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Vendrell X, de Castro P, Escrich L, Grau N, Gonzalez-Martin R, Quiñonero A, Escribá MJ, Domínguez F. Longitudinal profiling of human androgenotes through single-cell analysis unveils paternal gene expression dynamics in early embryo development. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:1186-1196. [PMID: 38622061 PMCID: PMC11145015 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How do transcriptomics vary in haploid human androgenote embryos at single cell level in the first four cell cycles of embryo development? SUMMARY ANSWER Gene expression peaks at the fourth cell cycle, however some androcytes exhibit unique transcriptional behaviors. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The developmental potential of an embryo is determined by the competence of the oocyte and the sperm. However, studies of the contribution of the paternal genome using pure haploid androgenotes are very scarce. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study was performed analyzing the single-cell transcriptomic sequencing of 38 androcytes obtained from 10 androgenote bioconstructs previously produced in vitro (de Castro et al., 2023). These results were analyzed through different bioinformatics software such as g: Profiler, GSEA, Cytoscape, and Reactome. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Single cell sequencing was used to obtain the transcriptomic profiles of the different androcytes. The results obtained were compared between the different cycles studied using the DESeq2 program and functional enrichment pathways using g: Profiler, Cytoscape, and Reactome. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A wave of paternally driven transcriptomic activation was found during the third-cell cycle, with 1128 upregulated and 225 downregulated genes and the fourth-cell cycle, with 1373 upregulated and 286 downregulated genes, compared to first-cell cycle androcytes. Differentially expressed routes related to cell differentiation, DNA-binding transcription, RNA biosynthesis and RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory complex, and cell death were found in the third and fourth with respect to the first-cell cycle. Conversely, in the fourth cell cycle, 153 downregulated and 332 upregulated genes were found compared with third cell cycle, associated with differentially expressed processes related to E-box binding and zinc finger protein 652 (ZNF652) transcription factor. Further, significant overexpression of LEUTX, PRAMEF1, DUXA, RFPL4A, TRIM43, and ZNF675 found in androgenotes, compared to biparental embryos, highlights the paternal contributions to zygote genome activation. LARGE SCALE DATA All raw sequencing data are available through the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under accessions number: GSE216501. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Extrapolation of biological events from uniparental constructs to biparental embryos should be done with caution. Maternal and paternal genomes do not act independently of each other in a natural condition. The absence of one genome may affect gene transcription of the other. In this sense, the haploid condition of the bioconstructs could mask the transcriptomic patterns of the single cells. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results obtained demonstrated the level of involvement of the human paternal haploid genome in the early stages of embryo development as well as its evolution at the transcriptomic level, laying the groundwork for the use of these bioconstructs as reliable models to dispel doubts about the genetic role played by the paternal genome in the early cycles of embryo development. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the project 'PI22/00924', co-funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); 'A way to make Europe'. F.D. was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the Miguel Servet program (CPII018/00002). M.J.E. was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI19/00577 [M.J.E.]) and FI20/00086. P.dC. was supported by a predoctoral grant for training in research into health (PFIS PI19/00577) from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. All authors declare having no conflict of interest with regard to this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Vendrell
- Reproductive Genetics Department, Sistemas Genómicos-Synlab, Valencia, Spain
| | - P de Castro
- Research Department, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation—Reproductive Biology and Bioengineering in Human Reproduction, IIS La Fe Health Research, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Escrich
- Embryology Department, IVIRMA Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - N Grau
- Embryology Department, IVIRMA Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Gonzalez-Martin
- Research Department, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation—Reproductive Biology and Bioengineering in Human Reproduction, IIS La Fe Health Research, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Quiñonero
- Research Department, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation—Reproductive Biology and Bioengineering in Human Reproduction, IIS La Fe Health Research, Valencia, Spain
| | - M J Escribá
- Research Department, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation—Reproductive Biology and Bioengineering in Human Reproduction, IIS La Fe Health Research, Valencia, Spain
- Embryology Department, IVIRMA Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - F Domínguez
- Research Department, IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation—Reproductive Biology and Bioengineering in Human Reproduction, IIS La Fe Health Research, Valencia, Spain
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Michon M, Müller-Schiffmann A, Lingappa AF, Yu SF, Du L, Deiter F, Broce S, Mallesh S, Crabtree J, Lingappa UF, Macieik A, Müller L, Ostermann PN, Andrée M, Adams O, Schaal H, Hogan RJ, Tripp RA, Appaiah U, Anand SK, Campi TW, Ford MJ, Reed JC, Lin J, Akintunde O, Copeland K, Nichols C, Petrouski E, Moreira AR, Jiang IT, DeYarman N, Brown I, Lau S, Segal I, Goldsmith D, Hong S, Asundi V, Briggs EM, Phyo NS, Froehlich M, Onisko B, Matlack K, Dey D, Lingappa JR, Prasad DM, Kitaygorodskyy A, Solas D, Boushey H, Greenland J, Pillai S, Lo MK, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Korth C, Selvarajah S, Paulvannan K, Lingappa VR. A pan-respiratory antiviral chemotype targeting a transient host multi-protein complex. Open Biol 2024; 14:230363. [PMID: 38889796 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a novel small molecule antiviral chemotype that was identified by an unconventional cell-free protein synthesis and assembly-based phenotypic screen for modulation of viral capsid assembly. Activity of PAV-431, a representative compound from the series, has been validated against infectious viruses in multiple cell culture models for all six families of viruses causing most respiratory diseases in humans. In animals, this chemotype has been demonstrated efficacious for porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (a coronavirus) and respiratory syncytial virus (a paramyxovirus). PAV-431 is shown to bind to the protein 14-3-3, a known allosteric modulator. However, it only appears to target the small subset of 14-3-3 which is present in a dynamic multi-protein complex whose components include proteins implicated in viral life cycles and in innate immunity. The composition of this target multi-protein complex appears to be modified upon viral infection and largely restored by PAV-431 treatment. An advanced analog, PAV-104, is shown to be selective for the virally modified target, thereby avoiding host toxicity. Our findings suggest a new paradigm for understanding, and drugging, the host-virus interface, which leads to a new clinical therapeutic strategy for treatment of respiratory viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Michon
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Li Du
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118-4417 USA
| | - Fred Deiter
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean Broce
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jackelyn Crabtree
- University of Georgia, Animal Health Research Center, Athens, GA, 28130 USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Müller
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225 Germany
| | | | - Marcel Andrée
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225 Germany
| | - Ortwin Adams
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225 Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225 Germany
| | - Robert J Hogan
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118-4417 USA
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118-4417 USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jim Lin
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian Brown
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Lau
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilana Segal
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Shi Hong
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaisri R Lingappa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | - Homer Boushey
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - John Greenland
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Satish Pillai
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118-4417 USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Michael K Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carsten Korth
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225 Germany
| | | | | | - Vishwanath R Lingappa
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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3
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Zhang X, Wan J, Huang T, Tang P, Yang L, Bu X, Zhang W, Zhong L. Rapid and accurate identification of stem cell differentiation stages via SERS and convolutional neural networks. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2753-2766. [PMID: 38855654 PMCID: PMC11161375 DOI: 10.1364/boe.519093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring the transition of cell states during induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiation is crucial for clinical medicine and basic research. However, both identification category and prediction accuracy need further improvement. Here, we propose a method combining surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with convolutional neural networks (CNN) to precisely identify and distinguish cell states during stem cell differentiation. First, mitochondria-targeted probes were synthesized by combining AuNRs and mitochondrial localization signal (MLS) peptides to obtain effective and stable SERS spectra signals at various stages of cell differentiation. Then, the SERS spectra served as input datasets, and their distinctive features were learned and distinguished by CNN. As a result, rapid and accurate identification of six different cell states, including the embryoid body (EB) stage, was successfully achieved throughout the stem cell differentiation process with an impressive prediction accuracy of 98.5%. Furthermore, the impact of different spectral feature peaks on the identification results was investigated, which provides a valuable reference for selecting appropriate spectral bands to identify cell states. This is also beneficial for shortening the spectral acquisition region to enhance spectral acquisition speed. These results suggest the potential for SERS-CNN models in quality monitoring of stem cells, advancing the practical applications of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianhui Wan
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoya Bu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liyun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Hiew VV, Teoh PL. Differential gene expression of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal cells mediated by graphene oxide in basal and osteo-induced media. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:383. [PMID: 38433142 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graphene oxide (GO) is widespread in scaffold engineering owing to its extraordinary properties such as multiple oxygen functional groups, high hydrophilicity ability and biocompatibility. It is known to promote differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells, but concomitant comparison of its modulation on the expression profiles of Wharton's jelly (WJ)-MSC surface markers, lineage differentiation, and epigenetic regulatory genes in basal and induced condition are still lacking. Unraveling the fundamental mechanisms is essential for the effective utilization of WJ-MSCs incorporated with GO in therapy. This study aims to explore the unique gene expression profiles and epigenetic characteristics of WJ-MSCs influenced by GO. METHODS AND RESULTS The characterized GO-coated coverslip served as a substrate for culturing WJ-MSCs. In addition to investigating the impact of GO on cell proliferation and differentiation, we conducted a gene expression study using PCR array, while epigenetic control was assessed through bisulfite sequencing and Western blot analysis. Our findings indicate that the presence of GO maintained the proliferation and survival of WJ-MSCs. In the absence of induction, GO led to minor lipid and glycosaminoglycan deposition in WJ-MSCs. This was evidenced by the sustained expression of pluripotency and lineage-specific genes, demethylation at the OCT4 promoter, and a decrease in H3K9 methylation. In osteo-induced condition, the occurrence of osteogenesis appeared to be guided by BMP/TGF and ERK pathway activation, accompanied by the upregulation of osteogenic-related genes and downregulation of DNMT3b. CONCLUSIONS GO in osteo-induced condition create a favorable microenvironment that promotes the osteogenesis of WJ-MSCs by influencing genetic and epigenetic controls. This helps in advancing our knowledge on the use of GO as priming platform and WJ-MSCs an alternate source for bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vun Vun Hiew
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Peik Lin Teoh
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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5
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Sun H, Zhang H. Lysine Methylation-Dependent Proteolysis by the Malignant Brain Tumor (MBT) Domain Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2248. [PMID: 38396925 PMCID: PMC10889763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysine methylation is a major post-translational protein modification that occurs in both histones and non-histone proteins. Emerging studies show that the methylated lysine residues in non-histone proteins provide a proteolytic signal for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The SET7 (SETD7) methyltransferase specifically transfers a methyl group from S-Adenosyl methionine to a specific lysine residue located in a methylation degron motif of a protein substrate to mark the methylated protein for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. LSD1 (Kdm1a) serves as a demethylase to dynamically remove the methyl group from the modified protein. The methylated lysine residue is specifically recognized by L3MBTL3, a methyl-lysine reader that contains the malignant brain tumor domain, to target the methylated proteins for proteolysis by the CRL4DCAF5 ubiquitin ligase complex. The methylated lysine residues are also recognized by PHF20L1 to protect the methylated proteins from proteolysis. The lysine methylation-mediated proteolysis regulates embryonic development, maintains pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and other stem cells such as neural stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, and controls other biological processes. Dysregulation of the lysine methylation-dependent proteolysis is associated with various diseases, including cancers. Characterization of lysine methylation should reveal novel insights into how development and related diseases are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, P.O. Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA;
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Volnitskiy A, Shabalin K, Pantina R, Varfolomeeva E, Kovalev R, Burdakov V, Emelianova S, Garaeva L, Yakimov A, Sogoyan M, Filatov M, Konevega AL, Shtam T. OCT4 Expression in Gliomas Is Dependent on Cell Metabolism. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1107-1120. [PMID: 38392188 PMCID: PMC10887564 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The OCT4 transcription factor is necessary to maintain cell stemness in the early stages of embryogenesis and is involved in the formation of induced pluripotent stem cells, but its role in oncogenesis is not yet entirely clear. In this work, OCT4 expression was investigated in malignant gliomas. Twenty glioma cell lines and a sample of normal adult brain tissue were used. OCT4 expression was found in all studied glioma cell lines but was not detected in normal adult brain tissue. For one of these lines, OCT4 knockdown caused tumor cell death. By varying the culture conditions of these cells, we unexpectedly found that OCT4 expression increased when cells were incubated in serum-free medium, and this effect was significantly enhanced in serum-free and L-glutamine-free medium. L-glutamine and the Krebs cycle, which is slowed down in serum-free medium according to our NMR data, are sources of α-KG. Thus, our data indicate that OCT4 expression in gliomas may be regulated by the α-KG-dependent metabolic reprogramming of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Volnitskiy
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Konstantin Shabalin
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Rimma Pantina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Elena Varfolomeeva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Roman Kovalev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Vladimir Burdakov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Svetlana Emelianova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Luiza Garaeva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Alexander Yakimov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politehnicheskaya 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina Sogoyan
- H.Turner National Medical Research Center for Children's Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Parkovaya 64-68, Pushkin, 196603 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michael Filatov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Andrey L Konevega
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politehnicheskaya 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Shtam
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Fatima N, Saif Ur Rahman M, Qasim M, Ali Ashfaq U, Ahmed U, Masoud MS. Transcriptional Factors Mediated Reprogramming to Pluripotency. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:367-388. [PMID: 37073151 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230417084518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
A unique kind of pluripotent cell, i.e., Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), now being targeted for iPSC synthesis, are produced by reprogramming animal and human differentiated cells (with no change in genetic makeup for the sake of high efficacy iPSCs formation). The conversion of specific cells to iPSCs has revolutionized stem cell research by making pluripotent cells more controllable for regenerative therapy. For the past 15 years, somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency with force expression of specified factors has been a fascinating field of biomedical study. For that technological primary viewpoint reprogramming method, a cocktail of four transcription factors (TF) has required: Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), four-octamer binding protein 34 (OCT3/4), MYC and SOX2 (together referred to as OSKM) and host cells. IPS cells have great potential for future tissue replacement treatments because of their ability to self-renew and specialize in all adult cell types, although factor-mediated reprogramming mechanisms are still poorly understood medically. This technique has dramatically improved performance and efficiency, making it more useful in drug discovery, disease remodeling, and regenerative medicine. Moreover, in these four TF cocktails, more than 30 reprogramming combinations were proposed, but for reprogramming effectiveness, only a few numbers have been demonstrated for the somatic cells of humans and mice. Stoichiometry, a combination of reprogramming agents and chromatin remodeling compounds, impacts kinetics, quality, and efficiency in stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazira Fatima
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Muhammad Saif Ur Rahman
- Institute of Advanced Studies, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Uzair Ahmed
- EMBL Partnership Institute for Genome Editing Technologies, Vilnius University, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
| | - Muhammad Shareef Masoud
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Fugio LB, Silva G, Ferraz CL, Trevisan GL, Coeli-Lacchini FB, Garcia CB, Sousa LO, Malta TM, Gil CD, Leopoldino AM. Accumulation of sphingosine kinase 2 protein induces malignant transformation in oral keratinocytes associated with stemness, autophagy, senescence, and proliferation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119616. [PMID: 37898377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling has been widely explored as a therapeutic target in cancer. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2), one of the kinases that phosphorylate sphingosine, has a cell type and cell location-dependent mechanism of action, so the ability of SK2 to induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, proliferation, and survival is strongly influenced by the cell-context. In contrast to SK1, which is widely studied in different types of cancer, including head and neck cancer, the role of SK2 in the development and progression of oral cancer is still poorly understood. In order to elucidate SK2 role in oral cancer, we performed the overexpression of SK2 in non-tumor oral keratinocyte cell (NOK SK2) and in oral squamous cell carcinoma (HN12 SK2), and RNA interference for SK2 in another oral squamous cell carcinoma (HN13 shSK2). In our study we demonstrate for the first time that accumulation of SK2 can be a starting point for oncogenesis and transforms a non-tumor oral keratinocyte (NOK-SI) into highly aggressive tumor cells, even acting on cell plasticity. Furthermore, in oral metastatic cell line (HN12), SK2 contributed even more to the tumorigenesis, inducing proliferation and tumor growth. Our work reveals the intriguing role of SK2 as an oral tumor promoter and regulator of different pathways and cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Brigliadori Fugio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Lopes Ferraz
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glauce Lunardelli Trevisan
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Borchers Coeli-Lacchini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Bernadelli Garcia
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Oliveira Sousa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tathiane Maistro Malta
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Damas Gil
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of the State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréia Machado Leopoldino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Michon M, Müller-Schiffmann A, Lingappa AF, Yu SF, Du L, Deiter F, Broce S, Mallesh S, Crabtree J, Lingappa UF, Macieik A, Müller L, Ostermann PN, Andrée M, Adams O, Schaal H, Hogan RJ, Tripp RA, Appaiah U, Anand SK, Campi TW, Ford MJ, Reed JC, Lin J, Akintunde O, Copeland K, Nichols C, Petrouski E, Moreira AR, Jiang IT, DeYarman N, Brown I, Lau S, Segal I, Goldsmith D, Hong S, Asundi V, Briggs EM, Phyo NS, Froehlich M, Onisko B, Matlack K, Dey D, Lingappa JR, Prasad MD, Kitaygorodskyy A, Solas D, Boushey H, Greenland J, Pillai S, Lo MK, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Korth C, Selvarajah S, Paulvannan K, Lingappa VR. A Pan-Respiratory Antiviral Chemotype Targeting a Host Multi-Protein Complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2021.01.17.426875. [PMID: 34931190 PMCID: PMC8687465 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.17.426875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel small molecule antiviral chemotype that was identified by an unconventional cell-free protein synthesis and assembly-based phenotypic screen for modulation of viral capsid assembly. Activity of PAV-431, a representative compound from the series, has been validated against infectious virus in multiple cell culture models for all six families of viruses causing most respiratory disease in humans. In animals this chemotype has been demonstrated efficacious for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (a coronavirus) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (a paramyxovirus). PAV-431 is shown to bind to the protein 14-3-3, a known allosteric modulator. However, it only appears to target the small subset of 14-3-3 which is present in a dynamic multi-protein complex whose components include proteins implicated in viral lifecycles and in innate immunity. The composition of this target multi-protein complex appears to be modified upon viral infection and largely restored by PAV-431 treatment. Our findings suggest a new paradigm for understanding, and drugging, the host-virus interface, which leads to a new clinical therapeutic strategy for treatment of respiratory viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Michon
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Li Du
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fred Deiter
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean Broce
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jackelyn Crabtree
- University of Georgia, Animal Health Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Müller
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Marcel Andrée
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ortwin Adams
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert J. Hogan
- University of Georgia, Animal Health Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- University of Georgia, Animal Health Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan C. Reed
- Dept. of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jim Lin
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian Brown
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Lau
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilana Segal
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Shi Hong
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Greenland
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Satish Pillai
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael K. Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel M. Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Carsten Korth
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Vishwanath R. Lingappa
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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10
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Hong L, Hong S, Zhang X. Expression and Functional Analysis of core stemness factors OSKM (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC) in Pan-cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36433. [PMID: 38050242 PMCID: PMC10695605 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dedifferentiation process of tumorigenesis and somatic cell reprogramming has some commonness and differences, which is the key question to cancer therapeutic strategy and stem cell applications. To further explore the commonalities and variance between carcinogenesis and induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming, we investigated the role of stemness factors OSKM (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC) in the pan-cancer process using public clinical data. Expression of OSKM in human pan-cancer was analyzed via the Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database based on the RNA-seq data of tissues. The correlation of expression between OSKM genes was analyzed via the Tumor Immune Evaluation Resource (TIMER) database, while the STRING tool was used to construct the protein-protein interaction network for OSKM. Prognostic impact of OSKM in pan-cancer was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model. The relationships between OSKM and tumor stemness, tumor microenvironment and immune checkpoint and were performed by Sangerbox platform using Pearson correlation analysis. Our results showed that OSKM were universally expressed and significantly altered in tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues in most tumor types. In addition, correlation analysis revealed the relevance of OSKM genes to patient prognosis, cancer cell stemness, tumor microenvironment or immune checkpoint. However, there is little similarity between these genes in terms of how they function in each cancer type. This study elucidates the different roles of core stemness factors OSKM in pan-cancer, offering potential therapeutic targets for novel anti-cancer strategies and knowledge to minimize the potential carcinogenic effects during stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Hong
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Major Obstetrical Diseases, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Medical College, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sijie Hong
- Department of Ultrasound, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Major Obstetrical Diseases, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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11
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Ning J, Cao Y, Zhang R, Li Y. Characteristics of multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cell clusters in different culture conditions. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13528. [PMID: 38009041 PMCID: PMC10651948 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the morphological characteristics of clusters of Muse cells from normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) under different culture conditions. METHODS Muse cells were sorted by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) from NHDFs, and were evaluated by flow cytometry. Muse cells were cultured in suspension and in adherent conditions to obtain Muse cell clusters (M-clusters), which were further characterized by alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining, immunofluorescence (IF) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The M-clusters were further cultured on Lando artificial dermal regeneration matrix (LADRM) for analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and IF staining of frozen sections. RESULTS The proportion of SSEA3 and CD105 double-positive cells obtained by MACS was 87.4%. The sorted cells rapidly formed M-clusters after suspension culture, and showed internal characteristics of stem cells under TEM. After adherent culture, M-clusters stained positively for AP, SSEA-3 and OCT-4. Each M-cluster on the surface of the LADRM displayed an outer membrane of amorphous materials under SEM. Frozen sections and fluorescence staining of LADRM loaded with M-clusters showed an uneven fluorescence intensity of SSEA-3 within the clusters. CONCLUSIONS Muse cells sorted by MACS from NHDFs could generate M-clusters, which included cells of different stemness and are wrapped in membrane-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- Department of DermatologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Yan‐Yun Cao
- Department of DermatologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Ru‐Zhi Zhang
- Department of DermatologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
| | - Yue Li
- Department of DermatologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhouChina
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12
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Wang Y, Qi JJ, Yin YJ, Jiang H, Zhang JB, Liang S, Yuan B. Ferulic Acid Enhances Oocyte Maturation and the Subsequent Development of Bovine Oocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14804. [PMID: 37834252 PMCID: PMC10573426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the quality of oocytes matured in vitro is integral to enhancing the efficacy of in vitro embryo production. Oxidative stress is one of the primary causes of quality decline in oocytes matured in vitro. In this study, ferulic acid (FA), a natural antioxidant found in plant cell walls, was investigated to evaluate its impact on bovine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were treated with different concentrations of FA (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 μM) during in vitro maturation (IVM). Compared to the control group, supplementation with 5 μM FA significantly enhanced the maturation rates of bovine oocytes and the expansion of the cumulus cells area, as well as the subsequent cleavage and blastocyst formation rates after in vitro fertilization (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Furthermore, FA supplementation was observed to effectively decrease the levels of ROS in bovine oocytes and improve their mitochondrial function. Our experiments demonstrate that FA can maintain the levels of antioxidants (GSH, SOD, CAT) in oocytes, thereby alleviating the oxidative stress induced by H2O2. RT-qPCR results revealed that, after FA treatment, the relative mRNA expression levels of genes related to oocyte maturation (GDF-9 and BMP-15), cumulus cell expansion (HAS2, PTX3, CX37, and CX43), and embryo pluripotency (OCT4, SOX2, and CDX2) were significantly increased. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that FA supplementation during bovine oocyte IVM can enhance oocyte quality and the developmental potential of subsequent embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (Y.W.); (J.-J.Q.); (Y.-J.Y.); (H.J.); (J.-B.Z.)
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (Y.W.); (J.-J.Q.); (Y.-J.Y.); (H.J.); (J.-B.Z.)
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13
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Machado LS, Borges CM, de Lima MA, Sangalli JR, Therrien J, Pessôa LVDF, Fantinato Neto P, Perecin F, Smith LC, Meirelles FV, Bressan FF. Exogenous OCT4 and SOX2 Contribution to In Vitro Reprogramming in Cattle. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2577. [PMID: 37761017 PMCID: PMC10526180 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of cell reprogramming by pluripotency-related transcription factors or nuclear transfer seem to be mediated by similar pathways, and the study of the contribution of OCT4 and SOX2 in both processes may help elucidate the mechanisms responsible for pluripotency. Bovine fibroblasts expressing exogenous OCT4 or SOX2, or both, were analyzed regarding the expression of pluripotency factors and imprinted genes H19 and IGF2R, and used for in vitro reprogramming. The expression of the H19 gene was increased in the control sorted group, and putative iPSC-like cells were obtained when cells were not submitted to cell sorting. When sorted cells expressing OCT4, SOX2, or none (control) were used as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer, fusion rates were 60.0% vs. 64.95% and 70.53% vs. 67.24% for SOX2 vs. control and OCT4 vs. control groups, respectively; cleavage rates were 66.66% vs. 81.68% and 86.47% vs. 85.18%, respectively; blastocyst rates were 33.05% vs. 44.15% and 52.06% vs. 44.78%, respectively. These results show that the production of embryos by NT resulted in similar rates of in vitro developmental competence compared to control cells regardless of different profiles of pluripotency-related gene expression presented by donor cells; however, induced reprogramming was compromised after cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Simões Machado
- Post-Graduate Program of Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.S.M.); (C.M.B.); (M.A.d.L.); (L.C.S.); (F.V.M.)
| | - Camila Martins Borges
- Post-Graduate Program of Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.S.M.); (C.M.B.); (M.A.d.L.); (L.C.S.); (F.V.M.)
| | - Marina Amaro de Lima
- Post-Graduate Program of Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.S.M.); (C.M.B.); (M.A.d.L.); (L.C.S.); (F.V.M.)
| | - Juliano Rodrigues Sangalli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.R.S.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (P.F.N.); (F.P.)
| | - Jacinthe Therrien
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada;
| | - Laís Vicari de Figueiredo Pessôa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.R.S.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (P.F.N.); (F.P.)
| | - Paulo Fantinato Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.R.S.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (P.F.N.); (F.P.)
| | - Felipe Perecin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.R.S.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (P.F.N.); (F.P.)
| | - Lawrence Charles Smith
- Post-Graduate Program of Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.S.M.); (C.M.B.); (M.A.d.L.); (L.C.S.); (F.V.M.)
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada;
| | - Flavio Vieira Meirelles
- Post-Graduate Program of Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.S.M.); (C.M.B.); (M.A.d.L.); (L.C.S.); (F.V.M.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.R.S.); (L.V.d.F.P.); (P.F.N.); (F.P.)
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Post-Graduate Program of Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (L.S.M.); (C.M.B.); (M.A.d.L.); (L.C.S.); (F.V.M.)
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14
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Hamilton DJ, Hein AE, Wuttke DS, Batey RT. The DNA binding high mobility group box protein family functionally binds RNA. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1778. [PMID: 36646476 PMCID: PMC10349909 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid binding proteins regulate transcription, splicing, RNA stability, RNA localization, and translation, together tailoring gene expression in response to stimuli. Upon discovery, these proteins are typically classified as either DNA or RNA binding as defined by their in vivo functions; however, recent evidence suggests dual DNA and RNA binding by many of these proteins. High mobility group box (HMGB) proteins have a DNA binding HMGB domain, act as transcription factors and chromatin remodeling proteins, and are increasingly understood to interact with RNA as means to regulate gene expression. Herein, multiple layers of evidence that the HMGB family are dual DNA and RNA binding proteins is comprehensively reviewed. For example, HMGB proteins directly interact with RNA in vitro and in vivo, are localized to RNP granules involved in RNA processing, and their protein interactors are enriched in RNA binding proteins involved in RNA metabolism. Importantly, in cell-based systems, HMGB-RNA interactions facilitate protein-protein interactions, impact splicing outcomes, and modify HMGB protein genomic or cellular localization. Misregulation of these HMGB-RNA interactions are also likely involved in human disease. This review brings to light that as a family, HMGB proteins are likely to bind RNA which is essential to HMGB protein biology. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Recognition RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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15
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Shi S, Geng Z, Yu X, Hu B, Liu L, Chi Z, Qu L, Zhang M, Jin Y. Salidroside Supplementation Affects In Vitro Maturation and Preimplantation Embryonic Development by Promoting Meiotic Resumption. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1729. [PMID: 37761869 PMCID: PMC10530922 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salidroside (Sal) possesses several pharmacological activities, such as antiaging, and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer activities, and proliferation-promoting activities, but the effects of Sal on oocytes have rarely been reported. In the present study, we evaluated the beneficial effects of Sal, which is mainly found in the roots of Rhodiola. Porcine cumulus oocyte complexes were cultured in IVM medium supplemented (with 250 μmol/L) with Sal or not supplemented with Sal. The maturation rate in the Sal group increased from 88.34 ± 4.32% to 94.12 ± 2.29%, and the blastocyst rate in the Sal group increased from 30.35 ± 3.20% to 52.14 ± 7.32% compared with that in the control group. The experimental groups showed significant improvements in the cumulus expansion area. Sal reduced oocyte levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced intracellular GSH levels. Sal supplementation enhanced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP level, and mtDNA copy number, which shows that Sal enhances the cytoplasmic maturation of oocytes. Oocytes in the Sal group exhibited slowed apoptosis and reduced DNA breakage. Cell cycle signals and oocyte meiosis play important roles in oocyte maturation. The mRNA expressions of the MAPK pathway and MAPK phosphorylation increased significantly in the Sal group. The mRNA expression of the oocyte meiosis gene also increased significantly. These results show that Sal enhances the nuclear maturation of oocytes. Moreover, Sal increased the number of blastocyst cells, the proliferation of blastocysts, and the expressions of pluripotency genes. Sal down-regulated apoptosis-related genes and the apoptotic cell rate of blastocysts. In summary, our results demonstrate that Sal is helpful to improving the quality of porcine oocytes in vitro, and their subsequent embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Shi
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (S.S.); (Z.G.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (L.Q.)
| | - Zhaojun Geng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (S.S.); (Z.G.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (L.Q.)
| | - Xianfeng Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (S.S.); (Z.G.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (L.Q.)
| | - Bing Hu
- Animal Genome Editing Technology Innovation Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Liying Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (S.S.); (Z.G.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (L.Q.)
| | - Zhichao Chi
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (S.S.); (Z.G.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (L.Q.)
| | - Linyi Qu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (S.S.); (Z.G.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (L.Q.)
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Animal Genome Editing Technology Innovation Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Yongxun Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (S.S.); (Z.G.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (L.Q.)
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16
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Fisher ML, Balinth S, Hwangbo Y, Wu C, Ballon C, Goldberg GL, Mills AA. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote cancer stemness by inducing expression of the chromatin-modifying protein CBX4 in squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:485-496. [PMID: 37463322 PMCID: PMC10436759 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromobox-containing protein CBX4 is an important regulator of epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation, and has been implicated in several cancer types. The cancer stem cell (CSC) population is a key driver of metastasis and recurrence. The undifferentiated, plastic state characteristic of CSCs relies on cues from the microenvironment. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the microenvironment that can influence the CSC population through the secretion of extracellular matrix and a variety of growth factors. Here we show CBX4 is a critical regulator of the CSC phenotype in squamous cell carcinomas of the skin and hypopharynx. Moreover, CAFs can promote the expression of CBX4 in the CSC population through the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6 activates JAK/STAT3 signaling to increase ∆Np63α-a key transcription factor that is essential for epithelial stem cell function and the maintenance of proliferative potential that is capable of regulating CBX4. Targeting the JAK/STAT3 axis or CBX4 directly suppresses the aggressive phenotype of CSCs and represents a novel opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Fisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Seamus Balinth
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Yon Hwangbo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Caizhi Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Carlos Ballon
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Gary L Goldberg
- Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra University/Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Alea A Mills
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
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17
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Iwasaki Y, Aksu C, Reyes M, Ay B, He Q, Bastepe M. The long-range interaction between two GNAS imprinting control regions delineates pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B pathogenesis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e167953. [PMID: 36853809 PMCID: PMC10104902 DOI: 10.1172/jci167953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic defects of GNAS, the imprinted gene encoding the stimulatory G protein α-subunit, are responsible for multiple diseases. Abnormal GNAS imprinting causes pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B (PHP1B), a prototype of mammalian end-organ hormone resistance. Hypomethylation at the maternally methylated GNAS A/B region is the only shared defect in patients with PHP1B. In autosomal dominant (AD) PHP1B kindreds, A/B hypomethylation is associated with maternal microdeletions at either the GNAS NESP55 differentially methylated region or the STX16 gene located approximately 170 kb upstream. Functional evidence is meager regarding the causality of these microdeletions. Moreover, the mechanisms linking A/B methylation and the putative imprinting control regions (ICRs) NESP-ICR and STX16-ICR remain unknown. Here, we generated a human embryonic stem cell model of AD-PHP1B by introducing ICR deletions using CRISPR/Cas9. With this model, we showed that the NESP-ICR is required for methylation and transcriptional silencing of A/B on the maternal allele. We also found that the SXT16-ICR is a long-range enhancer of NESP55 transcription, which originates from the maternal NESP-ICR. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the STX16-ICR is an embryonic stage-specific enhancer enabled by the direct binding of pluripotency factors. Our findings uncover an essential GNAS imprinting control mechanism and advance the molecular understanding of PHP1B pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorihiro Iwasaki
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Cagri Aksu
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monica Reyes
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Birol Ay
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qing He
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of the Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Murat Bastepe
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Gil-Kulik P, Leśniewski M, Bieńko K, Wójcik M, Więckowska M, Przywara D, Petniak A, Kondracka A, Świstowska M, Szymanowski R, Wilińska A, Wiliński M, Płachno BJ, Kostuch M, Rahnama-Hezavach M, Szuta M, Kwaśniewska A, Bogucka-Kocka A, Kocki J. Influence of Perinatal Factors on Gene Expression of IAPs Family and Main Factors of Pluripotency: OCT4 and SOX2 in Human Breast Milk Stem Cells-A Preliminary Report. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032476. [PMID: 36768802 PMCID: PMC9917041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their therapeutic potential, mesenchymal stem cells are the subject of intensive research on the use of their potential in the treatment of, among others, neurodegenerative diseases or immunological diseases. They are among the newest in the field of medicine. The presented study aimed to evaluate the expression of eight genes from the IAP family and the gene regulating IAP-XAF1-in stem cells derived from human milk, using the qPCR method. The relationships between the expression of genes under study and clinical data, such as maternal age, maternal BMI, week of pregnancy in which the delivery took place, bodyweight of the newborn, the number of pregnancies and deliveries, and the time elapsed since delivery, were also analyzed. The research was carried out on samples of human milk collected from 42 patients hospitalized in The Clinic of Obstetrics and Perinatology of the Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 4, in Lublin. The conducted research confirmed the expression of the following genes in the tested material: NAIP, BIRC2, BIRC3, BIRC5, BIRC6, BIRC8, XIAP, XAF1, OCT4 and SOX2. Moreover, several dependencies of the expression of individual genes on the maternal BMI (BIRC5, XAF1 and NAIP), the time since childbirth (BIRC5, BIRC6, XAF1 and NAIP), the number of pregnancies and deliveries (BIRC2, BIRC5, BIRC6 and XAF1), the manner of delivery (XAF1 and OCT4), preterm labor (BIRC6 and NAIP) were demonstrated. Additionally, we found positive relationships between gene expression of BIRC7, BIRC8 and XAF1 and the main factors of pluripotency: SOX2 and OCT4. This work is the first to investigate the expression of genes from the IAPs family in mother's milk stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gil-Kulik
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Leśniewski
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Bieńko
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Wójcik
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Więckowska
- Student Scientific Society of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Przywara
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Petniak
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adrianna Kondracka
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Świstowska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Szymanowski
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wilińska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wiliński
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 9 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marzena Kostuch
- Department of Neonatology, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 4, 8 Jaczewskiego St., 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mansur Rahnama-Hezavach
- Chair and Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 6 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szuta
- Chair of Oral Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 4 Montelupich St., 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Kwaśniewska
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20–093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwillowska Str., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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19
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Mondal A, Mishra SK, Bhattacherjee A. Nucleosome breathing facilitates cooperative binding of pluripotency factors Sox2 and Oct4 to DNA. Biophys J 2022; 121:4526-4542. [PMID: 36321206 PMCID: PMC9748375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical lineage commitment events are staged by multiple transcription factors (TFs) binding to their cognate motifs, often positioned at nucleosome-enriched regions of chromatin. The underlying mechanism remains elusive due to difficulty in disentangling the heterogeneity in chromatin states. Using a novel coarse-grained model and molecular dynamics simulations, here we probe the association of Sox2 and Oct4 proteins that show clustered binding at the entry-exit region of a nucleosome. The model captures the conformational heterogeneity of nucleosome breathing dynamics that features repeated wrap-unwrap transitions of a DNA segment from one end of the nucleosome. During the dynamics, DNA forms bulges that diffuse stochastically and may regulate the target search dynamics of a protein by nonspecifically interacting with it. The overall search kinetics of the TF pair follows a "dissociation-compensated-association" mechanism, where Oct4 binding is facilitated by the association of Sox2. The cooperativity stems from a change in entropy caused by an alteration in the nucleosome dynamics upon TF binding. The binding pattern is consistent with a live-cell single-particle tracking experiment, suggesting the mechanism observed for clustered binding of a TF pair, which is a hallmark of cis-regulatory elements, has broader implications in understanding gene regulation in a complex chromatin environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Mondal
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujeet Kumar Mishra
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Arnab Bhattacherjee
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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20
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miR-22 Suppresses EMT by Mediating Metabolic Reprogramming in Colorectal Cancer through Targeting MYC-Associated Factor X. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7843565. [PMID: 36061355 PMCID: PMC9436592 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7843565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proved to be unusually expressed in CRC progression and thus alter multiple pathological processes in CRC cells. However, the specific roles and mechanisms of miR-22 in CRC have not been clearly reported. MicroRNA-22 (miR-22) and MYC-associated factor X (MAX) expressions were determined by RT-qPCR in CRC tissues and cells. The targeted regulatory effects of miR-22 and MAX were confirmed by luciferase reporter and coimmunoprecipitation assays. Also, gain- and loss-of-function and rescue experiments were used to elucidate the function and mechanism of miR-22 and MAX in CRC cells and the mouse xenograft model. We discovered that miR-22 was hypermethylated and downregulated, while MAX was upregulated in CRC. miR-22 markedly inhibited migration, invasion, glycolysis, and cancer stem cell transcription factors in CRC cells. In addition, it was found that miR-22 can directly target MAX. Additional functional experiments confirmed that MAX overexpression can rescue the effects of miR-22 on the behavior of CRC cells. This study suggested that miR-22, as a cancer suppressor, participates in CRC progression by targeting MAX, which might provide basic information for therapeutic targets for CRC.
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21
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Zhao Y, Bai D, Wu Y, Zhang D, Liu M, Tian Y, Lu J, Wang H, Gao S, Lu Z. Maternal Ezh1/2 deficiency in oocyte delays H3K27me2/3 restoration and impairs epiblast development responsible for embryonic sub-lethality in mouse. Development 2022; 149:dev200316. [PMID: 38771308 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
How maternal Ezh1 and Ezh2 function in H3K27 methylation in vivo in pre-implantation embryos and during embryonic development is not clear. Here, we have deleted Ezh1 and Ezh2 alone or simultaneously from mouse oocytes. H3K27me3 was absent in oocytes without Ezh2 alone, while both H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 were absent in Ezh1/Ezh2 (Ezh1/2) double knockout (KO) oocytes. The effects of Ezh1/2 maternal KO were inherited in zygotes and early embryos, in which restoration of H3K27me3 and H3K27me2 was delayed by the loss of Ezh2 alone or of both Ezh1 and Ezh2. However, the ablation of both Ezh1 and Ezh2, but not Ezh1 or Ezh2 alone, led to significantly decreased litter size due to growth retardation post-implantation. Maternal Ezh1/2 deficiency caused compromised H3K27me3 and pluripotent epiblast cells in late blastocysts, followed by defective embryonic development. By using RNA-seq, we examined crucial developmental genes in maternal Ezh1/2 KO embryos and identified 80 putatively imprinted genes. Maternal Ezh1/2-H3K27 methylation is inherited in offspring embryos and has a critical effect on fetal and placental development. Thus, this work sheds light on maternal epigenetic modifications during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Dandan Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - You Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Mengying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yingpu Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhongxian Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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22
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Species-Specific Enhancer Activity of OCT4 in Porcine Pluripotency: The Porcine OCT4 Reporter System Could Monitor Pluripotency in Porcine Embryo Development and Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:6337532. [PMID: 35846983 PMCID: PMC9277468 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6337532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the activity and function of the pig OCT4 enhancer in the porcine early embryonic development stage and porcine authentic embryonic stem cells. OCT4 is known as a pluripotent regulator, and its upstream regulatory region-based dual-fluorescence protein reporter system controlled by distal and proximal enhancers is broadly used in studies examining the states and mechanism of pluripotency. We analyzed how this reporter system functions during early embryo development and in stem cells using a previously established porcine-specific reporter system. We demonstrated that the porcine OCT4 distal enhancer and proximal enhancer were activated with different expression patterns simultaneously as the expression of pluripotent marker genes changed during the development of in vitro pathenotes and the establishment of porcine embryonic stem cells (ESCs). This work demonstrates the applicability of the porcine OCT4 upstream region-derived dual-fluorescence reporter system, which may be applied to investigations of species-specific pluripotency in porcine-origin cells. These reporter systems may be useful tools for studies of porcine-specific pluripotency, early embryo development, and embryonic stem cells.
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23
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Evaluation of the Impact of Pregnancy-Associated Factors on the Quality of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Stem Cells Using SOX2 Gene Expression as a Marker. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147630. [PMID: 35886978 PMCID: PMC9317592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX2 is a recognized pluripotent transcription factor involved in stem cell homeostasis, self-renewal and reprogramming. It belongs to, one of the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family of transcription factors, taking part in the regulation of embryonic development and determination of cell fate. Among other functions, SOX2 promotes proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, cancer stemness, and drug resistance. SOX2 interacts with other transcription factors in multiple signaling pathways to control growth and survival. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a parturient’s age, umbilical cord blood pH and length of pregnancy on the quality of stem cells derived from Wharton’s jelly (WJSC) by looking at birth weight and using SOX2 gene expression as a marker. Using qPCR the authors, evaluated the expression of SOX2 in WJSC acquired from the umbilical cords of 30 women right after the delivery. The results showed a significant correlation between the birth weight and the expression of SOX2 in WJSC in relation to maternal age, umbilical cord blood pH, and the length of pregnancy. The authors observed that the younger the woman and the lower the umbilical cord blood pH, the earlier the delivery occurs, the lower the birth weight and the higher SOX2 gene expression in WJSC. In research studies and clinical applications of regenerative medicine utilizing mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton’s Jelly of the umbilical cord, assessment of maternal and embryonic factors influencing the quality of cells is critical.
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24
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Hamilton DJ, Hein AE, Holmes ZE, Wuttke DS, Batey RT. The DNA-Binding High-Mobility Group Box Domain of Sox Family Proteins Directly Interacts with RNA In Vitro. Biochemistry 2022; 61:10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00218. [PMID: 35511045 PMCID: PMC9636074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that a substantial number of protein domains identified as DNA-binding also interact with RNA to regulate biological processes. Several recent studies have revealed that the Sox2 transcription factor binds RNA through its high-mobility group box (HMGB) domain in vitro and in vivo. A high degree of conservation of this domain among members of the Sox family of transcription factors suggests that RNA-binding activity may be a general feature of these proteins. To address this hypothesis, we examined a subset of HMGB domains from human Sox family of proteins for their ability to bind both DNA and RNA in vitro. We observed selective, high-affinity interactions between Sox family HMGB domains and various model RNA elements, including a four-way junction RNA, a hairpin RNA with an internal bulge, G-quadruplex RNA, and a fragment of long noncoding RNA ES2, which is known to directly interact with Sox2. Importantly, the HMGB domains bind these RNA ligands significantly tighter than nonconsensus dsDNA and in some cases with affinities rivaling those of their consensus dsDNA sequences. These data suggest that RNA binding is a conserved feature of the Sox family of transcription factors with the potential to modulate unappreciated biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond J Hamilton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
| | - Abigail E Hein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
| | - Zachariah E Holmes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
| | - Deborah S Wuttke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
| | - Robert T Batey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
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25
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Molecular biology exploration and targeted therapy strategy of Ameloblastoma. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 140:105454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Wang F, Huang X, Sun Y, Li Z, Sun R, Zhao T, Wang M, Yan C, Liu P. Sulforaphane regulates the proliferation of leukemia stem-like cells via Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 919:174824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Medvedev KE, Pei J, Grishin NV. DisEnrich: database of enriched regions in human dark proteome. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:1870-1876. [PMID: 35094056 PMCID: PMC8963327 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are involved in numerous processes crucial for living organisms. Bias in amino acid composition of these proteins determines their unique biophysical and functional features. Distinct intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) with compositional bias play different important roles in various biological processes. IDRs enriched in particular amino acids in human proteome have not been described consistently. RESULTS We developed DisEnrich-the database of human proteome IDRs that are significantly enriched in particular amino acids. Each human protein is described using Gene Ontology (GO) function terms, disorder prediction for the full-length sequence using three methods, enriched IDR composition and ranks of human proteins with similar enriched IDRs. Distribution analysis of enriched IDRs among broad functional categories revealed significant overrepresentation of R- and Y-enriched IDRs in metabolic and enzymatic activities and F-enriched IDRs in transport. About 75% of functional categories contain IDPs with IDRs significantly enriched in hydrophobic residues that are important for protein-protein interactions. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The database is available at http://prodata.swmed.edu/DisEnrichDB/. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jimin Pei
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nick V Grishin
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA,Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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28
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Porcine OCT4 reporter system as a tool for monitoring pluripotency states. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.36.4.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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29
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Pluripotency transcription factors at the focus: the phase separation paradigm in stem cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2871-2878. [PMID: 34812855 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factors (TFs) OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG are key players of the gene regulatory network of pluripotent stem cells. Evidence accumulated in recent years shows that even small imbalances in the expression levels or relative concentrations of these TFs affect both, the maintenance of pluripotency and cell fate decisions. In addition, many components of the transcriptional machinery including RNA polymerases, cofactors and TFs such as those required for pluripotency, do not distribute homogeneously in the nucleus but concentrate in multiple foci influencing the delivery of these molecules to their DNA-targets. How cells control strict levels of available pluripotency TFs in this heterogeneous space and the biological role of these foci remain elusive. In recent years, a wealth of evidence led to propose that many of the nuclear compartments are formed through a liquid-liquid phase separation process. This new paradigm early penetrated the stem cells field since many key players of the pluripotency circuitry seem to phase-separate. Overall, the formation of liquid compartments may modulate the kinetics of biochemical reactions and consequently regulate many nuclear processes. Here, we review the state-of-the-art knowledge of compartmentalization in the cell nucleus and the relevance of this process for transcriptional regulation, particularly in pluripotent stem cells. We also highlight the recent advances and new ideas in the field showing how compartmentalization may affect pluripotency preservation and cell fate decisions.
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30
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Fisher ML, Balinth S, Hwangbo Y, Wu C, Ballon C, Wilkinson JE, Goldberg GL, Mills AA. BRD4 REGULATES TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ∆Np63αTO DRIVE A CANCER STEM CELL PHENOTYPE IN SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS. Cancer Res 2021; 81:6246-6258. [PMID: 34697072 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4) plays a critical role in controlling the expression of genes involved in development and cancer. Inactivation of BRD4 inhibits cancer growth, making it a promising anticancer drug target. The cancer stem cell population is a key driver of recurrence and metastasis in cancer patients. Here we show that cancer stem-like cells can be enriched from squamous cell carcinomas, and that these cells display an aggressive phenotype with enhanced stem cell marker expression, migration, invasion, and tumor growth. BRD4 was highly elevated in this aggressive subpopulation of cells, and its function is critical for these cancer stem cell-like properties. Moreover, BRD4 regulated ∆Np63α, a key transcription factor that is essential for epithelial stem cell function that is often overexpressed in cancers. BRD4 regulated an EZH2/STAT3 complex that led to increased ∆Np63α-mediated transcription. Targeting BRD4 in human squamous cell carcinoma reduces ∆Np63α, leading to inhibition of spheroid formation, migration, invasion and tumor growth. These studies identify a novel BRD4-regulated signaling network in a subpopulation of cancer stem-like cells elucidating a possible avenue for effective therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Fisher
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
| | | | - Yon Hwangbo
- Cancer Genetics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
| | - Caizhi Wu
- Cancer Genetics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
| | | | - John E Wilkinson
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
| | - Gary L Goldberg
- Ob/Gyn, Gynecologic Oncology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwel
| | - Alea A Mills
- Div. of Cancer Genetics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
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31
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Li X, Yao X, Mu C, Wang Z, Hu R, Chang Y, Wu J. Serum- and Feeder-Free Culture of Juvenile Monkey Female Germline Stem Cells and Testosterone Regulation of their Self-Renewal. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:336-345. [PMID: 34642851 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Female germline stem cells (FGSCs) have been found in mouse, rat, pig, sheep and human ovaries. However, there is no information on the isolation or long-term culture of FGSCs from non-human primates. Here, we identified the presence of FGSCs in the ovaries of juvenile (3-4-year-old) cynomolgus monkeys using DDX4 and Ki67 double immunofluorescence. Then, a long-term serum- and cell feeder-free culture system for these FGSCs was used to establish a cell line, and its biological characteristics were analyzed. We found that testosterone promoted self-renewal of the cells. This study confirmed for the first time the presence of FGSCs in the ovary of non-human primates. This culture system and cell line will be of great significance for research in medicine and reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoying Yao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Yan Chang
- Shanghai Innostar biotech Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Ji Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental & Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Choudhury S, Surendran N, Das A. Recent advances in the induced pluripotent stem cell-based skin regeneration. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:697-710. [PMID: 33970525 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin regeneration has been a challenging clinical problem especially in cases of chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, and epidermolysis bullosa-related skin blisters. Prolonged non-healing wounds often lead to bacterial infections increasing the severity of wounds. Current treatment strategies for chronic wounds include debridement of wounds along with antibiotics, growth factors, and stem cell transplantation therapies. However, the compromised nature of autologous stem cells in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes limits the efficacy of the therapy. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has immensely influenced the field of regenerative therapy. Enormous efforts have been made to develop integration-free iPSCs suitable for clinical therapies. This review focuses on recent advances in the methods and reprogramming factors for generating iPSCs along with the existing challenges such as genetic alterations, tumorigenicity, immune rejection, and regulatory hurdles for the clinical application of iPSCs. Furthermore, this review also highlights the benefits of using iPSCs for the generation of skin cells and skin disease modeling over the existing clinical therapies for skin regeneration in chronic wounds and skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subholakshmi Choudhury
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nidhi Surendran
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Thura M, Ye Z, Al-Aidaroos AQ, Xiong Q, Ong JY, Gupta A, Li J, Guo K, Ang KH, Zeng Q. PRL3 induces polypoid giant cancer cells eliminated by PRL3-zumab to reduce tumor relapse. Commun Biol 2021; 4:923. [PMID: 34326464 PMCID: PMC8322210 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PRL3, a unique oncotarget, is specifically overexpressed in 80.6% of cancers. In 2003, we reported that PRL3 promotes cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Herein, firstly, we show that PRL3 induces Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells (PGCCs) formation. PGCCs constitute stem cell-like pools to facilitate cell survival, chemo-resistance, and tumor relapse. The correlations between PRL3 overexpression and PGCCs attributes raised possibilities that PRL3 could be involved in PGCCs formation. Secondly, we show that PRL3+ PGCCs co-express the embryonic stem cell markers SOX2 and OCT4 and arise mainly due to incomplete cytokinesis despite extensive DNA damage. Thirdly, we reveal that PRL3+ PGCCs tolerate prolonged chemotherapy-induced genotoxic stress via suppression of the pro-apoptotic ATM DNA damage-signaling pathway. Fourthly, we demonstrated PRL3-zumab, a First-in-Class humanized antibody drug against PRL3 oncotarget, could reduce tumor relapse in 'tumor removal' animal model. Finally, we confirmed that PGCCs were enriched in relapse tumors versus primary tumors. PRL3-zumab has been approved for Phase 2 clinical trials in Singapore, US, and China to block all solid tumors. This study further showed PRL3-zumab could potentially serve an 'Adjuvant Immunotherapy' after tumor removal surgery to eliminate PRL3+ PGCC stem-like cells, preventing metastasis and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Thura
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zu Ye
- MD Anderson Cancer Centre, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abdul Qader Al-Aidaroos
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiancheng Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jun Yi Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ke Guo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Koon Hwee Ang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Zeng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Kim SH, Choi KH, Lee M, Lee DK, Lee CK. Porcine OCT4 Reporter System Can Monitor Species-Specific Pluripotency During Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:168-179. [PMID: 34037424 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the activity and function of pig OCT4 enhancer in porcine reprogramming cells. Dual fluorescent protein reporter systems controlled by the upstream regulatory region of OCT4, which is one of the master regulators for pluripotency, are widely used in studies of the mechanism of pluripotency. We analyzed how this reporter system functions in fibroblast growth factor (FGF)- or leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-dependent reprogrammed porcine pluripotent stem cells using the previously established porcine-specific reporter system. Porcine embryonic fibroblasts were coinfected with the pOCT4-ΔPE-eGFP (distal enhancer [DE]-green fluorescent protein [GFP]) and pOCT4-ΔDE-DsRed2 (proximal enhancer [PE]-red fluorescent protein [RFP]) vectors, and GFP and RFP expression were verified during a DOX-dependent reprogramming process. We demonstrated that the porcine OCT4 DE and PE were activated in different expression patterns simultaneously as changes in the expression of pluripotent marker genes during the establishment of porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Porcine OCT4 upstream region-derived dual fluorescent protein reporter systems confirmed that porcine iPSCs are in primed state after reprogramming in FGF2- or LIF-containing media. This work demonstrates the applicability of porcine OCT4 upstream region-derived dual fluorescence reporter system, which may be applied to investigations of species-specific pluripotency in porcine-origin cells. These reporter systems may be useful tools for studies of porcine-specific pluripotency, early embryo development, and embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mingyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Designed Animal & Transplantation Research Institute, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Gangwon-do, Korea
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence strongly indicates that the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) leads to the emergence of worse clinical scenarios, such as chemo- and radiotherapy resistance, metastasis, and cancer recurrence. CSCs are a highly tumorigenic population characterized by self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential. Thus, CSCs establish a hierarchical intratumor organization that enables tumor adaptation to evade the immune response and resist anticancer therapy. YY1 functions as a transcription factor, RNA-binding protein, and 3D chromatin regulator. Thus, YY1 has multiple effects and regulates several molecular processes. Emerging evidence indicates that the development of lethal YY1-mediated cancer phenotypes is associated with the presence of or enrichment in cancer stem-like cells. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate whether and to what extent YY1 regulates the CSC phenotype. Since CSCs mirror the phenotypic behavior of stem cells, we initially describe the roles played by YY1 in embryonic and adult stem cells. Next, we scrutinize evidence supporting the contributions of YY1 in CSCs from a number of various cancer types. Finally, we identify new areas for further investigation into the YY1-CSCs axis, including the participation of YY1 in the CSC niche.
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Effect of Nanog overexpression on the metastatic potential of a mouse melanoma cell line B16-BL6. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2651-2661. [PMID: 33665763 PMCID: PMC8192392 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanog, a marker and regulator of the undifferentiated state in embryonic stem cells were anticipated to be an effective enhancer of cancer metastasis. We have developed a Nanog overexpressing mouse melanoma cell line B16-BL6 (BL6). BL6 was well recognized as a cell line with a high metastatic potential. In vitro tests revealed the enhancement of cell proliferation, wound healing activity, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) activity. Nanog-induced up- or down-regulated genes were comprehensively analyzed by transcriptome sequencing using Nanog+BL6 and wild-type BL6. Principally, up-regulated genes were involved in vesicle-aided glucose transport and oxidative phosphorylation, while down-regulated genes were associated with immunosuppression and apoptosis. A marked finding was that TGF-β1 was down-regulated, because TGF-β1 has been well discussed about its suppressive/progressive dual role in cancer. In vivo test showed that the number and volume of metastatic colonies of BL6 to lung were as high as 115 colonies/lung and 5.6 mm3/lung. Under this condition, Nanog overexpression caused a progressive effect (150 colonies/lung, p = 0.25; 9.2 mm3/lung, p = 0.13) rather than a suppressive effect on the metastasis. In this study, the effectiveness of Nanog overexpression in enhancing the metastatic potential of melanoma cell lines has been demonstrated for the first time.
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Robinson M, Gilbert SF, Waters JA, Lujano-Olazaba O, Lara J, Alexander LJ, Green SE, Burkeen GA, Patrus O, Sarwar Z, Holmberg R, Wang C, House CD. Characterization of SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG in Ovarian Cancer Tumor-Initiating Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020262. [PMID: 33445692 PMCID: PMC7828139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) has traditionally relied on surface markers including CD133, CD44, CD117, and the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme, which have diverse expression across samples. A more reliable indication of TICs may include the expression of embryonic transcription factors that support long-term self-renewal, multipotency, and quiescence. We hypothesize that SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG will be enriched in ovarian TICs and may indicate TICs with high relapse potential. We evaluated a panel of eight ovarian cancer cell lines grown in standard 2-D culture or in spheroid-enriching 3-D culture, and correlated expression with growth characteristics, TIC marker expression, and chemotherapy resistance. RNA-sequencing showed that cell cycle regulation pathways involving SOX2 were elevated in 3-D conditions. HGSOC lines had longer doubling-times, greater chemoresistance, and significantly increased expression of SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG in 3-D conditions. CD117+ or ALDH+/CD133+ cells had increased SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG expression. Limiting dilution in in vivo experiments implicated SOX2, but not OCT4 or NANOG, with early tumor-initiation. An analysis of patient data suggested a stronger role for SOX2, relative to OCT4 or NANOG, for tumor relapse potential. Overall, our findings suggest that SOX2 may be a more consistent indicator of ovarian TICs that contribute to tumor repopulation following chemotherapy. Future studies evaluating SOX2 in TIC biology will increase our understanding of the mechanisms that drive ovarian cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikella Robinson
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Samuel F. Gilbert
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Jennifer A. Waters
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Omar Lujano-Olazaba
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Jacqueline Lara
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Logan J. Alexander
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Samuel E. Green
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Gregory A. Burkeen
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Omid Patrus
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Zinia Sarwar
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Ryne Holmberg
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Christine Wang
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
| | - Carrie D. House
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92106, USA; (M.R.); (S.F.G.); (J.A.W.); (O.L.-O.); (J.L.); (L.J.A.); (S.E.G.); (G.A.B.); (O.P.); (Z.S.); (R.H.); (C.W.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(619)-594-3053
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Ko J, Meyer AN, Haas M, Donoghue DJ. Characterization of FGFR signaling in prostate cancer stem cells and inhibition via TKI treatment. Oncotarget 2021; 12:22-36. [PMID: 33456711 PMCID: PMC7800776 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains uncurable and novel therapies are needed to better treat patients. Aberrant Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) signaling has been implicated in advanced prostate cancer (PCa), and FGFR1 is suggested to be a promising therapeutic target along with current androgen deprivation therapy. We established a novel in vitro 3D culture system to study endogenous FGFR signaling in a rare subpopulation of prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the cell lines PC3, DU145, LNCaP, and the induced pluripotent iPS87 cell line. 3D-propagation of PCa cells generated spheroids with increased stemness markers ALDH7A1 and OCT4, while inhibition of FGFR signaling by BGJ398 or Dovitinib decreased cell survival and proliferation of 3D spheroids. The 3D spheroids exhibited altered expression of EMT markers associated with metastasis such as E-cadherin, vimentin and Snail, compared to 2D monolayer cells. TKI treatment did not result in significant changes of EMT markers, however, specific inhibition of FGFR signaling by BGJ398 showed more favorable molecular-level changes than treatment with the multi-RTK inhibitor Dovitinib. This study provides evidence for the first time that FGFR1 plays an essential role in the proliferation of PCa CSCs at a molecular and cellular level, and suggests that TKI targeting of FGFR signaling may be a promising strategy for AR-independent CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - April N Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin Haas
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Donoghue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Rachmadi L, Kusmardi, Miranda ME, Vianney MM. Association between SOX2 and OCT4 expression and the chemoradiation therapeutic response in undifferentiated non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2020. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.oa.203647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-renewal ability of cancer stem cells (CSS) is one of the possible causes for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) to relapse and metastasize. SOX2 and OCT4 are markers for expression of the embryonic stem cells and crucial for the progression of various malignancies. This study was aimed to analyze the association between SOX2 and OCT4 expression and chemoradiation therapeutic response in undifferentiated non-keratinizing NPC.
METHODS This cross-sectional study used archival data from Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 2014 to December 2016. The outcomes were classified into good-response (complete and partial response) and poor-response groups (progressive and stable disease) based on response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST). SOX2 and OCT4 immunohistochemistry staining was performed using the initial specimen (before chemoradiation therapy) and positively expressing tumor cells were counted. Staining intensity was graded as: strong, moderate, weak, and negative. Strong and moderate staining was considered positive expression.
RESULTS 33 males and 8 females were included; 48% were ≥50 years old. Most of the patients had stage IV (n = 35) and several patients had stage II (n = 3) and III (n = 3). More cells expressed OCT4 in the good-response group than the poor-response group (61.3% versus 37.0%, p = 0.009). Meanwhile, there were less cells expressing SOX2 in the good-response group than the poor-response group (36.3% versus 61.1%, p = 0.097).
CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that OCT4 is a potential predictive marker for therapeutic response in patients with NPC.
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Zhao Y, Li X, Tian G, Zhao X, Wong J, Shen Y, Wu J. Ubiquitin-Specific-Processing Protease 7 Regulates Female Germline Stem Cell Self-Renewal Through DNA Methylation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:938-951. [PMID: 33151468 PMCID: PMC8166723 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 7 (Usp7) is a key deubiquitinase controlling epigenetic modification and regulating the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells. However, the functions and mechanisms of action of Usp7 on female germline stem cells (FGSCs) are unknown. Here, we demonstrated that Usp7 regulated FGSC self-renewal via DNA methylation. The results of Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine assays showed that the viability and proliferation of FGSCs were negatively regulated by Usp7. Moreover, Usp7 downregulated the expression of self-renewal genes, such as Oct4, Etv5, Foxo1, and Akt, but upregulated the expression of differentiation-related genes including Stra8 and Sycp3. Mechanistically, RNA-seq results showed that Usp7 negatively regulated FGSC self-renewal but positively modulated differentiation in FGSCs. Meanwhile, both overexpression and knockdown of Usp7 resulted in significant changes in DNA methylation and histone modification in FGSCs. Additionally, RNA-seq and MeDIP-seq analyses showed that Usp7 regulates the self-renewal and differentiation of FGSCs mainly through DNA methylation rather than histone modification, which was also confirmed by a rescue assay. Our study not only offers a novel method to research FGSC self-renewal and differentiation in view of epigenetic modifications, but also provides a deep understanding of FGSC development. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhao
- Renji Hospital, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Renji Hospital, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Renji Hospital, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jiemin Wong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Renji Hospital, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Plant AL, Halter M, Stinson J. Probing pluripotency gene regulatory networks with quantitative live cell imaging. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2733-2743. [PMID: 33101611 PMCID: PMC7560648 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Live cell imaging uniquely enables the measurement of dynamic events in single cells, but it has not been used often in the study of gene regulatory networks. Network components can be examined in relation to one another by quantitative live cell imaging of fluorescent protein reporter cell lines that simultaneously report on more than one network component. A series of dual-reporter cell lines would allow different combinations of network components to be examined in individual cells. Dynamical information about interacting network components in individual cells is critical to predictive modeling of gene regulatory networks, and such information is not accessible through omics and other end point techniques. Achieving this requires that gene-edited cell lines are appropriately designed and adequately characterized to assure the validity of the biological conclusions derived from the expression of the reporters. In this brief review we discuss what is known about the importance of dynamics to network modeling and review some recent advances in optical microscopy methods and image analysis approaches that are making the use of quantitative live cell imaging for network analysis possible. We also discuss how strategies for genetic engineering of reporter cell lines can influence the biological relevance of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Plant
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States
| | - Michael Halter
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States
| | - Jeffrey Stinson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States
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Nonreciprocal and Conditional Cooperativity Directs the Pioneer Activity of Pluripotency Transcription Factors. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2689-2703.e4. [PMID: 31484078 PMCID: PMC6750763 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cooperative binding of transcription factors (TFs) to chromatin orchestrates gene expression programming and cell fate specification. However, the biophysical principles of TF cooperativity remain incompletely understood. Here we use single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to study the partnership between Sox2 and Oct4, two core members of the pluripotency gene regulatory network. We find that the ability of Sox2 to target DNA inside nucleosomes is strongly affected by the translational and rotational positioning of its binding motif. In contrast, Oct4 can access nucleosomal sites with equal capacities. Furthermore, the Sox2-Oct4 pair displays nonreciprocal cooperativity, with Oct4 modulating interaction of Sox2 with the nucleosome but not vice versa. Such cooperativity is conditional upon the composite motif’s residing at specific nucleosomal locations. These results reveal that pioneer factors possess distinct chromatin-binding properties and suggest that the same set of TFs can differentially regulate gene activities on the basis of their motif positions in the nucleosomal context. Using single-molecule fluorescence imaging, Li et al. investigate the pioneer activities of pluripotency factors Sox2 and Oct4 and find that they exhibit distinct nucleosome binding preferences as well as context-dependent cooperativity, which potentially allows gene-specific transcriptional regulation.
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SOX2 and squamous cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:154-167. [PMID: 32905832 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SOX2 is a pleiotropic nuclear transcription factor with major roles in stem cell biology and in development. Over the last 10 years SOX2 has also been implicated as a lineage-specific oncogene, notably in squamous carcinomas but also neurological tumours, particularly glioblastoma. Squamous carcinomas (SQCs) comprise a common group of malignancies for which there are no targeted therapeutic interventions. In this article we review the molecular epidemiological and laboratory evidence linking SOX2 with squamous carcinogenesis, explore in detail the multifaceted impact of SOX2 in SQC, describe areas of uncertainty and highlight areas for potential future research.
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Zhang Y, Hu W, Ma K, Zhang C, Fu X. Reprogramming of Keratinocytes as Donor or Target Cells Holds Great Promise for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:680-689. [PMID: 31197578 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the most crucial branches of regenerative medicine is cell therapy, in which cellular material is injected into the patient to initiate the regenerative process. Cells obtained by reprogramming of the patient's own cells offer ethical and clinical advantages could provide a new source of material for therapeutic applications. Studies to date have shown that only a subset of differentiated cell types can be reprogrammed. Among these, keratinocytes, which are the most abundant proliferating cell type in the epidermis, have gained increasing attention as both donor and target cells for reprogramming and have become a new focus of regenerative medicine. As target cells for the treatment of skin defects, keratinocytes can be differentiated or reprogrammed from embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, fibroblasts, adipose tissue stem cells, and mesenchymal cells. As donor cells, keratinocytes can be reprogrammed or direct reprogrammed into a number of cell types, including induced pluripotent stem cells, neural cells, and Schwann cells. In this review, we discuss recent advances in keratinocyte reprogramming, focusing on the induction methods, potential molecular mechanisms, conversion efficiency, and safety for clinical applications. Graphical Abstract KCs as target cells can be reprogrammed or differentiated from fibroblasts, iPSCs, ATSCs, and mesenchymal cells. And as donor cells, KCs can be reprogrammed or directly reprogrammded into iPSCs, neural cells, Schwann cells, and epidermal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehou Zhang
- School of Medicine, NanKai University, 94 Wei Jin Road, NanKai District, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Fourth Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, 51 Fu Cheng Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Fourth Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, 51 Fu Cheng Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Fourth Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, 51 Fu Cheng Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Fourth Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, 51 Fu Cheng Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Fourth Medical Center of General Hospital of PLA, 51 Fu Cheng Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
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Evaluation of the In Vitro Damage Caused by Lipid Factors on Stem Cells from a Female Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes/Obesity and Stress Urinary Incontinence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145045. [PMID: 32708907 PMCID: PMC7404394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human stem cell therapy for type 2 diabetes/obesity (T2D/O) complications is performed with stem cell autografts, exposed to the noxious T2D/O milieu, often with suboptimal results. We showed in the Obese Zucker (OZ) rat model of T2D/O that when their muscle-derived stem cells (MDSC) were from long-term T2D/O male rats, their repair efficacy for erectile dysfunction was impaired and were imprinted with abnormal gene- and miR-global transcriptional signatures (GTS). The damage was reproduced in vitro by short-term exposure of normal MDSC to dyslipidemic serum, causing altered miR-GTS, fat infiltration, apoptosis, impaired scratch healing, and myostatin overexpression. Similar in vitro alterations occurred with their normal counterparts (ZF4-SC) from the T2D/O rat model for female stress urinary incontinence, and with ZL4-SC from non-T2D/O lean female rats. In the current work we studied the in vitro effects of cholesterol and Na palmitate as lipid factors on ZF4-SC and ZL4-SC. A damage partially resembling the one caused by the female dyslipidemic serum was found, but differing between both lipid factors, so that each one appears to contribute specifically to the stem cell damaging effects of dyslipidemic serum in vitro and T2D/O in vivo, irrespective of gender. These results also confirm the miR-GTS biomarker value for MDSC damage.
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Xia X, Guan C, Chen J, Qiu M, Qi J, Wei M, Wang X, Zhang K, Lu S, Zhang L, Hua C, Xue S, Yao L. Molecular characterization of AwSox2 from bivalve Anodonta woodiana: Elucidating its player in the immune response. Innate Immun 2020; 26:381-397. [PMID: 31889462 PMCID: PMC7903536 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919897823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sox2 is an embryonal stem cell Ag essential for early embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and immune regulation. In the current study, one complete Sox2 cDNA sequence was cloned from freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana and named AwSox2. Histological changes of testis derived from Bisphenol A (BPA) treatment were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expressions of AwSox2 derived from BPA, LPS and polyinosinic:polycytidylic (Poly I:C) challenge were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The full-length cDNA of AwSox2 contained an open reading frame of 927 nucleotides bearing the typical structural features of Sox2 family. Obvious degeneration, irregular arrangement of spermatids, and clotted dead and intertwined spermatids were observed in BPA-treated groups. Administration of BPA could result in a dose-dependent up-regulation of AwSox2 expression in the male gonadal tissue of A. woodiana. In addition, expression of AwSox2 was significantly induced by LPS and Poly I:C treatment in the hepatopancreas, gill and hemocytes, compared with that of control group. These results indicated that up-regulations of AwSOx2 are closely related to apoptosis of spermatogonial stem cells derived from BPA treatment as well as enhancement of immune defense against LPS and Poly I:C challenge in A. woodiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Xia
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
- Life college of Nanyang Nomal University, Nanyang, Henan
Province, China
| | - Cuiui Guan
- Life college of Nanyang Nomal University, Nanyang, Henan
Province, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Maolin Qiu
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Jinxu Qi
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Mengwei Wei
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Suxiang Lu
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Linguo Zhang
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Chunxiu Hua
- Basic Medicine College of Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang,
Henan Province, China
| | - Shipeng Xue
- Basic Medicine College of Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang,
Henan Province, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Life college of Nanyang Nomal University, Nanyang, Henan
Province, China
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Fernandes CSM, Rodrigues AL, Alves VD, Fernandes TG, Pina AS, Roque ACA. Natural Multimerization Rules the Performance of Affinity-Based Physical Hydrogels for Stem Cell Encapsulation and Differentiation. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3081-3091. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S. M. Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - André L. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vitor D. Alves
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago G. Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Pina
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Cecília A. Roque
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Marinaro F, Macías-García B, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Blázquez R, Álvarez V, Matilla E, Hernández N, Gómez-Serrano M, Jorge I, Vázquez J, González-Fernández L, Pericuesta E, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Casado JG. Extracellular vesicles derived from endometrial human mesenchymal stem cells enhance embryo yield and quality in an aged murine model†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1180-1192. [PMID: 30596891 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced age is a risk factor undermining women's fertility. Hence, the optimization of assisted reproduction techniques is an interdisciplinary challenge that requires the improvement of in vitro culture systems. Here, we hypothesize that supplementation of embryo culture medium with extracellular vesicles from endometrial-derived mesenchymal stem cells (EV-endMSCs) may have a positive impact on the embryo competence of aged oocytes. In this work, 24 weeks old B6D2 female mice were used as egg donors and in vitro fertilization assays were performed using males from the same strain (8-12 weeks); the presumptive zygotes were incubated in the presence of 0, 10, 20, 40, or 80 μg/ml of EV-endMSCs. The results from the proteomic analysis of EV-endMSCs and the classification by Reactome pathways allowed us to identify proteins closely related with the fertilization process. Moreover, in our aged murine model, the supplementation of the embryo culture medium with EV-endMSCs improved the developmental competence of the embryos as well as the total blastomere count. Finally, gene expression analysis of murine blastocysts showed significant changes on core genes related to cellular response to oxidative stress, metabolism, placentation, and trophectoderm/inner cell mass formation. In summary, we demonstrate that EV-endMSCs increase the quality of the embryos, and according to proteomic and genomic analysis, presumably by modulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes and promoting pluripotent activity. Therefore, EV-endMSCs could be a valuable tool in human assisted reproduction improving the developmental competence of aged oocytes and increasing the odds of implantation and subsequent delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Marinaro
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre (JUMISC), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Beatriz Macías-García
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Francisco Miguel Sánchez-Margallo
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre (JUMISC), Cáceres, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Blázquez
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre (JUMISC), Cáceres, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Álvarez
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre (JUMISC), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Elvira Matilla
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Nuria Hernández
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | - María Gómez-Serrano
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lauro González-Fernández
- Research Group of Intracellular Signaling and Technology of Reproduction (SINTREP), Institute of Biotechnology in Agriculture and Livestock (INBIO G+C), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier G Casado
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre (JUMISC), Cáceres, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
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Meng Y, Xu Q, Chen L, Wang L, Hu X. The function of SOX2 in breast cancer and relevant signaling pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153023. [PMID: 32703490 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the functional roles of SOX2 in the progression of breast cancer and relevant molecular mechanism. METHODS A total of 108 breast cancer patients were included, and breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was selected for this research. Real time-qualitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted to measure the expression level of SOX2 mRNA. MTT and Transwell assays were used to detected the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to reveal the relationship of SOX2 with PTEN. Western blot was performed to detect the expressions of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins. RESULTS The expression of SOX2 mRNA was up-regulated in breast cancer tissues and cells (P < 0.001). SOX2 expression was significantly associated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of breast cancer patients (P < 0.05). SOX2 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells (P < 0.05). PTEN was a direct target of SOX2. The inhibition of PTEN could significantly suppress the progression of breast cancer cells with SOX2 overexpression. SOX2 knockdown also inhibited the expressions of β-catenin, TCP-4, FZD7, C-myc and MMP-7 proteins. Moreover, PTEN knockdown reversed the results caused by SOX2 overexpression, that is, increased expressions of β-catenin, TCP-4, FZD7, C-myc and MMP-7 proteins (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION SOX2 promotes the progression of breast cancer through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via regulating PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunfang Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Capital Medical University Electric Teaching Hospital (State Grid Coporation of China Beijing Electric Power Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Department of Oncology, the 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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From ACTH-Dependent to ACTH-Independent Cushing's Syndrome from a Malignant Mixed Corticomedullary Adrenal Tumor: Potential Role of Embryonic Stem Cells. Case Rep Endocrinol 2020; 2020:4768281. [PMID: 32426170 PMCID: PMC7218959 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4768281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To report the immunohistochemical and molecular evaluation of a patient with ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) from a MCAT which has single cells with features of both 96 medullary and cortical differentiation. Case Description and Methods. A 16-year-old woman presented with severe EAS and a large right MCAT composed of ACTH-secreting cells resembling pheochromocytoma and another lineage similar to adrenal carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed positivity for medullary (ACTH, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and PS-100) and epithelial components (inhibin, melan-A, and calretinin). Embryonic stem cell markers were evaluated using RT/PCR and immunofluorescence. After initial surgery, the tumor recurred shifting to rapidly progressive ACTH-independent liver metastasis. Results Histopathology and IHC revealed two distinct and intermingled cellular patterns, while some cells immunostained for both medullary and cortical markers. Demonstration of all stem cell biomarkers by RT/PCR and immunofluorescence was predominantly localized to the nucleus, whereas SOX2 immunoreactivity was evident in the cytoplasm as well. Conclusion The expression of cancer stem cell biomarkers points towards the involvement of primitive embryonic cells as the origin of this neoplasm and maybe to the clinically aggressive and biochemically changing behavior.
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