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Qi X, Liu C, Si J, Yin B, Huang J, Wang X, Huang J, Sun H, Zhu C, Zhang W. A bioenergetically-active ploy (glycerol sebacate)-based multiblock hydrogel improved diabetic wound healing through revitalizing mitochondrial metabolism. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13613. [PMID: 38351579 PMCID: PMC11216945 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds impose significant burdens on patients' quality of life and healthcare resources due to impaired healing potential. Factors like hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, impaired angiogenesis and excessive inflammation contribute to the delayed healing trajectory. Mounting evidence indicates a close association between impaired mitochondrial function and diabetic complications, including chronic wounds. Mitochondria are critical for providing energy essential to wound healing processes. However, mitochondrial dysfunction exacerbates other pathological factors, creating detrimental cycles that hinder healing. This study conducted correlation analysis using clinical specimens, revealing a positive correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, inflammatory response and impaired angiogenesis in diabetic wounds. Restoring mitochondrial function becomes imperative for developing targeted therapies. Herein, we synthesized a biodegradable poly (glycerol sebacate)-based multiblock hydrogel, named poly (glycerol sebacate)-co-poly (ethylene glycol)-co-poly (propylene glycol) (PEPGS), which can be degraded in vivo to release glycerol, a crucial component in cellular metabolism, including mitochondrial respiration. We demonstrate the potential of PEPGS-based hydrogels to improve outcomes in diabetic wound healing by revitalizing mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, we investigate the underlying mechanism through proteomics analysis, unravelling the regulation of ATP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic processes, biosynthetic process and generation during mitochondrial metabolism. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of PEPGS-based hydrogels as advanced wound dressings for diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Microsurgery on ExtremitiesShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chenjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jingyi Si
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bohao Yin
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jinghuan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Changfeng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryShanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Parseh S, Shakerian S, Reza Tabandeh M, Habibi A. An 8-Week study on the effects of high and Moderate-Intensity interval exercises on mitochondrial MOTS-C changes and their relation to metabolic markers in male diabetic sand rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 212:111656. [PMID: 38636847 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a significant feature of type 2 diabetes. MOTS-C, a peptide derived from mitochondria, has positive effects on metabolism and exercise capacity. This study explored the impact of high and moderate-intensity interval exercises on mitochondrial MOTS-C alterations and their correlation with metabolic markers in male diabetic sand rats. Thirty male sand rats were divided into six groups: control, MIIT, DM + HIIT, DM + MIIT, DM, and HIIT (5 rats each). Diabetes was induced using a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ). The Wistar sand rats in exercise groups underwent 8 weeks of interval training of varying intensities. Post sample collection, protein expressions of PCG-1a, AMPK, and GLUT4 were assessed through Western blot analysis, while MOTS-C protein expression was determined using ELISA. Both exercise intensity and diabetes significantly affected the levels of PCG-1a, MOTS-C, GLUT4 proteins, and insulin resistance (p < 0.001). The combined effect of diabetes status and exercise intensity on these levels was also significant (p < 0.001). However, the diabetes effect varied when comparing high-intensity to moderate-intensity exercise. The moderate-intensity exercise group with diabetes showed higher levels of PCG-1a, MOTS-C, and GLUT4 proteins and reduced insulin resistance levels (p < 0.001). Exercise intensity (p = 0.022) and diabetes (p = 0.008) significantly influenced AMPK protein levels. The interplay between diabetes status and exercise intensity on AMPK protein levels was noteworthy, with the moderate-intensity diabetes group exhibiting higher AMPK levels than the high-intensity diabetes group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, exercise elevates the levels of PCG-1a, MOTS-C, GLUT4, and AMPK proteins, regulating insulin resistance in diabetic sand rats. Given the AMPK-MOTS-C mitochondrial pathway's mechanisms, interval exercises might enhance the metabolic rates and general health of diabetic rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Parseh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Shakerian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abdolhamid Habibi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Li Y, Lou N, Liu X, Zhuang X, Chen S. Exploring new mechanisms of Imeglimin in diabetes treatment: Amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116755. [PMID: 38772155 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it has become critical to identify effective treatment strategies. In recent years, the novel oral hypoglycaemic drug Imeglimin has attracted much attention in the field of diabetes treatment. The mechanisms of its therapeutic action are complex and are not yet fully understood by current research. Current evidence suggests that pancreatic β-cells, liver, and skeletal muscle are the main organs in which Imeglimin lowers blood glucose levels and that it acts mainly by targeting mitochondrial function, thereby inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, enhancing insulin sensitivity, promoting pancreatic β-cell function, and regulating energy metabolism. There is growing evidence that the drug also has a potentially volatile role in the treatment of diabetic complications, including metabolic cardiomyopathy, diabetic vasculopathy, and diabetic neuroinflammation. According to available clinical studies, its efficacy and safety profile are more evident than other hypoglycaemic agents, and it has synergistic effects when combined with other antidiabetic drugs, and also has potential in the treatment of T2DM-related complications. This review aims to shed light on the latest research progress in the treatment of T2DM with Imeglimin, thereby providing clinicians and researchers with the latest insights into Imeglimin as a viable option for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Nenngjun Lou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Xianghua Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China; Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China.
| | - Shihong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China; Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China.
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González I, Lindner C, Schneider I, Diaz E, Morales MA, Rojas A. Emerging and multifaceted potential contributions of polyphenols in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:154-169. [PMID: 38464365 PMCID: PMC10921170 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is recognized as a serious public health concern with a considerable impact on human life, long-term health expenditures, and substantial health losses. In this context, the use of dietary polyphenols to prevent and manage T2DM is widely documented. These dietary compounds exert their beneficial effects through several actions, including the protection of pancreatic islet β-cell, the antioxidant capacities of these molecules, their effects on insulin secretion and actions, the regulation of intestinal microbiota, and their contribution to ameliorate diabetic complications, particularly those of vascular origin. In the present review, we intend to highlight these multifaceted actions and the molecular mechanisms by which these plant-derived secondary metabolites exert their beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana González
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Cristian Lindner
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Ivan Schneider
- Centre of Primary Attention, South Metropolitan Health Service, Santiago 3830000, Chile
| | - Erik Diaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Miguel Angel Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
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Januszewski AS, Blake R, Zhang M, Ma B, Anand S, Pinkert CA, Kelly DJ, Jenkins AJ, Trounce IA. Increased Diabetes Complications in a Mouse Model of Oxidative Stress Due to 'Mismatched' Mitochondrial DNA. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:187. [PMID: 38397785 PMCID: PMC10886269 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Associations between chronic diabetes complications and mitochondrial dysfunction represent a subject of major importance, given the diabetes pandemic and high personal and socioeconomic costs of diabetes and its complications. Modelling diabetes complications in inbred laboratory animals is challenging due to incomplete recapitulation of human features, but offer mechanistic insights and preclinical testing. As mitochondrial-based oxidative stress is implicated in human diabetic complications, herein we evaluate diabetes in a unique mouse model that harbors a mitochondrial DNA from a divergent mouse species (the 'xenomitochondrial mouse'), which has mild mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. We use the streptozotocin-induced diabetes model with insulin supplementation, with 20-weeks diabetes. We compare C57BL/6 mice and the 'xenomitochondrial' mouse, with measures of heart and kidney function, histology, and skin oxidative stress markers. Compared to C57BL/6 mice, the xenomitochondrial mouse has increased diabetic heart and kidney damage, with cardiac dysfunction, and increased cardiac and renal fibrosis. Our results show that mitochondrial oxidative stress consequent to divergent mtDNA can worsen diabetes complications. This has implications for novel therapeutics to counter diabetes complications, and for genetic studies of risk, as mtDNA genotypes may contribute to clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S. Januszewski
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.S.J.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (D.J.K.); (A.J.J.)
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rachel Blake
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (R.B.); (S.A.)
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.S.J.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (D.J.K.); (A.J.J.)
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.S.J.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (D.J.K.); (A.J.J.)
| | - Sushma Anand
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (R.B.); (S.A.)
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Carl A. Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Darren J. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.S.J.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (D.J.K.); (A.J.J.)
| | - Alicia J. Jenkins
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.S.J.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (D.J.K.); (A.J.J.)
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ian A. Trounce
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; (A.S.J.); (M.Z.); (B.M.); (D.J.K.); (A.J.J.)
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; (R.B.); (S.A.)
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Kal S, Mahata S, Jati S, Mahata SK. Mitochondrial-derived peptides: Antidiabetic functions and evolutionary perspectives. Peptides 2024; 172:171147. [PMID: 38160808 PMCID: PMC10838678 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are a novel class of bioactive microproteins encoded by short open-reading frames (sORF) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Currently, three types of MDPs have been identified: Humanin (HN), MOTS-c (Mitochondrial ORF within Twelve S rRNA type-c), and SHLP1-6 (small Humanin-like peptide, 1 to 6). The 12 S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR1) gene harbors the sequence for MOTS-c, whereas HN and SHLP1-6 are encoded by the 16 S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR2) gene. Special genetic codes are used in mtDNA as compared to nuclear DNA: (i) ATA and ATT are used as start codons in addition to the standard start codon ATG; (ii) AGA and AGG are used as stop codons instead of coding for arginine; (iii) the standard stop codon UGA is used to code for tryptophan. While HN, SHLP6, and MOTS-c are encoded by the H (heavy owing to high guanine + thymine base composition)-strand of the mtDNA, SHLP1-5 are encoded by the L (light owing to less guanine + thymine base composition)-strand. MDPs attenuate disease pathology including Type 1 diabetes (T1D), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD), cardiovascular diseases, prostate cancer, and macular degeneration. The current review will focus on the MDP regulation of T2D, T1D, and gestational diabetes along with an emphasis on the evolutionary pressures for conservation of the amino acid sequences of MDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satadeepa Kal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sumana Mahata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - Suborno Jati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Feng X, Cai Y, Xin R. Optimizing diabetes classification with a machine learning-based framework. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:428. [PMID: 37957549 PMCID: PMC10644638 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a metabolic disorder usually caused by insufficient secretion of insulin from the pancreas or insensitivity of cells to insulin, resulting in long-term elevated blood sugar levels in patients. Patients usually present with frequent urination, thirst, and hunger. If left untreated, it can lead to various complications that can affect essential organs and even endanger life. Therefore, developing an intelligent diagnosis framework for diabetes is necessary. RESULT This paper proposes a machine learning-based diabetes classification framework machine learning optimized GAN. The framework encompasses several methodological approaches to address the diverse challenges encountered during the analysis. These approaches encompass the implementation of the mean and median joint filling method for handling missing values, the application of the cap method for outlier processing, and the utilization of SMOTEENN to mitigate sample imbalance. Additionally, the framework incorporates the employment of the proposed Diabetes Classification Model based on Generative Adversarial Network and employs logistic regression for detailed feature analysis. The effectiveness of the framework is evaluated using both the PIMA dataset and the diabetes dataset obtained from the GEO database. The experimental findings showcase our model achieved exceptional results, including a binary classification accuracy of 96.27%, tertiary classification accuracy of 99.31%, precision and f1 score of 0.9698, recall of 0.9698, and an AUC of 0.9702. CONCLUSION The experimental results show that the framework proposed in this paper can accurately classify diabetes and provide new ideas for intelligent diagnosis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- School of Science, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 130000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihuai Cai
- School of Science, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 130000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruihao Xin
- College of Information and Control Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 130000, People's Republic of China.
- College of Computer Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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Thamarai Kannan H, Issac PK, Dey N, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. A Review on Mitochondrial Derived Peptide Humanin and Small Humanin-Like Peptides and Their Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023; 29:86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhang S, Liu J, Li X, Yang K, Yang D, Liu Y, Sun L, Liu F, Xiao L. ATF5 regulates tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic kidney disease via mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Mol Med 2023; 29:57. [PMID: 37095454 PMCID: PMC10127323 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) plays a critical role in the progression of tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which is an important MQC process, is activated to maintain mitochondrial protein homeostasis in response to mitochondrial stress. Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is critical in the mammalian UPRmt via mitochondria-nuclear translocation. However, the role of ATF5 and UPRmt in tubular injury under DKD conditions is unknown. METHODS ATF5 and UPRmt-related proteins including heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and Lon peptidase 1 (LONP1), in DKD patients and db/db mice were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis. Eight-week-old db/db mice were injected with ATF5-shRNA lentiviruses via the tail vein, and a negative lentivirus was used as a control. The mice were euthanized at 12 weeks, and dihydroethidium (DHE) and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were performed to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in kidney sections, respectively. In vitro, ATF5-siRNA, ATF5 overexpression plasmids or HSP60-siRNA were transfected into HK-2 cells to evaluate the effect of ATF5 and HSP60 on tubular injury under ambient hyperglycemic conditions. Mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX) staining was used to gauge mitochondrial oxidative stress levels, and the early stage of cell apoptosis was examined by Annexin V-FITC kits. RESULTS Increased ATF5, HSP60 and LONP1 expression was observed in the kidney tissue of DKD patients and db/db mice and was tightly correlated with tubular damage. The inhibition of HSP60 and LONP1, improvements in serum creatinine, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and apoptosis were observed in db/db mice treated with lentiviruses carrying ATF5 shRNA. In vitro, the expression of ATF5 was increased in HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose (HG) in a time-dependent manner, which was accompanied by the overexpression of HSP60, fibronectin (FN) and cleaved-caspase3 (C-CAS3). ATF5-siRNA transfection inhibited the expression of HSP60 and LONP1, which was accompanied by reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HK-2 cells exposed to sustained exogenous high glucose. ATF5 overexpression exacerbated these impairments. HSP60-siRNA transfection blocked the effect of ATF5 on HK-2 cells exposed to continuous HG treatment. Interestingly, ATF5 inhibition exacerbated mitochondrial ROS levels and apoptosis in HK-2 cells in the early period of HG intervention (6 h). CONCLUSIONS ATF5 could exert a protective effect in a very early stage but promoted tubulointerstitial injury by regulating HSP60 and the UPRmt pathway under DKD conditions, providing a potential target for the prevention of DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jialu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Danyi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Liang W, Huang L, Whelchel A, Yuan T, Ma X, Cheng R, Takahashi Y, Karamichos D, Ma JX. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) regulates wound healing and mitochondrial metabolism in the cornea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217576120. [PMID: 36943878 PMCID: PMC10068757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217576120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes can result in impaired corneal wound healing. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in diabetic complications. However, the regulation of mitochondria function in the diabetic cornea and its impacts on wound healing remain elusive. The present study aimed to explore the molecular basis for the disturbed mitochondrial metabolism and subsequent wound healing impairment in the diabetic cornea. Seahorse analysis showed that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is a major source of ATP production in human corneal epithelial cells. Live corneal biopsy punches from type 1 and type 2 diabetic mouse models showed impaired mitochondrial functions, correlating with impaired corneal wound healing, compared to nondiabetic controls. To approach the molecular basis for the impaired mitochondrial function, we found that Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α (PPARα) expression was downregulated in diabetic human corneas. Even without diabetes, global PPARα knockout mice and corneal epithelium-specific PPARα conditional knockout mice showed disturbed mitochondrial function and delayed wound healing in the cornea, similar to that in diabetic corneas. In contrast, fenofibrate, a PPARα agonist, ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced wound healing in the corneas of diabetic mice. Similarly, corneal epithelium-specific PPARα transgenic overexpression improved mitochondrial function and enhanced wound healing in the cornea. Furthermore, PPARα agonist ameliorated the mitochondrial dysfunction in primary human corneal epithelial cells exposed to diabetic stressors, which was impeded by siRNA knockdown of PPARα, suggesting a PPARα-dependent mechanism. These findings suggest that downregulation of PPARα plays an important role in the impaired mitochondrial function in the corneal epithelium and delayed corneal wound healing in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Liang
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK73104
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou350000, China
| | - Amy Whelchel
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK73104
| | - Tian Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK73104
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- Division of Research and Innovation, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX76107
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX76107
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX76107
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC27157
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San-Millán I. The Key Role of Mitochondrial Function in Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040782. [PMID: 37107158 PMCID: PMC10135185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mitochondrial function in health and disease has become increasingly recognized, particularly in the last two decades. Mitochondrial dysfunction as well as disruptions of cellular bioenergetics have been shown to be ubiquitous in some of the most prevalent diseases in our society, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple diseases have yet to be elucidated, making it one of the most significant medical challenges in our history. However, the rapid advances in our knowledge of cellular metabolism coupled with the novel understanding at the molecular and genetic levels show tremendous promise to one day elucidate the mysteries of this ancient organelle in order to treat it therapeutically when needed. Mitochondrial DNA mutations, infections, aging, and a lack of physical activity have been identified to be major players in mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple diseases. This review examines the complexities of mitochondrial function, whose ancient incorporation into eukaryotic cells for energy purposes was key for the survival and creation of new species. Among these complexities, the tightly intertwined bioenergetics derived from the combustion of alimentary substrates and oxygen are necessary for cellular homeostasis, including the production of reactive oxygen species. This review discusses different etiological mechanisms by which mitochondria could become dysregulated, determining the fate of multiple tissues and organs and being a protagonist in the pathogenesis of many non-communicable diseases. Finally, physical activity is a canonical evolutionary characteristic of humans that remains embedded in our genes. The normalization of a lack of physical activity in our modern society has led to the perception that exercise is an "intervention". However, physical activity remains the modus vivendi engrained in our genes and being sedentary has been the real intervention and collateral effect of modern societies. It is well known that a lack of physical activity leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and, hence, it probably becomes a major etiological factor of many non-communicable diseases affecting modern societies. Since physical activity remains the only stimulus we know that can improve and maintain mitochondrial function, a significant emphasis on exercise promotion should be imperative in order to prevent multiple diseases. Finally, in populations with chronic diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction is involved, an individualized exercise prescription should be crucial for the "metabolic rehabilitation" of many patients. From lessons learned from elite athletes (the perfect human machines), it is possible to translate and apply multiple concepts to the betterment of populations with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo San-Millán
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80198, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Yennemadi AS, Keane J, Leisching G. Mitochondrial bioenergetic changes in systemic lupus erythematosus immune cell subsets: Contributions to pathogenesis and clinical applications. Lupus 2023; 32:603-611. [PMID: 36914582 PMCID: PMC10155285 DOI: 10.1177/09612033231164635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The association of dysregulated metabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis has prompted investigations into metabolic rewiring and the involvement of mitochondrial metabolism as a driver of disease through NLRP3 inflammasome activation, disruption of mitochondrial DNA maintenance, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. The use of Agilent Seahorse Technology to gain functional in situ metabolic insights of selected cell types from SLE patients has identified key parameters that are dysregulated during disease. Mitochondrial functional assessments specifically can detect dysfunction through oxygen consumption rate (OCR), spare respiratory capacity, and maximal respiration measurements, which, when coupled with disease activity scores could show potential as markers of disease activity. CD4+ and CD8 + T cells have been assessed in this way and show that oxygen consumption rate, spare respiratory capacity, and maximal respiration are blunted in CD8 + T cells, with results not being as clear cut in CD4 + T cells. Additionally, glutamine, processed by mitochondrial substrate level phosphorylation is emerging as a key role player in the expansion and differentiation of Th1, Th17, ϒδ T cells, and plasmablasts. The role that circulating leukocytes play in acting as bioenergetic biomarkers of diseases such as diabetes suggests that this may also be a tool to detect preclinical SLE. Therefore, the metabolic characterization of immune cell subsets and the collection of metabolic data during interventions is also essential. The delineation of the metabolic tuning of immune cells in this way could lead to novel strategies in treating metabolically demanding processes characteristic of autoimmune diseases such as SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali S Yennemadi
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Keane
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gina Leisching
- TB Immunology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhang L, Bao B, Guo J, Qin Z, Huang H, Chen L, Liu B. Current status and prospects of diabetes mellitus induced erectile dysfunction: A bibliometric and visualization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1168744. [PMID: 37065751 PMCID: PMC10100080 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1168744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) has recently increased, which has prompted numerous DMED studies. Here, we conduct a bibliometric analysis of relevant literature in the field of DMED and to discuss the research hotspots and future development directions. METHODS The Web of Science Core Collection database was searched for literature on DMED, and literature characterization including the number of articles, journals, countries/regions, institutions, authors, keywords, and other information was performed using VOS viewer and CiteSpace software. In addition, Pajek software was used for visual map adjustment, and GraphPad Prism was used to generate line graphs. RESULTS A total of 804 articles concerning DMED were included in this study. The Journal of Sexual Medicine issued the most documents(92 articles). The United States and China were in the leading position in the field of DMED research, and cross-institutional collaboration on DMED research worldwide needs to be further strengthened. Ryu JK were the authors with the highest number of documents issued (22 articles) while Bivalacqua TJ was the author with the most co-citated(249 co-citated). The keywords analysis shows that the main research hotspots in the field of DMED were mechanism discussions and disease treatment and management. CONCLUSIONS Global research on DMED is expected to increase further. The investigation of the mechanism of DMED and the exploration of new therapeutic means and targets are the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Andrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Binghao Bao
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Andrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Guo
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Andrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjian Qin
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Andrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haonan Huang
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Andrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Andrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxing Liu
- Department of Andrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Baoxing Liu,
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Anand S, Trounce IA, Gangoda L. Role of extracellular vesicles in mitochondrial eye diseases. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:1264-1272. [PMID: 36308309 PMCID: PMC10947567 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small packages that are released by almost all types of cells. While the role of EVs in pathogenesis of certain diseases such as cancer is well established, EVs role in ocular health and disease is still at early stages of investigation. Given the significant role of EVs in pathological development and progression of diseases such as cancer, EVs present a similar opportunity for investigation in ocular pathophysiology. Studies have shown the presence of EVs in fluids from the ocular environment have close links with ocular health and disease. Hence, the cargo carried in EVs from ocular fluids can be used for monitoring disease phenotypes or therapeutic outcomes in eye-related disorders. Furthermore, in recent times EVs have increasingly gained attention as therapeutics and drug-delivery vehicles for treatment of eye diseases. There is a close relationship between EVs and mitochondria functioning with mitochondria dysfunction leading to a significant number of ophthalmic disorders. This review discusses the current knowledge of EVs in visual systems with a special focus on eye diseases resulting from dysfunctional mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Anand
- Centre for Eye Research AustraliaRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Opthalmology, Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ian A. Trounce
- Centre for Eye Research AustraliaRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Opthalmology, Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lahiru Gangoda
- Centre for Eye Research AustraliaRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Opthalmology, Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Valdez-Salas B, Castillo-Uribe S, Beltran-Partida E, Curiel-Alvarez M, Perez-Landeros O, Guerra-Balcazar M, Cheng N, Gonzalez-Mendoza D, Flores-Peñaloza O. Recovering Osteoblast Functionality on TiO2 Nanotube Surfaces Under Diabetic Conditions. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5469-5488. [PMID: 36426372 PMCID: PMC9680990 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s387386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Titanium (Ti) and its alloys (eg, Ti6Al4V) are exceptional treatments for replacing or repairing bones and damaged surrounding tissues. Although Ti-based implants exhibit excellent osteoconductive performance under healthy conditions, the effectiveness and successful clinical achievements are negatively altered in diabetic patients. Concernedly, diabetes mellitus (DM) contributes to osteoblastic dysfunctionality, altering efficient osseointegration. This work investigates the beneficial osteogenic activity conducted by nanostructured TiO2 under detrimental microenvironment conditions, simulated by human diabetic serum. Methods We evaluated the bone-forming functional properties of osteoblasts on synthesized TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) by anodization and Ti6Al4V non-modified alloy surfaces under detrimental diabetic conditions. To simulate the detrimental environment, MC3T3E-1 preosteoblasts were cultured under human diabetic serum (DS) of two diagnosed and metabolically controlled patients. Normal human serum (HS) was used to mimic health conditions and fetal bovine serum (FBS) as the control culture environment. We characterized the matrix mineralization under the detrimental conditions on the control alloy and the NTs. Moreover, we applied immunofluorescence of osteoblasts differentiation markers on the NTs to understand the bone-expression stimulated by the biochemical medium conditions. Results The diabetic conditions depressed the initial osteoblast growth ability, as evidenced by altered early cell adhesion and reduced proliferation. Nonetheless, after three days, the diabetic damage was suppressed by the NTs, enhancing the osteoblast activity. Therefore, the osteogenic markers of bone formation and the differentiation of osteoblasts were reactivated by the nanoconfigured surfaces. Far more importantly, collagen secretion and bone-matrix mineralization were stimulated and conducted to levels similar to those of the control of FBS conditions, in comparison to the control alloy, which was not able to reach similar levels of bone functionality than the NTs. Conclusion Our study brings knowledge for the potential application of nanostructured biomaterials to work as an integrative platform under the detrimental metabolic status present in diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Valdez-Salas
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Sandra Castillo-Uribe
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Ernesto Beltran-Partida
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
- Correspondence: Ernesto Beltran-Partida, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal, Mexicali, Baja California, C.P. 21280, México, Email
| | - Mario Curiel-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Oscar Perez-Landeros
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Minerva Guerra-Balcazar
- Facultad de Ingeniería, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Daniel Gonzalez-Mendoza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
| | - Olivia Flores-Peñaloza
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
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Camlik G, Ozakca I, Bilakaya B, Ozcelikay AT, Velaro AJ, Wasnik S, Degim IT. Development of composite carbon quantum dots-insulin formulation for oral administration. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tykhonenko T, Guzyk M, Tykhomyrov A, Korsa V, Yanitska L, Kuchmerovska T. Modulatory effects of vitamin B3 and its derivative on the levels of apoptotic and vascular regulators and cytoskeletal proteins in diabetic rat brain as signs of neuroprotection. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130207. [PMID: 35882257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beneficial effects of nicotinamide (NAm) and its derivates have been earlier shown in animal models of diabetes mellitus (DM), but the mechanisms of their neuroprotective activities are still largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate if NAm and conjugate of nicotinic acid with gamma-aminobutyric acid (N-GABA) are able to modulate expression levels of apoptosis regulators, angiogenesis-related molecules, and specific cytoskeletal proteins in diabetic rat brain. METHODS After six weeks of streptozotocin induced type 1 DM, rats were daily administered either by NAm (100 mg/kg) or N-GABA (55 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for two weeks. Protein levels were assessed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Both NAm and N-GABA down-regulated NF-κB and Bax levels in diabetic rat brain, suggesting their anti-apoptotic activities. Tested compounds normalized VEGF and nNOS contents improving pro-angiogenic signaling reduced by hyperglycemia. Western blot showed marked up-regulation of astroglial marker GFAP and lowering neurofilament protein levels in DM group, confirmed immunohistochemically, indicating the development of reactive astrogliosis as a major response to diabetes-induced neurodegeneration. NAm had no effects on GFAP and Nf-L levels in the diabetic brain, while N-GABA increased their expression. Inversely, NAm and N-GABA dramatically reduced enhanced levels of GFAP and Nf-L found in the blood serum of diabetic rats, providing for the first time strong evidence for preserving blood-brain barrier integrity by studied compounds. CONCLUSION Thus, NAm and N-GABA may exert neuroprotective effects by decreasing pro-apoptotic regulators levels and improving expression of angiogenic and cytoskeletal proteins impaired by hyperglycemia in rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Tykhonenko
- Department of Vitamin and Coenzyme Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Guzyk
- Department of Vitamin and Coenzyme Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Artem Tykhomyrov
- Department of Enzyme Chemistry and Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Victoria Korsa
- Department of Enzyme Chemistry and Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Lesya Yanitska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tamara Kuchmerovska
- Department of Vitamin and Coenzyme Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine.
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Drewe J, Boonen G, Culmsee C. Treat more than heat-New therapeutic implications of Cimicifuga racemosa through AMPK-dependent metabolic effects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154060. [PMID: 35338990 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cimicifuga racemosa extracts (CRE) have obtained a "well-established use status" in the treatment of postmenopausal (i.e., climacteric) complaints, which predominantly include vasomotor symptoms such as hot flushes and sweating, as well as nervousness, irritability, and metabolic changes. Although characteristic postmenopausal complaints are known for a very long time and the beneficial effects of CRE on climacteric symptoms are well accepted, both the pathophysiology of postmenopausal symptoms and the mechanism of action of CREs are not yet fully understood. In particular, current hypotheses suggest that changes in the α-adrenergic and serotonergic signaling pathways secondary to estrogen depletion are responsible for the development of hot flushes. PURPOSE Some of the symptoms associated with menopause cannot be explained by these hypotheses. Therefore, we attempted to extend our classic understanding of menopause by integrating of partly age-related metabolic impairments. METHODS A comprehensive literature survey was performed using the PubMed database for articles published through September 2021. The following search terms were used: (cimicifuga OR AMPK) AND (hot flush* OR hot flash* OR menopaus* OR osteoporos* OR cancer OR antioxida* OR cardiovasc*). No limits were set with respect to language, and the references cited in the articles retrieved were used to identify additional publications. RESULTS We found that menopause is a manifestation of the general aging process, with specific metabolic changes that aggravate menopausal symptoms, which are accelerated by estrogen depletion and associated neurotransmitter dysregulation. Cimicifuga extracts with their metabolic effects mitigate climacteric symptoms but may also modulate the aging process itself. Central to these effects are effects of CRE on the metabolic key regulator, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CONCLUSIONS As an extension of this effect dimension, other off-label indications may appear attractive in the sense of repurposing of this herbal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Drewe
- Medical Department, Max Zeller Soehne AG, CH-8590 Romanshorn, Switzerland.
| | - Georg Boonen
- Medical Department, Max Zeller Soehne AG, CH-8590 Romanshorn, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Boutari C, Pappas PD, Theodoridis TD, Vavilis D. Humanin and diabetes mellitus: A review of in vitro and in vivo studies. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:213-223. [PMID: 35432758 PMCID: PMC8984571 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanin (HN) is a 24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived polypeptide with cyto-protective and anti-apoptotic effects that regulates the mitochondrial functions under stress conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests the role of HN against age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. The decline in insulin action is a metabolic feature of aging and thus, type 2 diabetes mellitus is considered an age-related disease, as well. It has been suggested that HN increases insulin sensitivity, improves the survival of pancreatic beta cells, and delays the onset of diabetes, actions that could be deployed in the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this review is to present the in vitro and in vivo studies that examined the role of HN in insulin resistance and diabetes and to discuss its newly emerging role as a therapeutic option against those conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula Boutari
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Panagiotis D Pappas
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 56429, Greece
| | - Theodoros D Theodoridis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 56429, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vavilis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 56429, Greece
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus 20537 1678, Cyprus
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Gomes MT, Bai Y, Potje SR, Zhang L, Lockett AD, Machado RF. Signal Transduction during Metabolic and Inflammatory Reprogramming in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2410. [PMID: 35269553 PMCID: PMC8910500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by (mal)adaptive remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature, which is associated with inflammation, fibrosis, thrombosis, and neovascularization. Vascular remodeling in PAH is associated with cellular metabolic and inflammatory reprogramming that induce profound endothelial and smooth muscle cell phenotypic changes. Multiple signaling pathways and regulatory loops act on metabolic and inflammatory mediators which influence cellular behavior and trigger pulmonary vascular remodeling in vivo. This review discusses the role of bioenergetic and inflammatory impairments in PAH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta T. Gomes
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.B.); (S.R.P.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Yang Bai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.B.); (S.R.P.); (A.D.L.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Simone R. Potje
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.B.); (S.R.P.); (A.D.L.)
- Department of Biological Science, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), Passos 37900-106, Brazil
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Ion Channel Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Angelia D. Lockett
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.B.); (S.R.P.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Roberto F. Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (Y.B.); (S.R.P.); (A.D.L.)
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Loric S, Conti M. Versatile Functional Energy Metabolism Platform Working From Research to Patient: An Integrated View of Cell Bioenergetics. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:750431. [PMID: 35295105 PMCID: PMC8915814 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.750431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions that were not discovered during preclinical and clinical testing have been responsible for at least restriction of use as far as withdrawal of many drugs. To solve mitochondrial machinery complexity, integrative methodologies combining different data, coupled or not to mathematic modelling into systems biology, could represent a strategic way but are still very hard to implement. These technologies should be accurate and precise to avoid accumulation of errors that can lead to misinterpretations, and then alter prediction efficiency. To address such issue, we have developed a versatile functional energy metabolism platform that can measure quantitatively, in parallel, with a very high precision and accuracy, a high number of biological parameters like substrates or enzyme cascade activities in essential metabolism units (glycolysis, respiratory chain ATP production, oxidative stress...) Its versatility (our platform works on either cell lines or small animals and human samples) allows cell metabolism pathways fine tuning comparison from preclinical to clinical studies. Applied here to OXPHOS and/or oxidative stress as an example, it allows discriminating compounds with acute toxic effects but, most importantly, those inducing low noise chronic ones.
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22
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Manickam DS. Delivery of mitochondria via extracellular vesicles – A new horizon in drug delivery. J Control Release 2022; 343:400-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Díaz-Resendiz KJG, Covantes-Rosales CE, Benítez-Trinidad AB, Navidad-Murrieta MS, Razura-Carmona FF, Carrillo-Cruz CD, Frias-Delgadillo EJ, Pérez-Díaz DA, Díaz-Benavides MV, Zambrano-Soria M, Ventura-Ramón GH, Romero-Castro A, Alam-Escamilla D, Girón-Pérez MI. Effect of Fucoidan on the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (ΔΨm) of Leukocytes from Patients with Active COVID-19 and Subjects That Recovered from SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:99. [PMID: 35200630 PMCID: PMC8878973 DOI: 10.3390/md20020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a polysaccharide obtained from marine brown algae, with anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and immune-enhancing properties, thus, fucoidan may be used as an alternative treatment (complementary to prescribed medical therapy) for COVID-19 recovery. This work aimed to determine the ex-vivo effects of treatment with fucoidan (20 µg/mL) on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm, using a cationic cyanine dye, 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6(3)) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (HPBMC) isolated from healthy control (HC) subjects, COVID-19 patients (C-19), and subjects that recently recovered from COVID-19 (R1, 40 ± 13 days after infection). In addition, ex-vivo treatment with fucoidan (20 and 50 µg/mL) was evaluated on ΔΨm loss induced by carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP, 150 µM) in HPBMC isolated from healthy subjects (H) and recovered subjects at 11 months post-COVID-19 (R2, 335 ± 20 days after infection). Data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces HPBMC loss of ΔΨm, even 11 months after infection, however, fucoidan promotes recovery of ΔΨm in PBMCs from COVID-19 recovered subjects. Therefore, fucoidan may be a potential treatment to diminish long-term sequelae from COVID-19, using mitochondria as a therapeutic target for the recovery of cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Janice Guadalupe Díaz-Resendiz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Covantes-Rosales
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Alma Betsaida Benítez-Trinidad
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Migdalia Sarahy Navidad-Murrieta
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Francisco Fabian Razura-Carmona
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Christian Daniel Carrillo-Cruz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Edwin Jaime Frias-Delgadillo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Daniela Alejandra Pérez-Díaz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Matxil Violeta Díaz-Benavides
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Mercedes Zambrano-Soria
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Guadalupe Herminia Ventura-Ramón
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
| | - Aurelio Romero-Castro
- División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Av. Erik Paolo Martínez S/N. Esquina Av. 4 de Marzo, Col. Magisterial, Chetumal 77039, Quintana Roo, Mexico;
| | - David Alam-Escamilla
- Departamento de Investigation, Desarrollo e Inovación, Earth and Life University, Selvamar, Paseo Selvamar, Playa del Carmen 77727, Quintana Roo, Mexico;
| | - Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación para la Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Calle Tres S/N. Colonia. Cd. Industrial, Tepic 63173, Nayarit, Mexico; (K.J.G.D.-R.); (C.E.C.-R.); (A.B.B.-T.); (M.S.N.-M.); (F.F.R.-C.); (C.D.C.-C.); (E.J.F.-D.); (D.A.P.-D.); (M.V.D.-B.); (M.Z.-S.); (G.H.V.-R.)
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GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation Improves Impaired Mitochondrial Fuel Oxidation and Lowers Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Pilot Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010154. [PMID: 35052658 PMCID: PMC8773349 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are known to have mitochondrial dysfunction and increased insulin resistance (IR), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We reported previously that (a) adequacy of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) is necessary for optimal mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation (MFO); (b) supplementing the GSH precursors glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in mice corrected GSH deficiency, reversed impaired MFO, and lowered oxidative stress (OxS) and IR; and (c) supplementing GlyNAC in patients with T2D improved GSH synthesis and concentrations, and lowered OxS. However, the effect of GlyNAC on MFO, MGO (mitochondrial glucose oxidation), IR and plasma FFA (free-fatty acid) concentrations in humans with T2D remains unknown. This manuscript reports the effect of supplementing GlyNAC for 14-days on MFO, MGO, IR and FFA in 10 adults with T2D and 10 unsupplemented non-diabetic controls. Fasted T2D participants had 36% lower MFO (p < 0.001), 106% higher MGO (p < 0.01), 425% higher IR (p < 0.001) and 76% higher plasma FFA (p < 0.05). GlyNAC supplementation significantly improved fasted MFO by 30% (p < 0.001), lowered MGO by 47% (p < 0.01), decreased IR by 22% (p < 0.01) and lowered FFA by 25% (p < 0.01). These results provide proof-of-concept that GlyNAC supplementation could improve mitochondrial dysfunction and IR in patients with T2D, and warrant additional research.
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He X, Liu J, Zang WJ. Mitochondrial homeostasis and redox status in cardiovascular diseases: Protective role of the vagal system. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:369-379. [PMID: 34906725 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in essential cellular functions, including energy production, metabolism, redox homeostasis regulation, intracellular Ca2+ handling, apoptosis, and cell fate determination. Disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis under pathological conditions results in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and energy insufficiency, which further disturb mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis in a deleterious loop. Mitochondrial redox status has therefore become a potential target for therapy against cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we highlight recent progress in determining the roles of mitochondrial processes in regulating mitochondrial redox status, including mitochondrial dynamics (fusion-fission pathways), mitochondrial cristae remodeling, mitophagy, biogenesis, and mitochondrion-organelle interactions (endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrion interactions, nucleus-mitochondrion communication, and lipid droplet-mitochondrion interactions). The strategies that activate vagal system include direct vagal activation (electrical vagal stimulation and administration of vagal neurotransmitter acetylcholine) and pharmacological modulation (choline and cholinesterase inhibitors). The vagal system plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, moderating mitochondrial fusion and fission, strengthening mitochondrial cristae stabilization, regulating mitochondrion-organelle interactions, and inhibiting mitochondrial Ca2+ overload. Therefore, enhancement of vagal activity can maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China; University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Wei-Jin Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China.
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State of Evidence on Oral Health Problems in Diabetic Patients: A Critical Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5383. [PMID: 34830663 PMCID: PMC8618619 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225383&set/a 912874875+940716348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem, having recognized that in the next 20 years the number of diabetic patients in the world will increase to 642 million. DM exerts enormous repercussions on general health diabetic (especially derived from vascular, cardiac, renal, ocular, or neurological affectation). It entails in addition a high number of deaths directly related to the disease, as well as a high health care cost, estimated at $673 billion annually. Oral cavity is found among all the organs and systems affected in the course of DM. Important pathologies are developed with higher prevalence, such as periodontitis (PD), alterations in salivary flow, fungal infections, oral cancer, and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). It has been proven that PD hinders the metabolic control of DM and that the presence of PD increases the possibility for developing diabetes. Despite the relevance of these oral pathologies, the knowledge of primary care physicians and diabetes specialists about the importance of oral health in diabetics, as well as the knowledge of dentists about the importance of DM for oral health of patients is scarce or non-existent. It is accepted that the correct management of diabetic patients requires interdisciplinary teams, including dentists. In this critical review, the existing knowledge and evidence-degree on the preventive, clinical, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic aspects of oral diseases that occur with a significant frequency in the diabetic population are developed in extension.
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State of Evidence on Oral Health Problems in Diabetic Patients: A Critical Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225383
expr 893869204 + 932072443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem, having recognized that in the next 20 years the number of diabetic patients in the world will increase to 642 million. DM exerts enormous repercussions on general health diabetic (especially derived from vascular, cardiac, renal, ocular, or neurological affectation). It entails in addition a high number of deaths directly related to the disease, as well as a high health care cost, estimated at $673 billion annually. Oral cavity is found among all the organs and systems affected in the course of DM. Important pathologies are developed with higher prevalence, such as periodontitis (PD), alterations in salivary flow, fungal infections, oral cancer, and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). It has been proven that PD hinders the metabolic control of DM and that the presence of PD increases the possibility for developing diabetes. Despite the relevance of these oral pathologies, the knowledge of primary care physicians and diabetes specialists about the importance of oral health in diabetics, as well as the knowledge of dentists about the importance of DM for oral health of patients is scarce or non-existent. It is accepted that the correct management of diabetic patients requires interdisciplinary teams, including dentists. In this critical review, the existing knowledge and evidence-degree on the preventive, clinical, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic aspects of oral diseases that occur with a significant frequency in the diabetic population are developed in extension.
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González-Moles MÁ, Ramos-García P. State of Evidence on Oral Health Problems in Diabetic Patients: A Critical Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5383. [PMID: 34830663 PMCID: PMC8618619 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem, having recognized that in the next 20 years the number of diabetic patients in the world will increase to 642 million. DM exerts enormous repercussions on general health diabetic (especially derived from vascular, cardiac, renal, ocular, or neurological affectation). It entails in addition a high number of deaths directly related to the disease, as well as a high health care cost, estimated at $673 billion annually. Oral cavity is found among all the organs and systems affected in the course of DM. Important pathologies are developed with higher prevalence, such as periodontitis (PD), alterations in salivary flow, fungal infections, oral cancer, and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). It has been proven that PD hinders the metabolic control of DM and that the presence of PD increases the possibility for developing diabetes. Despite the relevance of these oral pathologies, the knowledge of primary care physicians and diabetes specialists about the importance of oral health in diabetics, as well as the knowledge of dentists about the importance of DM for oral health of patients is scarce or non-existent. It is accepted that the correct management of diabetic patients requires interdisciplinary teams, including dentists. In this critical review, the existing knowledge and evidence-degree on the preventive, clinical, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic aspects of oral diseases that occur with a significant frequency in the diabetic population are developed in extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel González-Moles
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Ramos-García
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
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Lee YH, Park JY, Lee H, Song ES, Kuk MU, Joo J, Oh S, Kwon HW, Park JT, Park SC. Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism as a Strategy to Treat Senescence. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113003. [PMID: 34831224 PMCID: PMC8616445 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of organelles that undergo significant changes associated with senescence. An increase in mitochondrial size is observed in senescent cells, and this increase is ascribed to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria that generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Such dysfunctional mitochondria are prime targets for ROS-induced damage, which leads to the deterioration of oxidative phosphorylation and increased dependence on glycolysis as an energy source. Based on findings indicating that senescent cells exhibit mitochondrial metabolic alterations, a strategy to induce mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming has been proposed to treat aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we discuss senescence-related mitochondrial changes and consequent mitochondrial metabolic alterations. We assess the significance of mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming for senescence regulation and propose the appropriate control of mitochondrial metabolism to ameliorate senescence. Learning how to regulate mitochondrial metabolism will provide knowledge for the control of aging and age-related pathologies. Further research focusing on mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming will be an important guide for the development of anti-aging therapies, and will provide novel strategies for anti-aging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Ji Yun Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Haneur Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Eun Seon Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Junghyun Joo
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Sekyung Oh
- Department of Medical Sciences, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon 22711, Korea;
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.K.); (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8090 (H.W.K.); +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.K.); (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8090 (H.W.K.); +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.W.K.); (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8090 (H.W.K.); +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
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Wang P, Liu Y, Zhang T, Yin C, Kang SY, Kim SJ, Park YK, Jung HW. Effects of Root Extract of Morinda officinalis in Mice with High-Fat-Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and C2C12 Myoblast Differentiation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26959-26968. [PMID: 34693116 PMCID: PMC8529596 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes and causes a decline in muscle quality. In this study, we investigated the effects of the root extract of Morinda officinalis (MORE) on skeletal muscle damage in mice with high-fat-diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and the expression of myogenic and biogenesis regulatory proteins in C2C12 myoblast differentiation. An in vivo model comprised C57BL/6N mice fed HFD for 8 weeks, followed by a single injection of STZ at 120 mg/kg. MORE was administered at 100 and 200 mg/kg once daily (p.o.) for 4 weeks. The changes in body weight, calorie intake, and serum levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TCHO), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were investigated in diabetic mice. The histological changes in the gastrocnemius muscle were observed by H&E staining, and then the myofiber size was measured. The expression of the myogenic (MHC, myogenin, and MyoD) and biogenesis (PGC-1α, SIRT1, NRF1, and TFAM) regulatory proteins was examined in the muscle tissues and differentiated C2C12 myoblasts by Western blot, respectively. The administration of MORE at 200 mg/kg in mice with HFD/STZ-induced diabetes significantly reduced weight gains, calorie intake, insulin resistance, and serum levels of glucose, TCHO, LDL-C, AST, and ALT. MORE administration at 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly increased serum insulin and HDL-C levels in diabetic mice. In addition, MORE significantly increased the expression of MHC, myogenin, MyoD, PGC-1α, SIRT1, NRF1, and TFAM in muscle tissues as well as increased the myofiber size in diabetic mice. In C2C12 myoblast differentiation, MORE treatment at 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL significantly increased the expression of myogenic and biogenesis regulatory proteins in a dose-dependent manner. MORE improves diabetes symptoms in mice with HFD/STZ-induced diabetes by improving muscle function. This suggests that MORE could be used to prevent or treat diabetes along with muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Wang
- Department
of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 38066 Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Yi Liu
- Department
of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 38066 Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department
of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 38066 Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Cheng Yin
- Department
of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 38066 Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Seok Yong Kang
- Korean
Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, 38066 Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department
of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 38066 Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Park
- Department
of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 38066 Gyeongju, Korea
- Korean
Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, 38066 Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Hyo Won Jung
- Department
of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 38066 Gyeongju, Korea
- Korean
Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, 38066 Gyeongju, Korea
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Pathophysiology of Physical Inactivity-Dependent Insulin Resistance: A Theoretical Mechanistic Review Emphasizing Clinical Evidence. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:7796727. [PMID: 34660812 PMCID: PMC8516544 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7796727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern lifestyle has a negative impact on health. It is usually accompanied by increased stress levels and lower physical activity, which interferes with body homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus is a relatively common metabolic disorder with increasing prevalence globally, associated with various risk factors, including lower physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle. It has been shown that sedentary behavior increases the risk of insulin resistance, but the intermediate molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this mechanistic review, we explore the possible interactions between physical inactivity and insulin resistance to help better understand the pathophysiology of physical inactivity-dependent insulin resistance and finding novel interventions against these deleterious pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Oliveira KAD, Araújo HN, Lima TID, Oliveira AG, Favero-Santos BC, Guimarães DSP, Freitas PAD, Neves RDJD, Vasconcelos RP, Almeida MGGD, Ramos MV, Silveira LR, Oliveira ACD. Phytomodulatory proteins isolated from Calotropis procera latex promote glycemic control by improving hepatic mitochondrial function in HepG2 cells. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:1061-1069. [PMID: 34588851 PMCID: PMC8463474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The medicinal uses of Calotropis procera are diverse, yet some of them are based on effects that still lack scientific support. Control of diabetes is one of them. Recently, latex proteins from C. procera latex (LP) have been shown to promote in vivo glycemic control by the inhibition of hepatic glucose production via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Glycemic control has been attributed to an isolated fraction of LP (CpPII), which is composed of cysteine peptidases (95%) and osmotin (5%) isoforms. Those proteins are extensively characterized in terms of chemistry, biochemistry and structural aspects. Furthermore, we evaluated some aspects of the mitochondrial function and cellular mechanisms involved in CpPII activity. The effect of CpPII on glycemic control was evaluated in fasting mice by glycemic curve and glucose and pyruvate tolerance tests. HepG2 cells was treated with CpPII, and cell viability, oxygen consumption, PPAR activity, production of lactate and reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial density and protein and gene expression were analyzed. CpPII reduced fasting glycemia, improved glucose tolerance and inhibited hepatic glucose production in control animals. Additionally, CpPII increased the consumption of ATP-linked oxygen and mitochondrial uncoupling, reduced lactate concentration, increased protein expression of mitochondrial complexes I, III and V, and activity of peroxisome-proliferator-responsive elements (PPRE), reduced the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased mitochondrial density in HepG2 cells by activation of AMPK/PPAR. Our findings strongly support the medicinal use of the plant and suggest that CpPII is a potential therapy for prevention and/or treatment of type-2 diabetes. A common epitope sequence shared among the proteases and osmotin is possibly the responsible for the beneficial effects of CpPII.
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Key Words
- AMPK, AMP-activated kinase protein
- AUC, Area under the curve
- Bioactive proteins
- CTL, Control
- Calotropis procera
- CpPII, Major peptidase fraction treated with iodoacetamide
- DHE, Dihydroethidium
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- FCCP, Oligomycin carbonyl cyanide 4 (trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazine
- Folk medicine
- Glycemia
- HGP, Hepatic glucose production
- LP, Soluble latex proteins from Calotropis procera
- Latex
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- OCR, Oxygen consumption rate
- OXPHOS, Oxidative phosphorylation
- PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- PPRE, PPAR response element
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- TBS-T, Tris buffered saline solution containing 0.1% Tween 20
- UCP2, Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ariclecio Cunha de Oliveira
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Corresponding author.at: Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.
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Vittal Rao H, Bihaqi SW, Iannucci J, Sen A, Grammas P. Thrombin Signaling Contributes to High Glucose-Induced Injury of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:211-224. [PMID: 33252072 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the strongest disease-related risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In diabetics, hyperglycemia-induced microvascular complications are the major cause of end-organ injury, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Microvascular pathology is also an important and early feature of AD. The cerebral microvasculature may be a point of convergence of both diseases. Several lines of evidence also implicate thrombin in AD as well as in diabetes. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the role of thrombin in glucose-induced brain microvascular endothelial injury. METHODS Cultured Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) were treated with 30 mM glucose±100 nM thrombin and±250 nM Dabigatran or inhibitors of PAR1, p38MAPK, MMP2, or MMP9. Cytotoxicity and thrombin activity assays on supernatants and western blotting for protein expression in lysates were performed. RESULTS reatment of HBMVECs with 30 mM glucose increased thrombin activity and expression of inflammatory proteins TNFα, IL-6, and MMPs 2 and 9; this elevation was reduced by the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. Direct treatment of brain endothelial cells with thrombin upregulated p38MAPK and CREB, and induced TNFα, IL6, MMP2, and MMP9 as well as oxidative stress proteins NOX4 and iNOS. Inhibition of thrombin, thrombin receptor PAR1 or p38MAPK decrease expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress proteins, implying that thrombin may play a central role in glucose-induced endothelial injury. CONCLUSION Since preventing brain endothelial injury would preserve blood-brain barrier integrity, prevent neuroinflammation, and retain intact functioning of the neurovascular unit, inhibiting thrombin, or its downstream signaling effectors, could be a therapeutic strategy for mitigating diabetes-induced dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haripriya Vittal Rao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Syed Waseem Bihaqi
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jaclyn Iannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Abhik Sen
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Paula Grammas
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Mthembu SXH, Dludla PV, Madoroba E, Chellan N, Kappo AP, Muller CJF. Antimycin A-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is consistent with impaired insulin signaling in cultured skeletal muscle cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 76:105224. [PMID: 34302933 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction are characteristic features of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, a causal relationship between insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction has not been fully established in the skeletal muscle. Accordingly, we have evaluated the effect of antimycin A (AA), a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III inhibitor, on mitochondrial bioenergetics and insulin signaling by exposing C2C12 skeletal muscle cells to its concentrations of 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 μM for 12 h. Thereafter, metabolic activity, ROS production, glucose uptake, Seahorse XF Real-time ATP and Mito Stress assays were performed. Followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. This study confirmed that AA induces mitochondrial dysfunction and promote ROS production in C2C12 myotubes, culminating in a significant decrease in mitochondrial respiration and downregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics (TFAM, UCP2, PGC1α). Increased pAMPK and extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) confirmed a potential compensatory enhancement in glycolysis. Additionally, AA impaired insulin signaling (protein kinase B/AKT) and decreased insulin stimulated glucose uptake. This study confirmed that an adaptive relationship exists between mitochondrial functionality and insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle. Thus, therapeutics or interventions that improve mitochondrial function could ameliorate insulin resistance as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, NorthWest University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
| | - Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Evelyn Madoroba
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Nireshni Chellan
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Abidemi P Kappo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
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Calloni C, Martínez LS, Gil DF, da Silva DM, Jahn MP, Salvador M. Jabuticaba [ Plinia trunciflora (O. Berg) Kausel] Protects Liver of Diabetic Rats Against Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Through the Modulation of SIRT3 Expression. Front Physiol 2021; 12:665747. [PMID: 34295258 PMCID: PMC8290295 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complications generated by hyperglycemia present in diabetes mellitus (DM) have been constantly related to oxidative stress and dysfunction in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), which is present in mitochondria, is responsible for regulating several proteins involved in metabolic homeostasis and oxidative stress. Studies have suggested alterations in the expression of SIRT3 in DM. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of phenolic compounds in jabuticaba (Plinia trunciflora), a berry native to Brazil, on the activity of mitochondrial ETC complexes, SIRT3 protein expression, and oxidative stress parameters in liver of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. After type 1 DM induction (streptozotocin 65 mg/kg), diabetic and healthy rats were treated with jabuticaba peel extract (JPE) by gavage (0.5 g/kg of weight) for 30 days. After treatments, those diabetic rats presented impaired activities of complexes I, II, and III of ETC along with an overexpression of SIRT3. In addition, an increase in lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities was observed in the diabetic group. The treatment with JPE was able to recover the activity of the mitochondrial complexes and reduce the expression of SIRT3. Furthermore, JPE treatment reduced oxidative damage to lipids and brought the antioxidants enzyme activities to basal levels in diabetic rats. Together, these results demonstrate that JPE can reduce oxidative stress related to DM by restoring mitochondrial complexes activity and regulating SIRT3 expression. Thus, JPE could become an alternative to reduce the development of complications related to DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Calloni
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luana Soares Martínez
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniela Franciele Gil
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Douglas Machado da Silva
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Parmegiani Jahn
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Laboratório de Estresse Oxidativo e Antioxidantes, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
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Rodway LA, Pauls SD, Aukema HM, Zahradka P, Taylor CG. Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial examining the effects of marine- and plant-sourced omega-3 fatty acid supplements on octadecanoid profiles and inflammation in females with obesity (OXBIO trial). Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 170:102284. [PMID: 34051428 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) has been reported to provide health benefits, but it remains unknown whether the fatty acids themselves or their oxygenated metabolites, oxylipins, are responsible for the beneficial effects. PURPOSE This paper describes the design and rationale of a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over study comparing the effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA)-rich flax oil and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich fish oil supplementation on circulating oxylipin profiles in females with obesity, in relation to obesity-induced inflammation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Pre-menopausal females (n = 24) aged 20-55 with a BMI ≥30, will consume capsules containing flaxseed oil (4 g ALA/day) or fish oil (4 g DHA + 0.8 g EPA/day) during 4-week supplementation phases, with a minimum 4-week washout. The primary outcome is alterations in plasma oxylipin profiles. Secondary outcomes include effects of supplementation on circulating markers of inflammation, adipokines, plasma fatty acid composition, blood lipid profile, anthropometrics, oxylipin and cytokine profiles of stimulated immune cells, monocyte glucose metabolism, blood pressure and pulse wave velocity. ETHICS AND SIGNIFICANCE This trial has been approved by the University of Manitoba Biomedical Research Ethics Board and the St. Boniface Hospital Research Review Committee. The study will provide information regarding the effects of ALA and DHA supplementation on oxylipin profiles in obese but otherwise healthy females. Additionally, it will improve our understanding of the response of circulating inflammatory mediators originating from immune cells, adipose tissue and the liver to n-3 PUFA supplementation in relation to the metabolic features of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Rodway
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Samantha D Pauls
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Linenberg I, Fornes D, Higa R, Jawerbaum A, Capobianco E. Intergenerational effects of the antioxidant Idebenone on the placentas of rats with gestational diabetes mellitus. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 104:16-26. [PMID: 34175429 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Experimental models of maternal diabetes lead to the intrauterine programming of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in the offspring, together with an intrauterine proinflammatory environment, feto-placental metabolic alterations and fetal overgrowth. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the mitochondrial antioxidant Idebenone given to F0 mild pregestational diabetic rats on the development of GDM in their F1 offspring and the intergenerational programming of a pro-oxidant/proinflammatory environment that affects the placentas of F2 fetuses. Control and mild pregestational diabetic female rats (F0) were mated with control males, and Idebenone or vehicle was administered to diabetic rats from day 1 of gestation to term. The F1 female offspring were mated with control males and maternal and fetal plasma samples were obtained for metabolic determinations at term. The F2 fetuses and placentas were weighed, and placental protein levels and peroxynitrite-induced damage (immunohistochemistry), mRNA levels (PCR), nitric oxide production (Griess reaction), and number of apoptotic cells (TUNEL) were evaluated. The F1 offspring of F0 diabetic rats (treated or not with Idebenone) developed GDM. The placentas of GDM rats showed a decrease in the mRNA levels of manganese superoxide dismutase and an increase in the production of nitric oxide, peroxynitrite-induced damage, and connective tissue growth factor levels, alterations that were prevented by the maternal Idebenone treatment in F0 rats. In conclusion, the maternal treatment with Idebenone in pregestational diabetic F0 rats ameliorates the pro-oxidant/proinflammatory environment that affects the placentas of F2 fetuses, although it does not prevent F1 rats from developing GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Linenberg
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Fornes
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Higa
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Capobianco
- Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Krako Jakovljevic N, Pavlovic K, Jotic A, Lalic K, Stoiljkovic M, Lukic L, Milicic T, Macesic M, Stanarcic Gajovic J, Lalic NM. Targeting Mitochondria in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6642. [PMID: 34205752 PMCID: PMC8233932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), one of the most prevalent noncommunicable diseases, is often preceded by insulin resistance (IR), which underlies the inability of tissues to respond to insulin and leads to disturbed metabolic homeostasis. Mitochondria, as a central player in the cellular energy metabolism, are involved in the mechanisms of IR and T2D. Mitochondrial function is affected by insulin resistance in different tissues, among which skeletal muscle and liver have the highest impact on whole-body glucose homeostasis. This review focuses on human studies that assess mitochondrial function in liver, muscle and blood cells in the context of T2D. Furthermore, different interventions targeting mitochondria in IR and T2D are listed, with a selection of studies using respirometry as a measure of mitochondrial function, for better data comparison. Altogether, mitochondrial respiratory capacity appears to be a metabolic indicator since it decreases as the disease progresses but increases after lifestyle (exercise) and pharmacological interventions, together with the improvement in metabolic health. Finally, novel therapeutics developed to target mitochondria have potential for a more integrative therapeutic approach, treating both causative and secondary defects of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nebojsa M. Lalic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.K.J.); (K.P.); (A.J.); (K.L.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (T.M.); (M.M.); (J.S.G.)
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A metabolomics approach to investigate the proceedings of mitochondrial dysfunction in rats from prediabetes to diabetes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4762-4769. [PMID: 34354464 PMCID: PMC8324946 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of preventable cardiovascular disease, but the metabolic changes from prediabetes to diabetes have not been fully clarified. This study implemented a metabolomics profiling platform to investigate the variations of metabolites and to elucidate their global profiling from metabolic syndrome to DM. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 44) were divided into four groups. Three groups were separately fed with a normal diet, a high-fructose diet (HF), or a high-fat (HL) diet while one group was treated with streptozotocin. The HF and HL diet were meant to induce insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia, which known to induce DM. Results: The most significant metabolic variations in the DM group’s urine samples were the reduced release of citric acid cycle intermediates, the increase in acylcarnitines, and the decrease in urea excretion, all of which indicated energy metabolism abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall, the metabolic analysis revealed tryptophan metabolic pathway variations in the prediabetic phase, even though the mitochondrial function remains unaffected. Conclusion: This study show that widespread methylations and impaired tryptophan metabolism occur in metabolic syndrome and are then followed by a decline in citric acid cycle intermediates, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes.
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Key Words
- CAN, acetonitrile
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- Diabetes
- GOT, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase
- GPT, glutamate pyruvate transaminase
- HF, high-fructose
- HL, high-fat
- HMDB, human metabolome database
- KEGG, kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- Metabolic syndrome
- Metabolomics
- Methylation
- Mitochondrial dysfunction
- PCA, principal component analysis
- Prediabetes
- STZ, streptozotocin
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triacylglycerol
- Tryptophan
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Sousa A, Ribeiro D, Fernandes E, Freitas M. The Effect of Chalcones on the Main Sources of Reactive Species Production: Possible Therapeutic Implications in Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1625-1669. [PMID: 32448100 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200525010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycaemia, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. There are several factors such as hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress (OS), namely the production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), that actively contribute to the development and worsening of DM. Chalcones, also termed as benzalacetophenone or benzylidene acetophenone, present a 1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-one scaffold that has been shown to be highly promising in the development of new antioxidant compounds. Considering the potential interest of antioxidant therapy, the present review scrutinizes the role of the main sources of ROS/RNS production during DM. The modulatory effect of chalcones against nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, xanthine oxidase, mitochondrial respiratory chain and nitric oxide synthase, is also thoroughly discussed, establishing, whenever possible, a structure-activity relationship (SAR). From the SAR analysis, it can be stated that the presence of catechol groups, hydroxyl and methoxyl substituents in the chalcones scaffold improves their modulatory activity against the main sources of ROS/RNS production in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Sousa
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical, Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical, Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical, Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical, Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Zhan ZY, Wu M, Shang Y, Jiang M, Liu J, Qiao CY, Ye H, Lin YC, Piao MH, Sun RH, Zhang ZH, Jiao JY, Wu YL, Nan JX, Lian LH. Taxifolin ameliorate high-fat-diet feeding plus acute ethanol binge-induced steatohepatitis through inhibiting inflammatory caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. Food Funct 2020; 12:362-372. [PMID: 33325949 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02653k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol drinking and a high-fat diet (HFD) promote steatohepatitis in the comorbidity of NAFLD and AFLD. Taxifolin (TAX) is a rich dihydroxyflavone compound found in onions, milk thistle and Douglas fir. We aimed to explore the intervention mechanism of TAX on chronic steatohepatitis induced by HFD feeding plus acute ethanol binge. We established an in vivo model by HFD feeding plus a single dose of ethanol binge, and established an in vitro model by oleic acid or palmitic acid on HepG2 cells to induce lipid accumulation. TAX regulated lipid synthesis by inhibiting the expression of SREBP1 and upregulating the PPARγ level. In addition, TAX inhibited the expression of P2X7R, IL-1β, and caspase-1. Moreover, TAX reduced the expression of caspase-1 activation; thereby inhibiting the recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils. TAX also improved the inflammatory response caused by caspase-1 activation in steatotic hepatocytes. TAX exhibited an inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation and caspase-1-related pyroptosis. Collectively, TAX has therapeutic potential as an intervention of steatohepatitis induced by alcohol combined with HFD and for preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver degeneration targeting caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ying Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Chun-Ying Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Huan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yong-Ce Lin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Mei-Hua Piao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Rong-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Jing-Ya Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China and Clinical Research Centre, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. and Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
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Abstract
Although type 1 diabetes mellitus and, to a lesser extent, type 2 diabetes mellitus, are the prevailing forms of diabetes in youth, atypical forms of diabetes are not uncommon and may require etiology-specific therapies. By some estimates, up to 6.5% of children with diabetes have monogenic forms. Mitochondrial diabetes and cystic fibrosis related diabetes are less common but often noted in the underlying disease. Atypical diabetes should be considered in patients with a known disorder associated with diabetes, aged less than 25 years with nonautoimmune diabetes and without typical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and/or with comorbidities associated with atypical diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Tamaroff
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3500 Civic Center Boulevard, 12th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Marissa Kilberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3500 Civic Center Boulevard, 12th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sara E Pinney
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3500 Civic Center Boulevard, 12th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shana McCormack
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3500 Civic Center Boulevard, 12th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Iannucci J, Rao HV, Grammas P. High Glucose and Hypoxia-Mediated Damage to Human Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells Induces an Altered, Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype in BV-2 Microglia In Vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:985-996. [PMID: 33136275 PMCID: PMC8942976 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is strongly linked to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), though the mechanisms for this enhanced risk are unclear. Because vascular inflammation is a consistent feature of both diabetes and AD, the cerebral microcirculation could be a key target for the effects of diabetes in the brain. The goal of this study is to explore whether brain endothelial cells, injured by diabetes-related insults, glucose and hypoxia, can affect inflammatory and activation processes in microglia in vitro. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) were either treated with 5 mM glucose (control), 30 mM glucose (high glucose), exposed to hypoxia, or exposed to hypoxia plus high glucose. HBMVEC-conditioned medium was then used to treat BV-2 microglia. Alterations in microglia phenotype were assessed through measurement of nitric oxide (NO), cytokine production, microglial activation state markers, and microglial phagocytosis. HBMVECs were injured by exposure to glucose and/or hypoxia, as assessed by release of LDH, interleukin (IL)-1β, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). HBMVECs injured by glucose and hypoxia induced increases in microglial production of NO, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Injured HBMVECs significantly increased microglial expression of CD11c and CLEC7A, and decreased expression of the homeostatic marker P2RY12. Finally, bead uptake by BV-2 cells, an index of phagocytic ability, was elevated by conditioned media from injured HBMVECs. The demonstration that injury to brain endothelial cells by diabetic-associated insults, glucose and hypoxia, promotes microglial inflammation supports the idea that the cerebral microcirculation is a critical locus for the deleterious effects of diabetes in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Iannucci
- The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, United States. .,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
| | - Haripriya Vittal Rao
- The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, United States.,Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, Wake Forest, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Paula Grammas
- The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
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Sha W, Hu F, Bu S. Mitochondrial dysfunction and pancreatic islet β-cell failure (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:266. [PMID: 33199991 PMCID: PMC7664595 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are the only source of insulin in humans. Mitochondria uses pyruvate to produce ATP as an intermediate link between glucose intake and insulin secretion in β-cells, in a process known as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Previous studies have demonstrated that GSIS is negatively regulated by various factors in the mitochondria, including tRNALeu mutations, high p58 expression, reduced nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase activity, abnormal levels of uncoupling proteins and reduced expression levels of transcription factors A, B1 and B2. Additionally, oxidative stress damages mitochondria and impairs antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to the increased production of reactive oxygen species, which induces β-cell dysfunction. Inflammation in islets can also damage β-cell physiology. Inflammatory cytokines trigger the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria via the NF-κB pathway. The present review examined the potential factors underlying mitochondrial dysfunction and their association with islet β-cell failure, which may offer novel insights regarding future strategies for the preservation of mitochondrial function and enhancement of antioxidant activity for individuals with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Sha
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Fei Hu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Shizhong Bu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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PIP 2: A critical regulator of vascular ion channels hiding in plain sight. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20378-20389. [PMID: 32764146 PMCID: PMC7456132 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006737117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), has long been established as a major contributor to intracellular signaling, primarily by virtue of its role as a substrate for phospholipase C (PLC). Signaling by Gq-protein-coupled receptors triggers PLC-mediated hydrolysis of PIP2 into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, which are well known to modulate vascular ion channel activity. Often overlooked, however, is the role PIP2 itself plays in this regulation. Although numerous reports have demonstrated that PIP2 is critical for ion channel regulation, how it impacts vascular function has received scant attention. In this review, we focus on PIP2 as a regulator of ion channels in smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells-the two major classes of vascular cells. We further address the concerted effects of such regulation on vascular function and blood flow control. We close with a consideration of current knowledge regarding disruption of PIP2 regulation of vascular ion channels in disease.
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Remedying the Mitochondria to Cure Human Diseases by Natural Products. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5232614. [PMID: 32733635 PMCID: PMC7376439 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5232614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the ‘engine' of cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important mechanism in many human diseases. Many natural products could remedy the mitochondria to alleviate mitochondria-involved diseases. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of the relationship between the mitochondria and human diseases and the regulation of natural products to the mitochondria. We proposed that the development of mitochondrial regulators/nutrients from natural products to remedy mitochondrial dysfunction represents an attractive strategy for a mitochondria-involved disorder therapy. Moreover, investigating the mitochondrial regulation of natural products can potentiate the in-depth comprehension of the mechanism of action of natural products.
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De Marañon AM, Iannantuoni F, Abad-Jiménez Z, Canet F, Díaz-Pozo P, López-Domènech S, Jover A, Morillas C, Mariño G, Apostolova N, Rocha M, Victor VM. Relationship between PMN-endothelium interactions, ROS production and Beclin-1 in type 2 diabetes. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101563. [PMID: 32416353 PMCID: PMC7226867 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is closely related to oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)-endothelium interactions and autophagy are associated. We evaluated PMN-endothelial interactions, ROS production and autophagy parameters in 47 type 2 diabetic patients and 57 control subjects. PMNs from type 2 diabetic patients exhibited slower rolling velocity (p < 0.001), higher rolling flux (p < 0.001) and adhesion (p < 0.001) in parallel to higher levels of total (p < 0.05) and mitochondrial ROS (p < 0.05). When the protein expression of autophagy markers was analysed, an increase of Beclin-1 (p < 0.05), LC3I (p < 0.05), LC3II (p < 0.01) and LC3II/LC3I ratio (p < 0.05) was observed. Several correlations between ROS and leukocyte-endothelium parameters were found. Interestingly, in control subjects, an increase of Beclin-1 levels was accompanied by a decrease in the number of rolling (r = 0.561) and adhering PMNs (r = 0.560) and a rise in the velocity of the rolling PMNs (r = 0.593). In contrast, in the type 2 diabetic population, a rise in Beclin-1 levels was related to an increase in the number of rolling (r = 0.437), and adhering PMNs (r = 0.467). These results support the hypothesis that PMN-endothelium interactions, ROS levels and formation of autophagosomes, especially Beclin-1 levels, are enhanced in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranzazu M De Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Iannantuoni
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Zaida Abad-Jiménez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Canet
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Díaz-Pozo
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra López-Domènech
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Jover
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Mariño
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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The role of metabolic diseases in cardiotoxicity associated with cancer therapy: What we know, what we would know. Life Sci 2020; 255:117843. [PMID: 32464123 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, are known risk factors for cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Thus, patients with those comorbidities could be at increased risk of experiencing cardiotoxicity related to treatment with Anthracyclines and the other new generation targeted anticancer drugs. However, investigations addressing the mechanisms underlying the development of CV complications and poor outcome in such cohort of patients are still few and controversial. Given the importance of a personalized approach against chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy, this review summarizes our current knowledge on the pathophysiology of chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy and its association with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Along with clinical evidences, future perspectives of preclinical research around this field and its role in addressing important open questions, including the development of more proactive strategies for prevention, and treatment of cardiotoxicity during and after chemotherapy in the presence of metabolic diseases, is also presented.
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Identification of mitochondrial toxicants by combined in silico and in vitro studies – A structure-based view on the adverse outcome pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2020.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Qi B, He L, Zhao Y, Zhang L, He Y, Li J, Li C, Zhang B, Huang Q, Xing J, Li F, Li Y, Ji L. Akap1 deficiency exacerbates diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice by NDUFS1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1072-1087. [PMID: 32072193 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic cardiomyopathy, characterised by increased oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, contributes to the increased risk of heart failure in individuals with diabetes. Considering that A-kinase anchoring protein 121 (AKAP1) is localised in the mitochondrial outer membrane and plays key roles in the regulation of mitochondrial function, this study aimed to investigate the role of AKAP1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Loss- and gain-of-function approaches were used to investigate the role of AKAP1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected into Akap1-knockout (Akap1-KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates to induce diabetes. In addition, primary neonatal cardiomyocytes treated with high glucose were used as a cell model of diabetes. Cardiac function was assessed with echocardiography. Akap1 overexpression was conducted by injecting adeno-associated virus 9 carrying Akap1 (AAV9-Akap1). LC-MS/MS analysis and functional experiments were used to explore underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS AKAP1 was downregulated in the hearts of STZ-induced diabetic mouse models. Akap1-KO significantly aggravated cardiac dysfunction in the STZ-treated diabetic mice when compared with WT diabetic littermates, as evidenced by the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; STZ-treated WT mice [WT/STZ] vs STZ-treated Akap1-KO mice [KO/STZ], 51.6% vs 41.6%). Mechanistically, Akap1 deficiency impaired mitochondrial respiratory function characterised by reduced ATP production. Additionally, Akap1 deficiency increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis via enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis indicated that AKAP1 interacted with the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit (NDUFS1). Specifically, Akap1 deficiency inhibited complex I activity by preventing translocation of NDUFS1 from the cytosol to mitochondria. Akap1 deficiency was also related to decreased ATP production and enhanced mitochondrial ROS-related apoptosis. In contrast, restoration of AKAP1 expression in the hearts of STZ-treated diabetic mice promoted translocation of NDUFS1 to mitochondria and alleviated diabetic cardiomyopathy in the LVEF (WT/STZ injected with adeno-associated virus carrying gfp [AAV9-gfp] vs WT/STZ AAV9-Akap1, 52.4% vs 59.6%; KO/STZ AAV9-gfp vs KO/STZ AAV9-Akap1, 42.2% vs 57.6%). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study provides the first evidence that Akap1 deficiency exacerbates diabetic cardiomyopathy by impeding mitochondrial translocation of NDUFS1 to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our findings suggest that Akap1 upregulation has therapeutic potential for myocardial injury in individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchao Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Linjie He
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuanfang He
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Lele Ji
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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