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Walls KM, Joh JY, Hong KU, Hein DW. Heterocyclic Amines Disrupt Lipid Homeostasis in Cryopreserved Human Hepatocytes. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:747-756. [PMID: 38851663 PMCID: PMC11300155 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction associated-steatotic liver disease (MASLD)/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and/or obesity. Environmental pollutant exposure has been recently identified as a risk factor for developing MASH. Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are mutagens generated when cooking meat at high temperatures or until well-done. Recent epidemiological studies reported that dietary HCA exposure may be linked to insulin resistance and type II diabetes, and we recently reported that HCAs induce insulin resistance and glucose production in human hepatocytes. However, no previous studies have examined the effects of HCAs on hepatic lipid homeostasis. In the present study, we assessed the effects of two common HCAs, MeIQx (2-amino-3, 8-dimethylimidazo [4, 5-f] quinoxaline) and PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4, 5-b] pyridine), on lipid homeostasis in cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Exposure to a single concentration of 25 μM MeIQx or PhIP in human hepatocytes led to dysregulation of lipid homeostasis, typified by significant increases in lipid droplets and triglycerides. PhIP significantly increased expression of lipid droplet-associated genes, PNPLA3 and HSD17B13, and both HCAs significantly increased PLIN2. Exposure to MeIQx or PhIP also significantly increased expression of several key genes involved in lipid synthesis, transport and metabolism, including FASN, DGAT2, CPT1A, SCD, and CD36. Furthermore, both MeIQx and PhIP significantly increased intracellular cholesterol and decreased expression of PON1 which is involved in cholesterol efflux. Taken together, these results suggest that HCAs dysregulate lipid production, metabolism, and storage. The current study demonstrates, for the first time, that HCA exposure may lead to fat accumulation in hepatocytes, which may contribute to hepatic insulin resistance and MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy M Walls
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Environmental Justice, Community Health and Environmental Review Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, USA
| | - Jonathan Y Joh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Kyung U Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, USA
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Heindel JJ, Lustig RH, Howard S, Corkey BE. Obesogens: a unifying theory for the global rise in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:449-460. [PMID: 38212644 PMCID: PMC10978495 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite varied treatment, mitigation, and prevention efforts, the global prevalence and severity of obesity continue to worsen. Here we propose a combined model of obesity, a unifying paradigm that links four general models: the energy balance model (EBM), based on calories as the driver of weight gain; the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM), based on insulin as a driver of energy storage; the oxidation-reduction model (REDOX), based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a driver of altered metabolic signaling; and the obesogens model (OBS), which proposes that environmental chemicals interfere with hormonal signaling leading to adiposity. We propose a combined OBS/REDOX model in which environmental chemicals (in air, food, food packaging, and household products) generate false autocrine and endocrine metabolic signals, including ROS, that subvert standard regulatory energy mechanisms, increase basal and stimulated insulin secretion, disrupt energy efficiency, and influence appetite and energy expenditure leading to weight gain. This combined model incorporates the data supporting the EBM and CIM models, thus creating one integrated model that covers significant aspects of all the mechanisms potentially contributing to the obesity pandemic. Importantly, the OBS/REDOX model provides a rationale and approach for future preventative efforts based on environmental chemical exposure reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies (HEEDS), Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA.
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies (HEEDS), Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA
| | - Barbara E Corkey
- Department of Medicine, Boston University, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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3
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Walls KM, Hong KU, Hein DW. Induction of glucose production by heterocyclic amines is dependent on N-acetyltransferase 2 genetic polymorphism in cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 2023; 383:192-195. [PMID: 37423373 PMCID: PMC10528954 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are mutagenic compounds found in cooked meat. Recent epidemiological studies reported significant associations between dietary HCA exposure and insulin resistance and type II diabetes, and we recently reported that HCAs induce insulin resistance and glucose production in human hepatocytes. It is well known that HCAs require hepatic bioactivation by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2). NAT2 expresses a well-defined genetic polymorphism in humans that, depending on the combination of NAT2 alleles, correlates to rapid, intermediate, or slow acetylator phenotype that exhibits differential metabolism of aromatic amines and HCAs. No previous studies have examined the role of NAT2 genetic polymorphism in the context of HCA-mediated induction of glucose production. In the present study, we assessed the effect of three HCAs commonly found in cooked meat (2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline [MeIQ], 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline [MeIQx], and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine [PhIP]) on glucose production in cryopreserved human hepatocytes with slow, intermediate, or rapid NAT2 acetylator phenotype. HCA treatment did not affect glucose production in slow NAT2 acetylator hepatocytes, while a slight increase in glucose production was observed in intermediate NAT2 acetylators treated with MeIQ or MeIQx. However, significant increases in glucose production were observed in rapid NAT2 acetylators following each HCA. The current findings suggest that individuals who are rapid NAT2 acetylators may be at a greater risk of developing hyperglycemia and insulin resistance following dietary exposure to HCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy M Walls
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kyung U Hong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Priyadarshini E, Parambil AM, Rajamani P, Ponnusamy VK, Chen YH. Exposure, toxicological mechanism of endocrine disrupting compounds and future direction of identification using nano-architectonics. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115577. [PMID: 36871939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDC) are a group of exogenous chemicals that structurally mimic hormones and interfere with the hormonal signaling cascade. EDC interacts with hormone receptors, transcriptional activators, and co-activators, altering the signaling pathway at both genomic and non-genomic levels. Consequently, these compounds are responsible for adverse health ailments such as cancer, reproductive issues, obesity, and cardiovascular and neurological disorders. The persistent nature and increasing incidence of environmental contamination from anthropogenic and industrial effluents have become a global concern, resulting in a movement in both developed and developing countries to identify and estimate the degree of exposure to EDC. The U.S. Environment Protection Agency (EPA) has outlined a series of in vitro and in vivo assays to screen potential endocrine disruptors. However, the multidisciplinary nature and concerns over the widespread application demand alternative and practical techniques for identifying and estimating EDC. The review chronicles the state-of-art 20 years (1990-2023) of scientific literature regarding EDC's exposure and molecular mechanism, highlighting the toxicological effects on the biological system. Alteration in signaling mechanisms by representative endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA), diethylstilbestrol (DES), and genistein has been emphasized. We further discuss the currently available assays and techniques for in vitro detection and propose the prominence of designing nano-architectonic-sensor substrates for on-site detection of EDC in the contaminated aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eepsita Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ajith Manayil Parambil
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan; PhD Program in Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (NKUST), Kaohsiung City, 811, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Kürzinger L, Fassnacht M, Dischinger U. Endokrine Disruptoren. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2022; 147:1437-1443. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1837-2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Was ist neu?
Definition Eine einheitliche Definition endokriner Disruptoren gibt es noch nicht. Inzwischen wurden jedoch Schlüsselcharakteristika definiert, welche die Einordnung einer Substanz als endokrinen Disruptor vereinfachen sollen.
Bisherige Forschungsschwerpunkte Der Einfluss endokriner Disruptoren auf den menschlichen Organismus wurde bisher wenig untersucht. Die Schwerpunkte der bisherigen Forschung liegen auf Stoffwechsel-Erkrankungen und Reproduktionsmedizin.
Aktuelle Forschungsbemühungen und Ausblick Die bisherigen Erkenntnisse zu endokrinen Disruptoren beruhen auf epidemiologischen Beobachtungen und Expositionsstudien in Zellkultur und Tierexperimenten. Auch Ökologie und Ökonomie werden durch endokrine Disruptoren beeinflusst. Daher sind globale Bemühungen notwendig, um irreversible Schäden aufzuhalten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kürzinger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Lehrstuhl für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Lehrstuhl für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - Ulrich Dischinger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Lehrstuhl für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
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Combarnous Y, Nguyen TMD. Membrane Hormone Receptors and Their Signaling Pathways as Targets for Endocrine Disruptors. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:64-73. [PMID: 35466213 PMCID: PMC9036253 DOI: 10.3390/jox12020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocrine disruptors are mostly small organic molecules developed for numerous and very diverse industrial applications. They essentially act through nuclear receptors with small and hydrophobic endogenous ligands. Nevertheless, potential adverse effects through membrane hormone receptors cannot be ruled out, and have indeed been observed. The present paper reviews how orthosteric and allosteric binding sites of the different families of membrane receptors can be targets for man-made hydrophobic molecules (components of plastics, paints, flame retardants, herbicides, pesticides, etc.). We also review potential target proteins for such small hydrophobic molecules downstream of membrane receptors at the level of their intracellular signaling pathways. From the currently available information, although endocrine disruptors primarily affect nuclear receptors’ signaling, membrane receptors for hormones, cytokines, neuro-mediators, and growth factors can be affected as well and deserve attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Combarnous
- INRAe, CNRS, Tours University Joint Unit, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)24-7427-650
| | - Thi Mong Diep Nguyen
- INRAe, CNRS, Tours University Joint Unit, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France;
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University, Quy Nhon 820000, Vietnam
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Schulz MC, Sargis RM. Inappropriately sweet: Environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the diabetes pandemic. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:419-456. [PMID: 34452693 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Afflicting hundreds of millions of individuals globally, diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder of energy metabolism characterized by hyperglycemia and other metabolic derangements that result in significant individual morbidity and mortality as well as substantial healthcare costs. Importantly, the impact of diabetes in the United States is not uniform across the population; rather, communities of color and those with low income are disproportionately affected. While excessive caloric intake, physical inactivity, and genetic susceptibility are undoubted contributors to diabetes risk, these factors alone fail to fully explain the rapid global rise in diabetes rates. Recently, environmental contaminants acting as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Indeed, burgeoning data from cell-based, animal, population, and even clinical studies now indicate that a variety of structurally distinct EDCs of both natural and synthetic origin have the capacity to alter insulin secretion and action as well as global glucose homeostasis. This chapter reviews the evidence linking EDCs to diabetes risk across this spectrum of evidence. It is hoped that improving our understanding of the environmental drivers of diabetes development will illuminate novel individual-level and policy interventions to mitigate the impact of this devastating condition on vulnerable communities and the population at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C Schulz
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert M Sargis
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.
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8
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Shen C, Zhu K, Ruan J, Li J, Wang Y, Zhao M, He C, Zuo Z. Screening of potential oestrogen receptor α agonists in pesticides via in silico, in vitro and in vivo methods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116015. [PMID: 33352482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In modern agricultural management, the use of pesticides is indispensable. Due to their massive use worldwide, pesticides represent a latent risk to both humans and the environment. In the present study, 1056 frequently used pesticides were screened for oestrogen receptor (ER) agonistic activity by using in silico methods. We found that 72 and 47 pesticides potentially have ER agonistic activity by the machine learning methods random forest (RF) and deep neural network (DNN), respectively. Among endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), 14 have been reported as EDCs or ER agonists by previous studies. We selected 3 reported and 7 previously unreported pesticides from 76 potential ER agonists to further assess ERα agonistic activity. All 10 selected pesticides exhibited ERα agonistic activity in human cells or zebrafish. In the dual-luciferase reporter gene assays, six pesticides exhibited ERα agonistic activity. Additionally, nine pesticides could induce mRNA expression of the pS2 and NRF1 genes in MCF-7 cells, and seven pesticides could induce mRNA expression of the vtg1 and vtg2 genes in zebrafish. Importantly, the remaining 48 out of 76 potential ER agonists, none of which have previously been reported to have endocrine-disrupting effects or oestrogenic activity, should be of great concern. Our screening results can inform environmental protection goals and play an important role in environmental protection and early warnings to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Kongyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jinpeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jialing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
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9
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Berthet A, Hechon J, Hopf NB. Tolylfluanid permeates human skin slowly and as dimethylamino sulfotoluidid (DMST). Toxicol Lett 2020; 324:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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La Merrill MA, Vandenberg LN, Smith MT, Goodson W, Browne P, Patisaul HB, Guyton KZ, Kortenkamp A, Cogliano VJ, Woodruff TJ, Rieswijk L, Sone H, Korach KS, Gore AC, Zeise L, Zoeller RT. Consensus on the key characteristics of endocrine-disrupting chemicals as a basis for hazard identification. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:45-57. [PMID: 31719706 PMCID: PMC6902641 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous chemicals that interfere with hormone action, thereby increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes, including cancer, reproductive impairment, cognitive deficits and obesity. A complex literature of mechanistic studies provides evidence on the hazards of EDC exposure, yet there is no widely accepted systematic method to integrate these data to help identify EDC hazards. Inspired by work to improve hazard identification of carcinogens using key characteristics (KCs), we have developed ten KCs of EDCs based on our knowledge of hormone actions and EDC effects. In this Expert Consensus Statement, we describe the logic by which these KCs are identified and the assays that could be used to assess several of these KCs. We reflect on how these ten KCs can be used to identify, organize and utilize mechanistic data when evaluating chemicals as EDCs, and we use diethylstilbestrol, bisphenol A and perchlorate as examples to illustrate this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Masschusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Martyn T Smith
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William Goodson
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, Sutter Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patience Browne
- Environmental Directorate, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn Z Guyton
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Vincent J Cogliano
- Office of the Science Advisor, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Linda Rieswijk
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Institute of Data Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Hideko Sone
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenneth S Korach
- Receptor Biology, Section Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrea C Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lauren Zeise
- Office of the Director, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment of the California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - R Thomas Zoeller
- Biology Department, University of Masschusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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11
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Béranger R, Hardy EM, Binter AC, Charles MA, Zaros C, Appenzeller BMR, Chevrier C. Multiple pesticides in mothers' hair samples and children's measurements at birth: Results from the French national birth cohort (ELFE). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 223:22-33. [PMID: 31708466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of studies now suggests that the general population is continuously and ubiquitously exposed to numerous pesticides. However, studies investigating the possible role of environmental exposure to pesticides on fetal growth have focused on a limited set of substances, despite the hundreds of modern pesticides currently available. AIM To explore the relation between maternal hair concentrations of 64 pesticides and metabolites and their newborns' measurements at birth, with data from the ELFE French nationwide birth cohort. METHODS We measured 64 compounds (10-100% detection) in bundles of hair 9 cm long collected at birth from 311 women who gave birth in France in 2011. We assessed their associations with birth weight, length, and head circumference, adjusted for potential confounders, and used elastic net regularization to simultaneously select the strongest predictors of measurements at birth. Selected variables were multiply imputed for missing values, and unpenalized estimators were assessed by standard linear regression. RESULTS We observed statistically significant associations between maternal hair concentrations of seven pesticides or pesticide metabolites and birth measurements (weight: fipronil sulfone; length: TCPy, bitertanol, DEP, and isoproturon; head circumference: tebuconazole and prochloraz). Analyses restricted to boys identified 12 additional compounds: 8 independently associated with birth weight (3Me4NP, DCPMU, DMST, fipronil, mecoprop, propoxur, fenhexamid, and thiabendazole), 2 with birth length (dieldrin and β-endosulfan), and 6 with head circumference (β-endosulfan, β-HCH, fenuron, DCPMU, propoxur, and thiabendazole). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to 19 pesticides or metabolites from various chemical families may influence measurements at birth. As with any exploratory research findings, results should be interpreted cautiously, until they are replicated or verified by further epidemiological or mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Béranger
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Emilie M Hardy
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Anne-Claire Binter
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Cécile Zaros
- Ined, Inserm, EFS, ELFE Joint Unit, Paris, France
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
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12
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Dallio M, Diano N, Masarone M, Gravina AG, Patanè V, Romeo M, Di Sarno R, Errico S, Nicolucci C, Abenavoli L, Scarpellini E, Boccuto L, Persico M, Loguercio C, Federico A. Chemical Effect of Bisphenol A on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173134. [PMID: 31466361 PMCID: PMC6747307 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a predominant chronic liver disease worldwide and a component of metabolic syndrome. Due to its relationship with multiple organs, it is extremely complex to precisely define its pathogenesis as well as to set appropriate therapeutic and preventive strategies. Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) in general, and bisphenol A (BPA) in particular, are a heterogeneous group of substances, largely distributed in daily use items, able to interfere with the normal signaling of several hormones that seem to be related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and other metabolic disorders. It is reasonable to hypothesize a BPA involvement in the pathogenesis and evolution of NAFLD. However, its mechanisms of action as well as its burden in the vicious circle that connects obesity, T2DM, metabolic syndrome, and NAFLD still remain to be completely defined. In this review we analyzed the scientific evidence on this promising research area, in order to provide an overview of the harmful effects linked to the exposure to EDCs as well as to frame the role that BPA would have in all phases of NAFLD evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Dallio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nadia Diano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Masarone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, via Salvador Allende, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonietta Gerarda Gravina
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Patanè
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Romeo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Sarno
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Errico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Nicolucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa-Germaneto, 88110 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, TARGID, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- Greenwood Genetic Center, 113 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Marcello Persico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, via Salvador Allende, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmelina Loguercio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Ruiz D, Regnier SM, Kirkley AG, Hara M, Haro F, Aldirawi H, Dybala MP, Sargis RM. Developmental exposure to the endocrine disruptor tolylfluanid induces sex-specific later-life metabolic dysfunction. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 89:74-82. [PMID: 31260803 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are implicated in the developmental mis-programming of energy metabolism. This study examined the impact of combined gestational and lactational exposure to the fungicide tolylfluanid (TF) on metabolic physiology in adult offspring. C57BL/6 J dams received standard rodent chow or the same diet containing 67 mg/kg TF. Offspring growth and metabolism were assessed up to 22 weeks of age. TF-exposed offspring exhibited reduced weaning weight. Body weight among female offspring remained low throughout the study, while male offspring matched controls by 17 weeks of age. Female offspring exhibited reduced glucose tolerance, markedly enhanced systemic insulin sensitivity, reduced adiposity, and normal gluconeogenic capacity during adulthood. In contrast, male offspring exhibited impaired glucose tolerance with unchanged insulin sensitivity, no differences in adiposity, and increased gluconeogenic capacity. These data indicate that developmental exposure to TF induces sex-specific metabolic disruptions that recapitulate key aspects of other in utero growth restriction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ruiz
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Chicago, IL, United States; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shane M Regnier
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Chicago, IL, United States; Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrew G Kirkley
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Manami Hara
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Fidel Haro
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hani Aldirawi
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael P Dybala
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Combarnous Y, Nguyen TMD. Comparative Overview of the Mechanisms of Action of Hormones and Endocrine Disruptor Compounds. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7010005. [PMID: 30682876 PMCID: PMC6468742 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine Disruptor Compounds (EDCs) are synthetic or natural molecules in the environment that promote adverse modifications of endogenous hormone regulation in humans and/or in wildlife animals. In the present paper, we review the potential mechanisms of EDCs and point out the similarities and differences between EDCs and hormones. There was only one mechanism, out of nine identified, in which EDCs acted like hormones (i.e. binding and stimulated hormone receptor activity). In the other eight identified mechanisms of action, EDCs exerted their effects either by affecting endogenous hormone concentration, or its availability, or by modifying hormone receptor turn over. This overview is intended to classify the various EDC mechanisms of action in order to better appreciate when in vitro tests would be valid to assess their risks towards humans and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Combarnous
- CNRS, INRA, Physiologie de la Reproduction & des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Thi Mong Diep Nguyen
- CNRS, INRA, Physiologie de la Reproduction & des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
- Faculty of Biology-Agricultural Engineering, Quy Nhon University, Binh Dinh 820000, Vietnam.
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15
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Papalou O, Kandaraki EA, Papadakis G, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: An Occult Mediator of Metabolic Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:112. [PMID: 30881345 PMCID: PMC6406073 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a heterogeneous group of exogenous chemicals that can interfere with any aspect of endogenous hormones, represent an emerging global threat for human metabolism. There is now considerable evidence that the observed upsurge of metabolic disease cannot be fully attributed to increased caloric intake, physical inactivity, sleep deficit, and ageing. Among environmental factors implicated in the global deterioration of metabolic health, EDCs have drawn the biggest attention of scientific community, and not unjustifiably. EDCs unleash a coordinated attack toward multiple components of human metabolism, including crucial, metabolically-active organs such as hypothalamus, adipose tissue, pancreatic beta cells, skeletal muscle, and liver. Specifically, EDCs' impact during critical developmental windows can promote the disruption of individual or multiple systems involved in metabolism, via inducing epigenetic changes that can permanently alter the epigenome in the germline, enabling changes to be transmitted to the subsequent generations. The clear effect of this multifaceted attack is the manifestation of metabolic disease, clinically expressed as obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Although limitations of EDCs research do exist, there is no doubt that EDCs constitute a crucial parameter of the global deterioration of metabolic health we currently encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Papalou
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
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16
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Lee HW, Pyo S. Acrylamide induces adipocyte differentiation and obesity in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 298:24-34. [PMID: 30409764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a critical risk factor for various diseases including type II diabetes, cerebral infarction, cardiovascular diseases, and various cancers. Acrylamide (ACR) is present in wide range of foods, including fried potato products, root vegetables, bakery products, chips, cakes, cereals, and coffee. In this study, ACR treatment dramatically increased the accumulation of lipid droplets. We also examined expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (c/EBPα), and CCAAT enhancer binding protein β (c/EBPβ) as adipogenic transcription factors for adipocyte differentiation. They were dose-dependently increased by treatment of ACR. Moreover, effects of ACR on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activation were investigated. Results also showed that ACR induced phosphorylation of MAPKs and AMPK-ACC. ACR also induced expression of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Exposure of ACR to high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice significantly increased body weight, organ weight, and fat mass of mice. Collectively, these result showed that ACR can act as an enhancer of adipocyte. Therefore, we suggest that up-regulation of the adipogenesis by ACR may be related to the regulation of the MAPKs and AMPK-ACC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Weon Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkneung Pyo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Cellular fatty acid level regulates the effect of tolylfluanid on mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin sensitivity in C2C12 skeletal myotubes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:392-398. [PMID: 30262144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that the endocrine disrupting chemical tolylfluanid (TF) may promote metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance in humans. The potential impact of TF on skeletal muscle metabolism has yet to be fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether TF can promote insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in mammalian skeletal muscle cells. C2C12 murine skeletal myotubes were exposed to 1 ppm TF for 24 h. To examine the potential effect of cellular fatty acid levels on TF-dependent regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and insulin signaling, we treated skeletal myotubes with 0.25 mM or 1.0 mM oleic acid (OA) during TF exposure trials. Tolylfluanid (1-10 ppm) reduced lipid accumulation by approximately 20% in 0.25 and 1.0 mM OA treated cells. The addition of 0.25 mM OA completely inhibited the TF-dependent reduction in maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) while 1.0 mM OA exacerbated the TF-dependent reduction in mitochondrial OCR. Exposing skeletal myotubes to 1 ppm TF promoted an 80% reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, which was completely inhibited by 0.25 mM OA and partially inhibited by1.0 mM OA. The addition of 0.25 mM OA promoted a TF-dependent increase in insulin-dependent P-Akt (Ser473). In contrast, the addition of 1.0 mM OA promoted a significant reduction in insulin-dependent P-Akt (Ser473). Further, the addition of 1 ppm TF significantly reduced insulin-dependent mTORC1 activity regardless of OA concentration. Finally, TF significantly reduced insulin-dependent protein synthesis in the 1 mM OA treated cells only. Our results demonstrate that the effect of 1 ppm TF on mitochondrial function and insulin-dependent protein synthesis in skeletal myotubes was largely dependent upon cellular fatty acid levels.
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18
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Gozal D, Khalyfa A, Qiao Z, Akbarpour M, Maccari R, Ottanà R. Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase-1B Mediates Sleep Fragmentation-Induced Insulin Resistance and Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Mice. Sleep 2018. [PMID: 28651353 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Sleep fragmentation (SF) is highly prevalent and has emerged as an important contributing factor to obesity and metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that SF-induced increases in protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) expression and activity underlie increased food intake, inflammation, and leptin and insulin resistance. Methods Wild-type (WT) and ObR-PTP-1b-/- mice (Tg) were exposed to SF and control sleep (SC), and food intake was monitored. WT mice received a PTP-1B inhibitor (RO-7d; Tx) or vehicle (Veh). Upon completion of exposures, systemic insulin and leptin sensitivity tests were performed as well as assessment of visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) insulin receptor sensitivity and macrophages (ATM) polarity. Results SF increased food intake in either untreated or Veh-treated WT mice. Leptin-induced hypothalamic STAT3 phosphorylation was decreased, PTP-1B activity was increased, and reduced insulin sensitivity emerged both systemic and in vWAT, with the latter displaying proinflammatory ATM polarity changes. All of the SF-induced effects were abrogated following PTP-1B inhibitor treatment and in Tg mice. Conclusions SF induces increased food intake, reduced leptin signaling in hypothalamus, systemic insulin resistance, and reduced vWAT insulin sensitivity and inflammation that are mediated by increased PTP-1B activity. Thus, PTP-1B may represent a viable therapeutic target in the context of SF-induced weight gain and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gozal
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Zhuanghong Qiao
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Rosanna Maccari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, PoloAnnunziata, V.le SS. Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Ottanà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, PoloAnnunziata, V.le SS. Annunziata, Messina, Italy
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Antidiabetic Effects of a Chinese Herbal Medicinal Compound Sangguayin Preparation via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in db/db Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2010423. [PMID: 29686718 PMCID: PMC5857309 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2010423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sangguayin (SGY), comprising four types of Chinese herbs, can be used as both food and medicine and has been clinically used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for a long time. Our previous study demonstrated the antidiabetic effect of SGY in experimental T2DM rats fed with a high-fat diet and treated with a low dose of streptozotocin. However, its mechanism of action is questionable. In this study, we refined the traditional SGY decoction and investigated its antidiabetic activity in db/db mice. We evaluated the possible molecular mechanism using skeletal muscle tissues. The results show that the treatment with SGY preparation resulted in a decrease in the blood glucose, glycated serum protein, and blood lipid levels and an improvement in the glucose tolerance as well as insulin resistance. In addition, SGY preparation remarkably upregulated the expression of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). Thus, SGY preparation is an effective agent for the treatment of T2DM, and its molecular mechanism may be related to the regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling in the skeletal muscle.
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20
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Regnier SM, Kirkley AG, Ruiz D, Kamau W, Wu Q, Kannan K, Sargis RM. Diet-dependence of metabolic perturbations mediated by the endocrine disruptor tolylfluanid. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:159-168. [PMID: 29187361 PMCID: PMC5776670 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes; however, the interactions between EDCs and traditional risk factors in disease pathogenesis remain incompletely characterized. The present study interrogates the interaction of the EDC tolylfluanid (TF) and traditional dietary stressors in the promotion of metabolic dysfunction. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) or a high-sucrose diet (HSD), with or without TF supplementation at 100 μg/g, for 12 weeks. Food intake, body weight and visceral adiposity were quantified. Glucose homeostasis was interrogated by intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests at 9 and 10 weeks of exposure, respectively. After 12 weeks of dietary exposure, metabolic cage analyses were performed to interrogate nutrient handling and energy expenditure. In the background of an HFHSD, TF promoted glucose intolerance; however, weight gain and insulin sensitivity were unchanged, and visceral adiposity was reduced. In the background of an HSD, TF increased visceral adiposity; however, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were unchanged, while weight gain was reduced. Thus, these analyses reveal that the metabolic perturbations induced by dietary exposure to TF, including the directionality of alterations in body weight gain, visceral adiposity and glucose homeostasis, are influenced by dietary macronutrient composition, suggesting that populations may exhibit distinct metabolic risks based on their unique dietary characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Regnier
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and NutritionChicago, Illinois, USA
- Pritzker School of MedicineChicago, Illinois, USA
- University of ChicagoChicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew G Kirkley
- University of ChicagoChicago, Illinois, USA
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular MedicineChicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Ruiz
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and NutritionChicago, Illinois, USA
- University of ChicagoChicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Qian Wu
- Wadsworth CenterNew York Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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21
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Polluted Pathways: Mechanisms of Metabolic Disruption by Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals. Curr Environ Health Rep 2017; 4:208-222. [PMID: 28432637 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-017-0137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Environmental toxicants are increasingly implicated in the global decline in metabolic health. Focusing on diabetes, herein, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which metabolism disrupting chemicals (MDCs) impair energy homeostasis are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging data implicate MDC perturbations in a variety of pathways as contributors to metabolic disease pathogenesis, with effects in diverse tissues regulating fuel utilization. Potentiation of traditional metabolic risk factors, such as caloric excess, and emerging threats to metabolism, such as disruptions in circadian rhythms, are important areas of current and future MDC research. Increasing evidence also implicates deleterious effects of MDCs on metabolic programming that occur during vulnerable developmental windows, such as in utero and early post-natal life as well as pregnancy. Recent insights into the mechanisms by which MDCs alter energy homeostasis will advance the field's ability to predict interactions with classical metabolic disease risk factors and empower studies utilizing targeted therapeutics to treat MDC-mediated diabetes.
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Viswanathan MP, Mullainadhan V, Chinnaiyan M, Karundevi B. Effects of DEHP and its metabolite MEHP on insulin signalling and proteins involved in GLUT4 translocation in cultured L6 myotubes. Toxicology 2017; 386:60-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Gileles-Hillel A, Almendros I, Khalyfa A, Nigdelioglu R, Qiao Z, Hamanaka RB, Mutlu GM, Akbarpour M, Gozal D. Prolonged Exposures to Intermittent Hypoxia Promote Visceral White Adipose Tissue Inflammation in a Murine Model of Severe Sleep Apnea: Effect of Normoxic Recovery. Sleep 2017; 40:2731734. [PMID: 28329220 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsw074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objective Increased visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT) mass results in infiltration of inflammatory macrophages that drive inflammation and insulin resistance. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) suffer from increased prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Murine models of intermittent hypoxia (IH) mimicking moderate-severe OSA manifest insulin resistance following short-term IH. We examined in mice the effect of long-term IH on the inflammatory cellular changes within vWAT and the potential effect of normoxic recovery (IH-R). Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to IH for 20 weeks, and a subset was allowed to recover in room air (RA) for 6 or 12 weeks (IH-R). Stromal vascular fraction was isolated from epididymal vWAT and mesenteric vWAT depots, and single-cell suspensions were prepared for flow cytometry analyses, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and metabolic assays. Results IH reduced body weight and vWAT mass and IH-R resulted in catch-up weight and vWAT mass. IH-exposed vWAT exhibited increased macrophage counts (ATMs) that were only partially improved in IH-R. IH also caused a proinflammatory shift in ATMs (increased Ly6c(hi)(+) and CD36(+) ATMs). These changes were accompanied by increased vWAT insulin resistance with only partial improvements in IH-R. In addition, ATMs exhibited increased ROS production, altered metabolism, and changes in electron transport chain, which were only partially improved in IH-R. Conclusion Prolonged exposures to IH during the sleep period induce pronounced vWAT inflammation and insulin resistance despite concomitant vWAT mass reductions. These changes are only partially reversible after 3 months of normoxic recovery. Thus, long-lasting OSA may preclude complete reversibility of metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gileles-Hillel
- Sections of Pediatric Sleep Medicine and Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Sections of Pediatric Sleep Medicine and Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Sections of Pediatric Sleep Medicine and Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Recep Nigdelioglu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Zhuanhong Qiao
- Sections of Pediatric Sleep Medicine and Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert B Hamanaka
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Gökhan M Mutlu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Sections of Pediatric Sleep Medicine and Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - David Gozal
- Sections of Pediatric Sleep Medicine and Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Heindel JJ, Blumberg B, Cave M, Machtinger R, Mantovani A, Mendez MA, Nadal A, Palanza P, Panzica G, Sargis R, Vandenberg LN, Vom Saal F. Metabolism disrupting chemicals and metabolic disorders. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 68:3-33. [PMID: 27760374 PMCID: PMC5365353 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 639] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent epidemics of metabolic diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes(T2D), liver lipid disorders and metabolic syndrome have largely been attributed to genetic background and changes in diet, exercise and aging. However, there is now considerable evidence that other environmental factors may contribute to the rapid increase in the incidence of these metabolic diseases. This review will examine changes to the incidence of obesity, T2D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the contribution of genetics to these disorders and describe the role of the endocrine system in these metabolic disorders. It will then specifically focus on the role of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the etiology of obesity, T2D and NAFLD while finally integrating the information on EDCs on multiple metabolic disorders that could lead to metabolic syndrome. We will specifically examine evidence linking EDC exposures during critical periods of development with metabolic diseases that manifest later in life and across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Extramural Research and Training Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- University of California, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Irvine CA, USA
| | - Mathew Cave
- University of Louisville, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Louisville KY, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle A Mendez
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Public Health, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Angel Nadal
- Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Paola Palanza
- University of Parma, Department of Neurosciences, Parma, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Panzica
- University of Turin, Department of Neuroscience and Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Turin, Italy
| | - Robert Sargis
- University of Chicago, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- University of Missouri, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA
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25
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Poroyko VA, Carreras A, Khalyfa A, Khalyfa AA, Leone V, Peris E, Almendros I, Gileles-Hillel A, Qiao Z, Hubert N, Farré R, Chang EB, Gozal D. Chronic Sleep Disruption Alters Gut Microbiota, Induces Systemic and Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35405. [PMID: 27739530 PMCID: PMC5064361 DOI: 10.1038/srep35405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep fragmentation (SF) commonly occurs in human populations, and although it does not involve circadian shifts or sleep deprivation, it markedly alters feeding behaviors ultimately promoting obesity and insulin resistance. These symptoms are known to be related to the host gut microbiota. Mice were exposed to SF for 4 weeks and then allowed to recover for 2 weeks. Taxonomic profiles of fecal microbiota were obtained prospectively, and conventionalization experiments were performed in germ-free mice. Adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and inflammation, as well as circulating measures of inflammation, were assayed. Effect of fecal water on colonic epithelial permeability was also examined. Chronic SF-induced increased food intake and reversible gut microbiota changes characterized by the preferential growth of highly fermentative members of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae and a decrease of Lactobacillaceae families. These lead to systemic and visceral white adipose tissue inflammation in addition to altered insulin sensitivity in mice, most likely via enhanced colonic epithelium barrier disruption. Conventionalization of germ-free mice with SF-derived microbiota confirmed these findings. Thus, SF-induced metabolic alterations may be mediated, in part, by concurrent changes in gut microbiota, thereby opening the way for gut microbiome-targeted therapeutics aimed at reducing the major end-organ morbidities of chronic SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy A Poroyko
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Alba Carreras
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ahamed A Khalyfa
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Vanessa Leone
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eduard Peris
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alex Gileles-Hillel
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhuanhong Qiao
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hubert
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ramon Farré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBER, Madrid, Spain.,Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.,Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugene B Chang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - David Gozal
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Whitby SL, Hunter DA, Yau W, Howerth EW, Gato WE. Inflammatory effect of 2-aminoanthracene (2AA) on adipose tissue gene expression in pregnant Sprague Dawley rats. Interdiscip Toxicol 2016; 9:17-24. [PMID: 28652843 PMCID: PMC5458110 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2016-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte dysfunction may be a critical link between obesity and insulin resistance as a result of abnormal fat storage and mobilization. Adipocytes uniquely secrete adipokines and cytokines, such as leptin and TNFα, wich promote insulin sensitivity. Previously we reported insulin-signaling related altered gene expression in animals exposed to 2-Aminoanthracene (2AA). 2AA is an amino-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon used in manufacturing dyes, chemicals, inks, resins, and polyurethanes. The objective of this study was to examine the inflammation related effects of 2AA exposure from gestation to postnatal period on dams that ingested 2AA. To examine 2AA effects, pregnant dams were assigned into dose regimens of 2AA. Dams were fed 2AA contaminated diet during the period of gestation and postpartum. The expression of key gene transcripts reported to be important in mediating inflammatory processes was examined via quantitative RT-PCR. Histologic examination of adipose tissue (AT) was also carried out to understand the anatomy of AT due to 2AA exposure during gestation and two weeks postpartum. Examination of the adipose tissue for microscopic changes revealed no alterations between control and low-dose animals. However, AT of the high-dose animals was infiltrated by increased numbers of CD68+mononuclear cells (macrophages) and small numbers of eosinophils and mast cells, consistent with inflammation. In addition, analysis of the mRNA expression of cytokines and adipokines demonstrated the importance of inflammation in AT dysfunction. For instance, TNFα, LEPTIN and IL-6 transcripts were relatively more expressed in the low dose animals than in the high dose and control rats. At the protein level, however, high amounts of cytokines were noted. The effects of 2AA on pregnant dams appear to be more pronounced in the high dose group than in the low dose group, possibly indicating increased susceptibility of rat offspring within this group to elicit a diabetic-type response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamaya L Whitby
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Daniel A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Wilson Yau
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Worlanyo E Gato
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Liu R, Gan J, Liu J, Liu W. Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Pesticides through Interference with Human Glucocorticoid Receptor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:435-443. [PMID: 26647222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many pesticides have been identified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) due to their ability to bind sex-steroid hormone receptors. However, little attention has been paid to the ability of pesticides to interfere with other steroid hormone receptors such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR) that plays a critical role in metabolic, endocrine, immune, and nervous systems. In this study, the glucocorticoidic and antiglucocorticoidic effects of 34 pesticides on human GR were investigated using luciferase reporter gene assay. Surprisingly, none of the test chemicals showed GR agonistic activity, but 12 chemicals exhibited apparent antagonistic effects. Bifenthrin, λ-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, resmethrin, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, methoxychlor, ethiofencarb, and tolylfluanid showed remarkable GR antagonistic properties with RIC20 values lower than 10(-6) M. The disruption of glucocorticoid-responsive genes in H4IIE and J774A.1 cells was further evaluated on these 12 GR antagonists. In H4IIEcells, four organochlorine insecticides, bifenthrin, and 3-PBA decreased cortisol-induced PEPCK gene expression, while o,p'-DDT and methoxychlor inhibited cortisol-stimulated Arg and TAT gene expression. Cypermethrin and tolyfluanid attenuated cortisol-induced TAT expression. In J774A.1 cells, λ-cyhalothrin, resmethrin, 3-PBA, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, methoxychlor- and tolylfluanid-reduced cortisol-stimulated GILZ expression. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation indicated that different interactions may stabilize the binding between molecules and GR. Our findings suggest that comprehensive screening and evaluation of GR antagonists and agonists should be considered to better understand the health and ecological risks of man-made chemicals such as pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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28
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Liu Q, Li X, Li C, Zheng Y, Peng G. 1-Deoxynojirimycin Alleviates Insulin Resistance via Activation of Insulin Signaling PI3K/AKT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle of db/db Mice. Molecules 2015; 20:21700-14. [PMID: 26690098 PMCID: PMC6331926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is widely used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus as an inhibitor of intestinal α-glucosidase. However, there are few reports about its effect on insulin sensitivity improvement. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether DNJ decreased hyperglycemia by improving insulin sensitivity. An economical method was established to prepare large amounts of DNJ. Then, db/db mice were treated with DNJ intravenously (20, 40 and 80 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for four weeks. Blood glucose and biochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects on hyperglycemia and the related molecular mechanisms in skeletal muscle were explored. DNJ significantly reduced body weight, blood glucose and serum insulin levels. DNJ treatment also improved glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. Moreover, although expressions of total protein kinase B (AKT), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), insulin receptor beta (IR-β), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle were not affected, GLUT4 translocation and phosphorylation of Ser473-AKT, p85-PI3K, Tyr1361-IR-β and Tyr612-IRS1 were significantly increased by DNJ treatment. These results indicate that DNJ significantly improved insulin sensitivity via activating insulin signaling PI3K/AKT pathway in skeletal muscle of db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Cunyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Guoping Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, China.
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29
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Cheng K, Wagner L, Moazzami AA, Gómez-Requeni P, Schiller Vestergren A, Brännäs E, Pickova J, Trattner S. Decontaminated fishmeal and fish oil from the Baltic Sea are promising feed sources for Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinusL.)-studies of flesh lipid quality and metabolic profile. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Liane Wagner
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ali A. Moazzami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Pedro Gómez-Requeni
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Eva Brännäs
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Umeå Sweden
| | - Jana Pickova
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice; CENAKVA; Vodnany Czech Republic
| | - Sofia Trattner
- Department of Food Science, Uppsala BioCenter; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
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Regnier SM, El-Hashani E, Kamau W, Zhang X, Massad NL, Sargis RM. Tributyltin differentially promotes development of a phenotypically distinct adipocyte. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1864-71. [PMID: 26243053 PMCID: PMC4551608 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity. Evidence implicates various EDCs as being proadipogenic, including tributyltin (TBT), which activates the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). However, the conditions required for TBT-induced adipogenesis and its functional consequences are incompletely known. METHODS The costimulatory conditions necessary for preadipocyte-to-adipocyte differentiation were compared between TBT and the pharmacological PPARγ agonist troglitazone (Trog) in the 3T3-L1 cell line; basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were assessed using radiolabeled 2-deoxyglucose. RESULTS TBT enhanced expression of the adipocyte marker C/EBPα with coexposure to either isobutylmethylxanthine or insulin in the absence of other adipogenic stimuli. Examination of several adipocyte-specific proteins revealed that TBT and Trog differentially affected protein expression despite comparable PPARγ stimulation. In particular, TBT reduced adiponectin expression upon maximal adipogenic stimulation. Under submaximal stimulation, TBT and Trog differentially promoted adipocyte-specific gene expression despite similar lipid accumulation. Moreover, TBT attenuated Trog-induced adipocyte gene expression under conditions of cotreatment. Finally, TBT-induced adipocytes exhibited altered glucose metabolism, with increased basal glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS TBT-induced adipocytes are functionally distinct from those generated by a pharmacological PPARγ agonist, suggesting that obesogen-induced adipogenesis may generate dysfunctional adipocytes with the capacity to deleteriously affect global energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M. Regnier
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Essam El-Hashani
- Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Wakanene Kamau
- Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Nicole L. Massad
- Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Corresponding Author: Robert M. Sargis, MD, PhD, University of Chicago, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 900 E. 57 ST, KCBD 8120, Chicago, IL 60637, Phone: 773-834-1915, Fax: 773-834-0851,
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31
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Fukunaga E, Enma K, Saitoh S, Nishimura-Danjyobara Y, Oyama Y, Akaike N. Increase in intracellular Ca(2+) level by phenylsulfamide fungicides, tolylfluanid and dichlofluanid, in rat thymic lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:149-155. [PMID: 26119233 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tolylfluanid, a phenylsulfamide fungicide, is one of the many pesticides that are frequently detected in crops. Therefore, its health risk is a concern. Micromolar concentrations of tolylfluanid induce chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in mammalian lymphocytes. The findings prompted us to study the cellular actions of tolylfluanid and another frequently detected pesticide, dichlofluanid, at submicromolar and micromolar concentrations. Of the cellular actions of chemicals, the action on cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis is important since Ca(2+) is involved in cell signaling and death. Consequently, in this study, the effects of phenylsulfamide fungicides were examined on rat thymocytes by using fluorescent probes in order to further characterize the cellular actions of phenylsulfamide fungicides. Both phenylsulfamide fungicides exhibited biphasic, early and late, increase in intracellular Ca(2+) levels. The early phase was dependent on intracellular Ca(2+) release and increased membrane Ca(2+) permeability. The late phase was owing to Ca(2+) influx via activation of store-operated Ca(2+) channels and the further increase of membrane ionic permeability. Voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels were not involved. The increases in intracellular Ca(2+) levels by phenylsulfamide fungicides were observed at drug concentrations of 0.1 μM or more (up to 10 μM). Thus, it is plausible that micromolar concentrations of phenylsulfamide fungicides deregulate intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis in rat thymocytes. Both phenylsulfamide fungicides at 10 μM promoted the transition from intact living cells to living cells with phosphatidylserine-exposed membranes. This was not the case for phenylsulfamide fungicides at 3 μM. The potency of tolylfluanid was similar to that of dichlofluanid. Although the information on residual concentrations of tolylfluanid and dichlofluanid is very limited, their residual concentrations do not reach micromolar levels. It is unlikely that humans will develop adverse effects on exposure to phenylsulfamide fungicides under present environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Fukunaga
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Kana Enma
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Shohei Saitoh
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | | | - Yasuo Oyama
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan.
| | - Norio Akaike
- Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
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Regnier SM, Kirkley AG, Ye H, El-Hashani E, Zhang X, Neel BA, Kamau W, Thomas CC, Williams AK, Hayes ET, Massad NL, Johnson DN, Huang L, Zhang C, Sargis RM. Dietary exposure to the endocrine disruptor tolylfluanid promotes global metabolic dysfunction in male mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:896-910. [PMID: 25535829 PMCID: PMC4330315 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Environmental endocrine disruptors are implicated as putative contributors to the burgeoning metabolic disease epidemic. Tolylfluanid (TF) is a commonly detected fungicide in Europe, and previous in vitro and ex vivo work has identified it as a potent endocrine disruptor with the capacity to promote adipocyte differentiation and induce adipocytic insulin resistance, effects likely resulting from activation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling. The present study extends these findings to an in vivo mouse model of dietary TF exposure. After 12 weeks of consumption of a normal chow diet supplemented with 100 parts per million TF, mice exhibited increased body weight gain and an increase in total fat mass, with a specific augmentation in visceral adipose depots. This increased adipose accumulation is proposed to occur through a reduction in lipolytic and fatty acid oxidation gene expression. Dietary TF exposure induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and metabolic inflexibility, while also disrupting diurnal rhythms of energy expenditure and food consumption. Adipose tissue endocrine function was also impaired with a reduction in serum adiponectin levels. Moreover, adipocytes from TF-exposed mice exhibited reduced insulin sensitivity, an effect likely mediated through a specific down-regulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 expression, mirroring effects of ex vivo TF exposure. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis revealed an increase in adipose glucocorticoid receptor signaling with TF treatment. Taken together, these findings identify TF as a novel in vivo endocrine disruptor and obesogen in mice, with dietary exposure leading to alterations in energy homeostasis that recapitulate many features of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Regnier
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition (S.M.R., R.M.S.), Pritzker School of Medicine (S.M.R., R.M.S.), Kovler Diabetes Center (H.Y., E.E.-H., X.Z., C.C.T., N.L.M., R.M.S.), Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine (A.G.K., B.A.N.), Department of Pathology (D.N.J.), Center for Research Informatics (L.H., C.Z.), and University of Chicago (S.M.R., A.G.K., H.Y., E.E.-H., X.Z., B.A.N., W.K., C.C.T., N.L.M., D.N.J., L.H., C.Z., R.M.S.), Chicago, Illinois 60637; Kennedy-King College (A.K.W.), Chicago, Illinois 60621; and Walter Payton College Preparatory High School (E.T.H.), Chicago, Illinois 60610
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Carreras A, Zhang SXL, Almendros I, Wang Y, Peris E, Qiao Z, Gozal D. Resveratrol attenuates intermittent hypoxia-induced macrophage migration to visceral white adipose tissue and insulin resistance in male mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:437-43. [PMID: 25406018 PMCID: PMC5393321 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia during sleep (IH), as occurs in sleep apnea, promotes systemic insulin resistance. Resveratrol (Resv) has been reported to ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. To examine the effect of Resv on IH-induced metabolic dysfunction, male mice were subjected to IH or room air conditions for 8 weeks and treated with either Resv or vehicle (Veh). Fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and leptin were obtained, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index levels were calculated, and insulin sensitivity tests (phosphorylated AKT [also known as protein kinase B]/total AKT) were performed in 2 visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT) depots (epididymal [Epi] and mesenteric [Mes]) along with flow cytometry assessments for VWAT macrophages and phenotypes (M1 and M2). IH-Veh and IH-Resv mice showed initial reductions in food intake with later recovery, with resultant lower body weights after 8 weeks but with IH-Resv showing better increases in body weight vs IH-Veh. IH-Veh and IH-Resv mice exhibited lower fasting glucose levels, but only IH-Veh had increased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index vs all 3 other groups. Leptin levels were preserved in IH-Veh but were significantly lower in IH-Resv. Reduced VWAT phosphorylated-AKT/AKT responses to insulin emerged in both Mes and Epi in IH-Veh but normalized in IH-Resv. Increases total macrophage counts and in M1 to M2 ratios occurred in IH-Veh Mes and Epi compared all other 3 groups. Thus, Resv ameliorates food intake and weight gain during IH exposures and markedly attenuates VWAT inflammation and insulin resistance, thereby providing a potentially useful adjunctive therapy for metabolic morbidity in the context of sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Carreras
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Sargis RM. Metabolic disruption in context: Clinical avenues for synergistic perturbations in energy homeostasis by endocrine disrupting chemicals. ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS (AUSTIN, TEX.) 2015; 3:e1080788. [PMID: 27011951 PMCID: PMC4801233 DOI: 10.1080/23273747.2015.1080788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The global epidemic of metabolic disease is a clear and present danger to both individual and societal health. Understanding the myriad factors contributing to obesity and diabetes is essential for curbing their decades-long expansion. Emerging data implicate environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The phenylsulfamide fungicide and anti-fouling agent tolylfluanid (TF) was recently added to the list of EDCs promoting metabolic dysfunction. Dietary exposure to this novel metabolic disruptor promoted weight gain, increased adiposity, and glucose intolerance as well as systemic and cellular insulin resistance. Interestingly, the increase in body weight and adipose mass was not a consequence of increased food consumption; rather, it may have resulted from disruptions in diurnal patterns of energy intake, raising the possibility that EDCs may promote metabolic dysfunction through alterations in circadian rhythms. While these studies provide further evidence that EDCs may promote the development of obesity and diabetes, many questions remain regarding the clinical factors that modulate patient-specific consequences of EDC exposure, including the impact of genetics, diet, lifestyle, underlying disease, pharmacological treatments, and clinical states of fat redistribution. Currently, little is known regarding the impact of these factors on an individual's susceptibility to environmentally-mediated metabolic disruption. Advances in these areas will be critical for translating EDC science into the clinic to enable physicians to stratify an individual's risk of developing EDC-induced metabolic disease and to provide direction for treating exposed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Sargis
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition; Kovler Diabetes Center; Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Medicine; University of Chicago; Chicago, IL USA
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Cho S, Kim J, Kang G, Kim TH. Crystal structure of tolyl-fluanid. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:o1114-5. [PMID: 25484703 PMCID: PMC4257202 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814020741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C10H13Cl2FN2O2S2 {systematic name: N-[(dichlorofluoromethyl)sulfanyl]-N′,N′-dimethyl-N-p-tolylsulfamide}, is a well known fungicide. The dihedral angle between the mean plane of the dimethylamino group and that of the benzene ring is 32.3 (3)°. One Cl atom and one F atom of the dichlorofluoromethylthio group are disordered over two sets of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.605 (9):0.395 (9). In the crystal structure, two C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds link adjacent molecules, forming dimers with R22(14) loops. C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link pairs of dimers into chains along the b-axis direction. These chains are joined by an additional C—H⋯O contact, generating a sheet in the ab plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghwa Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang, National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jineun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang, National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihaeng Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang, National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang, National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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36
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Limaye S, Salvi S. Obesity and asthma: the role of environmental pollutants. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2014; 34:839-55. [PMID: 25282295 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a well-known risk for lung diseases, including asthma. Growing evidences suggesting air pollution as a novel risk factor for the development of obesity. Several Epidemiological studies have ascertained an association between various ambient and indoor air pollutants and obesity by medium of endocrine disruptive chemicals that can disrupt the normal development and homeostatic controls over adipogenesis and energy balance and induce obesity. Several obesity-induced mechanisms have been proposed that increases this vulnerability of obese individuals to harmful effects of air pollution rendering them more susceptible to developing air-pollution driven incident asthma or worsening of already existing asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Limaye
- Chest Research Foundation, Marigold Premises, Survey No 15, Vadgaonsheri, Kalyaninagar, Pune 411 014, India.
| | - Sundeep Salvi
- Chest Research Foundation, Marigold Premises, Survey No 15, Vadgaonsheri, Kalyaninagar, Pune 411 014, India
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37
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Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate From Sea Cucumber Improves Glucose Metabolism and Activates Insulin Signaling in the Liver of Insulin-Resistant Mice. J Med Food 2014; 17:749-57. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Abstract
Rates of metabolic diseases have increased at an astounding rate in recent decades. Even though poor diet and physical inactivity are central drivers, these lifestyle changes alone fail to fully account for the magnitude and rapidity of the epidemic. Thus, attention has turned to identifying novel risk factors, including the contribution of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals. Epidemiologic and preclinical data support a role for various contaminants in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In addition to the vascular risk associated with dysglycemia, emerging evidence implicates multiple pollutants in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Reviewed herein are studies linking endocrine disruptors to these key diseases that drive significant individual and societal morbidity and mortality. Identifying chemicals associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease as well as their mechanisms of action is critical for developing novel treatment strategies and public policy to mitigate the impact of these diseases on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Kirkley
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition
- Kovler Diabetes Center
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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39
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Regnier SM, Sargis RM. Adipocytes under assault: environmental disruption of adipose physiology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1842:520-33. [PMID: 23735214 PMCID: PMC3823640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The burgeoning obesity epidemic has placed enormous strains on individual and societal health mandating a careful search for pathogenic factors, including the contributions made by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In addition to evidence that some exogenous chemicals have the capacity to modulate classical hormonal signaling axes, there is mounting evidence that several EDCs can also disrupt metabolic pathways and alter energy homeostasis. Adipose tissue appears to be a particularly important target of these metabolic disruptions. A diverse array of compounds has been shown to alter adipocyte differentiation, and several EDCs have been shown to modulate adipocyte physiology, including adipocytic insulin action and adipokine secretion. This rapidly emerging evidence demonstrating that environmental contaminants alter adipocyte function emphasizes the potential role that disruption of adipose physiology by EDCs may play in the global epidemic of metabolic disease. Further work is required to better characterize the molecular targets responsible for mediating the effects of EDCs on adipose tissue. Improved understanding of the precise signaling pathways altered by exposure to environmental contaminants will enhance our understanding of which chemicals pose a threat to metabolic health and how those compounds synergize with lifestyle factors to promote obesity and its associated complications. This knowledge may also improve our capacity to predict which synthetic compounds may alter energy homeostasis before they are released into the environment while also providing critical evidentiary support for efforts to restrict the production and use of chemicals that pose the greatest threat to human metabolic health. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Modulation of Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Regnier
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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40
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Sargis RM. The hijacking of cellular signaling and the diabetes epidemic: mechanisms of environmental disruption of insulin action and glucose homeostasis. Diabetes Metab J 2014; 38:13-24. [PMID: 24627823 PMCID: PMC3950190 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2014.38.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The burgeoning epidemic of metabolic disease causes significant societal and individual morbidity and threatens the stability of health care systems around the globe. Efforts to understand the factors that contribute to metabolic derangements are critical for reversing these troubling trends. While excess caloric consumption and physical inactivity superimposed on a susceptible genetic background are central drivers of this crisis, these factors alone fail to fully account for the magnitude and rapidity with which metabolic diseases have increased in prevalence worldwide. Recent epidemiological evidence implicates endocrine disrupting chemicals in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. These compounds represent a diverse array of chemicals to which humans are exposed via multiple routes in adulthood and during development. Furthermore, a growing ensemble of animal- and cell-based studies provides preclinical evidence supporting the hypothesis that environmental contaminants contribute to the development of metabolic diseases, including diabetes. Herein are reviewed studies linking specific endocrine disruptors to impairments in glucose homeostasis as well as tying these compounds to disturbances in insulin secretion and impairments in insulin signal transduction. While the data remains somewhat incomplete, the current body of evidence supports the hypothesis that our chemically polluted environment may play a contributing role in the current metabolic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Sargis
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Kovler Diabetes Center, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Hectors TLM, Vanparys C, Van Gaal LF, Jorens PG, Covaci A, Blust R. Insulin resistance and environmental pollutants: experimental evidence and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:1273-81. [PMID: 24058052 PMCID: PMC3855520 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic disruptor hypothesis postulates that environmental pollutants may be risk factors for metabolic diseases. Because insulin resistance is involved in most metabolic diseases and current health care prevention programs predominantly target insulin resistance or risk factors thereof, a critical analysis of the role of pollutants in insulin resistance might be important for future management of metabolic diseases. OBJECTIVES We aimed to critically review the available information linking pollutant exposure to insulin resistance and to open the discussion on future perspectives for metabolic disruptor identification and prioritization strategies. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science for experimental studies reporting on linkages between environmental pollutants and insulin resistance and identified a total of 23 studies as the prime literature. DISCUSSION Recent studies specifically designed to investigate the effect of pollutants on insulin sensitivity show a potential causation of insulin resistance. Based on these studies, a summary of viable test systems and end points can be composed, allowing insight into what is missing and what is needed to create a standardized insulin resistance toxicity testing strategy. CONCLUSIONS It is clear that current research predominantly relies on top-down identification of insulin resistance-inducing metabolic disruptors and that the development of dedicated in vitro or ex vivo screens to allow animal sparing and time- and cost-effective bottom-up screening is a major future research need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine L M Hectors
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Zhang SXL, Khalyfa A, Wang Y, Carreras A, Hakim F, Neel BA, Brady MJ, Qiao Z, Hirotsu C, Gozal D. Sleep fragmentation promotes NADPH oxidase 2-mediated adipose tissue inflammation leading to insulin resistance in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 38:619-24. [PMID: 23897221 PMCID: PMC3907464 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Short sleep has been implicated in higher risk of obesity in humans, and is associated with insulin resistance. However, the effects of fragmented sleep (SF) rather than curtailed sleep on glucose homeostasis are unknown. Methods Wild type and NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) null male mice were subjected to SF or sleep control (SC) conditions for 3 days-3 weeks. Systemic and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) insulin sensitivity tests, glucose tolerance test, FACS and immunohistochemistry for macrophages and sub-types (M1 and M2) and Nox expression and activity were examined. Results Here show that SF in the absence of sleep curtailment induces time-dependent insulin resistance, in vivo and also in vitro in VAT. Oxidative stress pathways were up-regulated by SF in VAT, and were accompanied by M1 macrophage polarization. SF-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance in VAT were completely abrogated in genetically altered mice lacking Nox2 activity. Conclusions These studies imply that SF, a frequent occurrence in many disorders and more specifically in sleep apnea, is a potent inducer of insulin resistance via activation of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, thereby opening the way for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X L Zhang
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Khalyfa
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Carreras
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - F Hakim
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B A Neel
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M J Brady
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Z Qiao
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Hirotsu
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Gozal
- Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Neel BA, Brady MJ, Sargis RM. The endocrine disrupting chemical tolylfluanid alters adipocyte metabolism via glucocorticoid receptor activation. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:394-406. [PMID: 23340252 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid signaling plays a critical role in regulating energy metabolism. Emerging data implicate environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals as contributors to the obesity and diabetes epidemics. Previous studies have shown that the phenylsulfamide fungicide tolylfluanid (TF) augments glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent luciferase expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes while modulating insulin action in primary murine and human adipocytes. Studies were performed to interrogate glucocorticoid signaling in primary adipocytes exposed to TF. TF mimicked the gene transcription profile of the murine glucocorticoid corticosterone (Cort). Cellular fractionation assays demonstrated that TF treatment promoted the activating serine phosphorylation of GR, augmenting its cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation as well as its enrichment at glucocorticoid response elements on the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper gene promoter. After acute treatment, Cort or TF promoted insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene and protein expression. Either treatment also enriched GR binding at an identified glucocorticoid response element in the IRS-1 gene. TF or Cort each increased insulin-stimulated lipogenesis, an effect resulting from increased lipogenic gene expression and enhanced insulin-stimulated dephosphorylation of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. The augmentation of insulin-stimulated lipogenesis was mediated through a specific enhancement of Akt phosphorylation at T308. These findings support modulation of IRS-1 levels as a mechanism for glucocorticoid-mediated changes in insulin action in primary adipocytes. Albeit with less affinity than Cort, in silico analysis suggests that TF can interact with the ligand binding pocket of GR. Collectively, these studies identify TF as a structurally unique environmental glucocorticoid. Glucocorticoid signaling may thus represent a novel pathway by which environmental toxicants promote the development of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Neel
- Committee on Molecular Pathogenesis and Molecular Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Dyck R, Karunanayake C, Pahwa P, Hagel L, Lawson J, Rennie D, Dosman J. Prevalence, risk factors and co-morbidities of diabetes among adults in rural Saskatchewan: the influence of farm residence and agriculture-related exposures. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:7. [PMID: 23289729 PMCID: PMC3552674 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although rural Canadians are reported to have higher rates of diabetes than others, little is known about the relative influence of known versus agriculture-related risk factors. The purpose of this research was to carry out a comprehensive study of prevalence, risk factors and co-morbidities of diabetes among adults in rural Saskatchewan and to determine possible differences between those living on and off farms. METHODS In 2010, we conducted a baseline mail-out survey (Saskatchewan Rural Health Study) of 11,982 households located in the province's four agricultural quadrants. In addition to self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes, the questionnaire collected information from farm and small town cohorts on possible diabetes determinants including lifestyle, family history, early life factors and environmental/agricultural-related exposures. Clustering effect within households was adjusted using Generalized Estimating Equations approach. RESULTS Responses were obtained from 4624 (42%) households comprising 8208 males and females aged 18 years or older and 7847 self-described Caucasian participants (7708 with complete information). The overall age-standardized diabetes prevalence for the latter was 6.35% but people whose primary residence was on farms had significantly lower diabetes prevalence than those living in non-farm locations (5.11% versus 7.33% respectively; p<0.0001). Diabetes risk increased with age and affected almost 17% of those older than 65 (OR 2.57; CI' 1.63, 4.04 compared to those aged 18-45). Other known independent risk factors included family history of diabetes (OR 2.50 [CI's 1.94, 3.23] if father; OR 3.11 [CI's 2.44, 3.98] if mother), obesity (OR 2.66; CI's 1.86, 3.78), as well as lower socioeconomic status, minimal/no alcohol intake and smoking. The most original finding was that exposure to insecticides conferred an increased risk for diabetes among males (OR 1.83; CI's 1.15, 2.91). Finally, the co-morbidities with the strongest independent association with diabetes were heart disease and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS While known diabetes risk factors are important determinants of diabetes in the agricultural zones of Saskatchewan, on-farm residence is protective and appears related to increased outdoor activities. In contrast, we have now shown for the first time that exposure to insecticides is an independent risk factor for diabetes among men in rural Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Dyck
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Chandima Karunanayake
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Punam Pahwa
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Louise Hagel
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Josh Lawson
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Donna Rennie
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - James Dosman
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Hu S, Chang Y, Wang J, Xue C, Shi D, Xu H, Wang Y. Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Acaudina molpadioides improves hyperglycemia via activation of PKB/GLUT4 signaling in skeletal muscle of insulin resistant mice. Food Funct 2013; 4:1639-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60247h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sargis RM, Howard SG, Newbold RR, Heindel JJ. THE DIABETES EPIDEMIC: Environmental Chemical Exposure in Etiology and Treatment. SAN FRANCISCO MEDICINE 2012; 85:18-20. [PMID: 24771962 PMCID: PMC3996836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Sargis
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago
| | - Sarah G Howard
- Collaborative on Health and the Environment in Bolinas, California
| | - Retha R Newbold
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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