ = 0.0096). Conclusion These findings preliminarily indicate that AREG SNP rs12511037 and PDE10A SNP rs12206610 are etiologically relevant for ocular traits, providing a basis for further exploration of the development of myopia and its molecular mechanism. However, elucidating the role of AREG and PDE10A in the pathogenesis of myopia requires further animal model and human genetic epidemiology studies. This trial is registered as ChiCTR1900020584 at www.Chictr.org.cn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Lin
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunchun Li
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Huang
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linjie Liu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haishao Xiao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Yanyan Chen
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Genome-wide association meta-analysis of corneal curvature identifies novel loci and shared genetic influences across axial length and refractive error. Commun Biol 2020; 3:133. [PMID: 32193507 PMCID: PMC7081241 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal curvature, a highly heritable trait, is a key clinical endophenotype for myopia - a major cause of visual impairment and blindness in the world. Here we present a trans-ethnic meta-analysis of corneal curvature GWAS in 44,042 individuals of Caucasian and Asian with replication in 88,218 UK Biobank data. We identified 47 loci (of which 26 are novel), with population-specific signals as well as shared signals across ethnicities. Some identified variants showed precise scaling in corneal curvature and eye elongation (i.e. axial length) to maintain eyes in emmetropia (i.e. HDAC11/FBLN2 rs2630445, RBP3 rs11204213); others exhibited association with myopia with little pleiotropic effects on eye elongation. Implicated genes are involved in extracellular matrix organization, developmental process for body and eye, connective tissue cartilage and glycosylation protein activities. Our study provides insights into population-specific novel genes for corneal curvature, and their pleiotropic effect in regulating eye size or conferring susceptibility to myopia.
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