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Hui X, Chijun L, Zengqi T, Jianchi M, Guozhen T, Yijin L, Zhixuan G, Qing G. Galectin-1-producing mesenchymal stem cells restrain the proliferation of T lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 39099224 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2384913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) transplantation is beneficial in treating Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study investigates the role of BMMSCs in regulating lymphocyte proliferation and cell cycle progression during SLE and delves into the contribution of BMMSC-produced galectin-1. METHODS BMMSCs were co-cultured with T lymphocytes to assess their impact on suppressing CD4+ T cells in SLE patients. Proliferation and cell cycle distribution of CD4+ T cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. The expression of cell cycle-related proteins, including p21, p27, and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), was investigated through western blotting. Extracellular and intracellular galectin-1 levels were determined via ELISA and flow cytometry. The role of galectin-1 in CD4+ T cell proliferation and cell cycle was evaluated through RNAi-mediated galectin-1 expression disruption in BMMSCs. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION BMMSCs effectively inhibited CD4+ T cell proliferation and impeded their cell cycle progression in SLE patients, concurrently resulting in a reduction in CDK2 levels and an increase in p21 and p27 expression. Moreover, BMMSCs expressed a high level of galectin-1 in the co-culture system. Galectin-1 was found to be critical in maintaining the suppressive activity of BMMSCs and restoring the cell cycle of CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that BMMSCs suppress the proliferation and influence the cell cycle of CD4+ T cells in SLE patients, an effect mediated by the upregulation of galectin-1 in BMMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Hui
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Chijun
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tang Zengqi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ma Jianchi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tan Guozhen
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Luo Yijin
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo Zhixuan
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo Qing
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Ramírez Hernández E, Hernández Zimbrón LF, Segura Pérez E, Sánchez Salgado JL, Pereyra Morales MA, Zenteno E. Galectin-9 and Tim-3 are upregulated in response to microglial activation induced by the peptide Amyloid-β (25-35). Neuropeptides 2024; 105:102426. [PMID: 38527407 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Galectins are a group of β-galactoside-binding lectins associated with regulating immunological response. In the brains of AD patients and 5xFAD (familial AD) mice, galectin-3 (Gal-3) was highly upregulated and found to be expressed in microglia associated with Aβ plaques. However, the participation of other galectins, specifically galectin-9 (Gal-9) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) receptors, are unknown in the inflammatory response. The experimental model of the Aβ25-35 peptide will allow us to study the mechanisms of neuroinflammation and describe the changes in the expression of the Gal-9 and Tim-3 receptor. This study aimed to evaluate whether Aβ25-35 peptide administration into the lateral ventricles of rats upregulated Gal-9 and Tim-3 implicated in the modulation of neuroinflammation. The vehicle or Aβ25-35 peptide (1 μg/μL) was bilaterally administered into the lateral ventricles of the rat, and control group. After the administration of the Aβ25-35 peptide, animals were tested for learning (day 29) and spatial memory (day 30) in the novel object recognition test (NOR). On day 31, hippocampus was examined for morphological changes by Nilss stain, biochemical changes by NO2 and MDA, immunohistochemical analysis by astrocytes (GFAP), microglia (Iba1), Gal-9 and Tim-3, and western blot. Our results show the administration of the Aβ25-35 peptide into the lateral ventricles of rats induce memory impairment in the NOR by increases the oxidative stress and inflammatory response. This result is associated with an upregulation of Gal-9 and Tim-3 predominantly detected in the microglia cells of Aβ25-35-treated rats with respect to the control group. Gal-9 and Tim-3 are upregulated in activated microglia that could modulate the inflammatory response and damage in neurodegenerative processes induced by the Aβ25-35 peptide. Therefore, we suggest that Gal-9 and Tim-3 participate in the inflammatory process induced by the administration of the Aβ25-35 peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Ramírez Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Emmanuel Segura Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Sánchez Salgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mohamed Ali Pereyra Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Yoshida S, Koga T, Fujita Y, Yatsuhashi H, Matsumoto H, Sumichika Y, Saito K, Sato S, Asano T, Kobayakawa M, Ohira H, Mizokami M, Sugiyama M, Migita K. Serum Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer and galectin-3 levels in adult-onset Still's disease and their association with cytokines. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385654. [PMID: 38711500 PMCID: PMC11073344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Autoinflammation with cytokine dysregulation may be implicated in the pathophysiology of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD); however, the relationship between galectins and cytokines in patients with active AOSD remains unknown. We aimed to examine the relationship between circulating cytokines/chemokines and galectin-3 (Gal-3) or its ligand, Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi), in Japanese patients with AOSD. Methods We recruited 44 consecutive patients diagnosed with AOSD according to the Yamaguchi criteria, 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as disease controls, and 27 healthy participants. Serum M2BPGi levels were directly measured using a HISCL M2BPGi reagent kit and an automatic immunoanalyzer (HISCL-5000). Serum Gal-3 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The serum levels of 69 cytokines were analyzed in patients with AOSD using a multi-suspension cytokine array. We performed a cluster analysis of each cytokine expressed in patients with AOSD to identify specific molecular networks. Results Significant increases in the serum concentrations of Gal-3 and M2BPGi were found in the serum of patients with AOSD compared with patients with RA and healthy participants (both p <0.001). There were significant positive correlations between serum Gal-3 levels and AOSD disease activity score (Pouchot score, r=0.66, p <0.001) and serum ferritin levels. However, no significant correlations were observed between serum M2BPGi levels and AOSD disease activity scores (Pouchot score, r = 0.32, p = 0.06) or serum ferritin levels. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between the serum levels of Gal-3 and various inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-18, in patients with AOSD. Immunosuppressive treatment in patients with AOSD significantly reduced serum Gal-3 and M2BPGi levels (p = 0.03 and 0.004, respectively). Conclusions Although both Gal-3 and M2BPGi were elevated in patients with AOSD, only Gal-3 was a useful biomarker for predicting disease activity in AOSD. Our findings suggest that circulating Gal-3 reflects the inflammatory component of AOSD, which corresponds to proinflammatory cytokine induction through inflammasome activation cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yoshida
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Koga
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuhashi
- Department of Hepatology, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Haruki Matsumoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuya Sumichika
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Saito
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shuzo Sato
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Asano
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masao Kobayakawa
- Department of Endoscopy, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
- Medical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Department of Viral Pathogenesis and Controls, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Migita
- Department of Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Japan
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Sotoudeheian M, Mirahmadi SMS, Pirhayati M, Azarbad R, Nematollahi S, Taghizadeh M, Pazoki-Toroudi H. Understanding the Role of Galectin-1 in Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:CCR-EPUB-137063. [PMID: 38192129 PMCID: PMC11071677 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x274886231227111902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the fastest-growing cardiovascular condition worldwide. The immune system may play a role in the development of HF since this condition is associated with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. HF is a life-threatening disease, and there is an increasing demand for diagnostic biomarkers, prognostic factors, and therapeutic agents that can help treat it. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is the prototype galectin of the lectin family. Multiple signal transduction pathways are regulated by Ras proteins, which act as a molecular switch in cells. Gal-1 regulates T and B cell activation, differentiation, and survival. Gal-1 has been linked to inflammation. Activated T cells produce Gal-1 through an autocrine apoptotic mechanism involving MEK1/ERK and p38 MAPK. In the cardiovascular system, atherosclerosis is facilitated by Gal-1. Heart disease, myocardial infarction, hypertension, and stroke can be caused by atherosclerotic plaque. HF and heart hypertrophy are caused by decreased cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel activity. Deregulation of Gal-1 and CaV1.2 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy suggests a possible target for anti-hypertrophic therapy. Rat hypertrophic cardiomyocytes express Gal-1 and CaV1.2 channels simultaneously. It has been reported that diastolic dysfunction (DD) is associated with elevated Gal-1 levels. The high Gal-1 level in subjects led to the lowest cumulative survival as a composite endpoint. Incidences of HF, DD, and serum Gal-1 levels correlated significantly. The ejection fraction was negatively correlated with Gal-1 and CRP concentrations. Based on two different approaches in mice and humans, Gal-1 was identified as a potential mediator of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadjavad Sotoudeheian
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Pirhayati
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Azarbad
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Taghizadeh
- Cardiology Resident, Department of Cardiology, Shahid Madani Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Woś J, Szymańska A, Lehman N, Chocholska S, Zarobkiewicz M, Pożarowski P, Bojarska-Junak A. Can Galectin-3 Be a Novel Biomarker in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia? Cells 2023; 13:30. [PMID: 38201234 PMCID: PMC10778116 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3's (Gal-3) effect on the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has not yet been extensively studied. The present study aims to analyze the potential role of Gal-3 as a prognostic biomarker in CLL patients. The Gal-3 expression was evaluated in CLL cells with RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. Due to the unclear clinical significance of soluble Gal-3 in CLL, our goal was also to assess the prognostic value of Gal-3 plasma level. Because cell survival is significantly affected by the interaction between Gal-3 and proteins such as Bcl-2, the results of Gal-3 expression analysis were also compared with the expression of Bcl-2. The results were analyzed for known prognostic factors, clinical data, and endpoints such as time to first treatment and overall survival time. Our research confirmed that Gal-3 is detected in and on CLL cells. However, using Gal-3 as a potential biomarker in CLL is challenging due to the significant heterogeneity in its expression in CLL cells. Moreover, our results revealed that Gal-3 mRNA expression in leukemic B cells is associated with the expression of proliferation markers (Ki-67 and PCNA) as well as anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and can play an important role in supporting CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Woś
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.S.); (N.L.); (M.Z.); (P.P.)
| | - Agata Szymańska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.S.); (N.L.); (M.Z.); (P.P.)
| | - Natalia Lehman
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.S.); (N.L.); (M.Z.); (P.P.)
| | - Sylwia Chocholska
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Zarobkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.S.); (N.L.); (M.Z.); (P.P.)
| | - Piotr Pożarowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.S.); (N.L.); (M.Z.); (P.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Bojarska-Junak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.W.); (A.S.); (N.L.); (M.Z.); (P.P.)
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Zaborska B, Sikora-Frąc M, Smarż K, Pilichowska-Paszkiet E, Budaj A, Sitkiewicz D, Sygitowicz G. The Role of Galectin-3 in Heart Failure-The Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential-Where Do We Stand? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13111. [PMID: 37685918 PMCID: PMC10488150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an important factor in the pathophysiology of HF, mainly due to its role in cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and ventricular remodeling. Fibrosis is a hallmark of cardiac remodeling, HF, and atrial fibrillation development. This review aims to explore the involvement of Gal-3 in HF and its role in the pathogenesis and clinical diagnostic and prognostic significance. We report data on Gal-3 structure and molecular mechanisms of biological function crucial for HF development. Over the last decade, numerous studies have shown an association between echocardiographic and CMR biomarkers in HF and Gal-3 serum concentration. We discuss facts and concerns about Gal-3's utility in acute and chronic HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction for diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification. Finally, we present attempts to use Gal-3 as a therapeutic target in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zaborska
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Sikora-Frąc
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Smarż
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Ewa Pilichowska-Paszkiet
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrzej Budaj
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Dariusz Sitkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Grażyna Sygitowicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (G.S.)
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Salikhova DI, Golovicheva VV, Fatkhudinov TK, Shevtsova YA, Soboleva AG, Goryunov KV, Dyakonov AS, Mokroysova VO, Mingaleva NS, Shedenkova MO, Makhnach OV, Kutsev SI, Chekhonin VP, Silachev DN, Goldshtein DV. Therapeutic Efficiency of Proteins Secreted by Glial Progenitor Cells in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12341. [PMID: 37569717 PMCID: PMC10419112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries account for 30-50% of all physical traumas and are the most common pathological diseases of the brain. Mechanical damage of brain tissue leads to the disruption of the blood-brain barrier and the massive death of neuronal, glial, and endothelial cells. These events trigger a neuroinflammatory response and neurodegenerative processes locally and in distant parts of the brain and promote cognitive impairment. Effective instruments to restore neural tissue in traumatic brain injury are lacking. Glial cells are the main auxiliary cells of the nervous system, supporting homeostasis and ensuring the protection of neurons through contact and paracrine mechanisms. The glial cells' secretome may be considered as a means to support the regeneration of nervous tissue. Consequently, this study focused on the therapeutic efficiency of composite proteins with a molecular weight of 5-100 kDa secreted by glial progenitor cells in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. The characterization of proteins below 100 kDa secreted by glial progenitor cells was evaluated by proteomic analysis. Therapeutic effects were assessed by neurological outcomes, measurement of the damage volume by MRI, and an evaluation of the neurodegenerative, apoptotic, and inflammation markers in different areas of the brain. Intranasal infusions of the composite protein product facilitated the functional recovery of the experimental animals by decreasing the inflammation and apoptotic processes, preventing neurodegenerative processes by reducing the amounts of phosphorylated Tau isoforms Ser396 and Thr205. Consistently, our findings support the further consideration of glial secretomes for clinical use in TBI, notably in such aspects as dose-dependent effects and standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I. Salikhova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.K.F.); (A.G.S.); (M.O.S.); (D.V.G.)
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Victoria V. Golovicheva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Timur Kh. Fatkhudinov
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.K.F.); (A.G.S.); (M.O.S.); (D.V.G.)
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Shevtsova
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna G. Soboleva
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.K.F.); (A.G.S.); (M.O.S.); (D.V.G.)
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Goryunov
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.S.); (K.V.G.)
| | - Alexander S. Dyakonov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Victoria O. Mokroysova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Natalia S. Mingaleva
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Margarita O. Shedenkova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.K.F.); (A.G.S.); (M.O.S.); (D.V.G.)
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Oleg V. Makhnach
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Sergey I. Kutsev
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
| | - Vladimir P. Chekhonin
- Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry, 119034 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry V. Goldshtein
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (T.K.F.); (A.G.S.); (M.O.S.); (D.V.G.)
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.D.); (V.O.M.); (N.S.M.); (O.V.M.); (S.I.K.)
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Yang N, Zhang N, Wang Z, Cao W, He X, Zhang W, Xing Y. Galectin-1-dependent ceRNA network in HRMECs revealed its association with retinal neovascularization. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:327. [PMID: 37322431 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal neovascularization (RNV) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks play vital roles in angiogenesis. The RNA-binding protein galectin-1 (Gal-1) participates in pathological RNV in oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse models. However, the molecular associations between Gal-1 and lncRNAs remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore the potential mechanism of action of Gal-1 as an RNA-binding protein. RESULTS A comprehensive network of Gal-1, ceRNAs, and neovascularization-related genes was constructed based on transcriptome chip data and bioinformatics analysis of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). We also conducted functional enrichment and pathway enrichment analyses. Fourteen lncRNAs, twenty-nine miRNAs, and eleven differentially expressed angiogenic genes were included in the Gal-1/ceRNA network. Additionally, the expression of six lncRNAs and eleven differentially expressed angiogenic genes were validated by qPCR in HRMECs with or without siLGALS1. Several hub genes, such as NRIR, ZFPM2-AS1, LINC0121, apelin, claudin-5, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, were found to potentially interact with Gal-1 via the ceRNA axis. Furthermore, Gal-1 may be involved in regulating biological processes related to chemotaxis, chemokine-mediated signaling, the immune response, and the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS The Gal-1/ceRNA axis identified in this study may play a vital role in RNV. This study provides a foundation for the continued exploration of therapeutic targets and biomarkers associated with RNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ningzhi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Wenye Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xuejun He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Wenxi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Yiqiao Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Yu X, Qian J, Ding L, Yin S, Zhou L, Zheng S. Galectin-1: A Traditionally Immunosuppressive Protein Displays Context-Dependent Capacities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076501. [PMID: 37047471 PMCID: PMC10095249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin–Carbohydrate interactions are indispensable to pathogen recognition and immune response. Galectin-1, a ubiquitously expressed 14-kDa protein with an evolutionarily conserved β-galactoside binding site, translates glycoconjugate recognition into function. That galectin-1 is demonstrated to induce T cell apoptosis has led to substantial attention to the immunosuppressive properties of this protein, such as inducing naive immune cells to suppressive phenotypes, promoting recruitment of immunosuppressing cells as well as impairing functions of cytotoxic leukocytes. However, only in recent years have studies shown that galectin-1 appears to perform a pro-inflammatory role in certain diseases. In this review, we describe the anti-inflammatory function of galectin-1 and its possible mechanisms and summarize the existing therapies and preclinical efficacy relating to these agents. In the meantime, we also discuss the potential causal factors by which galectin-1 promotes the progression of inflammation.
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10
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Ezhilarasan D. Unraveling the pathophysiologic role of galectin-3 in chronically injured liver. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:673-686. [PMID: 36745560 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) previously referred to as S-type lectins, is a soluble protein that specifically binds to β-galactoside carbohydrates with high specificity. Gal-3 plays a pivotal role in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation, inflammation, differentiation, angiogenesis, transformation and apoptosis, pre-mRNA splicing, metabolic syndromes, fibrosis, and host defense. The role of Gal-3 has also been implicated in liver diseases. Gal-3 is activated upon a hepatotoxic insult to the liver and its level has been shown to be upregulated in fatty liver diseases, inflammation, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cholangitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Gal-3 directly interacts with the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3, and activates the inflammasome in macrophages of the liver. In the chronically injured liver, Gal-3 secreted by injured hepatocytes and immune cells, activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in a paracrine fashion to acquire a myofibroblast like collagen-producing phenotype. Activated HSCs in the fibrotic liver secrete Gal-3 which acts via autocrine signaling to exacerbate extracellular matrix synthesis and fibrogenesis. In the stromal microenvironment, Gal-3 activates cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and metastasis. Clinically, increased serum levels and Gal-3 expression were observed in the liver tissue of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrotic/cirrhotic, and HCC patients. The pathological role of Gal-3 has been experimentally and clinically reported in the progression of chronic liver disease. Therefore, this review discusses the pathological role of Gal-3 in the progression of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Jiang Z, Zhang W, Sha G, Wang D, Tang D. Galectins Are Central Mediators of Immune Escape in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225475. [PMID: 36428567 PMCID: PMC9688059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers and is highly immune tolerant. Although there is immune cell infiltration in PDAC tissues, most of the immune cells do not function properly and, therefore, the prognosis of PDAC is very poor. Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are intimately involved in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells and, in particular, play a crucial role in the immune evasion of tumor cells. Galectins induce abnormal functions and reduce numbers of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), natural killer cells (NK), T cells and B cells. It further promotes fibrosis of tissues surrounding PDAC, enhances local cellular metabolism, and ultimately constructs tumor immune privileged areas to induce immune evasion behavior of tumor cells. Here, we summarize the respective mechanisms of action played by different Galectins in the process of immune escape from PDAC, focusing on the mechanism of action of Galectin-1. Galectins cause imbalance between tumor immunity and anti-tumor immunity by coordinating the function and number of immune cells, which leads to the development and progression of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengting Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Gengyu Sha
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18952783556
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12
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Omran F, Kyrou I, Osman F, Lim VG, Randeva HS, Chatha K. Cardiovascular Biomarkers: Lessons of the Past and Prospects for the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105680. [PMID: 35628490 PMCID: PMC9143441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major healthcare burden on the population worldwide. Early detection of this disease is important in prevention and treatment to minimise morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers are a critical tool to either diagnose, screen, or provide prognostic information for pathological conditions. This review discusses the historical cardiac biomarkers used to detect these conditions, discussing their application and their limitations. Identification of new biomarkers have since replaced these and are now in use in routine clinical practice, but still do not detect all disease. Future cardiac biomarkers are showing promise in early studies, but further studies are required to show their value in improving detection of CVD above the current biomarkers. Additionally, the analytical platforms that would allow them to be adopted in healthcare are yet to be established. There is also the need to identify whether these biomarkers can be used for diagnostic, prognostic, or screening purposes, which will impact their implementation in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Omran
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Faizel Osman
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ven Gee Lim
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Harpal Singh Randeva
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Kamaljit Chatha
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Correspondence:
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13
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Markovic SS, Gajovic N, Jurisevic M, Jovanovic M, Jovicic BP, Arsenijevic N, Mijailovic Z, Jovanovic M, Dolicanin Z, Jovanovic I. Galectin-1 as the new player in staging and prognosis of COVID-19. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1272. [PMID: 35075140 PMCID: PMC8786829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new virus from the group of coronaviruses was identified as the cause of atypical pneumonia and called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and disease called Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). During the cytokine storm, the main cause of the death, proinflammatory cytokines are released which stimulate further tissue destruction. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in many immune and inflammatory processes and its role in COVID-19 is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine systemic values of Gal-1 and correlations between Gal-1 and proinflammatory cytokines and clinical parameters during COVID-19 progression. This is observational and cross-sectional study. 210 COVID-19 patients were included and divided into mild, severe or critical group according to COVID-19 severity. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-23, IL-33 and Gal-1 were measured using sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Systemic levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-23, IL-33 and Gal-1 were significantly higher in stage III of COVID-19 patients compared to stage I and II. There were no significant differences in the ratio between Gal-1 and IL-10 with proinflammatory cytokines. Positive correlation was detected between Gal-1 and IL-1β, IL6, IL-10, IL-23 and IL-33. Gal-1 positively correlated with chest radiographic finding, dry cough and headache and negatively correlated with normal breathing sound. Linear regression model and ROC curve analysis point on Gal-1 as significant predictor for COVID-19 severity. Presented results implicate on Gal-1 and IL-10 dependent immunomodulation. The precise mechanism of Gal-1 effect in COVID-19 and its potential as a stage marker of disease severity is still to be clarified.
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Grants
- 175069 the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia (CIBIRDS), Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, project with PR China (06/2018).
- 175069 the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia (CIBIRDS), Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, project with PR China (06/2018).
- 175069 the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia (CIBIRDS), Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, project with PR China (06/2018).
- 175069 the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia (CIBIRDS), Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, project with PR China (06/2018).
- 175069 the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia (CIBIRDS), Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, project with PR China (06/2018).
- 175069 the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia (CIBIRDS), Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, project with PR China (06/2018).
- 175069 the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia (CIBIRDS), Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, project with PR China (06/2018).
- 175069 the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia (CIBIRDS), Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, project with PR China (06/2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofija Sekulic Markovic
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Gajovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena Jurisevic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Jovanovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Popovska Jovicic
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Public Health Institute Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zeljko Mijailovic
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Jovanovic
- Department of Otorinolaringology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zana Dolicanin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, 36300, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
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14
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Borovcanin MM, Vesic K, Jovanovic M, Mijailovic NR. Galectin-3 possible involvement in antipsychotic-induced metabolic changes of schizophrenia: A minireview. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1731-1739. [PMID: 34754374 PMCID: PMC8554363 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, specific immunometabolic profiles have been postulated in patients with schizophrenia, even before full-blown disease and independent of antipsychotic treatment. Proteomic profiling studies offer a promising potential for elucidating the cellular and molecular pathways that may be involved in the onset and progression of schizophrenia symptoms, and co-occurrent metabolic changes. In view of all this, we were intrigued to explore galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a glycan, and in our previous study, we measured its elevated levels in remission of schizophrenia. The finding may be a consequence of antipsychotic treatment and may have an impact on the onset of inflammation, the development of obesity, and the presumed cognitive changes in schizophrenia. In the animal study, it was shown that downregulation of Gal-3 was beneficial in insulin regulation of obesity and cognitive preservation. Strategies involving plasma exchange are discussed in this review, particularly in the context of Gal-3 elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica M Borovcanin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac 34000, Sumadija, Serbia
| | - Katarina Vesic
- Department of Neurology, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac 34000, Sumadija, Serbia
| | - Milena Jovanovic
- PhD Studies, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac 34000, Sumadija, Serbia
- Clinic for Nephrology and Dialysis, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Sumadija, Serbia
| | - Natasa R Mijailovic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac 34000, Sumadija, Serbia
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15
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He YS, Hu YQ, Xiang K, Chen Y, Feng YT, Yin KJ, Huang JX, Wang J, Wu ZD, Wang GH, Pan HF. Therapeutic potential of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in autoimmune diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:36-45. [PMID: 34579628 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210927164935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a highly conserved protein family that binds to β-galactosides. Different members of this family play a variety of biological functions in physiological and pathological processes such as angiogenesis, regulation of immune cell activity, and cell adhesion. Galectins are widely distributed and play a vital role both inside and outside cells. It can regulate homeostasis and immune function in vivo through mechanisms such as apoptosis. Recent studies indicate that galectins exhibit pleiotropic roles in inflammation. Furthermore, emerging studies have found that galectins are involved in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes (T1D) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) by regulating cell adhesion, apoptosis, and other mechanisms. This review will briefly discuss the biological characteristics of the two most widely expressed and extensively explored members of the galectin family, galectin-1 and galectin-3, as well as their pathogenetic and therapeutic roles in autoimmune diseases. These information may provide a novel and promising therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Yu-Qian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Ya-Ting Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Kang-Jia Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Ji-Xiang Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Zheng-Dong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Gui-Hong Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui. China
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16
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Chen PK, Lan JL, Huang PH, Hsu JL, Chang CK, Tien N, Lin HJ, Chen DY. Interleukin-18 Is a Potential Biomarker to Discriminate Active Adult-Onset Still's Disease From COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:719544. [PMID: 34367188 PMCID: PMC8343229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperinflammation with dysregulated production of galectins and cytokines may develop in COVID-19 or adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD). Given the similar clinical features in both diseases, it is necessary to identify biomarkers that can differentiate COVID-19 from AOSD. However, the related data remain scarce currently. Methods In this cross-sectional study, plasma levels of galectin-3, galectin-9, and soluble TIM-3 (sTIM-3) were determined by ELISA in 55 COVID-19 patients (31 non-severe and 24 severe), 23 active AOSD patients, and 31 healthy controls (HC). The seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 was examined using an immunochromatographic assay, and cytokine profiles were determined with the MULTIPLEX platform. Results Significantly higher levels of galectin-3, galectin-9, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-10, IFN-α2, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α were observed in severe COVID-19 and active AOSD patients compared with HC (all p<0.001). AOSD, but not COVID-19, showed significantly higher IFN-γ and IL-17A compared with HC (both p<0.01). Moreover, active AOSD patients had 68-fold higher IL-18 levels and 5-fold higher ferritin levels than severe COVID-19 patients (both p<0.001). IL-18 levels at the cut-off value 190.5pg/mL had the highest discriminative power for active AOSD and severe COVID-19, with AUC 0.948, sensitivity 91.3%, specificity 95.8%, and accuracy of 91.5% (p<0.005). Multivariate regression analysis revealed IL-18 as a significant predictor of active AOSD (p<0.05). Conclusion Active AOSD patients share features of hyperinflammation and cytokine storm with severe COVID-19 patients but possess a distinct cytokine profile, including elevated IL-18, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-17A. IL-18 is a potential discriminator between AOSD and COVID-19 and may significantly predict active AOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ku Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Joung-Liang Lan
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Huang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Lin Hsu
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Kun Chang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ni Tien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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17
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Stochmal A, Czuwara J, Zaremba M, Rudnicka L. Metabolic mediators determine the association of antinuclear antibody subtypes with specific clinical symptoms in systemic sclerosis. Adv Med Sci 2021; 66:119-127. [PMID: 33494024 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the possible link between different types of systemic sclerosis-specific antinuclear antibodies, adipokines and endothelial molecules which were recently found to have a pathogenic significance in systemic sclerosis. MATERIALS/METHODS Serum concentration of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, endothelin-1, fractalkine and galectin-3 were determined in the sera of patients with systemic sclerosis (n = 100) and healthy controls (n = 20) using ELISA. RESULTS The following associations between antinuclear antibodies and increased serum concentrations were identified: anticentromere antibodies with endothelin-1 (p < 0.0001; mean level in patients 2.21 vs control group 1.31 pg/ml), anti-topoisomerase I antibodies with fractalkine (p < 0.0001; 3.68 vs 1.68 ng/ml) and galectin-3 (p = 0.0010, 6.39 vs 3.26 ng/ml). Anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies were associated with increased resistin (p < 0.0001; 15.13 vs 8.54 ng/ml) and decreased adiponectin (p < 0.0001; 2894 vs 8847 ng/ml). CONCLUSION In systemic sclerosis metabolic and vascular factors may serve as mediators between immunological abnormalities and non-immune driven clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stochmal
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Czuwara
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Zaremba
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
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18
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Bianchi S, Martínez Allo VC, Massimino M, Lavignolle Heguy MDR, Borzone FR, Gomez Bustillo S, Chasseing NA, Libertun C, Montaner AD, Rabinovich GA, Toscano MA, Lux-Lantos VA, Bianchi MS. Oligonucleotide IMT504 Improves Glucose Metabolism and Controls Immune Cell Mediators in Female Diabetic NOD Mice. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 31:155-171. [PMID: 33347786 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes occurs as a consequence of progressive autoimmune destruction of beta cells. A potential treatment for this disease should address the immune attack on beta cells and their preservation/regeneration. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether the immunomodulatory synthetic oligonucleotide IMT504 was able to ameliorate diabetes in NOD mice and to provide further understanding of its mechanism of action. We found that IMT504 restores glucose homeostasis in a diabetes mouse model similar to human type 1 diabetes, by regulating expression of immune modulatory factors and improving beta cell function. IMT504 treatment markedly improved fasting glycemia, insulinemia, and homeostatic model assessment of beta cell function (HOMA-Beta cell) index. Moreover, this treatment increased islet number and decreased apoptosis, insulitis, and CD45+ pancreas-infiltrating leukocytes. In a long-term treatment, we observed improvement of glucose metabolism up to 9 days after IMT504 cessation and increased survival after 15 days of the last IMT504 injection. We postulate that interleukin (IL)-12B (p40), possibly acting as a homodimer, and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) may function as mediators of this immunomodulatory action. Overall, these results validate the therapeutic activity of IMT504 as a promising drug for type 1 diabetes and suggest possible downstream mediators of its immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Bianchi
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica C Martínez Allo
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Milena Massimino
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Del R Lavignolle Heguy
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco R Borzone
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Gomez Bustillo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología César Milstein-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Fundación Pablo Cassará, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma A Chasseing
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Libertun
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro D Montaner
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología César Milstein-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Fundación Pablo Cassará, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departmento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta A Toscano
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria A Lux-Lantos
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Bianchi
- Laboratoio de Neuroendocrinología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Gruszewska E, Cylwik B, Gińdzieńska-Sieśkiewicz E, Kowal-Bielecka O, Mroczko B, Chrostek L. Diagnostic Power of Galectin-3 in Rheumatic Diseases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103312. [PMID: 33076422 PMCID: PMC7602543 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of our study was to assess the diagnostic power of galectin-3 and compare its between rheumatic diseases and with routinely used tests such as CRP and ESR. Methods: Eighty-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 49 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), and 18 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were enrolled in this study. The control group comprised 30 healthy controls. Serum galectin-3 concentration was measured using immunochemical method. Results: The galectin-3 concentration were significantly elevated in the RA, SSc, and SLE in comparison to the controls (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p < 0.001; respectively). However, there were no significant differences in the serum galectin-3 levels between rheumatic diseases (H = 0.395, p = 0.821). In RA and SSc patients, galectin-3 positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (R = 0.332, p = 0.004; R = 0.384, p = 0.009; respectively). ROC analysis revealed that galectin-3 had an excellent diagnostic power in RA (AUC = 0.911) and SSc (AUC = 0.903) and very good for SLE (AUC = 0.859). Conclusion: We concluded that diagnostic power of serum galectin-3 is as great as CRP and ESR in rheumatic diseases and it can be a very good laboratory marker in RA and SSc patients and a useful tool in the diagnosis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gruszewska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona St. 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (B.M.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-831-85-87
| | - Bogdan Cylwik
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona St. 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Ewa Gińdzieńska-Sieśkiewicz
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (E.G.-S.); (O.K.-B.)
| | - Otylia Kowal-Bielecka
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (E.G.-S.); (O.K.-B.)
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona St. 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (B.M.); (L.C.)
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona St. 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Lech Chrostek
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona St. 15A, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (B.M.); (L.C.)
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20
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Hara A, Niwa M, Kanayama T, Noguchi K, Niwa A, Matsuo M, Kuroda T, Hatano Y, Okada H, Tomita H. Galectin-3: A Potential Prognostic and Diagnostic Marker for Heart Disease and Detection of Early Stage Pathology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091277. [PMID: 32899694 PMCID: PMC7565392 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of molecular biomarkers for the early detection of heart disease, before their onset of symptoms, is an attractive novel approach. Ideal molecular biomarkers, those that are both sensitive and specific to heart disease, are likely to provide a much earlier diagnosis, thereby providing better treatment outcomes. Galectin-3 is expressed by various immune cells, including mast cells, histiocytes and macrophages, and plays an important role in diverse physiological functions. Since galectin-3 is readily expressed on the cell surface, and is readily secreted by injured and inflammatory cells, it has been suggested that cardiac galectin-3 could be a marker for cardiac disorders such as cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, depending on the specific pathogenesis. Thus, galectin-3 may be a novel candidate biomarker for the diagnosis, analysis and prognosis of various cardiac diseases, including heart failure. The goals of heart disease treatment are to prevent acute onset and to predict their occurrence by using the ideal molecular biomarkers. In this review, we discuss and summarize recent developments of galectin-3 as a next-generation molecular biomarker of heart disease. Furthermore, we describe how galectin-3 may be useful as a diagnostic marker for detecting the early stages of various heart diseases, which may contribute to improved early therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-230-6225
| | - Masayuki Niwa
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Tomohiro Kanayama
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Kei Noguchi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Mikiko Matsuo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Takahiro Kuroda
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
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21
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Liao YH, Teng MS, Juang JMJ, Chiang FT, Er LK, Wu S, Ko YL. Genetic determinants of circulating galectin-3 levels in patients with coronary artery disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1370. [PMID: 32573962 PMCID: PMC7507567 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin‐3 plays a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation. The aim of this study was to elucidate the association between LGALS3 genotypes, galectin‐3 levels, and inflammatory marker levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Results A total of 474 patients with CAD were enrolled. Significant correlations were discerned between galectin‐3 levels and leukocyte counts, C‐reactive protein, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels (all p < .05). The LGALS3 rs2274273, rs4644, rs4652 genotypes, and haplotypes CAC, CCC, and ACT exhibited a significant association with galectin‐3 levels (for genotypes, p = 1.05 × 10−25, 3.54 × 10−25, and 2.74 × 10−7, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed LGALS3 rs2274273 and rs4644 genotypes contributing to 20.8% variation of galectin‐3 levels. However, there was no association between LGALS3 genotypes and other inflammatory marker levels. Conclusions Our data showed strong genetic determinants of galectin‐3 levels in patients with CAD. The galectin‐3 levels, but not LGALS3 genotypes, were associated with multiple inflammatory marker levels. Further study may be necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanism of galectin‐3 in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huang Liao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Teng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming J Juang
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tien Chiang
- Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Leay-Kiaw Er
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Semon Wu
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei city, Taiwan
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22
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Ramírez Hernández E, Sánchez-Maldonado C, Mayoral Chávez MA, Hernández-Zimbrón LF, Patricio Martínez A, Zenteno E, Limón Pérez de León ID. The therapeutic potential of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:439-448. [PMID: 32303136 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1750955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Neuroinflammation has been proposed as a common factor and one of the main inducers of neuronal degeneration. Galectins are a group of β-galactoside-binding lectins, that play an important role in the immune response, adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, migration and cell growth. Up to 15 members of the galectin's family have been identified; however, the expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 has been considered a key factor in neuronal regeneration and modulation of the inflammatory response. Galectin-1 is necessary to stimulate the secretion of neurotrophic factors in astrocytes and promoting neuronal regeneration. In contrast, galectin-3 fosters the proliferation of microglial cells and modulates cellular apoptosis, therefore these proteins are considered a useful alternative for the treatment of degenerative diseases.Areas covered: This review describes the roles of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in the modulation of neuroinflammation and their potential as therapeutic targets in the treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.Expert opinion: Although data in the literature vary, the effects of galectin-1 and galectin-3 on the activation and modulation of astrocytes and microglia has been described. Due to its anti-inflammatory effects, galectin-1 is proposed as a molecule with therapeutic potential, whereas the inhibition of galectin-3 could contribute to reduce the neuroinflammatory response in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Ramírez Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia Sánchez-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Miguel A Mayoral Chávez
- Centro de Investigaciones Médicas UNAM-UABJO, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México
| | - Luis F Hernández-Zimbrón
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.,Departamento de Investigación, Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera en México, "Hospital Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes", Ciudad de México, México
| | - Aleidy Patricio Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.,Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - I Daniel Limón Pérez de León
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
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23
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Nazimek K, Bryniarski K. Approaches to inducing antigen-specific immune tolerance in allergy and autoimmunity: Focus on antigen-presenting cells and extracellular vesicles. Scand J Immunol 2020; 91:e12881. [PMID: 32243636 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of allergic and autoimmune diseases urges clinicians and researchers to search for new and efficient treatments. Strategies that activate antigen-specific immune tolerance and simultaneously maintain immune reactivity to all other antigens deserve special attention. Accordingly, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) seem to be the best suited for orchestrating these mechanisms by directing T cell immune responses towards a tolerant subtype. Recent advances in understanding cell-to-cell communication via extracellular vesicles (EVs) make the latter promising candidates for reprogramming APCs towards a tolerant phenotype, and for mediating tolerogenic APC function. Thus, comprehensive studies have been undertaken to describe the interactions of APCs and EVs naturally occurring during immune tolerance induction, as well as to develop EV-based manoeuvres enabling the induction of immune tolerance in an antigen-specific manner. In this review, we summarize the findings of relevant studies, with a special emphasis on future perspectives on their translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nazimek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Immunology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Immunology, Krakow, Poland
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24
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Galectin-3 as a Next-Generation Biomarker for Detecting Early Stage of Various Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030389. [PMID: 32138174 PMCID: PMC7175224 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin which is important in numerous biological activities in various organs, including cell proliferation, apoptotic regulation, inflammation, fibrosis, and host defense. Galectin-3 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm and expressed on the cell surface, and then often secreted into biological fluids, like serum and urine. It is also released from injured cells and inflammatory cells under various pathological conditions. Many studies have revealed that galectin-3 plays an important role as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease, viral infection, autoimmune disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and tumor formation. In particular, it has been recognized that galectin-3 is extremely useful for detecting many of these diseases in their early stages. The purpose of this article is to review and summarize the recent literature focusing on the biomarker characteristics and long-term outcome predictions of galectin-3, in not only patients with various types of diseases, but associated animal models.
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25
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Chen PK, Lan JL, Li JP, Chang CK, Chang SH, Huang PH, Yeo KJ, Chen DY. Elevated plasma galectin-3 levels and their correlation with disease activity in adult-onset Still’s disease. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:1945-1952. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-04946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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26
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Rasmussen NS, Nielsen CT, Jacobsen S, Nielsen CH. Stimulation of Mononuclear Cells Through Toll-Like Receptor 9 Induces Release of Microvesicles Expressing Double-Stranded DNA and Galectin 3-Binding Protein in an Interferon-α-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2391. [PMID: 31681284 PMCID: PMC6797593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microvesicles (MVs) expressing the type 1 interferon (IFN)-inducible protein galectin-3 binding protein (G3BP) may play a pathogenic role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Co-expression of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) on such MVs may render them immunogenic and targets for anti-dsDNA antibodies. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying generation of this MV population. In this study, we investigated how Toll-like receptors (TLRs), IFN-α, and T cells are involved in this process in healthy subjects. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from 12 healthy donors were stimulated in-vitro for 24 h with a series of TLR-agonists or the T cell activating antibody OKT3 or were subjected to apoptosis by incubation with staurosporine. MVs in the supernatants were subsequently isolated by differential centrifugation and were quantified and characterized with respect to expression of G3BP and dsDNA by flow cytometry. Results: Stimulation of PBMCs with the TLR9-agonist and strong IFN-α inducer ODN2395 significantly increased the release of MVs expressing G3BP. The production of MVs with this phenotype was markedly enhanced by co-stimulation of T cells. Furthermore, dependency on IFN-α in the generation of G3BP-expressing MVs was indicated by a marked reduction following addition of the IFN-α inhibitor IFN alpha-IFNAR-IN-1 hydrochloride. Conclusion: Release of G3BP-expressing MVs from healthy donor PBMCs is induced by stimulation of TLR9 in an IFN-α-dependent manner and is enhanced by co-stimulation of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Stefan Rasmussen
- Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Institute for Inflammation Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Tandrup Nielsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Jacobsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Institute for Inflammation Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Han S, Li R, Lin J, Hou X, Weng H, Zhang H, Wang Y, Li N, Chai T, Wei L. Galectin-1 induces immune response and antiviral ability in Cherry Valley ducks after duck plague virus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 98:205-213. [PMID: 30986433 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1, as a typical animal galactose-binding protein, it is found on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Cloning the full-length coding sequence of galectin-1 from the spleens of Cherry Valley ducks revealed that the coding sequence of duck galectin-1 (duGal-1) comprises 405 bp, encoding 134 amino acids. Homologic analysis revealed its amino acid sequence is most identical to that of Anas platyrhynchos (98.8%) followed by Gallus gallus. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that duGal-1 mRNA is broadly expressed in healthy Cherry Valley duck tissues, primarily in the heart and trachea but minimally in the lung and skin. Meanwhile, the duGal-1 expression is slightly upregulated in the infected liver and spleen. Furthermore, the expression levels of ISGs (Mx, PKR, OAS) and some cytokines such as IFN-α, IL-1β, IL-2, are up-regulated to varying degrees after overexpression the duGal-1, In contrast, Knockdown of duGal-1 found that the expression levels of ISGs and some inflammatory cytokines were down-regulated. Antiviral assay showed that duGal-1 could inhibit viral replications early during infection. This is the first study of the cloning, tissue distribution, and antiviral immune responses of duGal-1, and findings imply it is involved in the early stages of antiviral innate immune responses to duck plague virus infections in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical College, Tai'an City, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical College, Tai'an City, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical College, Tai'an City, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaolan Hou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Hongyu Weng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Tongjie Chai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical College, Tai'an City, 271000, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Liangmeng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Taishan Medical College, Tai'an City, 271000, Shandong Province, China.
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Dikker O, Akarsu M. Evaluation of serum galectin-3 concentrations in patients with hypothyroidism. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2019; 79:354-358. [PMID: 31187654 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2019.1627576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Hypothyroidism is the most commonly encountered hormone deficiency determined in all age groups. Serum galectin-3 concentrations that play important roles in cellular proliferation and adhesion were not studied before in hypothyroidism. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between serum galectin-3 concentrations and hypothyroidism. Methods: A total of 83 individuals, 46 patients with hypothyroidism and 37 healthy controls, were included in the study. Among 46 patients with hypothyroidism, anti-TPO concentrations were higher than the reference range in 22 of them while it was in reference range in remaining 24 patients. Routine laboratory data (glucose, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, TSH, fT4, fT3, anti-TPO, anti-Tg) and galectin-3 concentrations were compared between the groups. Galectin-3 concentrations were measured by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Galectin-3 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with hypothyroidism compared to the control group (2.89 (1.17-10.79); 1.95 (1.15-6.11) ng/mL, p = .001, respectively). There was a positive correlation between galectin-3 concentrations and TSH, anti-Tg and triglyceride concentrations; while a negative correlation was present between fT4 and fT3 and galectin-3 concentrations (p < .05). Conclusions: For the first time in the literature, we determined elevated serum galectin-3 concentrations in patients with hypothyroidism compared with healthy controls. We believe that increased galectin-3 concentrations may play a role in hyperplasia of thyroid gland that is important in pathogenesis of hypothyroidism and high concentrations of galectin-3 may be associated with hypertriglyceridemia seen in hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan Dikker
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Murat Akarsu
- b Department of Internal Medicine, Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
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Anti-inflammatory Property of Galectin-1 in a Murine Model of Allergic Airway Inflammation. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:9705327. [PMID: 31214624 PMCID: PMC6535876 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9705327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) has immunomodulatory activities in various allergic inflammatory disorders, but its potential anti-inflammatory properties on allergic airway diseases have not been confirmed. We explored the pharmacological effects of Gal-1 on the progression of allergic airway inflammation and investigated the underlying mechanism. Female C57BL/6 mice were sensitized on day 0 and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) on days 14-17 to establish an allergic airway inflammation model. In the challenge phase, a subset of mice was treated intraperitoneally with recombinant Gal-1 (rGal-1) or dexamethasone (Dex). We found that rGal-1 inhibited pulmonary inflammatory cell recruitment, mucus secretion, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytokine production. The treatment also suppressed the infiltration of eosinophils into the allergic lung as indicated by decreased expression levels of eotaxin and eosinophil peroxidase (EPX). However, only the expression levels of IL-25, neither IL-33 nor TSLP, were significantly decreased in the lung by rGal-1 treatment. These immunomodulatory effects in the allergic lung were correlated with the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and downregulation of endogenous Gal-1. In addition, rGal-1 reduced the plasma concentrations of anti-OVA immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IL-17. Our findings suggest that rGal-1 is an effective therapy for allergic airway inflammation in a murine model and may be a potential pharmacological target for allergic airway inflammatory diseases.
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Ozkurt S, Dogan I, Ozcan O, Fidan N, Bozaci I, Yilmaz B, Bilgin M. Correlation of serum galectin-3 level with renal volume and function in adult polycystic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2019; 51:1191-1197. [PMID: 31012038 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-019-02156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The decrease in kidney functions in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is strongly correlated with the severity and growth of kidney cysts. Total kidney volume (TKV) was shown to be an early marker of the severity of the disease and a predictor of reduction in kidney functions. New treatment approaches for ADPKD have led to a need for easily applicable strong biomarkers predicting progression of the disease. The profibrotic mediator of galectin-3 (Gal-3) is linked to development of renal fibrosis. METHODS The study included 74 patients with ADPKD diagnosis and 40 healthy controls. The TKV of patients was calculated using the manual tracing method on MR images. The serum Gal-3 levels of patient and healthy control groups were measured with the ELISA method. The correlations between serum Gal-3 value with TKV and kidney function were assessed in patients. RESULTS As the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increased, serum Gal-3 and TKV values increased (p < 0.001, p = 0.049, respectively). Correlation analysis found a negative relationship between serum Gal-3 levels and eGFR (r: - 0.515, p < 0.001); however, there was no relationship between serum Gal-3 and TKV (r = 0.112, p = 0.344). Linear regression analysis showed the major parameter affecting Gal-3 was eGFR (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS In our study, we showed that renal impairment is an important determinant of Gal-3, and there is no correlation of Gal-3 and TKV in ADPKD. As a result, there is an urgent clinical need for new biomarkers to identify individuals with the chance of treatment in the early stage among ADPKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ozkurt
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Büyükdere, 26040, Odunpazarı, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Dogan
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Ozcan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Fidan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Ilter Bozaci
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Büyükdere, 26040, Odunpazarı, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Behice Yilmaz
- Department of Radiology, Haseki Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Bilgin
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Ramírez E, Sánchez-Maldonado C, Mayoral MA, Mendieta L, Alatriste V, Patricio-Martínez A, Limón ID. Neuroinflammation induced by the peptide amyloid-β (25-35) increase the presence of galectin-3 in astrocytes and microglia and impairs spatial memory. Neuropeptides 2019; 74:11-23. [PMID: 30795916 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are animal lectins that bind to β-galactosides, such as lactose and N-acetyllactosamine, contained in glycoproteins or glycolipids. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) are involved in pathologies associated with the inflammatory process, cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and apoptosis. Recent evidence has shown that the administration of Amyloid-β 25-35 (Aβ25-35) into the hippocampus of rats increases the inflammatory response that is associated with memory impairment and neurodegeneration. Galectins could participate in the modulation of the neuroinflammation induced by the Aβ25-35. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of Gal-1 and Gal-3 in the neuroinflammation induced by administration of Aβ25-35 into the hippocampus and to examine spatial memory in the Morris water maze. After the administration of Aβ25-35, animals were tested for learning and spatial memory in the Morris water maze. Behavioral performance showed that Aβ25-35 didn't affect spatial learning but did impair memory, with animals taking longer to find the platform. On the day 32, hippocampus was examined for astrocytes (GFAP), microglia (Iba1), Gal-1 and Gal-3 via immunohistochemical analysis, and the cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ by ELISA. This study's results showed a significant increase in the expression of Gal-3 in the microglia and astrocytes, while Gal-1 didn't increase in the dorsal hippocampus. The expression of galectins is associated with increased cytokines in the hippocampal formation of Aβ25-35 treated rats. These findings suggest that Gal-3 could participate in the inflammation induced by administration of Aβ25-35 and could be involved in the neurodegeneration progress and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleazar Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, 105 C-FCQ BUAP, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | | | - Liliana Mendieta
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, 105 C-FCQ BUAP, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - Aleidy Patricio-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, 105 C-FCQ BUAP, Puebla, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, BUAP, Puebla, Mexico
| | - I Daniel Limón
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, 105 C-FCQ BUAP, Puebla, Mexico.
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Švajger U, Rožman P. Induction of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells by Endogenous Biomolecules: An Update. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2482. [PMID: 30416505 PMCID: PMC6212600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of microenvironment on dendritic cell (DC) function and development has been strongly established during the last two decades. Although DCs with general tolerogenic characteristics have been isolated and defined as a particular sub-population, it is predominantly their unequivocal biological plasticity, which allows for unparalleled responsiveness to environmental ques and shaping of their tolerogenic characteristics when interacting with tolerance-inducing biomolecules. Dendritic cells carry receptors for a great number of endogenous factors, which, after ligation, can importantly influence the development of their activation state. For this there is ample evidence merely by observation of DC characteristics isolated from various anatomical niches, e.g., the greater immunosuppressive potential of DCs isolated from intestine compared to conventional blood DCs. Endogenous biomolecules present in these environments most likely play a major role as a determinant of their phenotype and function. In this review, we will concisely summarize in what way various, tolerance-inducing endogenous factors influence DC biology, the development of their particular tolerogenic state and their subsequent actions in context of immune response inhibition and induction of regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Švajger
- Department for Therapeutic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Rožman
- Department for Therapeutic Services, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Kotwica T, Relewicz J, Rojek A, Tupikowska-Marzec M, Kabaj M, Karolko B, Maj J, Bednarek-Tupikowska G, Kosmala W, Szepietowski JC, Przewlocka-Kosmala M. Role of galectin-3 in subclinical myocardial impairment in psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 33:136-142. [PMID: 30098067 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis has been shown to increase cardiovascular risk, and a contributor to this might be enhanced myocardial fibrosis promoted by the disease-associated pro-inflammatory milieu. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the relationship of galectin-3 (Gal-3) - a recognized mediator of fibrosis with inflammatory activation and left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function in patients with psoriasis. METHODS We enrolled 102 psoriatic patients (mean age: 52.5 ± 12.6 years). Sixty-five age- and sex-matched healthy subjects served as controls. Echocardiographic assessment of myocardial function included estimation of LV longitudinal systolic deformation (GLS) and diastolic indices: tissue e' velocity and E/e' ratio. Laboratory measurements encompassed blood Gal-3, creatinine, glucose, insulin, CRP and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). RESULTS Patients with psoriasis were characterized by elevated Gal-3 (12.3 [9.3-13.4] vs. 6.3 [5.5-9.4] ng/mL in healthy controls, P < 0.001), ESR (17.0 [11.0-29.0] vs. 8.5 [6.0-13.0] mm, respectively, P < 0.001) and CRP (3.1 [1.7-10.6] vs. 1.9 [1.5-4.0] mg/L, respectively, P < 0.001), and reduced GLS (19.9 ± 3.7 vs. 22.0 ± 3.0%, respectively, P < 0.001). Progressive deterioration of GLS was demonstrated across Gal-3 tertiles. Significant associations between GLS and age (beta = -0.21, P < 0.04), Gal-3 (beta = -0.27, P < 0.01), CRP (beta = -0.22, P < 0.03), ESR (beta = -0.25, P < 0.01), waist circumference (beta = -0.22, P < 0.03) and waist-to-hip ratio (beta = -0.20, P < 0.05) were found. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the independent determinants of GLS in psoriatic patients were Gal-3 (beta = -0.24, P < 0.01) and ESR (beta = -0.21, P < 0.03). Regression-based mediation analysis demonstrated that the relationship between ESR and GLS was partially mediated by Gal-3. CONCLUSIONS Subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction in psoriasis, as evidenced by reduced GLS, is linked with the inflammatory upregulation, and enhanced profibrotic activity (as reflected by elevated serum Gal-3) may be involved in this process. These putative mechanisms may be responsible for the observed higher incidence of heart failure in this disease condition and should be considered as a potential target for preventive and therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kotwica
- Department of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - J Relewicz
- Department of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Rojek
- Department of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Tupikowska-Marzec
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Kabaj
- Department of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - B Karolko
- Department of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - J Maj
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - G Bednarek-Tupikowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - W Kosmala
- Department of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - J C Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Consuegra-Fernández M, Lin F, Fox DA, Lozano F. Clinical and experimental evidence for targeting CD6 in immune-based disorders. Autoimmun Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Duhamel M, Rose M, Rodet F, Murgoci AN, Zografidou L, Régnier-Vigouroux A, Vanden Abeele F, Kobeissy F, Nataf S, Pays L, Wisztorski M, Cizkova D, Fournier I, Salzet M. Paclitaxel Treatment and Proprotein Convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) Knockdown in Macrophages is a Promising Antiglioma Strategy as Revealed by Proteomics and Cytotoxicity Studies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018. [PMID: 29531019 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High grade gliomas are the most common brain tumors in adult. These tumors are characterized by a high infiltration in microglial cells and macrophages. The immunosuppressive tumor environment is known to orient immune cells toward a pro-tumoral and anti-inflammatory phenotype. Therefore, the current challenge for cancer therapy is to find a way to reorient macrophages toward an antitumoral phenotype. Previously, we demonstrated that macrophages secreted antitumoral factors when they were invalidated for the proprotein converstase 1/3 (PC1/3) and treated with LPS. However, achieving an activation of macrophages via LPS/TLR4/Myd88-dependent pathway appears yet unfeasible in cancer patients. On the contrary, the antitumor drug Paclitaxel is also known to activate the TLR4 MyD88-dependent signaling pathway and mimics LPS action. Therefore, we evaluated if PC1/3 knock-down (KD) macrophages could be activated by Paclitaxel and efficient against glioma. We report here that such a treatment of PC1/3 KD macrophages drove to the overexpression of proteins mainly involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement. In support of this finding, we found that these cells exhibited a Ca2+ increase after Paclitaxel treatment. This is indicative of a possible depolymerization of microtubules and may therefore reflect an activation of inflammatory pathways in macrophages. In such a way, we found that PC1/3 KD macrophages displayed a repression of the anti-inflammatory pathway STAT3 and secreted more pro-inflammatory cytokines. Extracellular vesicles isolated from these PC1/3 KD cells inhibited glioma growth. Finally, the supernatant collected from the coculture between glioma cells and PC1/3 KD macrophages contained more antitumoral factors. These findings unravel the potential value of a new therapeutic strategy combining Paclitaxel and PC1/3 inhibition to switch macrophages toward an antitumoral immunophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Duhamel
- From the ‡Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France;
| | - Mélanie Rose
- From the ‡Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France.,§Oncovet Clinical Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Franck Rodet
- From the ‡Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Adriana Natalia Murgoci
- From the ‡Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France.,§§Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lea Zografidou
- ¶Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 15, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
- ¶Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 15, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabien Vanden Abeele
- ‖Inserm U-1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Serge Nataf
- ‡‡Inserm U-1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Banque de Tissus et de Cellules des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
| | - Laurent Pays
- ‡‡Inserm U-1060, CarMeN Laboratory, Banque de Tissus et de Cellules des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon-1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France
| | - Maxence Wisztorski
- From the ‡Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- §§Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- From the ‡Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
| | - Michel Salzet
- From the ‡Inserm U-1192, Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
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Sundqvist M, Welin A, Elmwall J, Osla V, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H, Bylund J, Karlsson A. Galectin-3 type-C self-association on neutrophil surfaces; The carbohydrate recognition domain regulates cell function. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:341-353. [PMID: 29345346 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0317-110r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is an endogenous β-galactoside-binding lectin comprising a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) linked to a collagen-like N-domain. Both domains are required for galectin-3 to induce cellular effects; a C-terminal fragment of galectin-3, galectin-3C, containing the CRD but lacking the N-domain, binds cell surface glycoconjugates but does not induce cellular effects since cross-linking promoted by the N-domain is thought to be required. Instead, galectin-3C is proposed to antagonize the effects of galectin-3 by competing for binding sites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of galectin-3C on galectin-3 interactions with human neutrophils. Recombinant galectin-3C inhibited galectin-3-induced production of reactive oxygen species in primed neutrophils. Surprisingly, this inhibition was not due to competitive inhibition of galectin-3 binding to the cells. In contrast, galectin-3C potentiated galectin-3 binding, in line with emerging evidence that galectin-3 can aggregate not only through the N-domain but also through the CRD. The cell surface interaction between galectin-3C and galectin-3 was corroborated by colocalization of fluorescently labeled galectin-3 and galectin-3C. Galectin-3C can be generated in vivo through cleavage of galectin-3 by proteases. Indeed, in circulation, galectin-3 and galectin-3C were both attached to the cell surface of neutrophils, which displayed great capacity to bind additional galectin-3 and galectin-3C. In conclusion, galectin-3C enhances galectin-3 binding to neutrophils by nonactivating type-C self-association, in parallel to inhibiting neutrophil activation by galectin-3 (induced by type-N self-association). This implicates type-C self-association as a termination system for galectin-3-induced cell activation, with the purpose of avoiding oxidant-dependent tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amanda Welin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Elmwall
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Veronica Osla
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Dencker M, Arvidsson D, Karlsson MK, Wollmer P, Andersen LB, Thorsson O. Galectin-3 levels relate in children to total body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution, and cardiac size. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:461-467. [PMID: 29327139 PMCID: PMC5816767 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-017-3079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Galectin-3 has recently been proposed as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular disease in adults. The purpose of this investigation was to assess relationships between galectin-3 levels and total body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution, aerobic fitness, blood pressure, left ventricular mass, left atrial size, and increase in body fat over a 2-year period in a population-based sample of children. Our study included 170 children aged 8-11 years. Total fat mass and abdominal fat were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Body fat distribution was expressed as abdominal fat/total fat mass. Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed by indirect calorimetry during a maximal exercise test and scaled to body mass. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were measured. Left atrial size, left ventricular mass, and relative wall thickness were measured by echocardiography. Frozen serum samples were analyzed for galectin-3 by the Proximity Extension Assay technique. A follow-up DXA scan was performed in 152 children 2 years after the baseline exam. Partial correlations, with adjustment for sex and age, between galectin-3 versus body fat measurements indicated weak to moderate relationships. Moreover, left atrial size, left ventricular mass, and relative wall thickness and pulse pressure were also correlated with galectin-3. Neither systolic blood pressure nor maximal oxygen uptake was correlated with galectin-3. There was also a correlation between galectin-3 and increase in total body fat over 2 years, while no such correlations were found for the other fat measurements. CONCLUSION More body fat and abdominal fat, more abdominal body fat distribution, more left ventricular mass, and increased left atrial size were all associated with higher levels of galectin-3. Increase in total body fat over 2 years was also associated with higher levels of galectin-3. What is Known: • Galectin-3 has been linked to obesity and been proposed to be a novel biomarker for cardiovascular disease in adults. • Information on this subject in children is very scarce. What is New: • The present study demonstrates a relationship between galectin-3 levels and total body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution, cardiac size and geometry, and increase in total body fat over 2 years in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Dencker
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Arvidsson
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden ,Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sports Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus K. Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopaedics, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars B. Andersen
- Department of Teacher Education and Sport, Sogn and Fjordane University College, Sogndal, Norway ,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Thorsson
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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The roles of galectins in parasitic infections. Acta Trop 2018; 177:97-104. [PMID: 28986248 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Galectins is a family of multifunctional lectins. Fifteen galectins have been identified from a variety of cells and tissues of vertebrates and invertebrates. Galectins have been shown to play pivotal roles in host-pathogen interaction such as adhesion of pathogens to host cells and activation of host innate and adaptive immunity. In recent years, the roles of galectins during parasite infections have gained increasing attention. Galectins produced by different hosts can act as pattern recognition receptors detecting conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns of parasites, while galectins produced by parasites can modulate host responses. This review summarizes some recent studies on the roles of galectins produced by parasitic protozoa, nematodes, and trematodes and their hosts. Understanding the roles of galectins in host-parasite interactions may provide targets for immune intervention and therapies of parasitic infections.
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Zhao J, Fan YC, Liu XY, Zhao ZH, Li F, Wang K. Hypermethylation of the galectin-3 promoter is associated with poor prognosis of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure. Dig Liver Dis 2017; 49:664-671. [PMID: 28185839 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2017.01.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The possible role of galectin-3 in acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the methylation status of the galectin-3 promoter in patients with ACHBLF and analyze its prognostic value. METHODS The methylation status of the galectin-3 promoter in patients with ACHBLF, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and healthy controls (HCs) was determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). The galectin-3 mRNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The methylation frequency of the galectin-3 promoter was significantly higher while galectin-3 mRNA was lower in ACHBLF than in CHB and HCs. Galectin-3 promoter methylation was negatively correlated with the mRNA level in ACHBLF. In addition, ACHBLF patients carrying the methylated promoter showed shorter survival time, higher 3-month mortality, and higher model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score when compared to ACHBLF patients carrying the unmethylated promoter. Moreover, promoter methylation was a better predictor of 3-week mortality than the MELD score in ACHBLF patients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that hypermethylation of the galectin-3 promoter might be an early biomarker for predicting disease severity and prognosis in patients with ACHBLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Chen Fan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ze-Hua Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Rao SP, Ge XN, Sriramarao P. Regulation of Eosinophil Recruitment and Activation by Galectins in Allergic Asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:68. [PMID: 28620605 PMCID: PMC5450023 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are differentiated granulocytes that are recruited from the bone marrow to sites of inflammation via the vascular system. Allergic asthma is characterized by the presence of large numbers of eosinophils in the lungs and airways. Due to their capacity to rapidly release inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and cytotoxic granule proteins upon stimulation, eosinophils play a critical role in pro-inflammatory processes in allergen-exposed lungs. Identifying key players and understanding the molecular mechanisms directing eosinophil trafficking and recruitment to inflamed airways is a key to developing therapeutic strategies to limit their influx. Recent studies have brought to light the important role of glycans and glycan binding proteins in regulating recruitment of eosinophils. In addition to the role of previously identified eosinophil- and endothelial-expressed adhesion molecules in mediating eosinophil trafficking and recruitment to the inflamed airways, studies have also indicated a role for galectins (galectin-3) in this process. Galectins are mammalian lectins expressed by various cell types including eosinophils. Intracellularly, they can regulate biological processes such as cell motility. Extracellularly, galectins interact with β-galactosides in cell surface-expressed glycans to regulate cellular responses like production of inflammatory mediators, cell adhesion, migration, and apoptosis. Eosinophils express galectins intracellularly or on the cell surface where they interact with cell surface glycoconjugate receptors. Depending on the type (galectin-1, -3, etc.) and location (extracellular or intracellular, endogenous or exogenously delivered), galectins differentially regulate eosinophil recruitment, activation, and apoptosis and thus exert a pro- or anti-inflammatory outcome. Here, we have reviewed information pertaining to galectins (galectin-1, -3 -9, and -10) that are expressed by eosinophils themselves and/or other cells that play a role in eosinophil recruitment and function in the context of allergic asthma and their potential use as disease biomarkers or therapeutic targets for immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita P Rao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Xiao Na Ge
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - P Sriramarao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
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Yang H, Lan Q, Liu R, Cui D, Liu H, Xiong D, Li F, Liu X, Wang L. Characterization of galectin-1 from Chinese giant salamanders Andrias davidianus and its involvements during immune response. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:59-68. [PMID: 28065604 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are considered as a multifunctional protein which play essential roles in cell adhesion and apoptosis, inflammation, tumor progression and immune response. In spite of extensive studies of galectin importance in immune system among different animals, few studies have been devoted to their functions in amphibian. In the present study, we characterized one proto type of galectin (named AdGal1) from Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus and studied its function in immune response. AdGal1 cDNA possesses an open reading frame of 598 bp, which encodes a putative galectin of 134 amino acids containing one carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs). The constitutive expression of mRNA transcripts was detected in a wide range of tissues, with the highest expression in kidney. Immune challenges with Aeromonas hydrophila and Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV), the transcript level of AdGal1 in kidney was significantly upregulated. The mature protein of AdGal1 was successfully expressed and purified in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant AdGal1 (rAdGal1) could show bind activity to different Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. It could also strongly agglutinate different kinds of bacteria at different concentrations. Collectively, these data from the present study indicate that AdGal1 is a vital pattern recognition receptor to recognize different microbes in the innate immune system of Andrias davidianus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qingjing Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ranran Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dongmei Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fenggang Li
- Yellow River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710086, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Serum levels of galectin-1, galectin-3, and galectin-9 are associated with large artery atherosclerotic stroke. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40994. [PMID: 28112232 PMCID: PMC5256273 DOI: 10.1038/srep40994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the expression patterns of serum galectin-1 (Gal-1), galectin-3 (Gal-3), galectin-9 (Gal-9), and galectin-3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) and their associations with stroke outcome in large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke. The serum levels of Gal-1, Gal-3, Gal-9, and Gal-3BP were measured by ELISA in 130 patients with LAA stroke and 130 age- and sex-matched controls. Serum samples were collected from the patients on day 1, day 6, and in the 4th week after ischaemic stroke (IS). An unfavourable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of >2 on day 90 after IS. Our results indicated that the Gal-3 and Gal-9 levels were higher in patients with LAA stroke than in controls. A higher Gal-3 level was independently associated with an unfavourable outcome both on day 1 and day 6 after IS. In addition, Gal-9 and Gal-1 levels were upregulated on day 6 and in the 4th week after IS, respectively. For Gal-3BP, no difference was detected between patients and controls and no predictive value was found in patients. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the serum levels of Gal-1, Gal-3, and Gal-9 may be associated with LAA stroke.
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The Role of Tissue Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation on NAFLD Pathogenesis and Its Clinical Implications. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8162421. [PMID: 28115795 PMCID: PMC5237469 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8162421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The obese phenotype is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation that contributes to the development of comorbidities, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In fact, NAFLD is often associated with adipocyte enlargement and consequent macrophage recruitment and inflammation. Macrophage polarization is often associated with the proinflammatory state in adipose tissue. In particular, an increase of M1 macrophages number or of M1/M2 ratio triggers the production and secretion of various proinflammatory signals (i.e., adipocytokines). Next, these inflammatory factors may reach the liver leading to local M1/M2 macrophage polarization and consequent onset of the histological damage characteristic of NAFLD. Thus, the role of macrophage polarization and inflammatory signals appears to be central for pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD, even if the heterogeneity of macrophages and molecular mechanisms that govern their phenotype switch remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the role of adipose and liver tissue macrophage-mediated inflammation in experimental and human NAFLD. This focus is relevant because it may help researchers that approach clinical and experimental studies on this disease advancing the knowledge of mechanisms that could be targeted in order to revert NAFLD-related fibrosis.
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Xue J, Fu C, Cong Z, Peng L, Peng Z, Chen T, Wang W, Jiang H, Wei Q, Qin C. Galectin-3 promotes caspase-independent cell death of HIV-1-infected macrophages. FEBS J 2016; 284:97-113. [PMID: 27981746 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1-infected macrophages are a key contributor to the formation of a viral reservoir and new treatment strategies focus on eliminating this pool of virus. Galectin-3 is a potent apoptosis-inducing protein that regulates diverse cellular activities. In the present study, we investigated whether galectin-3 could induce cell death in HIV-1-infected macrophages using HIV-1-infected THP1 monocytes (THP1-MNs) and THP1-derived macrophages (THP1-MΦs) as in vitro cellular models. We found that THP1-MΦs were more resistant than the THP1-MNs to HIV-1 infection-induced death, and that HIV-1 infection of the THP1-MΦs increased expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Additionally, galectin-3 but not FasL, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand or TNF-α, could induce cell death in HIV-1-infected THP1-MΦs. A similar result was shown for primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Galectin-3-induced cell death was also significantly increased in macrophages obtained from SIVmac251-infected macaques compared to that of macrophages from healthy macaques. Furthermore, galectin-3-induced cell death in HIV-1-infected THP1-MΦs was caspase independent. Interestingly, endonuclease G (Endo G) was increased in the nucleus and decreased in the cytoplasm of galectin-3-treated cells; thus, galectin-3-induced cell death in HIV-1-infected THP1-MΦs is most likely related to the translocation of Endo G from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. These findings suggest that galectin-3 may potentially aid in the eradication of HIV-1/SIV-infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Zhe Cong
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Lingjuan Peng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Zhuoying Peng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, China
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Grupper A, Nativi-Nicolau J, Maleszewski JJ, Geske JR, Kremers WK, Edwards BS, Kushwaha SS, Pereira NL. Circulating Galectin-3 Levels Are Persistently Elevated After Heart Transplantation and Are Associated With Renal Dysfunction. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2016; 4:847-856. [PMID: 27614937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated changes in serum levels of galectin (Gal)-3 before and after heart transplantation (HTx) and assessed the role of pre-HTx Gal-3 as a biomarker for post-HTx outcomes. BACKGROUND Gal-3 is a novel biomarker that reflects cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. Elevated serum Gal-3 levels are associated with poor prognosis in heart failure patients. Whether Gal-3 levels change following HTx and the significance of post-HTx outcomes are unknown. METHODS Serum Gal-3 levels were measured in 62 patients at 118 days (Interquartile Range [IQR]: 23 to 798 days) before and 365 days (IQR: 54 to 767 days) post HTx. Cardiac tissue taken during routine post-HTx endomyocardial biopsy was evaluated to assess the correlation between tissue Gal-3 staining and serum Gal-3 levels and with the presence of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. RESULTS Serum Gal-3 levels remained significantly elevated (>17.8 ng/ml) in 35 patients (56%) post HTx. There was a significant inverse correlation between Gal-3 levels and glomerular filtration rate measured before and after HTx (p > 0.005). There was no association between Gal-3 serum level and Gal-3 staining of myocardial tissue or with the presence of myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis post HTx. Elevated pre-HTx Gal-3 levels were associated with reduced post-HTx exercise capacity, but this association was not significant after adjustment for age, body mass index, and glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate the fact that Gal-3 levels remain elevated in the majority of patients despite HTx and is associated with renal dysfunction. Our findings suggest Gal-3 is a systemic rather than cardiac-specific biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishay Grupper
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Joseph J Maleszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer R Geske
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Walter K Kremers
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brooks S Edwards
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sudhir S Kushwaha
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Naveen L Pereira
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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New Regulatory Roles of Galectin-3 in High-Affinity IgE Receptor Signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1366-82. [PMID: 26929198 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00064-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) in mast cells initiates activation events that lead to degranulation and release of inflammatory mediators. To better understand the signaling pathways and genes involved in mast cell activation, we developed a high-throughput mast cell degranulation assay suitable for RNA interference experiments using lentivirus-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) delivery. We tested 432 shRNAs specific for 144 selected genes for effects on FcεRI-mediated mast cell degranulation and identified 15 potential regulators. In further studies, we focused on galectin-3 (Gal3), identified in this study as a negative regulator of mast cell degranulation. FcεRI-activated cells with Gal3 knockdown exhibited upregulated tyrosine phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase and several other signal transduction molecules and enhanced calcium response. We show that Gal3 promotes internalization of IgE-FcεRI complexes; this may be related to our finding that Gal3 is a positive regulator of FcεRI ubiquitination. Furthermore, we found that Gal3 facilitates mast cell adhesion and motility on fibronectin but negatively regulates antigen-induced chemotaxis. The combined data indicate that Gal3 is involved in both positive and negative regulation of FcεRI-mediated signaling events in mast cells.
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Chen SC, Kuo PL. The Role of Galectin-3 in the Kidneys. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:565. [PMID: 27089335 PMCID: PMC4849021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a 32- to 35-kDa member of the galectin family of b-galactoside-binding lectins, which is characterized by a carbohydrate recognition domain. Through its carbohydrate-binding function, it regulates cell growth, differentiation, and inflammation. It also plays a complex, context-dependent role in the kidneys. During development, it promotes nephrogenesis and is strongly expressed in the ureteric bud and its derivatives. An increase in the concentration of galectin-3 has been reported to be associated with fibrosis of the kidneys. Elevated levels of plasma galectin-3 are also associated with increased risks of rapid renal function decline, incident chronic kidney disease, and progressive renal impairment, and also with cardiovascular end points, infection, and all-cause mortality in patients with renal function impairment. This review discusses a general survey on galectin-3 expressions in nephrogenesis, kidney injury animal models, clinical renal diseases, renal transplantation and the potential role of galectin-3 for treatment in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Chia Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan.
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
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Zhang N, Van Crombruggen K, Gevaert E, Bachert C. Barrier function of the nasal mucosa in health and type-2 biased airway diseases. Allergy 2016; 71:295-307. [PMID: 26606240 DOI: 10.1111/all.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mucosal lining of the upper airways represents the outer surface of the body to the ambient air and its contents and is prepared for it as the first line of defense. Apart from the well-described physical barrier and the mucociliary clearance, a variety of systems, including the airway microbiome, antimicrobial proteins, damage-associated molecular patterns, innate lymphoid cells, epithelial-derived cytokines and chemokines, and finally the adaptive immune system, as well as eosinophils as newly appreciated defense cells form different levels of protection against and response to any possible intruder. Of interest especially for allergic airway disease, mucosal germs might not just elicit a classical Th1/Th17-biased inflammatory response, but may directly induce a type-2 mucosal inflammation. Innovative therapeutic interventions may be possible at different levels also; however, whether modulations of the innate or adaptive immune responses will finally be more successful, and how the correction of the adaptive immune response might impact on the innate side, will be determined in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Zhang
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Ghent University Hospital; Ghent Belgium
| | - K. Van Crombruggen
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Ghent University Hospital; Ghent Belgium
| | - E. Gevaert
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Ghent University Hospital; Ghent Belgium
| | - C. Bachert
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Ghent University Hospital; Ghent Belgium
- Division of ENT diseases; CLINTEC; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
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Abu-Elsaad NM, Elkashef WF. Modified citrus pectin stops progression of liver fibrosis by inhibiting galectin-3 and inducing apoptosis of stellate cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:554-62. [PMID: 27010252 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Modified citrus pectin (MCP) is a pH modified form of the dietary soluble citrus peel fiber known as pectin. The current study aims at testing its effect on liver fibrosis progression. Rats were injected with CCl4 (1 mL/kg, 40% v/v, i.p., twice a week for 8 weeks). Concurrently, MCP (400 or 1200 mg/kg) was administered daily in drinking water from the first week in groups I and II (prophylactic model) and in the beginning of week 5 in groups III and IV (therapeutic model). Liver function biomarkers (ATL, AST, and ALP), fibrosis markers (laminin and hyaluronic acid), and antioxidant biomarkers (reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) were measured. Stained liver sections were scored for fibrosis and necroinflammation. Additionally, expression of galectin-3 (Gal-3), α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, collagen (Col)1A1, caspase (Cas)-3, and apoptosis related factor (FAS) were assigned. Modified pectin late administration significantly (p < 0.05) decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), TIMP-1, Col1A1, α-SMA, and Gal-3 levels and increased levels of FAS, Cas-3, GSH, and SOD. It also decreased percentage of fibrosis and necroinflammation significantly (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that MCP can attenuate liver fibrosis through an antioxidant effect, inhibition of Gal-3 mediated hepatic stellate cells activation, and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa M Abu-Elsaad
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Adakahlia 35516, Egypt
| | - Wagdi Fawzi Elkashef
- b Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Kim SN, Lee HJ, Jeon MS, Yi T, Song SU. Galectin-9 is Involved in Immunosuppression Mediated by Human Bone Marrow-derived Clonal Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Immune Netw 2015; 15:241-51. [PMID: 26557808 PMCID: PMC4637345 DOI: 10.4110/in.2015.15.5.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties and can suppress exaggerated pro-inflammatory immune responses. Although the exact mechanisms remain unclear, a variety of soluble factors are known to contribute to MSC-mediated immunosuppression. However, functional redundancy in the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs indicates that other uncharacterized factors could be involved. Galectin-9, a member of the β-galactoside binding galectin family, has emerged as an important regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. We examined whether galectin-9 contributes to MSC-mediated immunosuppression. Galectin-9 was strongly induced and secreted from human MSCs upon stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. An in vitro immunosuppression assay using a knockdown approach revealed that galectin-9-deficient MSCs do not exert immunosuppressive activity. We also provided evidence that galectin-9 may contribute to MSC-mediated immunosuppression by binding to its receptor, TIM-3, expressed on activated lymphocytes, leading to apoptotic cell death of activated lymphocytes. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that galectin-9 is involved in MSC-mediated immunosuppression and represents a potential therapeutic factor for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Na Kim
- Drug Development Program, Department of Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Lee
- Drug Development Program, Department of Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Jeon
- Translational Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea. ; Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - TacGhee Yi
- Translational Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea. ; Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea. ; SCM Lifescience Co. Ltd., Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - Sun U Song
- Translational Research Center, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea. ; SCM Lifescience Co. Ltd., Incheon 22332, Korea
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