1
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Schmidt CQ, Höchsmann B, Schrezenmeier H. The complement model disease paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2350817. [PMID: 39101294 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
We describe initial, current, and future aspects of complement activation and inhibition in the rare hematological disease paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). PNH is a rare but severe hematological disorder characterized by complement-mediated intravascular hemolysis resulting in anemia and severe thrombosis. Insights into the complement-mediated pathophysiology ultimately led to regulatory approval of the first-in-class complement inhibitor, eculizumab, in 2007. This anti-complement C5 therapy resulted in the stabilization of many hematologic parameters and dramatically reduced the often fatal, coagulant-resistant thrombotic events. Despite the remarkable clinical success, a substantial proportion of PNH patients experience suboptimal clinical responses during anti-C5 therapy. We describe the identification and mechanistic dissection of four unexpected processes responsible for such suboptimal clinical responses: (1) pharmacokinetic and (2) pharmacodynamic intravascular breakthrough hemolysis, (3) continuing low-level residual intravascular hemolysis, and (4) extravascular hemolysis. Novel complement therapeutics mainly targeting different complement proteins proximal in the cascade attempt to address these remaining problems. With five approved complement inhibitors in the clinic and many more being evaluated in clinical trials, PNH remains one of the complement diseases with the highest intensity of clinical research. Mechanistically unexpected breakthrough events occur not only with C5 inhibitors but also with proximal pathway inhibitors, which require further mechanistic elaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Q Schmidt
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, University of Ulm Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Britta Höchsmann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Baden-Württemberg-Hessen and University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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2
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Lonappan DK, Kuruvalli G, Shaik AH, Hebbani AV, Reddyvari H, Damodara Reddy V, Vadamalai V. Alcohol-induced hormonal and metabolic alterations in plasma and erythrocytes-a gender-based study. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:350-358. [PMID: 38031273 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2290071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to understand the gender-specific alcohol-induced biochemical changes and TBARS association with the endocrine system. METHODS Human male and female subjects ranging from 35 ± 10 years old with an 8-10-year drinking history were included in the study. RESULTS The results demonstrated that testosterone levels were lower in male alcoholics and higher in female alcoholics, as well as higher estrogen and cortisol levels in both genders. In addition, we found lower T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in alcoholics of both sexes. Furthermore, plasma TBARS, protein carbonyls, nitrite, and nitrate levels increased significantly with concomitant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in both male and female alcoholics. Furthermore, erythrocyte lysate nitrite and nitrate levels membrane total cholesterol, phospholipid and cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) ratio with lower total membrane proteins in both genders of alcoholics. SDS-PAGE analysis of erythrocyte membrane proteins revealed increased density of band 3, protein 4.1, 4.2, 4.9 and glycophorins, whereas decreases in spectrin (α and β) were observed in both genders of alcoholics. Besides, alcoholics of both sexes had a lower ability to resist osmotic hemolysis. Plasma TBARS was negatively correlated with testosterone, TSH, T3 and T4 in male alcoholics, moreover, estradiol and cortisol were positively correlated in males and females respectively. CONCLUSION Female alcoholics may be more susceptible to osmotic hemolysis due to increased erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation with decreased antioxidant status, which results in an altered membrane C/P ratio and membrane protein composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gouthami Kuruvalli
- Department of Biochemistry, REVA University, Bangalore. Karnataka, India
| | - Althaf Hussain Shaik
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hymavathi Reddyvari
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Lin S, Zheng Y, Chen M, Xu L, Huang H. The interactions between ineffective erythropoiesis and ferroptosis in β-thalassemia. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1346173. [PMID: 38468700 PMCID: PMC10925657 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1346173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In Guangxi, Hainan, and Fujian Province in southern China, β-thalassemia is a frequent monogenic hereditary disorder that is primarily defined by hemolytic anemia brought on by inefficient erythropoiesis. It has been found that ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia is closely associated with a high accumulation of Reactive oxygen species, a product of oxidative stress, in erythroid cells. During recent years, ferroptosis is an iron-dependent lipid peroxidation that involves abnormalities in lipid and iron metabolism as well as reactive oxygen species homeostasis. It is a recently identified kind of programmed cell death. β-thalassemia patients experience increased iron release from reticuloendothelial cells and intestinal absorption of iron, ultimately resulting in iron overload. Additionally, the secretion of Hepcidin is inhibited in these patients. What counts is both ineffective erythropoiesis and ferroptosis in β-thalassemia are intricately linked to the iron metabolism and Reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Consequently, to shed further light on the pathophysiology of β-thalassemia and propose fresh ideas for its therapy, this paper reviews ferroptosis, ineffective erythropoiesis, and the way they interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanping Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meihuan Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- National Key Obstetric Clinical Specialty Construction Institution of China, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- National Key Obstetric Clinical Specialty Construction Institution of China, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- National Key Obstetric Clinical Specialty Construction Institution of China, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Pasciu V, Nieddu M, Sotgiu FD, Baralla E, Berlinguer F. An Overview on Assay Methods to Quantify ROS and Enzymatic Antioxidants in Erythrocytes and Spermatozoa of Small Domestic Ruminants. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2300. [PMID: 37508077 PMCID: PMC10376267 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to provide an overview of the assay methods for the quantification of ROS and principal enzymatic antioxidants as biomarkers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes and spermatozoa of small domestic ruminants. A complete literature search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus and the World Wide Web using relevant keywords and focusing on the last five years (2018-2023). Among spectrophotometry, fluorometry and chemiluminescence, the most widely used method for ROS assay is fluorometry, probably because it allows to simultaneously assay several ROS, using different probes, with greater economic advantages. Regarding intracellular antioxidant enzymes, recent literature reports only spectrophotometric methods, many of which use commercial kits. The use of a less sensitive but cheapest method is suitable because both erythrocytes and spermatozoa samples are highly concentrated in domestic ruminant species. All methods considered in this review have been found to be appropriate; in general, the differences are related to their costs and sensitivity. Quantification of ROS and enzymatic antioxidant activity in erythrocytes and spermatozoa may find application in the study of the welfare and health status of small domestic ruminants for monitoring livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pasciu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Nieddu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Elena Baralla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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5
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Spinelli S, Straface E, Gambardella L, Caruso D, Falliti G, Remigante A, Marino A, Morabito R. Aging Injury Impairs Structural Properties and Cell Signaling in Human Red Blood Cells; Açaì Berry Is a Keystone. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040848. [PMID: 37107223 PMCID: PMC10135063 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) deformability is the ability of cells to modulate their shape to ensure transit through narrow capillaries of the microcirculation. A loss of deformability can occur in several pathological conditions, during natural RBC aging through an increase in membrane protein phosphorylation, and/or through the structural rearrangements of cytoskeletal proteins due to oxidative conditions, with a key role played by band 3. Due to the close relationship between aging and oxidative stress, flavonoid-rich foods are good candidates to counteract age-related alterations. This study aims to verify the beneficial role of Açaì extract in a d-Galactose (d-Gal)-induced model of aging in human RBCs. To this end, band 3 phosphorylation and structural rearrangements in membrane cytoskeleton-associated proteins, namely spectrin, ankyrin, and/or protein 4.1, are analyzed in RBCs treated with 100 mM d-Gal for 24 h, with or without pre-incubation with 10 μg/mL Açaì extract for 1 h. Furthermore, RBC deformability is also measured. Tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3, membrane cytoskeleton-associated proteins, and RBC deformability (elongation index) are analyzed using western blotting analysis, FACScan flow cytometry, and ektacytometry, respectively. The present data show that: (i) Açaì berry extract restores the increase in band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation and Syk kinase levels after exposure to 100 mM d-Gal treatment; and (ii) Açaì berry extract partially restores alterations in the distribution of spectrin, ankyrin, and protein 4.1. Interestingly, the significant decrease in membrane RBC deformability associated with d-Gal treatment is alleviated by pre-treatment with Açaì extract. These findings further contribute to clarify mechanisms of natural aging in human RBCs, and propose flavonoid substances as potential natural antioxidants for the treatment and/or prevention of oxidative-stress-related disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Spinelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Straface
- Biomarkers Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Gambardella
- Biomarkers Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Caruso
- Complex Operational Unit of Clinical Pathology of Papardo Hospital, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falliti
- Complex Operational Unit of Clinical Pathology of Papardo Hospital, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Remigante
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Rossana Morabito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
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6
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Saleh BH, Lugaajju A, Storry JR, Persson KEM. Autoantibodies against red blood cell antigens are common in a malaria endemic area. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105060. [PMID: 36270601 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria can cause severe anemia. Even after treatment, hematocrit can decrease. The role of autoantibodies against erythrocytes is not clearly elucidated and how common they are, or what they are directed against, is still largely unknown. We have investigated antibodies against erythrocytes in healthy adult men living in a highly malaria endemic area in Uganda. We found antibodies in more than half of the individuals, which is significantly more than in a non-endemic area (Sweden). Some of the Ugandan samples had a broad reactivity where it was not possible to determine the exact target of the autoantibodies, but we also found specific antibodies directed against erythrocyte surface antigens known to be of importance for merozoite invasion such as glycophorin A (anti-Ena, anti-M) and glycophorin B (anti-U, anti-S). In addition, several autoantibodies had partial specificities against glycophorin C and the blood group systems Rh, Diego (located on Band 3), Duffy (located on ACKR1), and Cromer (located on CD55), all of which have been described to be important for malaria and therefore of interest for understanding how autoantibodies could potentially stop parasites from entering the erythrocyte. In conclusion, specific autoantibodies against erythrocytes are common in a malaria endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Hasan Saleh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Klinikgatan 19, 22185 Lund, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, King Abdulaziz University, Building 7, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Allan Lugaajju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Klinikgatan 19, 22185 Lund, Sweden; School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jill R Storry
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, Lund, Sweden; Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Akutgatan 8, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina E M Persson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Klinikgatan 19, 22185 Lund, Sweden.
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7
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Möller M, Orrico F, Villar S, López AC, Silva N, Donzé M, Thomson L, Denicola A. Oxidants and Antioxidants in the Redox Biochemistry of Human Red Blood Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:147-168. [PMID: 36643550 PMCID: PMC9835686 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are exposed to both external and internal sources of oxidants that challenge their integrity and compromise their physiological function and supply of oxygen to tissues. Autoxidation of oxyhemoglobin is the main source of endogenous RBC oxidant production, yielding superoxide radical and then hydrogen peroxide. In addition, potent oxidants from other blood cells and the surrounding endothelium can reach the RBCs. Abundant and efficient enzymatic systems and low molecular weight antioxidants prevent most of the damage to the RBCs and also position the RBCs as a sink of vascular oxidants that allow the body to maintain a healthy circulatory system. Among the antioxidant enzymes, the thiol-dependent peroxidase peroxiredoxin 2, highly abundant in RBCs, is essential to keep the redox balance. A great part of the RBC antioxidant activity is supported by an active glucose metabolism that provides reducing power in the form of NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway. There are several RBC defects and situations that generate oxidative stress conditions where the defense mechanisms are overwhelmed, and these include glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencies (favism), hemoglobinopathies like sickle cell disease and thalassemia, as well as packed RBCs for transfusion that suffer from storage lesions. These oxidative stress-associated pathologies of the RBCs underline the relevance of redox balance in these anucleated cells that lack a mechanism of DNA-inducible antioxidant response and rely on a complex and robust network of antioxidant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias
N. Möller
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Orrico
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián
F. Villar
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Ana C. López
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Silva
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Departamento
de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de
Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Marcel Donzé
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
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8
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Bou-Fakhredin R, De Franceschi L, Motta I, Eid AA, Taher AT, Cappellini MD. Redox Balance in β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease: A Love and Hate Relationship. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050967. [PMID: 35624830 PMCID: PMC9138068 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) are inherited hemoglobinopathies that result in both quantitative and qualitative variations in the β-globin chain. These in turn lead to instability in the generated hemoglobin (Hb) or to a globin chain imbalance that affects the oxidative environment both intracellularly and extracellularly. While oxidative stress is not among the primary etiologies of β-thalassemia and SCD, it plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Different mechanisms exist behind the development of oxidative stress; the result of which is cytotoxicity, causing the oxidation of cellular components that can eventually lead to cell death and organ damage. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of oxidative stress development in β-thalassemia and SCD and describe the current and potential antioxidant therapeutic strategies. Finally, we discuss the role of targeted therapy in achieving an optimal redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Bou-Fakhredin
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.B.-F.); (I.M.)
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Verona, 37128 Verona, Italy;
| | - Irene Motta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.B.-F.); (I.M.)
- UOC General Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Assaad A. Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Ali T. Taher
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Maria Domenica Cappellini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.B.-F.); (I.M.)
- UOC General Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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9
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Lizarralde-Iragorri MA, Lefevre SD, Cochet S, El Hoss S, Brousse V, Filipe A, Dussiot M, Azouzi S, Le Van Kim C, Rodrigues-Lima F, Français O, Le Pioufle B, Klei T, van Bruggen R, El Nemer W. Oxidative stress activates red cell adhesion to laminin in sickle cell disease. Haematologica 2021; 106:2478-2488. [PMID: 32855277 PMCID: PMC8409043 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.261586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaso-occlusive crises are the hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD). They are believed to occur in two steps, starting with adhesion of deformable low-dense red blood cells (RBCs), or other blood cells such as neutrophils, to the wall of post-capillary venules, followed by trapping of the denser RBCs or leukocytes in the areas of adhesion because of reduced effective lumen-diameter. In SCD, RBCs are heterogeneous in terms of density, shape, deformability and surface proteins, which accounts for the differences observed in their adhesion and resistance to shear stress. Sickle RBCs exhibit abnormal adhesion to laminin mediated by Lu/BCAM protein at their surface. This adhesion is triggered by Lu/BCAM phosphorylation in reticulocytes but such phosphorylation does not occur in mature dense RBCs despite firm adhesion to laminin. In this study, we investigated the adhesive properties of sickle RBC subpopulations and addressed the molecular mechanism responsible for the increased adhesion of dense RBCs to laminin in the absence of Lu/BCAM phosphorylation. We provide evidence for the implication of oxidative stress in post-translational modifications of Lu/BCAM that impact its distribution and cis-interaction with glycophorin C at the cell surface activating its adhesive function in sickle dense RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alejandra Lizarralde-Iragorri
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sophie D. Lefevre
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Cochet
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sara El Hoss
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Valentine Brousse
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale et Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Anne Filipe
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Michael Dussiot
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS UMR8254, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Slim Azouzi
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Français
- ESYCOM, Université Gustave Eiffel, CNRS UMR 9007, ESIEE Paris, Marne-la-Vallee, France
| | - Bruno Le Pioufle
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut d'Alembert, LUMIN, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Klei
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Lab Services and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Lab Services and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wassim El Nemer
- Université de Paris, UMR S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
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10
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Endometriosis Susceptibility to Dapsone-Hydroxylamine-Induced Alterations Can Be Prevented by Licorice Intake: In Vivo and In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168476. [PMID: 34445180 PMCID: PMC8395227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis, an estrogen-dependent chronic gynecological disease, is characterized by a systemic inflammation that affects circulating red blood cells (RBC), by reducing anti-oxidant defenses. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential beneficial effects of licorice intake to protect RBCs from dapsone hydroxylamine (DDS-NHOH), a harmful metabolite of dapsone, commonly used in the treatment of many diseases. A control group (CG, n = 12) and a patient group (PG, n = 18) were treated with licorice extract (25 mg/day), for a week. Blood samples before (T0) and after (T1) treatment were analyzed for: i) band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation and high molecular weight aggregates; and ii) glutathionylation and carbonic anhydrase activity, in the presence or absence of adjunctive oxidative stress induced by DDS-NHOH. Results were correlated with plasma glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) concentrations, measured by HPLC–MS. Results showed that licorice intake decreased the level of DDS-NHOH-related oxidative alterations in RBCs, and the reduction was directly correlated with plasma GA concentration. In conclusion, in PG, the inability to counteract oxidative stress is a serious concern in the evaluation of therapeutic approaches. GA, by protecting RBC from oxidative assault, as in dapsone therapy, might be considered as a new potential tool for preventing further switching into severe endometriosis.
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11
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Naturally Acquired Antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum: Friend or Foe? Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070832. [PMID: 34357982 PMCID: PMC8308493 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are central to acquired immunity against malaria. Plasmodium falciparum elicits antibody responses against many of its protein components, but there is also formation of antibodies against different parts of the red blood cells, in which the parasites spend most of their time. In the absence of a decisive intervention such as a vaccine, people living in malaria endemic regions largely depend on naturally acquired antibodies for protection. However, these antibodies do not confer sterile immunity and the mechanisms of action are still unclear. Most studies have focused on the inhibitory effect of antibodies, but here, we review both the beneficial as well as the potentially harmful roles of naturally acquired antibodies, as well as autoantibodies formed in malaria. We discuss different studies that have sought to understand acquired antibody responses against P. falciparum antigens, and potential problems when different antibodies are combined, such as in naturally acquired immunity.
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12
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Ex Vivo Activation of Red Blood Cell Senescence by Plasma from Sickle-Cell Disease Patients: Correlation between Markers and Adhesion Consequences during Acute Disease Events. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070963. [PMID: 34208829 PMCID: PMC8301992 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion remains a key treatment for managing occlusive episodes and painful crises in sickle-cell disease (SCD). In that clinical context, red blood cells (RBCs) from donors and transfused to patients, may be affected by plasma components in the recipients’ blood. Senescence lesion markers appear on the red cells after transfusion, shortening the RBC lifespan in circulation. In the specific context of SCD, senescence signals can also trigger the occlusive painful events, typical of the disease. This work follows through our previous data that described a RBC senescence process, rapidly detected after challenge with SCD pathological plasmas. In this clinical context, we wanted here to further explore the characteristics and physiologic consequences of AA RBC lesions associated with senescence, as lesions caused by RBCs after transfusion may have adverse consequences for SCD patients. METHODS: Plasma samples from SCD patients, with acute symptoms (n = 20) or steady-state disease (n = 34) were co-incubated with donor AA RBCs from blood units for 24 to 48 h. Specific markers signing RBC senescence were quantified after the incubation with SCD plasma samples. The physiologic in-flow adhesion was investigated on senescent RBCs, an in vitro technic into biochips that mimic adherence of RBCs during the occlusive events of SCD. RESULTS: Senescence markers on AA RBCs, together with their in-flow adhesion to the plasma-bridging protein thrombospondin, were associated with the clinical status of the SCD patients from whom plasma was obtained. In these experiments, the highest values were obtained for SCD acute plasma samples. Adhesion of senescent RBCs into biochips, which is not reversed by a pre-treatment with recombinant Annexin V, can be reproduced with the use of chemical agents acting on RBC membrane channels that regulate either Ca2+ entry or modulating RBC hydration. CONCLUSION: We found that markers on red cells are correlated, and that the senescence induced by SCD plasma provokes the adhesion of RBCs to the vessel wall protein thrombospondin. In-flow adhesion of senescent red cells after plasma co-incubations can be reproduced with the use of modulators of RBC membrane channels; activating the Piezo1 Ca2+ mechanosensitive channel provokes RBC adhesion of normal (non-senescent) RBCs, while blocking the Ca2+-dependent K+ Gardos channel, can reverse it. Clinically modulating the RBC adhesion to vascular wall proteins might be a promising avenue for the treatment of painful occlusive events in SCD.
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13
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Pasciu V, Sotgiu FD, Porcu C, Berlinguer F. Effect of Media with Different Glycerol Concentrations on Sheep Red Blood Cells' Viability In Vitro. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1592. [PMID: 34071487 PMCID: PMC8228453 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of high doses of glycerol as a livestock feed supplement is followed by a rapid increase in plasma concentrations and consequently in plasma osmolality. Moreover, glycerol is a highly diffusible molecule that can readily permeate the red blood cell (RBC) membrane following a concentration gradient. A rise in glycerol plasma concentrations can thus alter RBC homeostasis. The present study aimed at investigating both glycerol osmotic effects on sheep RBCs and their oxidative response under in vitro conditions. Sheep blood samples were suspended in media supplemented with increasing glycerol concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 mg/dL), which reflected those found in vivo in previous studies, and incubated at 37 °C for 4h. Thereafter, osmolality and hemolysis were determined in spent media, while cell extracts were used to assay intracellular concentration of glycerol, ATP, Ca2+ ions, oxidative stress markers and reactive oxygen species (ROS).The study confirmed that glycerol intracellular concentrations are directly related with its concentration in the incubation media, as well as hemolysis (p < 0.001) which increased significantly at glycerol concentrations higher form 200 mg/dL. ROS intracellular level increased at all glycerol concentration tested (p < 0.01) and total thiols decreased at the highest concentrations. However, RBCs proved to be able to cope by activating their antioxidant defense system. Superoxide dismutase activity indeed increased at the highest glycerol concentrations (p < 0.001), while total antioxidant capacity and malonyldialdehyde, a typical product of lipid peroxidation by ROS, did not show significant changes. Moreover, no alterations in intracellular Ca2+ ions and ATP concentrations were found. In conclusion, glycerol-induced hemolysis can be related to the induced osmotic stress. In sheep, nutritional treatments should be designed to avoid reaching glycerol circulating concentrations higher than 200 mg/dL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pasciu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (F.D.S.); (C.P.); (F.B.)
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14
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Castro-Salguedo C, Mendez-Cuadro D, Moneriz C. Erythrocyte membrane proteins involved in the immune response to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infection. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1789-1797. [PMID: 33797613 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Invasion of Plasmodium into the red blood cell involves the interactions of a substantial number of proteins, with red cell membrane proteins as the most involved throughout the process from entry to exit. The objective of this work was to identify proteins of the human erythrocyte membrane capable of generating an antigenic response to P. falciparum and P. vivax infection, with the goal of searching for new molecular targets of interest with an immunological origin to prevent Plasmodium infection. To identify these proteins, an immunoproteomic technique was carried out in four stages: protein separation (electrophoresis), detection of antigenic proteins (western blotting), identification of proteins of interest (mass spectrometry), and interpretation of the data (bioinformatic analysis). Four proteins were identified from extracts of membrane proteins from erythrocytes infected with P. falciparum: Spectrin, Ankyrin-1, Band 3 and band 4.2, and a single protein was identified from erythrocytes infected with P. vivax: Band 3. These results demonstrate that modifications in the red blood cell membrane during infection with P. falciparum and P. vivax can generate an immune response, altering proteins of great structural and functional importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Castro-Salguedo
- Biochemistry and Diseases Research Group, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas-GIB, Universidad de San Buenaventura, Cartagena, 130010, Colombia
| | - Darío Mendez-Cuadro
- Analytical Chemistry and Biomedicine Group, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Carlos Moneriz
- Biochemistry and Diseases Research Group, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
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15
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Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S Oxidative Effects in Sheep Red Blood Cells: An In Vitro Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6621264. [PMID: 33834069 PMCID: PMC8016579 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6621264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols (BPs) are plastic components widely used worldwide and occurring in the environment. Exposure to these compounds is known to be harmful for animals and humans at different levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the oxidative effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) in sheep. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and correlated structural alterations in sheep erythrocytes were investigated in vitro. Blood samples from four ewes were collected at fasting from the jugular vein using vacuum collection tubes containing EDTA. For ROS assay in erythrocytes, blood was properly diluted and BPA or BPS was added to obtain final bisphenol concentrations in the range between 1 and 300 μM. 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF-DA) 3 μM was added to the samples, and fluorescence was read in four replicates using a microplate reader. To evaluate erythrocyte shape, blood smears of blood treated with the different concentrations of BPS and BPA were prepared. A significant increase in ROS production was observed when concentrations of BPS and BPA increased from 1 to 100 μM (p < 0.05). At the higher concentrations of the two studied BPs (300 μM of BPS and 200-300 μM of BPA), a ROS decrease was observed when compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Erythrocytes' shape alterations were observed in cells treated with BPS and BPA 200-300 μM 4 hours after the beginning of the treatment. This study confirms that BPA and BPS exhibit oxidative effects on sheep erythrocytes. At higher concentrations, BPA was able to modify erythrocytes' shape, while BPS altered their membrane as a sign of a protein clustering that could lead to eryptosis. These BPs' effects are consequent to intracellular ROS increase.
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16
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Borchert C, Herman A, Roth M, Brooks AC, Friedenberg SG. RNA sequencing of whole blood in dogs with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) reveals novel insights into disease pathogenesis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240975. [PMID: 33091028 PMCID: PMC7580939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a life-threatening autoimmune disorder characterized by a self-mediated attack on circulating red blood cells. The disease occurs naturally in both dogs and humans, but is significantly more prevalent in dogs. Because of its shared features across species, dogs offer a naturally occurring model for studying IMHA in people. In this study, we used RNA sequencing of whole blood from treatment-naïve dogs to study transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression in newly diagnosed animals compared to healthy controls. We found many overexpressed genes in pathways related to neutrophil function, coagulation, and hematopoiesis. In particular, the most highly overexpressed gene in cases was a phospholipase scramblase, which mediates the externalization of phosphatidylserine from the inner to the outer leaflet of cell membranes. This family of genes has been shown to be critically important for programmed cell death of erythrocytes as well as the initiation of the clotting cascade. Unexpectedly, we found marked underexpression of many genes related to lymphocyte function. We also identified groups of genes that are highly associated with the inflammatory response and red blood cell regeneration in affected dogs. We did not find any genes that distinguished dogs that lived vs. those that died at 30 days following diagnosis, nor did we find any relevant genomic signatures of microbial organisms in the blood of affected animals. Future studies are warranted to validate these findings and assess their implication in developing novel therapeutic approaches for dogs and humans with IMHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corie Borchert
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Adam Herman
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Megan Roth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Aimee C. Brooks
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Friedenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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17
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Bloch EM, Branch HA, Sakac D, Leger RM, Branch DR. Differential red blood cell age fractionation and Band 3 phosphorylation distinguish two different subtypes of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Transfusion 2020; 60:1856-1866. [PMID: 32750167 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) is a blood disorder characterized by the increased destruction of autologous red blood cells (RBCs) due to the presence of opsonizing pathogenic autoantibodies. Preliminary reports published more than three decades ago proposed the presence of two wAIHA subtypes: Type I, in which autoantibodies preferentially recognize the oldest, most dense RBCs; and Type II, characterized by autoantibodies that show no preference. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated patients having wAIHA for Type I and II subtype using discontinuous Percoll gradient age fractionation and direct antiglobulin test (DAT). We performed Western immunoblotting and mass spectrometry to show autoantibody specificity for Band 3. We investigated Band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation in different Percoll fractions to determine aging associated with oxidative stress. RESULTS We confirm the existence of two subtypes of wAIHA, Type I and Type II, and that autoantibodies recognize Band 3. Type I patients were characterized by five Percoll fractions, with a DAT showing IgG opsonization F1 < F5 and elevated Band 3 phosphorylation compared to healthy controls (HCs). In contrast, Type II wAIHA patients were characterized by three to four Percoll fractions, where the DAT IgG opsonization shows F1 ≥ F3/4 and Band 3 phosphorylation was absent or significantly decreased compared to HC. CONCLUSIONS Type I patients have increased Band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation that may represent accelerated aging of their RBCs resulting in exacerbation of a pathologic form of RBC senescence. Type II patients show decreased Band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation and lack the oldest, most dense RBCs suggesting premature RBC clearance and a more severe wAIHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia M Bloch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haley A Branch
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darinka Sakac
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Regina M Leger
- American Red Cross, Southern California Region, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Donald R Branch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Abdullah UYH, Ibrahim HM, Mahmud NB, Salleh MZ, Teh LK, Noorizhab MNFB, Zilfalil BA, Jassim HM, Wilairat P, Fucharoen S. Genotype-Phenotype Correlation of β-Thalassemia in Malaysian Population: Toward Effective Genetic Counseling. Hemoglobin 2020; 44:184-189. [PMID: 32586164 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2020.1781652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Effective prevention of β-thalassemia (β-thal) requires strategies to detect at-risk couples. This is the first study attempting to assess the prevalence of silent β-thal carriers in the Malaysian population. Hematological and clinical parameters were evaluated in healthy blood donors and patients with β-thal trait, Hb E (HBB: c.79G>A)/β-thal and β-thal major (β-TM). β-Globin gene sequencing was carried out for 52 healthy blood donors, 48 patients with Hb E/β-thal, 34 patients with β-TM and 38 patients with β-thal trait. The prevalence of silent β-thal carrier phenotypes found in 25.0% of healthy Malaysian blood donors indicates the need for clinician's awareness of this type in evaluating β-thal in Malaysia. Patients with β-TM present at a significantly younger age at initial diagnosis and require more blood transfusions compared to those with Hb E/β-thal. The time at which genomic DNA was extracted after blood collection, particularly from patients with β-TM and Hb E/β-thal, was found to be an important determinant of the quality of the results of the β-globin sequencing. Public education and communication campaigns are recommended as apparently healthy individuals have few or no symptoms and normal or borderline hematological parameters. β-Globin gene mutation characterization and screening for silent β-thal carriers in regions prevalent with β-thal are recommended to develop more effective genetic counseling and management of β-thal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Y H Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hishamshah M Ibrahim
- Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noraesah Binti Mahmud
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Bin Alwi Zilfalil
- Department of Paediatric, School of Medical Science, Health Campus, Univesiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Haitham Muhammed Jassim
- Department of Emergency, Rockingham Peel Group, South Metropolitan Health Service, Rockingham, Australia
| | - Prapin Wilairat
- National Doping Control Centre, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassaemia Research Centre, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom, Thailand
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19
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The Contribution of Storage Medium and Membranes in the Microwave Dielectric Response of Packed Red Blood Cells Suspension. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10051702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During cold storage, packed red blood cells (PRBCs) undergo slow detrimental changes that are collectively termed storage lesion. The aging of the cells causes alterations in the composition of the storage-medium in the PRBC unit. In this paper, we present the comparison of the dielectric response of water in the primary (fresh) storage medium (citrate phosphate dextrose adenine solution, CPDA-1) versus the storage medium from three expired units of PRBCs. Dielectric response of the water molecules has been characterized by dielectric spectroscopy technique in the microwave frequency band (0.5–40 GHz). The dominant phenomenon is the significant increase of the dielectric strength and decrease the relaxation time τ for the samples of the stored medium in comparison with the fresh medium CPDA-1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that removing the ghosts from PRBC hemolysate did not cause the alteration of the dielectric spectrum of water. Thus, the contribution associated with water located near the cell membrane can be neglected in microwave dielectric measurements.
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20
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Kitao A, Kawamoto S, Kurata K, Hayakawa I, Yamasaki T, Matsuoka H, Sumi Y, Kakeji Y, Kamesaki T, Minami H. Band 3 ectopic expression in colorectal cancer induces an increase in erythrocyte membrane-bound IgG and may cause immune-related anemia. Int J Hematol 2020; 111:657-666. [PMID: 31997080 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-02831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare comorbidity in colorectal cancer (CRC) and has an unknown etiology. Previously, we described an AIHA case secondary to CRC with ectopic band 3 expression. Herein, we investigated ectopic band 3 expression and erythrocyte membrane-bound IgG in a CRC cohort. Between September 2016 and August 2018, 50 patients with CRC and 26 healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. The expression of band 3 and SLC4A1 mRNA was observed in 97% of CRC surgical specimens. Although clinical AIHA was not observed in any patient with CRC, a direct antiglobulin test was positive in 10 of the patients in the CRC group (p = 0.01). Flow cytometry revealed significantly increased erythrocyte membrane-bound IgG among patients with CRC compared to healthy controls (mean ± standard deviation; 38.8 ± 4.7 vs. 29.9 ± 15.6, p = 0.012). Normocytic anemia was observed, including in cases negative for fecal occult blood, suggesting a shortened erythrocyte life-span due to increased membrane-bound IgG. Immunoprecipitation revealed increased anti-band 3 autoantibodies in patients' sera. Mouse experiments recapitulated this phenomenon. We also confirmed that band 3 expression is controlled by 5'AMP-activated protein kinase under hypoxic conditions. These findings increase our understanding of the etiology of cancer-related anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Kitao
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kawamoto
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Keiji Kurata
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Hayakawa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamasaki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kohnan Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuoka
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sumi
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toyomi Kamesaki
- Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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21
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Contreras N, Alvíz A. Human red blood cell polymorphisms prevalent in Colombian population and its protective role against malaria. Transfus Clin Biol 2019; 26:60-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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22
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Kawamoto S, Kamesaki T, Masutani R, Kitao A, Hatanaka K, Imakita M, Tamaki T, Takubo T. Ectopic expression of band 3 anion transport protein in colorectal cancer revealed in an autoimmune hemolytic anemia patient. Hum Pathol 2019; 83:193-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Borges da Silva H, Machado de Salles É, Lima-Mauro EF, Sardinha LR, Álvarez JM, D’Império Lima MR. CD28 deficiency leads to accumulation of germinal-center independent IgM+ experienced B cells and to production of protective IgM during experimental malaria. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202522. [PMID: 30148845 PMCID: PMC6110469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective immunity to blood-stage malaria is attributed to Plasmodium-specific IgG and effector-memory T helper 1 (Th1) cells. However, mice lacking the costimulatory receptor CD28 (CD28KO) maintain chronic parasitemia at low levels and do not succumb to infection, suggesting that other immune responses contribute to parasite control. We report here that CD28KO mice develop long-lasting non-sterile immunity and survive lethal parasite challenge. This protection correlated with a progressive increase of anti-parasite IgM serum levels during chronic infection. Serum IgM from chronically infected CD28KO mice recognize erythrocytes infected with mature parasites, and effectively control Plasmodium infection by promoting parasite lysis and uptake. These antibodies also recognize autoantigens and antigens from other pathogens. Chronically infected CD28KO mice have high numbers of IgM+ plasmocytes and experienced B cells, exhibiting a germinal-center independent Fas+GL7-CD38+CD73- phenotype. These cells are also present in chronically infected C57BL/6 mice although in lower numbers. Finally, IgM+ experienced B cells from cured C57BL/6 and CD28KO mice proliferate and produce anti-parasite IgM in response to infected erythrocytes. This study demonstrates that CD28 deficiency results in the generation of germinal-center independent IgM+ experienced B cells and the production of protective IgM during experimental malaria, providing evidence for an additional mechanism by which the immune system controls Plasmodium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Borges da Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (HBdS); (MRDL)
| | - Érika Machado de Salles
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Maria Álvarez
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina D’Império Lima
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (HBdS); (MRDL)
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24
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Barshtein G, Arbell D, Livshits L, Gural A. Is It Possible to Reverse the Storage-Induced Lesion of Red Blood Cells? Front Physiol 2018; 9:914. [PMID: 30087617 PMCID: PMC6066962 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-storage of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in the blood bank is reportedly associated with alteration in a wide range of RBC features, which change cell storage each on its own timescale. Thus, some of the changes take place at an early stage of storage (during the first 7 days), while others occur later. We still do not have a clear understanding what happens to the damaged PRBC following their transfusion. We know that some portion (from a few to 10%) of transfused cells with a high degree of damage are removed from the bloodstream immediately or in the first hour(s) after the transfusion. The remaining cells partially restore their functionality and remain in the recipient’s blood for a longer time. Thus, the ability of transfused cells to recover is a significant factor in PRBC transfusion effectiveness. In the present review, we discuss publications that examined RBC lesions induced by the cold storage, aiming to offer a better understanding of the time frame in which these lesions occur, with particular emphasis on the question of their reversibility. We argue that transfused RBCs are capable (in a matter of a few hours) of restoring their pre-storage levels of ATP and 2,3-DPG, with subsequent restoration of cell functionality, especially of those properties having a more pronounced ATP-dependence. The extent of reversal is inversely proportional to the extent of damage, and some of the changes cannot be reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Barshtein
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Arbell
- Pediatric Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leonid Livshits
- Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Department, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gural
- Blood Bank, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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25
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Mourão LC, Baptista RDP, de Almeida ZB, Grynberg P, Pucci MM, Castro-Gomes T, Fontes CJF, Rathore S, Sharma YD, da Silva-Pereira RA, Bemquerer MP, Braga ÉM. Anti-band 3 and anti-spectrin antibodies are increased in Plasmodium vivax infection and are associated with anemia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8762. [PMID: 29884876 PMCID: PMC5993813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Clearance of non-infected red blood cells (nRBCs) is one of the main components of anemia associated with Plasmodium vivax malaria. Recently, we have shown that anemic patients with P. vivax infection had elevated levels of anti-RBCs antibodies, which could enhance in vitro phagocytosis of nRBCs and decrease their deformability. Using immunoproteomics, here we characterized erythrocytic antigens that are differentially recognized by autoantibodies from anemic and non-anemic patients with acute vivax malaria. Protein spots exclusively recognized by anemic P. vivax-infected patients were identified by mass spectrometry revealing band 3 and spectrin as the main targets. To confirm this finding, antibody responses against these specific proteins were assessed by ELISA. In addition, an inverse association between hemoglobin and anti-band 3 or anti-spectrin antibodies levels was found. Anemic patients had higher levels of IgG against both band 3 and spectrin than the non-anemic ones. To determine if these autoantibodies were elicited because of molecular mimicry, we used in silico analysis and identified P. vivax proteins that share homology with human RBC proteins such as spectrin, suggesting that infection drives autoimmune responses. These findings suggest that band 3 and spectrin are potential targets of autoantibodies that may be relevant for P. vivax malaria-associated anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Carvalho Mourão
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maíra Mazzoni Pucci
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago Castro-Gomes
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Sumit Rathore
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yagya D Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Érika Martins Braga
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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26
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Ventura AMRDS, Fernandes AAM, Zanini GM, Pratt-Riccio LR, Sequeira CG, do Monte CRS, Martins-Filho AJ, Machado RLD, Libonati RMF, de Souza JM, Daniel-Ribeiro CT. Clinical and immunological profiles of anaemia in children and adolescents with Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Pará state, Brazilian Amazon. Acta Trop 2018; 181:122-131. [PMID: 29408596 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Children and adolescents are at great risk for developing iron deficiency anaemia worldwide. In the tropical areas, malaria and intestinal parasites may also play an important role in anaemia pathogenesis. This study aimed at evaluating clinical and immunological aspects of anaemia in children and adolescents with Plasmodium vivax malaria, in the Pará State, Brazil. A longitudinal study was performed in two Reference Centers for malaria diagnosis in the Brazilian Amazon in children and adolescents with malaria (n = 81), as compared to a control group (n = 40). Patients had blood drawn three times [before treatment (D0), after treatment (D7) and at the first cure control (D30)] and hemogram, autoantibody analysis (anticardiolipin, antibodies against normal RBC membrane components) and cytokine studies (TNF and IL-10) were performed. Stool samples were collected for a parasitological examination. Malaria patients had a 2.7-fold greater chance of anaemia than the control group. At D0, 66.1% of the patients had mild anaemia, 30.5% had moderate and 3.5% had severe anaemia. Positivity to intestinal helminths and/or protozoa at stool examinations had no influence on anaemia. Patients had significantly lower levels of plasmatic TNF than control individuals at D0. Low TNF levels were more prevalent among patients with moderate/severe anaemia than in those with mild anaemia and among anaemic patients than in anaemic controls. TNF levels were positively correlated with the haemoglobin rates and negatively correlated with the interval time elapsed between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis. Both plasma TNF levels and haemoglobin rates increased during the follow-up period. The IL-10 levels were lower in patients than in the controls at day 0 and decreased thereafter up to the end of treatment. Only the anti-anticardiolipin autoantibodies were associated with moderate/severe anaemia and, possibly by reacting with the parasite glycosylphosphatidylinositol (a powerful stimulator of TNF production), may have indirectly contributed to decrease the TNF levels, which could be involved in the malarial vivax anaemia of these children and adolescents. More studies addressing this issue are necessary to confirm these findings and to add more information on the multifactorial pathogenesis of the malarial anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Revoredo da Silva Ventura
- Laboratório de Ensaios Clínicos em Malária, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (IEC/MS/SVS), Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil; Serviço de Pediatria - Departamento de Saúde Integrada, Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | - Graziela Maria Zanini
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Rose Pratt-Riccio
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carina Guilhon Sequeira
- Serviço de Pediatria - Departamento de Saúde Integrada, Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | - Arnaldo Jorge Martins-Filho
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (IEC/MS/SVS), Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (IEC/MS/SVS), Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | - José Maria de Souza
- Laboratório de Ensaios Clínicos em Malária, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (IEC/MS/SVS), Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
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27
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Oikonomidou PR, Rivella S. What can we learn from ineffective erythropoiesis in thalassemia? Blood Rev 2018; 32:130-143. [PMID: 29054350 PMCID: PMC5882559 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a dynamic process regulated at multiple levels to balance proliferation, differentiation and survival of erythroid progenitors. Ineffective erythropoiesis is a key feature of various diseases, including β-thalassemia. The pathogenic mechanisms leading to ineffective erythropoiesis are complex and still not fully understood. Altered survival and decreased differentiation of erythroid progenitors are both critical processes contributing to reduced production of mature red blood cells. Recent studies have identified novel important players and provided major advances in the development of targeted therapeutic approaches. In this review, β-thalassemia is used as a paradigmatic example to describe our current knowledge on the mechanisms leading to ineffective erythropoiesis and novel treatments that may have the potential to improve the clinical phenotype of associated diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Rea Oikonomidou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group (CAMB), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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28
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Badior KE, Casey JR. Molecular mechanism for the red blood cell senescence clock. IUBMB Life 2017; 70:32-40. [PMID: 29240292 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lacking protein synthesis machinery and organelles necessary for autophagy or apoptosis, aged red blood cells (RBCs) are marked by circulating auto-antibodies for macrophage-mediated clearance. The antigen recognized by these auto-antibodies is the major protein of the RBC membrane, Band 3. To ensure regulation and specificity in clearance, the molecular "clock" must mark senescent cells in a way that differentiates them from younger cells, to prevent premature clearance. Predominant models of Band 3 senescence signaling are reviewed, and merits are discussed in light of the recently published crystal structure of the Band 3 membrane domain. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 70(1):32-40, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Badior
- Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph R Casey
- Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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29
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Jung M, Weigert A, Mertens C, Rehwald C, Brüne B. Iron Handling in Tumor-Associated Macrophages-Is There a New Role for Lipocalin-2? Front Immunol 2017; 8:1171. [PMID: 28979267 PMCID: PMC5611490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep process. Besides somatic mutations in tumor cells, stroma-associated immunity is a major regulator of tumor growth. Tumor cells produce and secrete diverse mediators to create a local microenvironment that supports their own survival and growth. It is becoming apparent that iron acquisition, storage, and release in tumor cells is different from healthy counterparts. It is also appreciated that macrophages in the tumor microenvironment acquire a tumor-supportive, anti-inflammatory phenotype that promotes tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Apparently, this behavior is attributed, at least in part, to the ability of macrophages to support tumor cells with iron. Polarization of macrophages by apoptotic tumor cells shifts the profile of genes involved in iron metabolism from an iron sequestering to an iron-release phenotype. Iron release from macrophages is supposed to be facilitated by ferroportin. However, lipid mediators such as sphingosine-1-phosphate, released form apoptotic tumor cells, upregulate lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2) in macrophages. This protein is known to bind siderophore-complexed iron and thus, may participate in iron transport in the tumor microenvironment. We describe how macrophages handle iron in the tumor microenvironment, discuss the relevance of an iron-release macrophage phenotype for tumor progression, and propose a new role for Lcn-2 in tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Jung
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Mertens
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Faculty 15, Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Rehwald
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry I, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, IME, Frankfurt, Germany
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30
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Abstract
Macrophages exert multiple important roles in iron metabolism. As scavengers, splenic and hepatic macrophages phagocytize and degrade senescent and damaged erythrocytes to recycle iron, predominantly for the production of hemoglobin in new erythrocytes. Splenic red pulp macrophages are specialized for iron recycling, with increased expression of proteins for the uptake of hemoglobin, breakdown of heme, and export of iron. Iron release from macrophages is closely regulated by the interaction of hepcidin, a peptide hormone produced by hepatocytes, with the macrophage iron exporter ferroportin. As regulators and effectors of antimicrobial host defense, macrophages employ multiple mechanisms to contain microbial infections by depriving microbes of iron. Macrophages also have an important trophic role in the bone marrow, supporting efficient erythropoiesis.
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31
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Levy E, David M, Barshtein G, Yedgar S, Livshits L, Ben Ishai P, Feldman Y. Dielectric Response of Cytoplasmic Water and Its Connection to the Vitality of Human Red Blood Cells. II. The Influence of Storage. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5273-5278. [PMID: 28453275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining an appropriate inventory of packaged blood products is a critical part of modern medicine. Consequently, the assessment of red blood cell (RBC) functionality is instrumental for the monitoring of the quality of stored RBC (sRBC) in the blood bank. We present a comprehensive study of sRBC lesion kinetics in SAGM (saline, adenine, glucose, mannitol) solution, using microwave dielectric spectroscopy (0.5-50 GHz) and cell deformability. As part of the research, we have isolated the microwave dielectric response of cytoplasmic water in sRBC. The extracted dielectric parameters are sensitive to the age of the cells and, in particular, to the critical moment of transition from discocyte to echinocyte. From the analysis of the dielectric relaxation as a function of storage-duration, we postulate that the behavior is rooted in the delicate interplay between bound and bulk water in the cellular interior. In particular, the microwave dielectric response reflects the moment when the continuous diffusion of oxygen to the cell and the oxygenation of hemoglobin affects the role played by water in the maintenance of cell integrity. These results open a possible new avenue for the noninvasive inspection of stored red blood cells, permitting a true inventory system for the modern blood bank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Levy
- Department of Applied Physics, The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Engineering and Computer Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Marcelo David
- Department of Applied Physics, The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Engineering and Computer Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Gregory Barshtein
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Saul Yedgar
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Leonid Livshits
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Paul Ben Ishai
- Department of Physics, Ariel University , P.O.B. 3, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Yuri Feldman
- Department of Applied Physics, The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Engineering and Computer Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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32
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Understanding quasi-apoptosis of the most numerous enucleated components of blood needs detailed molecular autopsy. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:46-62. [PMID: 28109836 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes are the most numerous cells in human body and their function of oxygen transport is pivotal to human physiology. However, being enucleated, they are often referred to as a sac of molecules and their cellularity is challenged. Interestingly, their programmed death stands a testimony to their cell-hood. They are capable of self-execution after a defined life span by both cell-specific mechanism and that resembling the cytoplasmic events in apoptosis of nucleated cells. Since the execution process lacks the nuclear and mitochondrial events in apoptosis, it has been referred to as quasi-apoptosis or eryptosis. Several studies on molecular mechanisms underlying death of erythrocytes have been reported. The data has generated a non-cohesive sketch of the process. The lacunae in the present knowledge need to be filled to gain deeper insight into the mechanism of physiological ageing and death of erythrocytes, as well as the effect of age of organism on RBCs survival. This would entail how the most numerous cells in the human body die and enable a better understanding of signaling mechanisms of their senescence and premature eryptosis observed in individuals of advanced age.
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33
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Morabito R, Remigante A, Cavallaro M, Taormina A, La Spada G, Marino A. Anion exchange through band 3 protein in canine leishmaniasis at different stages of disease. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:713-724. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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34
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Klei TRL, Meinderts SM, van den Berg TK, van Bruggen R. From the Cradle to the Grave: The Role of Macrophages in Erythropoiesis and Erythrophagocytosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:73. [PMID: 28210260 PMCID: PMC5288342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a highly regulated process where sequential events ensure the proper differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into, ultimately, red blood cells (RBCs). Macrophages in the bone marrow play an important role in hematopoiesis by providing signals that induce differentiation and proliferation of the earliest committed erythroid progenitors. Subsequent differentiation toward the erythroblast stage is accompanied by the formation of so-called erythroblastic islands where a central macrophage provides further cues to induce erythroblast differentiation, expansion, and hemoglobinization. Finally, erythroblasts extrude their nuclei that are phagocytosed by macrophages whereas the reticulocytes are released into the circulation. While in circulation, RBCs slowly accumulate damage that is repaired by macrophages of the spleen. Finally, after 120 days of circulation, senescent RBCs are removed from the circulation by splenic and liver macrophages. Macrophages are thus important for RBCs throughout their lifespan. Finally, in a range of diseases, the delicate interplay between macrophages and both developing and mature RBCs is disturbed. Here, we review the current knowledge on the contribution of macrophages to erythropoiesis and erythrophagocytosis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R L Klei
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Sanne M Meinderts
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
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35
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Bayer SB, Low FM, Hampton MB, Winterbourn CC. Interactions between peroxiredoxin 2, hemichrome and the erythrocyte membrane. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:1329-1339. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1241995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone B. Bayer
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Felicia M. Low
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark B. Hampton
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christine C. Winterbourn
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Free Radical Research, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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36
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Bulle S, Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Maturu P, Puvvada PK, Nallanchakravarthula V. Association between alcohol-induced erythrocyte membrane alterations and hemolysis in chronic alcoholics. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 60:63-69. [PMID: 28163384 PMCID: PMC5281527 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to understand the association between erythrocyte membrane alterations and hemolysis in chronic alcoholics. Study was conducted on human male volunteers aged between 35-45 years with a drinking history of 8-10 years. Results showed that plasma marker enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and γGT were increased in alcoholic subjects. Plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte lysate nitric oxide (NOx) levels were also increased significantly in alcoholics. Furthermore, erythrocyte membrane protein carbonyls, total cholesterol, phospholipid and cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) ratio were increased in alcoholics. SDS-PAGE analysis of erythrocyte membrane proteins revealed that increased density of band 3, protein 4.2, 4.9, actin and glycophorins, whereas glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glycophorin A showed slight increase, however, decreased ankyrin with no change in spectrins (α and β) and protein 4.1 densities were observed in alcoholics. Moreover, alcoholics red blood cells showed altered morphology with decreased resistance to osmotic hemolysis. Increased hemolysis showed strong positive association with lipid peroxidation (r = 0.703, p<0.05), protein carbonyls (r = 0.754, p<0.05), lysate NOx (r = 0.654, p<0.05) and weak association with C/P ratio (r = 0.240, p<0.05). Bottom line, increased lipid and protein oxidation, altered membrane C/P ratio and membrane cytoskeletal protein profile might be responsible for the increased hemolysis in alcoholics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saradamma Bulle
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur - 515 003, AP, India
| | - Vaddi Damodara Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur - 515 003, AP, India
| | - Pannuru Padmavathi
- Oil Technological Research Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur - 515 001, AP, India
| | - Paramahamsa Maturu
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX-77030, USA
| | - Pavan Kumar Puvvada
- DR Biosciences, Research and Development Institute, Jayanagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka - 560 011, India
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37
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Fonseca LL, Alezi HS, Moreno A, Barnwell JW, Galinski MR, Voit EO. Quantifying the removal of red blood cells in Macaca mulatta during a Plasmodium coatneyi infection. Malar J 2016; 15:410. [PMID: 27520455 PMCID: PMC4983012 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria is the most deadly parasitic disease in humans globally, and the long-time coexistence with malaria has left indelible marks in the human genome that are the causes of a variety of genetic disorders. Although anaemia is a common clinical complication of malaria, the root causes and mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of malarial anaemia are unclear and difficult to study in humans. Non-human primate (NHP) model systems enable the mechanistic study and quantification of underlying causative factors of malarial anaemia, and particularly the onset of severe anaemia. Methods Data were obtained in the course of Plasmodium coatneyi infections of malaria-naïve and semi-immune rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), whose red blood cells (RBCs) were labelled in situ with biotin at the time the infections were initiated. The data were used for a survival analysis that permitted, for the first time, an accurate estimation of the lifespan of erythrocytes in macaques. The data furthermore formed the basis for the development and parameterization of a recursive dynamic model of erythrocyte turnover, which was used for the quantification of RBC production and removal in each macaque. Results The computational analysis demonstrated that the lifespan of erythrocytes in macaques is 98 ± 21 days. The model also unambiguously showed that death due to senescence and parasitaemia is not sufficient to account for the extent of infection-induced anaemia. Specifically, the model permits, for the first time, the quantification of the different causes of RBC death, namely, normal senescence, age-independent random loss, parasitization, and bystander effects in uninfected cells. Such a dissection of the overall RBC removal process is hardly possible with experimental means alone. In the infected malaria-naïve macaques, death of erythrocytes by normal physiological senescence processes accounts for 20 % and parasitization for only 4 %, whereas bystander effects are associated with an astonishing 76 % of total RBC losses. Model-based comparisons of alternative mechanisms involved in the bystander effect revealed that most of the losses are likely due to a process of removing uninfected RBCs of all age classes and only minimally due to an increased rate of senescence of the uninfected RBCs. Conclusions A new malaria blood-stage model was developed for the analysis of data characterizing P. coatneyi infections of M. mulatta. The model used a discrete and recursive framework with age-structure that allowed the quantification of the most significant pathophysiological processes of RBC removal. The computational results revealed that the malarial anaemia caused by this parasite is mostly due to a loss of uninfected RBCs by an age-independent process. The biological identity and complete mechanism of this process is not fully understood and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis L Fonseca
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Harnel S Alezi
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alberto Moreno
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John W Barnwell
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary R Galinski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eberhard O Voit
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Malaria Host-Pathogen Interaction Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Fang Z, Jiang C, Tang J, He M, Lin X, Chen X, Han L, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Guo Y, Li H, Jiang W. A comprehensive analysis of membrane and morphology of erythrocytes from patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. J Struct Biol 2016; 194:235-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Band 3 Erythrocyte Membrane Protein Acts as Redox Stress Sensor Leading to Its Phosphorylation by p (72) Syk. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6051093. [PMID: 27034738 PMCID: PMC4806680 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In erythrocytes, the regulation of the redox sensitive Tyr phosphorylation of band 3 and its functions are still partially defined. A role of band 3 oxidation in regulating its own phosphorylation has been previously suggested. The current study provides evidences to support this hypothesis: (i) in intact erythrocytes, at 2 mM concentration of GSH, band 3 oxidation, and phosphorylation, Syk translocation to the membrane and Syk phosphorylation responded to the same micromolar concentrations of oxidants showing identical temporal variations; (ii) the Cys residues located in the band 3 cytoplasmic domain are 20-fold more reactive than GSH; (iii) disulfide linked band 3 cytoplasmic domain docks Syk kinase; (iv) protein Tyr phosphatases are poorly inhibited at oxidant concentrations leading to massive band 3 oxidation and phosphorylation. We also observed that hemichromes binding to band 3 determined its irreversible oxidation and phosphorylation, progressive hemolysis, and serine hyperphosphorylation of different cytoskeleton proteins. Syk inhibitor suppressed the phosphorylation of band 3 also preventing serine phosphorylation changes and hemolysis. Our data suggest that band 3 acts as redox sensor regulating its own phosphorylation and that hemichromes leading to the protracted phosphorylation of band 3 may trigger a cascade of events finally leading to hemolysis.
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Deroost K, Pham TT, Opdenakker G, Van den Steen PE. The immunological balance between host and parasite in malaria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 40:208-57. [PMID: 26657789 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coevolution of humans and malaria parasites has generated an intricate balance between the immune system of the host and virulence factors of the parasite, equilibrating maximal parasite transmission with limited host damage. Focusing on the blood stage of the disease, we discuss how the balance between anti-parasite immunity versus immunomodulatory and evasion mechanisms of the parasite may result in parasite clearance or chronic infection without major symptoms, whereas imbalances characterized by excessive parasite growth, exaggerated immune reactions or a combination of both cause severe pathology and death, which is detrimental for both parasite and host. A thorough understanding of the immunological balance of malaria and its relation to other physiological balances in the body is of crucial importance for developing effective interventions to reduce malaria-related morbidity and to diminish fatal outcomes due to severe complications. Therefore, we discuss in this review the detailed mechanisms of anti-malarial immunity, parasite virulence factors including immune evasion mechanisms and pathogenesis. Furthermore, we propose a comprehensive classification of malaria complications according to the different types of imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Deroost
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, NW71AA, UK
| | - Thao-Thy Pham
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Gomes LR, Martins YC, Ferreira-da-Cruz MF, Daniel-Ribeiro CT. Autoimmunity, phospholipid-reacting antibodies and malaria immunity. Lupus 2015; 23:1295-8. [PMID: 25228731 DOI: 10.1177/0961203314546021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several questions regarding the production and functioning of autoantibodies (AAb) during malaria infection remain open. Here we provide an overview of studies conducted in our laboratory that shed some light on the questions of whether antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and other AAb associated with autoimmune diseases (AID) can recognize Plasmodia antigens and exert anti-parasite activity; and whether anti-parasite phospholipid antibodies, produced in response to malaria, can inhibit phospholipid-induced inflammatory responses and protect against the pathogenesis of severe malaria. Our work showed that sera from patients with AID containing AAb against dsDNA, ssDNA, nuclear antigens (ANA), actin, cardiolipin (aCL) and erythrocyte membrane antigens recognize plasmodial antigens and can, similarly to monoclonal AAb of several specificities including phospholipid, inhibit the growth of P. falciparum in vitro. However, we did not detect a relationship between the presence of anti-glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) antibodies in the serum and asymptomatic malaria infection, although we did register a relationship between these antibodies and parasitemia levels in infected individuals. Taken together, these results indicate that autoimmune responses mediated by AAb of different specificities, including phospholipid, may have anti-plasmodial activity and protect against malaria, although it is not clear whether anti-parasite phospholipid antibodies can mediate the same effect. The potential effect of anti-parasite phospholipid antibodies in malarious patients that are prone to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus or antiphospholipid syndrome, as well as the (possibly protective?) role of the (pathogenic) aPL on the malaria symptomatology and severity in these individuals, remain open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Gomes
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro and Center for Malaria Research and Training (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro / Secretary for Health Surveillance (SVS), Ministry of Health, Brazil
| | - Y C Martins
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro and Center for Malaria Research and Training (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro / Secretary for Health Surveillance (SVS), Ministry of Health, Brazil Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, New York, USA
| | - M F Ferreira-da-Cruz
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro and Center for Malaria Research and Training (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro / Secretary for Health Surveillance (SVS), Ministry of Health, Brazil
| | - C T Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratory for Malaria Research, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro and Center for Malaria Research and Training (CPD-Mal), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro / Secretary for Health Surveillance (SVS), Ministry of Health, Brazil
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Voskou S, Aslan M, Fanis P, Phylactides M, Kleanthous M. Oxidative stress in β-thalassaemia and sickle cell disease. Redox Biol 2015; 6:226-239. [PMID: 26285072 PMCID: PMC4543215 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease and β-thalassaemia are inherited haemoglobinopathies resulting in structural and quantitative changes in the β-globin chain. These changes lead to instability of the generated haemoglobin or to globin chain imbalance, which in turn impact the oxidative environment both intracellularly and extracellularly. The ensuing oxidative stress and the inability of the body to adequately overcome it are, to a large extent, responsible for the pathophysiology of these diseases. This article provides an overview of the main players and control mechanisms involved in the establishment of oxidative stress in these haemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Voskou
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - M Aslan
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - P Fanis
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - M Phylactides
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - M Kleanthous
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Lelliott PM, McMorran BJ, Foote SJ, Burgio G. The influence of host genetics on erythrocytes and malaria infection: is there therapeutic potential? Malar J 2015. [PMID: 26215182 PMCID: PMC4517643 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As parasites, Plasmodium species depend upon their host for survival. During the blood stage of their life-cycle parasites invade and reside within erythrocytes, commandeering host proteins and resources towards their own ends, and dramatically transforming the host cell. Parasites aptly avoid immune detection by minimizing the exposure of parasite proteins and removing themselves from circulation through cytoadherence. Erythrocytic disorders brought on by host genetic mutations can interfere with one or more of these processes, thereby providing a measure of protection against malaria to the host. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the mechanistic aspects of this protection, as mediated through the parasites interaction with abnormal erythrocytes. These novel findings include the reliance of the parasite on the host enzyme ferrochelatase, and the discovery of basigin and CD55 as obligate erythrocyte receptors for parasite invasion. The elucidation of these naturally occurring malaria resistance mechanisms is increasing the understanding of the host-parasite interaction, and as discussed below, is providing new insights into the development of therapies to prevent this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Lelliott
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Brendan J McMorran
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Simon J Foote
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Gaetan Burgio
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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Role and Regulation of Glutathione Metabolism in Plasmodium falciparum. Molecules 2015; 20:10511-34. [PMID: 26060916 PMCID: PMC6272303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria in humans is caused by one of five species of obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium. P. falciparum causes the most severe disease and is responsible for 600,000 deaths annually, primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has long been suggested that during their development, malaria parasites are exposed to environmental and metabolic stresses. One strategy to drug discovery was to increase these stresses by interfering with the parasites’ antioxidant and redox systems, which may be a valuable approach to disease intervention. Plasmodium possesses two redox systems—the thioredoxin and the glutathione system—with overlapping but also distinct functions. Glutathione is the most abundant low molecular weight redox active thiol in the parasites existing primarily in its reduced form representing an excellent thiol redox buffer. This allows for an efficient maintenance of the intracellular reducing environment of the parasite cytoplasm and its organelles. This review will highlight the mechanisms that are responsible for sustaining an adequate concentration of glutathione and maintaining its redox state in Plasmodium. It will provide a summary of the functions of the tripeptide and will discuss the potential of glutathione metabolism for drug discovery against human malaria parasites.
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Shimo H, Arjunan SNV, Machiyama H, Nishino T, Suematsu M, Fujita H, Tomita M, Takahashi K. Particle Simulation of Oxidation Induced Band 3 Clustering in Human Erythrocytes. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004210. [PMID: 26046580 PMCID: PMC4457884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress mediated clustering of membrane protein band 3 plays an essential role in the clearance of damaged and aged red blood cells (RBCs) from the circulation. While a number of previous experimental studies have observed changes in band 3 distribution after oxidative treatment, the details of how these clusters are formed and how their properties change under different conditions have remained poorly understood. To address these issues, a framework that enables the simultaneous monitoring of the temporal and spatial changes following oxidation is needed. In this study, we established a novel simulation strategy that incorporates deterministic and stochastic reactions with particle reaction-diffusion processes, to model band 3 cluster formation at single molecule resolution. By integrating a kinetic model of RBC antioxidant metabolism with a model of band 3 diffusion, we developed a model that reproduces the time-dependent changes of glutathione and clustered band 3 levels, as well as band 3 distribution during oxidative treatment, observed in prior studies. We predicted that cluster formation is largely dependent on fast reverse reaction rates, strong affinity between clustering molecules, and irreversible hemichrome binding. We further predicted that under repeated oxidative perturbations, clusters tended to progressively grow and shift towards an irreversible state. Application of our model to simulate oxidation in RBCs with cytoskeletal deficiency also suggested that oxidation leads to more enhanced clustering compared to healthy RBCs. Taken together, our model enables the prediction of band 3 spatio-temporal profiles under various situations, thus providing valuable insights to potentially aid understanding mechanisms for removing senescent and premature RBCs. In order to maintain a steady internal environment, our bodies must be able to specifically recognize old and damaged red blood cells (RBCs), and remove them from the circulation in a timely manner. Clusters of membrane protein band 3, which form in response to elevated oxidative damage, serve as essential molecular markers that initiate this cell removal process. However, little is known about the details of how these clusters are formed and how their properties change under different conditions. To understand these mechanisms in detail, we developed a computational model that enables the prediction of the time course profiles of metabolic intermediates, as well as the visualization of the resulting band 3 distribution during oxidative treatment. Our model predictions were in good agreement with previous published experimental data, and provided predictive insights on the key factors of cluster formation. Furthermore, simulation experiments of the effects of multiple oxidative pulses and cytoskeletal defect using the model also suggested that clustering is enhanced under such conditions. Analyses using our model can provide hypotheses and suggest experiments to aid the understanding of the physiology of anemia-associated RBC disorders, and optimization of quality control of RBCs in stored blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Shimo
- Laboratory for Biochemical Simulation, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Machiyama
- Laboratory for Biochemical Simulation, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, Osaka, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taiko Nishino
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujita
- Laboratory for Biochemical Simulation, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, Osaka, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- Department of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Biochemical Simulation, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Bielitza M, Belorgey D, Ehrhardt K, Johann L, Lanfranchi DA, Gallo V, Schwarzer E, Mohring F, Jortzik E, Williams DL, Becker K, Arese P, Elhabiri M, Davioud-Charvet E. Antimalarial NADPH-Consuming Redox-Cyclers As Superior Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Copycats. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1337-51. [PMID: 25714942 PMCID: PMC4410756 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Early phagocytosis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient erythrocytes parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum were shown to protect G6PD-deficient populations from severe malaria. Here, we investigated the mechanism of a novel antimalarial series, namely 3-[substituted-benzyl]-menadiones, to understand whether these NADPH-consuming redox-cyclers, which induce oxidative stress, mimic the natural protection of G6PD deficiency. RESULTS We demonstrated that the key benzoylmenadione metabolite of the lead compound acts as an efficient redox-cycler in NADPH-dependent methaemoglobin reduction, leading to the continuous formation of reactive oxygen species, ferrylhaemoglobin, and subsequent haemichrome precipitation. Structure-activity relationships evidenced that both drug metabolites and haemoglobin catabolites contribute to potentiate drug effects and inhibit parasite development. Disruption of redox homeostasis by the lead benzylmenadione was specifically induced in Plasmodium falciparum parasitized erythrocytes and not in non-infected cells, and was visualized via changes in the glutathione redox potential of living parasite cytosols. Furthermore, the redox-cycler shows additive and synergistic effects in combination with compounds affecting the NADPH flux in vivo. INNOVATION The lead benzylmenadione 1c is the first example of a novel redox-active agent that mimics the behavior of a falciparum parasite developing inside a G6PD-deficient red blood cell (RBC) giving rise to malaria protection, and it exerts specific additive effects that are inhibitory to parasite development, without harm for non-infected G6PD-sufficient or -deficient RBCs. CONCLUSION This strategy offers an innovative perspective for the development of future antimalarial drugs for G6PD-sufficient and -deficient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Bielitza
- UMR 7509 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), Strasbourg, France
| | - Didier Belorgey
- UMR 7509 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), Strasbourg, France
| | - Katharina Ehrhardt
- UMR 7509 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), Strasbourg, France
- Department of Infectiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laure Johann
- UMR 7509 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), Strasbourg, France
| | - Don Antoine Lanfranchi
- UMR 7509 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentina Gallo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy
| | - Evelin Schwarzer
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy
| | - Franziska Mohring
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Esther Jortzik
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katja Becker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Paolo Arese
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy
| | - Mourad Elhabiri
- UMR 7509 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisabeth Davioud-Charvet
- UMR 7509 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), Strasbourg, France
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Silva B, Faustino P. An overview of molecular basis of iron metabolism regulation and the associated pathologies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1347-59. [PMID: 25843914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron is essential for several vital biological processes. Its deficiency or overload drives to the development of several pathologies. To maintain iron homeostasis, the organism controls the dietary iron absorption by enterocytes, its recycling by macrophages and storage in hepatocytes. These processes are mainly controlled by hepcidin, a liver-derived hormone which synthesis is regulated by iron levels, inflammation, infection, anemia and erythropoiesis. Besides the systemic regulation of iron metabolism mediated by hepcidin, cellular regulatory processes also occur. Cells are able to regulate themselves the expression of the iron metabolism-related genes through different post-transcriptional mechanisms, such as the alternative splicing, microRNAs, the IRP/IRE system and the proteolytic cleavage. Whenever those mechanisms are disturbed, due to genetic or environmental factors, iron homeostasis is disrupted and iron related pathologies may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Silva
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Faustino
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Crosstalk between red blood cells and the immune system and its impact on atherosclerosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:616834. [PMID: 25722984 PMCID: PMC4334626 DOI: 10.1155/2015/616834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic multifactorial disease of the arterial wall characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune system activation. Evidence exists on a pathogenic role of oxidized red blood cells (RBCs) accumulated in the lesion after intraplaque hemorrhage. This review reports current knowledge on the impact of oxidative stress in RBC modifications with the surface appearance of senescent signals characterized by reduced expression of CD47 and glycophorin A and higher externalization of phosphatidylserine. The review summarizes findings indicating that oxidized, senescent, or stored RBCs, due to surface antigen modification and release of prooxidant and proinflammatory molecules, exert an impaired modulatory activity on innate and adaptive immune cells and how this activity contributes to atherosclerotic disease. In particular RBCs from patients with atherosclerosis, unlike those from healthy subjects, fail to control lipopolysaccharide-induced DC maturation and T lymphocyte apoptosis. Stored RBCs, accompanied by shedding of extracellular vesicles, stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells to release proinflammatory cytokines, augment mitogen-driven T cell proliferation, and polarize macrophages toward the proinflammatory M1 activation pathway. Collectively, literature data suggest that the crosstalk between RBCs with immune cells represents a novel mechanism by which oxidative stress can contribute to atherosclerotic disease progression and may be exploited for therapeutic interventions.
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Nogueira D, Rocha S, Abreu E, Costa E, Santos-Silva A. Biochemical and cellular changes in leukocyte-depleted red blood cells stored for transfusion. Transfus Med Hemother 2014; 42:46-51. [PMID: 25960715 DOI: 10.1159/000370140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate biochemical and cellular changes associated with the storage of leukocyte-depleted red blood cells (RBCs). METHODS We investigated 10 leukocyte-depleted RBC units, randomly chosen from volunteer donors. Every week an aliquot was collected for laboratorial evaluation, which included complete cell blood count, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity, extracellular sodium, potassium and pH, membrane-bound hemoglobin (MBH), band 3 profile, and quantification of RBC membrane proteins composition. RESULTS We observed an increase in mean cell volume (from 91.86 ± 4.65 fl to 98.10 ± 5.80 fl, day 0 vs. day 21; p < 0.05), red cell distribution width, percentage of macrocytic RBCs, reticulocyte hemoglobin content and a decreased percentage of microcytic RBCs, mean cell volume concentration and G6PD activity. The extracellular concentration of sodium decreased, and that of potassium increased significantly over time. RBC membrane composition revealed an increase in spectrin/ankyrin ratio after 21 days (from 4.84 ± 0.99 to 5.27 ± 0.94, day 0 vs. day 21; p < 0.05). At day 35, a decrease in ankyrin (from 6.44 ± 1.70% to 5.49 ± 1.96%, day 0 vs. day 35; p < 0.05), in protein 4.1/band 3, protein 4.2/band 3, and ankyrin/band 3 ratios and in band 5 was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that leukocyte-depleted RBCs present changes in the RBC morphology, membrane protein composition, enzymatic activity, and extracellular electrolyte concentration and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Nogueira
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Laboratório de Hematologia, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Rocha
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; UCIBIO @ REQUIMTEUniversidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Estela Abreu
- Serviço de Imunohemoterapia, Centro Hospitalar S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elísio Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; UCIBIO @ REQUIMTEUniversidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ; UCIBIO @ REQUIMTEUniversidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Potential immune mechanisms associated with anemia in Plasmodium vivax malaria: a puzzling question. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3990-4000. [PMID: 25092911 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01972-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of malaria is complex, generating a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. One of the major complications and concerns in malaria is anemia, which is responsible for considerable morbidity in the developing world, especially in children and pregnant women. Despite its enormous health importance, the immunological mechanisms involved in malaria-induced anemia remain incompletely understood. Plasmodium vivax, one of the causative agents of human malaria, is known to induce a strong inflammatory response with a robust production of immune effectors, including cytokines and antibodies. Therefore, it is possible that the extent of the immune response not only may facilitate the parasite killing but also may provoke severe illness, including anemia. In this review, we consider potential immune effectors and their possible involvement in generating this clinical outcome during P. vivax infections.
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