1
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Taing M, Le K, Britton M, Chen TA, Parent MC, Tamí-Maury I, Leal IM, Rogova A, Kyburz B, Williams T, Patel M, Reitzel LR. Smoking Intervention Practices in Texas Healthcare Centers with Sexual and Gender Minority Patients. HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND POLICY REVIEW 2022; 9:1074-1088. [PMID: 36778530 PMCID: PMC9910434 DOI: 10.14485/hbpr.9.6.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the use of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for smoking cessation in centers providing behavioral healthcare for patient populations that included some proportion of sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). Methods Healthcare providers from 75 healthcare centers across Texas serving SGMs with behavioral health needs participated in a survey assessing their center's tobacco control policies and practices. Results Nearly half (N = 36) of participating centers had a comprehensive tobacco-free workplace policy, 30.67% employed ≥1 tobacco treatment specialist, 73.91% employed ≥1 prescriber, 80.82% mandated screening for patient tobacco use at intake, and 57.53% provided a template for tobacco use assessments. Overall, 70.67% of providers asked patients about smoking status, 69.33% advised patients to quit, 64.00% assessed patients' interest in quitting, 58.67% assisted patients with quit attempts, and 36.00% arranged follow-up. Providers' ability to tailor interventions for special populations like SGMs ranged from very low/0 to very high/10 (M = 4.63 ± 2.59). Conclusions There are opportunities to improve policy implementation, standardization and usage of evidence-based interventions, and intervention tailoring within settings providing care to SGM patients in Texas to better address their tobacco use inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Taing
- Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Kathy Le
- Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Maggie Britton
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tzuan A Chen
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Michael C Parent
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Irene Tamí-Maury
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Isabel Martinez Leal
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anastasia Rogova
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Mayuri Patel
- Department of State Health Services, Tobacco Prevention and Control Branch, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Lorraine R Reitzel
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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2
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Struble CA, Bauer SJ, Lundahl LH, Ghosh S, Ledgerwood DM. Electronic cigarette use among sexual minority and heterosexual young adults in a U.S. national sample: Exploring the modifying effects of advertisement exposure. Prev Med 2022; 155:106926. [PMID: 34929222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minorities demonstrate disparities in traditional cigarette use and nicotine-related health consequences. Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Sexual minorities have been found to use e-cigarettes at higher rates than heterosexuals, but little is known about reasons for this disparity. The present study examined characteristics of current and lifetime e-cigarette use between sexual minority and heterosexual young adults (18-34; N = 14,174) using a U.S. national sample from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Survey-Wave 3. Sexual minority young adults were hypothesized to have higher rates of current and lifetime e-cigarette use and higher rates of exposure to e-cigarette advertisements. These exposures were hypothesized to moderate the relationship between sexual minority status and current e-cigarette use. Results revealed that sexual minority respondents demonstrated greater risk of current e-cigarette use after adjusting for several covariates (e.g., sex, age, lifetime cigarette use). However, advertisement exposures did not moderate the relationship between sexual minority status and current e-cigarette use. In contrast, sexual minority status was not associated with lifetime e-cigarette use after controlling for covariates. Post-hoc tests revealed that sexual minority status was associated with heightened risk of current and lifetime e-cigarette use only among females. This is the first study to examine the impact of e-cigarette advertising across expanded settings, including point of sale locations (e.g., retail, bars, festivals), while exploring differences in current and lifetime e-cigarette use among sexual minority and heterosexual males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A Struble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Suite 2A, 3901 Chrysler Drive, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, 46 Centerra Parkway, EverGreen Center, Suite 315, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA.
| | - Samantha J Bauer
- Clinical Research Service Center at Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Leslie H Lundahl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Suite 2A, 3901 Chrysler Drive, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Samiran Ghosh
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 3939 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Center of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Elliman Building, 421 E. Canfield Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - David M Ledgerwood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Suite 2A, 3901 Chrysler Drive, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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3
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Lee DN, Stevens EM, Keller-Hamilton B, Wedel AV, Wagener TL, Patterson JG. Minoritized Sexual Identity and Perceived Effectiveness of Instagram Public Health Messaging about E-cigarettes. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 27:115-124. [PMID: 35382702 PMCID: PMC9133203 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2059724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
E-cigarette (EC) use in young adult sexual-minoritized women (SMW) is disproportionately higher than among heterosexual women and sexual-minoritized men. Public health messaging utilizing social branding, a method used to tailor health messages to one's identity, may help combat this problem. We conducted an online study with SMW (N= 457) and asked them to complete scales assessing their sexual minoritized identity affirmation and centrality. Participants were randomized to view socially branded messages discouraging EC use across three themes (general wellness, pride, health harms). Results revealed that overall lesbian, bisexual, or queer (LBQ) identity (affirmation and centrality) was significantly positively associated with perceived message effectiveness (PME) (p < .001). Identity affirmation was significantly associated with PME when controlling for identity centrality (p = .004). Interaction between identity affirmation and theme was significant (p= .02), as positive effects of identity affirmation on PME were greater when participants viewed pride-themed messages versus wellness (p= .03) or harms messages (p = .01). The findings suggest that socially branded EC prevention messages emphasizing sexual minoritized identity may be more effective for SMW with a strong connection to their LBQ identity. Future research should examine how identity and socially branded messages can impact health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee N Lee
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elise M Stevens
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brittney Keller-Hamilton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amelia V Wedel
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Theodore L Wagener
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joanne G Patterson
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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4
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Valera P, Owens M, Malarkey S, Acuna N. Exploring Tobacco and E-Cigarette Use among Queer Adults during the Early Days of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12919. [PMID: 34948530 PMCID: PMC8700781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this narrative study is to describe the vaping and smoking characteristics of Queer people ages 18-34 before March of 2020 and to better understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted those behaviors since March of 2020. In total, 31 participants were screened. Thirteen participants were screened prior to the emergence of COVID-19, and 18 were screened when study protocols transitioned to a remote setting (pre and during). Of the 27 eligible participants, a total of 25 participants completed the study. Most participants (n = 13) self-identified as male, followed by five identified as female, four self-identified as gender non-binary, and three identified as transgender. The most common sexual orientation amongst participants was gay (n = 10), with bisexual being the second-most reported. Approximately 20 Queer participants reported using cigarettes, 14 participants self-reported using electronic devices, and 11 reported using hookah. Twenty participants reported smoking ten or less, and four self-reported using 11-20 cigarettes per day. Approximately, 92% of participants (n = 23) indicate that they are using an e-cigarette and regular cigarettes, and 57% of participants (n = 12) report using one pod or cartridge per day. The three themes that emerged in this study are: (1) Queer people during COVID-19 are experiencing heightened minority stress; (2) Queer people are unfamiliar with smoking cessation; and (3) vaping and smoking are attributed to stress and anxiety. Queer participants are likely to be dual users of cigarette and vaping products. This present study provides increasing evidence that Queer people are experiencing heightened stress and anxiety and using cigarette smoking and vaping to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Valera
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (M.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Madelyn Owens
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (M.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Sarah Malarkey
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (M.O.); (S.M.)
| | - Nicholas Acuna
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA;
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5
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Garcia LC, Vogel EA, Prochaska JJ. Tobacco product use and susceptibility to use among sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents. Prev Med 2021; 145:106384. [PMID: 33359018 PMCID: PMC7956117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sexual identity is associated with tobacco use in adults. We examined tobacco use and susceptibility to use by sexual identity in adolescents. Data were collected in February 2019 via Qualtrics research participant panels. Data analyses were performed in June 2019 and updated in October 2020. Respondents aged 13-17 reported sexual identity (heterosexual vs. sexual minority [lesbian, gay, bisexual, or other]), past-month and lifetime tobacco product use, susceptibility to e-cigarette use, friend(s)' e-cigarette use, tobacco marketing exposure, and demographic characteristics. The sample (n=983) was 72.9% female, 46.5% non-Hispanic white, and 26.1% sexual minority with a mean age of 15.0 years (SD=1.4). Sexual minority adolescents were more likely to have friend(s) who vape (53.0% versus 42.0%; p=0.003). In adjusted models, sexual minority adolescents had greater odds of ever smoking tobacco (odds ratio [OR]=2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-2.98) or using e-cigarettes (OR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.08-2.25) relative to heterosexual adolescents. Past-month tobacco smoking and e-cigarette use did not differ by sexual identity. Among participants who had never used tobacco products, sexual minority adolescents reported greater susceptibility to e-cigarette use (OR=1.62; 95% CI: 1.04-2.52) compared to heterosexual adolescents. Exposure to cigarette and e-cigarette marketing, e-cigarette use by friends, and respondent sex were significant covariates in all models. The current findings indicate greater susceptibility to use e-cigarettes and greater tobacco product initiation, but not continuation, among sexual minority adolescents. Sexual minority-tailored interventions may be warranted to prevent tobacco product initiation. Worth exploring are the associations between sexual identity, tobacco marketing exposure, and friend(s)' e-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin A Vogel
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - Judith J Prochaska
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, USA.
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6
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Vu THT, Groom A, Hart JL, Tran H, Landry RL, Ma JZ, Walker KL, Giachello AL, Kesh A, Payne TJ, Robertson RM. Socioeconomic and Demographic Status and Perceived Health Risks of E-Cigarette Product Contents Among Youth: Results From a National Survey. Health Promot Pract 2020; 21:148S-156S. [PMID: 31908196 DOI: 10.1177/1524839919882700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The prevalence of e-cigarette use among youth is rising and may be associated with perceptions of health risks for these products. We examined how demographic factors and socioeconomic status (SES) are correlated with the perceived health risks of e-cigarette product contents among youth. Method. Data were from a national online survey of youth aged 13 to 18 between August and October 2017, weighted to be representative of the overall U.S. population in age, sex, race/ethnicity, and region. Survey analysis procedures were used. Results. Of 1,549 e-cigarette users and 1,451 never-e-cigarette users, 20.9% were Hispanic, 13.7% Black, 21.7% LGBTQ (lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender/queer), and 49.3% in low-income families. With adjustment for e-cigarette use status, perceived health risks of nicotine and toxins/chemicals in e-cigarettes significantly differed by gender, race, sexual orientation, and SES (ps < .05). For example, adjusted odds of perceiving harm from nicotine were 60% higher in girls versus boys, 34% lower in non-Hispanic Blacks versus non-Hispanic Whites, 33% lower in urban versus suburban residents, 40% higher in LGBTQ versus straight-identifying individuals, and 28% lower in low-income versus high-income families. Lower parental education level also was associated with children's lower health risk perception of e-cigarette product contents. Conclusions. For youth, the perceived health risks of e-cigarette product contents were associated with demographics, sexual orientation, and SES. The findings may have relevance for developing communication and education strategies addressing specific youth audiences, especially those in vulnerable groups. These strategies could improve awareness among youth concerning the health risks of e-cigarettes, helping to prevent or reduce e-cigarette uptake and continued use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Huyen T Vu
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,American Heart Association, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Joy L Hart
- American Heart Association, Dallas, TX, USA.,University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hy Tran
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jennie Z Ma
- American Heart Association, Dallas, TX, USA.,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kandi L Walker
- American Heart Association, Dallas, TX, USA.,University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aida L Giachello
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,American Heart Association, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Payne
- American Heart Association, Dallas, TX, USA.,University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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7
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Blackwell CW, López Castillo H. Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer persons: Implications for public health nursing. Public Health Nurs 2020; 37:569-580. [DOI: 10.1111/phn.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. Blackwell
- Adult‐Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Programs Department of Nursing Practice College of Nursing Academic Health Science Center University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - Humberto López Castillo
- Department of Health Sciences College of Health Professions and Sciences Orlando FL USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences College of Medicine Academic Health Science Center University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
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8
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Santos GM, Tan J, Turner C, Raymond HF. Demographic, Behavioral, and Social Characteristics Associated With Smoking and Vaping Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in San Francisco. Am J Mens Health 2020; 13:1557988319847833. [PMID: 31043125 PMCID: PMC6498776 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319847833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is the leading lifestyle-related cause of death in the United States.
We analyzed correlates of smoking and vaping tobacco in the National HIV
Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in San
Francisco in 2014 (n = 410) using multivariable logistic
regression models. We found that more than two in five MSM (41%) smoked or
vaped. Smoking was greater for men of color (46% vs. 35%; p =
.02); those with annual income below $50,000 (47% vs. 34%; p =
.01); those without a college education (51% vs. 30%; p <
.01); and the uninsured (55% vs. 38%; p = .04). In
multivariable analyses, greater odds of smoking were observed among men living
with HIV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.7; 95% CI [1.00, 2.8]); men who reported
cocaine use (aOR = 3.1; 95% CI [1.9, 5.0]), and men who reported greater number
of alcohol drinks on a drinking day (aOR = 1.2; 95% CI [1.05, 1.29]). Lower odds
of smoking were observed for men who completed college (aOR = 0.57; 95% CI
[0.36, 0.88]). Greater odds of vaping were observed among men who reported meth
use (aOR = 3.01; 95% CI [1.65, 5.50]). Lower odds of vaping were observed among
men who completed college (aOR = 0.55; 95% CI [0.32, 0.98]). In conclusion, the
prevalence of smoking and vaping among MSM is extremely high, particularly
HIV-positive MSM. MSM who smoked and vaped were more likely to be racial and
ethnic minorities, have lower socioeconomic status, and report more substance
and alcohol use. These findings highlight the need to develop strategies
effectively addressing the high rates of cigarette smoking and vaping among MSM,
particularly among minority MSM and MSM living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn-Milo Santos
- 1 Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA.,2 Center for Public Health Research, San Francisco Department of Public Health, CA, USA
| | - Judy Tan
- 3 Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), Division of Prevention Science, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin Turner
- 2 Center for Public Health Research, San Francisco Department of Public Health, CA, USA
| | - H Fisher Raymond
- 4 Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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9
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Ridner SL, Ma JZ, Walker KL, Vu THT, Groom A, Landry RL, Kesh A, Robertson RM, Payne TJ, Giachello AL, Wood LA, Hart JL. Cigarette smoking, ENDS use and dual use among a national sample of lesbians, gays and bisexuals. Tob Prev Cessat 2020; 5:51. [PMID: 32411913 PMCID: PMC7205075 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/114229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Historically, lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) individuals have higher rates of cigarette smoking, often attributed to targeted tobacco advertising, exposure to stressors, and psychological distress. Elevated use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among LGB individuals has been documented recently. However, the LGB groups are not homogeneous and differences may exist between the use of tobacco by men and women within the LGB groups. The purpose of this research was to examine cigarette smoking, ENDS use and dual use (cigarettes plus ENDS) among LGB subgroups. METHODS We classified 2087 participants completing a national online survey based on tobacco-use status (i.e. cigarette only, ENDS only, dual use) and sexual orientation. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to assess group differences. RESULTS After adjusting for demographics and socioeconomic status, bisexual women were 1.85 times (95% CI: 1.19–2.87) more likely to report current dual use, in contrast to cigarette only use, compared to heterosexual women. No significant differences were found between lesbian and heterosexual women, or between gay or bisexual men and their heterosexual counterparts. CONCLUSIONS This study describes significantly greater dual use by bisexual women and is one of the first reports of elevated dual use in this group compared to heterosexual women. These findings suggest that targeted health messages may be needed to raise awareness of risk in specific LGB groups and that future research with these populations is necessary to better understand differences in tobacco perceptions and use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennie Z Ma
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States.,American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center (A-TRAC), Dallas, United States
| | - Kandi L Walker
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center (A-TRAC), Dallas, United States.,University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Thanh-Huyen T Vu
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center (A-TRAC), Dallas, United States.,Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Allison Groom
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center (A-TRAC), Dallas, United States
| | - Robyn L Landry
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center (A-TRAC), Dallas, United States
| | - Anshula Kesh
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center (A-TRAC), Dallas, United States
| | - Rose Marie Robertson
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center (A-TRAC), Dallas, United States
| | - Thomas J Payne
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center (A-TRAC), Dallas, United States.,University of Mississippi, Jackson, United States
| | - Aida L Giachello
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center (A-TRAC), Dallas, United States.,Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | | | - Joy L Hart
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center (A-TRAC), Dallas, United States.,University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
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10
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Emory K, Buchting FO, Trinidad DR, Vera L, Emery SL. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) View it Differently Than Non-LGBT: Exposure to Tobacco-related Couponing, E-cigarette Advertisements, and Anti-tobacco Messages on Social and Traditional Media. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:513-522. [PMID: 29546337 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LGBT populations use tobacco at disparately higher rates nationwide, compared to national averages. The tobacco industry has a history targeting LGBT with marketing efforts, likely contributing to this disparity. This study explores whether exposure to tobacco content on traditional and social media is associated with tobacco use among LGBT and non-LGBT. METHODS This study reports results from LGBT (N = 1092) and non-LGBT (N = 16430) respondents to a 2013 nationally representative cross-sectional online survey of US adults (N = 17522). Frequency and weighted prevalence were estimated and adjusted logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS LGBT reported significantly higher rates of past 30-day tobacco media exposure compared to non-LGBT, this effect was strongest among LGBT who were smokers (p < .05). LGBT more frequently reported exposure to, searching for, or sharing messages related to tobacco couponing, e-cigarettes, and anti-tobacco on new or social media (eg, Twitter, Facebook, etc.) than did non-LGBT (p < .05). Non-LGBT reported more exposure from traditional media sources such as television, most notably anti-tobacco messages (p = .0088). LGBT had higher odds of past 30-day use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and cigars compared to non-LGBT, adjusting for past 30-day media exposure and covariates (p ≤ .0001). CONCLUSIONS LGBT (particularly LGBT smokers) are more likely to be exposed to and interact with tobacco-related messages on new and social media than their non-LGBT counterparts. Higher levels of tobacco media exposure were significantly associated with higher likelihood of tobacco use. This suggests tobacco control must work toward reaching LGBT across a variety of media platforms, particularly new and social media outlets. IMPLICATIONS This study provides important information about LGBT communities tobacco-related disparities in increased exposure to pro-tobacco messages via social media, where the tobacco industry has moved since the MSA. Further, LGBT when assessed as a single population appear to identify having decreased exposure to anti-tobacco messages via traditional media, where we know a large portion of tobacco control and prevention messages are placed. The study points to the need for targeted and tailored approaches by tobacco control to market to LGBT using on-line resources and tools in order to help reduce LGBT tobacco-related health disparities. Although there have been localized campaigns, only just recently have such LGBT-tailored national campaigns been developed by the CDC, FDA, and Legacy, assessment of the content, effectiveness, and reach of both local and national campaigns will be important next steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Emory
- Moores Cancer Center at the University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences Dr., La Jolla, CA.,Graduate School of Public Health, Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Dennis R Trinidad
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences Dr, La Jolla, CA
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11
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Lewek P, Woźniak B, Maludzińska P, Smigielski J, Kardas P. E-cigarette use and its predictors: Results from an online cross-sectional survey in Poland. Tob Induc Dis 2019; 17:79. [PMID: 31772557 PMCID: PMC6856825 DOI: 10.18332/tid/113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the invention of electronic cigarettes (ECs) in 2003, their use has spread worldwide; however, little is known about the profiles of EC users. Understanding the motivators for using ECs enables more accurate prediction of their use and more effective direction of pro-health activities. Our objective was to identify the factors that may influence the decision to use ECs and their possible adverse effects according to the experiences of EC users. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was administered between 1 July 2016 and 1 January 2017 among 1288 Polish-speaking users of social networks and EC forums. To explore associations between current EC use and other factors, multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The final analysis included 1142 survey participants: mean age 25.9 years (± 11.1), 85.6% were male, 50.3% had secondary education, 98.2% were Polish citizens, and 81.0% were current EC users. Male gender, lower education, aged ≤40 years, former cigarette smoking, previous attempts to quit smoking, perception of lack of harmful effects of ECs, perception of ECs as being tastier and cheaper than cigarettes, awareness of the advantages of ECs and their use as a smoking cessation aid were all statistically significant factors increasing the risk of EC use. The majority of study participants claimed that ECs are less addictive or not addictive compared to cigarettes (62.6%) and less harmful or not harmful (89.5%) compared to cigarettes. The most common reported side effects of ECs were dryness in the mouth (8.3%), itching in the throat (4.5%) and nausea (1.9%). CONCLUSIONS Males aged ≤40 years with a lower level education were more likely to use ECs in the studied Polish population. The perception that ECs are less harmful than regular cigarettes is a factor increasing the odds of EC use; however, although ECs have few adverse effects, they nevertheless exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Lewek
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | - Janusz Smigielski
- Social and Technical Department, State Higher Vocational School, Konin, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Kardas
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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12
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Lucherini M, Hill S, Smith K. Potential for non-combustible nicotine products to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in smoking: a systematic review and synthesis of best available evidence. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1469. [PMID: 31694602 PMCID: PMC6836524 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While some experts have emphasised the potential for e-cigarettes to facilitate cessation among smokers with low socioeconomic status (SES), there is limited evidence of their likely equity impact. We assessed the potential for electronic cigarettes and other non-combustible nicotine-containing products (NCNPs) to reduce inequalities in smoking by systematically reviewing evidence on their use by SES in countries at stage IV of the cigarette epidemic. METHODS Ten electronic databases were searched in February 2017 using terms relating to e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); and SES. We included studies published since 1980 that were available in English and examined product use by SES indicators such as income and education. Data synthesis was based on those studies judged to be of medium- to high-quality using guidelines adapted from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. RESULTS We identified 54 studies describing NCNP use by SES across 12 countries, of which 27 were judged of sufficient quality to include in data synthesis. We found mixed patterns of e-cigarette current use by SES, with evidence of higher use among low-income adults but unclear or mixed findings by education and occupation. In contrast, smokeless tobacco current use was consistently higher among low SES adults. There was very limited evidence on the SES distribution of NRT in adults and of all NCNPs in young people. CONCLUSIONS The only NCNP for which there are clear patterns of use by SES is smokeless tobacco, where prevalence is higher among low SES groups. While this suggests a potentially positive impact on inequalities in smoking (if NCNP use displaces smoked tobacco use), this has not been seen in practice. These findings do not support the suggestion that e-cigarettes have the potential to reduce social inequalities in smoking, since i) current evidence does not show a clear trend of higher e-cigarette use in population groups with higher tobacco consumption, and ii) the experience of smokeless tobacco suggests that - even where NCNP use is higher among low SES groups - this does not necessarily replace smoked tobacco use in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lucherini
- Global Health Policy Unit, School of Social & Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Newcastle, UK.
| | - Sarah Hill
- Global Health Policy Unit, School of Social & Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katherine Smith
- School of Social Work & Social Policy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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13
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Levy DT, Yuan Z, Li Y, Alberg AJ, Cummings KM. A modeling approach to gauging the effects of nicotine vaping product use on cessation from cigarettes: what do we know, what do we need to know? Addiction 2019; 114 Suppl 1:86-96. [PMID: 30548714 PMCID: PMC7466949 DOI: 10.1111/add.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The long-term population health impact of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) use among smokers is unknown, and subject to a range of plausible assumptions about the use and health consequences of NVPs. While NVPs use may substitute for cigarette smoking and thereby aid in quitting cigarette use, it is also possible that smokers who would have otherwise quit would instead delay quitting cigarettes. We aimed to develop a cohort-specific simulation model of the impact of NVPs on smoking cessation by adult smokers and resulting premature deaths (PD) and life years lost (LYL). DESIGN A cohort-specific simulation model of the impact of NVPs on smoking cessation by adult smokers and resulting premature deaths (PD) and life years lost (LYL) was developed by gender for two birth cohorts, aged 30 and 50 years in 2012. Extensive sensitivity analyses were conducted. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS Smokers in two birth cohorts, aged 30 and 50 years in 2012. MEASUREMENTS Data were from the 1965-2012 National Health Interview Surveys and the 2014/15 Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey. The model incorporated a range of plausible assumptions from published literature about transition rates from regular smoking to exclusive NVP and dual use, from dual use to exclusive NVP use and from exclusive NVP use to no use. FINDINGS Compared with the no-NVP scenario, the male (female) model projected 17.8% (19.3%) fewer PDs and 22.9% (26.6%) fewer LYL for the 1982 cohort and 5.4% (7.3%) fewer PDs and 7.9% (11.4%) fewer LYL for the 1962 cohort. These gains were sensitive to NVP use over time, age of initial NVP use, transitions from smoking to dual, exclusive NVP and no use and relative NVP mortality risks. CONCLUSIONS Nicotine vaping product (NVP) use in the United States is projected to have a net positive impact on population health over a wide range of plausible levels of NVP use, transitions to dual, exclusive NVP and no use and NVP risks. However, net impact is sensitive to parameter estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Levy
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yameng Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anthony J. Alberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - K. Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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14
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Cheng KW, Chaloupka FJ, Shang C, Ngo A, Fong GT, Borland R, Heckman BW, Levy DT, Cummings KM. Prices, use restrictions and electronic cigarette use-evidence from wave 1 (2016) US data of the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. Addiction 2019; 114 Suppl 1:115-122. [PMID: 30690802 PMCID: PMC6661221 DOI: 10.1111/add.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if there are associations between changes in the explicit (i.e. price) and implicit (i.e. use restrictions in public places) costs of cigarettes and nicotine vaping products (NVPs) and their use patterns in the United States. METHODS Data came from wave 1 (2016) US data of the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey (ITC US 4CV1) and Nielsen Scanner Track database. A multiple logistic regression model was applied to estimate the likelihoods of NVP use (vaping at least monthly), cigarette/NVP concurrent use (vaping and smoking at least monthly) and switch from cigarettes to NVPs (had quit smoking < 24 months and currently vape) among ever smokers, conditioning upon cigarette/NVP prices, use restrictions and socio-demographics. RESULTS Living in places where vaping is allowed in smoke-free areas was significantly associated with an increase in the likelihood of vaping [marginal effect (ME) = 0.17; P < 0.05] and the concurrent use of cigarettes and NVPs (ME = 0.11; P < 0.05). Higher NVP prices were associated with decreased likelihood of NVP use, concurrent use, and complete switch (P > 0.05). Higher cigarette prices were associated with greater likelihood of cigarette and NVP concurrent use (P > 0.05). Working in places where vaping is banned is associated with lower likelihood of vaping and NVP and cigarette concurrent use (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher prices for nicotine vaping products (NVPs) and vaping restrictions in public places are associated with less NVP use and less concurrent use of vaping and smoking. Public policies that increase prices for vaping devices and supplies (i.e. regulations, taxes) and restrict where vaping is allowed are likely to suppress vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wen Cheng
- Department of Health Administration, Governors State University, University Park, IL, USA,Health Policy Center, Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank J. Chaloupka
- Health Policy Center, Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ce Shang
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anh Ngo
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Geoffrey T. Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ron Borland
- Nigel Gray Fellowship Group, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bryan W. Heckman
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - David T. Levy
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, DC, USA
| | - K. Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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15
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Levy DT, Yuan Z, Li Y, Mays D, Sanchez-Romero LM. An Examination of the Variation in Estimates of E-Cigarette Prevalence among U.S. Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3164. [PMID: 31480240 PMCID: PMC6747488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Accurate estimates of e-cigarette use are needed to gauge its impact on public health. We compared the results of online and traditional, large scale surveys and provide additional estimates from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) survey, with the aim of assessing the extent of variation in prevalence estimates. Materials and Methods: We searched the peer-reviewed literature for nationally representative estimates of U.S. adult e-cigarette prevalence, and developed our own estimates from waves one, two, and three of the PATH survey. We compared estimates by age, gender, cigarette smoking status, and e-cigarette use intensity both between online and traditional surveys and among the traditional surveys. Results: For specific years, online surveys generally yielded higher adult use rates than most traditional surveys, but considerable variation was found among traditional surveys. E-cigarette prevalence was greater for less intensive than for more intensive use. Levels of use were higher among current and recent former cigarette smokers than among former smokers of longer quit duration and never smokers, and by those of younger ages. Conclusions: Considerable variation in e-cigarette use estimates was observed even for a specific year. Further study is needed to uncover the source of variation in e-cigarette prevalence measures, with a view towards developing measures that best explain regular use and transitions between the use of e-cigarettes and other tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Levy
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Yameng Li
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Darren Mays
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Luz Maria Sanchez-Romero
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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16
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Spears CA, Jones DM, Weaver SR, Huang J, Yang B, Pechacek TF, Eriksen MP. Sociodemographic Correlates of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Use in the United States, 2016-2017. Am J Public Health 2019; 109:1224-1232. [PMID: 31318599 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. To investigate use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among priority populations.Methods. Using 2016 through 2017 US nationally representative surveys (n = 11 688), we examined ENDS use by sociodemographic variables (age, education, poverty status, insurance, employment, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation) and combustible tobacco use.Results. Among individuals who currently use noncigarette combustible tobacco, those from certain backgrounds (young adults, those living below the poverty level, those less educated, sexual minorities, Blacks, Hispanics, and those without health insurance) were more likely to use ENDS. Among current cigarette smokers, those who were younger, living at or above poverty (ever use), with higher education (current use), sexual minority, and non-Black were more likely to use ENDS.Conclusions. Associations between sociodemographic variables and ENDS use varied depending on combustible tobacco use status, highlighting the need to consider multiple types of tobacco products to understand ENDS use among priority populations. The impact on tobacco disparities will ultimately depend on whether ENDS are used to transition completely away from combustible tobacco products and how this may differ across priority populations who use diverse tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Adams Spears
- All of the authors are with the School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Dina M Jones
- All of the authors are with the School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Scott R Weaver
- All of the authors are with the School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Jidong Huang
- All of the authors are with the School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Bo Yang
- All of the authors are with the School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Terry F Pechacek
- All of the authors are with the School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Michael P Eriksen
- All of the authors are with the School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
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17
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Kirkcaldy A, Fairbrother H, Weiner K, Curtis P. Young people's perspectives of e-cigarette use in the home. Health Place 2019; 57:157-164. [PMID: 31054499 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There is concern that the emergence of e-cigarettes could result in an increase in young people's intake of, and exposure to, nicotine. This UK study used friendship group interviews to elicit the perspectives of young people from socioeconomically contrasting backgrounds regarding e-cigarettes. Young people from both advantaged and disadvantaged backgrounds described similar e-cigarette practices in the home environment, and, for both health and sensory reasons, viewed these as preferable to tobacco smoking. Space-related practices of adult e-cigarette use in the home were revealed to be more malleable than those of tobacco use. Results also highlighted that e-cigarettes offered young people new opportunities for nicotine consumption in the home. Methods of storing e-cigarettes in domestic spaces posed safety risks to younger children and easy access to e-cigarettes for others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kirkcaldy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sheffield, Barber House Annexe, 3a Clarkehouse Road, Sheffield S10 2LA, UK.
| | - Hannah Fairbrother
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sheffield, Barber House Annexe, 3a Clarkehouse Road, Sheffield S10 2LA, UK
| | - Kate Weiner
- Department of Sociological Studies, University of Sheffield, Elmfield, Northumberland Road, Sheffield S10 2TU, UK
| | - Penny Curtis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sheffield, Barber House Annexe, 3a Clarkehouse Road, Sheffield S10 2LA, UK
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18
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Chaffee BW. Electronic Cigarettes: Trends, Health Effects and Advising Patients Amid Uncertainty. JOURNAL OF THE CALIFORNIA DENTAL ASSOCIATION 2019; 47:85-92. [PMID: 30976150 PMCID: PMC6454567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dental professionals can be effective tobacco prevention and cessation partners. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), which deliver aerosolized nicotine but fewer toxicants than found in cigarette smoke, present new and contentious questions for clinicians, patients, and researchers. Evidence suggests e-cigarettes are not harmless but are less dangerous than cigarettes. Smoking cessation effectiveness is unproven and oral and systemic health effects remain under study. Dental professionals must stay informed to provide patients truthful information as new data emerge.
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19
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Dai H, Hao J, Catley D. Studies on Vape Shop Density, a Response From the Authors. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:1027-1028. [PMID: 29065192 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Dai
- Health Services & Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical & Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Delwyn Catley
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, Children's Mercy Hospital. Kansas City, MO, USA
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20
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Couraud S, Cortot AB, Pivot XB, Touboul C, Lhomel C, Blay JY, Eisinger F, Viguier J, Morère JF, Greillier L. Beliefs and behavior regarding e-cigarettes in a large cross-sectional survey. Prev Med Rep 2018; 10:332-336. [PMID: 29868388 PMCID: PMC5984220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although e-cigarette use is increasing dramatically, numerous concerns persist regarding toxicity and their role in smoking cessation. We assessed beliefs and behavior regarding e-cigarettes in an adult French population. The 4th French nationwide observational survey, EDIFICE 4, was conducted among representative samples of 1602 laypersons (age, 40-75 years) from 12 June-10 July 2014, using the quota method. Profile, beliefs and behavior were assessed by phone interviews of the participating lay population with no history of cancer (N = 1463). Tobacco use, nicotine dependence (Fagerström test) and e-cigarette use were assessed. E-cigarette users represented 6% of the study lay population. E-cigarette users regarded e-cigarettes as helpful for quitting tobacco smoking and reducing the risk of lung cancer. Current dual users (e-cigarettes + cigarettes) were more likely to attempt to quit than current exclusively cigarette smokers (odds ratio, 3.15 [1.74-5.70]), and to consider themselves at higher risk for lung cancer (OR 3.85 [2.47-5.99]). They also considered e-cigarette vapor to be less toxic than tobacco smoke in terms of both active and passive exposure. Dual users typically consider themselves at higher risk for cancer and intend to quit smoking. Physicians should be made aware of this specific sub-population for whom e-cigarettes may be a useful trigger in the smoking cessation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Couraud
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Cancer Institute of Hospices Civils de Lyon, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495 Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
| | - Alexis B. Cortot
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, Hôpital Calmette, Bd du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier B. Pivot
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Paul Strauss de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 3 Rue de la Porte de l’Hôpital, 67 065 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | | | - Christine Lhomel
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Roche SAS, 30 cours de l'île Seguin, 92650 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Centre, Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - François Eisinger
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, SESSTIM, 13006 Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes (DASC), 232 boulevard Sainte Marguerite, BP 156 13273 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Jérôme Viguier
- Coordination Center for Cancer Screening, Hôpital Bretonneau, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-François Morère
- Department of Oncology-Hematology, Hôpital Paul Brousse, U1193-Paris 11, 12 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94804 Villejuif, France
| | - Laurent Greillier
- Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Department of Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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21
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Pearson JL, Hitchman SC, Brose LS, Bauld L, Glasser AM, Villanti AC, McNeill A, Abrams DB, Cohen JE. Recommended core items to assess e-cigarette use in population-based surveys. Tob Control 2018; 27:341-346. [PMID: 28624764 PMCID: PMC6934252 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A consistent approach using standardised items to assess e-cigarette use in both youth and adult populations will aid cross-survey and cross-national comparisons of the effect of e-cigarette (and tobacco) policies and improve our understanding of the population health impact of e-cigarette use. Focusing on adult behaviour, we propose a set of e-cigarette use items, discuss their utility and potential adaptation, and highlight e-cigarette constructs that researchers should avoid without further item development. Reliable and valid items will strengthen the emerging science and inform knowledge synthesis for policy-making. Building on informal discussions at a series of international meetings of 65 experts from 15 countries, the authors provide recommendations for assessing e-cigarette use behaviour, relative perceived harm, device type, presence of nicotine, flavours and reasons for use. We recommend items assessing eight core constructs: e-cigarette ever use, frequency of use and former daily use; relative perceived harm; device type; primary flavour preference; presence of nicotine; and primary reason for use. These items should be standardised or minimally adapted for the policy context and target population. Researchers should be prepared to update items as e-cigarette device characteristics change. A minimum set of e-cigarette items is proposed to encourage consensus around items to allow for cross-survey and cross-jurisdictional comparisons of e-cigarette use behaviour. These proposed items are a starting point. We recognise room for continued improvement, and welcome input from e-cigarette users and scientific colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Pearson
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research & Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sara C. Hitchman
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, England, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, London, England, UK
| | - Leonie S. Brose
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, England, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, London, England, UK
| | - Linda Bauld
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, London, England, UK
- Institute for Social Marketing, School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Allison M. Glasser
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research & Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrea C. Villanti
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research & Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ann McNeill
- Department of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, England, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, London, England, UK
| | - David B. Abrams
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research & Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joanna E. Cohen
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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O'Connor R, Rousu MC, Bansal-Travers M, Vogl L, Corrigan JR. Using Experimental Auctions to Examine Demand for E-Cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:767-772. [PMID: 27663782 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background E-cigarettes are the latest in a line of potentially reduced exposure products that have garnered interest among smokers. Methods In this paper, we use experimental auctions to estimate smokers' demand for e-cigarettes and to assess the impact of advertisements on willingness to pay. These are actual auctions, with winners and losers, which means hypothetical biases often seen in surveys are minimized. Results We find smokers have positive demand for e-cigarettes, and that the print advertisements used in our study had greater effectiveness than video ads (b = 2.00, p < .05) in terms of increasing demand for disposable e-cigarettes. Demand was greater for reusable versus disposable e-cigarettes. In multivariate models, demand for e-cigarettes was higher among non-white participants and among smokers willing to pay more for cigarettes. Conclusions Our findings suggest that cigarette smokers are interested in e-cigarettes as alternatives to traditional products, particularly for reusable forms, and that this demand can be influenced by messaging/advertising. Implications Given these reduced harm products are appealing, if smokers are able to switch completely to e-cigarettes, there is a good chance for accrual of significant harm reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard O'Connor
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - Matthew C Rousu
- Department of Economics, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA
| | | | - Lisa Vogl
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
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Electronic Cigarette Use in Students and Its Relation with Tobacco-Smoking: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the i-Share Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14111345. [PMID: 29113070 PMCID: PMC5707984 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While young adults often try e-cigarettes, little is known about its use and the reasons for experimentation, particularly in relation with tobacco-smoking. In 2016, data were collected from 2720 French-speaking students participating in a web-based study on students' health: the internet-based Students Health Research Enterprise (i-Share) project. Univariate analyses and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to study the relationship between e-cigarette use and smoking status. Two out of five students declared having tried e-cigarettes and 3.6% were current users. Former smokers were more likely than current smokers to use e-cigarettes currently. Among those who had never smoked, 13.5% had tried e-cigarettes. Very few (0.3%) were current users, alternating e-liquids with and without nicotine. The three main reasons for trying e-cigarettes were curiosity, offer to try by someone, and attractiveness of e-liquid flavors. Among current smokers, previous attempts to quit smoking and a strong desire to stop tobacco were reported more in e-cigarette current users than in former users. In this large sample of French students, findings were consistent with the possibility that e-cigarettes might be used as smoking cessation or reduction aids by some young adults whereas other young never-smokers could be exposed to nicotine.
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24
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Prevalence of use and perceptions of risk of novel and other alternative tobacco products among sexual minority adults: Results from an online national survey, 2014-2015. Prev Med 2017; 104:71-78. [PMID: 28579496 PMCID: PMC5711607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sexual minority (lesbian, gay, and bisexual [LGB]) populations experience disparities in cigarette use, but sparse evidence exists about novel and other alternative tobacco product use. In this study, we compared rates of novel and other alternative tobacco product use, risk perceptions, and worldview between LGB and heterosexual (HET) adults. An online survey administered in 2014-2015, using a weighted probability sample of 11,525 U.S. adults, assessed awareness of tobacco products; ever and current use of e-cigarettes, cigars, little cigars and cigarillos, and hookahs; perceptions of e-cigarettes; and worldview (individualism vs. communitarianism). Bivariate and adjusted multivariable analyses were performed to determine differences between LGB and HET groups. In the adjusted analyses, LGB adults were 1.5 times more likely to have ever used e-cigarettes (95% CI 1.2-1.9) and 1.9 times more likely to have ever used hookahs (95% CI 1.5-2.4) as compared to HET adults. A lower percentage of LGB adults, as compared to HET adults (16.7% vs. 19.2%), believed that exposure to vapors from e-cigarettes was "harmful" and reported that they "did not know" of any harm (35.1% vs. 39.8%). LGB were 20% less likely than were HET adults to endorse an individualistic worldview. These results suggest that a disparity exists, whereby LGB adults are more likely to have used e-cigarettes and hookahs. In addition, although vapor from e-cigarettes contains nicotine and other chemicals, LGB adults are less likely to perceive exposure to secondhand vapor as harmful. Tailored awareness campaigns and interventions are needed to convey the risks and curb use of these products.
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Pericot-Valverde I, Gaalema DE, Priest JS, Higgins ST. E-cigarette awareness, perceived harmfulness, and ever use among U.S. adults. Prev Med 2017; 104:92-99. [PMID: 28729198 PMCID: PMC5871224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The overarching aims of this study are to (a) estimate and update knowledge on rates and predictors of awareness, perceived harmfulness, and ever use of e-cigarettes among U.S. adults and (b) to utilize that information to identify risk-factor profiles associated with ever use. Data were collected from the 2015 Health Information National Trends Survey (N=3738). Logistic regression was used to explore relationships between sociodemographics (gender, age, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, educational attainment, income, and census region), current use of other tobacco products (conventional cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco), ever use of alternative products (hookah, pipes, roll-your-own cigarettes, and snus) and e-cigarette awareness, perceived harm, and ever use. Classification and regression tree (CART) modeling was used to examine risk-factor profiles of e-cigarette ever use. Results showed that most respondents were aware of e-cigarettes (83.6%) and perceived them to be not at all or moderately harmful (54.7%). Prevalence of e-cigarette ever use was 22.4%. Current cigarette smoking and ever use of alternative tobacco products were powerful predictors of use. Other predictors of use of e-cigarettes were age, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment. Awareness and perceived harm were significant predictors among particular smoker subgroups. Fifteen risk profiles were identified across which prevalence of e-cigarette use varied from 6 to 94%. These results underscore the need to continue monitoring patterns of e-cigarette use. They also provide new knowledge regarding risk-profiles associated with striking differences in prevalence of e-cigarette use that have the potential to be helpful when considering the need for or impact of e-cigarette regulatory policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pericot-Valverde
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States.
| | - Diann E Gaalema
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jeff S Priest
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Stephen T Higgins
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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Levy DT, Yuan Z, Li Y. The Prevalence and Characteristics of E-Cigarette Users in the U.S. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1200. [PMID: 29019917 PMCID: PMC5664701 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Studies have examined the characteristics of individuals who use e-cigarettes, including sociodemographic and smoking characteristics, and the relationship of e-cigarette use to tobacco control policies. While most studies consider a subset of these characteristics with weak measures of regular e-cigarette use, this study uses a large, recent U.S. survey to simultaneously consider the association of each of these factors with different use measures. Data from the May 2014 Tobacco Use Supplement-Current Population Survey is supplemented with information on tobacco control policies. The prevalence of ever, current (at least 1 of the last 30 days), and regular (at least 20 of the last 30 days) e-cigarette use were 7.7%, 2.1% and 0.9%, implying that 27.0% of ever users were current users of which 45.3% were regular users. E-cigarette use varied by socio-demographic characteristics and by smoking status, and depended on the measure of use adopted. However, regardless of measures, e-cigarette use was higher among those smokers who smoked more cigarettes. The association with policies was generally weak, but we found more regular use by smokers in low tax and low tobacco control spending states. The results indicate that the user characteristics differ depending on the e-cigarette use measure. The measure of use should be carefully considered in analyzing how e-cigarette use affects cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Levy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
| | - Yameng Li
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Dai H, Hao J. Direct Marketing Promotion and Electronic Cigarette Use Among US Adults, National Adult Tobacco Survey, 2013-2014. Prev Chronic Dis 2017; 14:E84. [PMID: 28934079 PMCID: PMC5609497 DOI: 10.5888/pcd14.170073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among US adults has increased since 2007. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of direct marketing promotion of e-cigarettes and its association with e-cigarette use among US adults. METHODS We used using data from the 2013-2014 National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATS) to estimate prevalence of e-cigarette promotions received by mail or email. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the associations between e-cigarette promotions and the prevalence and frequency of e-cigarette use among US adults. RESULTS In the 2013-2014 survey period, 7.1% of adults (about 16.0 million) reported receiving mail or email e-cigarette promotions in the previous 6 months; 3.2% received mail promotions, and 5.1% received email promotions. A higher prevalence of promotions was found among men versus women, adults aged under 65 years versus those older, current e-cigarette users, current smokers, and people with no smoking restriction rules in their homes or vehicles. In the multivariable analysis, receiving mail or email e-cigarette promotions was associated with higher odds of being current e-cigarette users (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.0; P < .001) than being noncurrent e-cigarette users. Receiving promotions was also associated with higher odds of using e-cigarettes some days (aOR = 1.6; P = .006) or every day (aOR = 1.7; P = .008) than using e-cigarettes rarely. CONCLUSION Receipt of e-cigarette direct marketing promotions was prevalent among US adults. Receiving e-cigarette promotions was associated with increased odds of both prevalence and frequency of e-cigarette use. Future longitudinal studies are needed to measure causal effects of e-cigarette promotions on e-cigarette use among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Dai
- Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Hospital, 2420 Pershing Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108. .,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is rapidly increasing, with many users reporting trying e-cigarettes as a method to quit combustible cigarettes. This review highlights recently published studies assessing the use of e-cigarettes as a tool for cessation of combustible cigarettes. RECENT FINDINGS When evaluating data from four randomized controlled trials and multiple cohort studies, differential association between e-cigarette use and cessation rates was seen. Cessation rates are highest in UK cohort studies and in studies using a multifaceted approach, such as with the addition of varenicline. The largest evidence base is derived from observational cohort studies. Overall, the current evidence remains too small for conclusive results regarding efficacy of e-cigarettes for combustible cessation. There does appear to be a consistent reduction in daily combustible cigarette use in regular e-cigarette users. SUMMARY Currently, there are conflicting data which can be used to support or dismiss e-cigarettes as a tool for smoking cessation. As larger population-based studies become available, the potential harms and benefits of e-cigarettes will become clearer. In the short term, shared decision-making with combustible cigarette users will be imperative when considering e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation tool.
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Lichtenberg K. E-Cigarettes: Current Evidence and Policy. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2017; 114:335-338. [PMID: 30228625 PMCID: PMC6140188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lichtenberg
- Kate Lichtenberg, DO, MPH, FAAFP, MSMA member since 2012 and Missouri Medicine Editorial Board Member for Public Health, is board certified in both Family Medicine and Public Health/General Preventive Medicine. After 13 years in full-time practice, she now works in population health management
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Buchting FO, Emory KT, Scout, Kim Y, Fagan P, Vera LE, Emery S. Transgender Use of Cigarettes, Cigars, and E-Cigarettes in a National Study. Am J Prev Med 2017; 53:e1-e7. [PMID: 28094133 PMCID: PMC5478444 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use among transgender adults continues to be an area of research with few reported findings. The limited literature indicates higher cigarette use among transgender adults, compared with the general population. This national study is the first to report on cigarettes, cigars, and e-cigarettes by examining differences in transgender tobacco use independent of sexual orientation. METHODS Data were collected in 2013 using a nationally cross-sectional online survey of U.S. adults (cisgender, n=17,164; transgender, n=168) and analyzed in 2015. Past 30-day tobacco use point estimates and adjusted logistic regression while controlling for false discovery rate were reported for transgender and cisgender respondents. RESULTS Transgender adults reported higher past 30-day use of any cigarette/cigar/e-cigarette product (39.7% vs 25.1%) and current use of cigarettes (35.5% vs 20.7%), cigars (26.8% vs 9.3%), and e-cigarettes (21.3% vs 5.0%) compared with cisgender adults (all p-values ≤0.003). Transgender respondents had significantly higher odds of past 30-day tobacco product use for any cigarette/cigar/e-cigarette product (OR=1.97, 95% CI=1.25, 3.1), e-cigarettes (OR=5.15, 95% CI=3.36, 7.88), cigars (OR=3.56, 95% CI=2.27, 5.59), and cigarettes (OR=2.10, 95% CI=1.35, 3.28) versus cisgender respondents (all p-values ≤0.0035). CONCLUSIONS Transgender adults are at higher risk for tobacco use than cisgender adults and risk of specific product use varies by gender. This is the first U.S. national study to assess differences in use of various tobacco products using questions that specifically ask for gender identity separately from sexual orientation. This study provides data that can inform targeted interventions to promote transgender health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen T Emory
- Moores Cancer Center at the University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Scout
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yoonsang Kim
- National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pebbles Fagan
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | - Sherry Emery
- National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Dai H. Tobacco Product Use Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adolescents. Pediatrics 2017; 139:peds.2016-3276. [PMID: 28348201 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sexual minority youth face health disparities and a high risk of substance abuse. This study sought to fully characterize the disparity of tobacco use and risk factors in this high-risk subpopulation. METHODS Using data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the current use of various tobacco products (cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, cigars, and e-cigarettes) was compared according to sex and distinct sexual identities (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and unsure). Heterosexual/straight adolescents served as the control group. RESULTS Of 14 703 respondents, 88.8% were heterosexual/straight, 2.0% were lesbian or gay, 6.0% were bisexual, and 3.2% were unsure about their sexual identity. Sexual minorities had a higher prevalence of tobacco product use than their heterosexual/straight counterparts. Sex had a significant effect on the disparities of tobacco use. Lesbian and bisexual girls had higher odds of reporting current use of any tobacco product, cigarettes, cigars, and e-cigarettes than did straight girls, whereas sexual minority boys had similar smoking behaviors compared with straight boys. Substance use, including marijuana use, drinking, and binge drinking, was significantly associated with any tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco use differs among subgroups of sexual minority youth, with lesbians and bisexual girls having a higher prevalence of tobacco use than their straight peers. Heterogeneity of tobacco use across distinct sexual identity groups underscores the need to develop evidence-based tobacco control strategies for sexual minority youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Dai
- Health Services & Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri; and Departments of Biomedical & Health Informatics, and Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
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Dai H, Hao J, Catley D. Vape Shop Density and Socio-Demographic Disparities: A US Census Tract Analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:1338-1344. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Huerta TR, Walker DM, Mullen D, Johnson TJ, Ford EW. Trends in E-Cigarette Awareness and Perceived Harmfulness in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2017; 52:339-346. [PMID: 27890516 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are gaining in popularity as an alternative to regular cigarettes, as they are viewed as potentially less harmful. However, it remains unclear how awareness about e-cigarettes is permeating through the general U.S. POPULATION This study seeks to extend previous research and examine trends in e-cigarette awareness and perceived harmfulness, and their association with smoking-cessation efforts. METHODS Data from three cycles (2012, 2013, and 2014) of the Health Information National Trends Survey were combined into a single data set. Controlling for survey year, multivariate logit models were used to determine the association between demographic characteristics and e-cigarette awareness, perceived harmfulness, quit attempts, and quit intentions. Data were analyzed in 2015. RESULTS Awareness of e-cigarettes increased from 77.1% in 2012 to 94.3% in 2014. Controlling for demographic characteristics, e-cigarette awareness significantly increased in both 2013 and 2014, relative to 2012. Perception that e-cigarettes were less harmful than regular cigarettes declined from 50.7% in 2012 to 43.1% in 2014. Among smokers, no relationship was observed between e-cigarette awareness and past-year quit attempts or quit intentions, but those that viewed e-cigarettes as less harmful were less likely to have a past-year quit attempt. CONCLUSIONS These analyses reveal a continued increase in overall public awareness of e-cigarettes and shifting harm perceptions relative to regular cigarettes. New regulatory oversight by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration may have major effects on both dimensions, which are worth continued monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Huerta
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Daniel M Walker
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Deborah Mullen
- International Diabetes Center, HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Tyler J Johnson
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Eric W Ford
- Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Glasser AM, Collins L, Pearson JL, Abudayyeh H, Niaura RS, Abrams DB, Villanti AC. Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review. Am J Prev Med 2017; 52:e33-e66. [PMID: 27914771 PMCID: PMC5253272 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rapid developments in e-cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and the evolution of the overall tobacco product marketplace warrant frequent evaluation of the published literature. The purpose of this article is to report updated findings from a comprehensive review of the published scientific literature on ENDS. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The authors conducted a systematic review of published empirical research literature on ENDS through May 31, 2016, using a detailed search strategy in the PubMed electronic database, expert review, and additional targeted searches. Included studies presented empirical findings and were coded to at least one of nine topics: (1) Product Features; (2) Health Effects; (3) Consumer Perceptions; (4) Patterns of Use; (5) Potential to Induce Dependence; (6) Smoking Cessation; (7) Marketing and Communication; (8) Sales; and (9) Policies; reviews and commentaries were excluded. Data from included studies were extracted by multiple coders (October 2015 to August 2016) into a standardized form and synthesized qualitatively by topic. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS There were 687 articles included in this systematic review. The majority of studies assessed patterns of ENDS use and consumer perceptions of ENDS, followed by studies examining health effects of vaping and product features. CONCLUSIONS Studies indicate that ENDS are increasing in use, particularly among current smokers, pose substantially less harm to smokers than cigarettes, are being used to reduce/quit smoking, and are widely available. More longitudinal studies and controlled trials are needed to evaluate the impact of ENDS on population-level tobacco use and determine the health effects of longer-term vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Glasser
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Lauren Collins
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jennifer L Pearson
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Haneen Abudayyeh
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Raymond S Niaura
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - David B Abrams
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Andrea C Villanti
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kamat AD, Van Dyke AL. Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Among Adolescents: Status of the Evidence and Public Health Recommendations. Pediatr Ann 2017; 46:e69-e77. [PMID: 28192582 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20170111-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the prevalence of tobacco smoking has been declining in recent years, the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) such as of electronic cigarettes, vaporizers, and hookahs has been steadily rising, especially among adolescents. ENDS are not only advertised to children, but their sale via the Internet has made them easily accessible to youth. In general, children perceive ENDS as safe, or at least safer than smoking traditional combustible tobacco products; however, exposure to nicotine may have deleterious effects on the developing brain. Concern also persists that ENDS may be a "starter" drug that may lead to further tobacco, drug, and/or alcohol use. In contrast to this precautionary stance that is associated with calls for legislative oversight of ENDS marketing and sales, harm reductionists claim that the risks posed by ENDS are minor in comparison with those of combustible tobacco products and that ENDS may be used as a means of nicotine replacement for smoking cessation, despite no concrete evidence to support this assertion. Many medical and health-related organizations have produced position statements concerning ENDS use, including among adolescents. This article summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of using ENDS espoused in these position statements, especially as they relate to use among adolescents. [Pediatr Ann. 2017;46(2):e69-e77.].
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Simon P, Camenga DR, Kong G, Connell CM, Morean ME, Cavallo DA, Krishnan-Sarin S. Youth E-cigarette, Blunt, and Other Tobacco Use Profiles: Does SES Matter? TOB REGUL SCI 2017; 3:115-127. [PMID: 29082301 PMCID: PMC5654631 DOI: 10.18001/trs.3.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and adolescent polytobacco use profiles (including e-cigarettes and blunts). METHODS Adolescents (N = 1932) completed surveys conducted in 2014 in 3 Connecticut high schools. Within a Latent Class Analysis (LCA) framework, logistic regressions examined associations between SES and polytobacco use profiles comprising never, ever, and current e-cigarette, blunt, cigarette, cigar, cigarillo, hookah, and smokeless tobacco use. RESULTS We identified 5 classes: (1) current polytobacco users; (2) ever polytobacco users; (3) current e-cigarette, blunt, and cigarette users; (4) ever e-cigarette and blunt users; and (5) never users. Low SES, relative to high SES, was associated with greater likelihood of being: (1) an ever polytobacco user; (2) a current e-cigarette, blunt, and cigarette user; and (3) an ever e-cigarette and blunt user, relative to a never user. CONCLUSIONS Low SES is associated with membership in distinct polytobacco use latent classes. Regulatory initiatives that focus exclusively on cigarette use may miss the opportunity to influence adolescent use of other products, which may be especially relevant to low-income individuals. Future research should examine whether targeting a broader range of products reduces SES-related tobacco use disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Simon
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & The Consultation Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Deepa R Camenga
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Grace Kong
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT
| | - Christian M Connell
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & The Consultation Center, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Dana A Cavallo
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT
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Spears CA, Jones DM, Weaver SR, Pechacek TF, Eriksen MP. Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems among Adults with Mental Health Conditions, 2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 14:E10. [PMID: 28025560 PMCID: PMC5295261 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Adults with mental health conditions (MHC) are especially likely to smoke and experience tobacco-related health disparities. Individuals with MHC may also use electronic nicotine delivery devices (ENDS) at disproportionately high rates. However, there is a relative dearth of knowledge regarding ENDS use among individuals with MHC. In a large representative sample of U.S. adults (n = 6051), associations between self-reported MHC diagnoses and ENDS use and susceptibility were examined, stratified by smoking status. Participants with MHC were approximately 1.5 times more likely to have used ENDS in their lifetime and almost twice as likely to currently use ENDS as those without MHC. MHC status was most strongly linked to higher ENDS use among former smokers, and former smokers with MHC were more likely to report using ENDS during past smoking quit attempts than those without MHC. Among participants who had not tried ENDS, former smokers with MHC were especially susceptible to future ENDS use. The potential advantage of ENDS for cessation purposes should be balanced with the risk of attracting former smokers with MHC to ENDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Adams Spears
- Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavior, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Dina M Jones
- Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Scott R Weaver
- Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Terry F Pechacek
- Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
- Division of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Michael P Eriksen
- Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
- Division of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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A qualitative analysis of low income smokers' responses to tobacco excise tax increases. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2016; 37:82-89. [PMID: 27639173 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While increasing the excise tax applied to tobacco products reduces consumption and smoking prevalence, it may also cause hardship among smokers who do not quit. We explored how smokers living on a low income respond to increasing tobacco excise taxes. METHODS Using a social justice perspective, we explored the increasing costs of tobacco with a sample of 27 adult smokers who live below the poverty line (i.e., with an income less than 60% of the median New Zealand income). Face-to-face interviews were conducted in Dunedin, New Zealand, a city with marked income differences, and were undertaken shortly after a further tobacco excise tax increase. The interview guide explored participants' smoking practices, their perceptions of excise tax as a strategy to reduce smoking prevalence, and the strategies they used to manage their tobacco needs. RESULTS We identified three key themes: depriving the poor; tobacco as a precious commodity, and desperation. While many participants described smoking as a pleasure or coping mechanism, they also saw it as a burden that they struggled to manage. Despite trying to quit, most had failed to become smokefree and felt victimised by a punitive policy system that coerced change without supporting it. They managed financial pressure by reducing their tobacco consumption but also used increasingly desperate measures, including recycling waste tobacco; participants reported feeling demeaned by measures they saw as their only option. CONCLUSION Providing intensive cessation support for lower income smokers could avoid further alienating a group already experiencing considerable disadvantage.
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Hammig B, Daniel-Dobbs P, Blunt-Vinti H. Electronic cigarette initiation among minority youth in the United States. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 43:306-310. [PMID: 27494770 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1203926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) use among youth is a pressing public health issue, with prevalence of use surpassing that of tobacco cigarettes. While research concerning e-cigarettes has proliferated in recent years, there is a dearth of information regarding those whose first exposure to tobacco products was an e-cigarette. OBJECTIVES To examine factors associated with e-cigarette initiation among minority youth in the United States. METHODS Data on minority students in middle and high schools in the United States derived from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) were sampled (weighted N = 27,294,454). We examined e-cigarette initiation among minority youth using logistic regression models to identify related factors. RESULTS In 2014, 736,158 minority youth were e-cigarette initiators. Odds of e-cigarette initiation was highest among Hispanic youth [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.60-4.56]. Exposure to e-cigarette advertising (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.07-2.50), perceptions of little to no harm (AOR = 7.08; 95% CI = 4.03-12.46), and believing e-cigarettes were less addictive than tobacco (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.52-3.02) were associated with e-cigarette initiation. CONCLUSIONS Odds of initiating e-cigarette use was highest among Hispanic youth. Among minority youth, e-cigarette initiation was associated with perceptions of harm and addiction potential, as well as exposure to e-cigarette advertising. Therefore, prevention efforts targeting minority youth who are at risk of becoming e-cigarette initiators may benefit by incorporating these factors into prevention campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hammig
- a Community Health Promotion , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , USA
| | - Page Daniel-Dobbs
- a Community Health Promotion , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , USA
| | - Heather Blunt-Vinti
- a Community Health Promotion , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , USA
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Wackowski OA, Bover Manderski MT, Delnevo CD, Giovenco DP, Lewis MJ. Smokers' Early E-cigarette Experiences, Reasons for Use, and Use Intentions. TOB REGUL SCI 2016; 2:133-145. [PMID: 27042688 PMCID: PMC4810443 DOI: 10.18001/trs.2.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the context of smokers' first e-cigarette experiences, reasons for trying e-cigarettes, not continuing their use, and future use intentions. METHODS We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 519 current cigarette smokers in the United States (classified as never, current, or former e-cigarette users/triers) in April 2014 about their e-cigarette experiences and use intentions. RESULTS Among ever e-cigarette users/triers, 43% purchased an e-cigarette on their own as their first method of trial. These respondents were more likely to have used e-cigarettes more times than those who first tried e-cigarettes from a friend. Positive perceptions about first experiences were significantly higher among current (34.5%) compared to former e-cigarette users/triers (17.9%). Few (8.7%) current e-cigarette users/triers had a negative first experience. Susceptibility to future e-cigarette use was significantly associated with e-cigarette use status, intention to quit smoking and satisfaction with first e-cigarette experience. Among those interested in e-cigarettes, 26.3% were more interested in trying an e-cigarette made by a major tobacco company and 31.8% in trying an e-cigarette that looked "similar" versus different (13.8%) than a real cigarette. CONCLUSIONS The context and perceptions of e-cigarette trial experiences, product quality, style and manufacturer may influence e-cigarette trial and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A Wackowski
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Center for Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | - Cristine D Delnevo
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Center for Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Daniel P Giovenco
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Center for Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - M Jane Lewis
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Center for Tobacco Studies, New Brunswick, NJ
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Kim Y, Huang J, Emery S. Garbage in, Garbage Out: Data Collection, Quality Assessment and Reporting Standards for Social Media Data Use in Health Research, Infodemiology and Digital Disease Detection. J Med Internet Res 2016; 18:e41. [PMID: 26920122 PMCID: PMC4788740 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.4738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social media have transformed the communications landscape. People increasingly obtain news and health information online and via social media. Social media platforms also serve as novel sources of rich observational data for health research (including infodemiology, infoveillance, and digital disease detection detection). While the number of studies using social data is growing rapidly, very few of these studies transparently outline their methods for collecting, filtering, and reporting those data. Keywords and search filters applied to social data form the lens through which researchers may observe what and how people communicate about a given topic. Without a properly focused lens, research conclusions may be biased or misleading. Standards of reporting data sources and quality are needed so that data scientists and consumers of social media research can evaluate and compare methods and findings across studies. Objective We aimed to develop and apply a framework of social media data collection and quality assessment and to propose a reporting standard, which researchers and reviewers may use to evaluate and compare the quality of social data across studies. Methods We propose a conceptual framework consisting of three major steps in collecting social media data: develop, apply, and validate search filters. This framework is based on two criteria: retrieval precision (how much of retrieved data is relevant) and retrieval recall (how much of the relevant data is retrieved). We then discuss two conditions that estimation of retrieval precision and recall rely on—accurate human coding and full data collection—and how to calculate these statistics in cases that deviate from the two ideal conditions. We then apply the framework on a real-world example using approximately 4 million tobacco-related tweets collected from the Twitter firehose. Results We developed and applied a search filter to retrieve e-cigarette–related tweets from the archive based on three keyword categories: devices, brands, and behavior. The search filter retrieved 82,205 e-cigarette–related tweets from the archive and was validated. Retrieval precision was calculated above 95% in all cases. Retrieval recall was 86% assuming ideal conditions (no human coding errors and full data collection), 75% when unretrieved messages could not be archived, 86% assuming no false negative errors by coders, and 93% allowing both false negative and false positive errors by human coders. Conclusions This paper sets forth a conceptual framework for the filtering and quality evaluation of social data that addresses several common challenges and moves toward establishing a standard of reporting social data. Researchers should clearly delineate data sources, how data were accessed and collected, and the search filter building process and how retrieval precision and recall were calculated. The proposed framework can be adapted to other public social media platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsang Kim
- Health Media Collaboratory, Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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