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Hu M, Liang S, Wu Q, Shin Lee C, Lu J, Bao S, Wu C, Liang Z. Association between changes in glycosylated hemoglobin during the second and third trimesters and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women without hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 216:111841. [PMID: 39209162 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) during the second and third trimesters and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women without hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1,057 pregnant women who underwent serum HbA1c and delivered at Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from May 2022 to March 2023, were included in this study. They were divided into four groups. Associations were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS In our study, an upward trend in HbA1c levels in the second trimester (HbA1c_S) and third trimester (HbA1c_T) among women without HIP was demonstrated. Multivariate logistics regression analysis showed significant associations: Pregnant women with HbA1c_S<5.5 %, HbA1c_T≥6.1 %, or with HbA1c_S≥5.5 %, HbA1c_T<6.1 % had a significant correlation with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) (aOR:2.72, 95 %CI=1.24-5.97;aOR:2.59, 95 %CI=1.15-5.84). Furthermore, for each 1 % increase in the difference value of HbA1c between the second and third trimesters, the risk of HDP increased about 1.96 times, and the risk of delivering a large-for-gestational-age baby increased about 1.30 times. CONCLUSION Among pregnant women without HIP, elevated HbA1c levels in the second or third trimester are associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Hu
- Obstetrical Department, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Obstetrical Department, Shaoxing Keqiao Women & Children's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shucheng Liang
- Obstetrical Department, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Obstetrical Department, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chee Shin Lee
- Obstetrical Department, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjun Lu
- Obstetrical Department, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuting Bao
- Obstetrical Department, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoyong Wu
- Obstetrical Department, Shaoxing Keqiao Women & Children's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Liang
- Obstetrical Department, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.
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Salmeri N, Seidenari A, Cavoretto PI, Papale M, Candiani M, Farina A. Maternal prepregnancy weight as an independent risk factor for congenital heart defect: systematic review and meta-analysis stratified by subtype and severity of defect. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2024; 64:294-307. [PMID: 38629488 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between increased maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the risk of congenital heart defect (CHD) in offspring. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus from inception to 20 April 2023. Risk estimates were abstracted or calculated for increased BMI categories (overweight, obesity, moderate obesity and severe obesity) compared with normal weight (reference). Fixed-effects or random-effects models were used to combine individual study risk estimates based on the degree of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to weight pooled estimates for relevant moderators, particularly diabetes before and during pregnancy. Subgroup analyses for specific CHD subtypes were conducted if there were at least two studies with available data. Findings were presented for groups of defects, categorized using severity and topographic-functional criteria, and for individual defects. The certainty of the evidence for each effect estimate was evaluated according to Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. RESULTS Overall, 31 studies comprising 4 861 693 patients and 86 136 CHD cases were included. The risk of CHD increased progressively from moderate to severe obesity (pooled odds ratio (OR), 1.15 (95% CI, 1.11-1.20) and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.27-1.53), respectively). Sensitivity analysis indicated that this effect persisted independently of maternal diabetes status before or during pregnancy. In the subgroup analysis, obesity was associated with up to a 1.5-fold increase in the risk of severe CHD (pooled OR, 1.48 (95% CI, 1.03-2.13)). Severe obesity was associated with an even higher risk, with 1.8-times higher odds compared with the reference group for specific CHD subtypes, including tetralogy of Fallot (pooled OR, 1.72 (95% CI, 1.38-2.16)), pulmonary valve stenosis (pooled OR, 1.79 (95% CI, 1.39-2.30)) and atrial septal defect (pooled OR, 1.71 (95% CI, 1.48-1.97)). CONCLUSIONS Maternal weight is a crucial modifiable risk factor for CHD, particularly for severe forms of defect. Further research is needed to investigate whether weight management before pregnancy might serve as a preventive measure against CHD. In pregnant women with obesity, fetal echocardiography should be a routine diagnostic procedure. © 2024 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Salmeri
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - A Seidenari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P I Cavoretto
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - M Papale
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - M Candiani
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - A Farina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Obstetric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Powell TL, Ferchaud-Roucher V, Madi L, Uhlson C, Zemski-Berry K, Kramer AC, Erickson K, Palmer C, Chassen SS, Castillo-Castrejon M. Synthesis of phospholipids in human placenta. Placenta 2024; 147:12-20. [PMID: 38278000 PMCID: PMC10923060 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placental phospholipid synthesis is critical for the expansion of the placental exchange surface area and for production of signaling molecules. Despite their importance, it is not yet established which enzymes involved in the de novo synthesis and remodeling of placental phospholipids are expressed and active in the human placenta. METHODS We identified phospholipid synthesis enzymes by immunoblotting in placental homogenates and immunofluorescence in placenta tissue sections. Primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells from term healthy placentas (n = 10) were cultured and exposed to 13C labeled fatty acids (16:0, 18:1 and 18:2 n-6, 22:6 n-3) for 2 and 24 h. Three phospholipid classes; phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, and lysophosphatidylcholine containing 13C fatty acids were quantified by Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). RESULTS Acyl transferase and phospholipase enzymes were detected in human placenta homogenate and primarily expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast. Three representative 13C fatty acids (16:0, 18:1 and 18:2 n-6) were incorporated rapidly into phosphatidic acid in trophoblasts, but 13C labeled docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3) incorporation was not detected. 13C DHA was incorporated into phosphatidylcholine. Lysophosphatidylcholine containing all four 13C labeled fatty acids were found in high abundance. CONCLUSIONS Phospholipid synthesis and remodeling enzymes are present in the syncytiotrophoblast. 13C labeled fatty acids were rapidly incorporated into cellular phospholipids. 13C DHA was incorporated into phospholipids through the remodeling pathway rather than by de novo synthesis. These understudied pathways are highly active and critical for structure and function of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Powell
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Veronique Ferchaud-Roucher
- University of Nantes-INRAE UMR 1280 PhAN, CHU Nantes, CRNH Ouest CHU Hotel Dieu, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 1er etage aile nord HNB, 44093, Nantes Cedex 1, France.
| | - Lana Madi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Charis Uhlson
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Karin Zemski-Berry
- Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Avery C Kramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Kathryn Erickson
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Claire Palmer
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Stephanie S Chassen
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Marisol Castillo-Castrejon
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th St., Stanton L Young Biomedical Research Center Room 458, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Hu M, Zhang X, Gao YP, Hu YX, Teng T, Wang SS, Tang QZ. Isthmin-1 Improves Aging-Related Cardiac Dysfunction in Mice through Enhancing Glycolysis and SIRT1 Deacetylase Activity. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0113. [PMID: 38300636 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging-related cardiac dysfunction poses a major risk factor of mortality for elderly populations, however, efficient treatment for aging-related cardiac dysfunction is far from being known. Isthmin-1 (ISM1) is a novel adipokine that promotes glucose uptake and acts indispensable roles in restraining inflammatory and fibrosis. The present study aims to investigate the potential role and molecular mechanism of ISM1 in aging-related cardiac dysfunction. Aged and matched young mice were overexpressed or silenced with ISM1 to investigate the role of ISM1 in aging-related cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, H9C2 cells were stimulated with D-galactose (D-gal) to examine the role of ISM1 in vitro. Herein, we found that cardiac-specific overexpression of ISM1 significantly mitigated insulin resistance by promoting glucose uptake in aging mice. ISM1 overexpression alleviated while ISM1 silencing deteriorated cellular senescence, cardiac inflammation, and dysfunction in natural and accelerated cardiac aging. Mechanistically, ISM1 promoted glycolysis and activated Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) through increasing glucose uptake. ISM1 increased glucose uptake via translocating GLUT4 to the surface, thereby enhancing glycolytic flux and hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) flux, ultimately leading to increased SIRT1 activity through O-GlcNAc modification. ISM1 may serve as a novel potential therapeutic target for preventing aging-related cardiac disease in elderly populations. ISM1 prevents aging-related cardiac dysfunction by promoting glycolysis and enhancing SIRT1 deacetylase activity, making it a promising therapeutic target for aging-related cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yi-Peng Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yu-Xin Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, China
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Dong Z, Liu H, Wan D, Wu X, Yin Y. Ferrous-sucrose complex supplementation regulates maternal plasma metabolism and the fecal microbiota composition and improves neonatal immunity and placental glucose transportation by activating the EGF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in sows. Food Funct 2024; 15:906-916. [PMID: 38168829 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03733a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a dynamic state involving rapid physiological changes in metabolism, affecting the health and development of the offspring. During pregnancy, the placenta constitutes a physical and immunological barrier to provide fetal nutrition through the maternal blood and prevent the exposure of the fetus to dangerous signals. Metabolic changes in the plasma, the fecal microbiota profile, and functional regulation in the placenta were studied in sows supplied with a ferrous-sucrose complex (FeSuc) from late gestation to parturition. The results revealed that maternal FeSuc supplementation enhanced arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, with increased glutamic acid, beta-D-glucosamine, L-proline, 1-butylamine, and succinic acid and reduced sphingosine and chenodeoxycholic acid sulfate levels in the plasma. Moreover, significantly increased abundances of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4B4_group were detected in the feces of sows from the FeSuc group (P < 0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group abundances were positively correlated with glutamic acid, indoxyl sulfate, acetyl-DL-leucine, and beta-D-glucosamine, while Christensenellaceae_R-7_group was positively correlated with beta-D-glucosamine. Furthermore, maternal FeSuc supplementation significantly increased neonatal glucose (P < 0.01) and iron (P < 0.01) in the neonatal serum, significantly increased IL-10 and TGF-β1 levels in the neonatal liver (P < 0.01) and jejunum (P < 0.05), promoted the transcription of immune molecules in the placenta, and significantly increased the protein expressions of EGF (P < 0.05), PI3K (P < 0.01), p-PI3K (P < 0.001), p-AKT (P < 0.01), and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) (P < 0.001) in the placenta. The current study demonstrated that FeSuc supplementation regulated maternal metabolism processes by altering the fecal microbial composition and improved neonatal immunity and placental glucose transportation by activating the EGF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
| | - Dan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.
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Di Gesù CM, Buffington SA. The early life exposome and autism risk: a role for the maternal microbiome? Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2385117. [PMID: 39120056 PMCID: PMC11318715 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2385117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are highly heritable, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by clinical presentation of atypical social, communicative, and repetitive behaviors. Over the past 25 years, hundreds of ASD risk genes have been identified. Many converge on key molecular pathways, from translational control to those regulating synaptic structure and function. Despite these advances, therapeutic approaches remain elusive. Emerging data unearthing the relationship between genetics, microbes, and immunity in ASD suggest an integrative physiology approach could be paramount to delivering therapeutic breakthroughs. Indeed, the advent of large-scale multi-OMIC data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation is yielding an increasingly mechanistic understanding of ASD and underlying risk factors, revealing how genetic susceptibility interacts with microbial genetics, metabolism, epigenetic (re)programming, and immunity to influence neurodevelopment and behavioral outcomes. It is now possible to foresee exciting advancements in the treatment of some forms of ASD that could markedly improve quality of life and productivity for autistic individuals. Here, we highlight recent work revealing how gene X maternal exposome interactions influence risk for ASD, with emphasis on the intrauterine environment and fetal neurodevelopment, host-microbe interactions, and the evolving therapeutic landscape for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M. Di Gesù
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shelly A. Buffington
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Kramer AC, Jansson T, Bale TL, Powell TL. Maternal-fetal cross-talk via the placenta: influence on offspring development and metabolism. Development 2023; 150:dev202088. [PMID: 37831056 PMCID: PMC10617615 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Compelling epidemiological and animal experimental data demonstrate that cardiometabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases originate in a suboptimal intrauterine environment. Here, we review evidence suggesting that altered placental function may, at least in part, mediate the link between the maternal environment and changes in fetal growth and development. Emerging evidence indicates that the placenta controls the development and function of several fetal tissues through nutrient sensing, modulation of trophoblast nutrient transporters and by altering the number and cargo of released extracellular vesicles. In this Review, we discuss the development and functions of the maternal-placental-fetal interface (in humans and mice) and how cross-talk between these compartments may be a mechanism for in utero programming, focusing on mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), adiponectin and O-GlcNac transferase (OGT) signaling. We also discuss how maternal diet and stress influences fetal development and metabolism and how fetal growth restriction can result in susceptibility to developing chronic disease later in life. Finally, we speculate how interventions targeting placental function may offer unprecedented opportunities to prevent cardiometabolic disease in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery C. Kramer
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tracy L. Bale
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Theresa L. Powell
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Basak S, Varma S, Duttaroy AK. Modulation of fetoplacental growth, development and reproductive function by endocrine disrupters. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1215353. [PMID: 37854189 PMCID: PMC10579913 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal endocrine homeostasis is vital to a successful pregnancy, regulated by several hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, estrogen, leptin, glucocorticoid, insulin, prostaglandin, and others. Endocrine stress during pregnancy can modulate nutrient availability from mother to fetus, alter fetoplacental growth and reproductive functions. Endocrine disrupters such as bisphenols (BPs) and phthalates are exposed in our daily life's highest volume. Therefore, they are extensively scrutinized for their effects on metabolism, steroidogenesis, insulin signaling, and inflammation involving obesity, diabetes, and the reproductive system. BPs have their structural similarity to 17-β estradiol and their ability to bind as an agonist or antagonist to estrogen receptors to elicit an adverse response to the function of the endocrine and reproductive system. While adults can negate the adverse effects of these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), fetuses do not equip themselves with enzymatic machinery to catabolize their conjugates. Therefore, EDC exposure makes the fetoplacental developmental window vulnerable to programming in utero. On the one hand prenatal BPs and phthalates exposure can impair the structure and function of the ovary and uterus, resulting in placental vascular defects, inappropriate placental expression of angiogenic growth factors due to altered hypothalamic response, expression of nutrient transporters, and epigenetic changes associated with maternal endocrine stress. On the other, their exposure during pregnancy can affect the offspring's metabolic, endocrine and reproductive functions by altering fetoplacental programming. This review highlights the latest development in maternal metabolic and endocrine modulations from exposure to estrogenic mimic chemicals on subcellular and transgenerational changes in placental development and its effects on fetal growth, size, and metabolic & reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saikanth Varma
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Diniz MS, Grilo LF, Tocantins C, Falcão-Pires I, Pereira SP. Made in the Womb: Maternal Programming of Offspring Cardiovascular Function by an Obesogenic Womb. Metabolites 2023; 13:845. [PMID: 37512552 PMCID: PMC10386510 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity incidence has been increasing at an alarming rate, especially in women of reproductive age. It is estimated that 50% of pregnancies occur in overweight or obese women. It has been described that maternal obesity (MO) predisposes the offspring to an increased risk of developing many chronic diseases in an early stage of life, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the main cause of death worldwide among men and women, and it is manifested in a sex-divergent way. Maternal nutrition and MO during gestation could prompt CVD development in the offspring through adaptations of the offspring's cardiovascular system in the womb, including cardiac epigenetic and persistent metabolic programming of signaling pathways and modulation of mitochondrial metabolic function. Currently, despite diet supplementation, effective therapeutical solutions to prevent the deleterious cardiac offspring function programming by an obesogenic womb are lacking. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which an obesogenic intrauterine environment could program the offspring's cardiovascular metabolism in a sex-divergent way, with a special focus on cardiac mitochondrial function, and debate possible strategies to implement during MO pregnancy that could ameliorate, revert, or even prevent deleterious effects of MO on the offspring's cardiovascular system. The impact of maternal physical exercise during an obesogenic pregnancy, nutritional interventions, and supplementation on offspring's cardiac metabolism are discussed, highlighting changes that may be favorable to MO offspring's cardiovascular health, which might result in the attenuation or even prevention of the development of CVD in MO offspring. The objectives of this manuscript are to comprehensively examine the various aspects of MO during pregnancy and explore the underlying mechanisms that contribute to an increased CVD risk in the offspring. We review the current literature on MO and its impact on the offspring's cardiometabolic health. Furthermore, we discuss the potential long-term consequences for the offspring. Understanding the multifaceted effects of MO on the offspring's health is crucial for healthcare providers, researchers, and policymakers to develop effective strategies for prevention and intervention to improve care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Diniz
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Ph.D. Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F Grilo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Ph.D. Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Tocantins
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Ph.D. Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Waker CA, Hwang AE, Bowman-Gibson S, Chandiramani CH, Linkous B, Stone ML, Keoni CI, Kaufman MR, Brown TL. Mouse models of preeclampsia with preexisting comorbidities. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1137058. [PMID: 37089425 PMCID: PMC10117893 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1137058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition and a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It is thought to occur due to abnormal placental development or dysfunction, because the only known cure is delivery of the placenta. Several clinical risk factors are associated with an increased incidence of preeclampsia including chronic hypertension, diabetes, autoimmune conditions, kidney disease, and obesity. How these comorbidities intersect with preeclamptic etiology, however, is not well understood. This may be due to the limited number of animal models as well as the paucity of studies investigating the impact of these comorbidities. This review examines the current mouse models of chronic hypertension, pregestational diabetes, and obesity that subsequently develop preeclampsia-like symptoms and discusses how closely these models recapitulate the human condition. Finally, we propose an avenue to expand the development of mouse models of preeclampsia superimposed on chronic comorbidities to provide a strong foundation needed for preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Waker
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Amy E. Hwang
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Scout Bowman-Gibson
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Chandni H. Chandiramani
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Bryce Linkous
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Madison L. Stone
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Chanel I. Keoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Melissa R. Kaufman
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Thomas L. Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas L. Brown,
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11
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Metabolic landscape in cardiac aging: insights into molecular biology and therapeutic implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:114. [PMID: 36918543 PMCID: PMC10015017 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac aging is evident by a reduction in function which subsequently contributes to heart failure. The metabolic microenvironment has been identified as a hallmark of malignancy, but recent studies have shed light on its role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Various metabolic pathways in cardiomyocytes and noncardiomyocytes determine cellular senescence in the aging heart. Metabolic alteration is a common process throughout cardiac degeneration. Importantly, the involvement of cellular senescence in cardiac injuries, including heart failure and myocardial ischemia and infarction, has been reported. However, metabolic complexity among human aging hearts hinders the development of strategies that targets metabolic susceptibility. Advances over the past decade have linked cellular senescence and function with their metabolic reprogramming pathway in cardiac aging, including autophagy, oxidative stress, epigenetic modifications, chronic inflammation, and myocyte systolic phenotype regulation. In addition, metabolic status is involved in crucial aspects of myocardial biology, from fibrosis to hypertrophy and chronic inflammation. However, further elucidation of the metabolism involvement in cardiac degeneration is still needed. Thus, deciphering the mechanisms underlying how metabolic reprogramming impacts cardiac aging is thought to contribute to the novel interventions to protect or even restore cardiac function in aging hearts. Here, we summarize emerging concepts about metabolic landscapes of cardiac aging, with specific focuses on why metabolic profile alters during cardiac degeneration and how we could utilize the current knowledge to improve the management of cardiac aging.
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12
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Wang S, Ning J, Huai J, Yang H. Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy-Associated Oxidative Stress Augments Altered Placental Glucose Transporter 1 Trafficking via AMPKα/p38MAPK Signaling Cascade. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158572. [PMID: 35955706 PMCID: PMC9369398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GLUT1, being a ubiquitous transporter isoform, is considered primarily responsible for glucose uptake during glycolysis. However, there is still uncertainty about the regulatory mechanisms of GLUT1 in hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP, PGDM, and GDM) accompanied by abnormal oxidative stress responses. In the present study, it was observed that the glycolysis was enhanced in GDM and PGDM pregnancies. In line with this, the antioxidant system was disturbed and GLUT1 expression was increased due to diabetes impairment in both placental tissues and in vitro BeWo cells. GLUT1 responded to high glucose stimulation through p38MAPK in an AMPKα-dependent manner. Both the medical-mediated and genetic depletion of p38MAPK in BeWo cells could suppress GLUT1 expression and OS-induced proapoptotic effects. Furthermore, blocking AMPKα with an inhibitor or siRNA strategy promoted p38MAPK, GLUT1, and proapoptotic molecules expression and vice versa. In general, a new GLUT1 regulation pathway was identified, which could exert effects on placental transport function through the AMPKα-p38MAPK pathway. AMPKα may be a therapeutic target in HIP for alleviating diabetes insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (S.W.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (S.W.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jing Huai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (S.W.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; (S.W.); (J.N.); (J.H.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Beijing 100034, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Vaughan OR, Rosario FJ, Chan J, Cox LA, Ferchaud-Roucher V, Zemski-Berry KA, Reusch JEB, Keller AC, Powell TL, Jansson T. Maternal obesity causes fetal cardiac hypertrophy and alters adult offspring myocardial metabolism in mice. J Physiol 2022; 600:3169-3191. [PMID: 35545608 DOI: 10.1113/jp282462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity in pregnant women causes fetal cardiac dysfunction and increases offspring cardiovascular disease risk, but its effect on myocardial metabolism is unknown. We hypothesized that maternal obesity alters fetal cardiac expression of metabolism-related genes and shifts offspring myocardial substrate preference from glucose towards lipids. Female mice were fed control or obesogenic diets before and during pregnancy. Fetal hearts were studied in late gestation (embryonic day (E) 18.5; term ≈ E21), and offspring were studied at 3, 6, 9 or 24 months postnatally. Maternal obesity increased heart weight and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (Pparg) expression in female and male fetuses and caused left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the adult offspring. Cardiac dysfunction worsened progressively with age in female, but not male, offspring of obese dams, in comparison to age-matched control animals. In 6-month-old offspring, exposure to maternal obesity increased cardiac palmitoyl carnitine-supported mitochondrial respiration in males and reduced myocardial 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in females. Cardiac Pparg expression remained higher in adult offspring of obese dams than control dams and was correlated with contractile and metabolic function. Maternal obesity did not affect cardiac palmitoyl carnitine respiration in females or 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in males and did not alter cardiac 3 H-oleic acid uptake, pyruvate respiration, lipid content or fatty acid/glucose transporter abundance in offspring of either sex. The results support our hypothesis and show that maternal obesity affects offspring cardiac metabolism in a sex-dependent manner. Persistent upregulation of Pparg expression in response to overnutrition in utero might underpin programmed cardiac impairments mechanistically and contribute to cardiovascular disease risk in children of women with obesity. KEY POINTS: Obesity in pregnant women causes cardiac dysfunction in the fetus and increases lifelong cardiovascular disease risk in the offspring. In this study, we showed that maternal obesity in mice induces hypertrophy of the fetal heart in association with altered expression of genes related to nutrient metabolism. Maternal obesity also alters cardiac metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids in the adult offspring. The results suggest that overnutrition in utero might contribute to increased cardiovascular disease risk in children of women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen R Vaughan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Fredrick J Rosario
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeannie Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura A Cox
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Veronique Ferchaud-Roucher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Karin A Zemski-Berry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy C Keller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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14
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Sibiak R, Ozegowska K, Wender-Ozegowska E, Gutaj P, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B. Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)-Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects. Nutrients 2022; 14:2025. [PMID: 35631166 PMCID: PMC9146575 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of specialized glucose transporters (GLUTs) provide constant glucose transport from the maternal circulation to the developing fetus through the placental barrier from the early stages of pregnancy. GLUT1 is a prominent protein isoform that regulates placental glucose transfer via glucose-facilitated diffusion. The GLUT1 membrane protein density and permeability of the syncytial basal membrane (BM) are the main factors limiting the rate of glucose diffusion in the fetomaternal compartment in physiological conditions. Besides GLUT1, the GLUT3 and GLUT4 isoforms are widely expressed across the human placenta. Numerous medical conditions and molecules, such as hormones, adipokines, and xenobiotics, alter the GLUT's mRNA and protein expression. Diabetes upregulates the BM GLUT's density and promotes fetomaternal glucose transport, leading to excessive fetal growth. However, most studies have found no between-group differences in GLUTs' placental expression in macrosomic and normal control pregnancies. The fetomaternal GLUTs expression may also be influenced by several other conditions, such as chronic hypoxia, preeclampsia, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Sibiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-701 Poznan, Poland;
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ozegowska
- Department of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ewa Wender-Ozegowska
- Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (E.W.-O.); (P.G.)
| | - Pawel Gutaj
- Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (E.W.-O.); (P.G.)
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-701 Poznan, Poland;
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-701 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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15
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Adiponectin Deficiency Alters Placenta Function but Does Not Affect Fetal Growth in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094939. [PMID: 35563332 PMCID: PMC9101632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin administration to pregnant mice decreases nutrient transport and fetal growth. An adiponectin deficiency, on the other hand, as seen in obese women during pregnancy, alters fetal growth; however, the mechanism is unclear. To determine the role of adiponectin on placenta function and fetal growth, we used adiponectin knockout, adiponectin heterozygote that displays reduced adiponectin levels, and wild-type mice on a control diet or high fat/high sucrose (HF/HS) diet. Triglycerides (TGs) in the serum, liver, and placenta were measured using colorimetric assays. Gene expression was measured using quantitative RT-PCR. Adiponectin levels did not affect fetal weight, but it reduced adiponectin levels, increased fetal serum and placenta TG content. Wildtype dams on a HF/HS diet protected the fetuses from fatty acid overload as judged by increased liver TGs in dams and normal serum and liver TG levels in fetuses, while low adiponectin was associated with increased fetal liver TGs. Low maternal adiponectin increased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid transport; Lpl and Cd36 in the placenta. Adiponectin deficiency does not affect fetal growth but induces placental dysfunction and increases fetal TG load, which is enhanced with obesity. This could lead to imprinting effects on the fetus and the development of metabolic dysfunction in the offspring.
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16
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Acosta-Manzano P, Leopold-Posch B, Simmons D, Devlieger R, Galjaard S, Corcoy R, Adelantado JM, Dunne F, Harreiter J, Kautzky-Willer A, Damm P, Mathiesen ER, Jensen DM, Andersen LL, Tanvig M, Lapolla A, Dalfra MG, Bertolotto A, Wender-Ozegowska E, Zawiejska A, Hill DJ, Snoek FJ, Jelsma J, Desoye G, van Poppel M. The unexplored role of sedentary time and physical activity in glucose and lipid metabolism-related placental mRNAs in pregnant women who are obese: the DALI lifestyle randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2022; 129:708-721. [PMID: 34559946 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore: (i) the association of sedentary time (ST) and physical activity (PA) during pregnancy with the placental expression of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism in pregnant women who are obese; (ii) maternal metabolic factors mediating changes in these placental transcripts; and (iii) cord blood markers related to the mRNAs mediating neonatal adiposity. DESIGN Multicentre randomised controlled trial. SETTING Hospitals in nine European countries. POPULATION A cohort of 112 pregnant women with placental tissue. METHODS Both ST and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) levels were measured objectively using accelerometry at three time periods during pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Placental mRNAs (FATP2, FATP3, FABP4, GLUT1 and PPAR-γ) were measured with NanoString technology. Maternal and fetal metabolic markers and neonatal adiposity were assessed. RESULTS Longer periods of ST, especially in early to middle pregnancy, was associated with lower placental FATP2 and FATP3 expression (P < 0.05), whereas MVPA at baseline was inversely associated with GLUT1 mRNA (P = 0.02). Although placental FATP2 and FATP3 expression were regulated by the insulin-glucose axis (P < 0.05), no maternal metabolic marker mediated the association of ST/MVPA with placental mRNAs (P > 0.05). Additionally, placental FATP2 expression was inversely associated with cord blood triglycerides and free fatty acids (FFAs; P < 0.01). No cord blood marker mediated neonatal adiposity except for cord blood leptin, which mediated the effects of PPAR-γ on neonatal sum of skinfolds (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In early to middle pregnancy, ST is associated with the expression of placental genes linked to lipid transport. PA is hardly related to transporter mRNAs. Strategies aimed at reducing sedentary behaviour during pregnancy could modulate placental gene expression, which may help to prevent unfavourable fetal and maternal pregnancy outcomes. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Reducing sedentary behaviour in pregnancy might modulate placental expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in women who are obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Acosta-Manzano
- PA-HELP 'Physical Activity for Health Promotion, CTS-1018' Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Leopold-Posch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - D Simmons
- Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Devlieger
- Department of Development and Regeneration: Pregnancy, Fetus and Neonate, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Galjaard
- Department of Development and Regeneration: Pregnancy, Fetus and Neonate, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, KU Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Corcoy
- CIBER Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J M Adelantado
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Dunne
- Galway Diabetes Research Centre (GDRC) and National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Harreiter
- Gender Medicine Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Kautzky-Willer
- Gender Medicine Unit, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Damm
- Departments of Endocrinology and Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E R Mathiesen
- Departments of Endocrinology and Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet and Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D M Jensen
- Steno Diabetes Centre Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - L L Andersen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - M Tanvig
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Lapolla
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M G Dalfra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A Bertolotto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Wender-Ozegowska
- Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Zawiejska
- Chair of Medical Education, Department of Medical Simulation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - D J Hill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - F J Snoek
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jgm Jelsma
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mnm van Poppel
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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17
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Garcia-Santillan JA, Lazo-de-la-Vega-Monroy ML, Rodriguez-Saldaña GC, Solis-Barbosa MA, Corona-Figueroa MA, Gonzalez-Dominguez MI, Gomez-Zapata HM, Malacara JM, Barbosa-Sabanero G. Placental Nutrient Transporters and Maternal Fatty Acids in SGA, AGA, and LGA Newborns From Mothers With and Without Obesity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:822527. [PMID: 35399516 PMCID: PMC8990844 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.822527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse environmental factors in early life result in fetal metabolic programming and increased risk of adult diseases. Birth weight is an indirect marker of the intrauterine environment, modulated by nutrient availability and placental transport capacity. However, studies of placental transporters in idiopathic birth weight alterations and in maternal obesity in relation to neonatal metabolic outcomes are scarce. We aimed to analyze the placental nutrient transporter protein expression in small (SGA, n = 14), adequate (AGA, n = 18), and large (LGA n = 10) gestational age term for newborns from healthy or obese mothers (LGA-OB, n = 9) and their association with maternal fatty acids, metabolic status, placental triglycerides, and neonatal outcomes. The transporter expression was determined by Western blot. The fatty acid profile was evaluated by gas chromatography, and placental triglycerides were quantified by an enzymatic colorimetric method. GLUT1 was higher in LGA and lower in SGA and positively correlated with maternal HbA1c and placental weight (PW). SNAT2 was lower in SGA, while SNAT4 was lower in LGA-OB. FATP1 was lower in SGA and higher in LGA. SNAT4 correlated negatively and FATP1 correlated positively with the PW and birth anthropometry (BA). Placental triglycerides were higher in LGA and LGA-OB and correlated with pregestational BMI, maternal insulin, and BA. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was higher in SGA, specifically in male placentas, correlating negatively with maternal triglycerides, PW, cord glucose, and abdominal perimeter. Palmitic acid (PA) correlated positively with FATP4 and cord insulin, linoleic acid correlated negatively with PA and maternal cholesterol, and arachidonic acid correlated inversely with maternal TG and directly with FATP4. Our study highlights the importance of placental programming in birth weight both in healthy and obese pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miguel-Angel Solis-Barbosa
- Medical Sciences Department, Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, Campus Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Juan-Manuel Malacara
- Medical Sciences Department, Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, Campus Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Gloria Barbosa-Sabanero
- Medical Sciences Department, Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, Campus Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Gloria Barbosa-Sabanero,
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18
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Differential Expression of Glucose Transporter Proteins GLUT-1, GLUT-3, GLUT-8 and GLUT-12 in the Placenta of Macrosomic, Small-for-Gestational-Age and Growth-Restricted Foetuses. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245833. [PMID: 34945129 PMCID: PMC8705605 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental transfer of glucose constitutes one of the major determinants of the intrauterine foetal growth. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the expression of glucose transporter proteins GLUT-1, GLUT-3, GLUT-8 and GLUT-12 in the placenta of macrosomic, small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and growth-restricted foetuses (FGR). A total of 70 placental tissue samples were collected from women who delivered macrosomic ≥4000 g (n = 26), SGA (n = 11), growth-restricted (n = 13) and healthy control neonates (n = 20). Computer-assisted quantitative morphometry of stained placental sections was performed to determine the expression of selected GLUT proteins. Immunohistochemical staining identified the presence of all glucose transporters in the placental tissue. Quantitative morphometric analysis performed for the vascular density-matched placental samples revealed a significant decrease in GLUT-1 and increase in GLUT-3 protein expression in pregnancies complicated by FGR as compared to other groups (p < 0.05). In addition, expression of GLUT-8 was significantly decreased among SGA foetuses (p < 0.05). No significant differences in GLUTs expression were observed in women delivering macrosomic neonates. In the SGA group foetal birth weight (FBW) was negatively correlated with GLUT-3 (rho = −0.59, p < 0.05) and positively with GLUT-12 (rho = 0.616, p < 0.05) placental expression. In addition, a positive correlation between FBW and GLUT-12 expression in the control group (rho = 0.536, p < 0.05) was noted. In placentas derived from FGR-complicated pregnancies the expression of two major glucose transporters GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 is altered. On the contrary, idiopathic foetal macrosomia is not associated with changes in the placental expression of GLUT-1, GLUT-3, GLUT-8 and GLUT-12 proteins.
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19
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Zhao S, Wang D, Li Z, Xu S, Chen H, Ding W, Yang J, Zhao W, Sun B, Wang Z. FGF15/FGF19 alleviates insulin resistance and upregulates placental IRS1/GLUT expression in pregnant mice fed a high-fat diet. Placenta 2021; 112:81-88. [PMID: 34329971 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.07.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate whether FGF19 can alleviate insulin resistance and change the expression of placental IRS1/GLUTs. METHODS Mice transgenic for Fgf15 (the murine homologue of human FGF19) were constructed, and human recombinant FGF19 was administered to pregnant high-fat diet mice. Then, glycolipid metabolism parameters and the weight of foetus and placenta were observed. The expression levels of key molecules of the insulin signalling pathway and glucose transporters in placentae were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Primary trophoblasts and JAR cells were cultured in high-glucose medium, and FGF19 was added to observe its regulatory effects on IRS1/GLUTs. RESULTS Overexpressing FGF15 or exogenously administering FGF19 reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and free fatty acids in pregnant high-fat diet mice compared to control mice (P < 0.05). FGF15/FGF19 did not significantly affect placental weight, foetal weight or litter size (P > 0.05). In addition, FGF15/FGF19 upregulated the expression of p-IRS1 and GLUT4 in the placentae of high-fat diet mice and upregulated GLUT1 levels in the placentae of normal diet-fed mice (P < 0.05), while it did not significantly alter total IRS1 and GLUT3 levels (P > 0.05). Consistent with the results of the animal experiments, FGF19 increased the expression of p-IRS1 and GLUT4 in trophoblast cells cultured in high-glucose medium (P < 0.05). DISCUSSION Overexpressing FGF15 or administering FGF19 to pregnant high-fat diet mice can improve glycolipid metabolism and alleviate systemic and local insulin resistance. The possible underlying mechanism may involve upregulation of placental expression of p-IRS1 and GLUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhuyu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shuqia Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haitian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenjing Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zilian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Silva MH. Chlorpyrifos and Δ 9 Tetrahydrocannabinol exposure and effects on parameters associated with the endocannabinoid system and risk factors for obesity. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:296-308. [PMID: 34467221 PMCID: PMC8384771 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Marilyn Silva. Retired from a career in toxicology and risk assessment. Increased childhood and adult obesity are associated with chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate pesticide. Cannabis (Δ9Tetrahydrocannabinol: Δ9THC) use has increased globally with legalization. CPF applications on cannabis crops lacks federally regulated tolerances and may pose health risks through exposure during development and in adulthood. Both CPF and Δ9THC affect the endocannabinoid system (eCBS), a regulator of appetite, energy balance, and gut microbiota, which, if disrupted, increases risk for obesity and related diseases. CPF inhibits eCB metabolism and Δ9THC is a partial agonist/antagonist at the cannabinoid receptor (CB1R). Effects of each on obesogenic parameters were examined via literature search. Male rodents with CPF exposure showed increased body weights, dysbiosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, potentially associated with increased eCBs acting through the gut-microbiota-adipose-brain regulatory loop. Δ9THC generally decreased body weights via partial agonism at the CB1R, lowering levels of eCBs. Dysbiosis and/or oxidative stress associated inflammation occurred with CPF, but these parameters were not tested with Δ9THC. Database deficiencies included limited endpoints to compare between chemicals/age-groups, inter-study variables (dose ranges, dosing vehicle, rodent strain, treatment duration, etc.). CPF and Δ9THC were not tested together, but human co-chemical effects would depend on exposure ratio, subject age, exposure duration, and health status, among others. An overriding concern is that both chemicals are well-documented developmental neurotoxins in addition to their low dose effects on energy balance. A co-exposure risk assessment is warranted with increased use and lack of federal CPF regulation on cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn H. Silva
- Retired from a career in toxicology and risk assessment 2437, Evenstar Lane, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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21
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Joshi NP, Mane AR, Sahay AS, Sundrani DP, Joshi SR, Yajnik CS. Role of Placental Glucose Transporters in Determining Fetal Growth. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:2744-2759. [PMID: 34339038 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrient availability and its transport through the placenta are crucial for fetal development. Nutrients are transported to the fetus via specific transporters present on the microvillous (MVM) and basal membrane (BM) of the placenta. Glucose is the most abundant nutrient transferred to the fetus and plays a key role in the fetal growth and development. The transfer of glucose across the human placenta is directly proportional to maternal glucose concentrations, and is mediated by glucose transporter family proteins (GLUTs). Maternal glucose concentration influences expression and activity of GLUTs in the MVM (glucose uptake) and BM (glucose delivery). Alteration in the number and function of these transporters may affect the growth and body composition of the fetus. The thin-fat phenotype of the Indian baby (low ponderal index, high adiposity) is proposed as a harbinger of future metabolic risk. We propose that placental function mediated through nutrient transporters contributes to the phenotype of the baby, specifically that glucose transporters will influence neonatal fat. This review discusses the role of various glucose transporters in the placenta in determining fetal growth and body composition, in light of the above hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita P Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Aditi R Mane
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Akriti S Sahay
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Deepali P Sundrani
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune, 411043, India.
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22
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Castillo-Castrejon M, Yamaguchi K, Rodel RL, Erickson K, Kramer A, Hirsch NM, Rolloff K, Jansson T, Barbour LA, Powell TL. Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on placental expression and activity of nutrient transporters and their association with birth weight and neonatal adiposity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 532:111319. [PMID: 33989714 PMCID: PMC8206039 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Infants born to women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are at risk of being born large for gestational age due to excess fetal fat accretion. Placental nutrient transport determines fetal nutrient availability, impacting fetal growth. The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of T2DM on placental insulin signaling, placental nutrient transporters and neonatal adiposity. METHODS Placentas were collected from BMI-matched normoglycemic controls (NGT, n = 9) and T2DM (n = 9) women. Syncytiotrophoblast microvillous (MVM) and basal (BM) plasma membranes were isolated. Expression of glucose (GLUT1, -4), fatty acid (FATP2, -4, -6, FAT/CD36), amino acid (SNAT1, -2, -4, LAT1, -2) transporters, insulin signaling, and System A transporter activity was determined. Neonatal fat mass (%) was measured in a subset of neonates born to T2DM women. RESULTS GLUT1 protein expression was increased (p = 0.001) and GLUT4 decreased (p = 0.006) in BM from T2DM. MVM FATP6 expression was increased (p = 0.02) and correlated with birth weight in both T2DM and NGT groups (r = 0.65, p = 0.02). BM FATP6 expression was increased (p = 0.01) in T2DM. In MVM of T2DM placentas, SNAT1 expression was increased (p = 0.05) and correlated with birth weight (r = 0.84, p = 0.004); SNAT2 was increased (p = 0.01), however System A transporter activity was not different between groups. MVM LAT1 expression was increased (p = 0.01) in T2DM and correlated with birth weight (r = 0.59, p = 0.04) and neonatal fat mass (r = 0.76, p = 0.06). CONCLUSION In pregnancies complicated by T2DM placental protein expression of transporters for glucose, amino acids and fatty acids is increased, which may contribute to increased fetal growth and neonatal adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Castillo-Castrejon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Kyohei Yamaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Rachel L Rodel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kathryn Erickson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Anita Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nicole M Hirsch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kristy Rolloff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Linda A Barbour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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23
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Abstract
Almost 2 billion adults in the world are overweight, and more than half of them are classified as obese, while nearly one-third of children globally experience poor growth and development. Given the vast amount of knowledge that has been gleaned from decades of research on growth and development, a number of questions remain as to why the world is now in the midst of a global epidemic of obesity accompanied by the "double burden of malnutrition," where overweight coexists with underweight and micronutrient deficiencies. This challenge to the human condition can be attributed to nutritional and environmental exposures during pregnancy that may program a fetus to have a higher risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. To explore this concept, frequently called the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), this review considers a host of factors and physiological mechanisms that drive a fetus or child toward a higher risk of obesity, fatty liver disease, hypertension, and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). To that end, this review explores the epidemiology of DOHaD with discussions focused on adaptations to human energetics, placental development, dysmetabolism, and key environmental exposures that act to promote chronic diseases in adulthood. These areas are complementary and additive in understanding how providing the best conditions for optimal growth can create the best possible conditions for lifelong health. Moreover, understanding both physiological as well as epigenetic and molecular mechanisms for DOHaD is vital to most fully address the global issues of obesity and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hoffman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Program in International Nutrition, and Center for Childhood Nutrition Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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24
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Adibi JJ, Layden AJ, Birru RL, Miragaia A, Xun X, Smith MC, Yin Q, Millenson ME, O’Connor TG, Barrett ES, Snyder NW, Peddada S, Mitchell RT. First trimester mechanisms of gestational sac placental and foetal teratogenicity: a framework for birth cohort studies. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:747-770. [PMID: 33675653 PMCID: PMC8222765 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of the gestational sac (GS) and the placenta in the closely related processes of embryogenesis and teratogenicity in the first trimester has been minimally described. The prevailing assumption is that direct teratogenic effects are mediated by the critical extraembryonic organ, the placenta, which either blocks or transfers exposures to the foetus. Placental transfer is a dominant mechanism, but there are other paradigms by which the placenta can mediate teratogenic effects. Knowledge of these paradigms and first trimester human developmental biology can be useful to the epidemiologist in the conduct of biomarker-based studies of both maternal and child health. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Our aim is to provide a causal framework for modelling the teratogenic effects of first trimester exposures on child health outcomes mediated by the GS and placenta using biomarker data collected in the first trimester. We initially present first trimester human developmental biology for the sake of informing and strengthening epidemiologic approaches. We then propose analytic approaches of modelling placental mechanisms by way of causal diagrams using classical non-embryolethal teratogens (diethylstilboestrol [DES], folic acid deficiency and cytomegalovirus [CMV]) as illustrative examples. We extend this framework to two chronic exposures of particular current interest, phthalates and maternal adiposity. SEARCH METHODS Information on teratogens was identified by a non-systematic, narrative review. For each teratogen, we included papers that answered the five following questions: (i) why were these exposures declared teratogens? (ii) is there a consensus on biologic mechanism? (iii) is there reported evidence of a placental mechanism? (iv) can we construct a theoretical model of a placental mechanism? and (v) can this knowledge inform future work on measurement and modelling of placental-foetal teratogenesis? We prioritized literature specific to human development, the organogenesis window in the first trimester and non-embryolethal mechanisms. OUTCOMES As a result of our review of the literature on five exposures considered harmful in the first trimester, we developed four analytic strategies to address first trimester placental mechanisms in birth cohort studies: placental transfer and direct effects on the foetus (DES and maternal adiposity), indirect effects through targeted placental molecular pathways (DES and phthalates), pre-placental effects through disruptions in embryonic and extraembryonic tissue layer differentiation (folic acid deficiency), and multi-step mechanisms that involve maternal, placental and foetal immune function and inflammation (DES and CMV). WIDER IMPLICATIONS The significance of this review is to offer a causal approach to classify the large number of potentially harmful exposures in pregnancy when the exposure occurs in the first trimester. Our review will facilitate future research by advancing knowledge of the first trimester mechanisms necessary for researchers to effectively associate environmental exposures with child health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Adibi
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander J Layden
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rahel L Birru
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Miragaia
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoshuang Xun
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan C Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Thomas G O’Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shyamal Peddada
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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25
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Ermini L, Nuzzo AM, Ietta F, Romagnoli R, Moretti L, Masturzo B, Paulesu L, Rolfo A. Placental Glucose Transporters and Response to Bisphenol A in Pregnancies from of Normal and Overweight Mothers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6625. [PMID: 34205666 PMCID: PMC8233759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic phenol extensively used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins and a component of liquid and food storages. Among health disorders potentially attributed to BPA, the effects on metabolism have been especially studied. BPA represents a hazard in prenatal life because of its presence in tissues and fluids during pregnancy. Our recent study in rats fed with BPA showed a placental increase in glucose type 1 transporter (GLUT-1), suggesting a higher uptake of glucose. However, the role of BPA on GLUT transporters in pregnant women with metabolic dysfunction has not yet been investigated. In this study, placental tissue from 26 overweight (OW) women and 32 age-matched normal weight (NW) pregnant women were examined for expression of GLUT1 and GLUT4. Placental explants from OW and NW mothers were exposed to BPA 1 nM and 1 μM and tested for GLUTs expression. The data showed a different response of placental explants to BPA in GLUT1 expression with an increase in NW mothers and a decrease in OW ones. GLUT4 expression was lower in the explants from OW than NW mothers, while no difference was showed between OW and NW in placental biopsies for any of the transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ermini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Anna Maria Nuzzo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.M.N.); (L.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Francesca Ietta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Roberta Romagnoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Moretti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.M.N.); (L.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Bianca Masturzo
- Città della Salute e della Scienza, Sant’Anna University Hospital, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Luana Paulesu
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.E.); (R.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Alessandro Rolfo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Ventimiglia 3, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.M.N.); (L.M.); (A.R.)
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26
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Bedell S, Hutson J, de Vrijer B, Eastabrook G. Effects of Maternal Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on the Placenta: Current Knowledge and Targets for Therapeutic Interventions. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:176-192. [PMID: 32543363 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200616144512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are becoming more common among pregnant women worldwide and are individually associated with a number of placenta-mediated obstetric complications, including preeclampsia, macrosomia, intrauterine growth restriction and stillbirth. The placenta serves several functions throughout pregnancy and is the main exchange site for the transfer of nutrients and gas from mother to fetus. In pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity or GDM, the placenta is exposed to environmental changes, such as increased inflammation and oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and altered hormone levels. These changes can affect placental development and function and lead to abnormal fetal growth and development as well as metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities in the offspring. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the effects of obesity and GDM on placental development and function. Understanding these processes is key in developing therapeutic interventions with the goal of mitigating these effects and preventing future cardiovascular and metabolic pathology in subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bedell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6A 3B4, Canada
| | - Janine Hutson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6A 3B4, Canada
| | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6A 3B4, Canada
| | - Genevieve Eastabrook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6A 3B4, Canada
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27
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Kodesh A, Levine SZ, Khachadourian V, Rahman R, Schlessinger A, O’Reilly PF, Grove J, Schendel D, Buxbaum JD, Croen L, Reichenberg A, Sandin S, Janecka M. Maternal health around pregnancy and autism risk: a diagnosis-wide, population-based study. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-9. [PMID: 33766168 PMCID: PMC8464612 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) associated with some maternal diagnoses in pregnancy. However, such associations have not been studied systematically, accounting for comorbidity between maternal disorders. Therefore our aim was to comprehensively test the associations between maternal diagnoses around pregnancy and ASD risk in offspring. METHODS This exploratory case-cohort study included children born in Israel from 1997 to 2008, and followed up until 2015. We used information on all ICD-9 codes received by their mothers during pregnancy and the preceding year. ASD risk associated with each of those conditions was calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for the confounders (birth year, maternal age, socioeconomic status and number of ICD-9 diagnoses during the exposure period). RESULTS The analytic sample consisted of 80 187 individuals (1132 cases, 79 055 controls), with 822 unique ICD-9 codes recorded in their mothers. After extensive quality control, 22 maternal diagnoses were nominally significantly associated with offspring ASD, with 16 of those surviving subsequent filtering steps (permutation testing, multiple testing correction, multiple regression). Among those, we recorded an increased risk of ASD associated with metabolic [e.g. hypertension; HR = 2.74 (1.92-3.90), p = 2.43 × 10-8], genitourinary [e.g. non-inflammatory disorders of cervix; HR = 1.88 (1.38-2.57), p = 7.06 × 10-5] and psychiatric [depressive disorder; HR = 2.11 (1.32-3.35), p = 1.70 × 10-3] diagnoses. Meanwhile, mothers of children with ASD were less likely to attend prenatal care appointment [HR = 0.62 (0.54-0.71), p = 1.80 × 10-11]. CONCLUSIONS Sixteen maternal diagnoses were associated with ASD in the offspring, after rigorous filtering of potential false-positive associations. Replication in other cohorts and further research to understand the mechanisms underlying the observed associations with ASD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arad Kodesh
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Meuhedet Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stephen Z. Levine
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Vahe Khachadourian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rayees Rahman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Paul F. O’Reilly
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jakob Grove
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine—Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Diana Schendel
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Section for Epidemiology, National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lisa Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sven Sandin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Janecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Biomedicine—Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Nogues P, Dos Santos E, Couturier-Tarrade A, Berveiller P, Arnould L, Lamy E, Grassin-Delyle S, Vialard F, Dieudonne MN. Maternal Obesity Influences Placental Nutrient Transport, Inflammatory Status, and Morphology in Human Term Placenta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1880-e1896. [PMID: 32936881 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal obesity has a significant impact on placental development. However, this impact on the placenta's structure and function (ie, nutrient transport and hormone and cytokine production) is a controversial subject. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that maternal obesity is associated with morphologic, secretory, and nutrient-related changes and elevated levels of inflammation in the placenta. DESIGN We collected samples of placental tissue from 2 well-defined groups of pregnant women from 2017 to 2019. We compared the 2 groups regarding placental cytokine and hormone secretion, immune cell content, morphology, and placental nutrient transporter expressions. SETTING Placenta were collected after caesarean section performed by experienced clinicians at Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal (CHI) of Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye. PATIENTS The main inclusion criteria were an age between 27 and 37 years old, no complications of pregnancy, and a first-trimester body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2 for the nonobese (control) group and 30-40 kg/m2 for the obese group. RESULTS In contrast to our starting hypothesis, we observed that maternal obesity was associated with (1) lower placental IL-6 expression and macrophage/leukocyte infiltration, (2) lower placental expression of GLUT1 and SNAT1-2, (3) a lower placental vessel density, and (4) lower levels of placental leptin and human chorionic gonadotropin production. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the placenta is a plastic organ and could optimize fetal growth. A better understanding of placental adaptation is required because these changes may partly determine the fetal outcome in cases of maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Nogues
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Esther Dos Santos
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Service de Biologie Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy-Saint-Germain, Poissy, France
| | - Anne Couturier-Tarrade
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Paul Berveiller
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Poissy, France
| | - Lucie Arnould
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Elodie Lamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation, Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Stanislas Grassin-Delyle
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Infection et inflammation, Département de Biotechnologie de la Santé, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
- Hôpital Foch, Département des maladies des voies respiratoires, Suresnes, France
| | - François Vialard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, Cytogénétique, Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Poissy, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Dieudonne
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Reynolds L, Vsevolozhskaya O, Rice B, Chavan N, Dugan A, Maddox H, Preston J, DeHoff L, O'Brien J, Pearson K. Physical activity during pregnancy alters gene expression in neonatal tissue. Physiol Int 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractReducing the risk of developing chronic disease, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, is an important component of successful aging. Offspring born to mothers who exercise during pregnancy have improved body composition and metabolic profiles. However, mechanisms to explain this phenomenon are lacking.PurposeThis study examined whether maternal step counts were correlated with neonatal gene expression markers related to glucose metabolism and adipogenesis.MethodsPhysical activity levels were assessed in women with male neonates via Fitbit Flex® during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. The dartos and epidermal/dermal layers of the foreskin were collected following circumcision in full-term, singleton, neonates (n = 12 dartos and n = 14 dermal). Tissue was homogenized, RNA isolated, and a NanoString code set was run to quantify a panel of genes related to glucose metabolism and adipogenesis.ResultsTwelve genes were correlated to steps per day with a P-value of <0.05. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, six genes remained significantly correlated to steps per day (False Discovery Rate-corrected P-value < 0.10). Notably, glucose transporter 1, adiponectin receptor 1, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and beta were positively correlated with steps per day, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1- alpha were negatively correlated with steps per day.ConclusionMaternal physical activity is associated with offspring gene expression markers of adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake. Future studies should aim to mechanistically examine whether these markers are driving increased adiposity in offspring born to sedentary mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.J. Reynolds
- 1Department of Human Movement Sciences, College of Education and Professional Studies, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - O.A. Vsevolozhskaya
- 2Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - B.B. Rice
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - N.R. Chavan
- 4Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - A.J. Dugan
- 2Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - H.F. Maddox
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J.D. Preston
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- 5School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L.B. DeHoff
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J.M. O'Brien
- 4Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - K.J. Pearson
- 3Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Moreno-Sepulveda J, Espinós JJ, Checa MA. Lower risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in natural versus artificial frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 42:1131-1145. [PMID: 33903031 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of observational studies reports on perinatal outcomes after frozen embryo transfer (FET). The aim was to determine whether natural cycle frozen embryo transfer (NC-FET) in singleton pregnancies conceived after IVF decreased the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes compared with artificial cycle frozen embryo transfer (AC-FET). Thirteen cohort studies, including 93,201 cycles, met the inclusion criteria. NC-FET was associated with a lower risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.73), preeclampsia (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.53), large for gestational age (LGA) (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.96) and macrosomia (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.97) compared with AC-FET. No significant difference was found in the risk of gestational hypertension and small for gestational age. Secondary outcomes assessed were the risk of preterm birth (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.88); post-term birth (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.80); low birth weight (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.89); caesarean section (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.91); postpartum haemorrhage (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.45); placental abruption (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.98); and placenta accreta (RR 0.18, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.33). All were significantly lower with NC-FET compared with AC-FET. In assessing safety, NC-FET significantly decreased the risk of HDP, preeclampsia, LGA, macrosomia, preterm birth, post-term birth, low birth weight, caesarean section, postpartum haemorrhage, placental abruption and placenta accreta. Further randomized controlled trials addressing the effect of NC-FET and AC-FET on maternal and perinatal outcomes are warranted. Clinicians should carefully monitor pregnancies achieved by FET in artificial cycles prenatally, during labour and postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Moreno-Sepulveda
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Universitario UAB, Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain; Clínica de la Mujer Medicina Reproductiva, Alejandro Navarrete 2606, Viña del Mar, Chile.
| | - Juan Jose Espinós
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Universitario UAB, Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain; Fertty International, Carrer d'Ausiàs Marc, 25, Barcelona 08010, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Carrer de Sant Quintí, 89 Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Checa
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Universitario UAB, Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain; Fertty International, Carrer d'Ausiàs Marc, 25, Barcelona 08010, Spain; GRI-BCN, Barcelona Infertility Research Group, IMIM, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
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Tezuka K, Fuchi N, Okuma K, Tsukiyama T, Miura S, Hasegawa Y, Nagata A, Komatsu N, Hasegawa H, Sasaki D, Sasaki E, Mizukami T, Kuramitsu M, Matsuoka S, Yanagihara K, Miura K, Hamaguchi I. HTLV-1 targets human placental trophoblasts in seropositive pregnant women. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:6171-6186. [PMID: 33074247 DOI: 10.1172/jci135525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is mainly transmitted vertically through breast milk. The rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) through formula feeding, although significantly lower than through breastfeeding, is approximately 2.4%-3.6%, suggesting the possibility of alternative transmission routes. MTCT of HTLV-1 might occur through the uterus, birth canal, or placental tissues; the latter is known as transplacental transmission. Here, we found that HTLV-1 proviral DNA was present in the placental villous tissues of the fetuses of nearly half of pregnant carriers and in a small number of cord blood samples. An RNA ISH assay showed that HTLV-1-expressing cells were present in nearly all subjects with HTLV-1-positive placental villous tissues, and their frequency was significantly higher in subjects with HTLV-1-positive cord blood samples. Furthermore, placental villous trophoblasts expressed HTLV-1 receptors and showed increased susceptibility to HTLV-1 infection. In addition, HTLV-1-infected trophoblasts expressed high levels of viral antigens and promoted the de novo infection of target T cells in a humanized mouse model. In summary, during pregnancy of HTLV-1 carriers, HTLV-1 was highly expressed in placental villous tissues, and villous trophoblasts showed high HTLV-1 sensitivity, suggesting that MTCT of HTLV-1 occurs through the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Tezuka
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Fuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsukiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shoko Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuri Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ai Nagata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nahoko Komatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Eita Sasaki
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Mizukami
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Kuramitsu
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sahoko Matsuoka
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Let-7a-5p inhibits triple-negative breast tumor growth and metastasis through GLUT12-mediated warburg effect. Cancer Lett 2020; 495:53-65. [PMID: 32946964 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for its aggressive phenotype with limited treatment modalities and poor prognosis. The Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis) is a hallmark of cancer that serves as a promising target for diagnosis and therapy. However, how aerobic glycolysis regulates TNBC remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the glucose transporter (GLUT) family member GLUT12 promotes TNBC tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo through regulating aerobic glycolysis. MicroRNA let-7a-5p, a tumor suppressor, inhibited GLUT12 expression by targeting its 3'-untranslated region, and suppressed GLUT12-mediated TNBC tumor growth, metastasis, and glycolytic function, including alterations of glucose uptake, lactate production, ATP generation, extracellular acidification rate, and oxygen consumption rate. Inhibiting aerobic glycolysis abolished the ability of let-7a-5p and GLUT12 to regulate TNBC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. In TNBC patients, GLUT12 was significantly upregulated, and let-7a-5p expression was inversely correlated with GLUT12 expression. High expression of let-7a-5p and GLUT12 predicted better and worse clinical outcomes, respectively. Taken together, our results indicate that the let-7a-5p/GLUT12 axis plays key roles in TNBC tumor growth and metastasis, and aerobic glycolysis, and is a potential target for TNBC treatment.
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Chi X, Feng C, Wang X, Jin Z. Sex hormone-binding globulin regulates glucose metabolism in human placental trophoblasts via cAMP/PKA/CREB1. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:2340-2346. [PMID: 32830408 PMCID: PMC7692910 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in human placental trophoblasts and involvement of the cAMP/PKA/CREB1 signaling pathway in these effects. METHODS An insulin resistance cell model of human trophoblasts was established. An SHBG-overexpression plasmid was transfected into these cells, and the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), CREB and p-CREB was detected and analyzed in normal cells, model cells and all groups of transfected cells by real-time PCR and western blotting; cAMP, PKA, glucose consumption and pyruvic acid levels were also detected. RESULTS Among the four groups, there was no significant difference in the expression of CREB mRNA or GLUT1 mRNA (P > 0.05); however, CREB, p-CREB, GLUT1 protein, cAMP and PKA showed low expression (P < 0.05) and cell glucose consumption and pyruvate production were decreased (P < 0.05) in the model group, compared to the normal group. SHBG overexpression in insulin-resistant cells partially increased the levels of p-CREB, GLUT1, cAMP and PKA (P < 0.05). Intracellular glucose consumption and pyruvate production were nearly restored to the levels observed in cells from the normal group. CONCLUSION Sex hormone-binding globulin regulates GLUT1 expression via the cAMP/PKA/CREB1 pathway and affects glucose transport in the placenta, which can induce insulin resistance and gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshu Chi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chong Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Shrestha N, Holland OJ, Kent NL, Perkins AV, McAinch AJ, Cuffe JSM, Hryciw DH. Maternal High Linoleic Acid Alters Placental Fatty Acid Composition. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082183. [PMID: 32717842 PMCID: PMC7468786 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal development is modulated by maternal nutrition during pregnancy. The dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA), an essential dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), has increased. We previously published that increased LA consumption during pregnancy does not alter offspring or placental weight but fetal plasma fatty acid composition; the developing fetus obtains their required PUFA from the maternal circulation. However, it is unknown if increased maternal linoleic acid alters placental fatty acid storage, metabolism, transport, and general placental function. Female Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed either a low LA diet (LLA; 1.44% of energy from LA) or high LA diet (HLA; 6.21% of energy from LA) for 10 weeks before pregnancy and during gestation. Rats were sacrificed at embryonic day 20 (E20, term = 22 days) and placentae collected. The labyrinth of placentae from one male and one female fetus from each litter were analyzed. High maternal LA consumption increased placental total n-6 and LA concentrations, and decreased total n-3 PUFA, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Fatty acid desaturase 1 (Fads1), angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4), and diacylglycerol lipase beta (Daglb) mRNA were downregulated in placentae from offspring from HLA dams. Maternal high LA downregulated the fatty acid transport protein 4 (Fatp4) and glucose transporter 1 (Slc2a1) mRNA in placentae. IL-7 and IL-10 protein were decreased in placentae from offspring from HLA dams. In conclusion, a high maternal LA diet alters the placental fatty acid composition, inflammatory proteins, and expressions of nutrient transporters, which may program deleterious outcomes in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Olivia J. Holland
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Nykola L. Kent
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia;
| | - Anthony V. Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (N.S.); (O.J.H.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Andrew J. McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - James S. M. Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia;
- Correspondence: (J.S.M.C.); (D.H.H.); Tel.: +61-737-353-601 (D.H.H.)
| | - Deanne H. Hryciw
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.S.M.C.); (D.H.H.); Tel.: +61-737-353-601 (D.H.H.)
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Placental function in maternal obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:961-984. [PMID: 32313958 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with pregnancy complications and increases the risk for the infant to develop obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. However, the mechanisms linking the maternal obesogenic environment to adverse short- and long-term outcomes remain poorly understood. As compared with pregnant women with normal BMI, women entering pregnancy obese have more pronounced insulin resistance, higher circulating plasma insulin, leptin, IGF-1, lipids and possibly proinflammatory cytokines and lower plasma adiponectin. Importantly, the changes in maternal levels of nutrients, growth factors and hormones in maternal obesity modulate placental function. For example, high insulin, leptin, IGF-1 and low adiponectin in obese pregnant women activate mTOR signaling in the placenta, promoting protein synthesis, mitochondrial function and nutrient transport. These changes are believed to increase fetal nutrient supply and contribute to fetal overgrowth and/or adiposity in offspring, which increases the risk to develop disease later in life. However, the majority of obese women give birth to normal weight infants and these pregnancies are also associated with activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, oxidative stress, decreased oxidative phosphorylation and lipid accumulation in the placenta. Recent bioinformatics approaches have expanded our understanding of how maternal obesity affects the placenta; however, the link between changes in placental function and adverse outcomes in obese women giving birth to normal sized infants is unclear. Interventions that specifically target placental function, such as activation of placental adiponectin receptors, may prevent the transmission of metabolic disease from obese women to the next generation.
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Madlala HP, Malaba TR, Newell ML, Myer L. Elevated body mass index during pregnancy and gestational weight gain in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in Cape Town, South Africa: association with adverse birth outcomes. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25:702-713. [PMID: 32133728 PMCID: PMC7269797 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) and adverse birth outcomes in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. METHODS In an urban South African community, 2921 consecutive HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women attending primary healthcare services were assessed at their first antenatal visit. A subset of HIV-infected women enrolled in a longitudinal study was assessed three times during pregnancy. All women had birth outcome data from medical records and study questionnaires. In analyses, the associations between BMI, GWG, maternal factors and adverse birth outcomes were assessed with logistic regression models. RESULTS The estimated pre-pregnancy BMI median was 29 kg/m2 (IQR, 24-34) overall, 29 kg/m2 (IQR, 24-34) for HIV-uninfected and 28 kg/m2 (IQR, 24-34) for HIV-infected women; HIV prevalence was 38%. In adjusted models, increased BMI in the overall cohort was positively associated with age, haemoglobin and parity at first antenatal visit. Maternal obesity was associated with increased likelihood of having high birthweight (aOR 2.54, 95% CI 1.39-4.66) and large size for gestational age (aOR 1.66, 95% CI 1.20-2.31) infants. In the subset cohort, GWG was associated with increased likelihood of spontaneous preterm delivery (aOR 4.35, 95% CI 1.55-12.21) and high birthweight (aOR 3.00, 95% CI 1.22-7.34) infants. CONCLUSION Obesity during pregnancy is prevalent in this setting and appears associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women. Weight management interventions targeting women of child-bearing age are needed to promote healthy pregnancies and reduce adverse birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hlengiwe P. Madlala
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Thokozile R. Malaba
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Marie-Louise Newell
- Institute for Developmental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Landon Myer
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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Differential Effects of Post-Weaning Diet and Maternal Obesity on Mouse Liver and Brain Metabolomes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061572. [PMID: 32481497 PMCID: PMC7352523 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional changes during developmental windows are of particular concern in offspring metabolic disease. Questions are emerging concerning the role of maternal weight changes before conception, particularly for weight loss, in the development of diet-related disorders. Understanding the physiological pathways affected by the maternal trajectories in the offspring is therefore essential, but a broad overview is still lacking. We recently reported both metabolic and behavioral negative outcomes in offspring born to obese or weight-loss mothers and fed a control of high-fat diet, suggesting long-term modeling of metabolic pathways needing to be further characterized. Using non-targeted LC–HRMS, we investigated the impact of maternal and post-weaning metabolic status on the adult male offspring’s metabolome in three tissues involved in energy homeostasis: liver, hypothalamus and olfactory bulb. We showed that post-weaning diet interfered with the abundance of several metabolites, including 1,5-anhydroglucitol, saccharopine and β-hydroxybutyrate, differential in the three tissues. Moreover, maternal diet had a unique impact on the abundance of two metabolites in the liver. Particularly, anserine abundance, lowered by maternal obesity, was normalized by a preconceptional weight loss, whatever the post-weaning diet. This study is the first to identify a programming long-term effect of maternal preconception obesity on the offspring metabolome.
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Helle E, Priest JR. Maternal Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus as Risk Factors for Congenital Heart Disease in the Offspring. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e011541. [PMID: 32308111 PMCID: PMC7428516 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.011541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common anatomical malformation occurring live‐born infants and an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality across the lifespan and throughout the world. Population‐based observations have long described associations between maternal cardiometabolic disorders and the risk of CHD in the offspring. Here we review the epidemiological evidence and clinical observations relating maternal obesity and diabetes mellitus to the risk of CHD offspring with particular attention to mechanistic models of maternal‐fetal risk transmission and first trimester disturbances of fetal cardiac development. A deeper understanding of maternal risk factors holds the potential to improve both prenatal detection of CHD by identifying at‐risk pregnancies, along with primary prevention of disease by improving preconception and prenatal treatment of at‐risk mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Helle
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.,Pediatric Cardiology Children's Hospital, and Pediatric Research Center Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - James R Priest
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA.,Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco CA
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Thakali KM, Zhong Y, Cleves M, Andres A, Shankar K. Associations between maternal body mass index and diet composition with placental DNA methylation at term. Placenta 2020; 93:74-82. [PMID: 32250742 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal obesity and poor quality diets are associated with greater risk of obesity in offspring. Maternal diet and obesity influence placental gene expression and nutrient transport, but the impact of diet and obesity on global epigenetic changes in the placenta are poorly understood. We hypothesized that placental DNA methylation patterns are associated with maternal body mass index (BMI) and/or maternal diet composition. METHODS Using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), we assessed genome scale DNA methylation of ~300,000 CpGs in 150 term placentas from normal weight mothers (n = 72) and overweight/obese mothers (n = 78). Maternal BMI was assessed before week 10 of gestation and maternal diet composition was assessed using 3-day food records at each trimester. RESULTS In multivariable linear regression models, maternal BMI category (normal weight or overweight/obese), BMI (kg/m2), and maternal saturated fat consumption (g/d) were associated (p < 0.0001) with methylation of 185, 103, and 302 CpGs, respectively. Of the 56 CpGs associated with both maternal BMI category and maternal BMI (p < 0.0001), GO analysis showed biological processes related to SREBP signaling, phospholipid transport, granulocyte differentiation, and RNA pol II transcription to be affected. Maternal saturated fat intake was associated with methylation of 302 CpGs (p < 0.0001). These genes were related to chromatin remodeling, IGF receptor, PI3K, and nitric oxide synthase signaling. DISCUSSION These data suggest that placental DNA methylation status is associated with both maternal obesity and maternal saturated fat intake, possibly contributing to maternal obesity-associated changes in placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshari M Thakali
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ying Zhong
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Mario Cleves
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics-Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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40
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James-Allan LB, Teal S, Powell TL, Jansson T. Changes in Placental Nutrient Transporter Protein Expression and Activity Across Gestation in Normal and Obese Women. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1758-1769. [PMID: 32072607 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth and development are dependent on placental nutrient transport. The syncytiotrophoblast (ST) and its two polarized plasma membranes, the maternal-facing microvillous membrane (MVM) and fetal-facing basal membrane (BM), represent the primary barrier in the human placenta, controlling transplacental transfer of small solutes. MVM and BM nutrient transporter expression and activity are increased in obese mothers delivering large babies. However, placental nutrient transporter expression and activity in early gestation in normal and obese women are largely unknown. Placentas from normal BMI and obese women at 6-24 weeks of gestation, and term placentas from normal BMI women, were collected and ST plasma membranes isolated. The activity and protein expression of amino acid, glucose, and fatty acid transporters was assessed. No significant differences were observed in placental nutrient transporter protein expression between normal BMI and obese women in early pregnancy. In the MVM, system A amino acid activity (p = 0.02), SNAT2 (p < 0.0001), SNAT4 (p < 0.001), and GLUT1 (p = 0.01) protein expression were higher at term compared with early gestation. In contrast, MVM system L activity (p = 0.001), FATP4 (p = 0.03), and FATP6 (p = 0.009) protein expression were lower at term compared with early pregnancy. In the BM, there was no change in system L activity across gestation; however, BM FATP6 (p = 0.002) protein expression was lower at term compared with early pregnancy. These results suggest that placental transport of amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids are subjected to coordinated regulation across gestation to meet a fetal nutrient demand that changes with advancing pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B James-Allan
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Stephanie Teal
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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41
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Chassen S, Jansson T. Complex, coordinated and highly regulated changes in placental signaling and nutrient transport capacity in IUGR. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165373. [PMID: 30684642 PMCID: PMC6650384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The most common cause of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in the developed world is placental insufficiency, a concept often used synonymously with reduced utero-placental and umbilical blood flows. However, placental insufficiency and IUGR are associated with complex, coordinated and highly regulated changes in placental signaling and nutrient transport including inhibition of insulin and mTOR signaling and down-regulation of specific amino acid transporters, Na+/K+-ATPase, the Na+/H+-exchanger, folate and lactate transporters. In contrast, placental glucose transport capacity is unaltered and Ca2+-ATPase activity and the expression of proteins involved in placental lipid transport are increased in IUGR. These findings are not entirely consistent with the traditional view that the placenta is dysfunctional in IUGR, but rather suggest that the placenta adapts to reduce fetal growth in response to an inability of the mother to allocate resources to the fetus. This new model has implications for the understanding of the mechanisms underpinning IUGR and for the development of intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chassen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
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42
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Johns EC, Denison FC, Reynolds RM. The impact of maternal obesity in pregnancy on placental glucocorticoid and macronutrient transport and metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165374. [PMID: 30684643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is the most common metabolic disturbance in pregnancy affecting >1 in 5 women in some countries. Babies born to obese women are heavier with more adiposity at birth, and are vulnerable to obesity and metabolic disease across the lifespan suggesting offspring health is 'programmed' by fetal exposure to an obese intra-uterine environment. The placenta plays a major role in dictating the impact of maternal health on prenatal development. Maternal obesity impacts the function of integral placental receptors and transporters for glucocorticoids and nutrients, key drivers of fetal growth, though mechanisms remain poorly understood. This review aims to summarise current knowledge in this area, and considers the impact of obesity on the epigenetic machinery of the placenta at this vital juncture in offspring development. Further research is required to advance understanding of these areas in the hope that the trans-generational cycle of obesity can be alleviated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johns
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona C Denison
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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43
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Stanirowski PJ, Lipa M, Bomba-Opoń D, Wielgoś M. Expression of placental glucose transporter proteins in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth disorders. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 123:95-131. [PMID: 33485490 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy fetal growth disorders, including fetal macrosomia and fetal growth restriction (FGR) are associated with numerous maternal-fetal complications, as well as due to the adverse effect of the intrauterine environment lead to an increased morbidity in adult life. Accumulating evidence suggests that occurrence of fetal macrosomia or FGR, may be associated with alterations in the transfer of nutrients across the placenta, in particular of glucose. The placental expression and activity of specific GLUT transporters are the main regulatory factors in the process of maternal-fetal glucose exchange. This review article summarizes the results of previous studies on the expression of GLUT transporters in the placenta, concentrating on human pregnancies complicated by intrauterine fetal growth disorders. Characteristics of each transporter protein found in the placenta is presented, alterations in the location and expression of GLUT isoforms observed in individual placental compartments are described, and the factors regulating the expression of selected GLUT proteins are examined. Based on the above data, the potential function of each GLUT isoform in the maternal-fetal glucose transfer is determined. Further on, a detailed analysis of changes in the expression of glucose transporters in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth disorders is given, and significance of these modifications for the pathogenesis of fetal macrosomia and FGR is discussed. In the final part novel interventional approaches that might reduce the risk associated with abnormalities of intrauterine fetal growth through modifications of placental GLUT-mediated glucose transfer are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Jan Stanirowski
- 1(st) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Club 35. Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Lipa
- 1(st) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Club 35. Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Bomba-Opoń
- 1(st) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Wielgoś
- 1(st) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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44
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Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure during rat pregnancy leads to symmetrical fetal growth restriction and labyrinth-specific vascular defects in the placenta. Sci Rep 2020; 10:544. [PMID: 31953475 PMCID: PMC6969028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
1 in 5 women report cannabis use during pregnancy, with nausea cited as their primary motivation. Studies show that (-)-△9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the major psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, causes fetal growth restriction, though the mechanisms are not well understood. Given the critical role of the placenta to transfer oxygen and nutrients from mother, to the fetus, any compromise in the development of fetal-placental circulation significantly affects maternal-fetal exchange and thereby, fetal growth. The goal of this study was to examine, in rats, the impact of maternal Δ9-THC exposure on fetal development, neonatal outcomes, and placental development. Dams received a daily intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of vehicle control or Δ9-THC (3 mg/kg) from embryonic (E)6.5 through 22. Dams were allowed to deliver normally to measure pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, with a subset sacrificed at E19.5 for placenta assessment via immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Gestational Δ9-THC exposure resulted in pups born with symmetrical fetal growth restriction, with catch up growth by post-natal day (PND)21. During pregnancy there were no changes to maternal food intake, maternal weight gain, litter size, or gestational length. E19.5 placentas from Δ9-THC-exposed pregnancies exhibited a phenotype characterized by increased labyrinth area, reduced Epcam expression (marker of labyrinth trophoblast progenitors), altered maternal blood space, decreased fetal capillary area and an increased recruitment of pericytes with greater collagen deposition, when compared to vehicle controls. Further, at E19.5 labyrinth trophoblast had reduced glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in response to Δ9-THC exposure. In conclusion, maternal exposure to Δ9-THC effectively compromised fetal growth, which may be a result of the adversely affected labyrinth zone development. These findings implicate GLUT1 as a Δ9-THC target and provide a potential mechanism for the fetal growth restriction observed in women who use cannabis during pregnancy.
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45
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Castillo-Castrejon M, Jansson T, Powell TL. No evidence of attenuation of placental insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and amino acid transport in maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E1037-E1049. [PMID: 31573844 PMCID: PMC6962503 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00196.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancies complicated by obesity and/or gestational diabetes (GDM) are associated with peripheral insulin resistance; however, the insulin responsiveness of the placenta in these pregnancy complications remains largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that primary human trophoblast cells and placental villous explants will be insulin responsive, characterized by amino acid transport, Akt and Erk activity with maternal obesity, and/or GDM. We evaluated term placentas from women with normal body mass index (BMI) (normal; n = 15), obesity (OB; n = 11), normal BMI with GDM (N-GDM; n = 11), and obesity with GDM (OB-GDM; n = 11). In a subgroup, primary human trophoblast cells (PHT) were isolated, and in an independent subgroup placental villous explants were exposed to varying concentrations of insulin. Amino acid transport capacity and insulin signaling activity were determined. Insulin significantly increased amino acid transport activity to a similar degree in PHT cells isolated from normal (+21%), N-GDM (+38%), OB (+37%), and OB-GDM (+35%) pregnancies. Insulin increased Akt and Erk phosphorylation in PHT cells (3-fold) and in villous explants (2-fold) in all groups to a similar degree. In contrast to the peripheral maternal insulin resistance commonly associated with obesity and/or GDM, we found that the placenta is insulin sensitive in these pregnancy complications. We suggest that elevated maternal insulin levels in pregnancies complicated by obesity and/or GDM promote critical placental functions, including amino acid transport. Insulin-stimulated placental nutrient delivery may contribute to the increased risk of fetal overgrowth and adiposity in these pregnancies. Moreover, our findings may inform efforts to optimize insulin regimens for women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Castillo-Castrejon
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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46
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Kappen C, Kruger C, Jones S, Herion NJ, Salbaum JM. Maternal diet modulates placental nutrient transporter gene expression in a mouse model of diabetic pregnancy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224754. [PMID: 31774824 PMCID: PMC6881028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes in the mother during pregnancy is a risk factor for birth defects and perinatal complications and can affect long-term health of the offspring through developmental programming of susceptibility to metabolic disease. We previously showed that Streptozotocin-induced maternal diabetes in mice is associated with altered cell differentiation and with smaller size of the placenta. Placental size and fetal size were affected by maternal diet in this model, and maternal diet also modulated the risk for neural tube defects. In the present study, we sought to determine the extent to which these effects might be mediated through altered expression of nutrient transporters, specifically glucose and fatty acid transporters in the placenta. Our results demonstrate that expression of several transporters is modulated by both maternal diet and maternal diabetes. Diet was revealed as the more prominent determinant of nutrient transporter expression levels, even in pregnancies with uncontrolled diabetes, consistent with the role of diet in placental and fetal growth. Notably, the largest changes in nutrient transporter expression levels were detected around midgestation time points when the placenta is being formed. These findings place the critical time period for susceptibility to diet exposures earlier than previously appreciated, implying that mechanisms underlying developmental programming can act on placenta formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kappen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Kruger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Sydney Jones
- Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America Regulation of Gene Expression Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nils J. Herion
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America Regulation of Gene Expression Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - J. Michael Salbaum
- Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America Regulation of Gene Expression Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
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47
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Chen YH, Li L, Chen W, Liu ZB, Ma L, Gao XX, He JL, Wang H, Zhao M, Yang YY, Xu DX. Pre-pregnancy underweight and obesity are positively associated with small-for-gestational-age infants in a Chinese population. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15544. [PMID: 31664141 PMCID: PMC6820714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between suboptimal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants is not well defined. We investigated the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and the risk of SGA infants in a Chinese population. We performed a cohort study among 12029 mothers with a pregnancy. This cohort consisted of pregnant women that were: normal-weight (62.02%), underweight (17.09%), overweight (17.77%) and obese (3.12%). Birth sizes were reduced in the underweight and obese groups compared with the normal-weight group. Linear regression analysis indicated that birth size was positively associated with BMI in both the underweight and normal-weight groups. Further analysis showed that 12.74% of neonates were SGA infants in the underweight group, higher than 7.43% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.61, 2.30). Unexpectedly, 17.60% of neonates were SGA infants in the obese group, much higher than the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.57, 3.00). Additionally, 18.40% of neonates were large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants in the obese group, higher than 7.26% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 3.00; 95% CI: 2.21, 4.06). These results suggest that pre-pregnancy underweight increases the risk of SGA infants, whereas obesity increases the risks of not only LGA infants, but also SGA infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hua Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China. .,School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China. .,Implantation and Placental Development Laboratory, Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhi Bing Liu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xing Xing Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jia Liu He
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan Yuan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - De Xiang Xu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Arroyo-Jousse V, Jaramillo A, Castaño-Moreno E, Lépez M, Carrasco-Negüe K, Casanello P. Adipokines underlie the early origins of obesity and associated metabolic comorbidities in the offspring of women with pregestational obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165558. [PMID: 31654701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal pregestational obesity is a well-known risk factor for offspring obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms by which maternal obesity can induce alterations in fetal and later neonatal metabolism are not fully elucidated due to its complexity and multifactorial causes. Two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, are involved in fetal and postnatal growth trajectories, and both are altered in women with pregestational obesity. The placenta synthesizes leptin, which goes mainly to the maternal circulation and in lesser amount to the developing fetus. Maternal pregestational obesity and hyperleptinemia are associated with placental dysfunction and changes in nutrient transporters which directly affect fetal growth and development. By the other side, the embryo can produce its own leptin from early in development, which is associated to fetal weight and adiposity. Adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipokine, is downregulated in maternal obesity. High molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin is the most abundant form and with most biological actions. In maternal obesity lower total and HMW adiponectin levels have been described in the mother, paralleled with high levels in the umbilical cord. Several studies have found that cord blood adiponectin levels are related with postnatal growth trajectories, and it has been suggested that low adiponectin levels in women with pregestational obesity enhance placental insulin sensitivity and activation of placental amino acid transport systems, supporting fetal overgrowth. The possible mechanisms by which maternal pregestational obesity, focusing in the actions of leptin and adiponectin, affects the fetal development and postnatal growth trajectories in their offspring are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M Lépez
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Carrasco-Negüe
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Casanello
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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49
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Expression of glucose transporters in the human amnion derived mesenchymal stromal cells under normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sureshchandra S, Marshall NE, Messaoudi I. Impact of pregravid obesity on maternal and fetal immunity: Fertile grounds for reprogramming. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1035-1050. [PMID: 31483523 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ri0619-181r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal pregravid obesity results in several adverse health outcomes during pregnancy, including increased risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, placental abruption, and complications at delivery. Additionally, pregravid obesity and in utero exposure to high fat diet have been shown to have detrimental effects on fetal programming, predisposing the offspring to adverse cardiometabolic, endocrine, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. More recently, a deeper appreciation for the modulation of offspring immunity and infectious disease-related outcomes by maternal pregravid obesity has emerged. This review will describe currently available animal models for studying the impact of maternal pregravid obesity on fetal immunity and review the data from clinical and animal model studies. We also examine the burden of pregravid obesity on the maternal-fetal interface and the link between placental and systemic inflammation. Finally, we discuss future studies needed to identify key mechanistic underpinnings that link maternal inflammatory changes and fetal cellular reprogramming events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nicole E Marshall
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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