1
|
Gonzalez CE, Vaidya RS, Clayton SW, Tang SY. Secreted chemokines reveal diverse inflammatory and degenerative processes in the intervertebral disc of the STZ-HFD mouse model of Type 2 diabetes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.31.605332. [PMID: 39131361 PMCID: PMC11312574 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.31.605332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The chronic inflammation present in type 2 diabetes causes many chronic inflammatory comorbidities, including cardiovascular, renal, and neuropathic complications. Type 2 diabetes is also associated with a number of spinal pathologies, including intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and chronic neck and back pain. Although confounding factors such as obesity are thought to increase the loads to the musculoskeletal system and subsequent degeneration, studies have shown that even after adjusting age, body mass index, and genetics (e.g. twins), patients with diabetes suffer from disproportionately more IVD degeneration and back pain. Yet the tissue-specific responses of the IVD during diabetes remains relatively unknown. We hypothesize that chronic diabetes fosters a proinflammatory microenvironment within the IVD that accelerates degeneration and increases susceptibility to painful disorders. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated two commonly used mouse models of diabetes - the leptin-receptor deficient mouse (db/db) and the chronic high-fat diet in mice with impaired beta-cell function (STZ-HFD). The db/db is a genetic model that spontaneous develop diabetes through hyperphagia, while the STZ-HFD mouse first exhibits rapid obesity development under HFD and pronounced insulin resistance following streptozotocin administration. Both animal models were allowed to develop sustained diabetes for at least twelve weeks, as defined by elevated hemoglobin A1C, hyperglycemia, and glucose intolerance. Following the twelve-week period, the IVDs were extracted in quantified in several measures including tissue-specific secreted cytokines, viscoelastic mechanical behavior, structural composition, and histopathologic degeneration. Although there were no differences in mechanical function or the overall structure of the IVD, the STZ-HFD IVDs were more degenerated. More notably, the STZ-HFD model shows a significantly higher fold increase for eight cytokines: CXCL2, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL12 (monocyte/macrophage associated), IL-2, CXCL9 (T-cell associated), and CCL5 (pleiotropic). Correlative network analyses revealed that the expression of cytokines differentially regulated between the db/db and the STZ-HFD models. Moreover, the STZ-HFD contained a fragmented and modular cytokine network, indicating greater complexities in the regulatory network. Taken together, the STZ-HFD model of type 2 diabetes may better recapitulate the complexities of the chronic inflammatory processes in the IVD during diabetes.
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan K. Recent advances in the effect of adipose tissue inflammation on insulin resistance. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111229. [PMID: 38763181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major risk factors for diabetes. Excessive accumulation of fat leads to inflammation of adipose tissue, which can increase the risk of developing diabetes. Obesity-related chronic inflammation can result in anomalies in glucose-lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, and it is a major cause of β-cell dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Thus, a long-term tissue inflammatory response is crucial for metabolic diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes. Chronic inflammation associated with obesity increases oxidative stress, secretes inflammatory factors, modifies endocrine variables, and interferes with insulin signalling pathways, all of which contribute to insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. Insulin resistance and diabetes are ultimately caused by chronic inflammation in the stomach, pancreas, liver, muscle, and fat tissues. In this article, we systematically summarize the latest research progress on the mechanisms of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, as well as the mechanisms of cross-talk between adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, with a view to providing some meaningful therapeutic strategies for the treatment of insulin resistance by controlling adipose tissue inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Yan
- The Second Clinical College of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pan C, Yu T, Zhao H, He J, Lu X, Tang H, Hong Y, Shang C, Wu Q, Yang A, Li C, Zhou M, Shi Y. Evaluation of pancreatic iodine uptake and related influential factors in multiphase dual-energy CT. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10850-0. [PMID: 38913243 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish normative values and identify potential factors influencing pancreatic iodine uptake using dual-energy CT (DECT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included participants without pancreatic diseases undergoing DECT at two institutions with different platforms. Their protocols both included arterial phase (AP), portal venous phase (PP), and equilibrium phase (EP), defined as 35 s-40 s, 60 s-70 s, and 150 s-180 s after injection of contrast agent, respectively. Both iodine concentration (IC) and normalised IC (NIC) were measured. Demographic features, local measurements of the pancreas and visceral fat area (VFA) were considered as potential factors influencing iodine uptake using multivariate linear regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 562 participants (median age 58 years [interquartile range: 47-67], with 282 men) were evaluated. The mean IC differed significantly between two institutions (all p < 0.001) across three contrast-enhanced phases, while the mean NIC showed no significant differences (all p > 0.05). The mean values of NIC were 0.22 at AP, 0.43 at PP and 0.45 at EP. NICAP was independently affected by VFA (β = 0.362, p < 0.001), smoking (β = -0.240, p = 0.001), and type-II diabetes (β = -0.449, p < 0.001); NICPP by VFA (β = -0.301, p = 0.017) and smoking (β = -0.291, p < 0.001); and NICEP by smoking (β = -0.154, p = 0.10) and alcohol consumption (β = -0.350, p < 0.001) with statistical power values over 0.81. CONCLUSION NIC values were consistent across institutions. Abdominal obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes are independent factors influencing pancreatic iodine uptake. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT This study has provided reference normative values, influential factors and effective normalisation methods of pancreatic iodine uptake in multiphase dual-energy CT for future studies in this area as a new biological marker. KEY POINTS Evaluation of pancreatic iodine uptake measured by dual-energy CT is a promising method for future studies. Abdominal obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, and sex are independent factors influencing pancreatic iodine uptake. Utility of normalised iodine concentration is necessary to ensure the consistency across different institutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Pan
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiani He
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- CT Clinical Science CT, Philips Healthcare, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Tang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Shang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qijun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aoran Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunli Li
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minghui Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Leto G, Minervini G, Para O, Giordano M. Microbiota and Glucidic Metabolism: A Link with Multiple Aspects and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10409. [PMID: 37373556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of overweight and obesity has dramatically increased in the last few decades, with a significant socioeconomic burden. In this narrative review, we include clinical studies aiming to provide the necessary knowledge on the role of the gut microbiota in the development of diabetic pathology and glucose-metabolism-related disorders. In particular, the role of a certain microbial composition of the fermentative type seems to emerge without a specific link to the development in certain subjects of obesity and the chronic inflammation of the adipose tissues, which underlies the pathological development of all the diseases related to glucose metabolism and metabolic syndrome. The gut microbiota plays an important role in glucose tolerance. Conclusion. New knowledge and new information is presented on the development of individualized therapies for patients affected by all the conditions related to reduced glucose tolerance and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ciarambino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Marcianise, ASL Caserta, 81037 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Crispino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Latina, ASL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Leto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Lagonegro, AOR San Carlo, 85042 Lagonegro, Italy
| | - Ombretta Para
- Internal Emergency Department, Hospital of Careggi, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Department of Medical Science, University of Campania, L. Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Therapeutic or lifelong training effects on pancreatic morphological and functional parameters in an animal model of aging and obesity. Exp Gerontol 2023; 175:112144. [PMID: 36907475 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity, aging, and physical training are factors influencing pancreatic functional and morphological parameters. Aiming to clarify the impact of the interaction of these factors, we analyzed the effect of therapeutic or lifelong physical training on body adiposity and pancreatic functional and morphological parameters of aged and obese rats. METHODS 24 male Wistar rats were (initial age = 4 months and final age = 14 months) randomly divided into three aged and obese experimental groups (n = 8/group): untrained, therapeutic trained, and lifelong trained. Body adiposity, plasmatic concentration and pancreatic immunostaining of insulin, markers of tissue inflammation, lipid peroxidation, activity and immunostaining of antioxidant enzymes, and parameters of pancreatic morphology were evaluated. RESULTS Lifelong physical training improved the body adiposity, plasmatic insulin concentration, and macrophage immunostaining in the pancreas. The animals submitted to therapeutic and lifelong training showed an increase in the density of the pancreatic islets; lower insulin, Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), and Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) immunostaining in the pancreatic parenchyma, as well as lower pancreatic tissue lipid peroxidation, lower fibrosis area, increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) immunostaining, with the greatest effect in the lifelong training group. CONCLUSION Lifelong training promoted greater beneficial effects on the pancreatic functional and morphological parameters of aged and obese animals compared to therapeutic exercise.
Collapse
|
6
|
Identification of FGF13 as a Potential Biomarker and Target for Diagnosis of Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021807. [PMID: 36675322 PMCID: PMC9867186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Early identification of pre-diabetes provides an opportunity for intervention and treatment to delay its progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to identify the biomarkers of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) through bioinformatics analysis. The GSE76896 dataset, including non-diabetic (ND), IGT, and T2DM clinical samples, was deeply analyzed to identify 309 Co-DEGs for IGT and T2DM. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that inflammatory responses and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway are important patho-physiological features of IGT and T2DM. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and cytoHubba technolgy identified seven hub genes: namely, CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL8, EDN1, FGF13, MMP1, and NGF. The expression and ROC curves of these hub genes were validated using the GSE38642 dataset. Through an immunofluorescence assay, we found that the expression of FGF13 in islets of mice in the HFD and T2DM groups was significantly lower than in the control group. Similarly, the level of FGF13 in the sera of IGT and T2DM patients was lower than that in the healthy group. Together, these results suggest that FGF13 can be treated as a novel biomarker of IGT, which may provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of pre-diabetes and T2DM.
Collapse
|
7
|
Reiterer M, Gilani A, Lo JC. Pancreatic Islets as a Target of Adipokines. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4039-4065. [PMID: 35950650 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rising rates of obesity are intricately tied to the type 2 diabetes epidemic. The adipose tissues can play a central role in protection against or triggering metabolic diseases through the secretion of adipokines. Many adipokines may improve peripheral insulin sensitivity through a variety of mechanisms, thereby indirectly reducing the strain on beta cells and thus improving their viability and functionality. Such effects will not be the focus of this article. Rather, we will focus on adipocyte-secreted molecules that have a direct effect on pancreatic islets. By their nature, adipokines represent potential druggable targets that can reach the islets and improve beta-cell function or preserve beta cells in the face of metabolic stress. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:1-27, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Reiterer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ankit Gilani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - James C Lo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Importance of CXCL1 in the Physiological State and in Noncancer Diseases of the Oral Cavity and Abdominal Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137151. [PMID: 35806156 PMCID: PMC9266754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL1 is a CXC chemokine, CXCR2 ligand and chemotactic factor for neutrophils. In this paper, we present a review of the role of the chemokine CXCL1 in physiology and in selected major non-cancer diseases of the oral cavity and abdominal organs (gingiva, salivary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys). We focus on the importance of CXCL1 on implantation and placentation as well as on human pluripotent stem cells. We also show the significance of CXCL1 in selected diseases of the abdominal organs, including the gastrointestinal tract and oral cavity (periodontal diseases, periodontitis, Sjögren syndrome, Helicobacter pylori infection, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), HBV and HCV infection, liver ischemia and reperfusion injury, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), obesity and overweight, kidney transplantation and ischemic-reperfusion injury, endometriosis and adenomyosis).
Collapse
|
9
|
Skudder-Hill L, Sequeira IR, Cho J, Ko J, Poppitt SD, Petrov MS. Fat Distribution Within the Pancreas According to Diabetes Status and Insulin Traits. Diabetes 2022; 71:1182-1192. [PMID: 35234845 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that intrapancreatic fat is associated with diabetes, but whether distribution of intrapancreatic fat across the regions of the pancreas has a pathophysiologic role is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in intrapancreatic fat deposition between the head, body, and tail of the pancreas, as well as the relationship between regional intrapancreatic fat deposition and diabetes status and insulin traits. A total of 368 adults from the general population underwent MRI on a 3 Tesla scanner, and intrapancreatic fat was manually quantified in duplicate. Statistical models included adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, and liver fat. Intrapancreatic fat deposition in the head, body, and tail of the pancreas did not differ significantly in adjusted models in either the overall cohort or the three subgroups based on diabetes status. HOMA of insulin resistance and fasting insulin were significantly positively associated with fat in the tail and body of the pancreas. There was no significant association between regional intrapancreatic fat and HOMA of β-cell function. The association of increased intrapancreatic fat deposition in the tail and body regions with increased insulin resistance may have an important role in the early identification of patients at risk for developing insulin resistance and diseases that stem from it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loren Skudder-Hill
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivana R Sequeira
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jaelim Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Ko
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally D Poppitt
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence (CoRE) for Food and Nutrition, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Das M, Banerjee A, Roy R. A novel in vitro approach to test the effectiveness of fish oil in ameliorating type 1 diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2121-2132. [PMID: 35545742 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes type 1 (T1D) characterized by destruction of pancreatic β-cells results in inadequate insulin production and hyperglycaemia. Generation of reactive oxygen species and glycosylation end-products stimulates toxic impacts on T1D. Dietary w-3 fatty acids present in Fish oil (FO) might be helpful in the prevention of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, thus, beneficial against T1D. But how the cellular secretion from β-cells under influence of FO affects the glucose homeostasis of peri-pancreatic cells is poorly understood. In the current study, we aimed to introduce an in vitro model for T1D and evaluate its effectiveness in respect of alloxan treatment to pancreatic Min6 cells. We use alloxan in the Min6 pancreatic β-cell line to induce cellular damage related to T1D. Further treatment with FO was seen to prevent cell death by alloxan and induce mRNA expression of both insulin 1 and insulin 2 isoforms under low-glucose conditions. From the first part of the study, it is clear that FO is effective to recover Min6 cells from the destructive effect of alloxan, and it worked best when given along with alloxan or given after alloxan treatment regime. FO-induced secretion of molecules from Min6 was clearly shown to regulate mRNA expression of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in peri-pancreatic cell types. This is a pilot study showing that an improved in vitro approach of using Min6 along with muscle cells (C2C12) and adipose tissue cells (3T3-L1) together to understand the crosstalk of molecules could be used to check the efficacy of an anti-diabetic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moitreyi Das
- Department of Zoology, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kahn DE, Bergman BC. Keeping It Local in Metabolic Disease: Adipose Tissue Paracrine Signaling and Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2022; 71:599-609. [PMID: 35316835 PMCID: PMC8965661 DOI: 10.2337/dbi21-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in adipose tissue composition and function are associated with obesity and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. While the significance of this relationship has been cemented, our understanding of the multifaceted role of adipose tissue in metabolic heath and disease continues to evolve and expand. Heterogenous populations of cells that make up adipose tissue throughout the body generate diverse secretomes containing a mosaic of bioactive compounds with vast structural and signaling capabilities. While there are many reports highlighting the important role of adipose tissue endocrine signaling in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, the direct, local, paracrine effect of adipose tissue has received less attention. Recent studies have begun to underscore the importance of considering anatomically discrete adipose depots for their specific impact on local microenvironments and metabolic function in neighboring tissues as well as regulation of whole-body physiology. This article highlights the important role of adipose tissue paracrine signaling on metabolic function and insulin sensitivity in nearby tissues and organs, specifically focusing on visceral, pancreatic, subcutaneous, intermuscular, and perivascular adipose tissue depots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darcy E. Kahn
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Calystegines Improve the Metabolic Activity of Human Adipose Derived Stromal Stem Cells (ASCs) under Hyperglycaemic Condition through the Reduction of Oxidative/ER Stress, Inflammation, and the Promotion of the AKT/PI3K/mTOR Pathway. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030460. [PMID: 35327652 PMCID: PMC8946193 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia and its resulting glucotoxicity are among the most prominent hallmarks of diabetes mellitus (DM) development. Persistent hyperglycaemia further leads to oxidative stress via mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent ER stress onset, while associated hyperlipidaemia triggers the adipose tissue to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, the effect of calystegines has been investigated in an experimental model of hyperglycaemia induced on human ASCs cells. Different cellular pathways including apoptosis, oxidative and ER stress, inflammation as well as Pi3K/AKT/mTOR metabolic-associated axis have been evaluated by means on RT-qPCR, western blot, and flow cytometry techniques. Treatment of HuASCs cells with calystegines strongly promoted the hyperglycaemic cells survival and significantly diminished oxidative stress, mitochondrial dynamics failure and ER stress, while improving the endogenous cellular antioxidant defenses. Interestingly, nortropane alkaloids efficiently prevented the hyperglycaemia-mediated inflammatory response, as evidenced by the regulation of the pro- and anti-inflammatory response in HuASCs cells. Finally, we evidenced that calystegines may exert their protective effect on HuASCs cells metabolic functions through the restoration of the defective PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Overall, the present investigation demonstrated that calystegines possess important abilities to protect HuASCs against hyperglycaemia-induced cellular dysfunction, and it evidenced that the observed effects are associated to the promotion of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Collapse
|
13
|
Laget J, Vigor C, Nouvel A, Rocher A, Leroy J, Jeanson L, Reversat G, Oger C, Galano JM, Durand T, Péraldi-Roux S, Azay-Milhau J, Lajoix AD. Reduced production of isoprostanes by peri-pancreatic adipose tissue from Zucker fa/fa rats as a new mechanism for β-cell compensation in insulin resistance and obesity. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:160-170. [PMID: 35227851 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During early stages of type 2 diabetes, named prediabetes, pancreatic β-cells compensate for insulin resistance through increased insulin secretion in order to maintain normoglycemia. Obesity leads to the development of ectopic fat deposits, among which peri-pancreatic white adipose tissue (pWAT) can communicate with β-cells through soluble mediators. Thus we investigated whether pWAT produced oxygenated lipids, namely isoprostanes and neuroprostanes and whether they can influence β-cell function in obesity. In the Zucker fa/fa rat model, pWAT and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) displayed different inflammatory profiles. In obese rats, pWAT, but not eWAT, released less amounts of 5-F2t-isoprostanes, 15-F2t-isoprostanes, 4-F4t-neuroprostanes and 10-F4t-neuroprostane compared to lean animals. These differences could be explained by a greater induction of antioxidant defenses enzymes such as SOD-1, SOD-2, and catalase in pWAT of obese animals compared to eWAT. In addition, sPLA2 IIA, involved in the release of isoprostanoids from cellular membranes, was decreased in pWAT of obese animals, but not in eWAT, and may also account for the reduced release of oxidized lipids by this tissue. At a functional level, 15-F2t-isoprostane epimers, but not 5-F2t-isoprostanes, were able to decrease glucose-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic islets from Wistar rats. This effect appeared to be mediated through activation of the thromboxane A2 receptor and reduction of cAMP signaling in pancreatic islets. In conclusion, through the removal of an inhibitory tone exerted by isoprostanes, we have shown, for the first time, a new mechanism allowing β-cells to compensate for insulin resistance in obesity that is linked to a biocommunication between adipose tissue and β-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Laget
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, France; RD-Néphrologie, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France
| | - Agathe Nouvel
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, France
| | - Amandine Rocher
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France
| | - Jérémy Leroy
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Jeanson
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Reversat
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France
| | - Sylvie Péraldi-Roux
- Biocommunication in Cardio-Metabolism (BC2M), University of Montpellier, France; Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martínez-Montoro JI, Damas-Fuentes M, Fernández-García JC, Tinahones FJ. Role of the Gut Microbiome in Beta Cell and Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:869951. [PMID: 35634505 PMCID: PMC9133559 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.869951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Obesity is a chronic disease associated with a wide range of comorbidities, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), which results in significant burden of disease and major consequences on health care systems. Of note, intricate interactions, including different signaling pathways, are necessary for the establishment and progression of these two closely related conditions. Altered cell-to-cell communication among the different players implicated in this equation leads to the perpetuation of a vicious circle associated with an increased risk for the development of obesity-related complications, such as T2D, which in turn contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. In this regard, the dialogue between the adipocyte and pancreatic beta cells has been extensively studied, although some connections are yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we explore the potential pathological mechanisms linking adipocyte dysfunction and pancreatic beta cell impairment/insulin resistance. In addition, we evaluate the role of emerging actors, such as the gut microbiome, in this complex crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro, ; Francisco J. Tinahones,
| | - Miguel Damas-Fuentes
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Fernández-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro, ; Francisco J. Tinahones,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Verdú E, Homs J, Boadas-Vaello P. Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413333. [PMID: 34948944 PMCID: PMC8705491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is associated with overweight/obesity, which involves excessive fat body accumulation, triggering structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems. Research shows that this fat accumulation is responsible for several comorbidities, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic dysfunctions, as well as pathological pain behaviors. These health concerns are related to the crosstalk between adipose tissue and body systems, leading to pathophysiological changes to the latter. To deal with these health issues, it has been suggested that physical exercise may reverse part of these obesity-related pathologies by modulating the cross talk between the adipose tissue and body systems. In this context, this review was carried out to provide knowledge about (i) the structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems from accumulation of fat in obesity, emphasizing the crosstalk between fat and body tissues; (ii) the crosstalk between fat and body tissues triggering pain; and (iii) the effects of physical exercise on body tissues and organs in obese and non-obese subjects, and their impact on pathological pain. This information may help one to better understand this crosstalk and the factors involved, and it could be useful in designing more specific training interventions (according to the nature of the comorbidity).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Verdú
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
| | - Judit Homs
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Department of Physical Therapy, EUSES-University of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Calvo E, Keiran N, Núñez-Roa C, Maymó-Masip E, Ejarque M, Sabadell-Basallote J, Del Mar Rodríguez-Peña M, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Seco J, Benaiges E, Michalopoulou T, Jorba R, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S. Effects of stem cells from inducible brown adipose tissue on diet-induced obesity in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13923. [PMID: 34230537 PMCID: PMC8260805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are a promising option for the treatment of obesity and its metabolic co-morbidities. Despite the recent identification of brown adipose tissue (BAT) as a potential target in the management of obesity, the use of ASCs isolated from BAT as a therapy for patients with obesity has not yet been explored. Metabolic activation of BAT has been shown to have not only thermogenic effects, but it also triggers the secretion of factors that confer protection against obesity. Herein, we isolated and characterized ASCs from the visceral adipose tissue surrounding a pheochromocytoma (IB-hASCs), a model of inducible BAT in humans. We then compared the anti-obesity properties of IB-hASCs and human ASCs isolated from visceral white adipose tissue (W-hASCs) in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. We found that both ASC therapies mitigated the metabolic abnormalities of obesity to a similar extent, including reducing weight gain and improving glucose tolerance. However, infusion of IB-hASCs was superior to W-hASCs in suppressing lipogenic and inflammatory markers, as well as preserving insulin secretion. Our findings provide evidence for the metabolic benefits of visceral ASC infusion and support further studies on IB-hASCs as a therapeutic option for obesity-related comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Calvo
- Servei D'Endocrinologia I Nutrició I Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), c/ Dr. Mallafré Guasch 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Keiran
- Servei D'Endocrinologia I Nutrició I Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), c/ Dr. Mallafré Guasch 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Catalina Núñez-Roa
- Servei D'Endocrinologia I Nutrició I Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), c/ Dr. Mallafré Guasch 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elsa Maymó-Masip
- Servei D'Endocrinologia I Nutrició I Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), c/ Dr. Mallafré Guasch 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Servei D'Endocrinologia I Nutrició I Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), c/ Dr. Mallafré Guasch 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Sabadell-Basallote
- Servei D'Endocrinologia I Nutrició I Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), c/ Dr. Mallafré Guasch 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Rodríguez-Peña
- Servei D'Endocrinologia I Nutrició I Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), c/ Dr. Mallafré Guasch 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victòria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Servei D'Endocrinologia I Nutrició I Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), c/ Dr. Mallafré Guasch 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jesús Seco
- Servei D'Endocrinologia I Nutrició I Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), c/ Dr. Mallafré Guasch 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Benaiges
- Servei D'Endocrinologia I Nutrició I Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), c/ Dr. Mallafré Guasch 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Theodora Michalopoulou
- Servei D'Endocrinologia I Nutrició I Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), c/ Dr. Mallafré Guasch 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa Jorba
- Servei de Cirurgia General I de L'Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Servei D'Endocrinologia I Nutrició I Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), c/ Dr. Mallafré Guasch 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Servei D'Endocrinologia I Nutrició I Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), c/ Dr. Mallafré Guasch 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes Y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Peripancreatic Adipose Tissue Remodeling and Inflammation during High Fat Intake of Palm Oils or Lard in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041134. [PMID: 33808251 PMCID: PMC8065769 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive fat consumption leads to the development of ectopic adipose tissues, affecting the organs they surround. Peripancreatic adipose tissue is implicated in glucose homeostasis regulation and can be impaired in obesity. High palm oil consumption's effects on health are still debated. We hypothesised that crude and refined palm oil high-fat feeding may have contrasting effects on peripancreatic adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and lipid oxidation compound production in obese rats. In Wistar rats, morphological changes, inflammation and isoprostanoid production following oxidative stress were assessed in peripancreatic adipose tissue after 12 weeks of diets enriched in crude or refined palm oil or lard (56% energy from fat in each case) versus a standard chow diet (11% energy from fat). Epididymal white and periaortic brown adipose tissues were also included in the study. A refined palm oil diet disturbed glucose homeostasis and promoted lipid deposition in periaortic locations, as well as adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration and isoprostanoid (5-F2c-isoprostane and 7(RS)-ST-Δ8-11-dihomo-isofuran) production in peripancreatic adipose tissue. Crude palm oil induced a lower impact on adipose deposits than its refined form and lard. Our results show that the antioxidant composition of crude palm oil may have a protective effect on ectopic adipose tissues under the condition of excessive fat intake.
Collapse
|
18
|
La Sala L, Crestani M, Garavelli S, de Candia P, Pontiroli AE. Does microRNA Perturbation Control the Mechanisms Linking Obesity and Diabetes? Implications for Cardiovascular Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010143. [PMID: 33375647 PMCID: PMC7795227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are considered the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although the pathological mechanisms underlying the mutual development of obesity and T2D are difficult to define, a better understanding of the molecular aspects is of utmost importance to identify novel therapeutic targets. Recently, a class of non-coding RNAs, called microRNAs (miRNAs), are emerging as key modulators of metabolic abnormalities. There is increasing evidence supporting the role of intra- and extracellular miRNAs as determinants of the crosstalk between adipose tissues, liver, skeletal muscle and other organs, triggering the paracrine communication among different tissues. miRNAs may be considered as risk factors for CVD due to their correlation with cardiovascular events, and in particular, may be related to the most prominent risk factors. In this review, we describe the associations observed between miRNAs expression levels and the most common cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, we sought to depict the molecular aspect of the interplay between obesity and diabetes, investigating the role of microRNAs in the interorgan crosstalk. Finally, we discussed the fascinating hypothesis of the loss of protective factors, such as antioxidant defense systems regulated by such miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia La Sala
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Dysmetabolic Disease, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maurizio Crestani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Silvia Garavelli
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Paola de Candia
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Dysmetabolic Disease, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonio E. Pontiroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chanclón B, Wu Y, Vujičić M, Bauzá-Thorbrügge M, Banke E, Micallef P, Kanerva J, Wilder B, Rorsman P, Wernstedt Asterholm I. Peripancreatic adipose tissue protects against high-fat-diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:2323-2334. [PMID: 32843711 PMCID: PMC7577900 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background/objectives Visceral adiposity is associated with increased diabetes risk, while expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue may be protective. However, the visceral compartment contains different fat depots. Peripancreatic adipose tissue (PAT) is an understudied visceral fat depot. Here, we aimed to define PAT functionality in lean and high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Subjects/methods Four adipose tissue depots (inguinal, mesenteric, gonadal, and peripancreatic adipose tissue) from chow- and HFD-fed male mice were compared with respect to adipocyte size (n = 4–5/group), cellular composition (FACS analysis, n = 5–6/group), lipogenesis and lipolysis (n = 3/group), and gene expression (n = 6–10/group). Radioactive tracers were used to compare lipid and glucose metabolism between these four fat depots in vivo (n = 5–11/group). To determine the role of PAT in obesity-associated metabolic disturbances, PAT was surgically removed prior to challenging the mice with HFD. PAT-ectomized mice were compared to sham controls with respect to glucose tolerance, basal and glucose-stimulated insulin levels, hepatic and pancreatic steatosis, and gene expression (n = 8–10/group). Results We found that PAT is a tiny fat depot (~0.2% of the total fat mass) containing relatively small adipocytes and many “non-adipocytes” such as leukocytes and fibroblasts. PAT was distinguished from the other fat depots by increased glucose uptake and increased fatty acid oxidation in both lean and obese mice. Moreover, PAT was the only fat depot where the tissue weight correlated positively with liver weight in obese mice (R = 0.65; p = 0.009). Surgical removal of PAT followed by 16-week HFD feeding was associated with aggravated hepatic steatosis (p = 0.008) and higher basal (p < 0.05) and glucose-stimulated insulin levels (p < 0.01). PAT removal also led to enlarged pancreatic islets and increased pancreatic expression of markers of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and islet development (p < 0.05). Conclusions PAT is a small metabolically highly active fat depot that plays a previously unrecognized role in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in advanced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Chanclón
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology Research Unit), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yanling Wu
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology Research Unit), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Milica Vujičić
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology Research Unit), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology Research Unit), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elin Banke
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology Research Unit), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Micallef
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology Research Unit), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia Kanerva
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology Research Unit), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Wilder
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology Research Unit), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology Research Unit), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX4 7LE, UK
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology (Metabolic Physiology Research Unit), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Romero-Zerbo SY, García-Fernández M, Espinosa-Jiménez V, Pozo-Morales M, Escamilla-Sánchez A, Sánchez-Salido L, Lara E, Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Rafacho A, Olveira G, Rojo-Martínez G, Gauthier BR, González-Mariscal I, Bermúdez-Silva FJ. The Atypical Cannabinoid Abn-CBD Reduces Inflammation and Protects Liver, Pancreas, and Adipose Tissue in a Mouse Model of Prediabetes and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:103. [PMID: 32210914 PMCID: PMC7067697 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: The synthetic atypical cannabinoid Abn-CBD, a cannabidiol (CBD) derivative, has been recently shown to modulate the immune system in different organs, but its impact in obesity-related meta-inflammation remains unstudied. We investigated the effects of Abn-CBD on metabolic and inflammatory parameters utilizing a diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model of prediabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Materials and Methods: Ten-week-old C57Bl/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet for 15 weeks, following a 2-week treatment of daily intraperitoneal injections with Abn-CBD or vehicle. At week 15 mice were obese, prediabetic and developed NAFLD. Body weight and glucose homeostasis were monitored. Mice were euthanized and blood, liver, adipose tissue and pancreas were collected and processed for metabolic and inflammatory analysis. Results: Body weight and triglycerides profiles in blood and liver were comparable between vehicle- and Abn-CBD-treated DIO mice. However, treatment with Abn-CBD reduced hyperinsulinemia and markers of systemic low-grade inflammation in plasma and fat, also promoting white adipose tissue browning. Pancreatic islets from Abn-CBD-treated mice showed lower apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress than vehicle-treated DIO mice, and beta cell proliferation was induced. Furthermore, Abn-CBD lowered hepatic fibrosis, inflammation and macrophage infiltration in the liver when compared to vehicle-treated DIO mice. Importantly, the balance between hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis was improved in Abn-CBD-treated compared to vehicle-treated DIO mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that Abn-CBD exerts beneficial immunomodulatory actions in the liver, pancreas and adipose tissue of DIO prediabetic mice with NAFLD, thus protecting tissues. Therefore, Abn-CBD and related compounds could represent novel pharmacological strategies for managing obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Y. Romero-Zerbo
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María García-Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Vanesa Espinosa-Jiménez
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Macarena Pozo-Morales
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Sánchez-Salido
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Estrella Lara
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Seville, Spain
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases - LIDoC, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Olveira
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Rojo-Martínez
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Benoit R. Gauthier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel González-Mariscal
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- *Correspondence: Isabel González-Mariscal
| | - Francisco J. Bermúdez-Silva
- UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Regional de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Francisco J. Bermúdez-Silva
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Méndez-Gutiérrez A, Aguilera CM, Plaza-Díaz J. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling of Adipose Tissue in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194888. [PMID: 31581657 PMCID: PMC6801592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of different proteins and proteoglycans that controls differentiation, migration, repair, survival, and development, and it seems that its remodeling is required for healthy adipose tissue expansion. Obesity drives an excessive lipid accumulation in adipocytes, which provokes immune cells infiltration, fibrosis (an excess of deposition of ECM components such as collagens, elastin, and fibronectin) and inflammation, considered a consequence of local hypoxia, and ultimately insulin resistance. To understand the mechanism of this process is a challenge to treat the metabolic diseases. This review is focused at identifying the putative role of ECM in adipose tissue, describing its structure and components, its main tissue receptors, and how it is affected in obesity, and subsequently the importance of an appropriate ECM remodeling in adipose tissue expansion to prevent metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- RG Adipocytes and metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrea Méndez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción María Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bayle M, Neasta J, Dall'Asta M, Gautheron G, Virsolvy A, Quignard J, Youl E, Magous R, Guichou J, Crozier A, Del Rio D, Cros G, Oiry C. The ellagitannin metabolite urolithin C is a glucose-dependent regulator of insulin secretion through activation of L-type calcium channels. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4065-4078. [PMID: 31378934 PMCID: PMC6811744 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pharmacology of polyphenol metabolites on beta-cell function is largely undetermined. We sought to identify polyphenol metabolites that enhance the insulin-secreting function of beta-cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH INS-1 beta-cells and rat isolated islets of Langerhans or perfused pancreas preparations were used for insulin secretion experiments. Molecular modelling, intracellular Ca2+ monitoring, and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were used for mechanistic studies. KEY RESULTS Among a set of polyphenol metabolites, we found that exposure of INS-1 beta-cells to urolithins A and C enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We further characterized the activity of urolithin C and its pharmacological mechanism. Urolithin C glucose-dependently enhanced insulin secretion in isolated islets of Langerhans and perfused pancreas preparations. In the latter, enhancement was reversible when glucose was lowered from a stimulating to a non-stimulating concentration. Molecular modelling suggested that urolithin C could dock into the Cav 1.2 L-type Ca2+ channel. Calcium monitoring indicated that urolithin C had no effect on basal intracellular Ca2+ but enhanced depolarization-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ in INS-1 cells and dispersed cells isolated from islets. Electrophysiology studies indicated that urolithin C dose-dependently enhanced the L-type Ca2+ current for levels of depolarization above threshold and shifted its voltage-dependent activation towards more negative potentials in INS-1 cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Urolithin C is a glucose-dependent activator of insulin secretion acting by facilitating L-type Ca2+ channel opening and Ca2+ influx into pancreatic beta-cells. Our work paves the way for the design of polyphenol metabolite-inspired compounds aimed at ameliorating beta-cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Bayle
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
| | - Jérémie Neasta
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de PharmacieUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Margherita Dall'Asta
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, LS9 InterLab Group, Department of Food ScienceUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | | | - Anne Virsolvy
- PhyMedExp, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INSERMMontpellierFrance
| | - Jean‐François Quignard
- Université Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Centre de Recherche Cardio‐Thoracique de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Estelle Youl
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
| | - Richard Magous
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de PharmacieUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Alan Crozier
- Department of NutritionUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and NursingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, LS9 InterLab Group, Department of Food ScienceUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Gérard Cros
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de PharmacieUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Catherine Oiry
- IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de PharmacieUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Buyukdere Y, Gulec A, Akyol A. Cafeteria diet increased adiposity in comparison to high fat diet in young male rats. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6656. [PMID: 30984479 PMCID: PMC6452846 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary intervention studies in animal models of obesity are crucial to elucidate the mechanistic effects of specific nutrients and diets. Although several models of diet induced obesity have been examined in rodents to assess obesity, there are few studies that have researched influence of different high fat and/or westernized diets. The aim of this study was to compare a high fat diet and a cafeteria diet on obesity related biochemical and physiological parameters in young male rats. Methods Five week old Wistar male rats were fed a control chow diet (C), butter-based high fat diet (HF) or cafeteria diet (CAF) for twelve weeks. In HF, 40% of energy came from fat and this ratio was 46% in CAF. CAF composed of highly energetic and palatable human foods along with chow diet. At the end of the feeding protocol all animals were culled using CO2 asphyxia and cervical dislocation after an overnight fasting. Results Total energy and fat intake of CAF was significantly higher than C and HF. CAF was more effective in inducing obesity, as demonstrated by increased weight gain, Lee index, fat depot weights and total body fat in comparison to C and HF. Despite increased adiposity in CAF, plasma glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR levels were similar between the groups. Plasma leptin and cholesterol levels were markedly higher in CAF than C and HF. Discussion We have demonstrated that there are differential effects of high fat diet and cafeteria diet upon obesity and obesity-related parameters, with CAF leading to a more pronounced adiposity in comparison to high fat diet in young male rats. Future studies should consider the varied outcomes of different diet induced obesity models and development of a standardized approach in similar research practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucel Buyukdere
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atila Gulec
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asli Akyol
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|