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Chen J, Rashid A, Wang S, Liu X, Gao G. Metabolisms and multiple functions of laminaran in marine algae under global change: A critical review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121652. [PMID: 38171655 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Laminaran is a major storage of carbohydrate in marine algae. Its high content and potential functions draw increasing attention. However, our understanding of its metabolisms and functions is still fragmented. After reviewing, marine algae exhibit a spectacular capacity of laminaran accumulation especially in the diatom Odontella aurita (65 % DW). Marine particulate organic carbon (POC) also has high contents of laminaran (42 ± 21 % DW). Laminaran shows a diel variation trend in marine algae, the content of which increases in the day but decreases at night. Laminaran also significantly accumulates in the stationary phase of algal growth. Furthermore, the metabolic pathway of laminaran and the remolding carbon mechanism in response to marine nitrogen limitation are proposed and comprehensively discussed. Laminaran production in marine phytoplankton is predicted to increase in future warmer and CO2-enriched oceans. Laminaran has diverse biological functions, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, wound healing, and prebiotics. In addition, laminaran is also a major carbon storage compound in marine algae, suggesting its significant ecological function in marine carbon cycle. This study provides new insight into algal laminaran functions and its response mechanisms to environmental and climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Azhar Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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2
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Liu X, Chen J, Du H, Liu Z, Du H, Rashid A, Wang Y, Ma W, Wang S. Resolving the dynamics of chrysolaminarin regulation in a marine diatom: A physiological and transcriptomic study. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126361. [PMID: 37591430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Diatom containing different active biological macromolecules are thought to be an excellent microbial cell factory. Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a model diatom, is a superb chassis organism accumulating chrysolaminarin with important bioactivities. However, the characteristic of chrysolaminarin accumulation and molecular mechanism of the fluctuated chrysolaminarin in diatom are still unknown. In this study, physiological data and transcriptomic analysis were carried out to clarify the mechanism involved in chrysolaminarin fluctuation. The results showed that chrysolaminarin content fluctuated, from 7.41 % dry weight (DW) to 40.01 % DW during one light/dark cycle, increase by day and decrease by night. The similar fluctuated characteristic was also observed in neutral lipid content. Genes related to the biosynthesis of chrysolaminarin and neutral lipid were up-regulated at the beginning of light-phase, explaining the accumulation of these biological macromolecules. Furthermore, genes involved in carbohydrate degradation, cell cycle, DNA replication and mitochondria-localized β-oxidation were up-regulated at the end of light phase and at the beginning of dark phase hinting an energy transition of carbohydrate to cell division during the dark period. Totally, our findings provide important information for the regulatory mechanism in the diurnal fluctuation of chrysolaminarin. It would also be of great help for the mass production of economical chrysolaminarin in marine diatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Jichen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zidong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Azhar Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanying Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
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3
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Xie X, Yang J, Du H, Chen J, Sanganyado E, Gong Y, Du H, Chen W, Liu Z, Liu X. Golgi fucosyltransferase 1 reveals its important role in α-1,4-fucose modification of N-glycan in CRISPR/Cas9 diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:6. [PMID: 36611199 PMCID: PMC9826595 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-02000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Pt) is a critical microbial cell factory to produce a wide spectrum of marketable products including recombinant biopharmaceutical N-glycoproteins. N-glycosylation modification of proteins is important for their activity, stability, and half-life, especially some special modifications, such as fucose-modification by fucosyltransferase (FucT). Three PtFucTs were annotated in the genome of P. tricornutum, PtFucT1 was located on the medial/trans-Golgi apparatus and PtFucT2-3 in the plastid stroma. Algal growth, biomass and photosynthesis efficiency were significantly inhibited in a knockout mutant of PtFucT1 (PtFucT1-KO). PtFucT1 played a role in non-core fucose modification of N-glycans. The knockout of PtFucT1 might affect the activity of PtGnTI in the complex and change the complex N-glycan to mannose type N-glycan. The study provided critical information for understanding the mechanism of protein N-glycosylation modification and using microalgae as an alternative ecofriendly cell factory to produce biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Xie
- grid.263451.70000 0000 9927 110XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Institute of Marine Sciences, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 Guangdong China
| | - Jianchao Yang
- grid.495347.8Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, 265500 Shandong China
| | - Hong Du
- grid.263451.70000 0000 9927 110XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Institute of Marine Sciences, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 Guangdong China
| | - Jichen Chen
- grid.263451.70000 0000 9927 110XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Institute of Marine Sciences, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 Guangdong China
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- grid.263451.70000 0000 9927 110XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Institute of Marine Sciences, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 Guangdong China
| | - Yangmin Gong
- grid.263451.70000 0000 9927 110XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Institute of Marine Sciences, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 Guangdong China
| | - Hua Du
- grid.263451.70000 0000 9927 110XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Institute of Marine Sciences, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 Guangdong China
| | - Weizhou Chen
- grid.263451.70000 0000 9927 110XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Institute of Marine Sciences, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 Guangdong China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003 Shandong China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- grid.263451.70000 0000 9927 110XGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Institute of Marine Sciences, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 Guangdong China
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4
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Penhaul Smith J, Hughes A, McEvoy L, Day J. Use of crude glycerol for mixotrophic culture of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Mandal S, Nagi GK, Corcoran AA, Agrawal R, Dubey M, Hunt RW. Algal polysaccharides for 3D printing: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 300:120267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Nishshanka GKSH, Anthonio RADP, Nimarshana PHV, Ariyadasa TU, Chang JS. Marine microalgae as sustainable feedstock for multi-product biorefineries. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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7
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Yang YF, Li DW, Balamurugan S, Wang X, Yang WD, Li HY. Chrysolaminarin biosynthesis in the diatom is enhanced by overexpression of 1,6-β-transglycosylase. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum Is Well Suited as a Food with Positive Effects on the Intestinal Microbiota and the Generation of SCFA: Results from a Pre-Clinical Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122504. [PMID: 35745233 PMCID: PMC9229211 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) are a sustainable source of nutrients, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), fucoxanthin (Fx), and chrysolaminarin (Chrl), the concentrations of which can vary depending on the culture conditions. We generated three types of diets containing either an EPA- and Fx-rich (EPA/Fx) or Chrl-rich microalgae (with 5, 15, or 25% added to the diet) or an isocaloric control diet (CD). These diets were evaluated over 14 days in young C57BL/6J mice for safety and bioavailability, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and microbiome analysis. Both microalgae diets increased body weight gain dose-dependently compared to the CD. Microalgae-derived EPA was well absorbed, resulting in increased liver and fat tissue levels and a decrease in the n-6:n-3 ratio in liver tissue. Both microalgae diets increased the production of selected SCFA and decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteriodota ratio, whereas the Chrl-rich diet led to an increase in Akkermansia. Doses of up to 4621 mg Chrl, 920 mg EPA, and 231 mg Fx per kg body weight daily were tolerated without adverse effects. This pre-clinical study shows that PT is suitable for mouse feed, with positive effects on microbiota composition and SCFA production, suggesting beneficial effects on gut health.
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Rehmanji M, Nesamma AA, Khan NJ, Fatma T, Jutur PP. Media engineering in marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum employing cost-effective substrates for sustainable production of high-value renewables. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100684. [PMID: 35666486 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a marine diatom, rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and brown pigment, that is, fucoxanthin. These high-value renewables (HVRs) have a high commercial and nutritional relevance. In this study, our focus was to enhance the productivities of such renewables by employing media engineering strategy via., photoautotrophic (P1, P2, P3) and mixotrophic (M1, M2, M3, M4) modes of cultivation with varying substrate combinations of carbon (glycerol: 0.1 m) and nitrogen (urea: 441 mm and/or sodium nitrate: 882 mm). Our results demonstrate that mixotrophic [M4] condition supplemented with glycerol (0.1 m) and urea (441 mm) feed enhanced productivities (mg L-1 day-1 ) as follows: biomass (770.0), total proteins (36.0), total lipids (22.0), total carbohydrates (23.0) with fatty acid methyl esters (9.6), EPA (2.7), and fucoxanthin (1.1), respectively. The overall yield of EPA represents 28% of total fatty acids in the mixotrophic [M4] condition. In conclusion, our improved strategy of feeding urea to a glycerol-supplemented medium defines a new efficient biomass valorization paradigm with cost-effective substrates for the production of HVRs in oleaginous diatoms P. tricornutum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rehmanji
- Omics of Algae Group, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Asha Arumugam Nesamma
- Omics of Algae Group, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Nida Jamil Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Tasneem Fatma
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Pannaga Pavan Jutur
- Omics of Algae Group, Industrial Biotechnology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Lipid Constituents of Diatoms (Halamphora) as Components for Production of Lipid Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061171. [PMID: 35745742 PMCID: PMC9227233 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanocarriers smaller than 200 nm may be used as pharmaceutical/cosmetic raw materials as they are able to penetrate the skin. The nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) based on microalgae oil (Schizochytrium) and lipids extracted from diatoms (Halamphora cf. salinicola (strain SZCZM1454A)) were produced by the HSH (high shear homogenization) method. Fatty acid profile of crude oil from diatoms indicated the presence of palmitoleic, palmitic, stearic acid, oleic and myristic acids as the most common fatty acids in the strain investigated. The quantitative composition and the synthesis condition of NLC dispersions were optimized by using the full factorial designs. The physicochemical parameters of the obtained lipid nanocarriers were characterized by SEM, DSC and XRD measurements and the fraction with the optimum parameters (size below 200 nm, polydispersity index not exceeding 0.2 and zeta potential higher than +45 mV) was selected for further study. The positive charge of the obtained lipid nanoparticles is beneficial as permits electrostatic bonding with the negatively charged skin surface. As follows from stability tests, the NLCs obtained could be stored at room temperature.
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Saxena A, Mishra B, Sindhu R, Binod P, Tiwari A. Nutrient acclimation in benthic diatoms with adaptive laboratory evolution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:126955. [PMID: 35272038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The growth of marine diatom algaeChaetoceros gracilisandThalassiosira weissflogiiin agricultural fertilizers and additional carbon sources were evaluated. The main objective behind the study was to increase the growth and productivity of the diatom acclimatized under adaptive laboratory culture conditions. In optimized conditions,C.gracilisshowed the highest cell density in NPK (202.5 ± 2.6 × 105 cells mL-1), maximum carbohydrate (212.8 ± 4.0 mg g-1) and protein (133.9 ± 1.5 mg g-1) in urea. In contrast,T.weissflogiishowed the highest cell density in glycerol (148.2 ± 2.5x105 cells mL-1), maximum carbohydrate in glycerol (273.7 ± 3.3 mg g-1), and protein in sucrose (126.2 ± 0.7 mg g-1). Lipid content was maximum in glycerol (73.4 ± 0.6%) and glucose (39.7 ± 0.2%) in C. gracilisand T. weissflogii respectively. Increased pigment production and chrysolaminarin concentration were obtained in both marine species. The study highlights the importance of adaptive laboratory evolution as an promising tool in enhancing productivity in diatom algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Saxena
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Bharti Mishra
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam - 691 505, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India.
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Saxena A, Mishra B, Tiwari A. Mass cultivation of marine diatoms using local salts and its impact on growth and productivity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127128. [PMID: 35398539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are of great interest for many biotechnological applications. The present study highlights the comparative analysis for mass cultivation under the effect of seawater made from table salt (TS), rock salt (RS), and synthetic seawater in the presence of normal silica and induction coupled plasma (ICP) nanosilica (Nano Si) for inducing diatom growth. Out of all the test formulations, RS-f/2 Nano Si showed the best results with maximum cell density (3.16x107±0.04 and 3.24x107±0.05 cells mL-1), carbohydrate (403.0±3.4 and 398.0±8.1 mg g-1), and chrysolaminarin yield (66.2±5.5 and 49.3±5.1 mg g-1) in both Chaetoceros gracilis and Thalassiosira weissflogii respectively. The presence of a rich pigment profile and lipids further highlights the importance of TS and RS for cost-effective mass culturing. Results reveal that mass cultivation of marine diatoms with TS and RS in the presence of nanosilica not only reduces costs but also enhances metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Saxena
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Bharti Mishra
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India.
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Castro-Ferreira C, Gomes-Dias JS, Ferreira-Santos P, Pereira RN, Vicente AA, Rocha CM. Phaeodactylum tricornutum extracts as structuring agents for food applications: Physicochemical and functional properties. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Scarsini M, Thiriet-Rupert S, Veidl B, Mondeguer F, Hu H, Marchand J, Schoefs B. The Transition Toward Nitrogen Deprivation in Diatoms Requires Chloroplast Stand-By and Deep Metabolic Reshuffling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:760516. [PMID: 35126407 PMCID: PMC8811913 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.760516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have adapted to face abiotic stresses by accumulating energy storage molecules such as lipids, which are also of interest to industries. Unfortunately, the impairment in cell division during the accumulation of these molecules constitutes a major bottleneck for the development of efficient microalgae-based biotechnology processes. To address the bottleneck, a multidisciplinary approach was used to study the mechanisms involved in the transition from nitrogen repletion to nitrogen starvation conditions in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum that was cultured in a turbidostat. Combining data demonstrate that the different steps of nitrogen deficiency clustered together in a single state in which cells are in equilibrium with their environment. The switch between the nitrogen-replete and the nitrogen-deficient equilibrium is driven by intracellular nitrogen availability. The switch induces a major gene expression change, which is reflected in the reorientation of the carbon metabolism toward an energy storage mode while still operating as a metabolic flywheel. Although the photosynthetic activity is reduced, the chloroplast is kept in a stand-by mode allowing a fast resuming upon nitrogen repletion. Altogether, these results contribute to the understanding of the intricate response of diatoms under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Scarsini
- Metabolism, Bio-Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML—FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Stanislas Thiriet-Rupert
- Metabolism, Bio-Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML—FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
- Institut Pasteur, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Veidl
- Metabolism, Bio-Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML—FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Florence Mondeguer
- Phycotoxins Laboratory, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Nantes, France
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Bio-Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML—FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Metabolism, Bio-Engineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molécules Santé, IUML—FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
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15
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Chen J, Yang J, Du H, Aslam M, Wang W, Chen W, Li T, Liu Z, Liu X. Laminarin, a Major Polysaccharide in Stramenopiles. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:576. [PMID: 34677475 PMCID: PMC8541152 DOI: 10.3390/md19100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During the processes of primary and secondary endosymbiosis, different microalgae evolved to synthesis different storage polysaccharides. In stramenopiles, the main storage polysaccharides are β-1,3-glucan, or laminarin, in vacuoles. Currently, laminarin is gaining considerable attention due to its application in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceuticals industries, and also its importance in global biogeochemical cycles (especially in the ocean carbon cycle). In this review, the structures, composition, contents, and bioactivity of laminarin were summarized in different algae. It was shown that the general features of laminarin are species-dependence. Furthermore, the proposed biosynthesis and catabolism pathways of laminarin, functions of key genes, and diel regulation of laminarin were also depicted and comprehensively discussed for the first time. However, the complete pathways, functions of genes, and diel regulatory mechanisms of laminarin require more biomolecular studies. This review provides more useful information and identifies the knowledge gap regarding the future studies of laminarin and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.C.); (H.D.); (M.A.); (W.W.); (W.C.); (T.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jianchao Yang
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China;
| | - Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.C.); (H.D.); (M.A.); (W.W.); (W.C.); (T.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Muhmmad Aslam
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.C.); (H.D.); (M.A.); (W.W.); (W.C.); (T.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Wanna Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.C.); (H.D.); (M.A.); (W.W.); (W.C.); (T.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Weizhou Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.C.); (H.D.); (M.A.); (W.W.); (W.C.); (T.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Tangcheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.C.); (H.D.); (M.A.); (W.W.); (W.C.); (T.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.C.); (H.D.); (M.A.); (W.W.); (W.C.); (T.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Ma M, Li Y, Chen J, Wang F, Yuan L, Li Y, Zhang B, Ye D, Han D, Jin H, Hu Q. High-cell-density cultivation of the flagellate alga Poterioochromonas malhamensis for biomanufacturing the water-soluble β-1,3-glucan with multiple biological activities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125447. [PMID: 34186327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The microalga Poterioochromonas malhamensis was found to be capable of accumulating the storage β-1,3-glucan in soluble form under heterotrophic conditions. In this study, the highest biomass yield of 32.8 g L-1 was achieved by combining the utilization of ammonium chloride as the nitrogen source, simultaneous addition of vitamins B1 and B12 and maintenance of pH at 6.0. Sugar profiling and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated that the P. malhamensis β-1,3-glucan was composed of glucose with the β-(1 → 3) main chain and the β-(1 → 6) side chain. Under the optimal cultivation conditions, the cellular β-1,3-glucan content was up to 55% of the cell dry weight. Moreover, the P. malhamensis β-1,3-glucan could significantly promote the fin regeneration and improve the in vivo antioxidative activity of zebrafish. This study underpins the feasibility of culturing P. malhamensis under heterotrophic conditions for producing the highly water-soluble bioactive β-1,3-glucans for food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Ma
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Fuchen Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Li Yuan
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China
| | - Ding Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China
| | - Hu Jin
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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17
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CRISPR/Cas9 disruption of glucan synthase in Nannochloropsis gaditana attenuates accumulation of β-1,3-glucose oligomers. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Bilcke G, Osuna-Cruz CM, Santana Silva M, Poulsen N, D'hondt S, Bulankova P, Vyverman W, De Veylder L, Vandepoele K. Diurnal transcript profiling of the diatom Seminavis robusta reveals adaptations to a benthic lifestyle. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:315-336. [PMID: 33901335 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coastal regions contribute an estimated 20% of annual gross primary production in the oceans, despite occupying only 0.03% of their surface area. Diatoms frequently dominate coastal sediments, where they experience large variations in light regime resulting from the interplay of diurnal and tidal cycles. Here, we report on an extensive diurnal transcript profiling experiment of the motile benthic diatom Seminavis robusta. Nearly 90% (23 328) of expressed protein-coding genes and 66.9% (1124) of expressed long intergenic non-coding RNAs showed significant expression oscillations and are predominantly phasing at night with a periodicity of 24 h. Phylostratigraphic analysis found that rhythmic genes are enriched in highly conserved genes, while diatom-specific genes are predominantly associated with midnight expression. Integration of genetic and physiological cell cycle markers with silica depletion data revealed potential new silica cell wall-associated gene families specific to diatoms. Additionally, we observed 1752 genes with a remarkable semidiurnal (12-h) periodicity, while the expansion of putative circadian transcription factors may reflect adaptations to cope with highly unpredictable external conditions. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the adaptations of diatoms to the benthic environment and serve as a valuable resource for the study of diurnal regulation in photosynthetic eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gust Bilcke
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Cristina Maria Osuna-Cruz
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Marta Santana Silva
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Nicole Poulsen
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technical University of Dresden, Tatzberg 41, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Sofie D'hondt
- Department of Biology, Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Petra Bulankova
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Wim Vyverman
- Department of Biology, Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Klaas Vandepoele
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
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19
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Shetye SS, Bandekar M, Nandakumar K, Kurian S, Gauns M, Jawak S, Pratihary A, Elangovan SS, Naik BR, Lakshmi S, Aswathi VK. Sea foam-associated pathogenic bacteria along the west coast of India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:27. [PMID: 33389180 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities release effluents containing nutrients and pathogenic bacteria that change the characteristics of coastal ecosystems. An important type of marine pollution which has occurred in 3 different states in India during 2019 is sea foam. Sea foam was found on Hole beach, Goa (Lat: 15.404° N, Long: 73.787° E), where nutrients (NO3- = 137 μM and organic nitrogen = 121 μM) from a garbage dumpyard are released directly via streams/gutters to coastal waters. This resulted in a bloom of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, associated with high concentration of total organic carbon and fucoxanthin. Decay of this bloom along with strong agitation due to rocks and wave action resulted in sea foam. We isolated foam-associated bacteria and identified pathogenic bacteria including Enterobacter cancerogenus through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Such foam-associated pathogenic bacteria, could be antibiotic resistant, and may have adverse effects on human health. This can also hamper the tourism industry of a small state like Goa that relies heavily on tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas S Shetye
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India.
| | - Mandar Bandekar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
| | | | - Siby Kurian
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Mangesh Gauns
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Shridhar Jawak
- Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System (SIOS), SIOS Knowledge Centre, Svalbard Science Centre, P.O. Box 156, N-9171, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
| | - Anil Pratihary
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - S Sai Elangovan
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Bhagyashri R Naik
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Sethu Lakshmi
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - V K Aswathi
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Donapaula, Goa, 403004, India
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20
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Molecular Basis for Substrate Recognition and Catalysis by a Marine Bacterial Laminarinase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01796-20. [PMID: 32917756 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01796-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminarin is an abundant algal polysaccharide that serves as carbon storage and fuel to meet the nutrition demands of heterotrophic microbes. Laminarin depolymerization catalyzed by microbial extracellular enzymes initiates remineralization, a key process in ocean biogeochemical cycles. Here, we described a glycoside hydrolase 16 (GH16) family laminarinase from a marine alga-associated Flavobacterium at the biochemical and structural levels. We found that the endolytic enzyme cleaved laminarin with a preference for β-1,3-glycoside linkages and showed transglycosylation activity across a broad range of acceptors. We also solved and compared high-resolution crystal structures of laminarinase in the apo form and in complex with β-1,3-tetrasaccharides, revealing an expanded catalytic cleft formed following substrate binding. Moreover, structure and mutagenesis studies identified multiple specific contacts between the enzyme and glucosyl residues essential for the substrate specificity for β-1,3-glucan. These results provide novel insights into the structural requirements for substrate binding and catalysis of GH16 family laminarinase, enriching our understanding of bacterial utilization of algal laminarin.IMPORTANCE Heterotrophic bacterial communities are key players in marine biogeochemical cycling due to their ability to remineralize organic carbon. Processing of complex organic matter requires heterotrophic bacteria to produce extracellular enzymes with precise specificity to depolymerize substrates to sizes sufficiently small for uptake. Thus, extracellular enzymatic hydrolysis initiates microbe-driven heterotrophic carbon cycling. In this study, based on biochemical and structural analyses, we revealed the depolymerization mechanism of β-1,3-glucan, a carbon reserve in algae, by laminarinase from an alga-associated marine Flavobacterium The findings provide new insights into the substrate recognition and catalysis of bacterial laminarinase and promote a better understanding of how extracellular enzymes are involved in organic matter cycling.
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21
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Jallet D, Xing D, Hughes A, Moosburner M, Simmons MP, Allen AE, Peers G. Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation is required for storage-lipid catabolism in a marine diatom. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:946-958. [PMID: 32535932 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photoautotrophic growth in nature requires the accumulation of energy-containing molecules via photosynthesis during daylight to fuel nighttime catabolism. Many diatoms store photosynthate as the neutral lipid triacylglycerol (TAG). While the pathways of diatom fatty acid and TAG synthesis appear to be well conserved with plants, the pathways of TAG catabolism and downstream fatty acid β-oxidation have not been characterised in diatoms. We identified a putative mitochondria-targeted, bacterial-type acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (PtMACAD1) that is present in Stramenopile and Hacrobian eukaryotes, but not found in plants, animals or fungi. Gene knockout, protein-YFP tags and physiological assays were used to determine PtMACAD1's role in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. PtMACAD1 is located in the mitochondria. Absence of PtMACAD1 led to no consumption of TAG at night and slower growth in light : dark cycles compared with wild-type. Accumulation of transcripts encoding peroxisomal-based β-oxidation did not change in response to day : night cycles or to PtMACAD1 knockout. Mutants also hyperaccumulated TAG after the amelioration of N limitation. We conclude that diatoms utilise mitochondrial β-oxidation; this is in stark contrast to the peroxisomal-based pathways observed in plants and green algae. We infer that this pattern is caused by retention of catabolic pathways from the host during plastid secondary endosymbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Jallet
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Denghui Xing
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Alexander Hughes
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Mark Moosburner
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mark P Simmons
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Andrew E Allen
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Graham Peers
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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22
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The Influence of Dissolved Organic Carbon on the Microbial Community Associated with Tetraselmis striata for Bio-Diesel Production. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The green alga Tetraselmis striata is regarded as a suitable candidate microalga for bio-diesel production. Recently, T. striata was cultured near Yeonghueung Island, Korea, in a “marine culturing field”; however, its environmental impacts are not yet studied. We estimated the amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released from T. striata cultivation in the marine culturing field, and we investigated the changes in bacterial composition. Then, we designed and installed a mesocosm for further understanding. From the mesocosm results, the DOC released from the cultivation of T. striata led to changes in bacterial communities, disturbance of the microbial food web structure, rapid depletion of nutrients, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH. Our novel work demonstrates that large amounts of DOC secreted by large-scale microalgal cultures such as that of T. striata can potentially have a significant impact on the structure and function of the surrounding microbial ecosystem.
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23
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Jensen EL, Yangüez K, Carrière F, Gontero B. Storage Compound Accumulation in Diatoms as Response to Elevated CO 2 Concentration. BIOLOGY 2019; 9:E5. [PMID: 31878202 PMCID: PMC7169399 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of reserve compounds (i.e., lipids and chrysolaminarin) in diatoms depends on the environmental conditions, and is often triggered by stress conditions, such as nutrient limitation. Manipulation of CO2 supply can also be used to improve both lipids and carbohydrates accumulation. Given the high diversity among diatoms, we studied the two marine model diatoms-Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a freshwater diatom, Asterionella formosa, and Navicula pelliculosa-found in fresh- and sea-water environments. We measured the accumulation of reserve compounds and the activity of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism in these diatoms grown at high and atmospheric CO2. We observed that biomass and lipid accumulation in cells grown at high CO2 differ among the diatoms. Lipid accumulation increased only in P. tricornutum and N. pelliculosa grown in seawater in response to elevated CO2. Moreover, accumulation of lipids was also accompanied by an increased activity of the enzymes tested. However, lipid accumulation and enzyme activity decreased in N. pelliculosa cultured in fresh water. Chrysolaminarin accumulation was also affected by CO2 concentration; however, there was no clear relation with lipids accumulation. Our results are relevant to understand better the ecological role of the environment in the diatom adaptation to CO2 and the mechanisms underpinning the production of storage compounds considering diatom diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brigitte Gontero
- CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, IMM, FR3479, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, Aix Marseille Univ., 13 402 Marseille CEDEX 20, France; (E.L.J.); (K.Y.); (F.C.)
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24
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Carballo C, Pinto PIS, Mateus AP, Berbel C, Guerreiro CC, Martinez-Blanch JF, Codoñer FM, Mantecon L, Power DM, Manchado M. Yeast β-glucans and microalgal extracts modulate the immune response and gut microbiome in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:31-39. [PMID: 31128296 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One bottleneck to sustainability of fish aquaculture is the control of infectious diseases. Current trends include the preventive application of immunostimulants and prebiotics such as polysaccharides. The present study investigated how yeast β-glucan (Y), microalgal polysaccharide-enriched extracts (MAe) and whole Phaeodactylum tricornutum cells (MA) modulated the gut microbiome and stimulated the immune system in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) when administered by oral intubation. Blood, intestine and spleen samples were taken at 3 h, 24 h, 48 h and 7 days after treatment. The short-term response (within 48 h after treatment) consisted of up-regulation of il1b and irf7 expression in the gut of the Y treated group. In contrast, administration of MAe decreased expression of tnfa and the chemokine cxc10 in the gut and spleen. Both treatments down-regulated the expression of irf3 with respect to the control group. Lysozyme activity in plasma decreased at 48 h only in the MAe-treated soles. Medium-term response consisted of the up-regulation of clec and irf7 expression in the gut of the Y, MAe and MA groups and of il1b mRNAs in the spleen of the MA group compared to the control group. Microbiome analysis using 16S rDNA gene sequencing indicated that the intestine microbiome was dominated by bacteria of the Vibrio genus (>95%). All the treatments decreased the relative proportion of Vibrio in the microbiome and Y and MAe decreased and MA increased diversity. Quantitative PCR confirmed the load of bacteria of the Vibrio genus was significantly decreased and this was most pronounced in Y treated fish. These data indicate that orally administrated insoluble yeast β-glucans acted locally in the gut modulating the immune response and controlling the Vibrio abundance. In contrast, the MAe slightly reduced the Vibrio load in the intestine and caused a transient systemic anti-inflammatory response. The results indicate that these polysaccharides are a promising source of prebiotics for the sole aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Carballo
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain; Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Microbiologia, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Patricia I S Pinto
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Patricia Mateus
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Concha Berbel
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cláudia C Guerreiro
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Juan F Martinez-Blanch
- LifeSequencing, Parc Cientific Universidad De Valencia, Edif. 2, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Francisco M Codoñer
- LifeSequencing, Parc Cientific Universidad De Valencia, Edif. 2, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Lalia Mantecon
- Fitoplancton Marino, Dársena Comercial S/N (Muelle Pesquero), 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Deborah M Power
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Manuel Manchado
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain.
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25
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Maréchal E, Lupette J. Relationship between acyl-lipid and sterol metabolisms in diatoms. Biochimie 2019; 169:3-11. [PMID: 31291593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms are a phylum of unicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes living in oceans and fresh waters, characterized by the complexity of their plastid, resulting from a secondary endosymbiosis event. In the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, fatty acids (FAs) are synthesized from acetyl-CoA in the stroma of the plastid, producing palmitic acid. FAs are elongated and desaturated to form very-long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) in domains of the endomembrane system that need to be identified. Synthesis of VLC-PUFAs is coupled with their import to the core of the plastid via the so-called "omega" pathway. The biosynthesis of sterols in diatoms is likely to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum as well as using precursors deriving from the mevalonate pathway, using acetyl-CoA as initial substrate. These metabolic modules can be characterized functionally by genetic analyzes or chemical treatments with appropriate inhibitors. Some 'metabolic modules' are characterized by a very low level of metabolic intermediates. Since some chemical treatments or genetic perturbation of lipid metabolism induce the accumulation of these intermediates, channeling processes are possibly involved, suggesting that protein-protein interactions might occur between enzymes within large size complexes or metabolons. At the junction of these modules, metabolic intermediates might therefore play dramatic roles in directing carbon fluxes from one direction to another. Here, acetyl-CoA seems determinant in the balance between TAGs and sterols. Future lines of research and potential utilization for biotechnological applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS, CEA, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Josselin Lupette
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Kuhaudomlarp S, Pergolizzi G, Patron NJ, Henrissat B, Field RA. Unraveling the subtleties of β-(1→3)-glucan phosphorylase specificity in the GH94, GH149, and GH161 glycoside hydrolase families. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6483-6493. [PMID: 30819804 PMCID: PMC6484121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoside phosphorylases (GPs) catalyze the phosphorolysis of glycans into the corresponding sugar 1-phosphates and shortened glycan chains. Given the diversity of natural β-(1→3)-glucans and their wide range of biotechnological applications, the identification of enzymatic tools that can act on β-(1→3)-glucooligosaccharides is an attractive area of research. GP activities acting on β-(1→3)-glucooligosaccharides have been described in bacteria, the photosynthetic excavate Euglena gracilis, and the heterokont Ochromonas spp. Previously, we characterized β-(1→3)-glucan GPs from bacteria and E. gracilis, leading to their classification in glycoside hydrolase family GH149. Here, we characterized GPs from Gram-positive bacteria and heterokont algae acting on β-(1→3)-glucooligosaccharides. We identified a phosphorylase sequence from Ochromonas spp. (OcP1) together with its orthologs from other species, leading us to propose the establishment of a new GH family, designated GH161. To establish the activity of GH161 members, we recombinantly expressed a bacterial GH161 gene sequence (PapP) from the Gram-positive bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842 in Escherichia coli. We found that PapP acts on β-(1→3)-glucooligosaccharide acceptors with a degree of polymerization (DP) ≥ 2. This activity was distinct from that of characterized GH149 β-(1→3)-glucan phosphorylases, which operate on acceptors with DP ≥ 1. We also found that bacterial GH161 genes co-localize with genes encoding β-glucosidases and ATP-binding cassette transporters, highlighting a probable involvement of GH161 enzymes in carbohydrate degradation. Importantly, in some species, GH161 and GH94 genes were present in tandem, providing evidence that GPs from different CAZy families may work sequentially to degrade oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakonwan Kuhaudomlarp
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Pergolizzi
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Patron
- the Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille University, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France.,CNRS, UMR 7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France, and.,the Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert A Field
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom,
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Vogler BW, Brannum J, Chung JW, Seger M, Posewitz MC. Characterization of the Nannochloropsis gaditana storage carbohydrate: A 1,3-beta glucan with limited 1,6-branching. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Remmers IM, D'Adamo S, Martens DE, de Vos RC, Mumm R, America AH, Cordewener JH, Bakker LV, Peters SA, Wijffels RH, Lamers PP. Orchestration of transcriptome, proteome and metabolome in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum during nitrogen limitation. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Carballo C, Chronopoulou EG, Letsiou S, Maya C, Labrou NE, Infante C, Power DM, Manchado M. Antioxidant capacity and immunomodulatory effects of a chrysolaminarin-enriched extract in Senegalese sole. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:1-8. [PMID: 30064015 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The microalgae are an important source of bioactive molecules including β-glucans that can be used as immunostimulants in aquaculture. In the present study, the antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory activity of a chrysolaminarin-enriched extract obtained from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was evaluated. The extract showed a higher total antioxidant activity as determined by ORAC and FRAP assays and a lower DPPH scavenging activity than particulate yeast-β-glucan. The cytotoxicity test indicated that extract concentrations higher than 0.01% w/v could impair cell viability of human dermal fibroblasts. To evaluate the immunomodulatory activity, juvenile soles were intraperitoneally injected with the chrysolaminarin-enriched extract suspended in coconut oil (1 mg/fish) followed by a reinjection at 7 days. A sham group injected with the carrier solution was maintained as a negative control. Cumulated mortality of fish injected with the chrysolaminarin-enriched extract was 29.4% after six days and no mortality was recorded after extract reinjection. Expression analyses of fifteen genes related to the innate immune system in kidney, spleen and intestine showed temporal and organ-specific responses. A rapid (2 days post-injection; dpi) and strong induction of the pro-inflammatory il1b and the antimicrobial peptide hamp1 in the three immunological organs, the hsp90aa in kidney and spleen, irf3 in intestine and c3 in spleen was observed indicating a potent inflammatory response. The recovery of steady-state levels for all activated genes at 5 dpi, and the down-regulation of c-lectin receptor as well as some interferon-related genes (ifn1, irf1, irf3, irf8, irf9 and mx) in kidney and cxc10 in spleen indicated that the soles were able to activate a homeostatic response against the β-glucan insult. The reinjection of the chrysolaminarin-enriched extract did not activate a new inflammatory response but reduced the mRNA levels of hsp90aa and irf3 indicating that soles developed some resistance to β-glucans. Overall, these results reveal this enriched extract as a novel and potent source of β-glucans with antioxidant and immunomodulatory capacity suitable for immunostimulation in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Carballo
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Spain
| | - Evangelia G Chronopoulou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Letsiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Scientific Affairs Department, APIVITA S.A., Athens, Greece
| | - Claudia Maya
- Fitoplanton Marino S.L., 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Spain
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Carlos Infante
- Fitoplanton Marino S.L., 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Spain
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Molecular Endocrinology Group, Marine Science Center (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Manuel Manchado
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Junta de Andalucía, Camino Tiro Pichón s/n, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Spain.
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Yang YF, Li DW, Chen TT, Hao TB, Balamurugan S, Yang WD, Liu JS, Li HY. Overproduction of Bioactive Algal Chrysolaminarin by the Critical Carbon Flux Regulator Phosphoglucomutase. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800220. [PMID: 30076758 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chrysolaminarin, the primary polysaccharide reservoir in some marine algae, has attracted much attention due to its broad health properties. However, its biosynthetic pathway and regulation mechanisms have rarely been reported which hinders the improvement of production efficiency. Therefore, this study aims to identify key metabolic nodes in the chrysolaminarin biosynthetic pathway. A phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the model microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum, revealing its critical role in chrysolaminarin biosynthesis is identified. PGM overexpression significantly elevates chrysolaminarin content by 2.54-fold and reaches 25.6% of cell dry weight; while algal growth and photosynthesis are not impaired. Besides, PGM overexpression up- and down-regulates the expression of chrysolaminarin and lipid biosynthetic genes, respectively. Microscopic analysis of aniline blue stained cells reveals that overproduced chrysolaminarin localized predominantly in vacuoles. Lipidomic analyses reveal that PGM overexpression significantly reduces the lipid content. The findings reveal the critical role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis in microalgae, and provide a promising candidate for high efficiency production of chrysolaminarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Bin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Srinivasan Balamurugan
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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31
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Hughes AR, Sulesky A, Andersson B, Peers G. Sulfate amendment improves the growth and bioremediation capacity of a cyanobacteria cultured on municipal wastewater centrate. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Sayanova O, Mimouni V, Ulmann L, Morant-Manceau A, Pasquet V, Schoefs B, Napier JA. Modulation of lipid biosynthesis by stress in diatoms. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160407. [PMID: 28717017 PMCID: PMC5516116 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are responsible for up to 40% of the carbon fixation in our oceans. The fixed carbon is moved through carbon metabolism towards the synthesis of organic molecules that are consumed through interlocking foodwebs, and this process is strongly impacted by the abiotic environment. However, it has become evident that diatoms can be used as 'platform' organisms for the production of high valuable bio-products such as lipids, pigments and carbohydrates where stress conditions can be used to direct carbon metabolism towards the commercial production of these compounds. In the first section of this review, some aspects of carbon metabolism in diatoms and how it is impacted by environmental factors are briefly described. The second section is focused on the biosynthesis of lipids and in particular omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and how low temperature stress impacts on the production of these compounds. In a third section, we review the recent advances in bioengineering for lipid production. Finally, we discuss new perspectives for designing strains for the sustainable production of high-value lipids.This article is part of the themed issue 'The peculiar carbon metabolism in diatoms'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sayanova
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Virginie Mimouni
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications, Mer Molécules Santé, UBL, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans-Laval, France
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications, Mer Molécules Santé, UBL, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans-Laval, France
| | - Annick Morant-Manceau
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications, Mer Molécules Santé, UBL, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans-Laval, France
| | - Virginie Pasquet
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications, Mer Molécules Santé, UBL, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans-Laval, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Molecules and Applications, Mer Molécules Santé, UBL, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, University of Le Mans, Le Mans-Laval, France
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
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